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Journal articles on the topic 'Smart Disassembly'

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Author: Grafiati
Published: 1 April 2023

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1

Hu, Youxi, Chao Liu, Ming Zhang, Yu Jia, and Yuchun Xu. "A Novel Simulated Annealing-Based Hyper-Heuristic Algorithm for Stochastic Parallel Disassembly Line Balancing in Smart Remanufacturing." Sensors 23, no. 3 (February 2, 2023): 1652. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23031652.

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Remanufacturing prolongs the life cycle and increases the residual value of various end-of-life (EoL) products. As an inevitable process in remanufacturing, disassembly plays an essential role in retrieving the high-value and useable components of EoL products. To disassemble massive quantities and multi-types of EoL products, disassembly lines are introduced to improve the cost-effectiveness and efficiency of the disassembly processes. In this context, disassembly line balancing problem (DLBP) becomes a critical challenge that determines the overall performance of disassembly lines. Currently, the DLBP is mostly studied in straight disassembly lines using single-objective optimization methods, which cannot represent the actual disassembly environment. Therefore, in this paper, we extend the mathematical model of the basic DLBP to stochastic parallel complete disassembly line balancing problem (DLBP-SP). A novel simulated annealing-based hyper-heuristic algorithm (HH) is proposed for multi-objective optimization of the DLBP-SP, considering the number of workstations, working load index, and profits. The feasibility, superiority, stability, and robustness of the proposed HH algorithm are validated through computational experiments, including a set of comparison experiments and a case study of gearboxes disassembly. To the best of our knowledge, this research is the first to introduce gearboxes as a case study in DLBP which enriches the research on disassembly of industrial equipment.
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2

Liu, Zhi Feng, Liu Xian Zhao, Xin Yu Li, Hong Chao Zhang, and Huan Bo Cheng. "Research on Multi-Step Active Disassembly Method of Products Based on ADSM." Advanced Materials Research 139-141 (October 2010): 1428–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.139-141.1428.

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The electronic products continue to upgrade at present, how to recycle the discarded electronic products is one of the key research of green design. The method of active disassembly using smart material (ADSM) has acquired widespread concerns. For some products, there is a long distance between the internal active disassembly structure and shell, it needs a long time to reach to the stimulation temperature of internal active disassembly structure, and therefore, it is difficult to completely disassemble these discarded electric products by one step. Moreover, it is not conducive to recycling the material if the components and parts of the disassembly products are mixed together, and the efficiency of disassembly is very low. This paper puts forward multi-step active disassembly method of products, it gives specific procedures of classifying steps according to the principle of division, and it proves the feasibility and superiority of the multi-step active disassembly method of products by referring to mobile model.
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3

Chiodo, Joseph, and Nick Jones. "Smart materials use in active disassembly." Assembly Automation 32, no. 1 (February 17, 2012): 8–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/01445151211198683.

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4

Naskar, Sourenjit, Chumki Dalal, and Pradyut Ghosh. "Ion-pair coordination driven stimuli-responsive one-dimensional supramolecular helicate." Chemical Communications 53, no. 16 (2017): 2487–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7cc00262a.

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A new self-assembled ion-pair coordination driven one-dimensional (1D) smart supramolecular helical assembly is reported. Moreover, thermo- and chemo-responsive transformation/disassembly/reassembly of the helical superstructure was also demonstrated.
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5

Liu, Ma Bao, Xian Hui Wang, Qi Da Liu, and Hong Gao. "Application of Smart Coating Sensor in Crack Detection for Aircraft." Applied Mechanics and Materials 152-154 (January 2012): 554–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.152-154.554.

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A novel smart coating sensor, consisted of driving layer, sensing layer and protective layer, has been successfully developed, and it was utilized to detect crack initiation and growth in fatigue tests. The results show that the smart coating sensor can detect cracks above 300μm, corresponding to the increment of the sensing layer’s resistance at the level of 0.05Ω. Subsequently, the development of SCS is of importance significance in the substitution of an existed inspection that requires substantial disassembly and surface preparation, and, thus, can find numerous applications in difficult-to-access locations on commercial and military aircrafts.
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6

Liu, Zhifeng, Liuxian Zhao, Jun Zhong, Xinyu Li, and Huanbo Cheng. "Analysis of Mobile Phone Reliability Based on Active Disassembly Using Smart Materials." Journal of Surface Engineered Materials and Advanced Technology 01, no. 02 (2011): 80–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/jsemat.2011.12012.

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7

Chiodo, Joseph David, and Casper Boks. "Assessment of end-of-life strategies with active disassembly using smart materials." Journal of Sustainable Product Design 2, no. 1/2 (2002): 69–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/b:jspd.0000016422.01386.7c.

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8

Liu, Ma Bao, Bin Bin Li, Jiang Tao Li, and Yuan Yuan Lian. "Smart Coating Sensor Applied in Crack Detection for Aircraft." Applied Mechanics and Materials 330 (June 2013): 383–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.330.383.

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Monitoring fatigue cracking of large engineering structures is a costly and time-intensive process. The authors present a low-cost smart coating sensor (SCS) consisted of driving layer, sensing layer and protective layer typically that can detect crack initiation and growth. The results show that the smart coating sensor can detect cracks above 300μm, corresponding to the increment of the sensing layer’s electric resistance at the level of 0.05Ω. Therefore, the development of SCS is of importance significance in the substitution of an existed inspection that requires substantial disassembly and surface preparation, and, thus, can find numerous applications in difficult-to-access locations on aircrafts.
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9

Hickcox, K. S., and A. Smith. "Strategies for achieving circular economy goals in the lighting industry through design for disassembly-based methodologies." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1099, no. 1 (November 1, 2022): 012004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1099/1/012004.

