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Journal articles on the topic 'Small state studies'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 December 2022

Last updated: 29 January 2023

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1

Edozie, Rita Kiki. "COOPERATING AGAINST SMALL-STATE MARGINALIZATION." Du Bois Review: Social Science Research on Race 5, no. 1 (2008): 95–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1742058x08080090.

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AbstractEmploying postcolonial critical international relations theory as its theoretical bedrock, this article uses the U.N.-U.S.-French-led humanitarian intervention in Haiti in 2004 to examine top-tier states' claims to universal human rights and bottom-tier states' claims to sovereign national democratic rights. This article critically interrogates both the theoretical and policy assumptions of an emergent interventionism by the North into the South, and examines Haitian social forces and their pan-African allies (CARICOM, the AU, and CBC), who are opposed to the universalist appropriation and imposition of a rights domain that curtails freedom in the international arena.

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2

Chen, Kuan-Hsing. "Small-medium-large countryism: divesting the nation-state." Inter-Asia Cultural Studies 22, no. 2 (April 3, 2021): 261–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14649373.2021.1927554.

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3

Jääts, Indrek. "Building a State in a State." Anthropological Journal of European Cultures 18, no. 1 (March 1, 2009): 69–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/ajec.2009.180105.

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This article analyses the conceptual path to the creation of national territorial autonomies of the Komi (Zyrians) and Komi-Permiaks in the 1920s. It focuses on the history of the idea of Komi autonomy and on the formation of the borders of the Komi Autonomous Oblast. The creation of the Komi autonomy was, first of all, the project of the small group of nationalist Komi communists. They tried to unite all the Komi politically, and were successful as far as their aims were in accordance with contemporary Soviet nationalities policy. However, they were not able to include Permiak areas, mainly because of the opposition of neighbouring Russian provincial elites.

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4

Scheiner, Steve. "Theoretical Studies of Excited State Proton Transfer in Small Model Systems." Journal of Physical Chemistry A 104, no. 25 (June 2000): 5898–909. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp000125q.

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5

Baldacchino, Godfrey. "Green Jobs from a Small State Perspective: Case Studies from Malta." Round Table 102, no. 1 (February 2013): 105–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00358533.2013.764162.

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6

Pedi, Revecca, and Katerina Sarri. "From the ‘Small but Smart State’ to the ‘Small and Entrepreneurial State’: Introducing a Framework for Effective Small State Strategies within the EU and Beyond." Baltic Journal of European Studies 9, no. 1 (June 1, 2019): 3–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bjes-2019-0001.

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AbstractAs the current international system is leaning towards multipolarity, small states face the danger of their influence being diminished and their interests being ignored. Small states in Europe and within the European Union might find themselves in such a predicament. In order to overcome it, they are in need of effective strategies. Literature on the international relations of small states suggests that, despite their limitations, small states are able to pursue their goals and succeed in the international system. Small state studies employ the ‘small but smart state’ concept for a small state that can maximize its influence. Despite being widely used, the latter lacks analytical value and remains a cliché. The objective of this article is to pin down the ‘small but smart’ state strategy and based on that to provide a comprehensive framework for the analysis and the design of effective small state strategies. We suggest that the ‘small but smart’ state strategy shares many elements with the entrepreneurial action, as the latter is extended from its business origins to include a specific strategy. We draw on the field of entrepreneurship to explore the ways it can enhance our understanding of the international relations of small states and we introduce a framework for the ‘small and entrepreneurial state’ strategy. The notion of the ‘small and entrepreneurial state’ adds more depth and rigor into our small state analyses as well as reinvigorates a fragmented and repetitive literature. Last but not least, our ‘small and entrepreneurial state’ approach can be of use for both small state scholars and policy makers.

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7

Stein, R. S., C. T. Murray, H. Yang, V. Soni, and R. J. Lo. "Recent small angle neutron scattering studies of polymers in the solid state." Physica B+C 137, no. 1-3 (March 1986): 194–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-4363(86)90323-2.

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8

Weerasinghe, Krishanthi C., Tianyang Wang, Junpeng Zhuang, Haiya Sun, Dongzhi Liu, Wei Li, Wenping Hu, Xueqin Zhou, and Lichang Wang. "Coherently degenerate state engineering of organic small molecule materials to generate Wannier excitons." Chemical Physics Impact 4 (June 2022): 100062. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chphi.2022.100062.

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9

He, N., T. L. Barr, and J. Klinowski. "ESCA and solid-state NMR studies of allophane." Clay Minerals 30, no. 3 (September 1995): 201–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/claymin.1995.030.3.04.

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AbstractThe surface/near-surface chemistry of allophane has been studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (ESCA) and the bulk material by 27A1 and 29Si solid-state NMR and other techniques. The surface/near-surface Si/Al ratio of allophane is c.1.0, similar to that for kaolinite, zeolite Na-A and sodalite. The core level binding energies for kaolinite and allophane are almost identical, but quite different from those for zeolite Na-A and sodalite, both framework aluminosilicates. The nature and size of these differences is consistent with the differences between the chemistry of sheet and framework silicates. The small variations in the Si(2p) spectra for kaolinite and allophane are discussed in terms of bonding of the tetrahedral units in the two materials.

