Journal articles: 'Small-scale manufacture'

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Laird, Trevor. "Continuous Processes in Small-Scale Manufacture." Organic Process Research & Development 11, no. 6 (November 2007): 927. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/op700233e.

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El-Bakry, M., E. Duggan, E. D. O'Riordan, and M. O'Sullivan. "Small scale imitation cheese manufacture using a Farinograph." LWT - Food Science and Technology 43, no. 7 (September 2010): 1079–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2010.02.013.

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Mahmudova, Nilufar Gulomjonovna. "Value Of Local Resources In Increase Of Potential Of Small-Scale Business And Business." American Journal of Applied sciences 03, no. 04 (April 29, 2021): 111–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/tajas/volume03issue04-15.

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Small-scale business and business has great value in economic potential of each state. Uses of local resources in activity of small-scale business and business provides their efficiency. Possibility of manufacture of the competitive goods is as a result provided. In article on the basis of theoretical and analytical materials the basic directions of increase of efficiency of small-scale business and business with use of local resources are defined.

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Kapoor, R., and L. E. Metzger. "Small-Scale Manufacture of Process Cheese Using a Rapid Visco Analyzer." Journal of Dairy Science 88, no. 10 (October 2005): 3382–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(05)73022-8.

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Gardiner, Alicia, Paul Daly, Roger Domingo-Roca, James F. C. Windmill, Andrew Feeney, and Joseph C. Jackson-Camargo. "Additive Manufacture of Small-Scale Metamaterial Structures for Acoustic and Ultrasonic Applications." Micromachines 12, no. 6 (May 29, 2021): 634. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi12060634.

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Acoustic metamaterials are large-scale materials with small-scale structures. These structures allow for unusual interaction with propagating sound and endow the large-scale material with exceptional acoustic properties not found in normal materials. However, their multi-scale nature means that the manufacture of these materials is not trivial, often requiring micron-scale resolution over centimetre length scales. In this review, we bring together a variety of acoustic metamaterial designs and separately discuss ways to create them using the latest trends in additive manufacturing. We highlight the advantages and disadvantages of different techniques that act as barriers towards the development of realisable acoustic metamaterials for practical audio and ultrasonic applications and speculate on potential future developments.

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Chen, Chui Xin, and Yang Hong Mao. "Design and Manufacture of Ultra-Small Chip Power Inductor." Advanced Materials Research 705 (June 2013): 359–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.705.359.

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Ultra-small Chip Power Inductors play an important role in the new TFT-LCD, OLED and other display equipment and other high-end electronic equipment, there are many problems in the traditional power inductors,design and manufacture the small inductor has a very important significance, from small-scale processing, positioning assembly processing, and combine surface and the point welding processing, a whole forming handle, bulk welding and bulk dispensing processing six aspects in designing and manufacturing, practice has proved that take this design, suitable for mass production, can greatly improve the productive efficiency.

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Zhang, Hua Ling, Takehiko Makino, Kuniaki Dohda, and Jian Cao. "Production of Small Pin by Micro/Meso-Scale Rotary Forming." Materials Science Forum 614 (March 2009): 105–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.614.105.

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Micro/meso-scale (from 0.1 to 10mm) metal parts are required in electronics and medical field in recent years. Rotary forming is one of possible methods to manufacture micro axial-symmetry parts. In rotary forming, the materials are rotated and compressed in radial directions. In order to investigate the basic deformation mechanism, flat dies are used. The pins with diameters of 0.3 to 0.8mm are used to clarify the effect of size of pins on deformation behavior. Additionally, the effect of lubrication conditions on the forming process is examined. It is considered that size effects in friction behavior are recognized to be large in micro/meso-scale rotary forming.

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Spennemann, Dirk HR. "Bourgeois Aspirations: A biographical sketch of Hector Ledru, manufacturer and inventor (1798 to 1876)." Zeitschrift für Unternehmensgeschichte 62, no. 2 (September 4, 2017): 257–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zug-2017-1001.

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Abstract:During the first half of the nineteenth century, the French economy underwent a major technological change, with small and medium-scale entrepreneurs driving the industrialisation by developing and exploiting new technologies. This paper examines the life of one such entrepreneur, Hector Ledru (ca. 1798 to 1876), who started out in the sugar industry of the post Napoleonic era. He soon morphed into an entrepreneur exploiting patents in the manufacture of wooden barrel manufacture, galvanised iron and metal pipes, before he settled on the manufacture and installation of central heating systems. Ledru serves as an example of the archetypical small and later medium-scale entrepreneur making his way in post Napoleonic France, never reaching national fame, but all the way adjusting to the various social and economic circumstances.

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Sadokha, M. A., and S. L. Rovin. ". Increasing the efficiency of casting manufacture in small-scale and single-unit production." Litiyo i Metallurgiya (FOUNDRY PRODUCTION AND METALLURGY), no. 3 (October 20, 2020): 10–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.21122/1683-6065-2020-3-10-14.

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Foundry is a multidisciplinary industry of engineering, providing cast blanks from various metals and alloys. The seriality of production has a great impact on the efficiency and quality of the castings being received. Single-unit and small-scale foundry production is an important part of modern engineering. Structural analysis of casting technology is presented in the article, individual technological changes are considered both in terms of impact on the efficiency of casting, and in terms of high quality assurance at minimal cost. Taking into account the need for a single-unit and small-scale casting in the fl xibility of the processes, schemes of organization of technological preparation of production and technological equipment are proposed. Examples of the equipment used are given.