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Abstract The significance of circular economy and its integration into core strategies for smart, sustainable, and inclusive growth, is increasingly being recognized by individuals, organisations, and nations in recent times. The term ‘Design for Disassembly’ may conjure up images about the end-of-life of a product or its disposal. However, design for disassembly connects to numerous circularity and sustainability goals over the lifetime of a product or project and can have a large impact on the carbon footprint of the product. ‘Design for Disassembly’ is a product development methodology which is in line with the vision of a circular economy, and supports increase in material efficiency, extends product lifetimes and improves recycling efficiency. Reduction of the imposed environmental risks and impact on the climate, by utilising circularity approaches such as remanufacturing, are tied to lowering of carbon footprint. This paper describes specific and actionable approaches that can be applied by luminaire manufacturers, specifiers, and other players in the lighting industry. The readers will learn about current tools and methodologies that can be used to improve iterative design, as well as measure, assess, and compare products or materials.
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10

An, Ruibing, Xiaoyang Cheng, Shixuan Wei, Yuxuan Hu, Yidan Sun, Zheng Huang, Hong‐Yuan Chen, and Deju Ye. "Smart Magnetic and Fluorogenic Photosensitizer Nanoassemblies Enable Redox‐Driven Disassembly for Photodynamic Therapy." Angewandte Chemie International Edition 59, no. 46 (September 2, 2020): 20636–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.202009141.

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An, Ruibing, Xiaoyang Cheng, Shixuan Wei, Yuxuan Hu, Yidan Sun, Zheng Huang, Hong‐Yuan Chen, and Deju Ye. "Smart Magnetic and Fluorogenic Photosensitizer Nanoassemblies Enable Redox‐Driven Disassembly for Photodynamic Therapy." Angewandte Chemie 132, no. 46 (September 2, 2020): 20817–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.202009141.

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12

Qin, Shuo. "Robot tangram assembly line based on vision." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2229, no. 1 (March 1, 2022): 012017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2229/1/012017.

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Abstract With the development of smart manufacturing technology, the cost of industrial robots is reduced and reliability enhanced. Applying several robots for automated production lines will be more popular. The extended application of industrial robots can improve the level of automation in industrial production and break the boundaries of technology and costs. The project focuses on "Tangram assembly line". This project takes "tangram assembly line" as the research object, and uses the kinematics model and path planning method of industrial robots to complete the identification, assembly and disassembly of tangram. "Tangram" simulated industrial products, based on two-dimensional vision to carry out image processing, identify the position and Angle of the object information, through writing robot program, the final completion of the object splicing and disassembly work. CoppeliaSim Edu software simulation results prove that the project can be efficient, high quality to complete the expected task.
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13

Chiodo, J. D., N. Jones, E. H. Billett, and D. J. Harrison. "Shape memory alloy actuators for active disassembly using ‘smart’ materials of consumer electronic products." Materials & Design 23, no. 5 (August 2002): 471–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0261-3069(02)00018-3.

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14

Zhu, Ruijin, Baofeng Zhang, Yu-an Tan, Jinmiao Wang, and Yueliang Wan. "Determining the Image Base of Smart Device Firmware for Security Analysis." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2020 (December 22, 2020): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8899193.

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The authorization mechanism of smart devices is mainly implemented by firmware, yet many smart devices have security issues about their firmware. Limited research has focused on securing the firmware of smart devices, although increasingly more smart devices are used to deal with the very sensitive applications, activities, and data of users. Thus, research on smart device firmware security is of growing importance. Disassembly is a common method for evaluating the security of authorization mechanisms. When disassembling firmware, the processor type of the running environment and the image base of the firmware should first be determined. In general, the processor type can be obtained by tearing down the device or consulting the product manual. However, it is not easy to determine the image base of firmware. Since the processors of many smart devices are ARM architectures, in this paper, we focus on firmware under the ARM architecture and propose an automated method for determining the image base. By studying the storage law of the jump table in the firmware of ARM-based smart devices, we propose an algorithm, named determining the image base by searching jump tables (DBJT), to determine the image base. The experimental results indicate that the proposed method can successfully determine the image base of firmware, which stores the absolute address in the jump table.
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15

Wei, Lin, You, Qian, Wang, and Bi. "Self-Assembly and Enzyme Responsiveness of Amphiphilic Linear-Dendritic Block Copolymers Based on Poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone) and Dendritic Phenylalanyl-lysine Dipeptides." Polymers 11, no. 10 (October 8, 2019): 1625. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym11101625.

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In this study, we present the synthesis, self-assembly, and enzyme responsive nature of a unique class of well-defined amphiphilic linear-dendritic block copolymers (PNVP-b-dendr(Phe-Lys)n, n = 1–3) based on linear poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone) (PNVP) and dendritic phenylalanyl-lysine (Phe-Lys) dipeptides. The copolymers were prepared via a combination ofreversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) /xanthates (MADIX) polymerization of N-vinylpyrrolidone and stepwise peptide chemistry. The results of fluorescence spectroscopy, 1H NMR analyses, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and particle size analysis demonstrated that the copolymers self-assemble in aqueous solution into micellar nanocontainers that can disassemble and release encapsulated anticancer drug doxorubicin or hydrophobic dye Nile red by trigger of a serine protease trypsin under physiological conditions. The disassembly of the formed micelles and release rates of the drug or dye can be adjusted by changing the generation of dendrons in PNVP-b-dendr(Phe-Lys)n. Furthermore, the cytocompatibility of the copolymers have been confirmed using human lung epithelial cells (BEAS-2B) and human liver cancer cells (SMMC-7721). Due to the fact of their enzyme responsive properties and good biocompatibility, the copolymers may have potential applicability in smart controlled release systems capable of site-specific response.
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16

Ye, Wanying, Xiaohui Chen, Xu Li, Yueming Liu, Fan Jia, Qiao Jin, and Jian Ji. "Structure-Switchable DNA Programmed Disassembly of Nanoparticles for Smart Size Tunability and Cancer-Specific Drug Release." ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 12, no. 20 (April 27, 2020): 22560–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsami.0c03957.

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17

Xu, Xianghui, Yunkun Li, Haiping Li, Rong Liu, Mingming Sheng, Bin He, and Zhongwei Gu. "Smart Nanovehicles Based on pH-Triggered Disassembly of Supramolecular Peptide-Amphiphiles for Efficient Intracellular Drug Delivery." Small 10, no. 6 (October 24, 2013): 1133–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/smll.201301885.

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18

Sun, Ya Wei. "Controlled Release of Hydrophilic Guest Molecules from Photoresponsive Nucleolipid Vesicles." Advanced Materials Research 912-914 (April 2014): 519–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.912-914.519.

