Dissertations / Theses: 'Smart automation systems'

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Park, Cheol-Soo. "Occupant responsive optimal control of smart façade systems." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/9450.

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Hultmark, Varejão Marcus. "Integration of Electrochromic Smart Windows in Building Automation Systems." Thesis, KTH, Maskinkonstruktion (Inst.), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-141159.

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To lower energy consumption, the building industry invests in smart solutions. These solutions usually use control and automation to both increase energy efficiency and facilitate usage, and therefore attract consumers. This paper gives a better insight into how an electrochromic (EC) window, which is a relatively new smart product, should be used to further improve the intelligence of buildings. The funding company has not yet integrated the EC windows in building automation systems (BASs). A research was realized to understand the BAS technologies available so that it is possible to decide which to use. The researched technologies were LonWorks and BACnet; both are explained and discussed in this paper. The paper goes on to conclude that LonWorks is more convenient to implement. Windows provide solar power and indoor illuminance. If there is too much sunlight indoors, the room might get too warm and people may be affected by glare. Being able to automatically control these parameters improves comfort. This paper provides equations to calculate the position of the sun to be used in simulations. Simulation procedures are also provided so it is possible to calculate the indoor illuminanceas well as the temperature; the latter is then used to estimate the energy consumption and compare EC with high efficient regular windows. These simulations show that, with illuminance controlled EC windows, the energy used to regulate the temperature to 23oC is around 2:6% less than with high efficient regular windows. A control algorithm is proposed to adjust indoor illuminance by manipulating the transmittance of the EC windows. This algorithm is then implemented on the real system. Then, to be able to manually control the windows, a website is designed so anyone with access to a web-browser and a connection to the intranet (where the windows are connected) can manipulate them.
Byggindustrin investerar i smarta lösningar för att sänka energiförbrukningen. Dessa lösningar brukar använda kontroll och automatisering för att både öka energieffektiviteten och underlätta användningen, och därmed locka konsumenter. Denna uppsats ger en bättre inblick i hur ett elektrokromiskt (EC) fönster, som är en relativt ny smart produkt, bör användas för att ytterligare förbättra byggnaders intelligens. Företaget som finansierar projektet har ännu inte integrerat EC fönster i byggnadsautomationssystem (BAS). Olika BAS tekniker studeras, varav två tekniker mer ingående; LonWorks och BACnet. De både teknikerna analyseras och utvärderas för att sedan utse vilken som är att föredra. Slutsatsen dras om att LonWorks är mer lämplig att implementera. Fönster förser rummet med solenergi och belysningsstyrka. Om fönstret släpper in för mycket solljus kan personer påverkas av bländning samt att det kan bli för varmt. Komforten ökar om dessa parametrar styrs automatiskt. Denna uppsats härleder ekvationer för att beräkna solens position som sedan användsi simuleringar. Simuleringsförfaranden används också för att beräkna belysningsstyrkan inomhus såväl som temperaturen; den senare tillämpas sedan för att beräkna energiförbrukningen och jämföra EC med högeffektiva vanliga fönster. Dessa simuleringar visar att energin som behövs för att reglera temperaturen till 23oC i rum innehållande EC fönster med reglering av belysningsstyrkan är ca 2;6% mindre än i rum innehållande högeffektiva vanliga fönster. En regleralgoritm föreslås för att justera belysningsstyrkan inomhus genom att manipulera transmittansen hos EC fönster. Denna algoritm implementeras sedan på det verkliga systemet. En webbsida konstrueras sedan så att vem som helst med tillgång till en webbläsare och anslutning till intranätet (där fönstren är anslutna) kan manipulera dem.

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Seifert, Fanny. "Smart Maintenance." Fraunhofer-Institut für Verfahrenstechnik und Verpackung IVV, 2018. https://slub.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A32446.

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Johansson, Oscar, and Gustav Andersson. "Smart Greenhouse : A microcontroller based architecture for autonomous and remote control." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för informationsteknologi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-42284.

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Expensive and complex automated systems for greenhouses are frequently utilized in the horticulture industry. In parallel, smart systems for home automation has recently seen a rapid increase in popularity. This project aims to combine the climate optimization capabilities of industrial systems with the convenience of home automation systems. More specifically, this project is focused on the design and implementation of electrical and mechanical requirements of a smart greenhouse system. This involved the selection of hardware components, such as sensors, actuators and controllers. It also involved the interconnection between these components and the development of measurement and control systems to autonomously manage the greenhouse. The system is based on a WiFi-connected microcontroller. Parameters monitored include; temperature, humidity and wind-speed. Irrigation is controlled by a solenoid valve and can be scheduled to desired intervals. Ventilation and temperature optimization is done by controlling the roof-hatch with a linear actuator and control of a heater. The results demonstrate a accurate and reliable system with low power consumption. The resulting prototype can be installed in new and existing greenhouses. Functionalities can be remotely controlled and monitored by the convenience of an android application. The total cost of the components used was around 4 500 SEK. Further development could be done to enable seamless scalability with additional components and functionalities. Climate optimization by incorporation of weather forecast as a parameter could be implemented to further reduce energy consumption.
Dyra och komplexa automatiserade växthussystem är vanligt förekommande inom industrin för hortikultur. Parallellt har populariteten för "Smart Home" system för hemautomatisering radikalt ökat. Målet med detta projekt är att kombinera klimatoptimiseringsmöjligheterna hos industriella system med lättanvändligheten hos system för hemautomatisering. Detta projekt fokuserar specifikt på designen och implementationen av de elektriska och mekaniska krav som ställs på ett "smart greenhouse system". Detta innefattar; val av komponenter såsom sensorer, aktuatorer samt styrenhet men även sammankopplingen mellan dessa komponenter och utvecklingen av mjukvara till reglersystemet, som i sin tur syftar till automatiseringen i växthuset. Systemet är baserat på en WiFi-uppkopplad mikrokontroller. Parametrar som monitoreras är; temperatur, luftfuktighet och vindhastighet. Bevattning kontrolleras av en magnetventil och kan schemaläggas för bevattning i önskade intervall. Ventilering och temperaturoptimisering sker genom kontroll av taklucka med hjälp av ett linjärt ställdon samt kontroll av ett värmeelement. Resultatet demonstrerar ett pålitligt och punktligt system med låg energiförbrukning. Prototypen som utvecklats kan installeras i både nya och befintliga växthus. Funktionaliteterna kan smidigt fjärrkontrolleras och monitoreras från en android applikation. Den totala kostnaden för de komponenter som använts var runt 4500 kr. Vidareutveckling vad gäller skalbarhet för att sömlöst lägga till komponenter och funktionaliteter bör övervägas. För ytterligare minskad energiförbrukning med hjälp av klimatoptimering kan väderprognos adderas som en parameter.

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Pan, Zhiwen, and Zhiwen Pan. "A Context Aware Anomaly Behavior Analysis Methodology for Building Automation Systems." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/625624.

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Advances in mobile and pervasive computing, electronics technology, and the exponential growth in Internet of Things (IoT) applications and services has led to Building Automation System (BAS) that enhanced the buildings we live by delivering more energy-saving, intelligent, comfortable, and better utilization. Through the use of integrated protocols, a BAS can interconnects a wide range of building assets so that the control and management of asset operations and their services can be performed in one protocol. Moreover, through the use of distributed computing and IP based communication, a BAS can implement remote monitor and control in adaptive and real-time manner. However, the use of IoT and distributed computing techniques in BAS are leading to challenges to secure and protect information and services due to the significant increase in the attack surface and the inherent vulnerabilities of BAS integrated protocols. Since there is no intrusion detection and prevention available for BAS network, proposing a reliable security mechanism which can monitor the behavior of BAS assets becomes a major design issue. Anomaly Based Intrusion Detection is a security mechanism that uses baseline model to describe the normal behaviors of a system, so that malicious behaviors occurred in a system can be detected by comparing the observed behavior to the baseline model. With its ability of detecting novel and new attacks, Anomaly based Behavior Analysis (ABA) has been actively pursued by researchers for designing Intrusion Detection Systems. Since the information acquired from a BAS system can be from a variety of sources (e.g. sensors, network protocols, temporal and spatial information), the traditional ABA methodology which merely focuses on analyzing the behavior of communication protocols will not be effective in protecting BAS networks. In this dissertation we aim at developing a general methodology named Context Aware Anomaly based Behavior Analysis (CAABA) which combines Context Awareness technique with Anomaly based Behavior Analysis in order to detect any type of anomaly behaviors occurred in Building Automation Systems. Context Awareness is a technique which is widely used in pervasive computing and it aims at gathering information about a system's environment so it can accurately characterize the current operational context of the BAS network and its services. The CAABA methodology can be used to protect a variety of BAS networks in a sustainable and reliable way. To handle the heterogeneous BAS information, we developed a novel Context Aware Data Structure to represent the information acquired from the sensors and resources during execution of the BAS system which can explicitly describe the system's behavior. By performing Anomaly based Behavior Analysis over the set of context arrays using either data mining algorithm or statistical functions, the BAS baseline models are generated. To validate our methodology, we have applied it to two different building application scenarios: a smart building system which is usually implemented in industrial and commercial office buildings and a smart home system which is implemented in residential buildings, where we have achieved good detection results with low detection errors.

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Veerapuneni, Satish Kumar. "Benchmarking smart homes using a humanoid robot approach." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2004. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0006467.

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Mani, GaneshKumar. "Heterogeneous Residential Gateway Design Using OSGi : With multi-user and multi-service capabilities." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för informations- och kommunikationsteknik (ICT), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-208327.

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As a result of developments, domestic usage of smart appliances by homeowners is increasing drastically. Clustering these appliances together and making them function as an efficient system defines a new place to live or new way of living called a “smart home”. While a smart home provides comfort to homeowners, realizing a smart home involves many technical and business oriented hurdles to be crossed. The primary goal of this thesis work is to design and evaluate the design of a residential gateway. This gateway should be designed as a standardized, secure, open source, hardware independent, and interoperable Residential Gateway. A service-oriented architecture is proposed using the OSGi framework to design the residential gateway and its individual components. These components include an access control component for homeowner authorization, a resource management component for managing connected devices, an automation component to realize an automation service, and finally a context component to provide context aware services to the homeowner. The final design proposed tries to solve the issues faced by some automation systems that are available in market. The evaluation of the design includes whether the design satisfies the basic requirements for a home gateway. This is followed by a comparison with existing systems with an emphasis on the improved features. The components proposed in the design could be used to construct a residential gateway that supports multiple services and multiple users. The proposed design will be taken into consideration during the design of Acreo’s home automation system.
Som en följd av utvecklingen inom vetenskap och teknik så har användningen av smarta lösningar i hushållen ökat drastiskt. Att samla dessa apparater och få dem att fungera tillsammans som ett effektivt system, skapar ett nytt hem och ett nytt sätt att leva: ett smart hem. Å ena sidan så ger smartare lösningar ett bekvämare boende, men å andra sidan innebär det också många tekniska och affärsinriktade hinder att ta sig över. Det primära målet med denna avhandling är att utforma en bostadsgateway som är att utforma en standardiserad, säker, open source, maskinvaruoberoende, interoperabel Residential Gateway. En serviceorienterad arkitektur föreslås med hjälp av OSGi-ramverket för utformning av bostadsgateway-komponenter. Komponenterna innefattar behörighetskontroll för husägare för tillgångskontroll, resurshanteringskomponenter för hantering av anslutna enheter, automationskomponent för att inkludera automationstjänst och slutligen kontextkomponent för att tillhandahålla kontextbevakad tjänster till husägaren. Den slutliga designen som föreslås försöker lösa de problem som vissa automationssystem som finns på marknaden står inför. Utvärderingen av konstruktionen med grundläggande krav för att bygga hemgateways och med befintliga system ger information om de improviserade funktionerna. De komponenter som föreslås i konstruktionen kan användas för att bygga en bostadsgateway som stöder flera tjänster och flera användare. Den föreslagna konstruktionen kommer att beaktas vid utformningen av Acreos hemautomatiseringssystem.

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Saßmannshausen, Jochen [Verfasser]. "Attribute-based Access Control for Smart Grids and Industrial Automation and Control Systems / Jochen Saßmannshausen." Düren : Shaker, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1215461860/34.

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Habeeb, Richard. "Improving the Security of Building Automation Systems Through an seL4-based Communication Framework." Scholar Commons, 2018. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/7161.

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Existing Building Automation Systems (BASs) and Building Automation Networks (BANs) have been shown to have serious cybersecurity problems. Due to the safety-critical and interconnected nature of building subsystems, local and network access control needs to be finer grained, taking into consideration the varying criticality of applications running on heterogeneous devices. In this paper, we present a secure communication framework for BASs that 1) enforces rich access control policy for operating system services and objects, leveraging a microkernel-based architecture; 2) supports fine-grained network access control on a per-process basis; 3) unifies the security control of inter-device and intra-device communication using proxy processes; 4) tunnels legacy insecure communication protocols (e.g., BACnet) through a secure channel, such as SSL, in a manner transparent to legacy applications. We implemented the framework on seL4, a formally verified microkernel. We conducted extensive experiments and analysis to compare the performance and effectiveness of our communication systems against a traditional Linux-based implementation of the same control scenario. Our experiments show that the communication performance of our system is faster or comparable to the Linux-based architecture in embedded systems.

