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Nobes, Tom S. "Smart Instruments in Safety Instrumented Systems — Sellafield Experiences." Measurement and Control 41, no. 6 (July 2008): 179–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002029400804100603.
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Mykyychuk, Mykola, Svyatoslav Yatsyshyn, Bohdan Stadnyk, and Yaroslav Lutsyk. "Smart Measuring Instruments for Cyber-Physical Systems." Advances in Cyber-Physical Systems 1, no. 1 (February 23, 2016): 7–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/acps2016.01.007.
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Eden, Murray. "Smart Instruments, Microprocessors, Personal Computers." International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 3, no. 2 (April 1987): 319–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266462300000611.
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This discussion of Emerging Technology focuses on technological currents in electronic technology rather than in medical technology per se. The influence of the former on the latter is not merely that medical devices have electronic parts, but that the development of new circuit technology can change radically the design, utility, and even the function of the medical devices.
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Besnainou, Charles. "Trekking around ancestors of smart instruments." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 141, no. 5 (May 2017): 3618. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.4987760.
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Wild, Michael de, Sebastian Dany, Christoph John, and Felix Schuler. "Smart 4D-printed implants and instruments." Current Directions in Biomedical Engineering 6, no. 3 (September 1, 2020): 209–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cdbme-2020-3053.
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AbstractSelective laser melting (SLM) was used to manufacture smart programmed structures with customized properties made of biocompatible NiTi shape-memory alloy. A series of helixes was produced with systematically varied SLM process parameters Laser Exposure Time and Laser Power in order to specifically change the thermo-mechanical material properties of the 3D-structures. This innovation opens up the possibility to adjust the NiTi phase transformation temperature during the manufacturing process. This controllable property determines which of the two crystallographic phases martensite or austenite is present at a certain operating temperature and allows the mechanical properties to be adjusted: martensitic devices are soft and pseudo-plastic due to the shape-memory effect, whereas austenitic structures are pseudo-elastic. In a further step, the SLM process parameters were locally varied within 4Dprinted twin-helixes. As a result, the phases, respectively the mechanical properties of a single component were adjusted at different locations. The ratio of elastic to plastic deformation and the spring constant of the helix can be locally controlled. This allows, for example, the spatio-temporal programming of 3D-printed surgical instruments or implants that are stimuliresponsive.
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Rahmawati, Agustina. "Formulation of Smart City Policy Instruments (Study Jogja Smart Service Program in Yogyakarta City)." Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Administrasi Publik 10, no. 2 (December 1, 2020): 357. http://dx.doi.org/10.26858/jiap.v10i2.13700.
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This study aims to provide an overview of the formulation of policy instruments in improving public services of the Yogyakarta City. Therefore, this study describes the effectiveness that has been achieved and also describes the problems that arise in the Jogja Smart Service Program (JSS) in the context of the formulation of policy making. This can then be useful for developing alternative policy instruments that are similar. In the perspective of public administration, a program of policy can be seen part of the management of decisions in public policy, where the resources and actors are organized and coordinated. This gives consequences about how the process of making instrument formulation at the time of making the policy. Thus, it becomes interesting to see how the process of formulation of policies in the Jogja Smart Service Program (JSS). By using descriptive qualitative research methods, the stages of the method in this research are collecting data related to the policy formulation process of the Jogja Smart Service Program (JSS), in the form of interviews and documentation of regulations and related policies. The result of the research is the formulation of Jogja Smart Service (JSS) policies in Yogyakarta City which still has various challenges, so a combined instrument is needed, namely synergy and collaboration between the government, private sector, community and other stakeholders to support the effectiveness of the program.
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Subramanian, Hemang. "Security tokens: architecture, smart contract applications and illustrations using SAFE." Managerial Finance 46, no. 6 (August 13, 2019): 735–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mf-09-2018-0467.
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Purpose Blockchain technologies have pervaded modern crowdfunding and capital sourcing through a variety of financial instruments implemented as smart contracts. Smart contracts provide a unique mechanism not only to create a unique one-of-a-type financial instrument, but also to enable unique innovations atop existing financial instruments due to underlying efficiencies. The smartness comes from the flexibility that programs provide which can create extremely unique financial instruments that are often complex to implement, yet easy to create, maintain through versioning, trade and destroy. The purpose of this paper is to describe the security token architecture as an application of smart contracts. Further, the author illustrates the implementation and design of a commonly used financial instrument known as Simple Agreement for Future Equity (SAFE) using the security token architecture proposed and smart contract functionality. The author then models the transaction using relational algebra, and, models the utility maximization. The author shows how on account of reduced information asymmetry between the investors and SAFE users (i.e. startups) utility is positive when smart contract-based security tokens are deployed for each state in the SAFE contract. Design/methodology/approach Using an existing well-adopted instrument called a SAFE contract, the author illustrates the architecture of a smart contract-based security token system. The author illustrates how different components of a SAFE contract can be implemented as a smart contract and discusses the advantages and disadvantages of applying blockchain-based smart contracts to design SAFE instruments. The author deploys two methods: a state space diagram to explain state transitions and a utility model to explain the utilities. Findings The key findings of this research study are the design of a security token architecture, which can be used to convert any the physical or contract-based financial instrument to a smart contract that runs on the blockchain. However, there are limitations to the implementation of the same which can be overcome. The model illustrates the positive utilities derived for all economic actors, i.e. the contractors, the utility providers, etc., in the market. Originality/value This paper is an original paper. For the very first time, the author explored the architecture of a security token system. Using a well-known financial instrument, namely the SAFE, the author describes various components, e.g. the four contracts that form SAFE and then model the utilities for the system.
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López, Juan Manuel, Jesús Alonso, César Asensio, Ignacio Pavón, Luis Gascó, and Guillermo de Arcas. "A Digital Signal Processor Based Acoustic Sensor for Outdoor Noise Monitoring in Smart Cities." Sensors 20, no. 3 (January 22, 2020): 605. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20030605.
