Journal articles: 'Small-scale interventions'

1

Dyson, Benjamin J. "Assessing small-scale interventions in large-scale teaching." Active Learning in Higher Education 9, no. 3 (November 2008): 265–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1469787408095856.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Rocheleau, Jordy. "Against Small Interventions On Sliding Scale Grounds." Philosophy in the Contemporary World 19, no. 2 (2012): 26–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/pcw20121924.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Edwards, Anne. "Activity theory and small-scale interventions in schools." Journal of Educational Change 9, no. 4 (August 1, 2008): 375–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10833-008-9085-7.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Horan, Robyn, Pawan S. Wable, Veena Srinivasan, Helen E. Baron, Virginie J. D. Keller, Kaushal K. Garg, Nathan Rickards, Mike Simpson, Helen A. Houghton-Carr, and H. Gwyn Rees. "Modelling Small-Scale Storage Interventions in Semi-Arid India at the Basin Scale." Sustainability 13, no. 11 (May 29, 2021): 6129. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13116129.

Full text

Abstract:

There has been renewed interest in the performance, functionality, and sustainability of traditional small-scale storage interventions (check dams, farm bunds and tanks) used within semi-arid regions for the improvement of local water security and landscape preservation. The Central Groundwater Board of India is encouraging the construction of such interventions for the alleviation of water scarcity and to improve groundwater recharge. It is important for water resource management to understand the hydrological effect of these interventions at the basin scale. The quantification of small-scale interventions in hydrological modelling is often neglected, especially in large-scale modelling activities, as data availability is low and their hydrological functioning is uncertain. A version of the Global Water Availability Assessment (GWAVA) water resources model was developed to assess the impact of interventions on the water balance of the Cauvery Basin and two smaller sub-catchments. Model results demonstrate that farm bunds appear to have a negligible effect on the average annual simulated streamflow at the outlets of the two sub-catchments and the basin, whereas tanks and check dams have a more significant and time varying effect. The open water surface of the interventions contributed to an increase in evaporation losses across the catchment. The change in simulated groundwater storage with the inclusion of interventions was not as significant as catchment-scale literature and field studies suggest. The model adaption used in this study provides a step-change in the conceptualisation and quantification of the consequences of small-scale storage interventions in large- or basin-scale hydrological models.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Wireko-Gyebi, Rejoice Selorm, Michael Osei Asibey, Owusu Amponsah, Rudith Sylvana King, Imoro Braimah, Godfred Darko, and Anne Mette Lykke. "Perception of Small-Scale Miners on Interventions to Eradicate Illegal Small-Scale Mining in Ghana." SAGE Open 10, no. 4 (October 2020): 215824402096366. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2158244020963668.

Full text

Abstract:

The proliferation of illegal mining in Ghana, coupled with its environmental impacts, especially on water bodies has compelled the government to ban all artisanal small-scale mining (ASM) activities in the country. The ban is intended to promote environmental sustainability while the government takes steps to provide sustainable health, and environmental-friendly ASM in Ghana. This paper assesses the perception of registered miners on the current approach by the Ghanaian government to stop illegal mining. Analyses of data from focus group discussions and key informant interviews revealed that the miners felt “left out” of the entire process. They maintained that they were not directly involved in the process to ban illegal mining in Ghana. To them, the proliferation of illegal mining in Ghana is the result of non-performing government institutions, corruption, and cumbersome licensing procedures. The article calls for improvement in the collaboration between the government and miners through a simplified participatory framework for the management of ASM in Ghana.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Pramana, K. E. R., M. W. Ertsen, and N. C. van de Giesen. "Towards systematic planning of small-scale hydrological intervention-based research." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 12, no. 9 (September 18, 2015): 9489–569. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-12-9489-2015.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract. Many small-scale water development initiatives are accompanied by hydrological research to study either the shape of the intervention or its impacts. Humans influence both, and thus one needs to take human agency into account. This paper focuses on the effects of human actions in the intervention and its associated hydrological research, as these effects have not yet been discussed explicitly in a systematic way. In this paper, we propose a systematic planning, based on evaluating three hydrological research projects in small-scale water intervention projects in Vietnam, Kenya, and Indonesia. The main purpose of the three projects was to understand the functioning of interventions in their hydrological contexts. Aiming for better decision-making on hydrological research in small-scale water intervention projects, we propose two analysis steps: (1) being prepared for surprises and (2) cost-benefit analysis. By performing the two analyses continuously throughout a small-scale hydrological intervention based project, effective hydrological research can be achieved.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Pramana, Kharis Erasta Reza, and Maurits Willem Ertsen. "Towards systematic planning of small-scale hydrological intervention-based research." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 20, no. 10 (October 10, 2016): 4093–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-4093-2016.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract. Many small-scale water development initiatives are accompanied by hydrological research to study either the form of the intervention or its impacts. Humans influence both the development of intervention and research, and thus one needs to take human agency into account. This paper focuses on the effects of human actions in the development of the intervention and its associated hydrological research, as hydrological research is often designed without adequate consideration of how to account for human agency and that these effects have not yet been discussed explicitly in a systematic way. In this paper, we propose a systematic planning for hydrological research, based on evaluating three hydrological research efforts targeting small-scale water development initiatives in Vietnam, Kenya, and Indonesia. The main purpose of the three cases was to understand the functioning of interventions in their hydrological contexts. Aiming for better decision-making on hydrological research in small-scale water intervention initiatives, we propose two analysis steps, including (1) consideration of possible surprises and possible actions and (2) cost–benefit analysis. By performing the two analyses continuously throughout small-scale hydrological intervention-based initiatives, effective hydrological research can be achieved.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Huang, Joanne, Zahra Kassamali Escobar, Rupali Jain, Jeannie D. Chan, John B. Lynch, Marisa A. D’Angeli, Larissa May, and Chloe Bryson-Cahn. "136. Don’t Sweat the Small Stuff: Solutions for Large-Scale Stewardship Obstacles." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 7, Supplement_1 (October 1, 2020): S79—S80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofaa439.181.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Background In an effort to support stewardship endeavors, the MITIGATE (a Multifaceted Intervention to Improve Prescribing for Acute Respiratory Infection for Adult and Children in Emergency Department and Urgent Care Settings) Toolkit was published in 2018, aiming to reduce unnecessary antibiotics for viral respiratory tract infections (RTIs). At the University of Washington, we have incorporated strategies from this toolkit at our urgent care clinics. This study aims to address solutions to some of the challenges we experienced. Challenges and Solutions Methods This was a retrospective observational study conducted at Valley Medical Center (Sept 2019-Mar 2020) and the University of Washington (Jan 2019-Feb 2020) urgent care clinics. Patients were identified through ICD-10 diagnosis codes included in the MITIGATE toolkit. The primary outcome was identifying challenges and solutions developed during this process. Results We encountered five challenges during our roll-out of MITIGATE. First, using both ICD-9 and ICD-10 codes can lead to inaccurate data collection. Second, technical support for coding a complex data set is essential and should be accounted for prior to beginning stewardship interventions of this scale. Third, unintentional incorrect diagnosis selection was common and may require reeducation of prescribers on proper selection. Fourth, focusing on singular issues rather than multiple outcomes is more feasible and can offer several opportunities for stewardship interventions. Lastly, changing prescribing behavior can cause unintended tension during implementation. Modifying benchmarks measured, allowing for bi-directional feedback, and identifying provider champions can help maintain open communication. Conclusion Resources such as the MITIGATE toolkit are helpful to implement standardized data driven stewardship interventions. We have experienced some challenges including a complex data build, errors with diagnostic coding, providing constructive feedback while maintaining positive stewardship relationships, and choosing feasible outcomes to measure. We present solutions to these challenges with the aim to provide guidance to those who are considering using this toolkit for outpatient stewardship interventions. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Sarpong, Sam. "Sweat and Blood: Deific Interventions in Small-Scale Mining in Ghana." Journal of Asian and African Studies 52, no. 3 (June 8, 2015): 346–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021909615587366.