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Jan, Jonathan. "Collecting Data for Building Automation Analytics : A case study for collecting operational data with minimal human intervention." Thesis, KTH, Radio Systems Laboratory (RS Lab), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-233319.

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Approximately 40% of the total energy consumption within the EU is due to buildings, and similar numbers can be found in the US. If the principal inefficiencies in buildings were easily identifiable, then a facility manager could focus their resources to make the buildings more efficient, which would lead to both cost savings for the facility owners and decrease the building’s ecological footprint. In building automation systems today, data is already being collected every second, but due to the lack of standardization for describing this data, having access to data is not the same as being able to make use of it. The existing heterogeneity makes it very costly to gather data from multiple buildings, thus making it difficult to understand the big picture. Facility managers cannot fix what they cannot see; thus it is important to facilitate the visualization of the data collected from all of the different building automation systems. This potentially offers great benefits with regards to both sustainability and economy. In this thesis, the author’s goal is to propose a sustainable, cost and time effective data integration strategy for real estate owners who wish to gain greater insight into their buildings’ efficiency. The study begins with a literature study to find previous and on-going attempts to solve this problem. Some initiatives for standardization of semantic models were found. Two of these models, Brick and Haystack, were chosen. One building automation system (BAS) was tested in a pilot case study, to test the appropriateness of a solution. The key results from this thesis project show that data from building automation systems, can be integrated into an analysis platform, and an extract, transform, and load (ETL) process for this is presented. How time efficiently data can be tagged and transformed into a common format is very dependent upon the current control system’s data storage format and whether information about its structure is adequate. It is also noted that there is no guarantee that facility managers have access to the control system’s database or information about how that is structured, in such cases other techniques can be used such as BACnet/IP, or Open Platform Communications (OPC) Unified Architecture.
Ungefär 40 % av den totala energikonsumtionen i E.U. och U.S.A. förbrukas av fastigheter. Om de delar av fastigheten som är ineffektiva enkelt kunde identifieras, skulle det underlätta fastighetsförvaltarnas arbete i att göra byggnader mer energisnåla. Detta har i sin tur potential att minska kostnader och byggnaders ekologiska fotavtryck. I dagens fastighetsautomationssystem samlas data in varje sekund, men på grund av att det saknas ett standardiserat sätt att beskriva den på, är det skillnad på att ha tillgång till data och att faktiskt kunna använda sig av den. Heterogeniteten gör att det blir både kostsamt och tidskrävande för fastighetsförvaltare att samla in data från sina fastigheter. Fastighetsförvaltare kan inte åtgärda något det inte kan se. Därför är det viktigt att underlätta möjligheten för visualisering av data från olika typer av fastighetsautomationssystem. Att lyckas med detta har potential att ge positiva effekter både när det gäller hållbarhet och ekonomi. I den här uppsatsen är författarens mål att komma fram till en hållbar, kostnads- och tidseffektiv integrationsstrategi för fastighetsförvaltare som vill få bättre insikter hur effektiv deras byggnad faktiskt är. Forskningsarbetet inleds med en litteraturstudie för att finna tidigare och pågående försök att lösa detta problem. Några initiativ för standardisering av semantiska modeller för att beskriva data inom fastighetsautomation hittades. Två av dessa, Brick och Project Haystack, valdes ut. En byggnad, och ett fastighetsautomationssystem testades i en pilotstudie. Resultaten från studien pekar på att data från fastighetautomationssystem kan integreras med en analysplattform, och en så kallad ETL-process, efter de engelska orden: extract, transform, load; presenteras för att uppnå det målet. Hur tidseffektivt data kan taggas och transformeras beror på det nuvarande kontrollsystemets datalagringsformat och om information om dess struktur är adekvat. Det noteras att det inte finns någon garanti till att få åtkomst till kontrollsystemets databas, eller information om dess struktur, därför presenteras även alternativa tekniker, däribland BACnet/IP och Open Platform Communications (OPC) Unified Architecture.

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Townsend, Jack H. "Digital systems for sustainability : a classification of ICT4S and smart green startups distinguishing automation, social computing and cleantech push." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2017. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/424894/.

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Amongst the many innovations of the digital industry have been systems termed “smart green”, “cleanweb” or “Sustainability by ICT” that enable more sustainable patterns of production and consumption. The field of ICT for Sustainability (ICT4S) has developed conceptualisations of these systems such as the LES Model that describes their “enabling impacts” upon production and consumption. However, initial action research amongst cleanweb startups suggested that important groups of smart green system are not distinguished by existing conceptualisations, notably the highly social systems with many interacting users, and the systems that support the adoption of more sustainable products. To address these limitations with existing conceptualisations of ICT4S, a qualitative analysis was undertaken of cleanweb companies, mapping out the range of possibilities being explored by the industry. 500 company descriptions were analysed, primarily from the CrunchBase online database. A list of search terms was developed to identify the most relevant companies. Significant characteristics of the companies were coded, and the codes were then sorted and resorted to identify higher-level concepts and categories, refined by classifying new samples, and modelled by diagramming. The result, and main contribution, is a typology of the enabling impacts of smart green systems termed the “Smart Green Map” (SGM) that organises them along five dimensions. Digital systems were found to decouple resource use either by “saving” resources directly through efficiency, or otherwise indirectly by “pushing cleantech” i.e. enhancing the adoption, construction and operation of more sustainable products. This dichotomy forms a dimension of the SGM called “Decoupling Directness”. The contrasting mechanisms of “saving” and “pushing” were modelled with the LES Model’s resource-use hierarchy theory. The new “push” category of enabling impacts of DDS was not clearly distinguished by established conceptualisations of ICT4S. These push impacts work by actually increasing consumption of certain products such as solar panels, bicycles, or home insulation. A fresh sample of cleanweb companies and ICT4S research papers was then classified with the SGM, to assess its utility for research. Classification by Decoupling Directness found that, as hypothesised, whilst “push systems” comprised half of the startups, they made up only 18% of research papers. Digital systems were found to combine people and digital technology in four contrasting ways, termed the “Enablers”: “Automation” is purely technological with little human involvement; “Augmentation” supports and shapes the actions of one main user; “Coordination” supports the communication, interaction and collective action of many users; whilst “Autination” – a term proposed here for “automated coordination” – automates interactions between human actors. These four Enablers are the cells of a 2x2 matrix whose axes are “level of automation” and “level of social interaction”, two further dimensions of the SGM. A venture capital firm has used the Enablers as the basis for their investment framework, informing decisions and communicating policies to investors and the wider market, as described in a case study. The processes of production and consumption by which resource use is decoupled were best described as part of the Circular Economy. These processes form a further dimension of the SGM that situates recycling, reuse and maintenance within ICT4S, and Sharing Economy systems such as tool-sharing and ride-sharing platforms. The remaining dimension of the SGM is the type of resource, such as heat energy, water or materials.

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Mao, Congcong. "Privacy Issues in IoT : Privacy concerns in smart home." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för informatik (IK), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-90587.

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In a world of the Internet of Things, smart home has shown a great potency and trend. A smart home is a convenient home setup where appliances and devices can be automatically controlled remotely from any internet-connected place in the world using a mobile or other networked device. Smart home has changed the way the residents interacted with their home and realised more convenience. Although this technology also has positive impact on saving energy and resources, privacy issues in it have shown to one of the biggest obstacles to the adaption of this technology. The purpose of this thesis is to study smart home users’ perceptions of smart homes and their privacy awareness and concerns. The research was conducted through interviews and followed an interpretive research paradigm and a qualitative research approach. In this study, 5 smart home owners were interviewed to investigate their reasons for purchasing IoT devices, their perceptions of smart home privacy risks, and actions to protect their privacy, as well as managing IoT devices and/or its data. The research results show that there are privacy risks existing in smart homes. Consumers’ privacy data is collected secretly, which needs to be controlled, and privacy issues have to be addressed in the near future for the smart home to be fully adopted by the society.

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Kalalas, Charalampos. "Cellular networks for smart grid communication." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/620760.

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The next-generation electric power system, known as smart grid, relies on a robust and reliable underlying communication infrastructure to improve the efficiency of electricity distribution. Cellular networks, e.g., LTE/LTE-A systems, appear as a promising technology to facilitate the smart grid evolution. Their inherent performance characteristics and well-established ecosystem could potentially unlock unprecedented use cases, enabling real-time and autonomous distribution grid operations. However, cellular technology was not originally intended for smart grid communication, associated with highly-reliable message exchange and massive device connectivity requirements. The fundamental differences between smart grid and human-type communication challenge the classical design of cellular networks and introduce important research questions that have not been sufficiently addressed so far. Motivated by these challenges, this doctoral thesis investigates novel radio access network (RAN) design principles and performance analysis for the seamless integration of smart grid traffic in future cellular networks. Specifically, we focus on addressing the fundamental RAN problems of network scalability in massive smart grid deployments and radio resource management for smart grid and human-type traffic. The main objective of the thesis lies on the design, analysis and performance evaluation of RAN mechanisms that would render cellular networks the key enabler for emerging smart grid applications. The first part of the thesis addresses the radio access limitations in LTE-based networks for reliable and scalable smart grid communication. We first identify the congestion problem in LTE random access that arises in large-scale smart grid deployments. To overcome this, a novel random access mechanism is proposed that can efficiently support real-time distribution automation services with negligible impact on the background traffic. Motivated by the stringent reliability requirements of various smart grid operations, we then develop an analytical model of the LTE random access procedure that allows us to assess the performance of event-based monitoring traffic under various load conditions and network configurations. We further extend our analysis to include the relation between the cell size and the availability of orthogonal random access resources and we identify an additional challenge for reliable smart grid connectivity. To this end, we devise an interference- and load-aware cell planning mechanism that enhances reliability in substation automation services. Finally, we couple the problem of state estimation in wide-area monitoring systems with the reliability challenges in information acquisition. Using our developed analytical framework, we quantify the impact of imperfect communication reliability in the state estimation accuracy and we provide useful insights for the design of reliability-aware state estimators. The second part of the thesis builds on the previous one and focuses on the RAN problem of resource scheduling and sharing for smart grid and human-type traffic. We introduce a novel scheduler that achieves low latency for distribution automation traffic while resource allocation is performed in a way that keeps the degradation of cellular users at a minimum level. In addition, we investigate the benefits of Device-to-Device (D2D) transmission mode for event-based message exchange in substation automation scenarios. We design a joint mode selection and resource allocation mechanism which results in higher data rates with respect to the conventional transmission mode via the base station. An orthogonal resource partition scheme between cellular and D2D links is further proposed to prevent the underutilization of the scarce cellular spectrum. The research findings of this thesis aim to deliver novel solutions to important RAN performance issues that arise when cellular networks support smart grid communication.
Las redes celulares, p.e., los sistemas LTE/LTE-A, aparecen como una tecnología prometedora para facilitar la evolución de la próxima generación del sistema eléctrico de potencia, conocido como smart grid (SG). Sin embargo, la tecnología celular no fue pensada originalmente para las comunicaciones en la SG, asociadas con el intercambio fiable de mensajes y con requisitos de conectividad de un número masivo de dispositivos. Las diferencias fundamentales entre las comunicaciones en la SG y la comunicación de tipo humano desafían el diseño clásico de las redes celulares e introducen importantes cuestiones de investigación que hasta ahora no se han abordado suficientemente. Motivada por estos retos, esta tesis doctoral investiga los principios de diseño y analiza el rendimiento de una nueva red de acceso radio (RAN) que permita una integración perfecta del tráfico de la SG en las redes celulares futuras. Nos centramos en los problemas fundamentales de escalabilidad de la RAN en despliegues de SG masivos, y en la gestión de los recursos radio para la integración del tráfico de la SG con el tráfico de tipo humano. El objetivo principal de la tesis consiste en el diseño, el análisis y la evaluación del rendimiento de los mecanismos de las RAN que convertirán a las redes celulares en el elemento clave para las aplicaciones emergentes de las SGs. La primera parte de la tesis aborda las limitaciones del acceso radio en redes LTE para la comunicación fiable y escalable en SGs. En primer lugar, identificamos el problema de congestión en el acceso aleatorio de LTE que aparece en los despliegues de SGs a gran escala. Para superar este problema, se propone un nuevo mecanismo de acceso aleatorio que permite soportar de forma eficiente los servicios de automatización de la distribución eléctrica en tiempo real, con un impacto insignificante en el tráfico de fondo. Motivados por los estrictos requisitos de fiabilidad de las diversas operaciones en la SG, desarrollamos un modelo analítico del procedimiento de acceso aleatorio de LTE que nos permite evaluar el rendimiento del tráfico de monitorización de la red eléctrica basado en eventos bajo diversas condiciones de carga y configuraciones de red. Además, ampliamos nuestro análisis para incluir la relación entre el tamaño de celda y la disponibilidad de recursos de acceso aleatorio ortogonales, e identificamos un reto adicional para la conectividad fiable en la SG. Con este fin, diseñamos un mecanismo de planificación celular que tiene en cuenta las interferencias y la carga de la red, y que mejora la fiabilidad en los servicios de automatización de las subestaciones eléctricas. Finalmente, combinamos el problema de la estimación de estado en sistemas de monitorización de redes eléctricas de área amplia con los retos de fiabilidad en la adquisición de la información. Utilizando el modelo analítico desarrollado, cuantificamos el impacto de la baja fiabilidad en las comunicaciones sobre la precisión de la estimación de estado. La segunda parte de la tesis se centra en el problema de scheduling y compartición de recursos en la RAN para el tráfico de SG y el tráfico de tipo humano. Presentamos un nuevo scheduler que proporciona baja latencia para el tráfico de automatización de la distribución eléctrica, mientras que la asignación de recursos se realiza de un modo que mantiene la degradación de los usuarios celulares en un nivel mínimo. Además, investigamos los beneficios del modo de transmisión Device-to-Device (D2D) en el intercambio de mensajes basados en eventos en escenarios de automatización de subestaciones eléctricas. Diseñamos un mecanismo conjunto de asignación de recursos y selección de modo que da como resultado tasas de datos más elevadas con respecto al modo de transmisión convencional a través de la estación base. Finalmente, se propone un esquema de partición de recursos ortogonales entre enlaces celulares y D2