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Presently, large cities have significant problems with noise pollution due to human activity. Transportation, economic activities, and leisure activities have an important impact on noise pollution. Acoustic noise monitoring must be done with equipment of high quality. Thus, long-term noise monitoring is a high-cost activity for administrations. For this reason, new alternative technological solutions are being used to reduce the costs of measurement instruments. This article presents a design for a versatile electronic device to measure outdoor noise. This device has been designed according to the technical standards for this type of instrument, which impose strict requirements on both the design and the quality of the device’s measurements. This instrument has been designed under the original equipment manufacturer (OEM) concept, so the microphone–electronics set can be used as a sensor that can be connected to any microprocessor-based device, and therefore can be easily attached to a monitoring network. To validate the instrument’s design, the device has been tested following the regulations of the calibration laboratories for sound level meters (SLM). These tests allowed us to evaluate the behavior of the electronics and the microphone, obtaining different results for these two elements. The results show that the electronics and algorithms implemented fully fit within the requirements of type 1 noise measurement instruments. However, the use of an electret microphone reduces the technical features of the designed instrument, which can only fully fit the requirements of type 2 noise measurement instruments. This situation shows that the microphone is a key element in this kind of instrument and an important element in the overall price. To test the instrument’s quality and show how it can be used for monitoring noise in smart wireless acoustic sensor networks, the designed equipment was connected to a commercial microprocessor board and inserted into the infrastructure of an existing outdoor monitoring network. This allowed us to deploy a low-cost sub-network in the city of Málaga (Spain) to analyze the noise of conflict areas due to high levels of leisure noise. The results obtained with this equipment are also shown. It has been verified that this equipment meets the similar requirements to those obtained for type 2 instruments for measuring outdoor noise. The designed equipment is a two-channel instrument, that simultaneously measures, in real time, 86 sound noise parameters for each channel, such as the equivalent continuous sound level (Leq) (with Z, C, and A frequency weighting), the peak level (with Z, C, and A frequency weighting), the maximum and minimum levels (with Z, C, and A frequency weighting), and the impulse, fast, and slow time weighting; seven percentiles (1%, 5%, 10%, 50%, 90%, 95%, and 99%); as well as continuous equivalent sound pressure levels in the one-third octave and octave frequency bands.
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Mykyychuk, Mykola, Bohdan Stadnyk, Svyatoslav Yatsyshyn, and Yaroslav Lutsyk. "Smart measuring instruments for cyber-physical systems." Measuring Equipment and Metrology 77 (2016): 3–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/istcmtm2016.77.003.
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Sholeh, Chaereyranba, Sintaningrum Sintaningrum, and Yogi Suprayogi Sugandi. "Formulation of Innovation Policy: Case of Bandung Smart City." Jurnal Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik 22, no. 3 (May 2, 2019): 173. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jsp.33698.
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The aim of this study is to describe the policy innovation of the implementation of a smart city in Bandung. Heightening urban issues are becoming increasingly complex and limited resources are available to alleviate them, making the government to continue making policy innovations in order to improve the societal welfare. The smart city policy innovation implemented by the government of Bandung is expected to solve the priority problems of Bandung effectively and efficiently. In conducting a policy innovation, special attention should be paid to several important things such as regulation, community needs, and understanding the apparatus and those who contribute in the implementation of a smart city in Bandung. With the fulfillment of several policy innovation factors, the implementation of a smart city in Bandung can be successful and solve the problems that currently exist in the city. To analyze the smart city policy innovation in Bandung, the researchers used the policy innovation instrument phase from Susanna Borras and Charles Edquist. The method used in this research is a qualitative method with a descriptive analysis method, and data collection was carried out through literature and field study (observation, interview, and documentation). The result of this research is that the smart city policy innovation in Bandung has not been successfully implemented. This can be seen from the three instruments of policy innovation that have not been implemented in the implementation of a smart city in Bandung. The three instruments are a regulation instrument, an economic financial instrument, and a soft instrument.
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Marques, Vítor, Nuno Bento, and Paulo Moisés Costa. "The “Smart Paradox”: Stimulate the deployment of smart grids with effective regulatory instruments." Energy 69 (May 2014): 96–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.007.
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Ginoth, R., and Navin Prasad. "Implementation of Smart Grid Using Lab View." International Journal of Students' Research in Technology & Management 3, no. 7 (October 29, 2015): 428. http://dx.doi.org/10.18510/ijsrtm.2015.376.
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Like the Personal Computer and smart phone, most disruptive ideas combine existing elements in a way that provides a dramatically better solution. The same phenomenon is true for the smart grid. Embedded reconfigurable instrumentation and control systems powered by National Instruments (NI) Laboratory Virtual Instrument Engineering Workbench (LabVIEW) software are merging with cloud-based networking, analytics, and other cutting-edge information technologies.The proliferation of smart networked embedded systems, widely distributed throughout the grid, will revolutionize the way electricity is produced, consumed, and distributed. Like the information technology (IT) revolution that drives it, the energy technology (ET) revolution will bring dramatic innovations that make energy cheaper, cleaner, and more abundant. By this presentation spectators can understand the technology development in the fields of energy.
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Staroswiecki, M., and M. Bayart. "Models and Languages for the Interoperability of Smart Instruments." IFAC Proceedings Volumes 27, no. 3 (June 1994): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1474-6670(17)46079-4.
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Turchet, Luca. "Smart Musical Instruments: Vision, Design Principles, and Future Directions." IEEE Access 7 (2019): 8944–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2876891.
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Staroswiecki, Marcel, and Mireille Bayart. "Models and languages for the interoperability of smart instruments." Automatica 32, no. 6 (June 1996): 859–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0005-1098(96)00016-7.
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KOTNIK, IGOR. "ORCHESTRATING THE INSTRUMENTS OF NATIONAL POWER." Ali sodobni varnostni izzivi res potrebujejo povsem nove pristope?/ Do Contemporary Security Challenges Really Require Entirely New Approaches?, VOLUME 2012/ ISSUE 14/3 (September 30, 2012): 11–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.33179/bsv.99.svi.11.cmc.14.3.1.