Full text

Abstract:

Small-scale mining in Ghana has been proclaimed as a net contributor to local economies in many scholarly works. Many writeups have lauded the significant contributions these miners have made or are making in terms of poverty alleviation. Quite significantly too, other commentaries have dwelt on the environmental degradation the miners effect on the communities within which they operate. Such activities have led to the destruction of forest areas, the creation of dangerous pits and diversion of rivers. Besides, the incessant use of mercury in the course of mining has also led to serious consequences for their host communities. This article, however, sets out to explore an aspect of small-scale mining operations which is yet to see much scholarly work, perhaps due to its surreptitious manner. It looks at the rituals that permeate the workings of these miners in order to tilt the tides of fortune in their favour and how such determination is leading them to the cauldron of spiritual elements in order to accomplish their objectives.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Mbatha, Mfaniseni Wiseman, and Mfundo Mandla Masuku. "Small-Scale Agriculture as a Panacea in Enhancing South African Rural Economies." Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies 10, no. 6(J) (December 22, 2018): 33–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jebs.v10i6(j).2591.

Full text

Abstract:

The small-scale agricultural sector is considered as an indispensable role player in improving the South African rural economies by means of enhancing sustainable rural livelihoods. This paper critically assesses the contribution of small-scale agriculture in enhancing the South African rural economies. The South African Government have numerous agricultural interventions as an approach to improving rural livelihoods. Despite various policies and interventions that have been in place to ensure that small-scale agriculture improves rural economies; there is still a dearth of research in understanding small-scale agriculture dynamics that affect rural economies. Some of the essential aspects of the findings reveal that rural communities in South Africa regard small-scale agriculture as a source of income generation and enhancing food security. These findings highlight the negative effects on the South African small-scale agriculture suffering from insufficient productivity, infertility of soil, insufficient water and climate change. The poor access to markets and inadequate financial support services were identified as the major constraints that hinder small-scale agriculture to contribute to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and rural economic development. The small-scale agricultural sector should come up with self-sufficient interventions to avoid dependence on the Government and other stakeholders.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

11

Mbatha, Mfaniseni Wiseman, and Mfundo Mandla Masuku. "Small-Scale Agriculture as a Panacea in Enhancing South African Rural Economies." Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies 10, no. 6 (December 22, 2018): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jebs.v10i6.2591.

Full text

Abstract:

The small-scale agricultural sector is considered as an indispensable role player in improving the South African rural economies by means of enhancing sustainable rural livelihoods. This paper critically assesses the contribution of small-scale agriculture in enhancing the South African rural economies. The South African Government have numerous agricultural interventions as an approach to improving rural livelihoods. Despite various policies and interventions that have been in place to ensure that small-scale agriculture improves rural economies; there is still a dearth of research in understanding small-scale agriculture dynamics that affect rural economies. Some of the essential aspects of the findings reveal that rural communities in South Africa regard small-scale agriculture as a source of income generation and enhancing food security. These findings highlight the negative effects on the South African small-scale agriculture suffering from insufficient productivity, infertility of soil, insufficient water and climate change. The poor access to markets and inadequate financial support services were identified as the major constraints that hinder small-scale agriculture to contribute to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and rural economic development. The small-scale agricultural sector should come up with self-sufficient interventions to avoid dependence on the Government and other stakeholders.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

12

Ryan, Sofia M., Hannah C. Marker, Kimiko Van Wickle, and Peter J. Winch. "A scoping review of interventions targeting small-scale, individual-initiated burning practices." Environmental Research 195 (April 2021): 110794. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2021.110794.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

13

Hurol, Yonca, Hülya Yüceer, and Hacer Başarır. "Ethical Guidelines for Structural Interventions to Small-Scale Historic Stone Masonry Buildings." Science and Engineering Ethics 21, no. 6 (December 19, 2014): 1447–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11948-014-9622-0.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

14

Baltenweck, Isabelle, Debbie Cherney, Alan Duncan, Erin Eldermire, Edda Tandi Lwoga, Ricardo Labarta, Elizaphan James Oburu Rao, Steven Staal, and Nils Teufel. "A scoping review of feed interventions and livelihoods of small-scale livestock keepers." Nature Plants 6, no. 10 (October 2020): 1242–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41477-020-00786-w.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractLivestock support the livelihoods of one billion people in Africa, Asia and Latin America, but the productivity of animals remains low, reducing the potential of the sector to support higher incomes and better nutrition. Improved livestock feeding has been identified as the most important step towards higher productivity. This scoping review assessed the evidence for the uptake of improved ruminant livestock feed options, the effect of this uptake on livestock productivity and the degree to which this improves smallholder farmer livelihoods. In total, 22,981 papers were identified, of which 73 papers were included in the final analysis after a rigorous double-blind screening review. Only papers that reported farmers’ decision to use a new feed intervention were selected, thereby excluding feeding trials and participatory feed assessments. Of the 73 papers, only 6 reported combined evidence of adoption, effect on productivity and livelihood changes. A total of 58 papers looked at adoption, 19 at productivity change and 22 at livelihood change. This scoping review highlights the gap in evidence for the adoption of new livestock feeding practices and provides recommendations to support farmers’ uptake of feed interventions.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

15

Turabian, Jose Luis. "The Concept of Minimalist Interventions in General Medicine: Minimum Means, Maximum Effect." General Medicine and Clinical Practice 2, no. 1 (July 17, 2019): 01–06. http://dx.doi.org/10.31579/2639-4162/018.