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14

Mearini, Filippo. "Study and integration of smart devices adopting the novel IO-Link communication protocol in automation systems with different network architectures." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/19588/.

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Nel panorama attuale in cui l'automazione industriale presenta una forte tendenza verso l’Industria 4.0, il protocollo di comunicazione IO-Link potrebbe risultare un'interessante novità per semplificare la comunicazione tra il livello di controllo e il campo, permettendo maggiore flessibilità delle linee produttive, grazie a maggiore libertà di configurazione dei dispositivi di campo. Il lavoro presentato in questa tesi parte da un’analisi teorica sulle modalità di funzionamento e le potenzialità di IO-Link, con un breve accenno su IO-Link Wireless e IO-Link Safety. Quindi si sviluppa in una sezione centrale ove è stata studiata la possibilità di integrare IO-Link con le maggiori architetture commerciali (B&R, Siemens, Rockwell) e con l’architettura proprietaria IMA. In questa fase è stata analizzata, per ogni architettura, la semplicità con cui si riesce a creare la configurazione hardware, a leggere le process data prodotte da un IO-Link Device e i mezzi forniti per accedere i parametri di configurazione del dispositivo. Sempre in questa fase sono state effettuate alcune prove sulle prestazioni di IO-Link e sulla gestione della concorrenza, utilizzando l’architettura B&R. Per permettere una lettura chiara dei process data, è stata anche realizzata una libreria che scompone i process data grezzi provenienti da alcuni IO-Link Device utilizzati durante i test. Tra questi dispositivi è stato identificato un encoder come uno dei più interessanti per applicazioni future, realizzando un apposito function block per architettura B&R che ne gestisca le funzionalità, insieme alla possibilità di salvare/caricare i suoi parametri di configurazione in/da un file XML salvato nella Compact Flash del controllore. Alla fine è riportato un riepilogo del lavoro svolto, con accenno ad alcuni possibili sviluppi futuri. Nelle conclusioni sono incluse anche alcune note teoriche sulla gestione dei guasti di IO-Link Master e IO-Link Device relative a ognuna delle architetture analizzate.

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15

Loeffler, Benjamin Haile. "Modeling and optimization of a thermosiphon for passive thermal management systems." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/45960.

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An optimally designed thermosiphon for power electronics cooling is developed. There exists a need for augmented grid assets to facilitate power routing and decrease line losses. Power converter augmented transformers (PCATs) are critically limited thermally. Conventional active cooling system pumps and fans will not meet the 30 year life and 99.9% reliability required for grid scale implementation. This approach seeks to develop a single-phase closed-loop thermosiphon to remove heat from power electronics at fluxes on the order of 10 - 15 W/cm2. The passive thermosiphon is inherently a coupled thermal-fluid system. A parametric model and multi-physics design optimization code will be constructed to simulate thermosiphon steady state performance. The model will utilize heat transfer and fluid dynamic correlations from literature. A particle swarm optimization technique will be implemented for its performance with discrete domain problems. Several thermosiphons will be constructed, instrumented, and tested to verify the model and reach an optimal design.

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Fältros, Jesper, Isak Alinger, and Bergen Axel von. "Safety risks with ZigBee smart devices : Identifying risks and countermeasures in ZigBee devices with an eavesdropping experiment." Thesis, Tekniska Högskolan, Jönköping University, JTH, Datateknik och informatik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-49630.

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With ZigBee being the world’s leading IoT protocol, users are vulnerable to attacks on the wireless communication between ZigBee devices and the information that can be gained from them. For users to protect themselves from potential attacks they need to be aware of what information can be extracted and how it can be countered. Through an eavesdropping experiment, done using three individual sensors from different vendors, various packets with potential for misuse have been identified within the area of building security. With the potential areas of misuse identified, there is also a need for countermeasures against these threats. Countermeasures were identified through a collection of literature that was summarized in order to provide a wide range of alternatives, suitable to different scenarios. The experiment was limited to the functions of the sensors used, as well as traffic using the ZigBee protocol. This study pinpoints a potential for misuse of the ZigBee traffic sent between devices and shows that the ZigBee protocol is fundamentally flawed from a security aspect. Whilst countermeasures exist, they are not applicable to every situation which is why the ZigBee protocol itself needs further development to be considered secure.

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17

Santos, LucÃlia Alves dos. "IntegraÃÃo de um sistema de recomposiÃÃo automÃtico via OPC para automaÃÃo da rede elÃtrica de distribuiÃÃo em mÃdia tensÃo do campus do Pici da Universidade Federal do CearÃ." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2015. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=16331.

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Durante muito tempo a manutenÃÃo do sistema de distribuiÃÃo do campus do Pici da Universidade Federal do CearÃ - UFC foi de responsabilidade da Companhia EnergÃtica do CearÃ â Coelce, pela parceria entre os governos federal e estadual. No entanto, com a privatizaÃÃo da Coelce no ano de 1998, a UFC assumiu essa demanda e por muitos anos, por falta de recursos e planejamento, fez-se apenas intervenÃÃes corretivas emergenciais na infraestrutura existente, resultando em vÃrios problemas na continuidade de suprimento. Felizmente, os Ãltimos gestores atentaram para o problema e muitos investimentos na rede de distribuiÃÃo em mÃdia tensÃo estÃo sendo realizados, visando Ã modernizaÃÃo e melhoria da seguranÃa, disponibilidade e continuidade do suprimento de energia elÃtrica do campus do Pici. Estas aÃÃes tÃm embasamento tÃcnico nos estudos realizados pelo Departamento de Engenharia ElÃtrica em parceria com o setor de engenharia da UFC (UFC-Infra). Nesse contexto, foi idealizada e estÃ em fase de implantaÃÃo uma subestaÃÃo de 69-13,8 kV, composta de dois transformadores de 5/6,25 MVA, sendo um de reserva, trÃs saÃdas de alimentadores e nove religadores distribuÃdos ao longo da rede de mÃdia tensÃo em 13,8 kV do campus. Este sistema serÃ operado, supervisionado e controlado por um sistema SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Aquisition), desenvolvido na plataforma comercial Elipse Power, utilizando o banco de dados MicrosoftÂ SQL Server 2012 â versÃo Express. No Ãmbito da automaÃÃo, foi desenvolvida e integrada ao SCADA, via comunicaÃÃo OPC (Open Platform Communications), uma funÃÃo avanÃada denominada, Sistema de RecomposiÃÃo AutomÃtica (SRA-PICI). O SRA-PICI foi desenvolvido em linguagem C#, utilizando o programa Microsoft Visual Studio 2010, modelado em Redes de Petri Coloridas, e testado usando a ferramenta de anÃlise CPN Tools. Para integraÃÃo dos aplicativos SCADA e SRA foi utilizado o protocolo aberto OPC que especifica a comunicaÃÃo de dados em tempo real entre um elemento fonte e um elemento receptor de diferentes fabricantes. Testes de validaÃÃo do SRA e da comunicaÃÃo entre os aplicativos foram realizados em laboratÃrio, que atestam o sucesso da implementaÃÃo e abrem perspectivas importantes para avanÃar na direÃÃo de uma rede elÃtrica inteligente para o campus do Pici.
For a long time the maintenance of the power distribution system of the Pici Campus of the Federal University of CearÃ - UFC was the responsibility of the Energy Company of CearÃ - Coelce, by the partnership between the federal and state governments. However, with the privatization of Coelce in 1998, the UFC assumed that demand and for many years, due to lack of resources and planning, only the emergency and corrective interventions have taken place, thereby have emerged several problems in continuous supply. Fortunately, the last managers have paid attention to the problem and many investments in the medium voltage distribution network are being carried out, aimed at modernizing and improving security, availability and continuity of energy supply of Pici campus. These actions were based on technical studies conducted by the Department of Electrical Engineering in partnership with the engineering sector of the UFC (UFC-Infra). In this context, was designed and is being implemented a power substation of 69 to 13.8 kV, with two transformers of 5 / 6.25 MVA, , three outputs feeders and nine reclosers distributed throughout the medium voltage distribution network of the campus. This system will be operated, supervised and controlled by a SCADA system (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition), developed in the commercial platform Elipse Power using the MicrosoftÂ SQL Server 2012 database - Express version. In the field of automation, it was developed and integrated into the SCADA via OPC (Open Communications Platform), an advanced function called Automatic Restoration System (ARS-PICI). The ARS-PICI was developed in C # using Microsoft Visual Studio 2010 program, modelled on Colored Petri Nets, and tested using the CPN Tools analysis program. For integration of the SCADA and the ARS application software was used the OPC open protocol that specifies the real time data communication between a source element and a receiving element from different manufacturers. Validation tests of the ARS and communication between the software SCADA-ARS were performed in the laboratory, attesting to the successful implementation and opening important perspectives to advance toward a smart grid to the campus of the Pici.

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18

Ma, Sicong, Prina Shah, and Jun Che. "A Vision for a Better User Experience in a Smart Home." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för maskinteknik, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-3089.

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The maturity of smart home technologies and wireless capabilities, increased accessibility through mass-market availability of internet is making the feasibility of the smart home more realistic. The added incentives to better control utilities and communications to make lives more sustainable, has also driven the growth in the market. This thesis investigates the advantages of the smart home both for the environment and user. Outlining opportunities for business by finding gaps in the market is to better synthesise products and services to improve the user experience. A literature review, market research and ethnographic research was undertaken to understand the current state of the smart home industry and identify the main stakeholders that impact the user. A customer journey map was created to visualise the user process and highlighted problem areas. A survey showed users were most concerned about quality, functions and saving energy and money. The survey perceptions on interactions with technology also shed light into the necessity for robust and reliable technology and adaptable products and services. The final outcome is a prototype model to improve user experience, including stakeholder influence, user needs and the connections between different stakeholders from pre-sale, sale and after-sale.

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19

Karlsson, Daniel, and Alex Lindström. "Automated Learning and Decision : Making of a Smart Home System." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-234313.

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Smart homes are custom-fitted systems for users to manage their home environments. Smart homes consist of devices which has the possibility to communicate between each other. In a smart home system, the communication is used by a central control unit to manage the environment and the devices in it. Setting up a smart home today involves a lot of manual customizations to make it function as the user wishes. What smart homes lack is the possibility to learn from users behaviour and habits in order to provide a customized environment for the user autonomously. The purpose of this thesis is to examine whether environmental data can be collected and used in a small smart home system to learn about the users behaviour. To collect data and attempt this learning process, a system is set up. The system uses a central control unit for mediation between wireless electrical outlets and sensors. The sensors track motion, light, temperature as well as humidity. The devices and sensors along with user interactions in the environment make up the collected data. Through studying the collected data, the system is able to create rules. These rules are used for the system to make decisions within its environment to suit the users’ needs. The performance of the system varies depending on how the data collection is handled. Results find that collecting data in intervals as well as when an action is made from the user is important.
Smarta hem är system avsedda för att hjälpa användare styra sin hemmiljö. Ett smart hem är uppbyggt av enheter med möjlighet att kommunicera med varandra. För att kontrollera enheterna i ett smart hem, används en central styrenhet. Att få ett smart hem att vara anpassat till användare är ansträngande och tidskrävande. Smarta hemsystem saknar i stor utsträckning möjligheten att lära sig av användarens beteende. Vad ett sådant lärande skulle kunna möjliggöra är ett skräddarsytt system utan användarens involvering. Syftet med denna avhandling är att undersöka hur användardata från en hemmiljö kan användas i ett smart hemsystem för att lära sig av användarens beteende. Ett litet smart hemsystem har skapats för att studera ifall denna inlärningsmetod är applicerbar. Systemet består av sensorer, trådlösa eluttag och en central styrenhet. Den centrala styrenheten används för att kontrollera de olika enheterna i miljön. Sensordata som sparas av systemet består av rörelse, ljusstyrka, temperatur och luftfuktighet. Systemet sparar även användarens beteende i miljön. Systemet skapar regler utifrån sparad data med målet att kunna styra enheterna i miljön på ett sätt som passar användaren. Systemets agerande varierade beroende på hur data samlades in. Resultatet visar vikten av att samla in data både i intervaller och när användare tar ett beslut i miljön.