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The State has to orchestrate the instruments of national power regarding security en- vironment within the on-going process of establishing balance of power in the inter- national community. In continuous interplay, states and other actors try to implement their (national) interests through influence or coercion relationships. In behind of both approaches there are different instruments of national power which could be understood in traditional or more comprehensive and flexible way. Traditional approach, based on three or four instruments, is particularly incorrect if someone would like to get an impression about national power of developing states and newly emerging powers. Nye`s differentiation between hard and soft power in fact follows traditional concept of three (four) instruments (means) of national power, but at the same time he is introducing three different ways of “selling” – hard, soft and smart. According to comprehensive and more flexible understanding of the instruments of national power I suggest that all ten instruments of national power are suitable to be projected in influential (soft) or coercive (hard) way and also in a smart way, as a unique mixture of the first two, in which soft power should prevail over hard power as long as possible and acceptable. Država mora upravljati instrumente nacionalne moči ob upoštevanju varnostnega okolja v okviru trenutnega procesa vzpostavljanja ravnotežja moči v mednarodni skupnosti. Ob stalnem medsebojnem sodelovanju si države in drugi akterji priza- devajo uresničevati svoje (nacionalne) interese prek odnosov vplivanja ali prisile. V ozadju obeh pristopov so različni instrumenti nacionalne moči, ki jih je mogoče razumeti na tradicionalen ali bolj celovit in prilagodljiv način. Tradicionalni pristop, ki temelji na treh ali štirih instrumentih, je še posebno neustrezen, ko si želimo ustvariti vtis o nacionalni moči držav v razvoju in na novo nastajajočih velikih sil. Nyejevo razlikovanje med trdo in mehko močjo sledi tradicionalnemu konceptu treh (štirih) instrumentov (sredstev) nacionalne moči, vendar pa hkrati uvaja tri različne načine njihovega "prodajanja" – trdo, mehko in bistroumno moč. Skladno s celovitim in bolj prilagodljivim razumevanjem instrumentov nacionalne moči predlagam, da vseh deset instrumentov nacionalne moči razumemo kot primerne za uporabo v obliki vpliva (mehko) ali prisile (trdo), pa tudi na bistroumen način, kot edinstveno mešanico prvih dveh, v kateri mora mehka moč prevladati nad trdo močjo, kolikor dolgo je to mogoče in sprejemljivo.
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Corradino, Claudia, Gaetana Ganci, Giuseppe Bilotta, Annalisa Cappello, Ciro Negro, and Luigi Fortuna. "Smart Decision Support Systems for Volcanic Applications." Energies 12, no. 7 (March 28, 2019): 1216. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12071216.
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The huge amount of information coming from remote sensors on satellites has allowed monitoring changes in the planetary environment from about 50 years. These instruments are widely adopted to observe extreme thermal events such as eruptive phenomena in volcanic areas. Although the availability of so many different infrared sensors makes these instruments suitable to observe different kind of thermal phenomena, choosing the right infrared sensor to monitor each thermal event is not straightforward. In fact, the decision should take into account both the main features of the phenomena under investigation, e.g., its size and temperatures, that are often not known a priori, and the instruments specifications, e.g., spatial resolution. Here, a smart decision support system (SDSS) is proposed to address this task. In particular, we used a SDSS to simulate remote sensors responses, collect data coming from three different classes of remote sensors, retrieve information about the main features of the observed thermal event and, consequently, select the most suitable infrared remote sensor for the specific observed phenomena. Results obtained for a real case of study at Etna volcano is shown.
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Schönheit, M., and T. Kuhnert. "Smart Factory – Die Planung der intelligenten Fabrik/Smart Factory - How to design a factory with future." wt Werkstattstechnik online 107, no. 04 (2017): 219–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.37544/1436-4980-2017-04-23.
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Industrie 4.0 ist längst kein Schlagwort mehr. Es steht eine technische Revolution bevor, welche die Arbeitsbereiche grundlegend verändern wird. Vor diesem Hintergrund stellt sich die Frage, wie Industriebauten zu planen sind, um wettbewerbsfähig zu bleiben. Der Fachartikel entwirft den Rahmen für die Implementierung einer „intelligenten Fabrik“ und stellt dabei Instrumente sowie Maßnahmen eines erfahrenen Fabrikplaners vor. Eine besondere Rolle spielt der Mensch, der als gestaltende Größe im Zentrum der Prozesslandkarte steht und durch Anwendungen im Umfeld von Industrie 4.0 in seiner Rolle unterstützt wird. Industry 4.0 is not just a buzzword anymore. We’re at the beginning of a new technical revolution which will transform our working areas completely. Against this background it’s important to discuss how to plan industrial buildings so that they remain competitive. The article helps to define the framework for implementing a Smart Factory by presenting suitable instruments and measures. Besides, the employee will play an important role being in the center of the processes and supported by applications in the surrounding of Industry 4.0.
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Ivanova, Veronika, Ditchko Batchvarov, and Ani Boneva. "A Smart Laparoscopic Instrument with Different Applications." International Journal Bioautomation 24, no. 4 (December 2020): 403–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.7546/ijba.2020.24.4.000723.
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The main target of everyone engineering work associated with minimally-invasive surgery is to provide adequate tool-tissue force information to the surgeons so that they can regain the sense of touch that has been lost through laparoscopic surgery. In this context the main objective of the work design novel family laparoscopic tools with better technical characteristics, and incorporation of force and other sensors and elements in construction of tools for restore sense of touch in the process of laparoscopy. Thus it is improving some technical side of this laparoscopic instruments. In contrast to daVinchi robots by Intuitive Surgical Incorporation which instruments are designed for manipulation and imaging we offer family tools with additional functions such as diagnosis and therapeutics tasks. Therefore we decide two main problems: i) we designed and produced an original construction of an adequate experimental module for robots, where was incorporated two force sensors to provide tool-tissue information (some of which was described and discussed at previous works); and ii) we realized hardware and program resources for control and monitoring of this module which is the object of this work. The computer program includes information about various measurements of the tip tool – surface contact interactions and data obtained from the experimental module that is used to find the difference between date from previous measuring and received information in real time. Another signification advantage of the proposed program solution is the graphical visualization of the measuring and comparing the results. Therefore, the surgeon can give the adequate command to force interaction between the instrument and tissue. For verification of the functionality and working capacity of the experimental module with force feedback capabilities for robots were conducted different experiments with the designed control system.
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Regelbrugge, Marc E., Alain Carrier, and William C. Dickson. "Performance of a Smart Vibration Isolator for Precision Spacecraft Instruments." Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures 7, no. 2 (March 1996): 211–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1045389x9600700213.
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Amara, Selma, Gallo A. Torres Sevilla, Mayyada Hawsawi, Yousof Mashraei, Hanan Mohammed, Melvin E. Cruz, Yurii P. Ivanov, et al. "High-Performance Flexible Magnetic Tunnel Junctions for Smart Miniaturized Instruments." Advanced Engineering Materials 20, no. 10 (July 25, 2018): 1800471. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adem.201800471.
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Lin, Shijun, Feng Lyu, and Huixin Nie. "An Automatic Instrument Integration Scheme for Interoperable Ocean Observatories." Sensors 20, no. 7 (April 2, 2020): 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20071990.