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We here report a novel design and synthesis of a light-responsive nucleolipid by introducing an o-nitrobenzyl group that acts as a linker between a nucleotide and a lipid. The nucleolipid was applied readily to preparing smart vesicles and encapsulating hydrophilic guest molecules 5(6)-carboxyfluorescein (CF) in their inner aqueous phase. Upon light irradiation, their vesicular structure was disrupted as a result of the photolytic degradation of the nucleotide, resulting in CF release. Furthermore, temporally controlled CF release from these vesicles could be readily realized by turning on and off light. By demonstrating the molecular assembly and photo-disassembly cycle, this report aims to stimulate further research exploring practical applications of nucleolipids.
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19

PAUN, MARIUS-ADRIAN, ION VALENTIN GURGU, OCTAVIAN GABRIEL DUCA, and EUGENIA MINCA MINCA. "IMAGE PROCESSING METHOD BASED QUALITY TEST ON A SMART FLEXIBLE ASSEMBLY MECHATRONIC SYSTEM WITH COMPONENT RECOVERY." Journal of Science and Arts 20, no. 4 (December 30, 2020): 1037–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.46939/j.sci.arts-20.4-c05.

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. The article presents a new approach for image processing algorithms based on image processing techniques: edge detection, normal cross correlation (NCC) and M-estimator Sample Consensus (MASC). The new algorithm is integrated into the station dedicated to the quality test (QT) on a SMART flexible assembly mechatronic system with component recovery. As a result of the QT analysis, the manufacturing flow can continue with either the following operations: disassembly and recovery of components or transport and storage of good products. It is obvious the importance of implementing a high accuracy analysis function for products quality. The new algorithm increases the performance of the detection function both in terms of identification but also in the speed of QT execution. The results obtained in this article will be used in future research for the development of a machine vision system adapted to modern Industry 4.0 technologies, in which it will have the control structure specific to an integrated IoT sensor.
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20

Rocca, Roberto, Paolo Rosa, Claudio Sassanelli, Luca Fumagalli, and Sergio Terzi. "Integrating Virtual Reality and Digital Twin in Circular Economy Practices: A Laboratory Application Case." Sustainability 12, no. 6 (March 14, 2020): 2286. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12062286.

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The increasing awareness of customers toward climate change effects, the high demand instability affecting several industrial sectors, and the fast automation and digitalization of production systems are forcing companies to re-think their business strategies and models in view of both the Circular Economy (CE) and Industry 4.0 (I4.0) paradigms. Some studies have already assessed the relations between CE and I4.0, their benefits, and barriers. However, a practical demonstration of their potential impact in real contexts is still lacking. The aim of this paper is to present a laboratory application case showing how I4.0-based technologies can support CE practices by virtually testing a waste from electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) disassembly plant configuration through a set of dedicated simulation tools. Our results highlight that service-oriented, event-driven processing and information models can support the integration of smart and digital solutions in current CE practices at the factory level.
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Veske, Paula, Pieter Bauwens, Frederick Bossuyt, Tom Sterken, Joke Schuermans, and Jan Vanfleteren. "Development of a Stretchable Circuit and its Integration Method on Knit Fabrics for Lower Back Injury Prevention." Journal of Biomimetics, Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering 57 (July 22, 2022): 17–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-681g46.

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Advancements in wearable technology and smart textiles have also opened new possibilities in the sports and medical fields. One of the examples of a relevant application case can be found in cycling. This paper expands on previous research on stretchable electronics on knit fabrics. It describes the development of stretchable circuits for the lower back position and motion tracking to prevent back pain in recreational (road) cyclists by combining electrical and textile engineering with insights generated in rehabilitation sciences and sports physiotherapy. The research process included developing and testing of the functional circuit integrated into a cycling jersey. Thermoplastic polyurethane films were used for the textile integration process to achieve maximum comfort and after-life disassembly possibility. Reliability tests, e.g. washing (ISO 6330-2012) and tensile tests, were conducted. It is concluded that while mechanical stress during washing cycles remains a serious concern for reliability and durability, the use of water-repellent thermoplastic polyurethane sealing seriously reduces the damage caused by water and detergents.
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Yoon, Ho Young, Nguyen Thanh Phong, Eun‐Nam Joe, Sumin Kwon, Eun Ju Son, Kyoung‐Soon Jang, and Jong‐Rok Jeon. "Crop root Exudate Composition‐Dependent Disassembly of Lignin‐Fe‐Hydroxyapatite Supramolecular Structures: A Better Rhizosphere Sensing Platform for Smart Fertilizer Development." Advanced Sustainable Systems 5, no. 8 (May 31, 2021): 2100113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adsu.202100113.

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23

DRAGOMIR, OTILIA ELENA. "MODELLING AND SIMULATION OF DISTRIBUTED SYSTEMS USING INTELLIGENT MULTI-AGENTS." Journal of Science and Arts 22, no. 2 (June 30, 2022): 471–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.46939/j.sci.arts-22.2-a19.

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Among the challenges in the field of the paper we have identified the necessity of control methods and tools of mobile robots (MRS) equipped with robot manipulator (RM) serving assembly/ disassembly mechatronic lines (A/DML).The framework of the work reported here is represented by SMART&ASTI A/DML served by two MRs with RM, working collaboratively and the goal is development of a multi-agent system able control interactively trajectories of MRs, working collaboratively to serve the A/DML, by avoiding the collisions between them. The advantage offered by the proposed solution consists in graphical representation of the trajectory of MRs working collaboratively, as well as the current status of them, while the users are able to interact intuitively with the MRs trough the proposed GUI The added value of the paper consists in the implementation of multi-agents systems in a complex A/DML served by two MRs equipped with RM, working collaboratively, the increased autonomy in communication between the entities of entire system, and the adaptive control of MRs trajectories.
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24

Xu, Xianghui, Yunkun Li, Haiping Li, Rong Liu, Mingming Sheng, Bin He, and Zhongwei Gu. "Intracellular Drug Delivery: Smart Nanovehicles Based on pH-Triggered Disassembly of Supramolecular Peptide-Amphiphiles for Efficient Intracellular Drug Delivery (Small 6/2014)." Small 10, no. 6 (March 2014): 1030. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/smll.201470034.

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25

Palco, Valentina, and Ester R. Mussari. "Inhabit the Change: Circular Design & Iot." Urban Studies and Public Administration 4, no. 2 (June 18, 2021): p106. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/uspa.v4n2p106.

