Journal articles: 'Smart hearing aid'

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Jarng. "Acoustic Wireless Communication from Smart Phone to Hearing Aid." Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea 34, no. 2 (2015): 091. http://dx.doi.org/10.7776/ask.2015.34.2.091.

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Nossier, Soha A., M. R. M. Rizk, Nancy Diaa Moussa, and Saleh el Shehaby. "Enhanced smart hearing aid using deep neural networks." Alexandria Engineering Journal 58, no. 2 (June 2019): 539–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aej.2019.05.006.

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Li, Yingdan, Fei Chen, Zhuoyi Sun, Zhaoyang Weng, Xian Tang, Hanjun Jiang, and Zhihua Wang. "A Smart Binaural Hearing Aid Architecture Based on a Mobile Computing Platform." Electronics 8, no. 7 (July 20, 2019): 811. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics8070811.

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This paper presents a new structure for hearing aids. Normally, the power consumption and user experience are contradictory. The proposed hearing aid structure mainly consists of three parts: the earpieces, the mobile computing platform, and the real-time speech-enhancement application. It can run complex algorithms without carrying out heavy calculations on the processors in the hearing aid. Thus, the binaural algorithm is utilized without being limited by complexity and power consumption to improve the user experience. Moreover, the speech-enhancement algorithm can be updated much more easily than in traditional built-in digital signal process hearing aids. A good level of user experience is achieved by combining the hearing aid and mobile computing platform with a 400-MHz transceiver; furthermore, the 400-MHz transceiver can reduce path loss around the body. The concept verification process showed that the overall usage of the central processing unit in the smartphone is around 16%, the signal-to-noise ratios show at least a 30% improvement in some environments, and the whole system delay is 8.8 ms. The presented objective and subjective results show significant improvements regarding user experience and usability brought about by the proposed structure.

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Sudharsan, Bharath, and Manigandan Chockalingam. "A Microphone Array and Voice Algorithm based Smart Hearing Aid." International Journal of Computer Applications 178, no. 41 (August 19, 2019): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.5120/ijca2019919295.

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McGreal, Rory. "Hearables: eLearning in the Workplace." EDEN Conference Proceedings, no. 1 (June 16, 2019): 97–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.38069/edenconf-2019-ac-0012.

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Hearables, a term first coined by Hunn (2014), are wireless smart micro-computers with artificial intelligence that incorporate both speakers and microphones. They fit in the ears and can connect to the internet and to other devices; they are designed to be worn daily. These devices, such as the Bragi Dash, Vinci and Bose Hearphone are now appearing on the market, which is expected to exceed $40 billion in the USA by 2020 (Omnicom, 2018). Hearables are not headphones, nor hearing aids, nor ear plugs, although they could take on the affordances of any of these devices (Banks, 2018). Headphones are designed for listening to music. Hearing aids are designed as an aid for the hearing impaired. Ear plugs reduce unwanted sounds by cancelling noise. Hearables offer comparable features and additionally provide users with a microphone and connectivity to the internet supporting telephony and personal digital assistant (PDA) services (Computational Thinkers, n.d.). Prior to 2017, in the USA, such devices required the approval of the Food and Drug Administration. This approval is no longer required for hearables, as they are no longer considered to be medical hearing aids (Over the Counter Hearing Aid Act, 2017). This paves the way for the expansion in the market of significantly lower-priced hearables, undercutting the expensively-priced hearing aid market.

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Li, Yingdan, Fei Chen, Zhuoyi Sun, Junyu Ji, Wen Jia, and Zhihua Wang. "A Smart Binaural Hearing Aid Architecture Leveraging a Smartphone APP With Deep-Learning Speech Enhancement." IEEE Access 8 (2020): 56798–810. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2982212.

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Mehrotra, Tushar, Neha Shukla, Tarunika Chaudhary, Gaurav Kumar Rajput, Majid Altuwairiqi, and Mohd Asif Shah. "Improved Frame-Wise Segmentation of Audio Signals for Smart Hearing Aid Using Particle Swarm Optimization-Based Clustering." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2022 (May 5, 2022): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/1182608.

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Labeling speech signals is a critical activity that cannot be overlooked in any of the early phases of designing a system based on speech technology. For this, an efficient particle swarm optimization (PSO)-based clustering algorithm is proposed to classify the speech classes, i.e., voiced, unvoiced, and silence. A sample of 10 signal waves is selected, and their audio features are extracted. The audio signals are then partitioned into frames, and each frame is classified by using the proposed PSO-based clustering algorithm. The performance of the proposed algorithm is evaluated using various performance metrics such as accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity that are examined. Extensive experiments reveal that the proposed algorithm outperforms the competitive algorithms. The average accuracy of the proposed algorithm is 97%, sensitivity is 98%, and specificity is 96%, which depicts that the proposed approach is efficient in detecting and classifying the speech classes.

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Gutenberg, Johanna, Panagiotis Katrakazas, Lyubov Trenkova, Louisa Murdin, Dario Brdarić, Nina Koloutsou, Katherine Ploumidou, Niels Henrik Pontoppidan, and Ariane Laplante-Lévesque. "Big Data for Sound Policies: Toward Evidence-Informed Hearing Health Policies." American Journal of Audiology 27, no. 3S (November 19, 2018): 493–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2018_aja-imia3-18-0003.

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Purpose The scarcity of health care resources calls for their rational allocation, including within hearing health care. Policies define the course of action to reach specific goals such as optimal hearing health. The process of policy making can be divided into 4 steps: (a) problem identification and issue recognition, (b) policy formulation, (c) policy implementation, and (d) policy evaluation. Data and evidence, especially Big Data, can inform each of the steps of this process. Big Data can inform the macrolevel (policies that determine the general goals and actions), mesolevel (specific services and guidelines in organizations), and microlevel (clinical care) of hearing health care services. The research project EVOTION applies Big Data collection and analysis to form an evidence base for future hearing health care policies. Method The EVOTION research project collects heterogeneous data both from retrospective and prospective cohorts (clinical validation) of people with hearing impairment. Retrospective data from clinical repositories in the United Kingdom and Denmark will be combined. As part of a clinical validation, over 1,000 people with hearing impairment will receive smart EVOTION hearing aids and a mobile phone application from clinics located in the United Kingdom and Greece. These clients will also complete a battery of assessments, and a subsample will also receive a smartwatch including biosensors. Big Data analytics will identify associations between client characteristics, context, and hearing aid outcomes. Results The evidence EVOTION will generate is relevant especially for the first 2 steps of the policy-making process, namely, problem identification and issue recognition, as well as policy formulation. EVOTION will inform microlevel, mesolevel, and macrolevel of hearing health care services through evidence-informed policies, clinical guidelines, and clinical care. Conclusion In the future, Big Data can inform all steps of the hearing health policy-making process and all levels of hearing health care services.