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Due to the heterogeneity, high cost, and harsh environment, ocean observatories demand a flexible, robust, and capable scheme to integrate science instruments. To deal with the challenges of automatic instrument integration and machine-to-machine interaction in ocean observatories, a systematic scheme is proposed based on Zero Configuration Networking (Zeroconf), Programmable Underwater Connector with Knowledge (PUCK), Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP), and Message Queuing Telemetry Transport (MQTT) protocols, as well as a smart interface module to achieve instrument plug-and-play and standard communication among heterogeneous ocean instruments. The scheme specifically considers the resource-constrained ocean observatories and machine-to-machine interoperability, which is of great significance to interoperable ocean observatories. The laboratory tests have verified the feasibility of the proposed scheme.
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DADALKO, Vasilii A., Vladimir V. NIKOLAEVSKII, Andrei D. NEKRASOV, and Dar’ya S. SHERSTNEVA. "Smart Contract: Concept, Financial Essence, World Experience and Opportunities of Practical Use." Finance and Credit 27, no. 8 (August 30, 2021): 1871–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.24891/fc.27.8.1871.
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Subject. The article considers smart contracts as digital financial instruments, their financial and economic essence, which is defined as digital instruments for the settlement of financial relations. Objectives. The aim is to introduce into scientific use such a system concept as digital financial instruments and mechanisms based on the consideration of their economic, legal and financial essence. Methods. The study rests on systems approach that enables to present a smart contract from a technological, economic, legal and financial position as a set of elements with their specific functions defining its complex concept. Results. We reveal the nature of financial relations, arising at the time when bilateral or multilateral transactions are concluded and smart contracts are presented as ways to automatically settle them. Completion of a smart contract is a confirmation of the completion of the transaction and the moment of termination of financial relationship. The article shows the fundamental possibility of using smart contracts in the system of budget relations as a tool for the settlement of a multilateral transaction. Conclusions. Currently, smart contracts are an essential element of a new stage in the development of financial technologies. Specialists in the financial and banking sector recognize the emerging opportunities for their use in the system of financial relations. The paper shows an example of possible use of smart contracts in the settlement of budget relations and in improving the utilization efficiency of budget funds.
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Zhang, Wan Fa, Lei Chen, and Ti Qiang Shan. "Design of a Static Test System of Photoelectric Parameters for a Smart Ammunition." Applied Mechanics and Materials 347-350 (August 2013): 210–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.347-350.210.
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A static test system of photoelectric parameters for a smart ammunition is introduced, which provides a new solution for the detection of smart ammunitions. The system uses the technology of virtual instruments, PXI buses and intelligent connectors, constructs its hardware platform by the method of PXI modules, develops the test software in the circumstance of LabWindows/CVI and accomplishes the test of related parameters by the control of relevant modules. Experiments show that, the system designs reasonably, compared with traditional testing instruments, it is more accurate, reliable, and has favorable extending. It can also finish many other kinds of smart ammunitions by add or reduce relevant hardware modules and software modules.
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Doig, Emmah J., and Amanda T. Lane-Brown. "Responsiveness of Instruments to Assess Disorders of Consciousness: A Literature Review." Brain Impairment 13, no. 3 (December 2012): 285–315. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/brimp.2012.29.
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Objectives: To summarise available evidence for responsiveness of six key assessments used with patients with disorders of consciousness: Coma Recovery Scale – Revised (CRS-R), Disorders Of Consciousness Scale (DOCS), Sensory Modality Assessment and Rehabilitation Technique (SMART), Sensory Stimulation Assessment Measure (SSAM), Wessex Head Injury Matrix (WHIM), and the Western Neuro Sensory Stimulation Profile (WNSSP).Method: A literature search of five electronic databases was conducted using a systematic search strategy. Relevant literature was evaluated and pertinent information extracted.Results: Database searches using key terms initially yielded 132 articles. Following review for inclusion identified 24 articles. No studies were specifically designed to investigate responsiveness of any of the measures and therefore responsiveness data were either based on statistical significance of change post-treatment or descriptive analysis of change scores. The majority of studies identified used the CRS-R (n= 11), WHIM (n= 5) and WNSSP (n= 6) and have established responsiveness to change. There is some preliminary evidence for the responsiveness of the other measures, based on very few available studies: DOCS (n= 2), SMART (n= 1) or SSAM (n= 1).Conclusion: Future studies should seek to include responsiveness analysis, particularly in relation to the DOCS, SMART and SSAM.
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Crocombe, Richard A. "Portable Spectroscopy." Applied Spectroscopy 72, no. 12 (October 18, 2018): 1701–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0003702818809719.
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Until very recently, handheld spectrometers were the domain of major analytical and security instrument companies, with turnkey analyzers using spectroscopic techniques from X-ray fluorescence (XRF) for elemental analysis (metals), to Raman, mid-infrared, and near-infrared (NIR) for molecular analysis (mostly organics). However, the past few years have seen rapid changes in this landscape with the introduction of handheld laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS), smartphone spectroscopy focusing on medical diagnostics for low-resource areas, commercial engines that a variety of companies can build up into products, hyphenated or dual technology instruments, low-cost visible-shortwave NIR instruments selling directly to the public, and, most recently, portable hyperspectral imaging instruments. Successful handheld instruments are designed to give answers to non-scientist operators; therefore, their developers have put extensive resources into reliable identification algorithms, spectroscopic libraries or databases, and qualitative and quantitative calibrations. As spectroscopic instruments become smaller and lower cost, “engines” have emerged, leading to the possibility of being incorporated in consumer devices and smart appliances, part of the Internet of Things (IOT). This review outlines the technologies used in portable spectroscopy, discusses their applications, both qualitative and quantitative, and how instrument developers and vendors have approached giving actionable answers to non-scientists. It outlines concerns on crowdsourced data, especially for heterogeneous samples, and finally looks towards the future in areas like IOT, emerging technologies for instruments, and portable hyphenated and hyperspectral instruments.
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Gomolka, Zbigniew, Damian Kordos, and Ewa Zeslawska. "The Application of Flexible Areas of Interest to Pilot Mobile Eye Tracking." Sensors 20, no. 4 (February 12, 2020): 986. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20040986.
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Recent progress in the development of mobile Eye Tracking (ET) systems shows that there is a demand for modern flexible solutions that would allow for dynamic tracking of objects in the video stream. The paper describes a newly developed tool for work with ET glasses, and its advantages are outlined with the example of a pilot study. A flight task is performed on the FNTP II MCC simulator, and the pilots are equipped with the Mobile Tobii Glasses. The proposed Smart Trainer tool performs dynamic object tracking in a registered video stream, allowing for an interactive definition of Area of Interest (AOI) with blurred contours for the individual cockpit instruments and for the construction of corresponding histograms of pilot attention. The studies are carried out on a group of experienced pilots with a professional pilot CPL(A) license with instrumental flight (Instrument Rating (IR)) certification and a group of pilots without instrumental training. The experimental section shows the differences in the perception of the flight process between two distinct groups of pilots with varying levels in flight training for the ATPL(A) line pilot license. The proposed Smart Trainer tool might be exploited in order to assess and improve the process of training operators of advanced systems with human machine interfaces.
