Academic literature on the topic 'Small muscles exercise training'
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Journal articles on the topic "Small muscles exercise training"
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Abe, Takashi, and Jeremy P. Loenneke. "The Influence of Facial Muscle Training on the Facial Soft Tissue Profile: A Brief Review." Cosmetics 6, no. 3 (August 11, 2019): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cosmetics6030050.
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In this review, we summarize recent literature investigating facial-exercise-induced changes in facial soft tissue. A literature search was performed in PubMed for the terms facial exercise, rejuvenation, muscle, skin, and aging. Four studies were identified from the search and were subject to further assessment. Four studies were included in our analysis. Two of the four studies included compared the experimental (training) group to a control group. The other two studies had no control group. The participants were mainly middle-aged women. Training conditions varied; neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) was used in two studies, the other two studies used an oscillatory movement device and voluntary facial isometric exercise. Two studies measured facial muscle size using ultrasonography before and after 12 weeks of NMES or 8 weeks of oscillatory movement of the face. One study assessed the changes in facial skin elasticity in a single group following 8 weeks of facial isometric exercise, while one study measured strength of labial and lingual muscles before and following 4 weeks of NMES. We found two studies that reported facial-exercise-induced increases in facial muscle size in middle-aged women. It was also reported that facial skin function may improve following facial isometric exercise. Future research is needed to clarify how these changes link with facial rejuvenation. Compared to extremity muscles, the facial muscles are small in size, their shapes are complex, and the boundaries with other tissues may be unclear. Future study is also necessary to examine the reliability of measurements of the facial muscles.
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Kojic, Filip, Igor Ranisavljev, Milos Obradovic, Danimir Mandic, Vladan Pelemis, Milos Paloc, and Sasa Duric. "Does Back Squat Exercise Lead to Regional Hypertrophy among Quadriceps Femoris Muscles?" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 23 (December 4, 2022): 16226. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192316226.
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The present study investigated effects of squat resistance training on intermuscular hypertrophy of quadriceps femoris muscles (i.e., rectus femoris, RF; vastus intermedius, VI; vastus medialis, VM; and vastus lateralis, VL). Eighteen university students (age: 24.1 ± 1.7 years, 9 females) underwent 7 weeks of parallel squat training (2 days/week) preceded by a 2-week familiarization period. Squat strength (1RM) and cross-sectional area (CSA) of four quadriceps muscles were assessed at baseline and at the end of the study. At posttest, 1RM and CSA of quadriceps muscles significantly increased (p < 0.01), with moderate-to-large effect (ES = 1.25–2.11) for 1RM (8.33 ± 6.64 kg), VM CSA (0.12 ± 0.08 cm2), and VL CSA (0.19 ± 0.09 cm2) and small effect (ES = 0.89–1.13) for RF CSA (0.17 ± 0.15 cm2) and VI CSA (0.16 ± 0.18 cm2). No significant differences were found in the changes of CSA between muscles (F = 0.638, p = 0.593). However, the squat 1RM gain was significantly associated only with the changes in CSA of the VL muscle (r = 0.717, p < 0.001). The parallel squat resulted in significant growth of all quadriceps muscles. However, the novelty of this study is that the increase in strength is associated only with hypertrophy of the VL muscle.
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Cardoso, Euler Alves, Frederico Ribeiro Neto, Wagner Rodrigues Martins, Martim Bottaro, and Rodrigo Luiz Carregaro. "Neuromuscular efficiency of the knee joint muscles in the early-phase of strength training: effects of antagonist’s muscles pre-activation." Motricidade 14, no. 4 (December 10, 2018): 24–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.6063/motricidade.14094.
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It was our objective tTo compare the neuromuscular efficiency (NME) adaptations between resistance exercise methods (with and without pre-activation of the antagonist’s muscles) after six-weeks training. This randomized controlled trial assigned forty-nine men (mean age 20.9 ± 2.2 years; height 1.80 ± 0.1 m; body mass 75.0 ± 8.2 kg) into two groups: 1) Reciprocal Training group (RT, concentric knee flexion immediately followed by concentric knee extension at 60°.s-1); and Conventional Training (CT, concentric knee extension exercise). Both training adopted three sets, 10 repetitions at 60°.s-1, 2 days/week for 6 weeks. NME of knee extension and flexion were assessed pre and post-training. The groups were similar at baseline, for all variables. We found significant effects on NME only for the rectus femoris muscle in the RT group (ES = 0.31; 95%CI [0.30-0,92]; p<0.01). There were no significant differences at NME pre- and post-training in CT and Total Work did not differ between groups. Reciprocal training provided better neuromuscular efficiency, but effects were limited to the rectus femoris muscle. The small effect sizes suggest caution in the results.
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Durante, Paula E., Kirsty J. Mustard, Soo-Hyun Park, William W. Winder, and D. Grahame Hardie. "Effects of endurance training on activity and expression of AMP-activated protein kinase isoforms in rat muscles." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 283, no. 1 (July 1, 2002): E178—E186. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00404.2001.
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The effects of endurance training on the response of muscle AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) to moderate treadmill exercise were examined. In red quadriceps, there was a large activation of α2-AMPK and inactivation of ACC in response to exercise. This response was greatly reduced after training, probably because of reduced metabolic stress. In white quadriceps, there were no effects of exercise on AMPK or ACC, but α2-activity was higher after training because of increased phosphorylation of Thr172. In soleus, there were small increases in α2-activity during exercise that were not affected by training. The expression of all seven AMPK subunit isoforms was also examined. The β2- and γ2-isoforms were most highly expressed in white quadriceps, and γ3 was expressed in red quadriceps and soleus. There was a threefold increase in expression of γ3 after training in red quadriceps only. Our results suggest that γ3 might have a special role in the adaptation to endurance exercise in muscles utilizing oxidative metabolism.
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Musch, T. I., G. C. Haidet, G. A. Ordway, J. C. Longhurst, and J. H. Mitchell. "Training effects on regional blood flow response to maximal exercise in foxhounds." Journal of Applied Physiology 62, no. 4 (April 1, 1987): 1724–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1987.62.4.1724.
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The effect of training on the regional blood flow response to maximal exercise was investigated in the foxhound. Training consisted of 8–12 wk of treadmill running at 80% of maximal heart rate 1 h/day for 5 days/wk and resulted in a 31% increase in maximal O2 consumption, a 28% increase in maximal cardiac output, and a 23% decrease in systemic vascular resistance during maximal exercise. Blood flow to the heart, diaphragm, brain, skin, and 9 of 10 muscles investigated was similar during maximal exercise pre- and posttraining; however, blood flow to the gastrocnemius muscle was greater posttraining than it was pretraining. Blood flow to the stomach, small intestine, and pancreas decreased during maximal exercise pre- and posttraining; however, blood flow to the large intestine, spleen, liver, adrenal glands, and kidneys decreased during maximal exercise only posttraining. In addition, a larger decrease in blood flow to the stomach during maximal exercise was found posttraining compared with pretraining. These results demonstrate that blood flow to skeletal muscle, the kidneys, and the splanchnic region of the foxhound during maximal exercise can be significantly altered by dynamic exercise training.