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To solve the problems associated with precarious contemporary housing, it is essential to intervene with structural housing reform. Therefore, it is necessary to start from semantics and read space on the one hand, as a moment where history, traditions and culture meet; on the other hand, as a key to overcome obstacles and general obsolescence.The state of the art includes: repetition of self-built and unregulated low-quality typologies, high migration rate, and socio-economic changes; the consequences are: low-quality buildings, overcrowded or uninhabited urban centers, obsolete spatiality. Today, the challenge is to design in a short time and with high qualitative standards, without giving in to hypertechnology but finding a balancing strategy. It is a matter of anticipating what cannot be expected, and responding to the multitude of ever-changing needs inherent to an atypical user.“Inhabiting” in this perspective must be increasingly “smart and sustainable”. This is done through interactive design, which increasingly uses digitized services and connects objects and people. The goal is to move towards DfD, «Design for Disassembly», through “change” as a paradigm, and the solution is in our homes.
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Jiang, Xue, Guolin Lu, Xiaoyu Huang, Yu Li, Fangqi Cao, Hong Chen, and Wenbin Liu. "Thermo-Responsive Graphene Oxide/Poly(Ethyl Ethylene Phosphate) Nanocomposite via Ring Opening Polymerization." Nanomaterials 9, no. 2 (February 5, 2019): 207. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano9020207.

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An efficient strategy for growing thermo-sensitive polymers from the surface of exfoliated graphene oxide (GO) is reported in this article. GO sheets with hydroxyls and epoxy groups on the surface were first prepared by modified Hummer’s method. Epoxy groups on GO sheets can be easily modified through ring-opening reactions, involving nucleophilic attack by tris(hydroxymethyl) aminomethane (TRIS). The resulting GO-TRIS sheets became a more versatile precursor for next ring opening polymerization (ROP) of ethyl ethylene phosphate (EEP), leading to GO-TRIS/poly(ethyl ethylene phosphate) (GO-TRIS-PEEP) nanocomposite. The nanocomposite was characterized by 1H NMR, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential thermal gravity (DTG), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Since hydrophilic PEEP chains make the composite separate into single layers through hydrogen bonding interaction, the dispersity of the functionalized GO sheets in water is significantly improved. Meanwhile, the aqueous dispersion of GO-TRIS-PEEP nanocomposite shows reversible temperature switching self-assembly and disassembly behavior. Such a smart graphene oxide-based hybrid material is promising for applications in the biomedical field.
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27

Pappalardo, Andrea, Chiara M. A. Gangemi, Caterina Testa, and Giuseppe Trusso Sfrazzetto. "Supramolecular Assemblies for Photodynamic Therapy." Current Organic Chemistry 25, no. 9 (May 25, 2021): 963–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1385272825666210122094010.

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In recent years, supramolecular systems for nano-medicine, and in particular for photodynamic therapy, have gained great attention for their uses as smart and engineered therapeutic agents. We proposed a collection of very recent articles on supramolecular complexes for photodynamic therapy based on different photosensitizers assembled with cyclodextrins, cucurbiturils, calixarenes, pillararenes, or involved in nanobox and tweezer structures, nanoparticles, aggregates and micelles, that are dynamic assemblies inspired to biological systems. Despite the advantages of traditional Photodynamic therapy (PDT), which is a non-invasive, reliable and highly selective clinical treatment for several pathological conditions, different drawbacks are still smothering the applicability of this clinical treatment. In this contest, a new supramolecular approach is emerging, in fact, the reversible formation of these supramolecular assemblies, combined with the possibility to modify their dimensions and shapes in the presence of a guest make them similar to biological macromolecules, such as proteins and enzymes. Furthermore, due to the relatively weak and dynamic nature of supramolecular assemblies, they can undergo assembly and disassembly very fast as well as responses to external stimuli, such as biological (e.g. enzyme activation), chemical (e.g. redox potential or pH), and physical (e.g. temperature, light or magnetic fields). Therefore, the responsiveness of these supramolecular assemblies represents a highly promising approach to obtain potentially personalized PDT.
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Kurbasic, Marina, Ana M. Garcia, Simone Viada, and Silvia Marchesan. "Tripeptide Self-Assembly into Bioactive Hydrogels: Effects of Terminus Modification on Biocatalysis." Molecules 26, no. 1 (December 31, 2020): 173. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26010173.

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Bioactive hydrogels based on the self-assembly of tripeptides have attracted great interest in recent years. In particular, the search is active for sequences that are able to mimic enzymes when they are self-organized in a nanostructured hydrogel, so as to provide a smart catalytic (bio)material whose activity can be switched on/off with assembly/disassembly. Within the diverse enzymes that have been targeted for mimicry, hydrolases find wide application in biomaterials, ranging from their use to convert prodrugs into active compounds to their ability to work in reverse and catalyze a plethora of reactions. We recently reported the minimalistic l-His–d-Phe–d-Phe for its ability to self-organize into thermoreversible and biocatalytic hydrogels for esterase mimicry. In this work, we analyze the effects of terminus modifications that mimic the inclusion of the tripeptide in a longer sequence. Therefore, three analogues, i.e., N-acetylated, C-amidated, or both, were synthesized, purified, characterized by several techniques, and probed for self-assembly, hydrogelation, and esterase-like biocatalysis. This work provides useful insights into how chemical modifications at the termini affect self-assembly into biocatalytic hydrogels, and these data may become useful for the future design of supramolecular catalysts for enhanced performance.
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Robeller, Christopher, Eduardo De Oliveira Barata, Enrico Valentino Tagliaboschi, and Felix Schmidt-Kleespies. "Hexbox Canopy: A Segmented Timber Plate Shell with Hardwood Wedge Joints." Journal of the International Association for Shell and Spatial Structures 63, no. 4 (December 1, 2022): 221–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.20898/j.iass.2022.019.