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Abdulhamid, Mohanad, and Ndiwa Chesebe. "On Sign Language Toolbox Aid." Land Forces Academy Review 25, no. 1 (March 1, 2020): 47–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/raft-2020-0007.

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AbstractThe world has been lately witnessing a landmark revolution in technology whereby more research and development is going into producing devices that are able to respond to human emotions, motions and behavior. These days, mobile phones are able to capture photos when the user is smiling or gesturing towards them. By making certain gestures, a user is able to control smart televisions and computers at the comfort of their homes, without the need of extra interface devices. The interaction between man and machines is being improved and made as natural as possible. More so, the application of hand gesture technology is finding use in making communication between people with hearing difficulties and those without, possible. This research presents the techniques that have made this possible. Most of these techniques however are in development stages. This is because of the significant challenges faced in providing this solution. First, there are over 30,000 sign language gestures which is quite a headache when trying to integrate them into a recognition system. Secondly, despite the fact that there are standard ways of making the sign language gestures, people have variations to them. Developers hence have to make allowance for these variations and in effect compromise on the accuracy of the system. This research evaluates the various algorithms developed, and tries to propose an algorithm that strikes the best balance between accuracy and allowance for variations in the sign language gestures.

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Lavy, Jeremy, and Fiona McClenaghan. "Stapes Surgery in Patients with a Small Air-Bone Gap." Ear, Nose & Throat Journal 97, no. 7 (July 2018): 198–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/014556131809700709.

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The objective of this study was to determine hearing outcomes in patients undergoing stapes surgery with a preoperative air-bone gap (ABG) <21.25 dB. Patients with a unilateral or bilateral preoperative ABG <21.25 dB undergoing primary stapes surgery were identified from a database of all stapes surgeries performed in a tertiary center over 15 years. A total of 254 ears met the inclusion criteria. The primary outcome measure was the degree of closure of the preoperative ABG. A secondary outcome measure was improvement in bone-conduction thresholds at 4 kHz. All patients underwent stapes surgery under local anesthesia. Ossicular reconstruction was achieved using a SMart 360 nitinol fluoroplastic piston (Gyrus ACMI, Inc.; South-borough, Mass.), and complete posterior crurotomy was performed with a KTP laser. Hearing was assessed with clinical voice testing immediately postoperatively and with pure-tone audiometry at 6 weeks postoperatively. A total of 248 ears (97.6%) demonstrated ABG closure to <10 dB. Bone-conduction thresholds showed an increase in 114 (44.9%), no change 74 (29.1%), and a decrease in 66 (26.0%). There is a slight increase in the risk of stapes mobilization in ears with a small ABG when compared to those with larger ABGs; however, this can be overcome by using a laser-assisted technique in combination with good surgical experience. The benefit in terms of hearing aid avoidance and the restoration of symmetrical hearing is both achievable and significant for the patient.

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Kostic, Emilija, Kiyoung Kwak, and Dongwook Kim. "Association of Posture, Gait, and Auditory Functioning with Cognitive Status in a Cohort of Community-Dwelling Older Adults." Applied Sciences 11, no. 21 (October 25, 2021): 9970. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11219970.

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Postural stability, hearing, and gait function deterioration are the risk factors associated with cognitive impairment. Although no method has been reported for treating severe cognitive impairment to date, developing an early detection model based on these risk factors could aid in slowing down or even reversing the deterioration process. In this study, the association between cognitive impairment and the combined predictive ability of sensory and gait features was assessed. Fifty-seven healthy community-dwelling men over the age of sixty-five participated in cognitive, postural stability, auditory, and level walking evaluations. They were divided into two groups: healthy control group (n = 39) and lower cognition group (n = 18), based on their Montreal cognitive assessment score. During gait, the center of mass of the cognitively impaired participants was confined to a smaller volume. Furthermore, the cognitively healthy participants were found to have better postural stability. Both groups possessed similar hearing ability; however, the cognitively impaired group made a significantly higher number of errors when repeating words or sentences. A logistic regression model utilizing each of these function quantifiers exhibited a high area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, suggesting excellent predictive ability. These models can be applied to smartphone or smart home healthcare technologies to detect the possibility of cognitive impairment, thus facilitating early detection.

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Dritsakis, Giorgos, Dimitris Kikidis, Nina Koloutsou, Louisa Murdin, Athanasios Bibas, Katherine Ploumidou, Ariane Laplante-Lévesque, Niels Henrik Pontoppidan, and Doris-Eva Bamiou. "Clinical validation of a public health policy-making platform for hearing loss (EVOTION): protocol for a big data study." BMJ Open 8, no. 2 (February 2018): e020978. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-020978.

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IntroductionThe holistic management of hearing loss (HL) requires an understanding of factors that predict hearing aid (HA) use and benefit beyond the acoustics of listening environments. Although several predictors have been identified, no study has explored the role of audiological, cognitive, behavioural and physiological data nor has any study collected real-time HA data. This study will collect ‘big data’, including retrospective HA logging data, prospective clinical data and real-time data via smart HAs, a mobile application and biosensors. The main objective is to enable the validation of the EVOTION platform as a public health policy-making tool for HL.Methods and analysisThis will be a big data international multicentre study consisting of retrospective and prospective data collection. Existing data from approximately 35 000 HA users will be extracted from clinical repositories in the UK and Denmark. For the prospective data collection, 1260 HA candidates will be recruited across four clinics in the UK and Greece. Participants will complete a battery of audiological and other assessments (measures of patient-reported HA benefit, mood, cognition, quality of life). Patients will be offered smart HAs and a mobile phone application and a subset will also be given wearable biosensors, to enable the collection of dynamic real-life HA usage data. Big data analytics will be used to detect correlations between contextualised HA usage and effectiveness, and different factors and comorbidities affecting HL, with a view to informing public health decision-making.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval was received from the London South East Research Ethics Committee (17/LO/0789), the Hippokrateion Hospital Ethics Committee (1847) and the Athens Medical Center’s Ethics Committee (KM140670). Results will be disseminated through national and international events in Greece and the UK, scientific journals, newsletters, magazines and social media. Target audiences include HA users, clinicians, policy-makers and the general public.Trial registration numberNCT03316287; Pre-results.