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20

Roe, Curtis Aaron. "Impacts of automated residential energy management technology on primary energy source utilization." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/45865.

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The objective of the proposed research is to analyze automated residential energy management technology using primary energy source utilization. A residential energy management system (REMS) is an amalgamation of hardware and software that performs residential energy usage monitoring, planning, and control. Primary energy source utilization quantifies power system levels impacts on power generation cost, fuel utilization, and environmental air pollution; based on power system generating constraints and electric load. Automated residential energy management technology performance is quantified through a physically-based REMS simulation. This simulation includes individual appliance operation and accounts for consumer behavior by stochastically varying appliance usage and repeating multiple simulation iterations for each simulated scenario. The effect of the automated REMS under varying levels of control will be considered. Aggregate REMS power system impacts are quantified using primary energy source utilization. This analysis uses a probabilistic economic dispatch algorithm. The economic dispatch algorithm quantifies: fuel usage and subsequent environmental air pollution (EAP) generated; based on power system generating constraints and electric load (no transmission constraints are considered). The analysis will comprehensively explore multiple residential energy management options to achieve demand response. The physically-based REMS simulation will consider the following control options: programmable thermostat, direct load control, smart appliance scheduling, and smart appliance scheduling with a stationary battery. The ability to compare multiple automated residential energy management technology options on an equal basis will guide utility technology investment strategies.

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Davis, Cledo L. "The systems integration of autonomous behavior analysis to create a "Maritime Smart Environment" for the enhancement of maritime domain awareness." Thesis, Monterey, California : Naval Postgraduate School, 2010. http://edocs.nps.edu/npspubs/scholarly/theses/2010/Jun/10Jun%5FDavis.pdf.

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Thesis (M.S. in Systems Engineering)--Naval Postgraduate School, June 2010.
Thesis Advisor(s): Goshorn, Rachel ; Goshorn, Deborah. "June 2010." Description based on title screen as viewed on June 24, 2010. Author(s) subject terms: Anomaly Detection, Artificial Intelligence, Automation, Behavior Analysis, Distributed Artificial Intelligence, Intelligence-Surveillance-Reconnaissance, Maritime Domain Awareness, Maritime Force Protection, Multi-agent Systems, Network-centric Operations, Network-centric Systems Engineering, Network-centric Warfare, Smart Sensor Networks, Systems Engineering, Systems Integration, System of Systems. Includes bibliographical references (p. 209-212). Also available in print.

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22

Fonseca, Murilo Larroza. "Framework para construção e análise de sistemas de gestão de energia elétrica para consumidores de baixa tensão em Redes Elétricas Inteligentes." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/62076.

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As Redes Elétricas Inteligentes podem ser entendidas como o uso intensivo de tecnologias de informação e comunicação nas redes elétricas, permitindo um fluxo bidirecional de informações e eletricidade pela rede, de forma a obter uma infraestrutura capaz de automaticamente monitorar, proteger e otimizar a operação de seus elementos. A modernização da infraestrutura elétrica no sentido das Redes Elétricas Inteligentes é inevitável e trará profundas mudanças em todos os segmentos do sistema elétrico. Embora a tecnologia necessária para essa modernização já exista a um custo razoável, ainda restam várias questões que devem ser resolvidas. Indefinições em relação aos padrões a serem adotados, regulamentações, segurança, privacidade e vários aspectos tecnológicos dificultam uma implementação coerente, adiando essa modernização. Assim, este trabalho busca apresentar esse cenário em relação às Redes Elétricas Inteligentes, investigando as tendências e situação atual. Dentre essas tendências, há um grande interesse em definir e implementar mecanismos que incentivem uma maior conscientização dos consumidores em relação ao seu uso de energia, além de uma participação ativa dos mesmos no mercado de energia. Isso exigirá a utilização de ferramentas que possibilitem a redução de custos através do uso mais eficiente da energia. Assim, é também proposto um framework para a construção e análise dessas ferramentas que buscam auxiliar os consumidores nesse cenário em formação. O framework proposto foi construído utilizando uma abordagem por Sistemas Multiagentes e possibilita a construção, simulação e análise de diversos sistemas, em diferentes cenários, com variados tipos de equipamentos, tanto reais como virtuais, sob diferentes protocolos de comunicação e com a possibilidade de uso de diversos algoritmos para a operação conjunta dos equipamentos.
Smart Grids can be understood as the intensive use of information and communication technologies over the electricity networks, allowing a bidirectional flow of information and electricity through the network. It is a system that tries to optimize the supply and demand of energy through the integration of distributed generation and renewable energy resources, and through the active participation of consumers as well as an intense trade relationship between all the segments of the electricity sector. The modernization of the electrical infrastructure towards Smart Grids is inevitable and it will bring deep changes in all segments of the electrical system. Although the necessary technology for this modernization already exists at a reasonable cost, there are still several issues to be solved. Uncertainties regarding standards to be adopted, regulations, security, privacy and many technological aspects difficult a consistent implementation and, therefore, delay this modernization. Thus, this study aims to present the Smart Grid scenario, by the investigation of its current situation and tendencies. Among these tendencies, there is a great interest to define and implement mechanisms to encourage consumer to take care about their electrical energy use and to stimulate their active participation in the energy market. This will require tools that will help them to reduce costs through a more efficient use of energy. Therefore, this work proposes also a framework for the development and analysis of these tools that help consumers at this scenario under construction. The proposed framework is built using a Multiagent System approach which allows the construction, simulation and analysis of various systems in different scenarios. In addition, it allows the use of several types of equipments, both real and virtual, under different communication protocols and with the possible use of various algorithms for a joint operation of all Smart Grid equipments.

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Mahmoud, Thair. "Optimal power generation in microgrids using agent-based technology." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2013. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/599.

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The existing power grids that form the basis of the respective electrical power infrastructures for various states and nations around the world, are expected to undergo a period of rapid change in the near future. The key element driving this change is the emergence of the Smartgrid. The Smartgrid paradigm represents a transition towards an intelligent, digitally enhanced, two-way power delivery grid. The aim of the Smartgrid is to promote and enhance the e_cient management and operation of the power generation and delivery facilities, by incorporating advanced communications, information technology, automation, and control methodologies into the power grid proper. Smartgrid's are currently an active topic for research, where the research is strongly focused on developing new technologies such as: demand response, power generation management, pricing modelling and energy markets participation, power quality, and self-healing scenarios. In recent times, in both the United States of America and Europe, many new projects have begun which are specifically directed towards developing “Smartgrid” technologies. In Australia, the Federal Government has recently initiated funding plans to promote the commercialisation of renewable energy. In order to exploit these developments, Edith Cowan University (ECU); which is a High Voltage (HV) customer for the major utility network of Western Australia, and which owns its own transformers and Low Voltage (LV) network; is planning to integrate renewable energy suppliers within its LV network. The aim of this research is to introduce a smart decision making system, which can manage the operation of disparate power generation sources installed on a LV network (microgrid); such as that owned by ECU on its campuses. The proposed energy management system is to gather data in real-time, and it must be capable of anticipating and optimising energy needs for each operational scenario that the microgrid might be expected to experience. The system must take into account risk levels, while systematically favouring low economic and environmental costs. A management system application, based on autonomous and distributed controllers, is investigated in a virtual environment. The virtual environment being a full-scale simulation of ECU's microgrid; with solar panels, wind turbines, storage devices, gas gen-sets, and utility supply. Hence the simulation studies were conducted on the basis of realistic demand trends and weather conditions data. The major factors for reducing the cost of generation in the case study, were identified as being: 1) demand forecasting; 2) generation scheduling; 3) markets participation; and 4) autonomous strategies configuration, which is required to cope with the unpredictable operation scenarios in LV networks. Due to the high uncertainty inherent within the operational scenarios; an Artificial Intelligence (AI) deployment for managing the distributed sub-systems was identified as being an ideal mechanism for achieving the above mentioned objectives. Consequently it is proposed that Multi-Agent System (MAS) technology be deployed, to enable the system to respond dynamically to the unpredictable operational conditions by updating the method of analysis. The proposed system is to behave in a strategic manner when dealing with the expected operational scenarios, by aiming to achieve the lowest possible cost of power generation for the microgrid. The simulated system is based on realistic operational scenarios, which have been scaled to suit the size and type of load in the case study. The distributed intelligent modules have proven to be successful in achieving the potential benefits of the dynamic operational conditions, by minimising the cost of power generation. The distributed intelligent modules, which form the basis of the proposed management systems, have been designed to perform the following functions: 1. Provide accurate demand forecasts through the utilisation of an AI-based adaptive demand forecasting model. The novel demand-forecast modelling technique, which was introduced to model demand in the case study, has been utilised to supply reasonably accurate demand forecasts to other stages of processing in the management system. The forecasts are generated from this model, by monitoring and controlling the forecasting error to ensure consistent and satisfactory forecasts. 2. Make optimum decisions concerning the operation of the power generators by considering the economic and the environmental costs. In order to deal with the complexity of the operational conditions, a smart and adaptive generation scheduling method was implemented for the case study. The method was primarily applied to control the charging/ discharging process of the Storage Devices (SDs) among the other generators. The proposed method aims at controlling the resources, and extracting the benefit of having an hourly based variable generation cost. 3. Integrate the microgrid into the electricity market, in order to enable the microgrid to offer its spinning and non-spinning power generation reserve as Ancillary Services (AS) to the grid. To this end, studying the operational mechanisms of the Australian market was essential prior to building the proposed market participation rules which form an integral part of the proposed management system. As a result we used the market data, by approaching the market operators to create a semi-realistic competitive market environment for our simulations. Consequently, a smart and adaptive pricing mechanism, that adapts the AS prices to the amount of electricity on offer, and the level of demand in the market has been presented. The motivation for introducing the proposed management system, is to achieve a transition plan for current microgrids, so that they can have a commercial connection to the future Smartgrid. The results obtained in this work show that there is a signi_cant economic and environmental advantage to be gained from utilising intelligence when managing electricity generation within a power grid. As a consequence, selecting the appropriate management strategy is fundamental to the success of the proposed management system. In conclusion, modelling of the proposed strategies using MAS technology has proven to be a successful approach, and one that is able to reflect the human attitude; in making critical decisions and in reducing the cost of generation.

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Carohl, Qvist Amanda. "IOT inom hemautomation : Jämförande av open-source kontrollers." Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för informationsteknologi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-18922.