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Stražišar, Borut. "Is principle based legislation smart choice for capital market’s regulation." Journal of Governance and Regulation 1, no. 3 (2012): 107–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/jgr_v1_i3_c1_p4.
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Global financial crisis in 2008 posted numerous questions about the reasons and triggers. In past three years world’s economic literature has been full of academic articles analysing each reason or trigger and scientific explanations of possible connections. Majority outcome was, that key factor was excessive use of derivatives and synthetic financial products, which were under regulated or not regulated at all. The outcome was that countries with developed financial markets introduced new regulations and controls in the field of derivatives and synthetic financial products. Term “systemic risk” was introduced in global financial market. But will this approach really prevent such global crisis? Submission is divided in three parts. First part deals with the theory of principle based regulation. Principle based regulation was firstly introduced in UK and latter accepted by European Union in the field of capital markets. It was a way, together with the Lamfalussy process, to make EU regulation acceptable for all member states. Instead of detailed prescribed behaviour, legislation texts prescribe only desirable goals. Implementation is left to each state or, even worse, to each supervised subject. So the implementation should depend on the capital market’s development, capital product’s structure, tradition, investment companies’ size etc. From a distant view, principle based legislation could be seen as a great legislation writing’s technique. It could be seen as an effective solution to regulate a fast developing field without need to change the regulation. But is it true? Second part of the submission addresses the legal questions and problems, connected to the principle based regulation starting with the validity of regulations. Broad definitions in Market in financial instruments Directive (MiFID), introduced for fast adaptation to new financial products and instruments, are now turning into dinosaurs. Contrary to US’s fast action, European Union is still discussing whether spot forex trade is financial instrument or not. On the other hand, broad and unclear definitions, represents a friendly environment for new casino’s financial products. Even recognised financial instruments (like derivatives and synthetic financial instruments) are recognised as gambling contracts by national courts within European Union. Problems with legal enforcement of financial contracts are mentioned also in common law’s literature. There are numerous pages describing the economic and financial essence of each derivative or synthetic financial instrument. But the chapters, dealing with the legal aspects, are short and end with a similar advice: “due to small number of case law and the danger, that courts could interpret such contracts as a gambling contract, we strongly advise to settle all disputes outside the court.” In case of numerous defaults unenforceability of contracts could be the poison pill for the trust in capital markets. Accepted solutions could also be a problem for administrative or criminal sanctions. Broad and unclear definitions could violate the basic principle “nullum crimen sine lege praevia.” And least but not last, in modern financial world sins are made in interpretations of details and not of principles. Third part of submission deals with the necessary assumptions for a workable principle based legislation. It starts with basic legal culture and generally accepted rule of law. It deals with the corporate culture, consumer’s organizations, financial markets and capable supervisors. Only when all the actors perform their expected roles, the principle based legislation could work properly.
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Alexander, Kathryn. "Instruments in Your Pocket." Mechanical Engineering 137, no. 09 (September 1, 2015): 42–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2015-sep-3.
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This article discusses the revolution that smartphones, apps, and add-on devices have brought in every person’s life. Sensors and apps are turning smartphones into engineering measurement tools. Increasingly, engineers are reaching for their smartphones to test products and equipment. The latest generation of smartphones feature sensor suites and apps that have turned the smartphone into a pocket-size laboratory of engineering instruments. Smartphones and apps have matured far beyond the consumer market to become real engineering tools. In 2013 Samsung Electronics Co. Ltd., added temperature and humidity sensors and pulled ahead of the market with the largest sensor suite. Many apps are available free to the user. The developers monetize their offerings by putting ads in the apps or by offering purchases to upgrade to a ‘pro’ version of the app with more functionality. The apps have also been used in industry to diagnose problems associated with vibration in mechanical systems, and by an electrical company that uses vibration to determine tension in cables. Smartphones, apps, and add-on devices are evolving rapidly, and a smart choice could make your next engineering project go mobile.
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Yang, In-Jeong. "Virtual Musical Instruments on Smart Device and Transformation in Musical Experience." Korean Society of Culture and Convergence 42, no. 7 (July 30, 2020): 71–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.33645/cnc.2020.07.42.7.71.
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Huang, Li Hua, Xi En Ye, and Xin Jun Shi. "The Design and Application of WiFi-Smart Socket in Smart Home." Advanced Materials Research 902 (February 2014): 274–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.902.274.
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Smart home system mainly consists of home networking, home wireless LAN and the external network components. It will achieve the intelligentize and informatization of the home furnishing. Smart socket is one of which belongs to the smart home terminal devices. This article is to talk about smart socket. The core chips of this system are Texas Instruments CC3000MOD and MSP430FR5739MCU. Using WiFi wireless communications technology control and process signals coming from the side of the handheld PDA. Controller side can support two software platforms IAR or CCS. This design uses IAR workbench. PDA client software using the Android operating system is used to receive and process analog signals from controller side. In this paper, WiFi wireless transmission technology as the basis, based on IEEE802.11b/g wireless protocol, It achieves a WiFi wireless communication system for remote or local client and terminal equipment, enabling the intelligent control of the home furnishing.
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Baccarne, Bastiaan, and Lieven De Marez. "Co-Shaping Smart Cities." International Journal of Urban Planning and Smart Cities 2, no. 2 (July 2021): 34–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijupsc.2021070103.
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This paper studies participation divides on civic crowdsourcing platforms in a smart city context, hybrid applications of distributed urban innovation management, and new modes of digital citizenship, often applied to co-shape future urban environments. However, the emergence of new participatory instruments also brings new digital inequalities, as their adoption is not distributed equally. Hence, from an explicitly interdisciplinary perspective, this article explores the role of civic engagement, digital inequalities, and opinion leadership in understanding differences in participatory behavior on such platforms. Using a regression model (N = 178), this study shows that participation differences on civic crowdsourcing platforms are explained by opinion leadership and political engagement, but not by community engagement, traditional digital inequalities. This reveals that such platforms are used most by those who were already participating and have high levels of expertise, which sheds a light on the potential empowerment of such platforms and its democratic implications.