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Daw, C. K., J. W. Starnes, and T. P. White. "Muscle atrophy and hypoplasia with aging: impact of training and food restriction." Journal of Applied Physiology 64, no. 6 (June 1, 1988): 2428–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1988.64.6.2428.
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The purpose of this work is to study the influence of aging, training, and food restriction on skeletal muscle mass and fiber number. Male Fischer 344 rats (n = 49) at 3 mo postpartum were assigned to three groups: 1) sedentary control (confined to cage), 2) exercise trained (18 m/min, 8 degrees grade, 20 min/day, 5 days/wk), or 3) food restricted (alternate days of free access and no access to food). At 12 and 27 mo postpartum the soleus and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles were excised, weighed, and fiber number was quantified after HNO3 digestion. At 27 mo the masses of soleus and EDL muscles of sedentary control rats were 83 and 70%, respectively, of 12-mo values (138 +/- 5 and 151 +/- 4 mg). At 27 mo, soleus muscle mass of trained rats was 113% of sedentary control values, whereas EDL muscle mass was unaffected by training. At 27 mo, food restriction had no effect on the mass of both muscles compared with 27-mo sedentary control values. Fiber number was not affected by training or food restriction in both muscles. Fiber number for soleus and EDL muscles of combined groups declined with age by 5.6 and 4.2%, respectively. With aging, the small loss of muscle fibers can account at most for approximately 25% of the observed skeletal muscle atrophy.
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Yamamoto, Masataka, Yusuke Kishishita, Koji Shimatani, and Yuichi Kurita. "Development of New Soft Wearable Balance Exercise Device Using Pneumatic Gel Muscles." Applied Sciences 9, no. 15 (August 1, 2019): 3108. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9153108.
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Decreased ability to control posture is correlated with the risk of falls among older individuals. In particular, reactive postural control ability response to even small perturbations is important for fall prevention of older individuals. The current study sought to design a new wearable assistive device for improving balance function by generating small perturbations using pneumatic gel muscle (PGM). Furthermore, we investigated the effects of using the proposed device for balance training. The proposed wearable balance exercise device utilized PGMs possessing various features, such as a lightweight design and the ability to generate small perturbations with a small power source. We investigated the effects of the device on reactive postural control exercises. Seven healthy participants participated in this study. Three-dimensional acceleration data (Ax, Ay, and Az) were measured from participants during a single leg stance in each session. The peak Ax value generated by perturbations and responses significantly differed from baseline peak acceleration. The peak Ay value caused by perturbations was significantly decreased compared with baseline peak acceleration. In addition, the root mean square Ax value of the post-test significantly decreased compared with the pre-test value. Our results revealed that the proposed wearable balance exercise device was able to create small perturbations for assessing reactive postural balance control. Furthermore, the device was able to improve users’ stability.
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Leśniewicz, Joanna, Łukasz Banasiak, Marcin Ferdynus, and Danuta Wojterzak. "Women and strength training." Aesthetic Cosmetology and Medicine 10, no. 3 (June 2021): 167–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.52336/acm.2021.10.3.10.
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Strength training does not constitute women’s favourite physical activity. It is demonstrated in the survey conducted by Budzyńska at the University of Szczecin in 2013 among students of the Pedagogical Faculty. Only 1% of the surveyed students showed interest in strength training. The vision of a bodybuilding silhouette discourages women from taking up strength training. It is displayed in the survey conducted by Zaustowska in 2001 among junior high school students. Out of 78 respondents, 71 stated that they did not like the muscular figure. These fears are unfounded since a woman’s body is not disposed to achieve a bodybuilding figure. It depends on the structural, morphological and biochemical properties of one’s body. Some women who practice bodybuilding rely on strength training additionally supporting the growth of muscle mass with nutrients. This paper presents the advantages of applying strength training in everyday physical activity. These include fat reduction and a slim figure. Furthermore, the result of strength training is a relative increase in muscle mass and strength development. Another benefit of this form of activity is the strengthening of the structures which stabilize joints and bones thus reducing the risk of injury. The duration of static exercise depends on the applied load. Due to the short duration of static effort and relatively high strength commitment, energy for working muscles comes from anaerobic changes. ATP, phosphocreatine and a small amount of glycogen which are hydrolyzed. During the static exercise blood pressure and heart rate are increased. These changes are dependent on the size of the strength developed to oppose resistance. A heavy load used during the static exercise often causes reflex respiratory arrest, a dangerous phenomenon resulting in fainting during the exercise.
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Sullivan, V. K., S. K. Powers, D. S. Criswell, N. Tumer, J. S. Larochelle, and D. Lowenthal. "Myosin heavy chain composition in young and old rat skeletal muscle: effects of endurance exercise." Journal of Applied Physiology 78, no. 6 (June 1, 1995): 2115–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1995.78.6.2115.
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The objective of this study was to determine the effects of age and exercise on the myosin heavy chain (MHC) composition of skeletal muscle. Young (3 mo) and old (22 mo) female specific pathogen-free barrier-reared Fischer 344 rats were randomly assigned to young untrained or young trained and old untrained or old trained groups, respectively. Young trained and old trained animals performed endurance exercise training on a motorized treadmill for 8 wk. Succinate dehydrogenase activity and MHC isoforms were measured in the plantaris (Plan), lateral and medial gastrocnemius (Gast), and soleus (Sol) muscles. In sedentary animals, aging resulted in a decrease (P < 0.05) in type IIb MHC and an increase (P < 0.05) in type IIa MHC in both the Gast and Plan muscles. Also, aging resulted in a small but significant increase (approximately 4%; P < 0.05) in type I MHC in the Sol. Exercise training resulted in significant (P < 0.05) increases in Gast, Plan, and Sol succinate dehydrogenase activity in both young and old animals. Furthermore, exercise training resulted in a decrease (P < 0.05) in the percentage of type IIb MHC and an increase (P < 0.05) in the percentage of type IIa MHC in the Plan in both young and old animals. These data suggest that there is an age-related shift in locomotor muscle MHC isoforms from a faster to a slower isoform.
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Lash, J. M., and H. G. Bohlen. "Functional adaptations of rat skeletal muscle arterioles to aerobic exercise training." Journal of Applied Physiology 72, no. 6 (June 1, 1992): 2052–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1992.72.6.2052.