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Internet Of Things (IoT) och hemautomation innebär möjligheten att koppla upp diverse enheter i ett hem gentemot internet, som därefter har som mål att underlätta och göra konsumenters vardag mer bekvämt. Hemautomation kan exempelvis handla om att låsa dörrar och tända lampor från en enda enhet (kontrollern), vilket underlättar då konsumenten inte behöver gå till vardera enhet för att utföra önskade aktiviteter. Kontrollers är den del av ett IoT-system inom hemautomation som agerar gränssnittet mellan konsumenten och enheterna.Open-source erbjuder konsumenter ett mer fritt nyttjande av produkter pga. dess öppna källkod. Många problem och frågor som uppstår i samband med dessa produkter härstammar inom området av säkerhet, samt vad som skiljer produkterna åt avseende säkerhet.Denna studie har samlat ihop sex open-source kontrollers och genomfört en jämförelse för att identifiera vilka kontrollers som uppnår säkerhet avseende konfidentialitet, integritet och tillgänglighet. Detta har utförts genom att identifiera vilka värden som förekommer i tidigare artiklar där säkerheten utvärderas för IoT och hemautomation, och för kontrollers.Studien kopplar ihop identifierade värden med CIA modellen, vilket står för confidentiality, integrity och availability (konfidentialitet, integritet och tillgänglighet). I samband med CIA modellen presenteras ett resultat där studiens aktuella kontrollers visar till vilken nivå de upprätthåller CIA modellen, baserat på det identifierade värden som fastställts. De kontrollers som förekommer i studien är Home Genie, OpenHAB, Home Assistant, Domoticz, Calaos och Pimatic.Studiens resultat erhålls via en litterär undersökning av 25 tidigare studier samt 12st tillkommande tekniska dokumentationer och forum för samtliga tillhörande kontrollers. Samtliga studier har blivit hämtade från databaserna Google Scholar, IEEE Xplore och ACM Digital Library och har därefter blivit analyserade och tematiskt kodade för vidare information. Totalt har studiens material genomgått urval i fem steg för att garantera relevant material som stämmer överens med studiens kriterier och mål för innehåll. Studiens resultat presenterar en ögonblicksbild som ger kunskap om jämförda kontrollers, specifikt i samband med CIA modellen, vilket belyser produkterna i samband för området av säkerhet avseende konfidentialitet, integritet och tillgänglighet.
Internet of Things (IoT) and home automation means the opportunity to connect various devices in a home to the Internet, which has the goal of facilitating and making consumers’ everyday lives more comfortable. For example, home automation could be about locking doors and lighting lamps from a single device (the controller), which may make it easier for the consumer since the consumer does not have to go to each device to perform the desired activity. Controllers are the part of a home automation IoT-system that acts as an interface between the consumer and the devices.Open-source offers consumers a freer use of products, due to its open-source code. Many problems and issues that arise in connection with these products originate in the field of security, as well as what distinguishes the products in terms of security.This study has collected six open-source controllers and conducted a comparison to identify which controllers achieve security regarding confidentiality, integrity and availability. This has been done by identifying the values that appear in previous articles where security is evaluated for IoT and home automation, and controllers.This study links identified values with the CIA model, which stands for confidentiality, integrity, and availability. In accordance with the CIA model, a result is presented where the study’s current controllers show to what level they maintain the CIA model, based on the identifies values established. The controllers that appears in this study are Home Genie, OpenHAB, Home Assistant, Domoticz, Calaos, and Pimatic.This study’s results are obtained through a literary study of 25 studies, and 12 additional technical documentations and information through forums for all the associated controllers. All studies have been retrieved from the Google Scholar database, IEEE Xplore, and ACM Digital Library, and subsequently analyzed and thematically coded for further information. In total, the material of this study has been selected in five steps to ensure relevant material that meets this study’s criteria and objectives for content. This study’s results present an overview that provides knowledge about compared controllers, specifically in connection with the CIA model which highlights the products in the field of security, regarding confidentiality, integrity, and availability.

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Ding, Fei. "Smart Distribution System Automation: Network Reconfiguration and Energy Management." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1417291114.

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Teo, Kuan Wei Edmund. "Automating information assurance for cyber situational awareness within a smart cloud system of systems." Thesis, Monterey, California: Naval Postgraduate School, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/41451.

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Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.
In a world in which data is being generated in increasing large volumes and is easily accessible to multiple users in a cloud environment, there is a need to maintain situational awareness and information assurance of the data, ensuring the data is being monitored for vulnerabilities. This is especially crucial for military operations where the information being used to support the mission is confidential and readily available throughout the mission. It is essential to maintain the integrity of that information. The need is even more critical when data is being used to help save lives in natural disaster situations. A trio system concept within an enterprise/cloud network is developed in this research to provide situational awareness and command and control abilities to users, for detecting possible cyber attacks on network and computing resources, and maintaining confidentiality, integrity, and availability of critical data within the network. A systems engineering approach was used to develop and propose the solution to ensure information assurance and cyber situational awareness within a smart cloud of system of systems. This thesis provides system diagrams of the proposed architecture focusing on one of the systems using IDEF0 diagrams, and a feature matrix to demonstrate the concept of Detect, Identify, Predict, and React model. A proof-of-concept experiment for the Identify model is discussed.

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Sylvan, Andreas. "Internet of Things in Surface Mount TechnologyElectronics Assembly." Thesis, KTH, Medieteknik och interaktionsdesign, MID, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-209243.

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Currently manufacturers in the European Surface Mount Technology (SMT) industry seeproduction changeover, machine downtime and process optimization as their biggestchallenges. They also see a need for collecting data and sharing information betweenmachines, people and systems involved in the manufacturing process. Internet of Things (IoT)technology provides an opportunity to make this happen. This research project gives answers tothe question of what the potentials and challenges of IoT implementation are in European SMTmanufacturing. First, key IoT concepts are introduced. Then, through interviews with expertsworking in SMT manufacturing, the current standpoint of the SMT industry is defined. The studypinpoints obstacles in SMT IoT implementation and proposes a solution. Firstly, local datacollection and sharing needs to be achieved through the use of standardized IoT protocols andAPIs. Secondly, because SMT manufacturers do not trust that sensitive data will remain securein the Cloud, a separation of proprietary data and statistical data is needed in order take a stepfurther and collect Big Data in a Cloud service. This will allow for new services to be offered byequipment manufacturers.
I dagsläget upplever tillverkare inom den europeiska ytmonteringsindustrin för elektronikproduktionsomställningar, nedtid för maskiner och processoptimering som sina störstautmaningar. De ser även ett behov av att samla data och dela information mellan maskiner,människor och system som som är delaktiga i tillverkningsprocessen.Sakernas internet, även kallat Internet of Things (IoT), erbjuder teknik som kan göra dettamöjligt. Det här forskningsprojektet besvarar frågan om vilken potential som finns samt vilkautmaningar en implementation av sakernas internet inom europeisk ytmonteringstillverkning avelektronik innebär. Till att börja med introduceras nyckelkoncept inom sakernas internet. Sedandefinieras utgångsläget i elektroniktillverkningsindustrin genom intervjuer med experter.Studien belyser de hinder som ligger i vägen för implementation och föreslår en lösning. Dettainnebär först och främst att datainsamling och delning av data måste uppnås genomanvändning av standardiserade protokoll för sakernas internet ochapplikationsprogrammeringsgränssnitt (APIer). På grund av att elektroniktillverkare inte litar påatt känslig data förblir säker i molnet måste proprietär data separeras från statistisk data. Dettaför att möjliggöra nästa steg som är insamling av så kallad Big Data i en molntjänst. Dettamöjliggör i sin tur för tillverkaren av produktionsmaskiner att erbjuda nya tjänster.

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Rendo, Fernandez Jose Ignacio. "Semantic interoperability in ad-hoc computing environments." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2007. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/3072.

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This thesis introduces a novel approach in which multiple heterogeneous devices collaborate to provide useful applications in an ad-hoc network. This thesis proposes a smart home as a particular ubiquitous computing scenario considering all the requirements given by the literature for succeed in this kind of systems. To that end, we envision a horizontally integrated smart home built up from independent components that provide services. These components are described with enough syntactic, semantic and pragmatic knowledge to accomplish spontaneous collaboration. The objective of these collaboration is domestic use, that is, the provision of valuable services for home residents capable of supporting users in their daily activities. Moreover, for the system to be attractive for potential customers, it should offer high levels of trust and reliability, all of them not at an excessive price. To achieve this goal, this thesis proposes to study the synergies available when an ontological description of home device functionality is paired with a formal method. We propose an ad-hoc home network in which components are home devices modelled as processes represented as semantic services by means of the Web Service Ontology (OWL-S). In addition, such services are specified, verified and implemented by means of the Communicating Sequential Processes (CSP), a process algebra for describing concurrent systems. The utilisation of an ontology brings the desired levels of knowledge for a system to compose services in a ad-hoc environment. Services are composed by a goal based system in order to satisfy user needs. Such system is capable of understaning, both service representations and user context information. Furthermore, the inclusion of a formal method contributes with additional semantics to check that such compositions will be correctly implemented and executed, achieving the levels of reliability and costs reduction (costs derived form the design, development and implementation of the system) needed for a smart home to succeed.

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Hasanzadeh, Mujtaba, and Alexandra Hengl. "Real-Time Pupillary Analysis By An Intelligent Embedded System." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Inbyggda system, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-44352.

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With no online pupillary analysis methods today, both the medical and the research ﬁelds are left to carry out a lengthy, manual and often faulty examination. A real-time, intelligent, embedded systems solution to pupillary analysis would help reduce faulty diagnosis, speed-up the analysis procedure by eliminating the human expert operator and in general, provide a versatile and highly adaptable research tool. Therefore, this thesis has sought to investigate, develop and test possible system designs for pupillary analysis, with the aim for caﬀeine detection. A pair of LED manipulator glasses have been designed to standardize the illumination method across testing. A data analysis method of the raw pupillary data has been established oﬄine and then adapted to a real-time platform. ANN was chosen as classiﬁcation algorithm. The accuracy of the ANN from the oﬄine analysis was 94% while for the online classiﬁcation the obtained accuracy was 17%. A realtime data communication and synchronization method has been developed. The resulting system showed reliable and fast execution times. Data analysis and classiﬁcation took no longer than 2ms, faulty data detection showed consistent results. Data communication suﬀered no message loss. In conclusion, it is reported that a real-time, intelligent, embedded solution is feasible for pupillary analysis.

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Edlund, Fredrik, and Saqib Sarker. "Smart Kitchen : Automatisk inventering av föremål." Thesis, KTH, Data- och elektroteknik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-183583.

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Internet of Things växer fort och förutspås bli en del av vardagen. Detta öppnar möjligheter för att skapa produkter som förenklar vardagslivet. Automatisk objektsidentifiering kombinerad med en automatiserad lagerstatus kan underlätta inventering, något som kan användas till exempel i smarta kylskåp för att göra vardagen enklare genom Internet of Things.Detta examensarbete studerar metoder inom objektsidentifikation för att ta fram ett system som automatiskt kan identifiera objekt och hantera lagerstatus. En prototyp framställdes och testades för att se vilka möjligheter som finns. Systemet använder en Raspberry Pi som basenhet, vilken använder Dlib-bibliotek för att identifiera objekt som har blivit fördefinierade. Vid okända objekt identifierar användaren objekt i en mobilapplikation, systemet kan genom detta lära sig identifiera nya objekt. Samma applikation används för att se lagerstatusen på de olika objekt som har registrerats av systemet. Prototypen klarar av att identifiera kända objekt samt att lära sig nya, enligt projektets mål.
Internet of Things is growing fast and is predicted to become a part of everyday life. This can be used to create products which will make everyday life easier. Automated object detection combined with an automated inventory check can make it easier to manage what is in stock, this is something that can be used in smart refrigerators as an example, to make life more convenient through Internet of Things. This Bachelor thesis studies methods regarding object detection with the purpose to build a system which automatically identifies objects and manages the inventory status. A prototype was built and tested to see what the possibilities there is with such a system. The Prototype uses a Raspberry Pi as core unit, which uses Dlib libraries to identify predefined objects. The user will identify unknown objects via the mobile phone application, which makes it possible for the system to learn how to identify new objects. The same application is used to check the inventory status for the different objects that has been identified by the system. The prototype can identify objects and learn to identify new ones, according to the goals of the project.

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Silva, Humberto de Alencar Pizza da. "Protetor de redes inteligente e relé digital com tecnologia nacional integrando proteção, controle, telecomando e monitoramento viabilizando smart grid e geração distribuída a partir dos sistemas de distribuição subterrâneos nas grandes metrópoles." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/86/86131/tde-08062011-112922/.