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Felix Júnior, Luiz Antonio, Wênyka Preston Leite Batista da Costa, Luciana Gondim de Almeida Guimarães, Glauber Ruan Barbosa Pereira, and Walid Abbas El-Aouar. "Social participation in the definition of budgetary instruments." Transforming Government: People, Process and Policy 14, no. 5 (May 23, 2020): 737–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/tg-12-2019-0118.
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Purpose The participation of society is a valuable aspect of the governability of cities, for it strengthens the citizens’ collaborative component. Such participation, which is seen as social, is considered an essential element for the design of a smart city. This study aims to identify the factors that contribute to social participation in the definition of budgetary instruments’ planning. Design/methodology/approach Concerning the methodological instruments, this study is characterised by a quantitative and descriptive approach and uses a multivariate data analysis with a sample of 235 respondents. Findings The study’s findings identified a framework that portrays elements that collaborate with the social participation in the definition of the public administration’s budgetary instruments, which are considered as elements that are able to develop the role of the popular participation and are characterised by the definition of a smart city by enabling more assertiveness in society’s needs. Practical implications Identification of a framework that brings out elements that are able to develop the popular participation in the definition of budgetary instruments. Then, one scale of elements that contribute to social participation in the definition of the public administration’s budgetary instruments theoretically represented and statistically validated, thus contributing to the continuity of studies on social participation. Social implications Through studies on social participation in budgetary planning, it is possible to guarantee a better allocation of public resources through intelligent governability. Originality/value The research can bring theoretical elements about social participation in the definition of budget instruments for a statistical convergence through the perception of the sample.
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Li, Chen, Jiang, and Han. "Chinese Traditional Musical Instrument Evaluation Based on a Smart Microphone Array Sensor." Proceedings 15, no. 1 (August 15, 2019): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019015040.
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For Chinese traditional musical instruments, the general subjective evaluation method by experts is not cost-effective and is limited by fewer and fewer experts, but a clear physical law is very hard to established by physicists. Considering the effectiveness of artificial neural networks (ANNs) for complex system, for a Chinese lute case, a neural network based 8-microphone array is applied to correlate the objective instrument acoustic features with expert subjective evaluations in this paper. The acoustic features were recorded by a microphone array sensor and extracted as the constant-Q transform coefficients, Mel-frequency cepstral coefficients and correlation coefficients between each microphone for ANNs input. The acoustic library establishment, acoustic features extractions, and deep learning model for Chinese lutes evaluation are reported in this paper.
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R., Hemalatha, Jayabharathi P., Kalaivani S., and Bommi R.M. "Low Solar Power Harvesting With Iot Smart Nodes." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 4.6 (September 25, 2018): 415. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.6.28453.
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electronic instruments and many other instruments which mostly depends on power. So the harvesting of power becomes necessary. In order to leave required amount of power to the next generation, we should harvest the power what we have now. In this project we used four modules for harvesting power. Extracting maximum power from a solar power harvester with minimum power transfer loss is the primary goal of this project. The proposed system demonstrates that we can track maximum power point tracking (MPPT) under rapidly changing atmospheric condition. Instead of photovoltaic cell, the solar cells are used for harvesting power. There are totally four modules used and these modules are controlled using a main board. The each power harvesting module consists of wireless transmitters which is controlled by IOT webpage. Also each power harvesting modules consists of wireless transmitter. These transmitters are used to transmit the power to the receiver through wireless networks. All these nodes are controlled using main board. This control board can be user configurable. The smart WSN controlled power harvesting system is also established here.
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Alberto, Walter, Mauro Palomba, and Luigi Perotti. "SMART GROUND Project test-sites topographic and morphologic characterization: instruments and methodologies." Rendiconti Online della Società Geologica Italiana 46 (November 2018): 107–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3301/rol.2018.60.
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Czupich, Mariusz. "The Role of ICT in the Smart City Concept." Olsztyn Economic Journal 14, no. 1 (March 31, 2019): 63–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.31648/oej.3646.
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The concept of a smart city enables the effective implementation of public services despite the negative consequences related to population growth in large cities. City authorities, in the face of growing demand for public services, often use a wide range of smart city instruments in various areas of operation. Despite the fact that a large part of innovative solutions is widespread and used, such as intelligent transportation systems or e-office, new opportunities are still emerging which are aimed at improving the quality of life for city dwellers. The aim of the article is to define the role of ICT in smart city management. The subjects of analysis are innovative instruments used in technologically advanced cities as well as contemporary challenges facing city management. The functioning of the city depends to a large extent on access to the communication network, mobile devices as well as on infrastructure connected with them. Therefore, it is necessary, on the one hand, to ensure the capacity of connections and network communication, and, on the other hand, to involve citizens in the process of creating new solutions.
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Motiei, Malihe, Nor Hidayati Zakaria, Davide Aloini, and Mohammad Akbarpour Sekeh. "Developing Instruments for Enterprise Resources Planning (ERP) Post-Implementation Failure Model." International Journal of Enterprise Information Systems 11, no. 3 (July 2015): 68–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijeis.2015070105.
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Implementing Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) projects in many organizations are faced with failure concept in recent years. Researchers focused to implement ERP projects successfully by proposing the success model. However, through these attentions to get ERP benefits, the ERP failure measurement model is required. Therefore, the aim of this study is to develop the instruments for ERP post-implementation failure measurement model. To achieve this outcome, the study firstly evaluates the suitability of Technology-Organization-Environment framework for the proposed conceptual model. Constructs were used for this model included two formative and six reflective constructs. A questionnaire was developed to test the validity and reliability of instrument items. A survey was conducted among Iranian industries to collect data and data analyzed by Smart PLS software. The results indicated that all instruments items included 37 critical risk factors (CRFs) as measurement were acceptable for the ERP post-implementation failure model.
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Bellagente, Paolo, Michele Bona, and Domenico Gorni. "The Use of Smart Sensors in Healthcare Applications: Review." Applied Mechanics and Materials 783 (August 2015): 29–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.783.29.
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Sensors have always represented a fundamental component in most systems which have to guarantee a high reliability and huge performances. Industrial world provides a perfect example. During the last years, such instruments have increased their capabilities, thanks to the integration of functionalities which only certain devices had in the past, reaching a level of smartness which has allowed them to enlarge the range of their applications. One of the most interesting field, that has a great potential of development in the future, regards human healthcare (and rehabilitation in particular), which technology is giving a great contribution for. This paper aims to provide a general view of the exploitation of smart sensors in such domain. After having introduced the conceptual schemes which are the basis for the realization of a smart sensor, different typologies are described, which are utilized in implantable devices, wearable instruments and rehabilitation systems, trying to explain why they are the most suitable for certain applications.