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Poynton-Smith, E., E. Colwill, and O. Sahota. "79 Do Medical Students Understand the Ward Environment? A Survey of Penultimate Year Medical Students Exploring How Well Healthcare Of Older People Placements Prepare Them for Working on Hospital Wards." Age and Ageing 49, Supplement_1 (February 2020): i25—i26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afz191.04.

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Abstract Medical students are expected to know how to function on hospital wards; i.e. where to find things, other Health Care Professionals’ (HCPs’) roles, and how to use certain items of equipment (GMC, 2018). This ward-based knowledge indicates that a student is ‘ward smart’.1 Whilst being ‘ward smart’ is key for many aspects of medicine, it is particularly important for students learning geriatric medicine: older patients (who make up around 42% of all inpatients)2 are more likely to have communication difficulties and to require assistance. However, formal teaching in this area seems to be somewhat neglected, with students being left to ‘pick up’ this knowledge as they go along.3,4 In our sample of 41 students in their penultimate year (most of whom were undertaking their Healthcare of Older People placement), 98% did not know how to turn on a hearing aid and only 24% knew what a Waterlow score was. Furthermore, 88% did not know how to read an oxygen flowmeter, and only 59% knew where the CPR lever on the bed was situated. This is a significant gap in knowledge: Students may not be as prepared to work in a ward environment as expected. Students felt that their understanding would be improved by teaching sessions, more time on wards, formal ward inductions, and shadowing other HCPs: only 41.5% had had a ward induction or introduction, and less than 20% had shadowed a nurse. We propose specific teaching/practical sessions for students during their Healthcare of Older People placement centred around patient communication and understanding the ward environment. References 1. Walker, Wallace, Mangera, & Gill, The Clinical Teacher, 2017, 14(5), 336–9. 2. NHS Digital, 2018. 3. Prince, Bozhuizen, Van der Vleuten, & Scherpbier, Medical Education 2005; 39(7):704–12. 4. Monrouxe, et al., BMJ Open 2017; 7(1):e013656.

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Xu, Bo. "Using New Media in Teaching English Reading and Writing for Hearing Impaired Students—Taking Leshan Special Education School as an Example." Theory and Practice in Language Studies 8, no. 6 (June 1, 2018): 588. http://dx.doi.org/10.17507/tpls.0806.05.

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Based on socio-cultural interactive mode, this paper attempts to teach reading and writing for hearing impaired students in senior high special education school via new media, such as multimedia technology, smart cell phone, Ipad ,wechat, Mooc, microblog, etc. which facilitates acquisition mode of hearing impaired students. This paper constructs an interactive mode in which teacher teaches hearing impaired students English reading and writing through multimedia in class on-line and students learn English via smart cell phone, Ipad, wechat, Mooc, Microblog off-line. The online and offline class constitutes a whole learning mode for them. Through this mode, this paper puts forward some strategies and methods to train reading and writing competence for hearing impaired students.

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Dysart, Joe. "Smart Earbuds." Hearing Journal 70, no. 3 (March 2017): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.hj.0000513790.21557.fc.

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Telles, Marcelo Josué, Renan Santos, Juarez Machado da Silva, Rodrigo da Rosa Righi, and Jorge Luis Victória Barbosa. "An intelligent model to assist people with disabilities in smart cities." Journal of Ambient Intelligence and Smart Environments 13, no. 4 (July 21, 2021): 301–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/ais-210606.

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Smart cities emergence has allowed a wide variety of technological services to metropolitan areas. These services can improve life quality, minimize environmental impacts, improve health service, improve security, and bear the increasing number of people in the cities. Life quality encompasses many subjects, and accessibility for People with Disabilities (PwD) is one. In this article, smart cities focused on helping PwD are called Assistive Smart Cities (ASCs). In this sense, the article proposes a Model for Assistive Smart Cities called MASC. Related works do not cover geographically broad areas, such as cities and metropolitan regions. Moreover, they are not generic in terms of disabilities and are usually intended only for one type of disability. Given this scenario, the MASC covers large regions and supports various disabilities, such as hearing, visual impairment, and limitation of lower limb movements. Unlike the related works, MASC uses the interactions of PwD to compose histories of contexts offered as services. MASC proposes an ontology-based on ubiquitous accessibility concepts. The model evaluation focused on performance, functionality, and usability. Performance and functionality evaluations were performed using data generated by a context simulator called Siafu and data from the Open Street Maps (OSM) platform. Usability was evaluated using a smart wheelchair prototype. The results of usability show 96% acceptance regarding ease of use and 98% regarding system utility. The results indicate that the model supports massive applications, managing information to generate trails. Besides, MASC provides services for different types of users, namely PwD, healthcare professionals, and public administration.

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Adrian, Angela, and Maureen Fischer. "Get Smart About Noise." ASHA Leader 18, no. 5 (May 2013): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/leader.app.18052013.30.

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Zeng, Fan-Gang. "Goodbye Google Glass, Hello Smart Earphones." Hearing Journal 69, no. 12 (December 2016): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.hj.0000511124.64048.c1.

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Asy Syifa, Nusa Intan, and Nukhbatul Bidayati Haka. "Developing islamic values-based biology smart cards for the eleventh-grade students of special school." JPBIO (Jurnal Pendidikan Biologi) 6, no. 2 (November 30, 2021): 207–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.31932/jpbio.v6i2.1298.

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Students with special needs require specific education services different from other students in general. This research aims to develop Islamic value-based biology smart cards media for students with hearing and visual impairments. Furthermore, this research also seeks to determine the feasibility and effectiveness of the developed learning media in improving students' learning motivation. This research employed the research and development method (R & D) with the development procedure proposed by Borg and Gall, which consists of nine stages. The research involved three experts in validating the product: a media expert, a material expert, and a language expert. Ten students with hearing impairment and ten students with visual impairment were selected as the research subjects. The validation findings from media experts are 98.5 percent, material experts' validation results are 97.32 percent, and linguists' validation results are 98.12 percent. The findings of the paired sample t-test were 0.00 < 0.05. As a result of the product trial, it can be determined that the developed Islamic value-based biology smart card media are feasible and effective in enhancing eleventh-grade special school students' motivation with hearing and visual impairments.

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Jagadeesh, Muppla, Mr P. Ajay Kumar Reddy, and Dr S. Nanda Kishor. "A Smart Assistance System for Visually Impaired People." International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering 10, no. 12 (October 30, 2021): 64–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijitee.k9463.10101221.

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Resolving the problems of individuals with Visual, Hearing, and Vocal Impairment through a solitary serving framework could be a tough task. Various current investigations focus on the resolution of the problems of 1 of them on top of challenges however not all. The work centers around chase down a noteworthy procedure that guides the externally weakened by permitting them to listen to what's self-addressed as text and it's accomplished by the tactic that catches the image through a camera and converts the content accessible as voice signals. This planned framework provides a path to people with Hearing weakening to image scan that is in morphology by discourse to message modification procedure and that we, in addition, provides a route to the vocally disabled to handle their voice by the guide of text to voice transformation strategy. each one of those 3 arrangements was regulated to be in an exceedingly solitary exceptional framework. each one of those exercises consists of the employment of Raspberry Pi. The outwardly barred individual's unit of measurement is helped by the cycle whereby the image to text and text to discourse is given by the Tesseract OCR (online character acknowledgment). The deaf individuals assist with the cycle of associate application that creates them grasp what the individual says is also shown attributable to the message. Vocally hindered individuals can pass on their message by text. Therefore totally different individuals will hear the message in an exceeding speaker.

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Chang, Ignacio, Juan Castillo, and Hector Montes. "Technology-Based Social Innovation: Smart City Inclusive System for Hearing Impairment and Visual Disability Citizens." Sensors 22, no. 3 (January 22, 2022): 848. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22030848.

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The multilayer technology integration of hardware and software will reduce the social inclusion gap and increase the support in case of an emergency for people with special needs at hearing and visual levels. This research shows a development based on Internet of Things to support people with visual disabilities (PwVD) for indoor and outdoor activities. The decision-making process is made at the operational, tactical, and strategic level, providing a safe place so people with visual and hearing special needs can make decisions, their families can make decisions, and the government authorities can make decisions in case of an emergency or even on a day-by-day basis. In the case of the authorities, the smart visualization of the data according to the information provided facilitates Comprehensive Disaster Risk Management (CDRM) and Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR). The main findings are based on the need to develop mobile applications, dashboard and web applications that are responsive to people with visual or hearing disabilities, and the need to develop an infrastructure of communication systems assisted by batteries and clean energy, and independent of the current telecommunications system, to allow greater reliability.

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Schönborn, Danielle, Faheema Mahomed Asmail, Karina C. De Sousa, Ariane Laplante-Lévesque, David R. Moore, Cas Smits, and De Wet Swanepoel. "Characteristics and Help-Seeking Behavior of People Failing a Smart Device Self-Test for Hearing." American Journal of Audiology 29, no. 3 (September 3, 2020): 365–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2020_aja-19-00098.

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Purpose This study investigated user characteristics, help-seeking behavior, and follow-up actions of people who failed an app-based digits-in-noise hearing screening test, considering their stage of change. Method Test and user characteristics of 3,092 listeners who failed the test were retrospectively analyzed. A posttest survey determining follow-up (verb) actions was sent to listeners who failed the test ( n = 1,007), of which 59 responded. Results The majority of listeners were in the precontemplation stage (75.5%). Age and stage of change were significant ( p < .05) predictors of the digits-in-noise speech recognition threshold (DIN SRT). Listeners in the precontemplation stage were significantly younger than in other stages ( p < .05). Posttest survey response rate was low (5.9%). Of those, most (82.4%) did not think they had a hearing loss. Only 13.6% followed up with an audiologist. Conclusion Older people presented with poorer DIN SRTs and were typically in a more advanced stage of change. The majority of those who did not follow up after failing the screening test did not believe they had a hearing loss. A combination of factors, including poor DIN SRT, older age, and a more advanced stage of change inclined participants to follow up with audiological care.

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Weng, Pei-Lin. "Motivate AAC Switch Practice With Smart-Home Tech." ASHA Leader 25, no. 2 (March 2020): 38–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/leader.hytt.25032020.38.

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Abbasianja, Hamidreza, Vahid Pourali Shadhy, and Amirhassan Beykian. "Developing a Smart Helmet Based on the Internet of Things to Manage Hearing Problems in the Construction Projects." Journal of Construction in Developing Countries 26, no. 2 (December 8, 2021): 231–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.21315/jcdc2021.26.2.11.

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Construction sites are renowned as the noisiest places that may cause hearing loss to workers. Lack of awareness about the level of harmful sounds causes more prevalence of hearing loss than other industries. This article intends to solve this issue by an innovative idea that is designing a wearable device called "smart helmet" (SH). The SH uses the concept of the Internet of things (IoT) for real-time monitoring workers' hearing health in construction sites. SH works online to send notifications in the presence of harmful sounds and offline due to storing data to analyse workers' health conditions. The results are divided into two sections: The first section presents the detail of the architecture, hardware and software of the SH and the second section offers a formula to convert noisy situations into allowable working time. By combining the proposed procedure and SH's prepared data, the allowable working time can be calculated for workers. The results of applying this device in practical projects show that steelworkers are more at risk than the others with exposure to 98 dB sounds.

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Westby, Carol. "Being Smart in a Diverse World." Communication Disorders Quarterly 29, no. 1 (November 2007): 7–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1525740108314867.

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This article reviews the concept of intelligence from different cultural perspectives and explains why the traditional approach to determining “who is smart” is inappropriate for students from culturally/linguistically diverse backgrounds and inadequate even for determining if mainstream students will be successful in daily living. The concept of successful intelligence is described and related to the components of cultural intelligence that are essential for professionals to function effectively in a diverse world. Strategies for promoting cultural intelligence in students are suggested.

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Srivastava, Sangeeta, Ashwani Varshney, Supriya Katyal, Ravneet Kaur, and Vibha Gaur. "A smart learning assistance tool for inclusive education." Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems 40, no. 6 (June 21, 2021): 11981–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jifs-210075.

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The government has established special schools to cater to the needs of children with disabilities but they are often segregated rather than receiving equitable opportunities. Artificial Intelligence has opened new ways to promote special education with advanced learning tools. These tools enable to adapt to a typical classroom set up for all the students with or without disabilities. To ensure social equity and the same classroom experience, a coherent solution is envisioned for inclusive education. This paper aims to propose a cost-effective and integrated Smart Learning Assistance (SLA) tool for Inclusive Education using Deep Learning and Computer Vision techniques. It comprises speech to text and sign language conversion for hearing impaired students, sign language to text conversion for speech impaired students, and Braille to text for communicating with visually impaired students. The tool assists differently-abled students to make use of various teaching-learning opportunities conferred to them and ensures convenient two-way communication with the instructor and peers in the classroom thus makes learning easier.

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Kothari, Prof S. B. "Survey on Smart Security Surveillance System." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. 12 (December 31, 2021): 219–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.39226.

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Abstract: As an integral part of the safety and security many organizations, video rental has established its value and benefits many times by providing immediate management of property, people, the environment and property. This project operates in the form of the Embedded Real-Time Surveillance System Based Raspberry Pi SBC for internal detection that enhances monitoring technology to provide critical safety in our lives as well as consistent performance and alert operation. The proposed security solution depends on our integration of cameras and motion detectors into a web application. Raspberry Pi operates and controls motion detectors and video cameras for remote hearing and monitoring, streams streaming video and recording for future playback. This research focuses on the development of a detection system that detects strangers and responds quickly by taking and transferring images to wireless modules based on owners. This Raspberry Pi program based on Smart Surveillance System provides a remote location monitoring concept. The proposed solution provides a fully functional, efficient and easy-to-use global solution. This project will also introduce the concept of motion detection and tracking using image processing. This type of technology is very important when it comes to surveillance and security. The live video stream will be used to show how things can be found and tracked. The detection and tracking process will be based on the pixel threshold. Keyword: Internet Of Things (IOT), Raspberry pi, Picamera, PIR Sensor, Dropbox.

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Huth, Markus E., Gerald R. Popelka, and Nikolas H. Blevins. "Comprehensive Measures of Sound Exposures in Cinemas Using Smart Phones." Ear and Hearing 35, no. 6 (2014): 680–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/aud.0000000000000076.

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Lee, Boon Giin, Teak-Wei Chong, and Wan-Young Chung. "Sensor Fusion of Motion-Based Sign Language Interpretation with Deep Learning." Sensors 20, no. 21 (November 2, 2020): 6256. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20216256.

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Sign language was designed to allow hearing-impaired people to interact with others. Nonetheless, knowledge of sign language is uncommon in society, which leads to a communication barrier with the hearing-impaired community. Many studies of sign language recognition utilizing computer vision (CV) have been conducted worldwide to reduce such barriers. However, this approach is restricted by the visual angle and highly affected by environmental factors. In addition, CV usually involves the use of machine learning, which requires collaboration of a team of experts and utilization of high-cost hardware utilities; this increases the application cost in real-world situations. Thus, this study aims to design and implement a smart wearable American Sign Language (ASL) interpretation system using deep learning, which applies sensor fusion that “fuses” six inertial measurement units (IMUs). The IMUs are attached to all fingertips and the back of the hand to recognize sign language gestures; thus, the proposed method is not restricted by the field of view. The study reveals that this model achieves an average recognition rate of 99.81% for dynamic ASL gestures. Moreover, the proposed ASL recognition system can be further integrated with ICT and IoT technology to provide a feasible solution to assist hearing-impaired people in communicating with others and improve their quality of life.

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Utsuki-Alexander, Taku, Jorge Rios-Martinez, Francisco A. Madera, and Humberto Pérez-Espinosa. "Towards an intelligent personal assistant for hearing impaired people." Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems 42, no. 5 (March 31, 2022): 4315–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jifs-219222.

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This work has been focused on the part of the population with hearing impairment who owns a dog and that worries about not listening the dog barks, specially when a risky situation is taking place at home. A survey was carried out on people with deafness problems to find out hazard situations which they are exposed at home. A system prototype was developed to be integrated as a component of ambient intelligence (AmI) for ambient assisted living (AAL) that serves to Hearing Impaired People (HIP). The prototype detects dog barks and notifies users through both a smart mobile app and a visual feedback. It consists of a connection between a Raspberry Pi 3 card and a ReSpeaker Mic Array v2.0 microphone array; a communication module with a smartphone was implemented, which displays written messages or vibrations when receiving notifications. The cylinder-shaped device was designed by the authors and sent it to 3D print with a resin material. The prototype recognized the barking efficiently by using a machine learning model based on Support Vector Machine technique. The prototype was tested with deaf people which were satisfied with precision, signal intensity, and activation of lights.

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Mohd Nawawi, MM, Khairul Azami Sidek, Amelia Wong Azman, and Fazli Mohd Nasir Nashrul. "Reliability of Electrocardiogram Signals during Feature Extraction Stage for Smart Textile Shirts." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2071, no. 1 (October 1, 2021): 012043. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2071/1/012043.

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Abstract Wearable smart textiles have garnered significant interest due to their high flexibility, reusability, convenience and ability to work on home-based, real-life and real-time monitoring. Wearable smart textiles are shirts with inbuilt textile sensors that enable electrocardiogram (ECG) data to be collected more comfortably and smoothly outside the laboratory and clinical environment for a continuous and longer duration for ECG data collection. However, the existing ECG wearable smart textile main challenge is maintaining the quality and reliability of data across multiple wearable smart textile shirts. Therefore, this research analyses the capability of ECG morphology during Feature Extraction stages for different wearable smart textile shirts. This paper reports the experiment conducted on eleven healthy volunteers, either wearing the Hexoskin smart shirt or the HeartIn Fit shirt or both. ECG data were recorded while they are doing normal daily routine activities for at least 45 minutes. The study demonstrates a significant possibility of reliability in Feature Extraction stages at different time instances among subject and wearable smart textiles shirts. With R peaks average between 0.543 to 1.194 mV and R-R interval average between 0.625 to 0.799 seconds, the study concludes that both wearable smart textiles do not significantly differ in Feature Extraction stages. Thus, both wearable smart textiles gave a significant result, although both are affected by their wearer’s motion artefacts during the shifting of body postures and the wearer’s body physical states. Furthermore, the ECG morphology in this study has yielded a promising result in real life and as on-the-go ECG smart textile biometric readiness for future explorations.

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Rodeghiero, Katie, Yingying Yuki Chen, Annika M. Hettmann, and Franceli L. Cibrian. "Let's Read: Designing a smart display application to support CODAS when learning spoken language." Avances en Interacción Humano-Computadora, no. 1 (November 30, 2021): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.47756/aihc.y6i1.80.

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Hearing children of Deaf adults (CODAs) face many challenges including having difficulty learning spoken languages, experiencing social judgment, and encountering greater responsibilities at home. In this paper, we present a proposal for a smart display application called Let's Read that aims to support CODAs when learning spoken language. We conducted a qualitative analysis using online community content in English to develop the first version of the prototype. Then, we conducted a heuristic evaluation to improve the proposed prototype. As future work, we plan to use this prototype to conduct participatory design sessions with Deaf adults and CODAs to evaluate the potential of Let's Read in supporting spoken language in mixed-ability family dynamics.

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Cristiano, Alessia, Stela Musteata, Sara De Silvestri, Valerio Bellandi, Paolo Ceravolo, Matteo Cesari, Domenico Azzolino, Alberto Sanna, and Diana Trojaniello. "Older Adults’ and Clinicians’ Perspectives on a Smart Health Platform for the Aging Population: Design and Evaluation Study." JMIR Aging 5, no. 1 (February 28, 2022): e29623. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/29623.

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Background Over recent years, interest in the development of smart health technologies aimed at supporting independent living for older populations has increased. The integration of innovative technologies, such as the Internet of Things, wearable technologies, artificial intelligence, and ambient-assisted living applications, represents a valuable solution for this scope. Designing such an integrated system requires addressing several aspects (eg, equipment selection, data management, analytics, costs, and users’ needs) and involving different areas of expertise (eg, medical science, service design, biomedical and computer engineering). Objective The objective of this study is 2-fold; we aimed to design the functionalities of a smart health platform addressing 5 chronic conditions prevalent in the older population (ie, hearing loss, cardiovascular diseases, cognitive impairments, mental health problems, and balance disorders) by considering both older adults’ and clinicians’ perspectives and to evaluate the identified smart health platform functionalities with a small group of older adults. Methods Overall, 24 older adults (aged >65 years) and 118 clinicians were interviewed through focus group activities and web-based questionnaires to elicit the smart health platform requirements. Considering the elicited requirements, the main functionalities of smart health platform were designed. Then, a focus group involving 6 older adults was conducted to evaluate the proposed solution in terms of usefulness, credibility, desirability, and learnability. Results Eight main functionalities were identified and assessed—cognitive training and hearing training (usefulness: 6/6, 100%; credibility: 6/6, 100%; desirability: 6/6, 100%; learnability: 6/6, 100%), monitoring of physiological parameters (usefulness: 6/6, 100%; credibility: 6/6, 100%; desirability: 6/6, 100%; learnability: 5/6, 83%), physical training (usefulness: 6/6, 100%; credibility: 6/6, 100%; desirability: 5/6, 83%; learnability: 2/6, 33%), psychoeducational intervention (usefulness: 6/6, 100%; credibility: 6/6, 100%; desirability: 4/6, 67%; learnability: 2/6, 33%), mood monitoring (usefulness: 4/6, 67%; credibility: 4/6, 67%; desirability: 3/6, 50%; learnability: 5/6, 50%), diet plan (usefulness: 5/6, 83%; credibility: 4/6, 67%; desirability: 1/6, 17%; learnability: 2/6, 33%), and environment monitoring and adjustment (usefulness: 1/6, 17%; credibility: 1/6, 17%; desirability: 0/6, 0%; learnability: 0/6, 0%). Most of them were highly appreciated by older participants, with the only exception being environment monitoring and adjustment. The results showed that the proposed functionalities met the needs and expectations of users (eg, improved self-management of patients’ disease and enhanced patient safety). However, some aspects need to be addressed (eg, technical and privacy issues). Conclusions The presented smart health platform functionalities seem to be able to meet older adults’ needs and desires to enhance their self-awareness and self-management of their medical condition, encourage healthy and independent living, and provide evidence-based support for clinicians’ decision-making. Further research with a larger and more heterogeneous pool of stakeholders in terms of demographics and clinical conditions is needed to assess system acceptability and overall user experience in free-living conditions.

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Chang, Victor, Yuanyuan Wang, and Gary Wills. "Research investigations on the use or non-use of hearing aids in the smart cities." Technological Forecasting and Social Change 153 (April 2020): 119231. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2018.03.002.

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Kim, Minho, Youngim Jung, and Hyuk-Chul Kwon. "Korean Prosody Phrase Boundary Prediction Model for Speech Synthesis Service in Smart Healthcare." Electronics 10, no. 19 (September 28, 2021): 2371. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10192371.

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Speech processing technology has great potential in the medical field to provide beneficial solutions for both patients and doctors. Speech interfaces, represented by speech synthesis and speech recognition, can be used to transcribe medical documents, control medical devices, correct speech and hearing impairments, and assist the visually impaired. However, it is essential to predict prosody phrase boundaries for accurate natural speech synthesis. This study proposes a method to build a reliable learning corpus to train prosody boundary prediction models based on deep learning. In addition, we offer a way to generate a rule-based model that can predict the prosody boundary from the constructed corpus and use the result to train a deep learning-based model. As a result, we have built a coherent corpus, even though many workers have participated in its development. The estimated pairwise agreement of corpus annotations is between 0.7477 and 0.7916 and kappa coefficient (K) between 0.7057 and 0.7569. In addition, the deep learning-based model based on the rules obtained from the corpus showed a prediction accuracy of 78.57% for the three-level prosody phrase boundary, 87.33% for the two-level prosody phrase boundary.

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Diong, Huey Ting, Richard Neitzel, and William Hal Martin. "Spatial evaluation of environmental noise with the use of participatory sensing system in Singapore." Noise Mapping 8, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 236–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/noise-2021-0019.

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Abstract Existing studies in Singapore on environmental noise are scarce and limited in scale due to the need for expensive equipment and sophisticated modelling expertise. This study presents the approach of using participatory sensing and mobile phones to monitor environmental sound levels around Singapore. iPhones running the AmbiCiti application was adopted to sample equivalent continuous 30-second average outdoor sound levels (LAeq ,30 sec). The aggregated mean of each region was evaluated and the spatial distribution of environmental noise was analysed using noise maps generated from the measurement data. A total of 18,768 LAeq ,30 sec measurements were collected over ten weeks. About 93.6% of the daytime measurements (07:00 – 19:00) exceeded the WHO recommended level of 55 dBA to minimise negative non-auditory health effects due to noise. The results of this study suggest that the population of Singapore is potentially at risk of adverse non-auditory health effects and, to a lesser extent, hearing loss due to community noise levels. However, the measurements exceeding 70 dBA were frequent enough to warrant concern about contributions to the cumulative lifetime sound exposure contributing to hearing loss. The work also demonstrates that sound maps of an area can be efficiently generated using calibrated applications running on smart phones.

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Hernandez-Jayo, Unai, and Amaia Goñi. "ZARATAMAP: Noise Characterization in the Scope of a Smart City through a Low Cost and Mobile Electronic Embedded System." Sensors 21, no. 5 (March 2, 2021): 1707. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21051707.

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Like other sources of pollution, noise is considered to be one of the main concerns of citizens, due to its invisibility and the potential harm it can cause. Noise pollution could be considered as one of the biggest quality-of-life concerns for urban residents in big cities, mainly due to the high levels of noise to which they may be exposed. Such levels have proven effects on health, such as: sleep disruption, hypertension, heart disease, and hearing loss. In a scenario where the number of people concentrated in cities is increasing, tools are needed to quantify, monitor, characterize, and quantify noise levels. This paper presents the ZARATAMAP project, which combines machine learning techniques with a geo-sensing application so that the authorities can have as much information as possible, using a low-cost embedded and mobile node, that is easy to deploy, develop, and use.

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Amin, Muhammad Saad, Syed Tahir Hussain Rizvi, and Md Murad Hossain. "A Comparative Review on Applications of Different Sensors for Sign Language Recognition." Journal of Imaging 8, no. 4 (April 2, 2022): 98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jimaging8040098.

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Sign language recognition is challenging due to the lack of communication between normal and affected people. Many social and physiological impacts are created due to speaking or hearing disability. A lot of different dimensional techniques have been proposed previously to overcome this gap. A sensor-based smart glove for sign language recognition (SLR) proved helpful to generate data based on various hand movements related to specific signs. A detailed comparative review of all types of available techniques and sensors used for sign language recognition was presented in this article. The focus of this paper was to explore emerging trends and strategies for sign language recognition and to point out deficiencies in existing systems. This paper will act as a guide for other researchers to understand all materials and techniques like flex resistive sensor-based, vision sensor-based, or hybrid system-based technologies used for sign language until now.

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Husin, Mohd Heikal, and Yang Kwang Lim. "InWalker: smart white cane for the blind." Disability and Rehabilitation: Assistive Technology 15, no. 6 (November 15, 2019): 701–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17483107.2019.1615999.

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Lezzoum, Narimene, Ghyslain Gagnon, and Jérémie Voix. "Noise reduction of speech signals using time-varying and multi-band adaptive gain control for smart digital hearing protectors." Applied Acoustics 109 (August 2016): 37–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apacoust.2016.03.001.

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Smith, Elizabeth, Petroc Sumner, Craig Hedge, and Georgina Powell. "Smart speaker devices can improve speech intelligibility in adults with intellectual disability." International Journal of Language & Communication Disorders 56, no. 3 (March 27, 2021): 583–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1460-6984.12615.

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Tsaloukidis, Nikolaos, Vassiliki Michopoulou, Dimitrios Zarakovitis, and Athina Lazakidou. "Design and development of e-learning materials for cardiopulmonary resuscitation." British Journal of Healthcare Management 25, no. 8 (August 2, 2019): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/bjhc.2018.0077.

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Background/Aims There are a number of educational programmes that teach life support skills to the whole population. A number of these programmes are now taught using smart technologies. This study aimed to develop interactive electronic training materials for cardiopulmonary resuscitation training in Greece. Methods The online programming tool, Articulate Storyline 2, was used to generate an online training course. Discussion These materials needed to include Sign Language in order to communicate cardiopulmonary resuscitation training. The material consists of nine educational sessions, including video-teaching, interactive questions and evaluation tests. The majority of the programmes were adjusted to include Sign Language options, so people with hearing defects can also be taught. The above material will be uploaded on a distance-learning platform and will be evaluated for its efficacy and friendliness. Results It is hoped that the materials will be used for the mass training of the general population as well as health professionals.

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Jorgensen, Lindsey E., and Rachel E. Barrett. "Case Study Comparison: Limitations in Telehealth Relating to Poverty and Family Support." Seminars in Hearing 42, no. 02 (May 2021): 158–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1731696.

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AbstractTelehealth appointments have grown in popularity due to the COVID-19 global pandemic. Three cases presented in this article show several different perspectives where telehealth was utilized. For the first patient, appointments were successfully completed via telehealth; however, the patient's family opted to continue with an unsecure internet connection at a local laundromat. For the second patient, a stable internet connection could not be obtained in his home, thus making telehealth appointments unavailable. The caregiver of this patient ended up driving to the clinic to have adjustments made in person. For the third patient, telehealth appointments were unavailable due to unstable internet connections as well as difficulty setting up video interpreting services. These cases highlight the idea that telehealth can be incredibly beneficial, when used correctly. For some, the option to attend appointments virtually gives them access to specialists that otherwise may not be available. For other patients, aspects such as access to smart devices and steady internet access must be considered to ensure a successful connection. The hope is that this article sheds light on some of the potential setbacks that can come from the use of telehealth appointments in a practice and provides discussion regarding for whom telehealth may be appropriate, even in pediatric patients. After reading this article, readers should be able to discuss ways in which there could be solutions for these barriers that may prevent some patients from utilizing these types of virtual appointments.

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Bettarello, Federica, Marco Caniato, Giuseppina Scavuzzo, and Andrea Gasparella. "Indoor Acoustic Requirements for Autism-Friendly Spaces." Applied Sciences 11, no. 9 (April 27, 2021): 3942. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11093942.

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The architecture of spaces for people on the autistic spectrum is evolving toward inclusive design, which should fit the requirements for independent, autonomous living, and proper support for relatives and caregivers. The use of smart sensor systems represents a valuable support to internal design in order to achieve independent living for impaired people. Accordingly, these devices can monitor or prevent hazardous situations, ensuring security and privacy. Acoustic sensor systems, for instance, could be used in order to realize a passive monitoring system. The correct functioning of such devices needs optimal indoor acoustic criteria. Nevertheless, these criteria should also comply with dedicated acoustic requests that autistic individuals with hearing impairment or hypersensitivity to sound could need. Thus, this research represents the first attempt to balance, integrate, and develop these issues, presenting (i) a wide literature overview related to both topics, (ii) a focused analysis on real facility, and (iii) a final optimization, which takes into account, merges, and elucidates all the presented unsolved issues.

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Doig, Emmah J., and Amanda T. Lane-Brown. "Responsiveness of Instruments to Assess Disorders of Consciousness: A Literature Review." Brain Impairment 13, no. 3 (December 2012): 285–315. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/brimp.2012.29.

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Objectives: To summarise available evidence for responsiveness of six key assessments used with patients with disorders of consciousness: Coma Recovery Scale – Revised (CRS-R), Disorders Of Consciousness Scale (DOCS), Sensory Modality Assessment and Rehabilitation Technique (SMART), Sensory Stimulation Assessment Measure (SSAM), Wessex Head Injury Matrix (WHIM), and the Western Neuro Sensory Stimulation Profile (WNSSP).Method: A literature search of five electronic databases was conducted using a systematic search strategy. Relevant literature was evaluated and pertinent information extracted.Results: Database searches using key terms initially yielded 132 articles. Following review for inclusion identified 24 articles. No studies were specifically designed to investigate responsiveness of any of the measures and therefore responsiveness data were either based on statistical significance of change post-treatment or descriptive analysis of change scores. The majority of studies identified used the CRS-R (n= 11), WHIM (n= 5) and WNSSP (n= 6) and have established responsiveness to change. There is some preliminary evidence for the responsiveness of the other measures, based on very few available studies: DOCS (n= 2), SMART (n= 1) or SSAM (n= 1).Conclusion: Future studies should seek to include responsiveness analysis, particularly in relation to the DOCS, SMART and SSAM.

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Noda, Kenichiro. "Google Home: smart speaker as environmental control unit." Disability and Rehabilitation: Assistive Technology 13, no. 7 (August 23, 2017): 674–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17483107.2017.1369589.

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Lee, Hyun Jung, Min Kyung Kang, and Young Tae Kim. "Current Practice and Support Needs in Smart Media Perceived by the Mothers of Children with Communication Difficulties." Communication Sciences & Disorders 18, no. 2 (June 30, 2013): 163–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.12963/csd.13016.

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Biberger, Thomas, Henning Schepker, Florian Denk, and Stephan D. Ewert. "Instrumental Quality Predictions and Analysis of Auditory Cues for Algorithms in Modern Headphone Technology." Trends in Hearing 25 (January 2021): 233121652110012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/23312165211001219.

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Smart headphones or hearables use different types of algorithms such as noise cancelation, feedback suppression, and sound pressure equalization to eliminate undesired sound sources or to achieve acoustical transparency. Such signal processing strategies might alter the spectral composition or interaural differences of the original sound, which might be perceived by listeners as monaural or binaural distortions and thus degrade audio quality. To evaluate the perceptual impact of these distortions, subjective quality ratings can be used, but these are time consuming and costly. Auditory-inspired instrumental quality measures can be applied with less effort and may also be helpful in identifying whether the distortions impair the auditory representation of monaural or binaural cues. Therefore, the goals of this study were (a) to assess the applicability of various monaural and binaural audio quality models to distortions typically occurring in hearables and (b) to examine the effect of those distortions on the auditory representation of spectral, temporal, and binaural cues. Results showed that the signal processing algorithms considered in this study mainly impaired (monaural) spectral cues. Consequently, monaural audio quality models that capture spectral distortions achieved the best prediction performance. A recent audio quality model that predicts monaural and binaural aspects of quality was revised based on parts of the current data involving binaural audio quality aspects, leading to improved overall performance indicated by a mean Pearson linear correlation of 0.89 between obtained and predicted ratings.

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Rengifo, Andres F., Sofía G. Flores, and Ashley N. Jackson. "From Bright Plots to Blind Spots: Mapping Departures in Case Review Post-Bail Reform in Two New Jersey Courts." Criminal Justice and Behavior 48, no. 1 (September 25, 2020): 96–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0093854820960504.

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This study documents the extent to which prosecutors and judges in New Jersey deviate from new case review protocols post-bail reform. We draw on a random sample of hearings observed in two courts ( N = 372) to (a) map prosecutorial requests to depart from risk-based recommendations for pretrial monitoring and (b) explore patterns in judicial review signaling more limited case processing. Findings show that in 16% of cases, prosecutors deviated from guidelines and most of these motions were adopted by judges to increase supervision. Deviations from process by judges were more frequent, with 39% of cases observed linked to one or more markers of reduced review. Multivariate results suggest that case-level factors influenced the patterning of these departures in different ways, with older defendants and most Latinx defendants receiving a more limited assessment of their cases. We discuss findings in connection to literature on corrections reform and smart decarceration initiatives.

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Yu, Zhiyuan, Doudou Jin, Xiaoxiao Song, Chao Zhai, and Desheng Wang. "Internet of Vehicle Empowered Mobile Media Scenarios: In-Vehicle Infotainment Solutions for the Mobility as a Service (MaaS)." Sustainability 12, no. 18 (September 10, 2020): 7448. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12187448.

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Recently, the commercial potentials and practical values of Mobility as a Service (MaaS) have been witnessed for sustainable development of smart cities in the field of intelligent transportation. Driven by the Internet of Vehicles (IoV), vehicles gradually become mobile living spaces to satisfy diverse demands of occupants, where the media functionalities, scenario scopes, and user engagements can be all expended dramatically. In the era of 5G/B5G, the intelligent connected vehicles are considered as super media because of the improved In-Vehicle Infotainment (IVI). In this paper, relying on the advanced communication and intelligent techniques, we investigate the IoV-based vehicle-mounted media scenarios and construct IVI solutions for the MaaS. Firstly, we propose the characteristics of vehicle-mounted media scenarios and present the IVI evolution from the aspects of hearing, vision and multi-sensory media services. Secondly, we point out the main features and limitations of IoV-based IVI in 3G/4G. Finally, exploring the potential of super media, both the linkage display and IVI collaborative modes in vehicle-centric media scenarios are introduced as IVI solutions for the MaaS in 5G-V2X and beyond, which intend to further improve the audio-visual experiences of occupants and observers in urban environments.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Smart hearing aid'

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