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A importância das novas tecnologias de informação, automação, monitoramento e sistemas eletrônicos inteligentes têm aumentado significativamente nos últimos anos. Essas tecnologias desempenham um papel fundamental na sociedade moderna e contribuem de forma decisiva para a resolução de importantes desafios para uma sociedade que quer ser mais próspera, internacionalmente competitiva, saudável, segura e sustentável. Como eixo de \"inovação\", essas tecnologias são fatores importantes para todos os setores produtivos da economia. O motor destas tecnologias, entretanto, é a energia, particularmente a eletricidade. Assim, em uma sociedade cujo estilo de vida é fortemente dependente dela, desenvolver tecnologias que permitam não somente a geração, mas também a distribuição de energia de forma barata e limpa e que garantam seu fornecimento ao longo do tempo com a máxima eficiência é uma questão prioritária. Os sistemas baseados em redes inteligentes (do inglês: Smart Grid) vêm, justamente, atender a esses requisitos, representando o que há de mais moderno no setor elétrico, com aumento e diversificação de fontes de geração distribuída na forma de pequenos geradores, maior interação consumidor-distribuidor de energia, integração de diferentes fontes de geração renováveis (ex.: solar, eólica etc.). O cenário energético nacional está avançando de forma muito rápida. Nas distribuidoras, o foco claramente está na redução de perdas comerciais e de custos operacionais, principalmente por meio da modernização dos ativos e da crescente instalação de dispositivos eletrônicos inteligentes nos clientes de baixa tensão (ex.: medidores eletrônicos, dispositivos eletrônicos inteligentes para monitoramento e diagnóstico, relés digitais etc.). Esta tese de doutorado apresenta uma solução com tecnologia nacional que disponibiliza todos os benefícios do Smart Grid através dos equipamentos mais importantes e estratégicos presentes na topologia das Redes de Distribuição Subterrânea Secundária Trifásica: os Protetores de Redes. A partir do centro nevrálgico das Redes de Distribuição Subterrâneas (RDS), cuja topologia está presente nos centros de alta concentração de carga das principais metrópoles do Brasil, a solução desenvolvida pode viabilizar técnica e economicamente a modernização da automação da RDS, com tecnologia nacional de baixo custo, proporcionando igualmente a incorporação dos avanços do Smart Grid e da Geração Distribuída. Este salto tecnológico significaria para as distribuidoras de energia elétrica entre outros benefícios: Melhor controle do processo para uma melhor otimização da rede, desde integração das intermitentes fontes renováveis até uma interação mais dinâmica com os consumidores; Maior flexibilidade às concessionárias em relação ao uso da energia para atingir o grande objetivo social de redução do efeito estufa e otimização do consumo de energia reduzindo perdas e desperdícios; No curto prazo, os benefícios diretos da melhoria do gerenciamento da indisponibilidade, gerenciamento otimizado dos ativos e do capital, melhoria no planejamento, processos e serviços de fornecimento e usos finais de energia, aumento de eficiência de manutenção, redução de perdas técnicas e comerciais, otimização do investimento na compra de novos protetores com menores custos podendo superar a demanda reprimida pelos altos custos de alternativas importadas.
The importance of new technologies in the field of, automation, monitoring, information technology and electronic systems have increased significantly in recent years. These technologies play a basic role in the modern society and contribute of decisive way for the resolution of important challenges for a society that is in search of a more prosperous life, internationally competitive, healthful, safe and sustainable. As a key of \"innovation\", these technologies are key factors for all the productive sectors of the economy in the society. The fuel for the engine of these technologies, however, is the energy, particularly the electricity. Thus, in a society whose life style is strongly dependent of electricity, to develop technologies that not only allow the generation, but also the distribution of energy in a cheap and clean way and which could guarantee its supply throughout the time with the maximum efficiency is a priority issue. The systems based on intelligent networks fully meet these requirements, representing what there is of most modern in the electric sector. The Brazilian energy scenario is quickly changing over the recent years toward modernization, with more distributed generation, in the form of smaller generators, more customer interaction, the integration of more variable resources such as wind and solar, and more renewables overall. For the Power Utilities, especially in the Distribution Sector, the focus is clearly in the reduction of commercial losses and operational costs, mainly by means of the modernization of the assets and an increase in the installation of intelligent electronic devices at consumers side (e.g.: electronic energy meters, intelligent electronic devices for condition monitoring, digital relays etc.). This work presents a solution developed based on Brazilian technology that incorporates all the benefits of smart grid to the most important equipment that is present in the topology of the Low-Voltage Secondary Network Distribution System: the Network Protector. From the neuralgic center of these Low-Voltage Secondary Network Systems, which topology is used in the most important cities in Brazil, which has a high load concentration, the solution presented here make it feasible technically and economically the use of smart grid topology profiting from its great benefits such as: Allow utilities to better optimize the grid to support a number of public policies, from intermittent renewable integration to more dynamic interfaces with customers; Offer utilities more flexibility relative to how they use energy toward the greater societal objectives of reducing greenhouse gases and energy consumption. In the short and mid term, a smarter grid offers utilities operational benefits (outage management, improved processes, maintenance and workforce efficiency, reduced losses, etc.) as well as benefits associated with improved asset management (system planning, better capital asset utilization, etc.), lower investment to acquire new Network Protectors.

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Jose, Arun Cyril. "Intelligent home automation security system based on novel logical sensing and behaviour prediction." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/65012.

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The thesis, Intelligent Home Automation Security System Based on Novel Logical Sensing and Behavior Prediction, was designed to enhance authentication, authorization and security in smart home devices and services. The work proposes a three prong defensive strategy each of which are analyzed and evaluated separately to drastically improve security. The Device Fingerprinting techniques proposed, not only improves the existing approaches but also identifies the physical device accessing the home cybernetic and mechatronic systems using device specific and browser specific parameters. The Logical Sensing process analyses home inhabitant actions from a logical stand point and develops sophisticated and novel sensing techniques to identify intrusion attempts to a home’s physical and cyber space. Novel Behavior prediction methodology utilizes Bayesian networks to learn normal user behavior which is later compared to distinguish and identify suspicious user behaviors in the home in a timely manner. The logical sensing, behavior prediction and device fingerprinting techniques proposed were successfully tested, evaluated and verified in an actual home cyber physical system. The algorithms and techniques proposed in the thesis can be easily modified and adapted into many practical applications in Industrial Internet of Things, Industry 4.0 and cyber-physical systems.
Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2017.
Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering
PhD
Unrestricted

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Švancer, Jan. "Automatizované pěstování rostlin." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta informačních technologií, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-363856.

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This thesis combines two current trends - the Internet of Things and Urban Agriculture. It describes technologies for wireless sensors communication in smart homes and hardware for their implementation. Based on these technologies smart hardware for automatic plants growing is implemented and connected to cloud with remote access via iOS mobile application.

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Asbery, Christopher W. "SMART GRID COMMUNICATIONS." UKnowledge, 2012. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/ece_etds/10.

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Smart grid technologies are starting to be the future of electric power systems. These systems are giving the utilities detailed information about their systems in real time. One of the most challenging things of implementing smart grid applications is employing the communications into the systems. Understanding the available communications can help ease the transition to these smart grid applications. Many of the utility personnel are spending too much time trying to figure out which communication is better for their application or applications. So this thesis presents the different communication types available with discussing the different attributes in which these communication types are going to offer to the utility. Then these communication types are looked such that utilities can quickly understand how to approach the difficult task of obtaining the information from the different smart grid applications by the use of different communication options.

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Anderzén, Anton, and Markus Winroth. "Automating rule creation in a Smart Home prototype with Learning Classifier System." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-234926.

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The name ”smart homes” gives a promise of intelligent behavior. Today automation of the home environment is a manual task, with the creation of rules controlling devices relying on the user. For smart homes this tedious manual task can be automated. The purpose of this thesis is development of a prototype that will help users in smart homes create rules. The rules should be automatically created by the use of a machine learning solution. A learning classifier system algorithm is found as a suitable machine learning solution. A learning classifier system is used to find and create rules from sensor data. In the prototype a Raspberry Pi is used to collect the data. This data is processedby the learning classifier system, generating a set of rules. These rules predict actions for controlling a smart lighting system. The rules are continuously updated with new sensory information from the environment constantly reevaluating the previous found rules. The learning classifier system prototype solves the problem of how rules can be generated automatically by the use of machine learning.
Uttrycket ”smarta hem” utlovar ett intelligent beteende. Idag är automatiseringen av hemmiljön en manuell uppgift, där användaren formulerar regler som styr systemet. I smarta hem kan denna uppgift bli automatiserad. Syftet med denna kandidatuppsats är att utveckla en prototyp som ska hjälpa användare i smarta hem att skapa regler. Reglerna ska skapas automatiskt med hjälp av en maskininlärningslösning. Ett självlärande klassificeringssystem bedöms uppfylla den kravställning som görs. Det självlärande klassificeringssystemet används för att skapa regler från sensordata. I prototypen används en Raspberry Pi för att samla in data. Insamlad data behandlas av det självlärande klassificeringssystem som genererar en uppsättning regler. Dessa regler används för att kontrollera ett smart ljussystem. Reglerna uppdateras kontinuerligt med ny sensorinformation från omgivningen och utvärderar de tidigare funna reglerna. Den självlärande klassificeringssystemprototypen löser problemet om hur regler kan skapas automatiskt med hjälp av maskininlärning.

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Isapour, Chehardeh Maziar. "AUTOMATIC RECONFIGURATION OF RADIAL DISTRIBUTION NETWORK FOR RELIABILITY ASSESSMENT USING THE CIRCUIT GRAPH." OpenSIUC, 2018. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/1572.

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The problem of optimum restoration after occurrence the outages in a distribution network is an important issue in smart grids. In this kind of networks remote-controlled switches, alternative sources and grid-connected distributed generators (DG) are employed. Therefore, the reliability of the system (corresponding to the frequency of failures and the duration of interruptions) is improved by operating the switches to resupply a part of interrupted system during the repair time. To evaluate the reliability indices in smart grids, neglecting the restoration during the repair time causes the wrong assessment of the network. Thus, considering the rerouting the power during the interruptions seems necessary to calculate the reliability indices. The problem of restoration is formulated as a non-linear integer programming problem with the assistance of the network graph. The circuit graph method is also used to pre-evaluate the feasible interchanging operations to enhance the efficiency of the computations. The topological and operational constraints in this formulation can be found and resolved with the assistance of fundamental cut-set matrix. The optimum restoration schemes is obtained by considering the optimal islanded mode of operation of the DGs which implies maximizing the loading of DGs while not violating their generation capacities. The optimum restoration policies lead us to find the optimum number and location of those manual switches that should be upgraded to the remote-controlled switches. This is a multi-objective problem that contains the contribution of each restoration policy in the reliability improvement and the cost of those switching operations. The proposed algorithm is applied to different standard test systems and the results are compared to the results obtained from other methods and algorithms.

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Liu, Kai, and 劉愷. "Optimal dispatch and management for smart power grid." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2011. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B46336680.

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Etherden, Nicholas. "Increasing the hosting capacity of distributed energy resources using storage and communication." Doctoral thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Energivetenskap, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-18490.

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This thesis develops methods to increase the amount of renewable energy sources that can be integrated into a power grid. The assessed methods include i) dynamic real-time assessment to enable the grid to be operated closer to its design limits; ii) energy storage and iii) coordinated control of distributed production units. Power grids using such novel techniques are referred to as “Smart Grids”. Under favourable conditions the use of these techniques is an alternative to traditional grid planning like replacement of transformers or construction of a new power line. Distributed Energy Resources like wind and solar power will impact the performance of the grid and this sets a limit to the amount of such renewables that can be integrated. The work develops the hosting capacity concept as an objective metric to quantify the ability of a power grid to integrate new production. Several case studies are presented using actual hourly production and consumption data. It is shown how the different variability of renewables and consumption affect the hosting capacity. The hosting capacity method is extended to the application of storage and curtailment. The goal is to create greater comparability and transparency, thereby improving the factual base of discussions between grid operators, electricity producers and other stakeholders on the amount and type of production that can be connected to a grid.Energy storage allows the consumption and production of electricity to be decoupled. This in turn allows electricity to be produced as the wind blows and the sun shines while consumed when required. Yet storage is expensive and the research defines when storage offers unique benefits not possible to achieve by other means. Focus is on comparison of storage to conventional and novel methods.As the number of distributed energy resources increase, their electronic converters need to provide services that help to keep the grid operating within its design criteria. The use of functionality from IEC Smart Grid standards, mainly IEC 61850, to coordinate the control and operation of these resources is demonstrated in a Research, Development and Demonstration site. The site contains wind, solar power, and battery storage together with the communication and control equipment expected in the future grids.Together storage, new communication schemes and grid control strategies allow for increased amounts of renewables into existing power grids, without unacceptable effects on users and grid performance.
Avhandlingen studerar hur existerande elnät kan ta emot mer produktion från förnyelsebara energikällor som vindkraft och solenergi. En metodik utvecklas för att objektivt kvantifiera mängden ny produktion som kan tas emot av ett nät. I flera fallstudier på verkliga nät utvärderas potentiella vinster med energilager, realtids gränser för nätets överföringsförmåga, och koordinerad kontroll av småskaliga energiresurser. De föreslagna lösningarna för lagring och kommunikation har verifierats experimentellt i en forskning, utveckling och demonstrationsanläggning i Ludvika.
Godkänd; 2014; Bibliografisk uppgift: Nicholas Etherden är industridoktorand på STRI AB i Göteborg. Vid sidan av doktoreringen har Nicholas varit aktiv som konsult inom kraftsystemsautomation och Smarta Elnät. Hans specialitet är IEC 61850 standarden för kommunikation inom elnät, vindkraftparker och distribuerad generering. Författaren har en civilingenjörsexamen i Teknisk fysik från Uppsala Universitet år 2000. Under studietiden läste han även kurser i kemi, miljökunskap och teoretisk filosofi. Han var under studietiden ordförande för Student Pugwash Sweden och ledamot International Network of Engineers and of Scientists for Global Responsibility (INES). Efter studietiden var han ordförande i Svenska Forskare och Ingenjörer mot Kärnvapen (FIMK). Han började sin professionella bana som trainee på ABB i Västerås där han spenderade sex år som utvecklare och grupp ledare för applikationsutvecklingen i ABB reläskydd. I parallell till arbete har han läst elkraft vid Mälardalenshögskola. År 2008 började han på STRI AB som ansvarig för dess IEC 61850 interoperabilitetslab. Han är på uppdrag av Svenska Kraftnät aktiv i ENTSO-E IEC 61850 specificeringsarbete och svensk representant i IEC tekniska kommitté 57, arbetsgrupp 10 som förvaltar IEC 61850 standarden. Han har hållit över 30 kurser i IEC 61850 standarden i fler än 10 länder.; 20140218 (niceth); Nedanstående person kommer att disputera för avläggande av teknologie doktorsexamen. Namn: Nicholas Etherden Ämne: Elkraftteknik/Electric Power Engineering Avhandling: Increasing the Hosting Capacity of Distributed Energy Resources Using Storage and Communication Opponent: Professor Joao A Peças Lopes, Faculty of Engineering of the University of Porto, Portugal Ordförande: Professor Math Bollen, Avd för energivetenskap, Institutionen för teknikvetenskap och matematik, Luleå tekniska universitet Tid: Måndag den 24 mars 2014, kl 09.00 Plats: Hörsal A, Campus Skellefteå, Luleå tekniska universitet
SmartGrid Energilager

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Mravec, Roman. "Návrh mezioperační dopravy ve výrobním podniku podle principů Průmyslu 4.0." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-449286.