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Lu, Bin, Yan Wang, Cheng Lin Liu, and Chang Ce Si. "Based on PLC and Intelligent Instruments Control System of Annealing Furnace." Applied Mechanics and Materials 278-280 (January 2013): 1551–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.278-280.1551.
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This document introducting a based on PLC and intelligent instruments control system of annealing furnace, the control system is on the basis of the PLC configuration software to monitor real-time control of smart meters, interchanging data between them, in order to achieve automatic control function together. Make the control system is safe and reliable, high accuracy [1].
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González-Reverté. "Building Sustainable Smart Destinations: An Approach Based on the Development of Spanish Smart Tourism Plans." Sustainability 11, no. 23 (December 3, 2019): 6874. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11236874.
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The aim of this research is to assess the real effects of developing smart tourism destinations on urban sustainability. A content analysis method is used to analyze 994 initiatives contained in action-plan and strategy documents from different smart tourism pilot projects funded by Spanish tourism administration. The results indicate that, despite the noteworthy effort to develop smart initiatives, sustainability solutions based on the use of technology are scarcely proposed, suggesting that cultural, managerial and technological barriers do exist. Overall, smart tourism plans are mainly conceived as instruments designed to create new tourism products in a tourism-driven approach. Despite the institutional narrative promoting smart tourism destinations as a guarantee to transform destinations responding to residents’ needs and improve sustainability, pilot projects undergo little interest in holistic sustainable initiatives, suggesting that destination management is focused on a rhetorical approach to sustainability.
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Cabrera, Cecilia Soledad. "Aproximación a los conceptos de blockchaing, smart contracts y su relación con la función notarial. / Approach to the concepts of blockchain, smart contracts and their relationship with the notarial function." Revista de Derecho Notarial y Registral │Universidad Blas Pascal, no. 6 (2019) (April 3, 2020): 29–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.37767/2362-3845(2019)002.
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Los desarrollos tecnológicos inciden en la forma en que tiene lugar el desenvolvimiento de las relaciones humanas a través del uso de los instrumentos jurídicos. Internet y los sistemas informáticos permiten la creación, almacenamiento, recuperación y difusión de documentos a través de códigos digitales. Así, los documentos se desmaterializan para digitalizarse. Por ello, el artículo pretende realizar una aproximación a los conceptos de blockchain y smart contract, y luego abordar algunas posibles vinculaciones e incidencias respecto de las funciones notariales.
ABSTRACT:
Technological developments affect the development of human relationships through the use of legal instruments. Internet and computer systems allow the creation, storage, retrieval and dissemination of documents through digital codes. Thus, documents are dematerialized to be digitized. Therefore, the article aims to make an approach to the concepts of blockchain and smart contract, and then present some possible impacts regarding notarial functions.
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Hryhorak, Mariia, and Nataliia Trushkina. "Development of the logistics system of the economic region “polissya” in the context of the green economy: ecological problems and perspectives." Electronic Scientific Journal Intellectualization of Logistics and Supply Chain Management #1 2020 1, no. 4 (December 30, 2020): 27–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.46783/smart-scm/2020-4-3.
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Modern business conditions require the implementation of the financial support mechanism for the transformation of transport and logistics systems using non-traditional sources of funding, including "green" investments. The key instruments of "green" financing for transport infrastructure modernization, which are effectively used in different countries, include: "green" bonds, "green" loans, grants, guarantees, technical assistance, money of "green" investment funds. This paper is devoted to the analyzes of the dynamics of environmental indicators of the regional logistics system taking as an example the economic region "Polissya". On this basis, modern environmental problems of the district's logistics system have been identified. An analysis of the development of world markets for "green" bonds, "green" loans and sustainable investment assets is made. Peculiarities and characteristic features of "green" financing instruments for the development of logistics systems of different levels are considered. As a result of the research it is established that in the Ukrainian realities it is expedient to apply the advanced international experience of realization of the "green" financing of infrastructure projects mechanism in economic areas. This will successfully transform regional logistics systems in the context of the green economy and achieve sustainable development of transport infrastructure.
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Gieseler, Oliver, Julio C. Alvarez-Gomez, Hubert Roth, and Jürgen Wahrburg. "Design of smart tools to support pre- and intra-operative use of surgical navigation systems." tm - Technisches Messen 85, no. 5 (May 25, 2018): 351–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/teme-2017-0119.
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Abstract In this paper we present novel solutions to support the application of computer assisted surgical interventions in which optical surgical navigation systems based on stereo cameras are used. The objective is to improve both the pre-operative setup and the intra-operative use of the navigation system. Following a short introduction describing the potential for improvements of existing navigation systems new approaches and the components to implement them are described. The pre-operative alignment of the stereo camera is made easier by attaching a small graphic display to its tripod which can show how much of the operating area is covered by the measurement volume of the camera. The intra-operative application is improved by a mechanism for motorized camera motions in order to follow the position of surgical instruments. Furthermore a small display can be attached to a surgical instrument which clearly indicates to the surgeon how to guide the instrument in order to stay on the planned trajectory.
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El Wahed, Ali K. "A Novel Hydraulic Actuation System Utilizing Magnetorheological Fluids for Single-Port Laparoscopic Surgery Applications." Materials 13, no. 6 (March 20, 2020): 1380. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13061380.
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Single-port laparoscopic surgery (SLS), which utilizes one major incision, can deliver favorable cosmetic outcomes with fewer patient hospitalization stays and less postoperative pain. However, current SLS instruments, which are rigid and slender, have been suffering from several drawbacks, including their inability to provide the optimum articulation required to complete certain SLS tasks. This paper reports on the development of a lightweight smart hydraulic actuation system that is proposed to be embedded at selected joints along current SLS instruments, in order to enhance their adaptability with a higher level of stiffness and degrees-of-freedom. The developed smart actuation system utilizes both conventional hydraulic and magnetorheological (MR) fluid actuation technologies. Electromagnetic finite element analyses were conducted to design the electromagnetic circuit of the smart actuator. A prototype of the developed actuation system was manufactured, and its performance was assessed using a dedicated experimental arrangement, which was found to agree well with the results obtained using a Bingham plastic theoretical model. Finally, the present design of the developed smart actuation system permits an angulation of about 90° and a maximum force output in excess of 100 N, generated under a magnetic excitation of about 1.2 Tesla, which should be sufficient to resist torques of up to 500 mNm.