Full text

Abstract:

Practical work requires deepening in the theory. In this way, the intention of this article is to systematize the concept of "minimal interventions", as well as draw attention to the impact that this type of interventions of the general practitioner can have on the patient, however small and insignificant, their action may seem. The doctor-patient relationship creates contexts that act, in one way or another, on the patient. There is no absence of medical intervention, even when there is no conscious intervention of the doctor on the patient. Non-intervention is a type of intervention. Non-intervention is a bio-fiction. The different types of doctor-patient relationship give rise, naturally, perhaps imperceptibly, to different models of educational intervention. In this scenario, a conceptualization and systematization of the "micro-interventions" in general medicine is presented: minimal, imperceptible, briefs, low cost, zen, human size, opportunistic, small and mild, but continuous interventions. These micro-interventions are cost-effective no matter how small and insignificant their action seems. These minimal interventions of the general practitioner are of great importance and constitute an updated form of the "less is more" rationalist, they express the power of the minimum gesture in general / family medicine, and can transform health / disease on a large scale. In this way we can hypothesize a plausible relationship between the minimal but concentrated and powerful means, that is to say "contextualized", and the intensity of the effect in general medicine. The clarity of the reading of a message depends on the appreciation of the context; what counts is not what, but how. The context highlights or "pulls" the message. Many small people, in small places, doing small things, can change the world.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

16

Cheng, Sheung-Tak. "Do Caregiver Interventions Improve Outcomes in Relatives With Dementia? A Meta-analysis." Innovation in Aging 5, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2021): 1031. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igab046.3688.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Despite plenty of reviews on the benefits of nonpharmacological interventions for dementia informal caregivers, large-scale review on the effects of these interventions on the care-recipients (CRs) is lacking. We searched PsycINFO, CINAHL with Full Text, MEDLINE, and PubMed from inception to end of 2020 and found 144 articles that reported randomized controlled trials of caregiver interventions using CR outcomes. Interventions were found to reduce neuropsychiatric symptoms and mood disturbance, enhance cognition and quality of life, and delay institutionalization and mortality, with care coordination/case management, educational intervention with psychotherapeutic components, and direct training of the care-recipient (with caregiver involvement) being the more potent interventions. However, the effects were generally small to very small. Together with existing findings on caregiver outcomes, a tripartite scaffolding model of caregiver support is proposed. Future directions in terms of developing consensual guidelines, a registry of intervention manuals, and family-centered programs are discussed.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

17

Mawoli, Mohammed Abubakar, and Ugbedeojo Nelson Peter. "Entrepreneurial motivational factors and operational performance of small-scale industries in Yanya." Journal of Research in Emerging Markets 3, no. 3 (May 26, 2021): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.30585/jrems.v3i3.649.

Full text

Abstract:

To address the growing labour unemployment rate in Nigeria, several hard and soft intervention policies have been put in place by the Nigerian government and supporting partners. Based on the assumption that unemployment, government interventions, and personal ambition can motivate individuals into entrepreneurship, this study examined the effect of entrepreneurial motivational factors on the operational performance of Small Scale Industries (SSIs) located in Yanya, Abuja. Relying on a cross-sectional survey research design, 337 practicing entrepreneurs, random sampling technique and multiple regression analysis, the study found that facilitating and compelling motivational factors are the significant predictors of SSIs’ performance, while ambitious motivational factor is negatively but significantly impactful on SSIs’ performance. It, therefore, suffices to recommend that the Nigerian government and organized private sector should collaborate to increase the stock of hard and soft infrastructure, especially in the industrial estates and business clusters, to enhance entrepreneurship participation and inclusiveness

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

18

Trimble, Phillip R. "The President’s Constitutional Authority to Use Limited Military Force." American Journal of International Law 89, no. 1 (January 1995): 84–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2203897.

Full text

Abstract:

The United States intervention in Haiti concludes another chapter in the development of the constitutional common law of presidential power. The Haiti experience further confirms the constitutional authority of the President to deploy armed forces into hostile foreign environments, and to initiate the use of force without prior, specific congressional authorization. The facts of the situation limit the “precedent” to small-scale interventions where the risk of major military engagements, either initially or upon escalation, is negligible. The cases of largescale hostilities, like Korea, Vietnam and Iraq, are quite different in fact and perhaps also in law. But the Haiti “precedent,” coupled with the recent interventions in Grenada and Panama and innumerable examples earlier in history, strongly supports an unqualified presidential power to carry out small-scale military operations in support of foreign policy goals.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

19

Ricciardi, Vincent, Abdrahmane Wane, Balsher Singh Sidhu, Cecile Godde, Divya Solomon, Ellen McCullough, Florian Diekmann, et al. "A scoping review of research funding for small-scale farmers in water scarce regions." Nature Sustainability 3, no. 10 (October 2020): 836–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41893-020-00623-0.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractWater scarcity is a global issue that disproportionately affects small-scale farmers in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Through geospatial analysis, we estimated that less than 37% of small-scale farms probably have irrigation in water scarce regions across LMICs, compared with 42% of non-small-scale farms. Through a literature synthesis assisted by machine learning, we then systematically mapped the existing research for on-farm interventions that improve the incomes or yields of small-scale farmers in water scarce regions. We mapped over 888 on-farm interventions used to combat water scarcity from 560 publications and showed a research bias towards yields rather than livelihoods. We found gaps in evidence for many commonly proposed solutions, including livestock management, digital technology and solutions to protect natural resources at the farm-level, such as buffer strips. Our findings can be used to set a funding agenda for research on the geographies that are most at risk of water scarcity and the interventions that most lack evidence.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

20

Zhou, Leming, and Bambang Parmanto. "Reaching People With Disabilities in Underserved Areas Through Digital Interventions: Systematic Review." Journal of Medical Internet Research 21, no. 10 (October 25, 2019): e12981. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/12981.

Full text

Abstract:

Background People with disabilities need rehabilitation interventions to improve their physical functioning, mental status, and quality of life. Many rehabilitation interventions can be delivered electronically ("digitally") via telehealth systems. For people with disabilities in underserved areas, electronically delivered rehabilitation interventions may be the only feasible service available for them. Objective The objective of this study was to evaluate the current status of digital interventions for people with disabilities in remote and underserved areas. Methods A systematic review was conducted on this topic. Keyword searches in multiple databases (PubMed, CINAHL, and Inspec) were performed to collect articles published in this field. The obtained articles were selected based on our selection criteria. Of the 198 identified articles, 16 duplicates were removed. After a review of the titles and abstracts of the remaining articles, 165 were determined to be irrelevant to this study and were therefore removed. The full texts of the remaining 17 articles were reviewed, and 6 of these articles were removed as being irrelevant to this study. The 11 articles remaining were discussed and summarized by 2 reviewers. Results These 11 studies cover a few types of disabilities, such as developmental disabilities and mobility impairments as well as several types of disability-causing disorders such as stroke, multiple sclerosis, traumatic brain injury, and facio-scapulo-humeral muscular dystrophy. Most of these studies were small-scale case studies and relatively larger-scale cohort studies; the project evaluation methods were mainly pre-post comparison, questionnaires, and interviews. A few studies also performed objective assessment of functional improvement. The intervention technology was mainly videoconferencing. Moreover, 10 of these studies were for people with disabilities in rural areas and 1 was for people in urban communities. Conclusions A small number of small-scale studies have been conducted on digital interventions for people with disabilities in underserved areas. Although the results reported in these studies were mostly positive, they are not sufficient to prove the effectiveness of telehealth-based digital intervention in improving the situation among people with disabilities because of the small sample sizes and lack of randomized controlled trials.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

21

Muhammad, Kaleem, Sher Khattak Bahadar, and Ali Syed Rashid. "The Role of New Technology Intervention of Crop Maximization Project in Increase in Crop Production of Small Farmers of District Charsadda." Global Social Sciences Review I, no. I (June 30, 2016): 48–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2016(i-i).04.