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Based on the description and definition of technology and processes falling within the vision of the fourth industrial revolution with the aim of creating intelligent factories, this diploma thesis deals with the principles of the Industry 4.0 concept in Hilti's production plant with a focus on transport and supply of production equipment. The aim of the work is to create a comprehensive proposal that takes into account all the necessary aspects associated with upgrading the existing state of inter-operational transport in a particular production line to fully automated, flexible and autonomous transport of materials and products in the context of Industry 4.0. A prerequisite for creating a design is the connection of automatically guided vehicles (AGVs) serving individual transport orders. The selection of the vehicle was made taking into account the safety of movement, the method of charging, the system and network integrity of existing and proposed technologies and components. The intention is not only to automate the inter-operational service, but also on the basis of the created automation concept, the ability to autonomously procure the flow of material and products. The mathematical calculation of capacity planning in the production line helped to determine the total load and the number of vehicles needed for continuous procurement of transport requirements. The result of the design part is also the design of specific transport routes and transport conditions that AGV vehicles must comply with in order to maintain a high level of safety. Transparency and a constant overview of transported products is provided by the presented scheme for identification of production batches, Auto-ID system. The financial efficiency of the whole project elaborated in the diploma thesis is evaluated as payable after 4 years from the implementation of the proposal. The financial efficiency of the whole project elaborated in the diploma thesis is evaluated as payable after 4 years from the implementation of the proposal due to high labor costs.

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Dai, Hanping. "Distributed control system architecture and smart sensing for intelligent semi-autonomous vehicles." Thesis, De Montfort University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2086/4784.

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Melo, Lucas Silveira. "Development of a platform for implementing multi-agents systems for application to automatic restoration of electric power distribution systems." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2015. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=15234.

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgico
It is common the occurence of permanent faults in power distribution systems. In a typical radial power distribution system when the fault protection system operates, may cause power-off not only in the fault section, but also to all customers downstream the fault.Through disjunction devices normally closed along the feeder, and normaly open on its edges, is possible to isolate the faulty sector and reenergize the healthy ones, reducing the number of customers affected by a fault. Network operators normally do this procedure manually and in addition to demand a considerable ammount of time, is subject to errors on the part of the operator. In order to automate the analisys of the network and provided it of self-healing capacity, various methods have been proposed to solve this matter. Most of these approaches adopts a centralized strategy and do not address the aspect of electric power grid self-healing. In this work is proposed an approach that uses multi-agent systems for self-healing purposes of power distribution systems. Multi-agent are highly suitable for modelling distributed systems in the smart grid domain. For a safe recovery and without violation of operational restrictions the feeder agents perform an evaluation before device agents send any command to the network switches. The proposed multi-agent system is implemented in a agentâs development platform proposed in this work that uses the Python programming language. The platform is called PADE, Python Agent DEvelpment framework. The computer representation of the network, without simplifications, is accomplished by a data encoding based on the theory of graphs and named node-depth representation that serves as a basis for the development of an API of network representation that models each of the required components in the restoration analysis. The device agents communicate with IED that in turn control the switches in the network, by means of IEC 61850 protocols: GOOSE and MMS. To validate the proposed approach, computer simulations are performed using a simplified distribution power grid as a case study and a test platform with relay test case, protection and control IED, managed switch and embedded systems.
Ã comum a ocorrÃncia de faltas permanentes no sistema de distribuiÃÃo de energia elÃtrica. Por tratar-se de um sistema radial, a atuaÃÃo da proteÃÃo para estas faltas causa a desenergizaÃÃo nÃo sÃ do setor em falta, mas de todos os consumidores a jusante do setor onde ocorreu a falta. Fazendo uso dos dispositivos de disjunÃÃo normalmente fechados ao longo do alimentador e normalmente abertos nas suas bordas Ã possÃvel isolar o setor sob falta e re-energizar os setores sÃos, reduzindo o nÃmero de consumidores afetados por um defeito. Este procedimento Ã normalmente feito pelos operadores da rede, e alÃm de demandar um tempo considerÃvel, estÃ sujeito Ã erros por parte do operador. No sentido de tornar automÃtica as anÃlises de restauraÃÃo da rede e prover o sistema da capacidade de auto-cura, tÃm sido propostas diversas metodologias para o problema. A maioria destas abordagens adota uma estratÃgia centralizada e nÃo abordam o aspecto de auto-cura da rede elÃtrica. Neste trabalho, Ã proposta uma abordagem utilizando sistemas multiagentes para recomposiÃÃo de setores de alimentadores de distribuiÃÃo de energia elÃtrica. A tÃcnica de sistemas multiagentes vem se mostrando bastante promissora no desenvolvimento de sistemas distribuÃdos em um contexto de redes elÃtricas inteligentes. Para que a recomposiÃÃo ocorra sem a violaÃÃo das restriÃÃes operacionais e de forma coerente, sÃo feitas anÃlises pelos agentes alimentadores antes que qualquer comando seja enviado para as chaves do sistema por meio de agentes dispositivo. O sistema multiagente proposto Ã implementado em uma plataforma de desenvolvimento de agentes proposta neste trabalho e que utiliza a linguagem de programaÃÃo Python. A plataforma tem o nome de PADE, Python Agent DEvelpment framework. A representaÃÃo computacional sem simplificaÃÃes da rede Ã proporcionada por uma codificaÃÃo de dados apoiada na teoria de grafos e denominada RepresentaÃÃo NÃ-Profundidade, que serve de base para o desenvolvimento de uma API de representaÃÃo da rede-elÃtrica que modela cada um dos componentes necessÃrios nas anÃlises de recomposiÃÃo. Ao agente dispositivo Ã dada a possibilidade de comunicaÃÃo com IED, que controlam as chaves do sistema, por meio dos protocolos da norma IEC 61850: GOOSE e MMS. Para validar a metodologia proposta sÃo realizadas simulaÃÃes computacionais utilizando uma rede de distribuiÃÃo simples como caso base e uma plataforma de testes com: mala de testes de relÃs, IED de proteÃÃo e controle de mercado, switch gerenciÃvel e placas de desenvolvimento de sistemas embarcados.

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Horyachyy, Oleh. "Comparison of Wireless Communication Technologies used in a Smart Home : Analysis of wireless sensor node based on Arduino in home automation scenario." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för datalogi och datorsystemteknik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-14845.

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Context. Internet of Things (IoT) is an extension of the Internet, which now includes physical objects of the real world. The main purpose of Internet of Things is to increase a quality of people’s daily life. A smart home is one of the promising areas in the Internet of Things which increases rapidly. It allows users to control their home devices anytime from any location in the world using Internet connectivity and automate their work based on the physical environment conditions and user preferences. The main issues in deploying the architecture of IoT are the security of the communication between constrained low-power devices in the home network and device performance. Battery lifetime is a key QoS parameter of a battery-powered IoT device which limits the level of security and affects the performance of the communication. These issues have been deepened with the spread of cheap and easy to use microcontrollers which are used by electronic enthusiasts to build their own home automation projects. Objectives. In this study, we investigated wireless communication technologies used in low-power and low-bandwidth home area networks to determine which of them are most suitable for smart home applications. We also investigated the correlation between security, power consumption of constrained IoT device, and performance of wireless communication based on a model of a home automation system with a sensor node. Sensor node was implemented using Arduino Nano microcontroller and RF 433 MHz wireless communication module. Methods. To achieve the stated objectives of this research following methods were chosen: literature review to define common applications and communication technologies used in a smart home scenario and their requirements, comparison of wireless communication technologies in smart home, study of Arduino microcontroller technology, design and simulation of a part of home automation project based on Arduino, experimental measurements of execution time and power consumption of Arduino microcontroller with RF 433 MHz wireless module when transmitting data with different levels of security, and analysis of experimental results. Results. In this research, we presented a detailed comparison of ZigBee, WiFi, Bluetooth, Z-Wave, and ANT communication technologies used in a smart home in terms of the main characteristics. Furthermore, we considered performance, power consumption, and security. A model of a home automation system with a sensor node based on Arduino Nano was described with sleep management and performance evaluation. The results show that the battery lifetime of Arduino in a battery-powered sensor node scenario is determined by the communication speed, sleep management, and affected by encryption. Conclusions. The advanced communication strategy can be used to minimize the power consumption of the device and increase the efficiency of the communication. In that case, our security measures will reduce the productivity and lifetime of the sensor node not significantly. It’s also possible to use symmetric encryption with smaller block size.

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Ng, Kwok-kei Simon, and 吳國基. "Optimal planning and management of stochastic demand and renewable energy in smart power grid." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2012. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B50434299.

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To combat global climate change, the reduction of carbon emissions in different industries, particularly the power industry, has been gradually moving towards a low-carbon profile to alleviate any irreversible damage to the planet and our future generations. Traditional fossil-fuel-based generation is slowly replaced by more renewable energy generation while it can be harnessed. However, renewables such as solar and wind are stochastic in nature and difficult to predict accurately. With the increasing content of renewables, there is also an increasing challenge to the planning and operation of the grid. With the rapid deployment of smart meters and advanced metering infrastructure (AMI), an emerging approach is to schedule controllable end-use devices to improve energy efficiency. Real-time pricing signals combined with this approach can potentially deliver more economic and environmental advantages compared with the existing common flat tariffs. Motivated by this, the thesis presents an automatic and optimal load scheduling framework to help balance intermittent renewables via the demand side. A bi-level consumer-utility optimization model is proposed to take marginal price signals and wind power into account. The impact of wind uncertainty is formulated in three different ways, namely deterministic value, scenario analysis, and cumulative distributions function, to provide a comprehensive modeling of unpredictable wind energy. To solve the problem in off-the-shelf optimization software, the proposed non-linear bi-level model is converted into an equivalent single-level mixed integer linear programming problem using the Karush-Kuhn-Tucker optimality conditions and linearization techniques. Numerical examples show that the proposed model is able to achieve the dual goals of minimizing the consumer payment as well as improving system conditions. The ultimate goal of this work is to provide a tool for utilities to consider the demand response model into their market-clearing procedure. As high penetration of distributed renewable energy resources are most likely applied to remote or stand-alone systems, planning such systems with uncertainties in both generation and demand sides is needed. As such, a three-level probabilistic sizing methodology is developed to obtain a practical sizing result for a stand-alone photovoltaic (PV) system. The first-level consists of three modules: 1) load demand, 2) renewable resources, and 3) system components, which comprise the fundamental elements of sizing the system. The second-level consists of various models, such as a Markov chain solar radiation model and a stochastic load simulator. The third-level combines reliability indices with an annualized cost of system to form a new objective function, which can simultaneously consider both system cost and reliability based on a chronological Monte Carlo simulation and particle swamp optimization approach. The simulation results are then tested and verified in a smart grid laboratory at the University of Hong Kong to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed model. In summary, this thesis has developed a comprehensive framework of demand response on variable end-use consumptions with stochastic generation from renewables while optimizing both reliability and cost. Smart grid technologies, such as renewables, microgrid, storage, load signature, and demand response, have been extensively studied and interactively modeled to provide more intelligent planning and management for the smart grid.
published_or_final_version
Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Doctoral
Doctor of Philosophy

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Пелипенко, Ю. М., Сергій Вікторович Соколов, Сергей Викторович Соколов, and Serhii Viktorovych Sokolov. "Автоматична система керування "розумним" будинком." Thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2017. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/65674.

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Системи автоматизації і керування будівлями займають важливе місце в забезпечені взаємозв’язку між всією системою будівлі та всім інженерним обладнанням. Тому «розумний будинок» дозволяє автоматизувати багато щоденних завдання, пов’язані з освітленням, кліматом і іншими життєво важливими побутовими системами.

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Schafermeyer, Erich Reinhardt. "An IR and RF Based System for Functional Gait Analysis in a Multi-Resident Smart-Home." PDXScholar, 2017. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/3502.

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Changes in the gait characteristics, such as walking speed and stride length, of a person living at home can be used to presage cognitive decline, predict fall potential, monitor long-term changes in cognitive impairment, test drug regimens, and more. This thesis presents a novel approach to gait analysis in a smart-home environment by leveraging new advances in inexpensive sensors and embedded systems to create novel solutions for in-home gait analysis. Using a simple, non-invasive hardware system consisting entirely of wall-mounted infrared and radio frequency sensor arrays, data is collected on the gait of subjects as they pass by. This data is then analyzed and sent to a clinician for further study. The system is non-invasive in that it does not use cameras and could be built into the molding of a home so that it would be nearly invisible. In a finished prototype version, the system presented in this thesis could be used to analyze the gait characteristics of one or more subjects living in a home environment while ignoring the data of visitors and other non-subject cohabitants. The ability to constantly collect data from a home environment could provide thousands of observations per year for clinical analysis. Providing such a robust data set may allow people with gait impairment to live at home longer and more safely before transitioning to a care facility, have a reduced fall risk due to better prediction, and live a healthier life in old age.

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Budak, Sinan. "Systemmodellering av demonstrationsutrusning : Visualisering och simulering med avseende på Cyber-fysiska system." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Elektronik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-36954.

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The digitalization trend is popular in the industrial world because of the efficiency of the monotonous working standards and conditions. Industry 4.0 is frequently brought up and discussed in the industries, more precisely, how the new genera- tion's working methods will be carried out in the industry. In the industrial sectors, there is a strong confidence that digitalization will gain a strong foothold in the near future.The University of Gävle (“University”) will develop the robot lab during the spring of 2020 with several different activities, including visiting, research and education. The reason for the project is that the laboratory has more than 400 visitors per year, an increased demand for flexible learning, automation robotics and digitalization are areas of rapid development and the volume of research in the subject is growing. The development work aims to visualize and simulate automation solutions in the laboratory. In addition, a hardware control system, ABB (AC 800), will be con- nected to the Human-Machine Interface ("HMI"). This project aims to create a pro- ject in a simulation environment and connect it to the physical environment, i.e., to connect it to PLC.To achieve the purpose of this project, examples and development trends in Cyber- physical Systems (“CPS”) regarding simulation and visualization of automation solu- tions will be discussed and an evaluation of system identification methods that can be used in system modeling of the demonstration equipment will be made.In this project, a system will be modelling so that product demonstration in the ro- bot laboratory at the University can be controlled remotely or via remote. To be able to demonstrate the entire chain from simulation environment to physical envi- ronment, it is necessary to program the PLC via the TIA portal. Programming lan- guage for the PLC should Ladder Diagram (“LD”) be used, which is the most com- mon and graphical PLC programming method. System identification and errors of the system should be checked by visualizing via Factory I/O or the University’s own software, where all equipment is implemented.Creating intelligent machines requires sensor units and actuators such as RFID, vi- sion units and robotic arms. All of these elements require further research as well as careful examination of the content of international standards and specifications. The hope is that researchers will continue to explore the extensive breadth and depth of this topic. Factory I /O has built-in robot arm processes that are pre-programmed and grouped into the software (which not only allows the use of robot arms, but also a machine center included in a robot arm is used). In this respect, there are exciting research opportunities that can contribute to the development. The result of this research is that the entire chain from simulation environment to physical environment was estimated in a good way with the help of Factory I /O and Tia portal so that the PLC works as a cyber-twin equipment. Using the demonstra- tion equipment system creates a uniform standard for control and monitoring of the system.Keywords: Industry 4.0, Cyber physical system, Programmable logical Controller, Smart Manufacturing, Digital twin, Virtual commissioning.

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Andersson, Markus. "Automatic Tuning of Motion Control System for an Autonomous Underwater Vehicle." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Reglerteknik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-159202.

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The interest for marine research and exploration has increased rapidly during the past decades and autonomous underwater vehicles (AUV) have been found useful in an increased amount of applications. The demand for versatile platform AUVs, able to perform a wide range of tasks, has become apparent. A vital part of an AUV is its motion control system, and an emerging problem for multipurpose AUVs is that the control performance is affected when the vehicle is configured with different payloads for each mission. Instead of having to manually re-tune the control system between missions, a method for automatic tuning of the control system has been developed in this master’s thesis. A model-based approach was implemented, where the current vehicle dynamics are identified by performing a sequence of excitation maneuvers, generating informative data. The data is used to estimate model parameters in predetermined model structures, and model-based control design is then used to determine an appropriate tuning of the control system. The performance and potential of the suggested approach were evaluated in simulation examples which show that improved control can be obtained by using the developed auto-tuning method. The results are considered to be sufficiently promising to justify implementation and further testing on a real AUV. The automatic tuning process is performed prior to a mission and is meant to compensate for dynamic changes introduced between separate missions. However, the AUV dynamics might also change during a mission which requires an adaptive control system. By using the developed automatic tuning process as foundation, the first steps towards an indirect adaptive control approach have been suggested. Also, the AUV which was studied in the thesis composed another interesting control problem by being overactuated in yaw control, this because yawing could be achieved by using rudders but also by differential drive of the propellers. As an additional and separate part of the thesis, an approach for using both techniques simultaneously have been proposed.

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Mandelman, Marcio. "Análise crítica da matriz energética brasileira e a implementação de "Smart Grid"." Universidade de Taubaté, 2011. http://www.bdtd.unitau.br/tedesimplificado/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=255.

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A automação já é utilizada como ferramenta para se obter a eficiência energética. Este trabalho apresenta e quantifica a potencialidade desta ferramenta com objetivo de diminuir picos de energia, diminuindo também a necessidade de construir rapidamente novas usinas geradoras de energia elétrica, regulando a transmissão e distribuição desta energia, aproveitando recursos renováveis e sustentáveis, tudo isso através de um sistema que já existe implantado em vários países do mundo e tem todas as condições de ser implementado no Brasil. Este sistema é a rede inteligente de energia ou smart grid. Analisa, também, a matriz energética brasileira, apresenta anomalias ocorridas, como apagões regionais e nacionais, verifica a necessidade de energia elétrica para o crescimento do País, propõe soluções para o sistema energético nacional utilizando inovações tecnológicas, como a implantação do sistema smart grid na matriz energética, sempre objetivando melhor eficiência e qualidade da energia, levantando o comportamento dos usuários em busca da implementação destas inovações tecnológicas. A partir de idéias que rompam os paradigmas atuais de busca de energia através de grandes obras propõe este trabalho a mudança de hábito e procedimentos da população, das próprias empresas e dos órgãos públicos brasileiros buscando a diminuição da utilização da energia especialmente nos horários hoje considerados como picos, ou seja, aqueles que demandam a maior geração, transmissão e distribuição da energia utilizada. Apresenta também a necessidade de energia elétrica para desenvolvimento econômico do Brasil, agregando todas as inovações tecnológicas aos processos atuais, buscando minimizar a possibilidade da ocorrência de apagões, ocasionados por ineficiência técnica da matriz energética ou por racionamento de energia.
Automation is already used as a tool to achieve energy efficiency. This paper presents and quantifies the potential of this tool in order to reduce power surges, reducing the need rapidly build new electricity generating plants, transmission and regulating distribution of this energy, using renewable and sustainable resources, all through a system that is already deployed in several countries worldwide and has all the conditions to be implemented in Brazil. This system is the intelligent network of energy or "smart grid". It also analyzes the Brazilian energy matrix, has deficiencies occurred as a regional and national blackouts, there is need of electricity for the growth of the country, proposes solutions to national energy system, using technological innovations such as the deployment of the "smart grid" energy source, always aiming for better energy efficiency and quality, raising the behavior of users seeking the implementation of these technological innovations. From ideas that break current paradigms of seeking power through great works this paper proposes changes in the habits and procedures of the population, own businesses and public agencies are looking to decrease energy use especially in times like now considered "peaks", ie, those that demand the greatest generation, transmission and distribution of energy used. It also shows the need for electricity to Brazils economic development, adding all the technological innovations to the current processes in order to minimize the possibility of the occurrence of blackouts, caused by technical inefficiency of the energy or energy shortages.

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Dvořák, Miroslav. "Industry 4.0 v podnikové praxi v České republice." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-264366.

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The thesis reviews the current situation related to the Industry 4.0 and puts it into context. In the first part of the thesis, there is an introduction to the current economic situation and the major challenges. The concept and vision of Industry 4.0 is introduced together with the world's leading initiatives and examples of Industry 4.0 technologies in manufacturing processes presented by tech leaders. The thesis also includes examples of readiness models and simulated calculation ROCE. The finding of the thesis is that, although the very concept of Industry 4.0 is not well known, digitization and automation of production continues and both are considered a necessity. Interviews with experts from the business practice in the Czech Republic introduces key opportunities and challenges arising from new technologies and when they might become the new standard.

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Theunissen, M. W. (Marthinus Wilhelmus). "Phonene-based topic spotting on the switchboard corpus." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52998.

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Abstract:

Thesis (MScEng)--Stellenbosch University, 2002.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The field of topic spotting in conversational speech deals with the problem of identifying "interesting" conversations or speech extracts contained within large volumes of speech data. Typical applications where the technology can be found include the surveillance and screening of messages before referring to human operators. Closely related methods can also be used for data-mining of multimedia databases, literature searches, language identification, call routing and message prioritisation. The first topic spotting systems used words as the most basic units. However, because of the poor performance of speech recognisers, a large amount of topic-specific hand-transcribed training data is needed. It is for this reason that researchers started concentrating on methods using phonemes instead, because the errors then occur on smaller, and therefore less important, units. Phoneme-based methods consequently make it feasible to use computer generated transcriptions as training data. Building on word-based methods, a number of phoneme-based systems have emerged. The two most promising ones are the Euclidean Nearest Wrong Neighbours (ENWN) algorithm and the newly developed Stochastic Method for the Automatic Recognition of Topics (SMART). Previous experiments on the Oregon Graduate Institute of Science and Technology's Multi-Language Telephone Speech Corpus suggested that SMART yields a large improvement over ENWN which outperformed competing phoneme-based systems in evaluations. However, the small amount of data available for these experiments meant that more rigorous testing was required. In this research, the algorithms were therefore re-implemented to run on the much larger Switchboard Corpus. Subsequently, a substantial improvement of SMART over ENWN was observed, confirming the result that was previously obtained. In addition to this, an investigation was conducted into the improvement of SMART. This resulted in a new counting strategy with a corresponding improvement in performance.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die veld van onderwerp-herkenning in spraak het te doen met die probleem om "interessante" gesprekke of spraaksegmente te identifiseer tussen groot hoeveelhede spraakdata. Die tegnologie word tipies gebruik om gesprekke te verwerk voor dit verwys word na menslike operateurs. Verwante metodes kan ook gebruik word vir die ontginning van data in multimedia databasisse, literatuur-soektogte, taal-herkenning, oproep-kanalisering en boodskap-prioritisering. Die eerste onderwerp-herkenners was woordgebaseerd, maar as gevolg van die swak resultate wat behaal word met spraak-herkenners, is groot hoeveelhede hand-getranskribeerde data nodig om sulke stelsels af te rig. Dit is om hierdie rede dat navorsers tans foneemgebaseerde benaderings verkies, aangesien die foute op kleiner, en dus minder belangrike, eenhede voorkom. Foneemgebaseerde metodes maak dit dus moontlik om rekenaargegenereerde transkripsies as afrigdata te gebruik. Verskeie foneemgebaseerde stelsels het verskyn deur voort te bou op woordgebaseerde metodes. Die twee belowendste stelsels is die "Euclidean Nearest Wrong Neighbours" (ENWN) algoritme en die nuwe "Stochastic Method for the Automatic Recognition of Topics" (SMART). Vorige eksperimente op die "Oregon Graduate Institute of Science and Technology's Multi-Language Telephone Speech Corpus" het daarop gedui dat die SMART algoritme beter vaar as die ENWN-stelsel wat ander foneemgebaseerde algoritmes geklop het. Die feit dat daar te min data beskikbaar was tydens die eksperimente het daarop gedui dat strenger toetse nodig was. Gedurende hierdie navorsing is die algoritmes dus herimplementeer sodat eksperimente op die "Switchboard Corpus" uitgevoer kon word. Daar is vervolgens waargeneem dat SMART aansienlik beter resultate lewer as ENWN en dit het dus die geldigheid van die vorige resultate bevestig. Ter aanvulling hiervan, is 'n ondersoek geloods om SMART te probeer verbeter. Dit het tot 'n nuwe telling-strategie gelei met 'n meegaande verbetering in resultate.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Smart automation systems'

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