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This study tested the hypothesis that both structural and functional adaptations of arterioles occur within the skeletal muscle of rats aerobically trained for 8–10 wk with treadmill exercise. The training regimen used has been shown to elicit a 37% increase in plantaris citrate synthase activity but did not result in an elevation in citrate synthase activity in the spinotrapezius or gracilis muscles of rats used in this study. In the in vivo resting spinotrapezius muscle, arteriole diameters were similar in sedentary (SED) and trained (TR) rats. However, large- (1A) and intermediate- (2A) sized arterioles dilated proportionately more in TR than in SED rats during 1- to 8-Hz muscle contractions, even though the passive mechanical properties (circumference-passive wall tension relationships) were similar between groups. Vascular casts demonstrated a trend for an increase in the number of small (3A) arterioles and an approximately 20% increase in the passive diameter of 1A and 2A arterioles in the spinotrapezius muscle of TR rats. In contrast, in the gracilis muscle, arteriole diameters and density were identical in SED and TR rats, but the capillary-to-muscle fiber ratio was approximately 15% higher in TR rats. The results suggest that aerobic exercise training can greatly increase functional vasodilation and induce a slight increase in vascular density in skeletal muscle tissues, even if the oxidative capacity of these tissues is not increased by the training regimen.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Small muscles exercise training"
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BISCONTI, ANGELA VALENTINA. "EVIDENCE OF VASCULAR FUNCTION PLASTICITY INDUCED BY SMALL MUSCLE TRAINING." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/637960.
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According to the American Heart Association and the World Health Organization, cardiovascular disease is the primary cause of death. Interestingly, the female incidence of mortality due to cardiovascular events has clearly exceeded that of male since 1984. Physical exercise is the most important non-pharmacological treatment leading to several cardiovascular protective effects via a direct impact on the vasculature and on the autonomic response. In the modern society, not everyone could practice physical activity on a daily basis, because of several limitations or more simply, particular diseases in which the traditional physical exercise approach results unfeasible.
Exercise-related improvements in vascular functionality are primarily attributed as shear stress- dependent mechanism.Respiratory muscles being part of the musculoskeletal system can be trained. Because of this, it is possible that respiratory muscle training (RMT) could be used as an alternative exercise paradigm causing alteration in the peripheral hemodynamic, including no exercising areas, to improve vascular health. Previous evidences proved that RMT has a primary positive effect in static and dynamic lung volumes, together with maximal inspiratory pressure, and a secondary important effect in increase cardiac vagal tone, lastly affecting the autonomic nervous system balance. To date, the effects of RMT on the overall vasomotor response (a well-recognized marker of cardiovascular health) has not been investigated yet.
Another small muscle exercise modality is the dynamic knee extension. The ability of the vessels to alter their diameter (i.e. vasodilation or vasoconstriction) to maintain the homeostasis of the vascular tone, ensuring that the blood flow matches the demand of the skeletal muscles and other organs, both at rest and during exercise is defined vasomotor response. Extrinsic factor, such as the autonomic control of the sympathetic neural drive (global control), and intrinsic factor such as the capacity of the endothelial cells to respond to mechanical stress by releasing vasoactive molecules (i.e. nitric oxide, NO) together with other possible factors, such as pH and temperature, interact to determines the prevalence of a vasoconstriction or vasodilator effect on the arterial wall.
Thus, the aim of this dissertation was to evaluate the effects of two different types of small muscle exercise training on the peripheral vasomotor response in young healthy people. Two studies were developed in which the purposes were:
1) to evaluate the effects of eight weeks of RMT on both central (i.e. the balance between the sympathetic and parasympathetic neural system assessed by heart rate variability) and peripheral (i.e. the ability of the endothelium to release NO causing vasodilatation assessed by Flow Mediated Dilatation(FMD) components of vasomotor response, in young healthy females;
2) to evaluate the effects of single-leg knee extension training (KE) on vasomotor response in the lower limb directly involved with exercise (i.e. femoral artery) and on the upper limb, not involved with KE (i.e. brachial artery).
We hypothesized that (i) RMT could improve FMD in the brachial artery (beneficial effect on peripheral control due to systemic factors influenced by exercise training) via a reduction in sympathetic drive (central control), and that (ii) KE could raise the peripheral blood flow also in limb non-directly involved in the exercise leading to positive effects in both exercised and not exercised limbs. The positive effects observed in the present dissertation, in terms of increase in vascular function parameters, after KE training and RMT, may suggest that also small muscle exercises are able to raise peripheral BF in both involved and non-involved exercising area. However, positive adaptation in the peripheral component of the vasomotor response could be detected after training only when the peripheral blood flow stimulus was strong enough to trigger a series of positive adaptation on the vessels.
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Johnson, Michael A. "The respiratory muscles : responses to training and heavy endurance exercise." Thesis, Nottingham Trent University, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.431898.
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Houchen-Wolloff, L. "The effects of resistance training and protein ingestion on skeletal muscle function in COPD." Thesis, Coventry University, 2012. http://curve.coventry.ac.uk/open/items/da5f48f3-46b3-4a1f-9ac7-f9c8e868a1ab/1.
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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a complex disease, characterised by progressive airflow obstruction and is a major cause of morbidity, mortality and healthcare usage in the UK. Quadriceps muscle dysfunction is a key cause of exercise intolerance in patients with COPD, manifested by reduced muscle mass and strength. This problem also imposes a burden to the health system as quadriceps dysfunction is an independent predictor of hospitalisation and mortality. Importantly, the quadriceps may provide a target for therapy in an otherwise irreversible lung disease and changes in strength after resistance training (RT) are well documented. Protein supplementation has been successfully used as an adjunct to RT in healthy populations. However the role of this therapeutic combination has not before been studied in a COPD population. Methods: This thesis describes a randomised controlled trial (RCT) which aims to explore the role of protein supplementation given immediately after RT, upon functional outcomes, in patients with COPD. The hypothesis was that RT, in combination with protein ingestion (at the time of training) will have greater effects on functional outcomes than RT alone (chapter 4). Secondary aims were to precisely explore the training intensity progression, fatigue profile (chapter 5) and cardiorespiratory load imposed by the RT (chapter 6) and to examine the measurement properties of the ActiTrac® physical activity (PA) monitors (chapter 7). In all chapters the response to the intervention in patients with COPD, is compared to healthy, age-matched controls. 5 Results: The overriding message from this thesis is that protein supplementation can not be routinely recommended as an adjunct to RT for patients with COPD. All groups made significant improvements in quadriceps strength and thigh mass after RT but protein did not augment the outcome. Subjects with evidence of muscle wastage (based on fat-free mass criteria) responded less well to RT, although the study was underpowered to draw meaningful conclusions in this group. Subjects with COPD made comparable improvements to healthy age-matched controls, despite training at much lower intensities and experiencing greater decay in muscle force during a training session. Moreover, the RT programme was able to sufficiently activate the cardio-pulmonary system and led to significant improvements in wholebody exercise performance. PA did not change after the 8-week RT programme; suggesting that changes after RT are not routinely translated to increased habitual activity, particularly when the educational component of rehabilitation is missing. Conclusions: The RT programme utilised in this thesis was able to significantly improve both strength and endurance-related outcomes in patients with COPD. However, the provision of additional protein at the time of training did not enhance the benefits. The isokinetic RT programme provided a unique opportunity to precisely explore the training intensity progression, fatigue profile and cardiorespiratory load imposed by the training; comparing patients with COPD and healthy controls. The findings from this work provide some important considerations for clinical practice and require further investigation within a conventional rehabilitation setting.
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Kim, Jeong-su. "Influence of exercise training on oxidative capacity and ultrastructural damage in skeletal muscles of aged horses." Connect to this title online, 2002. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1035562999.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2002.Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains x, 95 p.; also includes graphics Includes bibliographical references (p. 79-87). Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center.