Full text

Abstract:

This research paper demonstrates the role of new technology intervention of crop maximization project in increasing crop production of small farmers of district Charsadda. The core objective of this study was to know the significance of new technology adoption at small scale agriculture and its effect on productivity enhancement of small farmers of district Charsadda. The research was conducted in two union councils i.e. Rajjar-II and Sarki Tetara of Tehsil and district Charsadda. For data collection Pre-tested interview schedule was used. The data were collected from 150 targeted small farmers which were purposively selected through random sampling method. The findings of the study revealed that new technology intervention of the project converted the small scale subsistence agriculture in commercial one by increasing their crop production. The collected and analyzed data indicates that a major portion (83.3%) of the respondents increased their farm production through the new technology interventions while 16.3% of them got no benefits from the new technology intervention of the project. The findings of the study further demonstrate that there is significant association and direct relation between new technology intervention of the project and the increase in farm production of small farmers.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

22

O'Neill, D. H. "Ergonomics Interventions in Agricultural Development Projects." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 44, no. 22 (July 2000): 620–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193120004402233.

Full text

Abstract:

World population growth is demanding ever-increasing production and productivity in the agricultural industry to meet the world's food needs. Whilst the biological sciences make the major contribution through agronomy, crop protection, harvesting and storage techniques, many of the advances in these spheres of research and development do not meet their full potential because the associated human factors issues are not fully addressed. The ergonomics needs of the three major levels of agricultural enterprise - smallholder (subsistence) agriculture, small-scale commercial farming and large-scale commercial farming - are considered and the nature of appropriate interventions for each of these levels outlined. Examples of potential interventions, based on ergonomics research and development are presented.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

23

Bass, Kristin M., Dina Drits-Esser, and Louisa A. Stark. "A Primer for Developing Measures of Science Content Knowledge for Small-Scale Research and Instructional Use." CBE—Life Sciences Education 15, no. 2 (June 2016): rm2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1187/cbe.15-07-0142.

Full text

Abstract:

The credibility of conclusions made about the effectiveness of educational interventions depends greatly on the quality of the assessments used to measure learning gains. This essay, intended for faculty involved in small-scale projects, courses, or educational research, provides a step-by-step guide to the process of developing, scoring, and validating high-quality content knowledge assessments. We illustrate our discussion with examples from our assessments of high school students’ understanding of concepts in cell biology and epigenetics. Throughout, we emphasize the iterative nature of the development process, the importance of creating instruments aligned to the learning goals of an intervention or curricula, and the importance of collaborating with other content and measurement specialists along the way.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

24

Joshi, Niraj Prakash, and Luni Piya. "Determinants of Small-Scale Commercial Vegetable Farming Among Vegetable Growers in Nepal." SAGE Open 11, no. 2 (April 2021): 215824402110101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/21582440211010168.

Full text

Abstract:

Various socio-economic factors play important roles in the adoption of commercial vegetable farming. Understanding these factors is crucial in enhancing the existing low rate of vegetable commercialization in Nepal, thereby achieving the overall development goal of poverty reduction. This article analyzes the personal, technical, and business factors associated with the adoption using Nepal Vegetable Crops Survey 2009–2010 data. A probit analysis is carried out. Caste/ethnicity is a critical factor hindering the adoption in Nepal. An awareness program to facilitate marketing of vegetables produced by the socially disadvantaged caste/ethnic groups and targeting them in interventions would be helpful in enhancing the rate of vegetable commercialization. Similarly, facilitating access to technical factors, mainly technical assistance, chemical fertilizers, pesticides, and improved seeds, would promote commercial vegetable farming. Such interventions can be introduced in vegetable production potential areas of Hills and Tarai. Land consolidation might not be important. Rather, any program or policies to facilitate secure land-tenure, which encourages farmers to invest in land development, would boost vegetable commercialization. Similarly, identification of vegetable cultivation areas and provision of irrigation in those land parcels would be vital.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

25

Rossi, Mosè, Massimiliano Renzi, David Štefan, and Sebastian Muntean. "Small-Scale Hydropower and Energy Recovery Interventions: Management, Optimization Processes and Hydraulic Machines Applications." Sustainability 14, no. 18 (September 16, 2022): 11645. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su141811645.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

26

Colliver, Jerry A. "Full-curriculum interventions and small-scale studies of transfer: implications for psychology-type theory." Medical Education 38, no. 12 (December 2004): 1212–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2929.2004.02038.x.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

27

Cameron, John, Paul Jagals, Paul R. Hunter, Steve Pedley, and Katherine Pond. "Economic assessments of small-scale drinking-water interventions in pursuit of MDG target 7C." Science of The Total Environment 410-411 (December 2011): 8–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.09.054.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

28

Berends, Koen D., Menno W. Straatsma, Jord J. Warmink, and Suzanne J. M. H. Hulscher. "Uncertainty quantification of flood mitigation predictions and implications for interventions." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 19, no. 8 (August 13, 2019): 1737–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-19-1737-2019.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract. Reduction of water levels during river floods is key in preventing damage and loss of life. Computer models are used to design ways to achieve this and assist in the decision-making process. However, the predictions of computer models are inherently uncertain, and it is currently unknown to what extent that uncertainty affects predictions of the effect of flood mitigation strategies. In this study, we quantify the uncertainty of flood mitigation interventions on the Dutch River Waal, based on 39 different sources of uncertainty and 12 intervention designs. The aim of each intervention is to reduce flood water levels. Our objective is to investigate the uncertainty of model predictions of intervention effect and to explore relationships that may aid in decision-making. We identified the relative uncertainty, defined as the ratio between the confidence interval and the expected effect, as a useful metric to compare uncertainty between different interventions. Using this metric, we show that intervention effect uncertainty behaves like a traditional backwater curve with an approximately constant relative uncertainty value. In general, we observe that uncertainty scales with effect: high flood level decreases have high uncertainty, and, conversely, small effects are accompanied by small uncertainties. However, different interventions with the same expected effect do not necessarily have the same uncertainty. For example, our results show that the large-scale but relatively ineffective intervention of floodplain smoothing by removing vegetation has much higher uncertainty compared to alternative options. Finally, we show how a level of acceptable uncertainty can be defined and how this can affect the design of interventions. In general, we conclude that the uncertainty of model predictions is not large enough to invalidate model-based intervention design, nor small enough to neglect altogether. Instead, uncertainty information is valuable in the selection of alternative interventions.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

29

Koorts, Harriet, Adrian Bauman, Nancy Edwards, William Bellew, Wendy J. Brown, Mitch J. Duncan, David R. Lubans, et al. "Tensions and Paradoxes of Scaling Up: A Critical Reflection on Physical Activity Promotion." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 21 (November 1, 2022): 14284. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192114284.