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10

Macrí, P. P., D. E. Banda, P. Rose, Stefano Enzo, and Neil Cowlam. "Neutron Small-Angle-Scattering Studies of Metal Alloys Produced by Solid State Reaction." Materials Science Forum 179-181 (February 1995): 793–800. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.179-181.793.

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11

Ege, Osamu, and Hisao Negita. "Zeeman NQR Studies on Powdered Bromine Compounds Having Small η." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A 45, no. 3-4 (April 1, 1990): 599–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zna-1990-3-469.

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Abstract The Zeeman NQR of 79 Br and 81Br in samples having relatively small r\ was studied on several bromine compounds which were in the powder or polycrystal state. The absorption lines were detected in the integral form by the bridge circuit. When a static magnetic field was applied, the line shapes were broadened and usually two dips appeared symmetrically at both sides of the zero field line. The values of η were estimated from the patterns of the dips. For compounds such as NaBrO3 , however, as expected no dips were observed.

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12

Kezeiri, S. K. "Population Growth of the Libyan Small Towns." Libyan Studies 17 (1986): 155–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s026371890000710x.

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AbstractThis paper addresses itself to the study of population growth of the small towns in Libya. The Libyan small towns have grown rapidly and it is expected that the majority will continue to grow in the future. Their growth can be attributed to natural increase, internal migration, the influx of foreigners, all of which have been stimulated by the State.

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13

Kawada, Jumpei, and Robert H. Marchessault. "Solid State NMR and X-ray Studies on Amylose Complexes with Small Organic Molecules." Starch - Stärke 56, no. 1 (January 2004): 13–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/star.200300222.

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14

Bruce, Don, Jon C. Rork, and Gary Wagner. "State income tax reciprocity agreements and small businesses." Journal of Entrepreneurship and Public Policy 3, no. 1 (April 14, 2014): 118–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jepp-07-2012-0037.

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Purpose – Small businesses play a vital role in job creation and economic growth, and previous studies have noted that higher state tax rates may reduce entrepreneurial activity, growth, and hiring. The paper aims to discuss this issue. Design/methodology/approach – In this paper, the authors use a 1989-2005 panel of state-level data to explore the effects of state income tax reciprocity agreements on several measures of small business activity. Since a reciprocity agreement exempts non-resident income from a state's personal income tax base, it has the potential to reduce barriers to entrepreneurial activity and lower tax compliance costs. Findings – The results indicate that reciprocity agreements appear to have reduced the tax-rate sensitivity of entrepreneurial activity, which may lead to more small business and entrepreneurial activity in states with more active agreements, other factors constant. This suggests that personal income tax reciprocity agreements may be a credible policy tool to expand small business activity. Originality/value – In this study, the paper sets out to determine if small business and entrepreneurial activity is greater in states that have reciprocity agreements and if such activity is dependent on the number of active agreements in place. Given recent nationwide efforts to ease compliance costs for business through other initiatives such as the Telecommuter Tax Fairness Act and the Streamlined Sales Tax Agreement, this study is the first to quantify how decreasing tax compliance and eliminating barriers to labor mobility affects small business activity. The results therefore have the potential to help shape debates in many states today.

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15

WULFMAN, CARL E., and LARRY A. CURTISS. "THEORETICAL STUDIES OF SMALL COPPER OXIDE CLUSTERS AND POSSIBLE RELEVANCE TO SUPERCONDUCTIVITY." International Journal of Modern Physics B 03, no. 08 (August 1989): 1287–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979289000865.

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Ab initio molecular orbital computations indicate that in a [ CuOH 2]3+ complex oxygen hole (pπ type orbital) formation is favored over Cu 3+ formation. In contrast, it is found that in a [ Fe(H 2 O )]3+ complex oxygen hole formation is much less favorable, thus, suggesting a reason for the depression of T c upon Cu substitution by Fe in YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7−x. Computations on a symmetrical [ Cu(H 2 O )4]3+ cluster indicate that it has a degenerate unrestricted Hartree-Fock (UHF) ground state in which the oxygen hole is strongly coupled adiabatically to nuclear motions. The electronic repulsion energy of the ground state is, as a result, lowered by a combination of vibrational and electronic correlation effects. The relevance of these observations to the existence of high temperature superconductivity in cuprates is discussed.

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16

Umbach, M. "Visual culture, scientific images and German small-state politics in the late enlightenment." Past & Present 1998, no. 158 (February 1, 1998): 110–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/past/1998.158.110.

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17

Obermann-Hellhund, Anika. "State of the Simulation of Mesoscale Winds in the Mediterranean and Opportunities for Improvements." Atmosphere 13, no. 7 (June 22, 2022): 1007. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos13071007.

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The Mediterranean region is a densely populated and economically relevant area with complex orography including mountain ranges, islands, and straits. In combination with pressure gradients, this creates many mesoscale wind systems that cause, e.g., wind gusts and wildfire risk in the Mediterranean. This article reviews the recent state of the science of several mesoscale winds in the Mediterranean and associated processes. Previous work, including case studies on several time ranges and resolutions, as well as studies on these winds under future climate conditions, is discussed. Simulations with grid spacings of 25 to 50 km can reproduce winds driven by large-scale pressure patterns such as Mistral, Tramontane, and Etesians. However, these simulations struggle with the correct representation of winds channeled in straits and mountain gaps and around islands. Grid spacings of 1–3 km are certainly necessary to resolve these small-scale features. The smaller grid spacings are widely used in case studies, but not yet in simulations over large areas and long periods, which also could help to understand the interaction between small-scale phenomena in separate locations. Furthermore, by far not all Mediterranean straits, islands, and mountain gaps were studied in-depth and many interesting Mediterranean small-scale winds still need to be studied.

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18

Poryvkin, P. P., and M. M. Khaykin. "The current state and development prospects of independent oil companies in Russia." Economics and Management 28, no. 11 (November 29, 2022): 1155–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.35854/1998-1627-2022-11-1155-1161.

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Aim. The presented study aims to analyze and examine the current state of the independent oil business in Russia, assess its development prospects, develop and propose measures necessary to support this sector of the oil and gas industry.Tasks. The authors describe the state of the independent oil business in the Russian Federation at the current stage and identify problems in its development; analyze the prospects and trends of business development in this industry; suggest possible measures to improve the situation.Methods. This study uses complementary general scientific (classification, comparison, abstraction, etc.) and special methods of cognition (observation, examination, generalization, etc.).Results. The study identifies several problems that hinder the operation of small and medium private enterprises in the oil and gas industry: high well servicing costs; high additional costs for the purchase, implementation, and maintenance of upgraded equipment; high dependence on the situation in the domestic market and price changes; the problem of attracting qualified personnel to small companies. The role and importance of independent oil companies in Russia are substantiated. The following proposals for improving the state of the independent oil production sector are presented: improving legislation and developing regulations aimed at simplifying the official transfer of oil fields that are uneconomic and unprofitable for large vertically integrated oil companies (VIOCs) to small market players, provided that it will be beneficial to all parties; further stimulating close mutually beneficial cooperation of the government represented by research universities, large oil companies and small businesses engaged in oil production; providing and modifying various preferential coefficients — for example, returning a reduction coefficient that takes into account the production of super-viscous oil; providing benefits to small independent oil companies in terms of resuming production at previously mothballed or abandoned fields; provision benefits to independent oil companies (IOCs) for the purchase and (or) production of industrial equipment necessary for the development and operation of oil fields; introducing a system of tax deductions aimed at stimulating geological exploration.Conclusions. The prospects for the functioning and development of IOCs in Russia are great. The government should provide more support to IOCs. It seems feasible to take several protective measures to ensure the sustainable growth of such firms at the initial stage. In turn, the operation of IOCs facilitates the development of regions (additional tax deductions, employment, etc.), which has a positive effect on the national economy as a whole. Underestimating small businesses’ role and prospects in the oil industry may lead to the loss of existing opportunities and Russia’s leading positions in the global oil and gas industry.

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19

Rigas, Pete Rigas, and Chetan Kulkarni. "Modeling exponential decay in maximum capacitance across specified flight patterns in small aircraft." Annual Conference of the PHM Society 12, no. 1 (November 3, 2020): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.36001/phmconf.2020.v12i1.1199.

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With increased autonomy being an integral part of un- manned aerial system (UAS), during flight a vehicle needs to have an accurate estimation of its state of health and capabilities to perform and achieve mission success with utmost safety. Batteries are of key importance in electric-propulsion aircraft and are its most pertinent re- source. It is important to know the state of charge of the battery not only because the health state is directly re- lated to the flight profiles flown by the vehicle, but also because the state of charge of the vehicle and its opera- tional condition must be estimated after each flight. In this work a methodology is presented to generate pre- dictions for flight plans that experience anomalies, or un- expected system failure in due to a parasitic load in a specified stage of the flight that must return to its starting point of origin. We begin by describing the procedures by which a sequence of steps will be carried out to expo- nentially weigh the impact of different stages of a flight towards thermal strain on the capacitance Cmax of the battery during each flight.

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20

Miller, Rory. "Qatar, Energy Security, and Strategic Vision in a Small State." Journal of Arabian Studies 10, no. 1 (January 2, 2020): 122–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21534764.2020.1793494.

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21

Radoman, Jelena. "Small states in world politics: State of the art." Journal of Regional Security 13, no. 2 (2018): 179–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/jrs1802179r.

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In the literature review to follow I will first provide an overview of the major efforts in small states studies, concerning most importantly the definition of 'smallness' as the area in which an agreement is yet to be reached. This will be followed by an overview of the scholarly discussions on smallness and power and strategies that small states employ to mitigate their material limitations, which have led scholars to question the concept of power. This raised the following question: are small states permanently locked into a power hierarchy which they cannot escape, or do they have a possibility to overcome their material limitations by shaping and re-shaping relations in which they are found? Constructivists moved the debate away from structural variables and limitations that these states are faced with, and brought into the picture the small states' possibilities and different roles they might employ, thus bypassing the limitations emerging from the 'small vs. big powers' dichotomy. Theories of alliances, however, continue to picture the choices that are presented to small states as only two: to seek protection of bigger states or risk standing alone. Least work has been done on where and how smallness matters and where opportunities for small states lie. Future work should reflect if, when, and how 'smallness' is a factor in these states' foreign policies and their alignment politics.

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22

Leckey, Robert, and John Riley. "Photoelectron Spectroscopy of Solids ? VUV Band Structure Studies." Australian Journal of Physics 43, no. 5 (1990): 651. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ph900651.

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The electronic band structure of solids, including states specific to the surface, may now be explored in very great detail by photoelectron spectroscopy. Variable energy photon sources (synchroton radiation sources) coupled with advanced angle resolving electron spectrometers permit access to emission from specific points within the complete Brillouin zone. The technique of band mapping has now reached a stage where the small k-dependent changes to individual valence bands due to the effects of introduced lattice strain can be observed, for example. The relative importance of emission from surface states, as opposed to bulk band states, can be demonstated dramatically using off-normal emission data. Angle resolved constant initial state spectroscopy has recently been shown to provide details of excited state bandstructure and has clarified the involvement of surface and bulk Umklapp scattering in the photoemission process. The above capabilities of photoelectron spectroscopy are discussed, using metallic and semiconducting examples, and are related to interface problems in general.

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23

Bova, S. V., S. B. Neretin, and A. S. Dolgopolov. "Operating state of turbine-generator units of small hydrostations according to results of vibration studies." Hydrotechnical Construction 24, no. 3 (March 1990): 215–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01433206.

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24

Tajima, Yoshiko, Wataru Takahashi, and Akihiko Ito. "Small-angle X-ray diffraction studies of a molluscan smooth muscle in the catch state." Journal of Muscle Research and Cell Motility 29, no. 1 (January 2008): 57–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10974-008-9142-0.

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25

Sramek, John J., Michael F. Murphy, Sherilyn Adcock, Jeffrey G. Stark, and Neal R. Cutler. "Phase 1 Clinical Trials of Small Molecules: Evolution and State of the Art." Reviews on Recent Clinical Trials 16, no. 3 (July 16, 2021): 232–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1574887116666210204125844.

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Background: Phase 1 studies comprise the first exposure of a promising new chemical entity in healthy volunteers or, when appropriate, in patients. To assure a solid foundation for subsequent drug development, this first step must carefully assess the safety and tolerance of a new compound and often provide some indication of potential effect, so that a safe dose or dose range can be confidently selected for the initial Phase 2 efficacy study in the target patient population. Methods: This review was based on a literature search using both Google Scholar and PubMed, dated back to 1970, using search terms including “healthy volunteers”, “Phase 1”, and “normal volunteers”, and also based on the authors’ own experience conducting Phase 1 clinical trials. This paper reviews the history of Phase 1 studies of small molecules and their rapid evolution, focusing on the critical single and multiple dose studies, their designs, methodology, use of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic modeling, application of potentially helpful biomarkers, study stopping criteria, and novel study designs. Results: We advocate for determining the safe dose range of a new compound by conducting careful dose escalation in a well-staffed inpatient setting, defining the maximally tolerated dose (MTD) by reaching the minimally intolerated dose (MID). The dose immediately below the MID is then defined as the MTD. This is best accomplished by using appropriately screened patients for the target indication, as patients in many CNS indications often tolerate doses differently than healthy non-patients. Biomarkers for safety and pharmacodynamic measures can also assist in further defining a safe and potentially effective dose range for subsequent clinical trial phases. Conclusion: Phase 1 studies can yield critical insights into the pharmacology of a new compound in man and offer perhaps the only development period in which the dose range can be safely and thoroughly explored. Phase 1 studies often contain multiple endpoint objectives, the reconciliation of which can present a dilemma for drug developers and study investigators alike, but which can crucially determine whether a compound can survive to the next step in the drug development process.

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Bonnici, Christian, and Vincent Cassar. "The research management profession within universities in small island states." Island Studies Journal 11, no. 2 (2016): 619–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.24043/isj.370.

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The past fifty years have witnessed a widespread increase in the study of small states, including island studies; and the rise of the research management profession and its associated literature. Within a small island state context, the profession cannot be taken for granted, owing to smallness and other inherent characteristics of small island states. These characteristics may potentially re-shape the profession in a unique fashion and may influence the manner in which the roles of university research managers and administrators evolve in a small island state. So far, studies investigating the profession in the context of islands and small states have been lacking. This paper aims to instigate a discussion that hopefully inspires further studies about how the research manager’s role and profession may be re-shaped within small island states.

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27

ZHENG, J. G., J. CHEN, J. G. JIANG, Y. H. LIANG, S. Y. DING, Z. YU, Q. LI, and D. FENG. "HREM STUDIES OF THE SUPERCONDUCTING PHASE Tl2Ba2Ca2Cu3Ox." Modern Physics Letters B 03, no. 04 (March 20, 1989): 361–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984989000583.

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The superconducting phase Tl 2 Ba 2 Ca 2 Cu 3 O x (Tl2223) has been identified in high-T c superconducting ceramics with nominal composition of Tl 2 Ba 2 Ca 2 Cu 3. The configurations of grains and grain boundaries have also been observed directly by high resolution electron microscopy [HREM]. The small angle grain boundaries are mixed with both translation and orientation characteristics. The boundary regions are nearly parallel to (100) to (010) in crystal state, While in amorphous state, they are nearly parallel to (001). There also exists large angle grain boundaries in TlBaCaCuO superconductor.

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28

Pevcin, Primož. "Government Size and Quality of Governance: Does State Size Matter?" International Journal of Business and Economic Sciences Applied Research 13, no. 3 (2020): 7–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.25103/ijbesar.133.01.

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Purpose: Small state studies has emerged as a discipline, and this discipline has been initially dominated mainly by the issues of vulnerability and a lack of capacities of small states, although these issues have been gradually replaced by the discussions on the potential opportunities of small states, not just their challenges. Within this framework, the consideration needs to be done also on the effect of the state size on the economics, governance and public management, among others. Design/methodology/approach: The current theorizing in small state studies focuses on the specifics of the small economy modelling and governance. The existing economic literature has occasionally stressed the relations between the size of the state and size of government, but with rather mixed empirical results. Moreover, relations between state size and quality of governance has also been emerging issue. This study would like to integrate both approaches. The empirical research utilizes cross-national comparative investigation based on the data for 44 European states; and we specifically assess, in addition to the existing approaches, how budgetary and non-budgetary scope of government differentiates among smaller and larger states. Findings: The results of the study suggest that the effect of the size of the state does not necessary favour larger states in respect to the smaller size of government and quality of governance. Thus, although potential scale economies matter regarding the public services’ provision, the structure of spending, institutional context, and innovations in public service delivery modes also have the role in shaping scope and functions of the government, whereas quality of governance seems to be independent regarding the state size, at least in the European context. Research limitations/implications: Analysis is limited to the cluster of European states, and the results should be interpreted within this context. Originality/value: After the World War II the number of states has increased substantially, in fact, it has tripled. We are currently living in the era of small states, as more than one third of the existing two hundred and more states around the globe are actually small, if we assess the multiple criteria combination. In this context, this paper would like to add to the development of the field of small state studies.

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29

Mattson, Greggor. "Small–City Gay Bars, Big–City Urbanism." City & Community 19, no. 1 (March 2020): 76–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cico.12443.

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Despite the widely hailed importance of gay bars, what we know of them comes largely from the gayborhoods of four “great cities.” This paper explores the similarities of 55 lone small–city gay bars to each other and the challenges they pose to the sexualities and urban literatures. Small–city gay bars have long been integrated with straight people in their often red–state communities; they are undifferentiated and unspecialized subcultural amenities not just for LGBT people, but for straights as well, fostering cosmopolitan lifestyles for large geographical regions whose residents nevertheless prefer small–city living for reasons, including proximity to kin or nature, and the fact that many big–city pleasures can be found everywhere. Contrasts between these findings and previous scholarship reveal the ways in which the latter has often implicitly defined urbanism and cosmopolitanism in terms of commercial diversity, as do studies of gentrification or gayborhoods. Small cities provide a way to integrate studies along the urban–rural interface, including places left to rural studies by both sexualities and urban scholarship. As an analytic object of comparison, small cities can help to disentangle urban effects from the cosmopolitanism of modern life generally.

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30

Li, Junhong. "Simulation Studies of a Trench MOS Device Structure with Small Figures of Merit." MATEC Web of Conferences 208 (2018): 03005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201820803005.

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We proposed a vertical high permittivity trench power MOS (HKTMOS) device with alternating N&P drift region and high permittivity (HK) trench sandwiched in between. The unique structure guarantees uniform potential distribution for wide voltage range at block state owing to both HK potential modulation effect and superjunction (SJ) charge balance. The specific on-resistance (Rons) of HKTMOS is in orders of magnitude lower than the SJ counterparts at the on state because of the strong accumulation effect brought by HK trench. Although the gate charge also significantly rises because of the accumulation, the figures of merit (FOM) of HKTMOS still reduces considerably than the SJ under same BV. An expression for FOM is derived demonstrating that the FOM of HKTMOS is proportional to the square of HK trench depth, which agrees on with simulation results well. The simulation results indicate that within the BV range of 500~2000V, the Rons and FOM of HKTMOS are in 1~2 orders of magnitude lower and 17.4%~44.1% of SJ, respectively under the same BV condition. Furthermore, HKTMOS also demonstrates better charge imbalance tolerance than SJ.

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Nesterov, Evgeni, Timofei Belyakov, Stanislav Dubrova, and Pavel Egorov. "Geochemical studies of surface bottom sediments and soils of small watercourses." E3S Web of Conferences 169 (2020): 01005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202016901005.

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Analytical data on samples of bottom sediments of the Novaya river watercourse made it possible to identify areas of pollution, sources of pollution and determine the nature of the influence of the anthropogenic factor on the state of the river. It was found that bottom sediments are divided into slightly polluted, moderately polluted, and dangerously polluted. Soils on the total indicator of pollution belong to the permissible category. The list of defined indicators includes: hydrogen index (pH), total metal content (cadmium, copper, lead, mercury, nickel, zinc), arsenic, petroleum products, benz(a)pyrene, ammonium nitrogen, phosphate ion, organic matter. Based on the results of the interpretation of the laboratory data, it was found that in accordance with the Regional standard, the precipitation the majority of samples are slightly polluted; at some samples, are moderately polluted; at a quarter of samples are dangerously polluted.

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Подшивалова, Mariya Podshivalova, Вайсман, and Elena Vaysman. "Russian Small Industrial Entrepreneurship in Modern Conditions." Economics 4, no. 1 (February 18, 2016): 18–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/16983.

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The paper estimated the specifics of small business manufacturing industries from the standpoint of the strategic approach through the description of the tasks, the current state and development potential. Objectives were assigned by government in medium-term socio-economic policy. The current state was analyzed by both objective statistics and subjective - based on different opinion poll of managers of small enterprises. Also used data Regional Studies of domestic economists. Prospects for the development of small industrial enterprises are assessed through the intensity and quality of their inno-vation. The authors conclude that to complete the task of the Russian Government small businesses are able to only one of the major manufacturing industries - production of electrical and optical equipment.

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Motta, Anne. "Charles T. Lipp, Noble Strategies in an Early Modern Small State: The Mahuet of Lorraine." European History Quarterly 44, no. 2 (April 2014): 349–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0265691414524528aa.

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Hoffman, Martin D. "State of the Science—Ultraendurance Sports." International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 11, no. 6 (September 2016): 831–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2016-0472.

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Participation in ultraendurance sports has been increasing in recent years. This participation growth has been associated with an increase in research focused on such events. While the total amount of research related to these sports remains relatively small compared with other sports, the research growth is encouraging. New sources for research funding for ultraendurance sports should advance the science. In addition to continued opportunities with observational studies, promising areas of investigation remain for experimental studies and research that uses ultraendurance-sport environments as models for studies relevant to wider populations. Insight into the breadth of research opportunities in ultraendurance sports can be gained by reviewing the abstracts published online in the International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance from the annual Medicine & Science in Ultra-Endurance Sports Conference that took place this year in Chamonix, France.

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Wirrwar, A., C. Antke, K. Kley, H. W. Müller, and S. Nikolaus. "State-of-the-art of small animal imaging with high-resolution SPECT." Nuklearmedizin 44, no. 06 (2005): 257–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1625323.

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SummaryDuring the recent years, in vivo imaging of small animals using SPECT has become of growing relevance. Along with the development of dedicated high-resolution small animal SPECT cameras, an increasing number of conventional clinical scanners has been equipped with single or multipinhole collimators. This paper reviews the small animal tomographs, which are operating at present and compares their performance characteristics. Furthermore, we describe the in vivo imaging studies, which have been performed so far with the individual scanners and survey current approaches to optimize molecular imaging with small animal SPECT.

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Nabialek, Marcin. "Mossbauer Studies of Rapid Cooled Amorphous Iron Alloys in as Cast State." Revista de Chimie 69, no. 1 (February 15, 2018): 148–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.18.1.6062.

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The study investigated the effect of a small alloy addition (1 atomic %) in alloys Fe61Co10Y8Nb1B20, b - Fe61Co10Y8Zr1B20, c - Fe61Co10Y8W1B20, d - Fe61Co10Y8Mo1B20 on the shape of the Mossbauer spectrum and on the distributions of hyperfine field induction on 57Fe obtained from their numerical analysis. The line factor A [2.5] was also determined in the Zemman�s sextet, which is an indirect measure of ordering for the texture of the spins occurring in the volume of alloys. Based on the analysis of the results, it was found that the Mossbauer spectras are typical of amorphous alloys and the hyperfine field distributions are bimodal.

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Mandel, Lauren H. "Wayfinding Research in Library and Information Studies: State of the Field." Evidence Based Library and Information Practice 12, no. 2 (June 29, 2017): 133. http://dx.doi.org/10.18438/b8395p.

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Abstract Objective – Often people enter libraries focused on their primary information needs and haven't considered their need for spatial information to find their way to what they need. This presents unique wayfinding information challenges for libraries. Papers on library wayfinding often include some discussion of the lack of wayfinding research in libraries, but apparently there has been no comprehensive review of the LIS literature on wayfinding. Methods – This paper is a comprehensive review of library wayfinding literature, using the Library, Information Science & Technology Abstracts with Full Text (via EBSCOhost) database to collect the dataset. Results – Findings indicate a small collection of library wayfinding research, primarily focused on academic libraries. Conclusion – Empirical research in this area is limited. Suggestions for future research on library wayfinding, including potential foci for that research, are presented.

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Yeh, Vivien, Alice Goode, and Boyan B. Bonev. "Membrane Protein Structure Determination and Characterisation by Solution and Solid-State NMR." Biology 9, no. 11 (November 12, 2020): 396. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology9110396.

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Biological membranes define the interface of life and its basic unit, the cell. Membrane proteins play key roles in membrane functions, yet their structure and mechanisms remain poorly understood. Breakthroughs in crystallography and electron microscopy have invigorated structural analysis while failing to characterise key functional interactions with lipids, small molecules and membrane modulators, as well as their conformational polymorphism and dynamics. NMR is uniquely suited to resolving atomic environments within complex molecular assemblies and reporting on membrane organisation, protein structure, lipid and polysaccharide composition, conformational variations and molecular interactions. The main challenge in membrane protein studies at the atomic level remains the need for a membrane environment to support their fold. NMR studies in membrane mimetics and membranes of increasing complexity offer close to native environments for structural and molecular studies of membrane proteins. Solution NMR inherits high resolution from small molecule analysis, providing insights from detergent solubilised proteins and small molecular assemblies. Solid-state NMR achieves high resolution in membrane samples through fast sample spinning or sample alignment. Recent developments in dynamic nuclear polarisation NMR allow signal enhancement by orders of magnitude opening new opportunities for expanding the applications of NMR to studies of native membranes and whole cells.

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Endoh, Maya K., Mikihito Takenaka, Tadashi Inoue, Hiroshi Watanabe, and Takeji Hashimoto. "Shear small-angle light scattering studies of shear-induced concentration fluctuations and steady state viscoelastic properties." Journal of Chemical Physics 128, no. 16 (April 28, 2008): 164911. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2899662.

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Akwuobu, Chinedu A., Roger D. Ayling, Kennedy Foinkfu Chah, and Stephen I. Oboegbulem. "Studies into the prevalence of Mycoplasma species in small ruminants in Benue State, North-central Nigeria." Tropical Animal Health and Production 46, no. 6 (May 15, 2014): 1087–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11250-014-0613-6.

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Flowerdew, John R., Tatsuya Amano, and William J. Sutherland. "Strong “bottom-up” influences on small mammal populations: State-space model analyses from long-term studies." Ecology and Evolution 7, no. 6 (February 12, 2017): 1699–711. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ece3.2725.

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Makarenko, V. P., D. M. Fetisov, and D. V. Zhuchkov. "STUDY OF SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZE TOWNS VEGETATION IN RUSSIA: CURRENT STATE." REGIONAL PROBLEM 25, no. 1 (2022): 3–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.31433/2618-9593-2022-25-1-3-15.

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In the review article, the authors give the analysis of scientific publications related to the study of vegetation in small and medium-sized Russian towns over the past 10 years. The main topical areas in which research is currently being carried out include the study of urban flora, analysis of plantings state, assessment of the vegetation state as an indicator of the urban environment quality (bio-indication), selection of trees assortment for urban andscape design and introduction of species, the features of landscaping in different natural conditions, and the formation of urban ecological framework. It is noted the fragmentary nature of vegetation studies in small and medium-sized towns of Russia, not being conducted in most regions at all. There predominate empirical studies focused on describing the state of the vegetation cover in separate towns. Comprehensive research is not carried out widely. It is mainly used the inventory research methods. In the publications, there are no vegetation maps for small and medium-sized towns. Furthermore, there is no retrospective analysis of the urban flora and vegetation transformation. The authors of the most publications note the prevalence of inherited problems in the state of urban green spaces in the country, caused by the planning spontaneity in the Soviet period, the failure to incorporate environmental factors into the urban development planning, including the location of industrial enterprises, as well as the lack of programs for the development of green urban infrastructure, the perception of green plantings as an element of land improvement, rather than an environmentally significant factor.

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Camilleri, Marguerite. "Environmental capacity of a small island state: Planning for sustainable development in Malta." Town Planning Review 75, no. 1 (March 2004): 67–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/tpr.75.1.4.

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Bates, Timothy. "Small Businesses Appear to Benefit from State or Local Government's Economic Development Assistance." Urban Affairs Review 31, no. 2 (November 1995): 206–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/107808749503100205.

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Gafurov, Bahromjon. "SOME ASPECTS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF STATE POLICY AND DIPLOMACY OF MIRZO BABUR." European International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Management Studies 02, no. 07 (July 1, 2022): 47–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.55640/eijmrms-02-07-10.

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In the years of independence, as in all fields, interest in studying the rich past heritage of our nation, including Mirza Babur's worldview, socio-political views and activities, significant progress was made by the standards of the present time. But despite this, we can observe a relatively small number of scientific studies on the study of the views of the great thinker and statesman on the science of politics and philosophy.

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46

Hooda, Seema, Yasushi Minamoto, Jan S. Suchodolski, and Kelly S. Swanson. "Current state of knowledge: the canine gastrointestinal microbiome." Animal Health Research Reviews 13, no. 1 (May 30, 2012): 78–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1466252312000059.

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AbstractGastrointestinal (GI) microbes have important roles in the nutritional, immunological, and physiologic processes of the host. Traditional cultivation techniques have revealed bacterial density ranges from 104to 105colony forming units (CFU)/g in the stomach, from 105to 107CFU/g in the small intestine, and from 109to 1011CFU/g in the colon of healthy dogs. As a small number of bacterial species can be grown and studied in culture, however, progress was limited until the recent emergence of DNA-based techniques. In recent years, DNA sequencing technology and bioinformatics have allowed for better phylogenetic and functional/metabolic characterization of the canine gut microbiome. Predominant phyla include Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Fusobacteria, Proteobacteria, and Actinobacteria. Studies using 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene pyrosequencing have demonstrated spatial differences along the GI tract and among microbes adhered to the GI mucosa compared to those in intestinal contents or feces. Similar to humans, GI microbiome dysbiosis is common in canine GI diseases such as chronic diarrhea and inflammatory bowel diseases. DNA-based assays have also identified key pathogens contributing to such conditions, including variousClostridium,Campylobacter,Salmonella, andEscherichiaspp. Moreover, nutritionists have applied DNA-based techniques to study the effects of dietary interventions such as dietary fiber, prebiotics, and probiotics on the canine GI microbiome and associated health indices. Despite recent advances in the field, the canine GI microbiome is far from being fully characterized and a deeper characterization of the phylogenetic and functional/metabolic capacity of the GI microbiome in health and disease is needed. This paper provides an overview of recent studies performed to characterize the canine GI microbiome.

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Depreter, Michael. "Roeland Goorts, War, State and Society in Liège. How a Small State of the Holy Roman Empire Survived the Nine Years’ War (1688-1697)." Early Modern Low Countries 6, no. 1 (June 29, 2022): 161–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.51750/emlc12179.