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Creer, Andrew R. "Influence of pre exercise muscle glycogen levels on mitogenic responses to resistance training." Virtual Press, 2004. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1285085.
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Kim, Jeong-su. "Influence of Exercise Training on Oxidative Capacity and Utrastructural Damage in Skeletal Muscles of Aged Horses." The Ohio State University, 2002. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1035562999.
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Raue, Ulrika. "Effects of concentric vs eccentric resistance training on skeletal muscle adaptations in humans." Virtual Press, 2001. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1221284.
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The Beothuk Indians were an extinct group of Amerinds who were among the earliest founders of Newfoundland. In literature, the Beothuk were described as perhaps being phenotypically more similar to Europeans than Asians (Gatschet 1890, Lloyd 1875, 1876a, Marshall 1996). In this research, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) analysis was performed on a Beothuk individual in order to determine his haplotype and, perhaps, shed light on the origins of the Beothuk.For this analysis, a tooth of Nonosabasut, a Beothuk chief who died in 1819 was loaned from the Royal Museum of Scotland. Ancient DNA was extracted from 172 mg of dentin from the tooth. The DNA was cut with two blunt-end restriction enzymes, RsaI and HaeIII. Double-stranded DNA adapters were ligated to the blunt ends. A single adapter was used to amplify the resulting fragments using PCR. In this manner, two libraries of the DNA were created that could be readily reamplified using a small amount of the PCR product. mtDNA type was determined by amplifying specific regions and performing Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism analysis and sequencing. It was determined that the Beothuk individual had a 9-bp deletion at nucleotide position (np) 8272, an Alul restriction site at np 5176, and heteroplasmy for a HincII restriction site at np 13,259, indicating that the Beothuk individual falls into the Native American Haplogroup B. Haplogroup B is not present in modern Siberian populations, whereas the remaining Native American mtDNA haplogroups are. It has been hypothesized that Haplogroup B arrived in the Americas at a different time than haplogroups A, C, D, and X, about 16,000-13,000 YBP (Years Before Present) (Starikovskaya et al. 1998). Haplogroup B can be found in some modern Taiwanese, Japanese, Korean, Evenk, and other Asian populations.Sequencing of the D-Loop region revealed a G to A transition at np 16303. To our knowledge, this transition was never previously reported in a Native American. This transition has been reported in Tibetans, Koreans, Hans, and Japanese, all considered to be southeast Asian Causacoids (Torroni et al. 1993b, 1994b). This transition, also frequently described in the Caucasian Haplogroup H, is especially prevalent in Spain and among the Basque. It is described as a root haplotype of Haplogroup H whose expansion was estimated to be between 12,300-13,200 YBP (Torroni et al. 1998). This time estimate coincides with the expansion of Haplogroup B. One possible explanation for this transition may be some admixture of the Beothuk with a Caucasian population.School of Physical Education
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Moustafa, Moustafa Bayoumi. "Molecular adaptations of cardiac and skeletal muscles to endurance training in a canine model of sudden death." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1133375886.
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Conley, Travis B. "The influence of training status on ERK and AKT phosphorylation in human skeletal muscle." Virtual Press, 2005. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1319219.
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Exercise induces morphological and metabolic adaptations that are highly specific to the mode of exercise training. These specific phenotypical changes are due to an equally specific molecular response that may depend on the activation and coordination intramuscular signaling pathways. Just as metabolic and morphological changes are influenced by the mode of exercise training, the signaling pathways that mediate exercise adaptation may also be directly related to the training status of skeletal muscle. For example, pre-conditioned skeletal muscle may exhibit a specific intracellular signaling response to an acute bout of exercise that is dependent on past training history. Both Akt (protein kinase B) and extra-cellular signal-related kinase (ERK 1 /2) have been shown to be phosphorylated in response to an acute bout of resistance exercise in human skeletal muscle and have been suggested to mediate the adaptive response to exercise. The purpose of this investigation was to examine the response of Akt and ERKI/2 to an acute bout of resistance exercise in three groups with distinctly different exercise training backgrounds. Twenty one subjects performed 3 sets of 10 repetitions of knee extension exercise at 70% 1-RM. The subjects consisted of a resistance-trained group (RE) (n=7), endurance trained group (END) (n=7) and a sedentary group (SED) (n=7). Muscle biopsies were taken from the vastus lateralis muscle before, immediately after, and 10 min post-exercise and were analyzed for phosphorylation of Akt and ERK1/2. ERK1/2 phosphorylation increased 47%, and 54% from pre-exercise to immediately post-exercise in the SED and RE groups respectively (p < 0.05). ERK1/2 phosphorylation increased 95%, 196%, and 47% from pre-exercise to 10 min post-exercise in the SED, RE, and END groups, respectively. (p < 0.05). The magnitude of ERK1/2 phosphorylation 10 min post-exercise was different between each group and may be linked to the group's training status. (p < 0.05) Akt phosphorylation decreased 42% and 37% from pre-exercise to immediately post-exercise in the SED and END group, respectively (p < 0.05). There was a 40 % increase in Akt phosphorylation from immediate post-exercise to 10 min post-exercise in the END group. In conclusion, training status appears to influence the magnitude and time course of activation of both Akt and ERK1/2 in response to an acute bout of resistance exercise. The immediate response of both ERK1/2 and Akt may play a key role in the adaptive response of skeletal muscle ultimately resulting in metabolic and morphological changes that are dependent on the past training history of the individual.School of Physical Education, Sport, and Exercise Science
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Madon, Mohd Sani. "Preparatory strategies for optimising an all-out sprint effort." University of Western Australia. School of Human Movement and Exercise Science, 2007. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2007.0109.
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[Truncated abstract] The inclusion of a warm-up in the form of prior exercise (PE) is generally advocated as a preparatory strategy of choice to improve sprint performance. Although there is evidence that both increasing muscle temperature and mobilising the cardiorespiratory system prior to exercise contribute largely to the benefit of PE on sprint performance, their relative importance is unknown. Another important question relates to situations where an athlete has to engage in a sprint shortly after one or several earlier sprints. Under these conditions, is engaging in mild exercise also the most effective preparatory strategy to adopt prior to sprinting when performed after a previous sprint(s)? It was the primary aim of this thesis to address these questions. Firstly, we hypothesised that there is a temporal shift in the mechanisms responsible for the effect of PE on power output during a maximal sprint effort, with temperature-dependent mechanisms playing a more important role at the onset of the sprint and mobilisation of the cardiorespiratory system playing a more important role later. To test this hypothesis, we compared the responses of a 30-s sprint to different PE protocols designed to control for either muscle temperature or pre-exercise VO2. ... A group of trained athletes was subjected to four consecutive bouts of 30-s sprint, each separated by 20 min of either active recovery at 40% VO2 peak or passive recovery. Our results show that PP, MP-20 and MP-10 did not fall between the first and last sprints, and were not affected by active recovery. In contrast, we found that MP10 and MP30 decrease significantly between the first and last sprint of the passive recovery trial, but not when active recovery is performed between consecutive sprints. Finally, this study also showed that the fall in mean power associated with repeated 30-s sprints in the passive recovery trial resulted primarily from a fall in early, but not late power output. These findings show that the early and late mean power output of repeated sprints respond differently to active and passive recovery, with the decrease in total mean power with repeated 30-s sprints resulting primarily from a fall in early as opposed to either late power output or peak power, thus highlighting the benefit of active recovery as a favourable preparatory strategy for the performance of repeated sprints of short (<10s) or longer duration (<30s), but not for repeated peak power.