Full text

Abstract:

Background: Achieving system-level, sustainable ‘scale-up’ of interventions is the epitome of successful translation of evidence-based approaches in population health. In physical activity promotion, few evidence-based interventions reach implementation at scale or become embedded within systems for sustainable health impact. This is despite the vast published literature describing efficacy studies of small-scale physical activity interventions. Research into physical activity scale-up (through case-study analysis; evaluations of scale-up processes in implementation trials; and mapping the processes, strategies, and principles for scale-up) has identified barriers and facilitators to intervention expansion. Many interventions are implemented at scale by governments but have not been evaluated or have unpublished evaluation information. Further, few public health interventions have evaluations that reveal the costs and benefits of scaled-up implementation. This lack of economic information introduces an additional element of risk for decision makers when deciding which physical activity interventions should be supported with scarce funding resources. Decision-makers face many other challenges when scaling interventions which do not relate to formal research trials of scale-up; Methods: To explore these issues, a multidisciplinary two-day workshop involving experts in physical activity scale-up was convened by the University of Newcastle, Australia, and the University of Ottawa, Canada (February 2019); Results: In this paper we discuss some of the scale-up tensions (challenges and conflicts) and paradoxes (things that are contrary to expectations) that emerged from this workshop in the context of the current literature and our own experiences in this field. We frame scale-up tensions according to epistemology, methodology, time, and partnerships; and paradoxes as ‘reach without scale’, ‘planned serendipity’ and ‘simple complexity’. We reflect on the implications of these scale-up tensions and paradoxes, providing considerations for future scale-up research and practice moving forward; Conclusions: In this paper, we delve deeper into stakeholders’ assumptions, processes and expectations of scaling up, and challenge in what ways as stakeholders, we all contribute to desired or undesired outcomes. Through a lens of ‘tensions’ and ‘paradoxes’, we make an original contribution to the scale-up literature that might influence current perspectives of scaling-up, provide future approaches for physical activity promotion, and contribute to understanding of dynamic of research-practice partnerships.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

30

Ganimian, Alejandro J. "Growth-Mindset Interventions at Scale: Experimental Evidence From Argentina." Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis 42, no. 3 (July 20, 2020): 417–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3102/0162373720938041.

Full text

Abstract:

This is one of the first evaluations of a “growth-mindset” intervention at scale in a developing country. I randomly assigned 202 public secondary schools in Salta, Argentina, to a treatment group in which Grade 12 students were asked to read about the malleability of intelligence, write a letter to a classmate, and post their letters in their classroom, or to a control group. The intervention was implemented as intended. Yet, I find no evidence that it affected students’ propensity to find tasks less intimidating, school climate, school performance, achievement, or post-secondary plans. I rule out small effects and find little evidence of heterogeneity. This study suggests that the intervention may be more challenging to replicate and scale than anticipated.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

31

Gu, Jiaqi, Haixiao Liu, and Hong Lu. "Can Even a Small Amount of Greenery Be Helpful in Reducing Stress? A Systematic Review." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 16 (August 9, 2022): 9778. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19169778.

Full text

Abstract:

A positive experience of nature triggers beneficial mental and physical responses. Today, we live in a rapidly urbanizing world where access to nature is often limited. Against this backdrop, this systematic review investigated studies on the effectiveness of small-scale greenery for stress reduction. We searched EMBASE, Cochrane, Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, and Science Direct, searching databases from inception to April 2022. Studies were screened against predetermined criteria, and the risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions for RCTs and The Risk of Bias in Non-Randomized Studies of Interventions (ROBINS-I) tool. Of the 2500 records identified, we screened 1817 citations for eligibility, which included 13 RCT studies and 6 non-RCT studies. The studies were conducted in eight different countries. The study populations included office workers, students, senior citizens, and patients with specific diseases. Research has mainly focused on indoor greening, with relatively little research on small-scale outdoor greening. All included studies assessed the impact of the intervention on various stress reduction-related outcomes, with the most common stress measures being blood pressure and the State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). Various beneficial effects of the interventions on human health were reported in all 19 studies, 15 of which reported positive effects on stress reduction. All included studies were at high risk of bias. It is recommended that future studies in this area take appropriate measures to reduce bias and improve quality in order to build a strong evidence-based medical foundation. According to our findings, even very small-scale greening, including indoor green walls and potted plants, may provide effective help for stress relief. Understanding the physiological and psychological benefits of small-scale greenery can help better provide more opportunities for urban residents to engage with nature in the context of dense urban trends, as well as provide some reference for urban design planning.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

32

Sigua, B. V., V. P. Zemlyanoy, B. P. Filenko, P. A. Kotkov, D. Kh Kalandarova, and A. A. Kozobin. "The Point-Rating Scale for Determining Treatment Tactics in Patients With Adhesive Small Bowel Obstruction." Russian Sklifosovsky Journal "Emergency Medical Care" 10, no. 2 (August 24, 2021): 303–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.23934/2223-9022-2021-10-2-303-308.

Full text

Abstract:

Relevance. The most practiced method of treating patients with acute intestinal obstruction - urgent surgical intervention - does not guarantee remission, contributing to the progression of morphological changes in the abdominal cavity. From this perspective, a shift in emphasis towards the planned surgical treatment of patients with adhesive disease with the use of the existing anti-adhesive methods after conservative resolution of the intestinal passage disorders looks like a promising direction.Aim of the study. Improving the results of patients with acute adhesive intestinal obstruction treatment by developing a point-rating scale that allows to highlight groups of patients who are prone to conservative resolution of intestinal passage disorders episode, and, thereby, reduces the proportion of urgent interventions.Material and methods. The analysis of the 125 patients treatment results (retrospective group) admitted with symptoms of acute adhesive intestinal obstruction was carried out. On this basis, the point-rating scale was developed including a number of factors that have certain value in terms of predicting the probability of conservative therapy success. Subsequently the developed scale was applied in 170 patients (prospective group) as part of treatment tactics implementation aimed at maximally conservative resolution of adhesive intestinal obstruction without negative effect on the immediate results of patients operated in later periods.Results. The developed point-rating scale made it possible to reduce the frequency of urgent interventions among patients with signs of acute adhesive intestinal obstruction (from 79.2% to 57.6%) due to longer conservative measures — 18.1±17.2 and 11,2±8.7 hours in prospective and retrospective groups, respectively). There was no negative impact on the frequency of resection interventions (12.2 and 16.1% in the prospective and retrospective groups) as well as postoperative complications and overall mortality.Conclusions. The developed point-assessment scale made it possible to stratify patients in accordance with the probability of conservative therapy success and to justify its continuation for more than 12 hours in low-risk patients. The obtained results allow us to recommend the proposed scale for use in clinical practice.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