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Almalky, Sumaiah. "Application of HACCP on the small-scale manufacture of a food product (pudding)." FASEB Journal 30 (April 2016): 905.1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1096/fasebj.30.1_supplement.905.1.

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Emetere, M. E., and S. A. Afolalu. "Challenges of small-scale standalone solar energy supply in parts of Lagos via 39 years dataset." E3S Web of Conferences 294 (2021): 01007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202129401007.

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The adoption of solar energy as a sustainable clean type of energy can be seen globally by the patronage of solar devices. However, the high patronage photovoltaic (PV) module by the small-scale standalone user may be mitigated by the recent high maintenance cost via PV module damages by UV radiation. This study analyzed thirty-nine years (1980-2018) shortwave dataset in the tropics to chart the way forward for PV user, manufacturer, and regulatory organizations. It was observed that there is an increase in shortwave radiation in recent times that has led to more damages to PV modules. However, there is a statistical possibility that there may be lower shortwave radiation in the next decade, thereby reducing PV module damage. It is recommended that PV manufacture should modify the PV polymeric to shield the PV modules from UV radiation damage. Based on this research’s finding, it is recommended that product regulatory organizations develop a new technique to monitor PV modules.

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Jayanti.G and Dr. V.Selvam. "GST - Sway On Small Scale Industries." Restaurant Business 118, no. 10 (October 18, 2019): 365–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.26643/rb.v118i10.9331.

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India being a democratic and republic country, has witnessed the biggest indirect tax reform after much exploration, GST bill roll out on 1 April 2017. The concept of this reform is for a unified country-wide tax reform system. Enterprises particularly SMEs are caught in a state of instability. Several taxes such s excise, service tax etc., have been subsumed with a single tax structure. it is the responsibilities of both centre and state government to shoulder the important responsibility to cater the needs of the people and the nation as a whole. The main basis of income to the government is through levy of taxes. To meet the so called socio-economic needs and economic growth, taxes are considered as a main source of revenue for the government. As per Wikipedia “A tax is a mandatory financial charge or some other type of levy imposed upon tax payer by the government in order to fund various public expenditure” it is said that tax payment is mandatory, failure to pay such taxes will be punishable under the law. The Indian tax system is classified as direct and indirect tax. The indirect taxes are levied on purchase, sale, and manufacture of goods and provision of service. The indirect tax on goods and services increases its price, this can lead to inflationary trend. Contribution of indirect taxes to total tax revenue is more than 50% in India, therefore, indirect tax is considered as a major source of tax revenue for the government, which in turn is one of source for GDP growth. Though indirect tax is a major source of revenue, it had lot of hassles. To overcome the major issues of indirect tax system the government of India subsumed most of the indirect tax which in turn gave birth to the concept called Goods and Service Tax.

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Ahmed, Noor A., and J. R. Page. "Manufacture of an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) for Advanced Project Design Using 3D Printing Technology." Applied Mechanics and Materials 397-400 (September 2013): 970–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.397-400.970.

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The phenomenal growth in three-dimensional printing technology has the potential of ushering in the next wave of industrial revolution. As part of an advanced project design conducted at the Aerospace Engineering of the University of New South, the concept of a printable unmanned aerial vehicle was explored. A subsequent small scale test model was manufactured using three-dimensional printing technology for wind tunnel testing and validation. The exercise demonstrates the huge potential of such printing technology in future aircraft designs.Key words: 3D printing, design, manufacture, UAV

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Hidayat, Dadang Dayat, Arie Sudaryanto, Yose Rizal Kurniawan, Ashri Indriati, and Diang Sagita. "DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF DRUM COFFEE ROASTING MACHINE FOR SMALL-SCALE ENTERPRISES." INMATEH Agricultural Engineering 60, no. 1 (April 30, 2020): 79–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.35633/inmateh-60-09.

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The design, manufacture and evaluation of a drum coffee roasting machine had been carried out. The aimed of the study was to develop a small-scale drum roaster to meet the demand of the small enterprises at design and function. The development stage consisted of sizing of the main components, creating technical drawings, determination of component materials, manufacture and performance test. The dimension of the roaster drum was 168.28 mm in diameter and 250 mm in length; the capacity of the roaster was 750 gram/ batch. Results of the test determined that the coffee roasting machine had worked well as expected. The preheating time was 15-22 minutes at a drum speed of 67.5 rpm. The initial loading temperature was 180°C. The test using arabica coffee bean reveals that the average crack time was 8.78 minutes, development time was 2.35 minutes, decreasing mass and increasing volume ranged from 19.80 – 20.30 % and 49.97 – 54.85 % respectively. The average crack time of Robusta coffee bean was 10 minutes; development time was 3 minutes, decreasing mass and increasing volume ranged from 10.87 – 14.90 % and 44.93 – 56.20 %, respectively. The required time to roast Arabica green coffee bean to the light-medium and medium-dark level was 11.3 and 12.38 minutes respectively, besides for Robusta green coffee beans was 13.00 and 14.00 minutes respectively.

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Martin, Leslie A., Shanthi Nataraj, and Ann E. Harrison. "In with the Big, Out with the Small: Removing Small-Scale Reservations in India." American Economic Review 107, no. 2 (February 1, 2017): 354–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.20141335.