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48

Dhagat, Urmi, Joanna Woodcock, Chrystal Tiong, Jessica Holien, Carl Coolen, Sophie Broughton, Stuart Pitson, Tim Hughes, Angel Lopez, and Michael Parker. "Structural studies on 14-3-3ζ: Compounds that target the dimer interface." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances 70, a1 (August 5, 2014): C808. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053273314091918.

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14-3-3 proteins are a highly conserved family of dimeric phospho-serine binding proteins that modulate the functions of key cellular proteins involved in signaling. 14-3-3ζ plays a prominent role in signaling pathways leading to inhibition of apoptosis, sequestration of tumor suppressor proteins and activation of signalling pathways that promote growth. 14-3-3ζ expression is up-regulated in many human cancers and associated with enhanced survival of cancer cells. The significant association of 14-3-3ζ over expression with disease recurrence and chemo-resistance makes this protein an attractive candidate for anti-cancer therapy. The anti-apoptotic activity of 14-3-3ζ is entirely dependent on the dimeric state of the protein. Our studies have shown that 14-3-3ζ activity is regulated by sphingosine and other lipid analogs that render 14-3-3 phosphorylatable, disrupting its dimeric state thereby leading to apoptosis [1]. Structural studies and mutagenesis on 14-3-3ζ confirm that the dimeric state of 14-3-3ζ is stabilized by salt bridges that form across the dimer interface. Based on this we have carried out an in silico screen of a virtual library of drug-like small molecules to identify compounds that bind to the dimer interface of 14-3-3ζ. Candidate small molecules have been assessed for their ability to render 14-3-3ζ phosphorylatable in vitro and consequently we have identified a family of small molecules with 14-3-3ζ dimer-destabilizing properties. These small molecules induce apoptosis in leukemic cells by activating apoptotic mediators known to be regulated by dimeric 14-3-3. We have recently solved the crystal structure of 14-3-3ζ with one of our hit compounds bound at the dimer interface. Our results suggest that relatively small perturbations at the dimer interface, can destabilize the salt bridges that hold 14-3-3 dimers together, thus providing a novel approach to targeting 14-3-3 proteins for therapeutic benefit.

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Swart, G. R., J. W. O. van den Berg, J. L. D. Wattimena, T. Rietveld, J. K. Van Vuure, and M. Frenkel. "Elevated protein requirements in cirrhosis of the liver investigated by whole body protein turnover studies." Clinical Science 75, no. 1 (July 1, 1988): 101–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/cs0750101.

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1. In patients with cirrhosis of the liver and in healthy control subjects, the rates of nitrogen flux, protein synthesis and protein breakdown were studied, using a single oral dose of 200 mg of [15N]glycine as a tracer. The nitrogen flux through the amino acid pool was measured separately with both urinary ammonia and urinary urea as end products; the average value was used for further calculations. 2. Subjects were studied in the fed state, both on an adequate and a protein-restricted diet, and also in the fasting state. 3. The rates of protein synthesis were markedly increased in the patients, not only in the fed but also in the fasting state. Protein breakdown rates were increased in the patients in the fed state. 4. The nitrogen balance in steady-state conditions in the fed state was more positive in the patients, while their nitrogen loss in the fasting state was no higher than that of control subjects. 5. A hypothesis is put forward that the high protein requirements of cirrhotic patients could be caused by small and inadequate liver glycogen stores; due to these small stores, gluconeogenesis from amino acids will take place and lead to an extra amino acid loss even during short-term fasting. This increased amino acid loss could explain the elevated protein requirements in cirrhotic patients.

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Kovalyova, L. "The current state of macrozoobenthos of some small reservoirs the North Kazakhstan region." Rybovodstvo i rybnoe hozjajstvo (Fish Breeding and Fisheries), no. 7 (July 1, 2020): 18–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/sel-09-2007-02.

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Awareness of ecosystem integrity increases the relevance of collecting information on the biodiversity of water bodies of various types. The episodic nature of studies of small water bodies, along with the high variability of their hydrological, hydrochemical, and morphometric parameters, is the reason for the lack of a full assessment of the state of biota. The current paper provides information on macrozoobenthos of four small water bodies in the North Kazakhstan region. The study revealed 59 representatives with a predominance of insects in the benthofauna. Bottom complexes of shallow temporary water bodies were characterized by a wider spectrum with a greater proportion of insects relative to similar variables for lake Big Koskol. The basis was composed by species adapted to fluctuations of water availability, which led to a relatively stable state of biocenoses against the background of a significant range of quantitative characteristics of zoobenthos. More abundant development of benthic invertebrates highlighted in the lake Bolshoy Koskol (with the dominance of amphipods) and in the temporary water body T26 (with the predominance of insects). By the size of the average annual zoobenthos biomass — 29–31.5 g / m2 — the mentioned above water bodies were classified as highly productive. The level of development of benthic organisms in water bodies T20–T14, where Vermes were the leaders in biomass assessed as increased productive and moderate productive (10.3–3.1 g/m2 respectively). A low faunistic similarity of macrozoobenthos was noted, indicating the originality of the benthic complexes of the studied water body, which once again emphasizes the role of small water body in maintaining the biodiversity of the ecosystem. Relatively high structural variables of benthocenoses indicate a stable ecological state of bottom communities. The abundance of zoobenthos creates the prerequisites for the utilization of the studied and similar water bodies for organizing amateur — sport fishery and the extraction of feed used in aquarium fish farming

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