33

Weyori, Alirah Emmanuel, Sabine Liebenehm, and Hermann Waibel. "Returns to livestock disease control – a panel data analysis in Togo." European Review of Agricultural Economics 47, no. 2 (June 18, 2019): 654–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/erae/jbz031.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract This paper investigates whether – and to what extent – a veterinary intervention programme lead to improvements in small-scale cattle farmers’ welfare using a unique panel data set of 443 households from northern Togo. Our results show a positive impact of the interventions on improving farmers’ knowledge and husbandry practices that translates into improved livestock health and productivity. In addition, these positive effects trigger improvements in terms of poverty and vulnerability. The results highlight the important role of targeted interventions that aim to improve livestock health – a key asset among rural households in sub-Saharan Africa.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

34

Baltenweck, Isabelle, Debbie Cherney, Alan Duncan, Erin Eldermire, Edda Tandi Lwoga, Ricardo Labarta, Elizaphan James Oburu Rao, Steven Staal, and Nils Teufel. "Author Correction: A scoping review of feed interventions and livelihoods of small-scale livestock keepers." Nature Plants 6, no. 12 (November 27, 2020): 1505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41477-020-00823-8.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

35

González-Esquivel, Carlos E., Eleonora Camacho-Moreno, Lourdes Larrondo-Posadas, Carlos Sum-Rojas, Willian Erik de León-Cifuentes, Eduardo Vital-Peralta, Marta Astier, and Santiago López-Ridaura. "Sustainability of agroecological interventions in small scale farming systems in the Western Highlands of Guatemala." International Journal of Agricultural Sustainability 18, no. 4 (June 3, 2020): 285–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14735903.2020.1770152.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

36

Beardmore, Amy, Matthew Jones, and Joanne Seal. "Outcome harvesting as a methodology for the retrospective evaluation of small-scale community development interventions." Evaluation and Program Planning 97 (April 2023): 102235. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.evalprogplan.2023.102235.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

37

Al-Ubaydli, Omar, John A. List, and Dana L. Suskind. "What Can We Learn from Experiments? Understanding the Threats to the Scalability of Experimental Results." American Economic Review 107, no. 5 (May 1, 2017): 282–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.p20171115.

Full text

Abstract:

Policymakers often consider interventions at the scale of the population, or some other large scale. One of the sources of information about the potential effects of such interventions is experimental studies conducted at a significantly smaller scale. A common occurrence is for the treatment effects detected in these small-scale studies to diminish substantially in size when applied at the larger scale that is of interest to policymakers. This paper provides an overview of the main reasons for a breakdown in scalability. Understanding the principal mechanisms represents a first step toward formulating countermeasures that promote scalability.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

38

Joyce, K. E., K. E. Smith, C. Sullivan, and C. Bambra. "‘Most of industry's shutting down up here. . .’: Employability Initiatives to Tackle Worklessness in Areas of Low Labour Market Demand." Social Policy and Society 9, no. 3 (June 1, 2010): 337–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1474746410000060.

Full text

Abstract:

Employability initiatives are becoming increasingly popular in government discourse as a means of tackling worklessness. Here we discuss the findings of a small-scale, qualitative study which mapped the impacts of a multi-intervention programme on participants’ health, wellbeing and employability. Each of the 13 interventions was independently appraised through focus groups or semi-structured interviews. Thematic analyses revealed that participants from all interventions reported increased self-confidence, with several individuals suggesting that project involvement had facilitated their movement into the labour market. While the findings illustrate some positive outcomes, we argue that government policy needs to consider more carefully strategies that also address the demand side of the labour market.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

39

Malima, Martin K. "CHALLENGES IN COMBATING CHILD LABOUR IN SMALL-SCALE GOLD MINING COMMUNITIES IN SHINYANGA REGION, TANZANIA." International Journal of Applied Research in Social Sciences 3, no. 2 (June 9, 2021): 12–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.51594/ijarss.v3i2.225.

Full text

Abstract:

Combating child labour in Tanzania is a challenging endeavour especially in small-scale gold mining communities. Studies on child labour in Tanzania indicate that the government in partnership with international actors has undertaken several intervention actions to control and eliminate child labour in the country. Yet, child labour continues to be dominant in virtually all economic sectors including small-scale gold mining for reasons not sufficiently known. This research sets out to explore the challenges that face anti-child labour actors in their efforts to control and reduce child labour in Kahama district in Shinyanga region. The study uses a qualitative methodology in order to gain an in-depth insight of the context, cultural realities, community members’ views and experiences relating to child labour in small-scale gold mining communities. A sample size of 38 participants was drawn from among regional and district government officials, non-governmental organization (NGO) workers and community-based organization (CBO) activists responsible for combating child labour, small-scale gold miners, parents and children in Shinyanga region. Data was collected through in-depth interviews, focus group discussions and documents review. Findings revealed seven challenges facing anti-child labour actors in their efforts to combat child labour in small-scale gold mining communities all arising from within the household, local community and government contexts. The study recommends that the government, policy makers and other stakeholders should develop policy interventions that effectively address these challenges in order to eradicate child labour in small-scale gold mining communities in the country. Keywords: Child Labour, Small-Scale Gold Mining, Anti-Child Labour Actors, Challenges.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

40

Albright, Bonnie, and Yael Pelenur. "Hospital Discharge Interventions: A Cost-Savings Comparison." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2020): 137. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.450.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract For an older patient, transitioning back into the community after an acute health incident is a critical juncture. Avoidable acute-care readmissions are expensive for hospitals and federal programs. Negative health outcomes for patients and negative financial outcomes for hospitals and federal programs have focused attention on effective discharge interventions to improve care transitions and decrease avoidable acute-care readmissions. This study compares cost and readmissions outcomes from peer-reviewed publication data for three discharge interventions: Care Transitions Intervention (CTI), Project RED (ReEngineered Discharge), and the Transitional Care Model (TCM). This study adjusted costs to 2015 rates and compared cost savings per patient, return on investment (ROI) and percent reduction of readmissions. Cost savings per patient (2015-adjusted) were found for all interventions: CTI ($152.89); Project RED ($327.03); TCM ($1565.84). ROI was positive for all interventions: CTI (832%); Project RED (535%); TCM (232%). Compared to control groups, intervention group readmissions were 3.6% lower for CTI (n.s.), 5.5% lower for Project RED (p<.05), and 13.2% lower for TCM (p<.05). These three discharge interventions differ in scale and intensity, but they all show cost savings and reductions in readmissions. The lower-cost intervention shows cost savings and ROI (CTI), and the more resource-intensive interventions (Project RED and TCM) reduce costs and statistically significantly reduce rates of readmission. Even with small budget dollars, hospitals have options for finding an effective discharge intervention to reduce costs and readmission rates.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

41

Banerjee, Subhojit, and Anuj Sharma. "Improving unsustainable livelihood through marketing interventions." Journal of Management Development 33, no. 2 (February 4, 2014): 107–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jmd-11-2013-0148.