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The HexBox Canopy demonstrates a new "plug & play" system for the rapid on-site assembly and disassembly without formwork of a segmented timber shell, consisting of relatively inexpensive, prefabricated hexagon-shaped boxes made from plywood plates. With 1531 timber segments making up 201 boxes, the HexBox shell is made exclusively of plywood components without the addition of any kind of metal fasteners for the main load-bearing structure. The major novelty is the wood-only connections between the box components, which are produced from cut-off waste material resulting from the cutting of the main plates of the structure. These connectors are inspired by traditional wedge joints, which were a smart and common method in handcrafted carpentry and cabinetmaking. Rather than attempting ultra-precisely fabricated elements, the wedges allow assembling box-like segments even when there are small imprecisions. Additionally, these joints allow for pulling and forcing the boxes together, closing gaps between the elements which may occur during assembly. Another key aspect is the introduction of an innovative technique that allows for the simple and safe 1K PUR adhesive joining of thousands of miter joints with individual dihedral angles. Conventional clamping tools are indeed designed for orthogonal miter joints and could therefore not be used here.
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Cao, Li, Yi Xiao, Wei Lu, Shiyuan Liu, Lin Gan, Jiahui Yu, and Jin Huang. "Nanomicelle drug with acid-triggered doxorubicin release and enhanced cellular uptake ability based on mPEG-graft-poly(N-(2-aminoethyl)-L-aspartamide)-hexahydrophthalic acid copolymers." Journal of Biomaterials Applications 32, no. 6 (November 13, 2017): 826–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0885328217741522.

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In order to achieve the passive tumor targeting and acid-triggered drugs release in lysosomes, optimized delivery system for doxorubicin based on pH-sensitive complex nanomicelles with suitable particle size was developed in this research. Particularly, poly(L-succinimide) was thoroughly ring-opened by ethylenediamine to give the poly(N-(2-aminoethyl)-L-aspartamide). Then, graft copolymer mPEG-graft-poly(N-(2-aminoethyl)-L-aspartamide)-hexahydrophthalic acid (mPEG-g-P(ae-Asp)-Hap) was synthesized by grafting mPEG-2000 and hexahydrophthalic anhydride onto poly(N-(2-aminoethyl)-L-aspartamide). In vitro studies revealed that mPEG-g-P(ae-Asp)-Hap copolymer was stable in neutral solutions but tend to be hydrolyzed under acidic condition, which was attributed to the acid-sensitive properties of hexahydrophthalic amides (β-carboxylic amides). MPEG-g-P(ae-Asp)-Hap copolymer with critical aggregation concentration of 0.166 mg·mL−1 could self-assemble into stable blank nanomicelles with an average particle hydrodynamic diameter of 98.1 nm, but the hydrodynamic diameter of doxorubicin-loaded nanomicelles (mPEG-g-P(ae-Asp)-Hap·Dox) was smaller and approximately 77.5 nm. MPEG-g-P(ae-Asp)-Hap·Dox nanomicelles showed sustained drug release profiles over 34 h, and the cumulative drug release showed a tendency to increase from 25% to 62% with the pH value decreasing from 7.4 to 5.0 due to the acid-triggered disassembly of nanomicelles. The cytotoxicity of mPEG-g-P(ae-Asp)-Hap·Dox nanomicelles against A549 treated with 40 mM NH4Cl (lysosomotropic weak bases) was decreased significantly than that without NH4Cl treatment, further confirmed the drug release from the nanomicelles was triggered by the low pH value of lysosome (pH 5.0). Compared with doxorubicin HCl, mPEG-g-P(ae-Asp)-Hap·Dox nanomicelle drug showed enhanced cellular uptake ability during 2 or 4 h of incubation due to the endocytosis mechanism of nanomicelle drug. In summary, the cleavage of pH-sensitive β-carboxylic amides bonds on the hydrophobic branch of mPEG-g-P(ae-Asp)-Hap copolymer triggered the disassembly of the nanomicelles and release of doxorubicin in the acidic lysosomal compartments of cancer cells. These nanomicelles exhibited excellent potential for drug delivery due to their smart properties-PEGylation, suitable size, and acid-triggered drug release.
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Moussas, Vassilios, and Antonios Andreatos. "Malware Detection Based on Code Visualization and Two-Level Classification." Information 12, no. 3 (March 11, 2021): 118. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/info12030118.

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Malware creators generate new malicious software samples by making minor changes in previously generated code, in order to reuse malicious code, as well as to go unnoticed from signature-based antivirus software. As a result, various families of variations of the same initial code exist today. Visualization of compiled executables for malware analysis has been proposed several years ago. Visualization can greatly assist malware classification and requires neither disassembly nor code execution. Moreover, new variations of known malware families are instantly detected, in contrast to traditional signature-based antivirus software. This paper addresses the problem of identifying variations of existing malware visualized as images. A new malware detection system based on a two-level Artificial Neural Network (ANN) is proposed. The classification is based on file and image features. The proposed system is tested on the ‘Malimg’ dataset consisting of the visual representation of well-known malware families. From this set some important image features are extracted. Based on these features, the ANN is trained. Then, this ANN is used to detect and classify other samples of the dataset. Malware families creating a confusion are classified by a second level of ANNs. The proposed two-level ANN method excels in simplicity, accuracy, and speed; it is easy to implement and fast to run, thus it can be applied to antivirus software, smart firewalls, web applications, etc.
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Sikdar, Debabrata, Alwin Bucher, Cristian Zagar, and Alexei A. Kornyshev. "Electrochemical plasmonic metamaterials: towards fast electro-tuneable reflecting nanoshutters." Faraday Discussions 199 (2017): 585–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6fd00249h.

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Self-assembling arrays of metallic nanoparticles at liquid|liquid or liquid|solid interfaces could deliver new platforms for tuneable optical systems. Such systems can switch between very-high and very-low reflectance states upon assembly and disassembly of nanoparticles at the interface, respectively. This encourages creation of electro-variably reversible mirror/window nanoplasmonic devices. However, the response time of these systems is usually limited by the rate-of-diffusion of the nanoparticles in the liquid, towards the interface and back. A large time-constant implies slow switching of the system, challenging the practical viability of such a system. Here we introduce a smart alternative to overcome this issue. We propose obtaining fast switching via electrically-induced rotation of a two-dimensional array of metal nanocuboids tethered to an ITO substrate. By applying potential to the ITO electrode the orientation of nanocuboids can be altered, which results in conversion of a highly-reflective nanoparticle layer into a transparent layer (or vice versa) within sub-second timescales. A theoretical method is developed based on the quasi-static effective-medium approach to analyse the optical response of such arrays, which is verified against full-wave simulations. Further theoretical analysis and estimates based on the potential energy of the nanoparticles in the two orientations corroborate the idea that voltage-controlled switching between the two states of a nanoparticle assembly is a viable option.
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Yoon, Ho Young, Nguyen Thanh Phong, Eun‐Nam Joe, Sumin Kwon, Eun Ju Son, Kyoung‐Soon Jang, and Jong‐Rok Jeon. "Crop root Exudate Composition‐Dependent Disassembly of Lignin‐Fe‐Hydroxyapatite Supramolecular Structures: A Better Rhizosphere Sensing Platform for Smart Fertilizer Development (Adv. Sustainable Syst. 8/2021)." Advanced Sustainable Systems 5, no. 8 (August 2021): 2170015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adsu.202170015.