Books on the topic "Small muscles exercise training"
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Sharpe, Graham Richard. The inspiratory muscles: Physiological responses to exercise, loading and training. Birmingham: University of Birmingham, 1999.
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Michael, Gundill, ed. Delavier's core training anatomy. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics, 2011.
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Men's health power training: Build bigger, stronger muscles through performance-based conditioning. [Emmaus, Pa.]: Rodale, 2009.
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P, Marconnet, and Komi Paavo V, eds. Muscular function in exercise and training. Basel: Karger, 1987.
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Advanced neuromuscular exercise physiology. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics, 2011.
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Brumitt, Jason. Core assessment and training. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics, 2010.
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Jason, Brumitt, and Human Kinetics (Organization), eds. Core assessment and training. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics, 2010.
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(Organization), Human Kinetics, ed. Core assessment and training. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics, 2010.
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Sapienza, Christine M. Here's how to do respiratory muscle strength training: Theory and practice. San Diego: Plural Pub., 2011.
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1963-, Aaberg Everett, ed. Muscle mechanics. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics, 1998.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Small muscles exercise training"
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Segizbaeva, M. O., N. N. Timofeev, Zh A. Donina, E. N. Kur’yanovich, and N. P. Aleksandrova. "Effects of Inspiratory Muscle Training on Resistance to Fatigue of Respiratory Muscles During Exhaustive Exercise." In Body Metabolism and Exercise, 35–43. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/5584_2014_20.
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Azam, Zulkhairi, Sufyan Zaki, Hanifa Sariman, Wan Norsyam, Nurul Nadiah Shahudin, and Muhammad Noor. "Effects of Periodized Small-Sided Training on Physical Fitness Performance Among Young Male Football Players." In Proceedings of the 2nd International Colloquium on Sports Science, Exercise, Engineering and Technology 2015 (ICoSSEET 2015), 79–88. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-287-691-1_8.
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Permatasari Tarigan, Amira, and Fannie Rizki Ananda. "Exercise Training and Pulmonary Rehabilitation in COPD." In Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease - A Current Conspectus. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.97704.
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Systemic inflammation and deconditioning syndrome lead to loss of structural and function of body muscle, particularly in extremity muscle. Longer period of inactivity due to dyspnea worsen the destruction of muscle. Regular and gradually increase exercise training as part of pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) can improve the function of essential muscles in doing daily life so stable Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) patient can maintenance their daily activities with minimal limitations. Pulmonary rehabilitation consists of exercise training, nutritional support, smoking cessation, and self-management of COPD. The prescription of exercise training is mandatory. Assessment of clinical condition to adjust the type of training, duration, frequency, and intensity of training must be completed before beginning the training session. Regular and gradually increased training gives significant impact in improving lung function, dyspnea scale, and quality of life in patient with stable COPD. However, in this covid era, the restriction of hospital attending PR was significantly affect PR program. As immunocompromised population, COPD patient have higher risk for COVID19 infection and develops more severe complications compare with normal population. So, the modified supervised and unsupervised training was needed to revise the classic type of PR. Tele-rehabilitation with teleconference, phone calls, and interactive web based PR can be the good alternative in decreasing hospital admission and improving quality of life in patient with COPD.
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Stubbs, Brianna J., and Peter Hespel. "Intermittent Exogenous Ketosis for Athletic Performance, Recovery, and Adaptation." In Ketogenic Diet and Metabolic Therapies, edited by Susan A. Masino, Detlev Boison, Dominic P. D’Agostino, Eric H. Kossoff, and Jong M. Rho, 518–40. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780197501207.003.0040.
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Sports nutrition science seeks to determine optimal dietary protocols for athletes pushing the limits of human physiology in power, endurance, and skill. Traditionally, dietary interventions aimed to stimulate performance have focused on strategic intake of carbohydrates, protein, and fat. However, recent development of oral ketone supplements has increased the popularity of intermitted exogenous ketosis (IEK) as a potential nutritional strategy to stimulate training adaptation and performance in athletes. Several physiologic mechanisms are implicated in acute modulation of exercise performance by IEK. These include use of ketone bodies as an alternative substrate for oxidative ATP production in contracting muscles and ketone-mediated inhibition of glycolytic flux. The latter could lead to glycogen sparing, which may increase endurance; on the other hand, glycolytic inhibition in conjunction with ketoacidosis could be ergolytic in short maximal exercise bouts. Furthermore, preliminary evidence suggests that acute and chronic post-exercise ketosis may stimulate recovery from training. Acute IEK could stimulate muscle protein synthesis and glycogen repletion, and chronic ketone ester intake blunted overreaching symptoms during short-term endurance training overload. This protection could be attributed to improved autonomic neural balance, appetite and stress hormone regulation, and possibly attenuation of exercise-induced inflammation and oxidative stress. Such effects could conceivably either down- or upregulate training adaptation. However, research to date describing both acute and chronic exogenous ketosis in exercise and training is limited and inconclusive. Further studies are required to elucidate the specific contexts and mechanisms whereby IEK could maximally benefit athletes.
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E. Teixeira, José, Pedro Forte, Ricardo Ferraz, Luís Branquinho, António J. Silva, Tiago M. Barbosa, and António M. Monteiro. "Methodological Procedures for Non-Linear Analyses of Physiological and Behavioural Data in Football." In Exercise Physiology [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.102577.
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Complex and dynamic systems are characterised by emergent behaviour, self-similarity, self-organisation and a chaotic component. In team sports as football, complexity and non-linear dynamics includes understanding the mechanisms underlying human movement and collective behaviour. Linear systems approaches in this kind of sports may limit performance understanding due to the fact that small changes in the inputs may not represent proportional and quantifiable changes in the output. Thus, non-linear approaches have been applied to assess training and match outcomes in football. The increasing access to wearable and tracking technology provides large datasets, enabling the analyses of time-series related to different performance indicators such as physiological and positional parameters. However, it is important to frame the theoretical concepts, mathematical models and procedures to determine metrics with physiological and behavioural significance. Additionally, physiological and behavioural data should be considered to determine the complexity and non-linearity of the system in football. Thus, the current chapter summarises the main methodological procedures to extract positional data using non-linear analyses such as entropy scales, relative phase transforms, non-linear indexes, cross correlation, fractals and clustering methods.
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O’Connor, Patrick J., and Carly L. A. Wender. "Physical Activity, Sleep, and Sleep Disorders." In Integrative Sleep Medicine, edited by Valerie Cacho and Esther Lum, 127–48. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190885403.003.0009.
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Science-based knowledge about the influence of physical activity on sleep has grown during the past 5 years. The available evidence reviewed in this chapter shows that clinicians can safely recommend the adoption and maintenance of regular physical activity as an adjunctive therapy for patients with insomnia and obstructive sleep apnea. Specific conclusions are that healthy people who engage in a single bout of physical activity show small sleep benefits compared to a day in which no physical activity was performed; healthy sedentary people who adopt a program of regular physical activity show improvements in sleep after exercise training, especially in perceived sleep quality; (physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness are associated with reduced sleep complaints and a small number of randomized trials with insomnia patients supports that regular physical activity can improve their sleep; regular physical activity reduces the severity of obstructive sleep apnea and improves daytime sleepiness in these patients; exercise reduces symptoms of restless legs syndrome in patients with kidney disease but the evidence is uncertain whether physical activity improves restless legs syndrome in other patient groups; physical activity has the potential to treat circadian rhythm sleep–wake disorders because a single bout of appropriately timed exercise can cause circadian phase shifts and it is uncertain if physical activity impacts the sleep of patients with narcolepsy or parasomnias.
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Piepoli, Massimo F., and Andrew L. Clark. "Cardiac rehabilitation and chronic heart failure." In Oxford Textbook of Heart Failure, edited by Andrew L. Clark, Roy S. Gardner, and Theresa A. McDonagh, 695–706. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198766223.003.0057.
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This chapter reviews the use of a multifactorial cardiac rehabilitation approach for patients with established chronic heart failure (CHF). Cardiac rehabilitation is the ideal comprehensive structured disease intervention since it best addresses the complex interplay of medical, psychological, and behavioural factors facing patients with CHF. It is a coordinated multidimensional intervention designed to stabilize or slow disease progression, alleviate symptoms, improve exercise tolerance, and enhance quality of life, thereby reducing morbidity and mortality. In populations of patients with CHF, such a programme has been shown to improve functional capacity, recovery, and emotional well-being and to reduce hospital admission. Exercise training as a key component in a cardiac rehabilitation programme may improve survival and reduce hospitalization in stable heart failure patients. However, despite the virtues of cardiac rehabilitation, only a small percentage of eligible heart failure patients ever get referred, due to barriers such as lack of physician and patient-family awareness of its benefits, and logistical or financial constraints.
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Savill, Mark. "Psychosocial/non-pharmacologic treatment of negative symptoms." In Managing Negative Symptoms of Schizophrenia, 87–106. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198840121.003.0006.
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Current best practice regarding the treatment of negative symptoms of schizophrenia supports the use of psychological interventions in addition to medication. This chapter reviews the literature evaluating different non-pharmacological approaches to treating these symptoms. Meta-analytic studies suggest that social skills training, music therapy, non-invasive brain stimulation, mindfulness, and exercise-based interventions are all effective at improving negative symptoms, relative to treatment as usual (TAU). Effect sizes for these interventions range from small to moderate. The long-term benefits of these interventions are currently unclear, and there has been some debate as to whether the impact of these interventions constitute consistent, clinically meaningful change. Evidence for other therapies such as arts therapies other than music therapy, cognitive behavioural therapies for psychosis, neurocognitive therapies, and family-based interventions is more inconsistent. As a result, primary negative symptoms of schizophrenia can still be considered an important unmet therapeutic need where more research is needed.
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Brown, Candy Gunther. "Science." In Debating Yoga and Mindfulness in Public Schools, 257–69. University of North Carolina Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469648484.003.0013.
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Chapter 12 contextualizes scientific claims about health benefits and considers evidence of adverse effects. The chapter argues that scientific support for school-based yoga, mindfulness, and meditation is weaker than often claimed and falls short of demonstrating that programs are secular, safe, or superior to alternatives. Low-quality studies report health benefits, using uncontrolled, pre-post designs, or nonactive controls, with small sample sizes, and high risk of bias, including expectation bias, researcher allegiance, publication bias, and citation bias; higher quality studies show less efficacy. Scientific evidence is not equivalent to evidence of secularity; research studies report that meditation in religious contexts, as well as prayer and Bible reading, can benefit health and activate specific brain regions. Some participants report challenging experiences with meditative practices, including anxiety, depression, physical pain, reexperiencing of traumatic memories, anger, and suicidality. Meditative practices may be contraindicated for participants with a history of trauma, PTSD, addiction, psychosis, anxiety, depression, or suicidality. Research shows that alternatives, such as aerobic exercise, math, music, nutritious food, or different behavioral therapies, can produce comparable benefits, including training the brain through neuroplasticity. Yet marketers rarely disclose risks of adverse effects, screen for contraindications, or provide information about alternatives.
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Christensen, Thomas. "Music Theory in the Nineteenth Century." In Between Chopin and Tellefsen. European Music Treatises Universality and National Identity. Narodowy Instytut Fryderyka Chopina, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.56693/mt.2022.01.02.
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The nineteenth century was a burgeoning time for music theory in the West. One need only peruse a bibliography of musical writings concerning music theory and pedagogy to see that the quantity and variety of works multiplied exponentially when compared to the previous century.1 The nature of these writings varied and crossed a number of disciplinary boundaries, from elementary manuals on the fundamentals of music, through practical works of harmony, form and counterpoint, to learned studies of musical acoustics, tuning, aesthetics and psychology, among many others. The quantity and diversity of these publications pressures us to reflect on what we might properly consider to be ‘music theory’ in the nineteenth century. While this is a question that has been answered in different ways over the past century,2 in this essay we will consider a more circumscribed literature and pedagogy that deals directly with questions related to the teaching and learning of compositional skills – usually in institutional settings. This is not to say that the aim of music theory in the nineteenth century was simply to teach a young student how to become a good composer (although there are pedagogies and pedagogues who promised precisely that). More accurately, compositional music theory could be a means offered to musicians from all ranks by which they would gain an ‘inside’ understanding of the ways the vocabulary, grammar and forms of music worked in practice. Along with historical knowledge of the most important composers, genres and styles of music, music theory had become in the nineteenth century a kind of practical knowledge available for a growing community of middle-class educated musicians. So how could one gain entry to such inside compositional knowledge? In the nineteenth century, it was done in two basic ways. One could begin from ‘below’, so to speak, with a student learning the rudiments and skills of music at a very basic level and gradually ascending through a pedagogy of graded study and exercise. This is the ‘practical’ or ‘propaedeutic’ tradition of music theory. The second approach was from ‘above’, whereby one would begin by studying masterpieces of musical repertoire to gain an appreciation and understanding of canonical works and thereby see their governing principles displayed, and perhaps even gain inspiration for one’s own musical compositions. Both approaches can be found in music theory texts published in the nineteenth century – often by the same author. Whether they actually led to the same place, however, is another question altogether. Still, neither the reading of music theory textbooks nor the study of scores alone would be sufficient for learning to compose. The most important transmitters of theoretical and compositional knowledge were actually the many institutions of learning that were established in the nineteenth century for the teaching of music. The founding of the French Conservatoire national de musique et de déclamation in 1795, shortly after the revolution, marks the beginning of this important chapter of musical instruction in Europe. It is important to keep in mind that during the ancien régime of the eighteenth century, musical instruction usually took place as guild knowledge passed on by a master composer to a small number of apprentices, whether in the church, the court or – somewhat uniquely – a number of orphanages in Naples. These Neapolitan orphanages that passed on a remarkable tradition of partimenti-based training were called conservatori thus inaugurating the term as a descriptor for an institution of musical instruction.3 With the establishment of the French Conservatoire, though, musical instruction began to be more institutionalised and standardised. It became the model for many other countries which soon adopted the structure – if not necessarily the specific curriculum – of the Conservatoire for their own national institutions of musical instruction (Milan – 1807, Prague – 1808, Warsaw – 1810, Vienna – 1817, London – 1822, Leipzig – 1843, Moscow – 1866). Music theory (though not under that name) was taught in the French Conservatoire by means of three basic, though overlapping, subdivisions: harmony, counterpoint and composition.4 These divisions were often porous and fungible, with individual instructors charged with teaching two or even all three of those subjects. Yet even as all of these subjects were traditional ones found in many eighteenth-century texts of musical instruction, important changes were being introduced.
Conference papers on the topic "Small muscles exercise training"
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Wu, Tzong-Ming, Shu-Yi Wang, and Dar-Zen Chen. "An Upper Limb Exoskeleton for Pinpointed Muscular Exercises With Overextension Injury Prevention." In ASME 2010 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2010-28631.
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Over-automated equipments and modern city life style lead to the diminishing opportunities for muscle using; however, the comfortable life is not always good for human health, and appropriate muscle training can not only enhance muscular strength and endurance but improve the health and fitness. Different kinds of ideas have been proposed for muscle training by exercise machines, which control direction of resistance for safety sake but isolate specific muscle groups to be trained. Compared with machines, free-weight exercise is a whole-body training in which human limbs can be moved on different planes to train more muscle groups. In this study, an upper limb exoskeleton design is proposed for free-weight exercise to strengthen the principal muscles of upper limb and shoulder. The upper limb exoskeleton is constituted of 3-DOF shoulder joint and 1-DOF elbow joint. The joint torques of shoulder and elbow joint of the exoskeleton match the objective joint torques from a model of free-weight exercise. The principal muscles of human arm and shoulder are training by dumbbell lateral raise, dumbbell frontal raise, dumbbell curl motion, and overhead triceps extension motion. With the arrangement of small-inertia springs, the exoskeleton is capable of preventing the muscle from injuries caused by the huge inertia change. The evaluation of the model was conducted by using isokinetic dynamometer to measure shoulder abduction-adduction, shoulder flexion-extension, and elbow flexion-extension for the male and female adults, and the results matched with the data obtained from the derived model.
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Malátová, Renáta, Petr Bahenský, Martin Mareš, and David Marko. "Influence of the intervention program according to Pulmonary Rehabilitation principles on breathing functions of healthy individuals." In 12th International Conference on Kinanthropology. Brno: Masaryk University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.p210-9631-2020-12.
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Purpose: The aim of the study is to develop and verify an intervention program based on find-ings of the subject field Pulmonary Rehabilitation and the application of such programme to a daily program of healthy probands over a six-week period. The authors were concerned with determining whether an intervention program, based on a combination of aerobic load and resistance training, might affect the breathing stereotype and breathing functions in healthy individuals. Methods: Muscle dynamometer MD03 was used to examine the extent of engagement of in-dividual breathing regions. Breathing functions, or more specifically, the forced vital capacity (FVC) and one-second vital capacity (FEV1), were measured by means of Spirometer Ot-thon, and the evaluation was conducted using program ThorSoft. The intervention included 6 probands at the age of 21.3 ± 0.8 who exercise regularly. The probands underwent initial and final tests. The data obtained were evaluated and substantial significance was deter-mined using Cohen’s d, and the Student’s paired t test for dependent selection. Significance value was determined at significance value α = 0.05. Data were processed in programs Mi-crosoft Excel 2016 and Statistica 12. Results: The tested set of probands showed a substantially significant change of value FVC (Cohen’s d = −0.13, i.e. a small effect). This change was also statistically significant. As regards value FEV , a substantially significant change incurred (Cohen’s d = −0.23, i.e. a small effect). Likewise, this change was statistically significant. The analysis of breathing movements of the observed group of probands revealed improvement especially in the lower thoracic region (abdominal) following the completion of the intervention program. In resting breathing, a substantially significant (Cohen’s d = 2.83, a large effect) as well as statistically significant change was effectuated in this region. In the middle thoracic region, a substantial-ly significant change (Cohen’s d = 0.01, i.e. a small effect) incurred; however, there was no statistical change. No substantially or statistically significant changes were obtained for the upper thoracic (subclavian) region. Conclusion: Our results imply that the aforementioned intervention applied in healthy individ-uals who exercise regularly hasn’t had a positive influence on breathing functions. Though there was a small improvement in the breathing stereotype, the optimum engagement of the abdominal breathing region within the breathing wave as described in specialized literature was not accomplished.
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Mincheva-Bolgurova, Penka. "FITBALL EXERCISES AS A MEANS OF TRAINING AND PREVENTION OF POSTURAL CONTROL." In INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC CONGRESS “APPLIED SPORTS SCIENCES”. Scientific Publishing House NSA Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37393/icass2022/152.
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ABSTRACT The purpose of the study is to investigate the use of fitball exercises as a means of training the trunk muscles and stimulating postural control in children and adolescents. Methods and methodology. Contemporary literature sources and methodologies for training the static strength endurance of the postural muscles and the possibilities for their application as part of a methodology for training to maintain good postural control were studied and analyzed. Results. Modern research on the possibility of incorporating a variety of therapeutic tools, devices and exercises for training and control of postural muscles stimulates the interest of children and enriches the methodology of physiotherapy. The goal of postural correction is to incorporate exercises from starting positions that stimulate postural reflexes. Postural correction includes exercises that stimulate muscular endurance of the postural muscles, balance, equilibrium and coordination. Fitball exercises are also recommended as exercises that stimulate postural correction and control. Conclusion. Fitball exercises can be included in the methodology of physiotherapy in the treatment of postural disorders. They provide variety in the complexes by creating a positive emotional stimulus during exercise. They help to improve muscular strength endurance, balance, and postural muscle equilibrium which aids in postural correction and postural control training.
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Cavalheri, Vinicius, Chris Burtin, Vittoria Formico, Mika Nonoyama, Sue Jenkins, Martijn Spruit, and Kylie Hill. "Exercise training in people following surgery for non-small cell lung cancer: a Cochrane systematic review." In ERS International Congress 2019 abstracts. European Respiratory Society, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2019.oa5358.
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GRAVIER, Francis-Edouard, Pauline Smondack, Guillaume Prieur, Clément Medrinal, Yann Combret, Jean-François Muir, Jean-Marc Baste, Antoine Cuvelier, Fairuz Boujibar, and Tristan Bonnevie. "Effects of exercise training in people with non-small cell lung cancer before lung resection: a systematic review and meta-analysis." In ERS International Congress 2021 abstracts. European Respiratory Society, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2021.oa2636.
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Babic, Matej, Miroslav Holienka, and Nikolas Nagy. "Internal Load Of Soccer Goalkeepers During A Training Process." In 12th International Conference on Kinanthropology. Brno: Masaryk University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.p210-9631-2020-22.
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Purpose: The main aim of our research was to determine the internal load of goalkeepers in the soccer training process. The internal load of goalkeepers during the training process is examined according to the achieved values of heart rate. Our goal was to expand the knowl-edge of the impact of different methodical forms on the goalkeepers’ internal load in soccer, thereby support the possibilities of improving their training process. The assumption was that the goalkeepers would achieve significantly different heart rate values in different methodical forms. Methods: The research group was formed by six elite youth soccer goalkeepers (n=6) from U16, U17 and U19 categories. In order to evaluate the heart rate was used the POLAR PRO heart rate monitor and the loading zones of goalkeepers were determined by using a pro-gram called POLAR Team2. Subsequently, the obtained data were evaluated by using the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test and Cohen´s „r “(effect size). Results: The average difference in HRavg during preparatory exercise and small-sided game was 25 ± 9 beats.min-1, and the average difference in HRmax was 35 ± 12 beats.min-1. During preparatory exercise achieved the goalkeepers’ value of HRavg 134 ± 8 beats.min-1 and in small-sided game was HRavg 159 ± 8 beats.min-1. In individual methodical forms were found significantly different average heart rate values (z = -2.201, p < 0.05, r = 0.9), which statisti-cally and logically confirmed our assumption. Conclusion: Monitoring of soccer goalkeepers´ internal load in the process of training and improvement of game activities can greatly help the coaches in further planning, optimiza-tion and tracking of the training process. Based on our research´s results is recommended to monitor and evaluate the internal load intensity of goalkeepers using sporttesters during entire training process.
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Pachidis, V., P. Pilidis, and I. Li. "Training Future Gas Turbine Performance Engineers." In ASME Turbo Expo 2007: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2007-27400.
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The performance analysis of modern gas turbine engine systems has led industry to the development of sophisticated gas turbine performance simulation tools and the utilization of skilled operators who must possess the ability to balance environmental, performance and economic requirements. Academic institutions, in their training of potential gas turbine performance engineers have to be able to meet these new challenges, at least at a postgraduate level. This paper describes in detail the “Gas Turbine Performance Simulation” module of the “Thermal Power” MSc course at Cranfield University in the UK, and particularly its practical content. This covers a laboratory test of a small Auxiliary Power Unit (APU) gas turbine engine, the simulation of the ‘clean’ engine performance using a sophisticated gas turbine performance simulation tool, as well as the simulation of the degraded performance of the engine. Through this exercise students are expected to gain a basic understanding of compressor and turbine operation, gain experience in gas turbine engine testing and test data collection and assessment, develop a clear, analytical approach to gas turbine performance simulation issues, improve their technical communication skills and finally gain experience in writing a proper technical report.
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Ghufroni, Afif, and Jasmine Kartiko Pertiwi. "Effectiveness of Muscle Energy Technique to Increase Hamstring Muscle Flexibility in Adolescents." In The 7th International Conference on Public Health 2020. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.02.29.
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Background: Shortening of the hamstring muscles results in pain, limited range of motion, postural instability, and abnormal gait, which effect on daily activities. Muscle energy technique provides a solution to shortening the hamstring muscles by improving muscle flexibility. This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of muscle energy technique in increasing hamstring muscle flexibility in adolescents. Subjects and Method: This was a quasi-experiment pretest-posttest without a control group conducted at No. 1 High School Jogonalan, Klaten, Central Java in April 2018. A total of 30 students was selected with purposive sampling method in which one student dropped out. The dependent variable was flexibility of hamstring muscle. The independent variable was muscle energy technique training. The flexibility of hamstring muscle was measured by back saver sit and reach test. Data were analyzed by Wilcoxon test. Results: Flexibility of hamstring muscle was higher after muscle energy technique (Mean= 39.92; SD= 4.24) than before (Mean= 30.14; SD= 3.59), and it was statistically significant (p <0.001). Conclusion: Muscle energy technique increases flexibility of hamstring muscle. Muscle exercise technique can be used to improve hamstring muscle flexibility. Keywords: muscle energy technique, flexibility, hamstring muscle, adolescents Correspondence: Afif Ghufroni. Physiotherapy Study Program, School of Health Polytechnics, Surakarta, Indonesia. Email: apip.physio@gmail.com. Mobile: +6285725000769. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.02.29
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Brown, Ellenor, Kazuya Aomoto, Atsutoshi Ikeda, Tsukasa Ogasawara, Yasuhide Yoshitake, Minoru Shinohara, and Jun Ueda. "Comparison of Ultrasound Muscle Stiffness Measurement and Electromyography Towards Validation of an Algorithm for Individual Muscle Control." In ASME 2013 Dynamic Systems and Control Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dscc2013-4093.
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The ability to control individual muscle activity is widely applicable in clinical diagnostics, training, and rehabilitation. Inducing muscle patterns that amplify abnormal muscle coordination can assist with early diagnosis of neuromuscular disorders. Individual muscle control also allows for targeted exercise of muscles weakened by disease, injury, or disuse. The goals of this research are to test a system for individual muscle control and introduce the use of muscle ultrasound as an alternative to electromyography (EMG). The system integrates a computational model of the right upper extremity with a robotic manipulator to predict and control muscle activity. To test the system, subjects gripped the manipulator and isometrically resisted loads applied to the hand. Muscle activity was measured via EMG and ultrasound. The system was able to induce the desired direction of muscle activity change but with limited precision. EMG measurement appeared susceptible to error due to crosstalk in the forearm.
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Farhat Ullah, Yusra, and William K. Durfee. "Identification of Low Torque Step Sizes for the Design of a Single-Channel Muscle-Powered Hybrid Orthosis for People With Spinal Cord Injury." In 2020 Design of Medical Devices Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dmd2020-9092.
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Abstract In paraplegia due to complete or incomplete spinal cord injury, the connection from the brain to muscles in the lower limbs is severed but the muscles that act on signals from the brain to produce limb movement remain functional. Functional electrical stimulation (FES), which is the application of electric potential across a muscle group to artificially cause the muscle to contract, is a method that can be used alone or in conjunction with an orthosis to produce a gait cycle. Such FES based walking machines or devices have been studied and designed for several decades. However, their application in everyday exercise is limited by several factors, one of which is the rapid onset of muscle fatigue produced in the stimulated muscle. In this work, simulations were conducted in Simscape Multibody to lay the groundwork for the design of a next-generation FES based walking machine powered by the quadriceps femoris muscle group of each limb. The stimulation of the quadriceps femoris muscle causes the knee to extend while some energy is stored by the orthosis, which uses the stored energy to complete the gait cycle. In this study, we have analyzed the power requirements of each step in the hybrid FES-orthosis gait cycle for different stride lengths. These requirements can help identify small step sizes to reduce the power required from the stimulated muscle.