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Filatova, Nataliia. "Smart contracts from the contract law perspective: outlining new regulative strategies." International Journal of Law and Information Technology 28, no. 3 (2020): 217–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ijlit/eaaa015.
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Abstract Smart contracts nowadays start being widely used in various areas of economic and social life. In most cases smart contracts are somehow related to legal contracts: the former may constitute part of a legal contract, an entire contract, or be used to automate a contract performance. Meanwhile, a question whether modern contract law is applicable to smart contracts is rather debatable, since smart contracts initially were designed to rely only on technical rules embedded in blockchain and considered as self-sufficient instruments capable of addressing various issues which may emerge in practice. However, practice has shown that technical regulation does not often cope with the problems one may face when using smart contracts, which confirms the need for legal regulation. Although smart contracts have many technical peculiarities, they do not make application of contract law provisions totally impossible. Thus, what the modern contract law needs is a set of special rules applicable to the practice of smart contracting.
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Artale, Giovanni, Giuseppe Caravello, Antonio Cataliotti, Valentina Cosentino, Dario Di Cara, Nunzio Dipaola, Salvatore Guaiana, Nicola Panzavecchia, Marilena G. Sambataro, and Giovanni Tinè. "PQ and Harmonic Assessment Issues on Low-Cost Smart Metering Platforms: A Case Study." Sensors 20, no. 21 (November 7, 2020): 6361. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20216361.
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This paper presents a feasibility study on how to implement power quality (PQ) metrics in a low-cost smart metering platform. The study is aimed at verifying the possibility of implementing PQ monitoring in distribution networks without replacing existing smart metering devices or adding new modules for PQ measurements, thus zeroing the installation costs. To this aim, an electronic board, currently used for remote energy metering, was chosen as a case study, specifically the STCOMET platform. Starting from the specifications of this device, the possibility of implementing power quality metrics is investigated in order to verify if compliance with standard requirements for PQ instruments can be obtained. Issues related to device features constraints are discussed; possible solutions and correction algorithms are presented and experimentally verified for different PQ metrics with a particular focus on harmonic analysis. The feasibility study takes into account both the use of on-board voltage and current transducers for low voltage applications and also the impact of external instrument transformers on measurement results.
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Papantoniou, Alexandros A. "Smart Contracts in the New Era of Contract Law." Digital Law Journal 1, no. 4 (December 30, 2020): 8–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.38044/2686-9136-2020-1-4-8-24.
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This essay examines whether smart contract innovation is capable of displacing the orthodox adherence to traditional contracts. This examination is underpinned by an analysis of the legality of smart contracts, through which it is exemplified that smart contracts ought to be considered legally binding instruments. The essay proceeds to explore the superiority of smart contracting on a technical and theoretical basis. The advantages generated through smart contract automaticity and enforceability present a concrete basis for undermining reliance on traditional contracts. Blockchain Technology also enhances the benefits of smart contracts by acting as a smart contract enabler through guaranteed performance and enforceability. Nevertheless, such novel technologies inevitably suffer from several shortcomings. This essay considers examples which illustrate the inflexibility of smart contracting. Apart from being susceptible to hacking and code exploitation, smart contracting is unable to deal with ambiguities and potential modifications. Overall, this suggests that the advantages of smart contract practice are currently confined to some specified limited scenarios. Smart contracts perform a different function to traditional contracting by merely guaranteeing technical enforceability as opposed to legal enforceability. This essay thus concludes that, for the time being, it is best to regard smart contracting as a supplement to traditional contracts rather than an outright displacement.
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Atiri, Sylvester Ororume, Victoria Lemo Ipietegha, and Olakunle Popoola. "UNDERSTANDING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SELF REGULATION AND SMART PHONE ADDICTION AMONG UNDERGRADUATES OF THE UNIVERSITY OF LAGOS, NIGERIA." Caleb Journal of Social and Management Science 5, no. 2 (December 31, 2020): 175–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.26772/cjsms2020050204.
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The study examined self-regulation of smart phone addiction among undergraduate students in the University of Lagos. The study involved a cross sectional survey of 248 undergraduates, 132 females and 116 male students. A paper and pencil self- report questionnaire which included questions on participants’ demographics and two standardized psychological instruments namely Self-Regulation Questionnaire developed by Kanfer (1970) and the Smart Phone Addiction Scale (SPAS) by Young and Leung, (2008) was used to gather data. The result established a statistically significant relationship between self-regulation and smart phone addiction (r=0.265, p=0.000, p<0.01, 2 tailed). The finding also showed that there was no statistically significant difference between female and male students to smart phone addiction t(246) = -0.647, P>0.05; this implies that neither the male or female respondents reported a higher level smart phone addiction. The study concluded that self-regulation influences addiction to smart phones among undergraduate students.
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Kaur, Kamalpreet, and Mandeep Kaur. "Differentiating Adopters and Non-adopters of Smart Cards: Comparative Analysis of Public, Private and Foreign Sector Banks in India." Vikalpa: The Journal for Decision Makers 38, no. 3 (July 2013): 67–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0256090920130305.
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Progressive development in the field of information technology (IT) has brought in remarkable changes in the products as well as methods of payment and settlement system in the banking sector. In India, various types of payment systems are functioning apart from the traditional payment systems where the instruments are physically exchanged and settled manually. Smart cards are a new form of retail payment instrument, installed to facilitate retail transactions through electronic means. In 1999, the Reserve Bank of India issued guidelines to the banks regarding introduction and usage of smart cards. Smart cards are currently being issued by several banks in India which have tied up with Financial Information Network and Operations Ltd. (FINO). The IDBI bank has introduced its smart card called MoneySmart; Corporation Bank has issued CorpSmart; and Bank of India has issued its e-purse cards. PNB, SBI, ABN Amro, ICICI Bank, Bank of Baroda and some other banks have also launched smart card-based banking solutions (Kaur & Kaur, 2008). The main objective of this study is to identify the factors that may vary between the adopters and the non-adopters of smart cards in Indian banks. Banks that have adopted the cards may have different characteristics from those that have not yet adopted the cards. In other words, with the exploration of various characteristics of the banks, the study tries to differentiate between the adopter and non-adopter categories of the banks regarding smart cards with respect to their profitability, size, competitive advantage, efficiency, asset quality, financing pattern, diversification, cost of operations, etc. The empirical results evidently reveal that the banks providing smart cards differ in their characteristics from that of the banks that have not yet adopted it. It shows that the banks that adopted smart cards are larger in size, more efficient, pay lesser wages, and have more industry advantage and thus, in terms of some characteristics, outperform the non-adopter banks.