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Chen, Yihuang, Zewei Wang, Yanjie He, Young Jun Yoon, Jaehan Jung, Guangzhao Zhang, and Zhiqun Lin. "Light-enabled reversible self-assembly and tunable optical properties of stable hairy nanoparticles." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115, no. 7 (January 31, 2018): E1391—E1400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1714748115.

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The ability to dynamically organize functional nanoparticles (NPs) via the use of environmental triggers (temperature, pH, light, or solvent polarity) opens up important perspectives for rapid and convenient construction of a rich variety of complex assemblies and materials with new structures and functionalities. Here, we report an unconventional strategy for crafting stable hairy NPs with light-enabled reversible and reliable self-assembly and tunable optical properties. Central to our strategy is to judiciously design amphiphilic star-like diblock copolymers comprising inner hydrophilic blocks and outer hydrophobic photoresponsive blocks as nanoreactors to direct the synthesis of monodisperse plasmonic NPs intimately and permanently capped with photoresponsive polymers. The size and shape of hairy NPs can be precisely tailored by modulating the length of inner hydrophilic block of star-like diblock copolymers. The perpetual anchoring of photoresponsive polymers on the NP surface renders the attractive feature of self-assembly and disassembly of NPs on demand using light of different wavelengths, as revealed by tunable surface plasmon resonance absorption of NPs and the reversible transformation of NPs between their dispersed and aggregated states. The dye encapsulation/release studies manifested that such photoresponsive NPs may be exploited as smart guest molecule nanocarriers. By extension, the star-like block copolymer strategy enables the crafting of a family of stable stimuli-responsive NPs (e.g., temperature- or pH-sensitive polymer-capped magnetic, ferroelectric, upconversion, or semiconducting NPs) and their assemblies for fundamental research in self-assembly and crystallization kinetics of NPs as well as potential applications in optics, optoelectronics, magnetic technologies, sensory materials and devices, catalysis, nanotechnology, and biotechnology.
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Win, Lai Lai, Faieza Abdul Aziz, Abdul Aziz Hairuddin, Lili Nurliyana Abdullah, Hwa Jen Yap, Hideo Saito, and Norhisham Seyajah. "EFFECTIVENESS ON TRAINING METHOD USING VIRTUAL REALITY AND AUGMENTED REALITY APPLICATIONS IN AUTOMOBILE ENGINE ASSEMBLY." ASEAN Engineering Journal 12, no. 4 (November 29, 2022): 83–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.11113/aej.v12.18009.

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Training and education have become increasingly crucial in obtaining new skills in a variety of fields, especially in assembly and disassembly operations. The main issue in mechanical engineering, particularly in the assembly department, was that automobile engine components assembly was found to be complicated and challenging to assemble using an existing method, where they only rely on a video-based method. The purpose of this paper is to create interactive Virtual Reality (VR) and Augmented Reality (AR) applications that allow users to efficiently assist and complete the assembly tasks. In this work, the authors designed and developed a fully immersive VR application using an HTC Vive headset and two AR applications (marker-less AR application and marker-based AR application) using EPSON MOVERIO BT-300 (AR Smart Glasses). Fourteen engineering students from Universiti Putra Malaysia were selected for the experiment. They were divided into four groups: video-based group, VR-based group, marker-less AR group, and marker-based AR group. They are required to complete all four experiments (video-based experiment, VR-based experiment, marker-less AR experiment, and marker-based AR experiment). The results showed that the marker-less AR application is the best impressive method (37% better), the VR application is the second impressive method (23% better) followed by the marker-based AR application is the third impressive method (3% better) compared to the existing video-based guideline. Therefore, the students favored AR and VR applications rather than the existing method to be used in automobile engine assembly tasks.
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Wang, Xianya. "Research on Home Product Design and Intelligent Algorithm Recommendation considering Ergonomics." Journal of Sensors 2022 (August 5, 2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/1791269.

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Under the modern design concept, consider ergonomics to design home products. With the progress of civilization and technology, the improvement of life quality in the process of urbanization, and the increasing abundance of home life and home products, people’s requirements for living environment and environmental products are continuously improving. In order to further meet the necessities of life and solve the reasons such as limited living space at home, people are no longer satisfied with purchasing household products in large quantities but are more suitable for household needs. According to the user’s requirements for ergonomic home product design, a criterion layer is established, and the weight of the criterion layer is calculated to obtain its corresponding weight value. It can be obtained that consumers think that safety is the most important, followed by ease of use, functionality, and aesthetics. In the second criterion level, the order of importance is stable operation, safe use of materials, invisible circuit, strong practicability, massage function, safety guardrail, convenient installation, easy cleaning, intelligent operation, home style, structural strength, easy to move, natural materials, air purification, easy disassembly, suitable size, simple shape, convenient function, timely after-sales, soft color tone, noise reduction, simple decoration, single color matching, and comfortable function. The addition of the nearest neighbors improves the accuracy of the CFCNN-CL algorithm and the REPREDICT PCC algorithm in terms of smart algorithm recommendations for home products considering ergonomics. But compared between the two, the CFCNN-CL algorithm has better performance and better accuracy than the REPREDICT PCC algorithm. In terms of the influence of data sparseness, UCF-Jaccard has a smaller MAE value than other methods in general and is less susceptible to the influence of sparse data, and the MAE value does not change much. Among the group filtering methods, the RRP-UICL method has better prediction accuracy than the commonly used group filtering methods.
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Shi, Liyang, Yuanyuan Han, Jöns Hilborn, and Dmitri Ossipov. "“Smart” drug loaded nanoparticle delivery from a self-healing hydrogel enabled by dynamic magnesium–biopolymer chemistry." Chemical Communications 52, no. 74 (2016): 11151–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6cc05565f.

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A new self-healing hydrogel is developed using dynamic coordinate bonds between drug loaded MgSiO3 nanoparticles and bisphosphonate functionalized hyaluronic acid. The nanocomposite network is stable at neutral pH, but is disassembled in an acidic environment, providing “smart” drug release.
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Xu, Zhigang, Xingxing Chen, Xinhua Dong, Hongmu Han, Zhongzhen Yan, Kangze Ye, Chaojun Li, Zhiqiang Zheng, Haitao Wang, and Jiaxi Zhang. "An Efficient Code-Embedding-Based Vulnerability Detection Model for Ethereum Smart Contracts." International Journal of Data Warehousing and Mining 19, no. 2 (March 22, 2023): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijdwm.320473.

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Efficient and convenient vulnerability detection for smart contracts is a key issue in the field of smart contracts. The earlier vulnerability detection for smart contracts mainly relies on static symbol analysis, which has high accuracy but low efficiency and is prone to path explosion. In this paper, the authors propose a static method for vulnerability detection based on deep learning. It first disassembles Ethereum smart contracts into opcode sequences and then converts the vulnerability detection problem into a natural language text classification problem. The word vector method is employed to map each opcode to a uniform vector space, and the opcode sequence matrix is trained by the TextCNN method to detect vulnerabilities. Furthermore, a code obfuscation method is given to enhance and balance the dataset, while three different opcode sequence generation methods are proposed to construct features. The experimental results verify that the average prediction accuracy of each smart contract exceeds 96%, and the average detection time is less than 0.1 s.
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Kim, Myung Hyun, Sung Won Kang, Jae Myung Lee, and Daniel J. Inman. "Simultaneous Health Monitoring and Vibration Control of Structures Using Smart Materials." Key Engineering Materials 297-300 (November 2005): 2207–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.297-300.2207.

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Large welded structures, including ships and offshore structures, are normally in operation under cyclic fatigue loadings. These structures include many geometric as well as material discontinuities due to weld joints, and the fatigue strength at these hot spots is very important for the structural performance. In the past, various Non-Destructive Evaluation (NDE) techniques have been developed to detect fatigue cracks and to estimate their location and size. However, an important limitation of most of the existing NDE methods is that they are off-line; the normal operation of the structure has to be interrupted and the device often has to be disassembled. In this study, a new impedance-based structural health monitoring system employing piezoceramic transducers is developed with a special interest in applying the technique for welded structural members in ship and offshore structures. In particular, the impedance-based structural health monitoring technique that employs the coupling effect of piezoceramic (PZT) materials and structures is investigated.
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Gunawan, Heri, Ahir Yugo Nugroho, Ria Eka Sari, and Adnan Buyung Nst. "Increasing the Accuracy of Recipient Selection for the Smart Indonesia Program (PIP) Using the Moora Method." Formosa Journal of Applied Sciences 1, no. 7 (December 29, 2022): 1395–410. http://dx.doi.org/10.55927/fjas.v1i7.2022.

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The selection mechanism of the Smart Indonesia Program (PIP) is very complicated, and the targets or eligibility criteria for Smart Indonesia Program (PIP) participants do not match the accurate data or do not match the reality on the ground, there is still feeling of control in the process which is interpreted as a form of understanding what other people feel and also imagine yourself if you were in that person's position. For this reason, it is necessary to design a desktop-based system using the Microsoft Visual Studio 2010 programming language and created using the Microsoft SQL Server R2 2008 database as the data storage medium, so that if there is an update the system criteria data can be used without having to disassemble it, and data processing runs efficiently and effectively in the system. Decision making on the Moora method is based on criteria and sub-criteria data by considering the total weight of the benefit criteria attributes and the cost attributes of the alternative student data entered into the system, it is known that 6 students have been accepted as potential recipients of education funds through a decision support system , with a decision value.
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Chen, Jiayan, Chaochun Zhong, Jing Chen, Yuanxun Han, Juan Zhou, and Limin Wang. "K-Means Clustering and Bidirectional Long- and Short-Term Neural Networks for Predicting Performance Degradation Trends of Built-In Relays in Meters." Sensors 22, no. 21 (October 25, 2022): 8149. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22218149.

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The built-in relay in a meter is a key control component of a smart meter, and its reliability determines whether the user can use electricity safely and smoothly. In this paper, the degradation characteristics of the arc-burning energy are enhanced by the method of K-means clustering to replace degradation data, such as the overtravel time, release time, and other data. In existing methods, the meter needs to be disassembled to describe the degradation trend of the meter relay. The proposed method is combined with a bidirectional long short-term memory (Bi-LSTM) neural network to predict the degradation trend of the relay’s performance. In this paper, K-means clustering is used to enhance the extraction of arc energy data features, and then the arc energy data obtained from the reliability lifetime test is assessed to predict the degradation trend of the meter relay by means of a bidirectional LSTM.
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42

Hatzivasilis, George, Nikos Papadakis, Ilias Hatzakis, Sotiris Ioannidis, and George Vardakis. "Artificial Intelligence-Driven Composition and Security Validation of an Internet of Things Ecosystem." Applied Sciences 10, no. 14 (July 15, 2020): 4862. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10144862.

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Key challenges in Internet-of-Things (IoT) system design and management include the secure system composition and the calculation of the security and dependability level of the final system. This paper presents an event-based model-checking framework for IoT systems’ design and management, called CompoSecReasoner. It invokes two main functionalities: (i) system composition verification, and (ii) derivation and validation of security, privacy, and dependability (SPD) metrics. To measure the SPD values of a system, we disassemble two well-known types of security metrics—the attack surface methodologies and the medieval castle approach. The first method determines the attackable points of the system, while the second one defines the protection level that is provided by the currently composed system-of-systems. We extend these techniques and apply the Event Calculus method for modelling the dynamic behavior of a system with progress in time. At first, the protection level of the currently composed system is calculated. When composition events occur, the current system status is derived. Thereafter, we can deploy reactive strategies and administrate the system automatically at runtime, implementing a novel setting for Moving Target Defenses. We demonstrate the overall solution on a real ambient intelligence application for managing the embedded devices of two emulated smart buildings.
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43

Cretu, Carmen, Loredana Maiuolo, Domenico Lombardo, Elisabeta I. Szerb, and Pietro Calandra. "Luminescent Supramolecular Nano- or Microstructures Formed in Aqueous Media by Amphiphile-Noble Metal Complexes." Journal of Nanomaterials 2020 (October 13, 2020): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/5395048.

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The involvement of metal ions within the self-assembly spontaneously occurring in surfactant-based systems gives additional and interesting features. The electronic states of the metal, together with the bonds that can be established with the organic amphiphilic counterpart, are the factors triggering new photophysical properties. Moreover, the availability of stimuli-responsive supramolecular amphiphile assemblies, able to disassemble in a back-process, provides reversible switching particularly useful in novel approaches and applications giving rise to truly smart materials. In particular, small amphiphiles with an inner distribution, within their molecular architecture, of various polar and apolar functional groups, can give a wide variety of interactions and therefore enriched self-assemblies. If it is joined with the opportune presence and localization of noble metals, whose chemical and photophysical properties are undiscussed, then very interesting materials can be obtained. In this minireview, the basic concepts on self-assembly of small amphiphilic molecules with noble metals are shown with particular reference to the photophysical properties aiming at furnishing to the reader a panoramic view of these exciting problematics. In this respect, the following will be shown: (i) the principles of self-assembly of amphiphiles that involve noble metals, (ii) examples of amphiphiles and amphiphile-noble metal systems as representatives of systems with enhanced photophysical properties, and (iii) final comments and perspectives with some examples of modern applications.
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Helmers, Eckard, Johannes Dietz, and Martin Weiss. "Sensitivity Analysis in the Life-Cycle Assessment of Electric vs. Combustion Engine Cars under Approximate Real-World Conditions." Sustainability 12, no. 3 (February 9, 2020): 1241. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12031241.

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This study compares the environmental impacts of petrol, diesel, natural gas, and electric vehicles using a process-based attributional life cycle assessment (LCA) and the ReCiPe characterization method that captures 18 impact categories and the single score endpoints. Unlike common practice, we derive the cradle-to-grave inventories from an originally combustion engine VW Caddy that was disassembled and electrified in our laboratory, and its energy consumption was measured on the road. Ecoivent 2.2 and 3.0 emission inventories were contrasted exhibiting basically insignificant impact deviations. Ecoinvent 3.0 emission inventory for the diesel car was additionally updated with recent real-world close emission values and revealed strong increases over four midpoint impact categories, when matched with the standard Ecoinvent 3.0 emission inventory. Producing batteries with photovoltaic electricity instead of Chinese coal-based electricity decreases climate impacts of battery production by 69%. Break-even mileages for the electric VW Caddy to pass the combustion engine models under various conditions in terms of climate change impact ranged from 17,000 to 310,000 km. Break-even mileages, when contrasting the VW Caddy and a mini car (SMART), which was as well electrified, did not show systematic differences. Also, CO2-eq emissions in terms of passenger kilometers travelled (54–158 g CO2-eq/PKT) are fairly similar based on 1 person travelling in the mini car and 1.57 persons in the mid-sized car (VW Caddy). Additionally, under optimized conditions (battery production and use phase utilizing renewable electricity), the two electric cars can compete well in terms of CO2-eq emissions per passenger kilometer with other traffic modes (diesel bus, coach, trains) over lifetime. Only electric buses were found to have lower life cycle carbon emissions (27–52 g CO2-eq/PKT) than the two electric passenger cars.
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45

Abuzied, Hoda, Ayman Abbas, Mohamed Awad, and Hesham Senbel. "Investigation of Active Disassembly in Large Force Applications." Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering 143, no. 2 (December 9, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.4048852.

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Abstract Active disassembly (AD) is an emerging field of research in design for disassembly that enables a cost-effective nondestructive separation of product components. It is based on using active joints and fasteners that enables the self-disassembly of products without any direct contact between the product and the operator, where these joints and fasteners must be inserted in the product during its design and manufacturing phases. Generally, active joints and fasteners are made of smart materials such as shape memory alloys (SMAs), that can generate the necessary disassembly forces required to separate the different components of the product. Most of the exerted effort in this field of research was focused on separating products requiring small disassembly forces either in the electronic or automotive sectors. All these active disassembly applications were based on using shape memory alloy snap fits, clips, or wires that are characterized by their ability to generate small forces with large displacements. As, up to the authors knowledge, none of the exerted efforts were concerned with investigating the possibility of using the large disassembly forces that could be generated using shape memory alloy actuators in large force active disassembly applications. Consequently, the presented research aims to examine the possibility of applying active disassembly with products requiring large disassembly forces, having tapered surfaces and large mechanical structure. By presenting two case studies to validate the possibility of using active disassembly with large force applications, in addition to investigating the capability of using shape memory alloy actuators assembled either concentric or eccentric with the product structure.
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Pranantyo, Dicky, En-Tang Kang, and Mary B. Chan-Park. "Smart nanomicelles with bacterial infection-responsive disassembly for selective antimicrobial applications." Biomaterials Science, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0bm01382j.

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47

Liu, Lingjun, Junya Zhang, Ruibing An, Qi Xue, Xi Cheng, Yuxuan Hu, Zheng Huang, et al. "Smart Nanosensitizers for Activatable Sono‐Photodynamic Immunotherapy of Tumors by Redox‐Controlled Disassembly." Angewandte Chemie International Edition, January 5, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.202217055.

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Liu, Lingjun, Junya Zhang, Ruibing An, Qi Xue, Xi Cheng, Yuxuan Hu, Zheng Huang, et al. "Smart Nanosensitizers for Activatable Sono‐Photodynamic Immunotherapy of Tumors by Redox‐Controlled Disassembly." Angewandte Chemie, January 5, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.202217055.

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49

Chiodo, J. D., N. Jones, and E. H. Billett. "WITHDRAWN: Shape memory alloy actuators for active disassembly using ‘smart’ materials of consumer electronic products." Materials & Design, April 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0261-3069(02)00016-x.

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50

"A ’Smart’ Polymer Disassembles in Near Infrared Light." Synfacts 8, no. 01 (December 19, 2011): 0042. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0031-1289936.

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