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An ongoing debate in employment policy is whether promoting small and medium enterprises creates jobs. We use the elimination of small-scale industry (SSI) promotion in India to address this question. For 60 years, SSI promotion in India focused on reserving certain products for manufacture by small and medium enterprises. We identify the consequences for employment growth, investment, output, productivity, and wages of dismantling India's SSI reservations. We exploit variation in the timing of de-reservation across products and also measure the long-run impact of national SSI policy changes using variation in pretreatment exposure at the district level. Districts more exposed to de-reservation experienced higher employment and output growth. Entrants into the de-reserved product spaces and incumbents that were previously constrained by the size restrictions drove the increase in growth. The results suggest that dismantling India's SSI policies encouraged overall employment growth. (JEL E24, L25, L53, L60, O14, O25)

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Hourd, Paul, Amit Chandra, David Alvey, Patrick Ginty, Mark McCall, Elizabeth Ratcliffe, Erin Rayment, and David J. Williams. "Qualification of academic facilities for small-scale automated manufacture of autologous cell-based products." Regenerative Medicine 9, no. 6 (November 2014): 799–815. http://dx.doi.org/10.2217/rme.14.47.

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Ficker, Mario, Valentina Paolucci, and Jørn B. Christensen. "Improved large-scale synthesis and characterization of small and medium generation PAMAM dendrimers." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 95, no. 9 (September 2017): 954–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjc-2017-0108.

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Dendrimers are promising polymers for biomedical applications; however, most dendrimer formulations have failed to move from laboratory science to upscaled products for preclinical testing or GMP production. This publications reports on an improved large-scale PAMAM dendrimer synthesis that is suitable to manufacture large amounts of highly pure and monodisperse dendrimers of generations G0–G5. Furthermore, an extended analytical guideline how to characterize PAMAM dendrimers with NMR, HPLC, SEC-MALS, ESI, MALDI, UV–vis, fluorescence, and IR spectroscopy is provided.

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Нырков, Д., D. Nyrkov, Александр Стариков, and Aleksandr Starikov. "Analysis of Advanced Algorithms Master Production Schedule for Custom Manufacture of Furniture." Forestry Engineering Journal 7, no. 3 (November 1, 2017): 299–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/article_59c2124049cd45.48567850.

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The article discusses the algorithms employed in automated systems for master production scheduling in the applicability of their produce-to-order furniture. Small batch and custom production of furniture occupies a significant market share, as we do, and in the countries of Western Europe. Also, it is a prospective direction of development for other industries, focused on the end user. Most of the existing national planning systems designed for large-scale and mass production, in which the main role takes enterprise performance. Therefore, the main indicator, which is used by the optimization of scheduling, is the moment of completion of the last job. However, custom production is much more complex factors affecting the success of the enterprise as a whole: a key indicator in this case is the completion of all work no later than the specified time, not their early completion (within the terms established by treaties with customers). Also in the custom and small-scale production, it takes an important role time index spent on readjustment of the equipment associated with the transition to a different type of output. If these and other indicators do not have a significant role in large-scale production, the small-scale productions of these indicators have a significant impact on the performance of the enterprise, and they can no longer be neglected. In this paper, the three most promising mathematical algorithms (algorithm simulated annealing, genetic algorithm and artificial neural network), which allow us to optimize schedules based on several criteria applied to the problem of master production scheduling, customized production of furniture.

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Bligh, A. O., Noor A. Ahmed, and Y. Y. Zheng. "Design and Manufacture of a Planetary Gearbox Rig." Applied Mechanics and Materials 397-400 (September 2013): 176–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.397-400.176.

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Planetary gearboxes are required in many applications but have a high failure rate especially in wind turbines where rapid growth in turbine size is placing larger demands on the gearboxes. Current condition monitoring techniques are less effective at detecting faults in planetary gearboxes due to the complexity of the internal rotating components. A small scale planetary gearbox was, therefore, needed for testing on a gearbox test rig to develop a more effective method of condition monitoring. The detailed computer design and manufacture of the planetary gearbox for this purpose is detailed in this paper.

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Cao, Qi, Xi Ping Feng, Jie Li, and Tao Dong. "Research on the Performance Detecting System of High-Precision Small-Scale Solid Rocket Motor." Advanced Materials Research 346 (September 2011): 804–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.346.804.

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According to the performance detecting requirements in development and manufacture of solid rocket motor, a test platform had been set up based on flexible test fixture, a measurement & control platform had been built using virtual instrument technology, a set of solid rocket motor ground test performance detecting software including parameter calibration module, data measurement module and data processing module had been developed based on the LabVIEW7.1, and the solid rocket motor performance detecting system was constructed. The application results through testing normative solid rocket motor show that: the system could actualize parameter calibration expediently, experimental data collection and processing rapidly, even reach the measurement precision by 0.3% that required in project and could monitor the working process of solid rocket motor simultaneously, which satisfies high-precision requirement of motor performance detecting.

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Shi, Wen Tian, Yu De Liu, Yue Ding, and Bao An Han. "Manufacture of Micro Gear Shaft Based on Micro Hobbing Technology." Applied Mechanics and Materials 55-57 (May 2011): 494–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.55-57.494.

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Micro hobbing technology is an extension of traditional technology in small scale for processing micro gear. The micro gear shaft which module is 0.175mm is processed by micro hobbing technology. The tooth profile of the micro gear shaft is perfect and the tooth is divided evenly, the burr of the edge is small and the surface roughness is high enough to achieve the requirements of the micro gear shaft. In paper, the design of micro gear hob and the micro hobbing technology is the key factor to the manufacture of micro gear and is presented detailed. The result shows micro hobbing is a good way to process micro gear and it has some advantages including the high efficiency, accuracy in tooth profile, lower cost and widely range of suitable materials. micro-hobbing technology has significance value to research and can be applied in manufacturing the micro gear.

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Rusli, Mochammad, I. N. G. Wardana, Mochammad Agus Choiron, and Muhammad Aziz Muslim. "Design, Manufacture and Finite Element Analysis of a Small-Scale Ladder-Secondary Double-Sided Linear Induction Motor." Advanced Science Letters 23, no. 5 (May 1, 2017): 4371–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/asl.2017.8853.

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Lim, Chae Wook. "Design and manufacture of small-scale wind turbine simulator to emulate torque response of MW wind turbine." International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing-Green Technology 4, no. 4 (October 2017): 409–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40684-017-0046-6.

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Arifin, Maulana, Bambang Wahono, Endro Junianto, and Ari Darmawan Pasek. "Process Manufacture Rotor Radial Turbo-expander for Small Scale Organic Rankine Cycles Using Selective Laser Melting Machine." Energy Procedia 68 (April 2015): 305–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2015.03.260.

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Igboanugo, A. C., and Godwin C. Ovuworie. "Design and Manufacture of Palm Nut/Fibre Separator." Advanced Materials Research 62-64 (February 2009): 671–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.62-64.671.

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Sorting of palm nuts from palm fruit cake, a byproduct obtained after palm oil has been extracted from the batch of digested palm fruit, is burdensome especially to small-scale entrepreneurs involved in palm oil processing business in Africa. This paper has triumphed over the perceived difficulties by using the knowledge of processing engineering to design pilot nut/fibre separator that can efficiently and speedily sort out nuts from nut/fibre mesh. Basic design considerations necessary to achieve reliability of the machine are discussed. Performance evaluation data from the machine obtained were related to its industrial correlate and, in particular, the van der Waerden Normal Scores test carried out inclined us to accept, at a p-value of 0.941, the null hypothesis of no significant difference in processing time between the pilot nut/fibre separator and its industrial counterpart.

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Ahn, M. C., D. K. Bae, S. E. Yang, D. K. Park, T. K. Ko, C. Lee, B. Y. Seok, and H. M. Chang. "Manufacture and Test of Small-Scale Superconducting Fault Current Limiter by Using the Bifilar Winding of Coated Conductor." IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity 16, no. 2 (June 2006): 646–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tasc.2006.870522.

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Moutlana, Malesela K., and Sarp Adali. "Effects of Elastic Restraints on the Fundamental Frequency of Nonlocal Nanobeams with Tip Mass." Volume 24, No 3, September 2019 24, no. 3 (September 2019): 520–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.20855/ijav.2019.24.31368.

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The fundamental frequencies of an elastically restrained nanobeam with a tip mass are studied based on the nonlocal Euler-Bernoulli beam theory. The nanobeam has a torsional spring at one end and a translational spring at the other end where a tip mass is attached. The aim is to model a tapping mode atomic force microscope (TM-AFM), which can be utilized in imaging and the manufacture of Nano-scale structures. A TM-AFM uses high frequency oscillations to remove material, shape structures or scan the topology of a Nano-scale structure. The nonlocal theory is effective at modelling Nano-scale structures, as it takes small scale effects into account. Torsional elastic restraints can model clamped and pinned boundary conditions, as their stiffness values change between zero and infinity. The effects of the stiffness of the elastic restraints, tip mass and the small-scale parameter on the fundamental frequency are investigated numerically.

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Quataert, Jean H. "A New View of Industrialization: “Protoindustry” or the Role of Small-Scale, Labor-Intensive Manufacture in the Capitalist Environment." International Labor and Working-Class History 33 (1988): 3–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0147547900003306.

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Quataert, Jean H. "A New View of Industrialization: “Protoindustry” or the Role of Small-Scale, Labor-Intensive Manufacture in the Capitalist Environment." International Labor and Working-Class History 33 (1988): 3–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0147547900004683.

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Khaq, Khanifa Nurul, and Lusiawati Dewi. "DETEKSI CEMARAN BAKTERI KOLIFORM DAN Salmonella sp. PADA TEMPE YANG DIKEMAS DAUN PISANG DI DAERAH SALATIGA." Agric 28, no. 1 (January 16, 2017): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.24246/agric.2016.v28.i1.p79-86.

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<p>ABSTRACT</p><p>Banana leaves-wrapped tempeh is a traditional food as a conventional base of vegetable protein source. Fermented soybeans into tempeh assisted by fungi kind Rhizopusoligosporus, Rhizopusoryzae and Rhizopusstolonifer. Hygiene is very important in the process of fermentation as it will affect the end result of products. Packaging materials can serve as a protective product, but related to the materials used can be the sources of microbial contaminants in food packaging.For small-scale Tempeh industry in Salatiga area commonly use banana leaves to wrap tempeh.The absence of leaves-wrapped tempeh quality standard made the manufacturers ignore the tempeh processing standard quality. The purpose of this study is to obtain data on the number of coliforms contamination and the presence or absence of Salmonella sp. contamination on banana leaves-wrapped soybean tempeh from manufacturer of production 5-10 kg per day in District of Sidorejo and Tingkir, Salatiga with standar provision of SNI 3144-2015.For the detection of coliform contamination, method used Most probable Number (MPN) series of three tubes with Presumtive Test and Comfirmative Test, as well as the detection of Salmonella sp. with SSA (Salmonella Shigella Agar) specific media. The research result that average sample of manufacturers in Sidorejo and Tingkir District have not met the standard limits of coliform contamination. The highest value of coliform contamination was >1100 APM/g and lowest value was 7 APM/g, while the Salmonella sp. detection in average yield positive result but found one sample showed negative result. Found one sample contaminated with Shigella sp. bacteria.High contamination of coliform and Salmonella was identified obtain from the tools and materials used in manufacturing process, lack of sanitation in manufacture environment, and so the individual as the manufacturer.</p>

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J. C. Barrett T W. Hammonds and R. V. Harris. "A TECHNICAL AND ECONOMIC EVALUATION OF A SMALL SCALE COCONUT OIL EXPELLER OPERATION IN THE COOK ISLANDS." CORD 3, no. 02 (June 1, 1987): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.37833/cord.v3i02.202.

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Small‑scale processing of copra was demonstrated to be technically feasible and potentially very profitable in the Cook Islands using equipment comprising a copra chopper, a screw press and a filter press. At through‑puts close to 65 kg per hour, yields of ciarified oil and copra cake were around 55 per cent and 40 per cent respectively, on a weight basis. A consumer survey indicated that coconut oil could be marketed as a cooking oil to substitute for imported vegetable oils; potential use in soap manufacture was also identified, while copra cake was readily marketed for animal feeding. For an initial establishment cost of just under NZS 100,000 the f‑mancial internal rate of return for investment in small‑scale copra processing in the Cook Islands, provided that all output can be marketed, is calculated as 49 per cent, which is very attractive. Prospects for the success of similarventures at locations elsewhere in the Pacific are promising.

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David, A., G. Williams, David Jenkins, Ian Rigby, and Olwen Williams-Thorpe. "Stone Axe-head Manufacture: New Evidence from the Preseli Hills, West Wales." Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 61 (1995): 433–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0079497x00003169.

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Fieldwork by the Dyfed Archaeological Trust during 1989–92 has identified clear evidence for the manufacture of stone axeheads at two locations on the eastern flanks of the Preseli Mountains, Dyfed: at Glyn-y-Fran, Llanfyrnach (SN 186 307) and near Glandy Cross (SN 143 266). At both sites, small quantities of lithic debris were collected from field surfaces after cultivation; unfortunately, no contemporaneous features were found by subsequent, very limited, trial trenching. In this report we describe the fieldwork at these two sites, and the resulting lithic collection, concluding that the latter represents evidence for small-scale and opportunistic exploitation of locally abundant erratics during the Neolithic. The Glandy Cross area was later a focus for the construction of ritual monuments during the Bronze Age, and there is also some evidence for continuing activity at Glyn-y-Fran at this time.Petrological thin section analysis of some of the artefacts is reported and demonstrates a probable identity with petrological Group VIII; geochemical analysis of some of the same artefacts places the likely geological origin of these at local igneous exposures also in the Preselis. These conclusions are reviewed in the light of current discussion on the usage and origins of raw materials in later prehistory.

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Makarov, Konstantin, Evgeny Yurchenko, and Elena Yurchenko. "Application of additive technology for the study of resonance oscillations in structures." MATEC Web of Conferences 251 (2018): 04001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201825104001.

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The methodic of studying the vibrations of small-sized physical models using additive technology has been developed. The results of the experimental determination of the resonance frequencies for harmonic oscillations and the calculation of the phase shift for two small-scale models of a three-story reinforced concrete building with a nonrigel frame has been presented. It has been shown that the production of models on a 3-D printer makes it possible to reduce the laboriousness of their manufacture, and also to expand the possibilities for accounting of operational defects in buildings and structures derived from seismic, vibrational and other types of vibrational influences based on physical modeling.

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Fan, Yi Hua, Ching En Chen, Wen Wei Fan, and Hung Wen Liao. "Development of a Nanoscale Micro-Machining Machine." Applied Mechanics and Materials 284-287 (January 2013): 707–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.284-287.707.

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This paper proposes a novel nano-scale micro-machining machine based on the pantograph mechanism. It is designed to satisfy the need for achieving high accuracy and process efficiency in the manufacture of increasingly small industrial products. The target platform is mounted on a pantograph and small x-y sliders, and is driven by a traditional X-Y platform with common precision. The theoretical and simulation results indicate that the proposed method is feasible for development of a micro-machining machine capable of achieving nano-level precision. In addition, test results indicate that the micro-machining machine can position the target platform with a resolution of 500nm

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Ahmed, Feroz, and Monimul Haque . "Constraints of Manufacture based Small and Medium Enterprise (SME) Development in Bangladesh." Journal of Social and Development Sciences 1, no. 3 (April 15, 2011): 91–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jsds.v1i3.632.

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Small and medium enterprises (henceforth, SMEs) play a key role in economic growth and industrial development of a country. They make vital contributions in improving economic and social sectors of a country through stimulating large scale employment, investment, development of indigenous skill and technology, promotion of entrepreneurship and innovativeness, enhancing exports, and also building an industrial base at different scales. SMEs worldwide have been benefited from the combined interactions of forces of product mix, location factors, and market advantages. However, evidences also suggest that there are cases of SME failures. Growth of SMEs is constrained by many factors. Many SMEs occasionally go on growing into large firms. This paper looks for identifying such constraints of manufacture based SME Development in Bangladesh. From the study, it has been identified that, lack of utility facilities, for example, electricity, gas and water, frequent changes of the prices of raw materials as well as shortage of raw materials, political unrest, high interest rate on borrowings, high transportation cost, lack of financing for ongoing concern, and inadequate infrastructure are the major constraints of manufacture based SMEs Development in Bangladesh. The researchers assume that few initiatives like developing necessary infrastructure, ensuring utility services, reducing bank rate and ensuring consistent supply of raw materials can change the total scenario and thus can help the manufacturing sector which in turn will result the industrial development of the country and thus will be able to contribute to the economic development.

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Kim, S. W., J. Namkung, and Ohjoon Kwon. "Manufacture and Industrial Application of Fe-Based Metallic Glasses." Materials Science Forum 706-709 (January 2012): 1324–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.706-709.1324.

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Metallic glass alloys have been considered as attractive materials due to their excellent mechanical and magnetic properties. However, commercial application of metallic glasses has been limited not only because of high production cost, but because of low market demands. A critical production cost factor was raw material since ferrous metallic glasses were made from high purity electrolytic iron. An idea to reduce the cost was to utilize the raw materials which were taken directly from molten iron and steel manufactured at the existing steel plants. Investigations have been performed to find whether metallic glasses made of molten iron and steel demonstrated appropriate mechanical and magnetic performance. Pilot scale equipments were designed to produce amorphous metallic fibers and strips continuously under the atmospheric condition. Process conditions were optimized by controlling process variables such as alloying and nozzle design, feeding temperature, speed and so on. The glass formability was tested by XRD and DSC analysis. Possibilities of application of Fe-based metallic glasses to reinforced concrete were also evaluated. It was confirmed that a small addition of metallic glass fibers in concrete increased the mechanical performance compared to that of commercial concrete reinforced with steel wires. In addition, amorphous strips were manufactured to apply them to the transformer core. It has been demonstrated that the magnetic properties were equivalent to those of commercial products.

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Stone, Nigel A., Wayne Wright, Marty O'Byrne, and Stuart Bow. "Novel Refractory Development for Synthetic Rutile Manufacture via the Becher Process." Advances in Science and Technology 70 (October 2010): 91–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.70.91.

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Australia is fortunate in that it has ~80,760 kt (Ti equivalent) representing 15% of the world’s titanium resources in the form of ilmenite, rutile, anatase and leucoxene. Although of late the annual quantity of mined material has reduced due to the global financial situation, the average amount of material mined was of the order of 700 kt (Ti eq). To date the most common process used for beneficiating the ilmenite in Australia has been the Becher process to produce synthetic rutile of the order of 92-96% TiO2. Due to the nature of the mineralogy of the deposits, a very small amount of naturally occurring radioactive materials (mainly thorium) is present which for some applications is considered unacceptable. Consequently a number of years ago the Synthetic Rutile Enhancement Process (SREP) was developed which removes the thorium contamination through the use of a boron containing mineral additive [1,2,3], which complexes the radioactive material during the reduction process. Unfortunately the consequences of this reaction is the build up of a flux-like material on the walls of the rotary kilns leading to significantly reduced throughput and even significant refractory loss. The aim of this paper is therefore to describe the development of a novel refractory castable system utilising the in-situ formation of aluminium titanate which in combination with matrix chemistry control and thermo-mechanical property design, greatly inhibited the adhesion of process flux on the refractory walls. The development strategy and subsequent history from simulated laboratory testing and early small scale trials up to the performance of the novel refractory in a fully lined kiln operating over a number of years will be highlighted.

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Bian, Pei Ying, and Pei Song Bian. "The Research of FMS Scheduling and Simulation." Advanced Materials Research 510 (April 2012): 70–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.510.70.

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For making enterprise to flexible manufacturing, some scheduling optimization algorithms are correspondingly designed for the main producing equipments, such as the machine tool, transport vehicles, warehouse work machine and so on. At the same time, VC language is used to develop a simulated procedure of a small-scale workshop. Then these scheduling optimization algorithms are inserted to the simulated procedure. At last a simulated example proves the availability of these algorithms for they can shorten the period of manufacture, improve manufacturing efficiency and achieve the purpose of flexible production.

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D'AMICO, DENNIS J., and CATHERINE W. DONNELLY. "Characterization of Staphylococcus aureus Strains Isolated from Raw Milk Utilized in Small-Scale Artisan Cheese Production." Journal of Food Protection 74, no. 8 (August 1, 2011): 1353–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-10-533.

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Staphylococcus aureus is an important agent of bacterial mastitis in milking animals and of foodborne intoxication in humans. The purpose of this study was to examine the genetic and phenotypic diversity, enterotoxigenicity, and antimicrobial resistance of S. aureus strains isolated from raw milk used for the production of artisan cheese in Vermont. Cross-tabulations revealed that the 16 ribotypes identified among the 90 milk isolates examined were typically associated with a specific animal species and that more than half of these ribotypes were unique to individual farms. In general, specific EcoRI ribotypes were commonly associated with specific phenotypical characteristics, including staphylococcal enterotoxin production or the lack thereof. Limited antimicrobial resistance was observed among the isolates, with resistance to ampicillin (12.51%) or penicillin (17.04%) most common. Two isolates of the same ribotype obtained from the same farm were resistant to oxacillin with 2% NaCl. More than half (52.22%) of isolates produced toxin, and 31 of the 32 isolates solely produced staphylococcal enterotoxin type C. Although these data demonstrate that S. aureus strains found in raw milk intended for artisan cheese manufacture are capable of enterotoxin production, staphylococcal enterotoxin C is not typically linked to foodborne illness. Because S. aureus is a common contaminant of cheese, an understanding of the ecology of this pathogen and of the antimicrobial susceptibility and toxigenicity of various strains will ultimately contribute to the development of control practices needed to enhance the safety of artisan and farmstead cheese production.

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Bobin-Vastra, I., M. Febvre, P. Lorenzetto, Y. Bouveret, D. Cauvin, G. Raisson, and D. Conchon. "Manufacture and first wall joining for an ITER primary wall module prototype: R&D phase with small scale mock-ups." Fusion Engineering and Design 56-57 (October 2001): 261–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0920-3796(01)00297-6.

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Kalinichenko, M. L., L. P. Dolgiy, and U. A. Kalinichenko. "Analysis of modern composite materials used in the manufacture of model kits for small-scale foundry production, obtained using bonding technology." Litiyo i Metallurgiya (FOUNDRY PRODUCTION AND METALLURGY), no. 3 (October 20, 2020): 15–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.21122/1683-6065-2020-3-15-22.

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The article presents modern data on the materials used to create model kits, the method of their installation for use on any foundries, specializing in the repair and creation of castings by experimental or small-scale batches. The analysis of the used materials, adhesive compositions for their fastening, as well as economic indicators of the costs necessary for their production was made. The properties of glued joints used for manufacturing components of model kits from plastics and its combinations with metal parts are shown.

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Liu, Bing, Peng Zhu, Anchang Xu, and Limin Bao. "Investigation of the recycling of continuous fiber-reinforced thermoplastics." Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials 32, no. 3 (February 18, 2018): 342–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0892705718759388.

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There is limited information on the recycling of continuous fiber-reinforced thermoplastics (FRTPs). Furthermore, existing research has been conducted in laboratories on a very small scale. In this article, we propose an effective and simple technology for recycling of FRTPs, which can be conducted on a large scale. To accelerate the rate of resin dissolution, prepared FRTPs were cut into small pieces. The obtained pieces were used to manufacture recycled chopped fabric tape-reinforced thermoplastics (R-CTTs). The feasibility of the recycling technology was confirmed by comparing the mechanical properties of the composites made from virgin materials (virgin chopped fabric tape-reinforced thermoplastics (V-CTTs)) and recycled materials. There was a significant improvement of the tensile properties with the increase of the specimen thickness. The strength of the materials was more sensitive to the length of the chopped tape than the modulus. Fibers in both V-CTT and R-CTT were well connected with the resins, as confirmed by scanning electron microscopy.

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Vranić, Edina. "Recent advances in the identification and prediction of polymorphs." Bosnian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences 3, no. 3 (August 20, 2003): 32–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.17305/bjbms.2003.3525.

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An increased understanding of the phenomenon of polymorphism should enable pharmaceutical scientists to gain control over the crystallization process in order to selectively obtain the desired polymorph or suppress the growth of an undesired one. Phase changes during processing and scale-up are a problem, which may be avoided by carefully designed initial small-scale studies. The availability of detailed structural data, combined with strategic design of substrates and additives, has led to significant advances in the control over the polymorphs obtained in a particular crystallization. With all the information available from these initial studies, it should be possible to design and to select processing conditions which would give a desired polymorph and maintain the desired form throughout the various stages of drug processing and manufacture.

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Korotchenko, A. Yu, D. E. Khilkov, M. V. Tverskoy, and A. A. Khilkova. "Research of 3D Printing Modes of Feedstock for Metal Injection Molding." Materials Science Forum 992 (May 2020): 461–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.992.461.

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In this work, to reduce the cost of production of parts using injection molding metal technology (MIM technology), it is proposed to use additive technologies (AT) for the manufacture of green parts. The use of AT allows us to abandon expensive molds and expand the field of use of the MIM of technology in single and small-scale production. For manufacture of green parts, the technology of manufacturing fused filament (Fused Filament Fabrication – FFF) is offered. The original composition of the metal powder mix (feedstock) and the filament manufacturing modes for 3D printing have been developed for the FFF technology. The cost of filament is much lower than its analogs. The factors affecting the print quality of green part are considered. All factors are divided into two groups depending on the possibility of their change during printing. The research of the influence of the coefficient filament supply on the geometry of green parts during 3D printing is presented.

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Ikimi, J. A., W. E. Odinikuku, and T. B. Adeleke. "A Survey of Factors on Design for Manufacture of Chemical Fertilizer Granulating Machine." European Journal of Engineering and Technology Research 6, no. 4 (June 25, 2021): 124–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejers.2021.6.4.2467.

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The design for manufacturing of granulating machines to produce fertilizer granules in small scale using locally available materials is often challenging and this results in low fertilizer usage among Nigerian farmers when compared with the world’s average usage. A lot of factors are associated with chemical fertilizer granulating machine, and it is necessary to examine and understand the interplay among these factors. This study weighs up a number of variables that relates with the design and usage of chemical fertilizer granulating machine and offers increased insight and awareness about their insidiousness. The study employed a survey approach, using the Rensis Likert’s attitudinal scale, to generate respondents’ data matrix that was analyzed with Principal Component Analysis (PCA), and which was facilitated by statistiXL software. Kendall’s Coefficient of Concordance (KCC) was used to rank the thirty two (32) identified variables and PCA was thereafter deployed to ascertain the degree of interplay among the variables. Results obtained by KCC suggested that judges ranking were consistent as there was sufficient evidence to reject the null hypothesis Also, PCA was indicating parsimony in data reduction from 32 variables to mere five. The result established five principal factors creatively labeled Miscellany Components, Technical Considerations, Granulation Efficiency, Agricultural National policy and Biophysical Elements. The most influential variable by its factor loading of 0.894 is Agricultural National policy. A gamut of variables which seem to affect chemical fertilizer granulating machine has been examined. This has helped in discerning similarities in dissimilarities.

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Dehaeck, Sam, Marco Cavaiani, Adam Chafai, Youness Tourtit, Youen Vitry, and Pierre Lambert. "Hybrid Two-Scale Fabrication of Sub-Millimetric Capillary Grippers." Micromachines 10, no. 4 (March 29, 2019): 224. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi10040224.

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Capillary gripping is a pick-and-place technique that is particularly well-suited for handling sub-millimetric components. Nevertheless, integrating a fluid supply and release mechanism becomes increasingly difficult to manufacture for these scales. In the present contribution, two hybrid manufacturing procedures are introduced in which the creation of the smallest features is decoupled from the macro-scale components. In the first procedure, small scale features are printed directly (by two-photon polymerisation) on top of a 3D-printed device (through stereolithography). In the second approach, directional ultraviolet (UV)-illumination and an adapted design allowed for successful (polydimethylsiloxane, PDMS) moulding of the microscopic gripper head on top of a metal substrate. Importantly, a fully functional microchannel is present in both cases through which liquid to grip the components can be supplied and retracted. This capability of removing the liquid combined with an asymmetric pillar design allows for a passive release mechanism with a placement precision on the order of 3% of the component size.

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Khan, Nasir. "AN ANALYSIS OF THE APPLICATION OF AGILE MANUFACTURING IN MEDIUM SCALE MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY." International Journal of Engineering Technologies and Management Research 5, no. 2 (May 4, 2020): 355–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/ijetmr.v5.i2.2018.667.

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To compete effectively in the global marketplace of the twenty-first century, manufacturing companies are trying to maintain a high level of flexibility and responsiveness to achieve agility and to remain competitive. Manufacturers are under tremendous pressure to improve productivity and quality while reducing costs. The new competition is in terms of reduced cost, improved quality products with higher performance, a wider range of products and better services all delivered simultaneously to enhance value to customers. In such environment providing good quality product at low cost for a medium scale industry has become very tough. To provide good quality product at low cost, small industries need a formulation of some manufacturing approaches like agile manufacturing to manufacture defect free products within their materials cost limit. Medium scale steel manufacturing industries like Magnum steel limited (MSL), banmore are facing problems of higher rejections in form of wastes so as to increase their cost. This paper aims to analyze the application of agile manufacturing in magnum steel limited in order to reduce wastages through implementing lean tools and techniques. An agility audit questionnaire is used for assessing the agility level of the company to identify the current level of performance within the company with respect to the key elements of agility. MSL’s agile experience is reported including a list of recommendation for improving its competitiveness to offer solution alternatives not only to the current problems but also to the ones that may be encountered in the future.

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De Groote, Hugo, Bernard Munyua, Djibril Traore, John R. N. Taylor, Mario Ferruzzi, Cheikh Ndiaye, Isiguzoro O. Onyeoziri, and Bruce R. Hamaker. "Measuring consumer acceptance of instant fortified millet products using affective tests and auctions in Dakar, Senegal." International Food and Agribusiness Management Review 24, no. 3 (April 13, 2021): 499–522. http://dx.doi.org/10.22434/ifamr2020.0068.

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Small-scale affordable extruders create new opportunities for small enterprise food processors to manufacture nutritionally enhanced products. Still, consumer interest in these products needs to be assessed first. Affective tests with 296 consumers in Dakar, Senegal, evaluated five pearl millet flours: (a) conventional, compared to four instant-porridge flour products; (b) sifted; (c) wholegrain; (d) sifted with premix; (e) wholegrain with micronutrient premix and food-to-food fortified (FtFF). Willingness-to-pay (WTP) was elicited through experimental auctions under two treatments: firstly without information, then with information. Consumers liked FtFF (taste, aroma, appearance) but were indifferent to instant. They did not appreciate wholegrain flour (appearance) or premix (appearance, aroma and taste). Without information, consumers showed no differences in WTP. With information, consumers paid premiums for FtFF (27-30%) (both treatments), and premix (17%), instant (9%), and wholegrain (-10%) (one treatment). Costs of instant, wholegrain and premix products were lower than consumers’ WTP, indicating potential profits, but not those of FtFF. There is a market for instant cereals in Senegal. Consumers require product information in order to compromise on some attributes to benefit from instant, fortified and wholegrain pearl millet products. Manufacture would be cost-effective, but FtFF costs need to be reduced.

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Nicholls, Alexander J., and Ian R. Baxendale. "Benzo[1,2,3]dithiazole Compounds: A History of Synthesis and Their Renewed Applicability in Materials and Synthetic Chemistry, Originating from the Herz Reaction." Reactions 2, no. 3 (June 29, 2021): 175–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/reactions2030013.

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The benzo[1,2,3]dithiazole is a unique heteroaromatic functionality whose conjugated profile instils some fascinating electronic properties. This has been historically recognized in the design and manufacture of organic dyes early last century. Although, with the benefit of increased diagnostic techniques and improved understanding, these structures are attracting greater attention in additional research settings, including applications as organic radicals and semiconductors. In addition, the benzodithiazole functionality has been shown to be a valuable synthetic intermediate in the preparation of a variety of other privileged aromatic and heteroaromatic targets, many of which are important APIs. In this review, the authors aim to critically analyse the potential applicability of these compounds to the fields of not only small-scale laboratory synthetic and medicinal chemistry but also commercial-scale processes and increasingly materials chemistry.

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McIntyre, Irene, Michael O'Sullivan, and Dolores O'Riordan. "Monitoring the progression of calcium and protein solubilisation as affected by calcium chelators during small-scale manufacture of casein-based food matrices." Food Chemistry 237 (December 2017): 597–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.05.149.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Small-scale manufacture'

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