Full text

Abstract:

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to describe an initiative to improve the daily earnings of a rickshaw puller by training them to retail branded FMCG products based on a “bulk buying retail selling” model. The paper is based on the findings of a survey conducted 112 rickshaw pullers in a semi-urban district of eastern India. It also dwells on the business of rickshaw pulling and the socio-economic status of the rickshaw puller. Critical issues related to the sustainability and the future of such interventions on a large scale has also been discussed. Design/methodology/approach – An initial survey of 112 rickshaw pullers was done using a structured schedule that captured data related to age, literacy level, earnings per day, ownership and working hours. Some additional aspects related to socio-cultural aspects were also collected as an unstructured interview. A secondary survey from 107 respondents representing different sections of the society who frequently use rickshaw as a means for transport was also done to take an opinion on intervention issues. Findings – Findings of the paper suggest that rickshaw pullers have three distinct strategic advantages of literacy, access and mobility, which makes them a potent resource for marketing intervention. Research limitations/implications – The paper reflects on a systematic intervention plan that can change the socio-economic pattern of rickshaw pulling. A possibility of contributory roles from garage owners and wholesellers is also explored. The proposed scheme may also bail-out the small-scale industries and handicraft businesses in villages. Major limitations of the research are long-term sustainability and large-scale implementation of the proposed model. Practical implications – The paper can act as a manual for small entrepreneurs and NGOs working in the social-development area for implementing schemes targeted at rickshaw pullers. The paper also has valuable points for the consideration of policy makers. Originality/value – The research has given insights in to the livelihood aspect of one of the most essential but neglected modes of transport, i.e. rickshaw pulling. The paper has also identified key strengths that rickshaw pulling has, which otherwise is considered purely physical and low-skilled job.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

42

Leakey, Shannon, Caspar J. M. Hewett, Vassilis Glenis, and Paul F. Quinn. "Modelling the Impact of Leaky Barriers with a 1D Godunov-Type Scheme for the Shallow Water Equations." Water 12, no. 2 (January 30, 2020): 371. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12020371.

Full text

Abstract:

There is increasing interest in distributing small-scale interventions across the landscape as an alternative means of reducing flood risk. One such intervention, the leaky barrier, is introduced in channels to slow down high flows and encourage temporary storage on the floodplain. While these barriers have been implemented widely, there is still resistance to their use at the scales required to impact significantly on flood risk, at least partially due to an evidence gap. In particular, there is no standard method for representing leaky barriers in hydraulic models. This study sets out a methodology for developing mathematical models which capture the hydraulics of leaky barriers accurately, allowing key questions about their combined behaviour in catchments to be answered. A 1D Godunov-type scheme is set up and leaky barriers incorporated with internal boundary conditions. This model is tested against benchmarks from the literature and new steady-state data, and then run predictively on transient cases. The method will help to answer key questions about the optimal leakiness of small-scale interventions, the limits to their usefulness, and how combinations of barriers may or may not cause synchronisation problems when the effect of multiple barriers is aggregated.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

43

Reimer, Nils Karl, Angelika Love, Ralf Wölfer, and Miles Hewstone. "Building Social Cohesion Through Intergroup Contact: Evaluation of a Large-Scale Intervention to Improve Intergroup Relations Among Adolescents." Journal of Youth and Adolescence 50, no. 6 (February 18, 2021): 1049–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10964-021-01400-8.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractPast research has found intergroup contact to be a promising intervention to reduce prejudice and has identified adolescence as the developmental period during which intergroup contact is most effective. Few studies, however, have tested whether contact-based interventions can be scaled up to improve intergroup relations at a large scale. The present research evaluated whether and when the National Citizen Service, a large-scale contact-based intervention reaching one in six 15- to 17-year-olds in England and Northern Ireland, builds social cohesion among adolescents from different ethnic backgrounds. In a diverse sample of adolescents (N = 2099; Mage = 16.37, age range: 15–17 years; 58% female), this study used a pretest–posttest design with a double pretest to assess the intervention’s effectiveness. Controlling for test–retest effects, this study found evidence that the intervention decreased intergroup anxiety and increased outgroup perspective-taking—but not that it affected intergroup attitudes, intergroup trust, or perceptions of relative (dis-)advantage. These (small) effects were greater for adolescents who had experienced less positive contact before participating and who talked more about group differences while participating. These findings suggest that the intervention might not immediately improve intergroup relations—but that it has the potential to prepare adolescents, especially those with less positive contact experiences before the intervention, for more positive intergroup interactions in the future.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

44

Biswas, Rajib, Alok Ghosh Chaudhuri, Atis Kumar Chattopadhyay, and Amalendu Samanta. "Assessment of cardiac strain in small - scale aluminium casting works." International Journal of Occupational Safety and Health 2, no. 2 (July 28, 2012): 8–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijosh.v2i2.6565.

Full text

Abstract:

Background: The occupational health status scenario in unorganised sector is not impressive. There is a lack of awareness on occupational health and safety issues and manual labour is still obligatory. Ergonomic and work physiological studies conducted among different unorganised sector occupations are scanty. Aims and Objective: The present study intended a physiological evaluation of workload in small scale aluminium casting works. In accordance, cardiac strain of the workers is assessed in actual work situation. Methods: Seventeen regular male workers (mean age 32.6 ± 10.9; range 22 – 55) years, were examined for the magnitude of physiological strain. Different tasks performed were identified including work and rest hours. Working heart rate, net cardiac cost, relative cardiac cost and recovery heart rates were determined. Tasks performed were analysed in terms of heaviness, recommended strain level and thermal stress of the workplace. Results: Work study revealed the predominant static nature of the tasks performed. Overall strain of the job appeared to be moderate in nature with mean working heart rate of 99 ± 5.2 beats/min. Recovery patterns were inadequate for majority of the workers. Thermal stress prevailing was more than the recommended level. Conclusion: The subjects were exposed to cumulative circulatory stress which might have deleterious long term effect particularly on older workers. Interventions are required to ameliorate ergonomic stressors, which indicate further scope of study.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijosh.v2i2.6565 International Journal of Occupational Safety and Health, Vol 2. No 2 (2012) 8-13

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

45

Ghaffar, A. "Integrated Approach for Improving Small Scale Market Oriented Dairy Systems in Pakistan: Economic Impact of Interventions." Italian Journal of Animal Science 6, sup2 (January 2007): 1400–1403. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/ijas.2007.s2.1400.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

46

Nourisson, Delphine H., Felicita Scapini, and Ana Milstein. "Small-scale changes of an arthropod beach community after hard-engineering interventions on a Mediterranean beach." Regional Studies in Marine Science 22 (July 2018): 21–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rsma.2018.05.005.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

47

Ebata, Ayako, and Silke Huettel. "The Effect of Value Chain Interventions for Staple Crops: Evidence from Small-Scale Farmers in Nicaragua." Journal of Development Studies 55, no. 4 (December 26, 2017): 581–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00220388.2017.1408794.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

48

Taylor, Heather, Kate Cavanagh, Andy P. Field, and Clara Strauss. "Health Care Workers’ Need for Headspace: Findings From a Multisite Definitive Randomized Controlled Trial of an Unguided Digital Mindfulness-Based Self-help App to Reduce Healthcare Worker Stress." JMIR mHealth and uHealth 10, no. 8 (August 25, 2022): e31744. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/31744.

Full text

Abstract:

Background Health care workers experience high stress. Accessible, affordable, and effective approaches to reducing stress are lacking. In-person mindfulness-based interventions can reduce health care worker stress but are not widely available or accessible to busy health care workers. Unguided, digital, mindfulness-based self-help (MBSH) interventions show promise and can be flexibly engaged with. However, their effectiveness in reducing health care worker stress has not yet been explored in a definitive trial. Objective This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of an unguided digital MBSH app (Headspace) in reducing health care worker stress. Methods This was a definitive superiority randomized controlled trial with 2182 National Health Service staff in England recruited on the web and allocated in a 1:1 ratio to fully automated Headspace (n=1095, 50.18%) or active control (Moodzone; n=1087, 49.82%) for 4.5 months. Outcomes were subscales of the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress (primary outcome) Scale short form; Short Warwick Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale; Maslach Burnout Inventory; 15-item Five-Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire minus Observe items; Self-Compassion Scale–Short Form; Compassionate Love Scale; Penn State Worry Questionnaire; Brooding subscale of the Ruminative Response Scale; and sickness absence. Results Intention-to-treat analyses found that Headspace led to greater reductions in stress over time than Moodzone (b=–0.31, 95% CI –0.47 to –0.14; P<.001), with small effects. Small effects of Headspace versus Moodzone were found for depression (b=–0.24, 95% CI –0.40 to –0.08; P=.003), anxiety (b=–0.19, 95% CI –0.32 to –0.06; P=.004), well-being (b=0.14, 95% CI 0.05-0.23; P=.002), mindfulness (b=0.22, 95% CI 0.09-0.34; P=.001), self-compassion (b=0.48, 95% CI 0.33-0.64; P<.001), compassion for others (b=0.02, 95% CI 0.00-0.04; P=.04), and worry (b=–0.30, 95% CI –0.51 to –0.09; P=.005) but not for burnout (b=–0.19, –0.04, and 0.13, all 95% CIs >0; P=.65, .67, and .35), ruminative brooding (b=–0.06, 95% CI –0.12 to 0.00; P=.06), or sickness absence (γ=0.09, 95% CI –0.18 to 0.34). Per-protocol effects of Headspace (454/1095, 41.46%) versus Moodzone (283/1087, 26.03%) over time were found for stress, self-compassion, and compassion for others but not for the other outcomes. Engagement (practice days per week) and improvements in self-compassion during the initial 1.5-month intervention period mediated pre- to postintervention improvements in stress. Improvements in mindfulness, rumination, and worry did not mediate pre- to postintervention improvements in stress. No serious adverse events were reported. Conclusions An unguided digital MBSH intervention (Headspace) can reduce health care workers’ stress. Effect sizes were small but could have population-level benefits. Unguided digital MBSH interventions can be part of the solution to reducing health care worker stress alongside potentially costlier but potentially more effective in-person mindfulness-based interventions, nonmindfulness courses, and organizational-level interventions. Trial Registration International Standard Randomised Controlled Trial Number ISRCTN15424185; https://tinyurl.com/rv9en5kc

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

49

Edley, Ruth. "Can non-pharmacological interventions improve sleep quality for haemodialysis patients?" Journal of Kidney Care 5, no. 1 (January 2, 2020): 6–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/jokc.2020.5.1.6.

Full text

Abstract:

Poor sleep quality is a major issue for haemodialysis (HD) patients, with as many as 80% reporting problems with sleep. Poor sleep has a negative impact on HD patients' mental health, quality of life and day-to-day functioning, along with increasing morbidity and mortality risks. Non-pharmacological interventions have fewer side-effects compared to hypnotic medications and have been shown to be effective in research studies. Ruth Edley examines acupressure, massage, aerobic and non-aerobic exercise and cognitive behavioural therapy. All have been shown in small-scale studies to improve sleep quality in HD patients, although no intervention has been found to improve sleep quality to normal levels. It is recommended that further research using larger, randomised controlled trials is undertaken to increase confidence in the benefits of these interventions.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

50

Caballeria, Elsa, Clara Oliveras, Laura Nuño, Mercedes Balcells-Oliveró, Antoni Gual, and Hugo López-Pelayo. "A systematic review of treatments for alcohol-related cognitive impairment: lessons from the past and gaps for future interventions." Psychological Medicine 50, no. 13 (August 25, 2020): 2113–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291720002925.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractAlcohol-related cognitive impairment (ARCI) is highly prevalent among patients with alcohol dependence. Although it negatively influences treatment outcome, this condition is underdiagnosed and undertreated. The aim of this systematic review is to investigate the existing evidence regarding both cognitive and pharmacological interventions for ARCI. We systematically reviewed PubMed, Scopus and Science direct databases up to May 2019 and followed the PRISMA guidelines. The quality of the studies was assessed using the Jadad Scale. Twenty-six studies were eligible for inclusion (14 referring to neuropsychological interventions and 12 to pharmacological treatments). Among neuropsychological interventions, computerised treatments, errorless learning and component method showed positive effects on working memory, memory measures and general cognitive function. On the other hand, thiamine, memantine and methylphenidate improved working memory, long-term memory and general cognitive function. Nevertheless, these studies have several limitations, such as small sample size, lack of replication of the results or low specificity of the interventions. Therefore, no gold-standard intervention can yet be recommended for clinical practice, and further research based on promising strategies (e.g. digital interventions, thiamine) is required.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Journal articles on the topic 'Small-scale interventions'

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles