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Journal articles on the topic 'Small field dosimetry'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 29 January 2023

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1

Piskunou, V. S., and I. G. Tarutin. "Static small radiation fields and detectors for relative small field dosimetry in external beam radiotherapy." Doklady BGUIR 19, no. 5 (August 26, 2021): 94–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.35596/1729-7648-2021-19-5-94-101.

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The aim of this work is to analyze existing detectors for the relative dosimetry of small radiation fields in external beam radiation therapy and the requirements for them, consider the problems in carrying out dosimetry of small radiation fields, determine the physical conditions under which an external photon beam can be designated as a small field. In modern radiation therapy, there is an increase in the use of small static fields, which is facilitated by the general availability of standard and optional multileaf collimators and new generation treatment machines of various designs. There is growing interest in the use of such radiation techniques as stereotactic radiosurgery, stereotactic body radiotherapy, intensity modulated radiotherapy, which are widely used small fields. This has increased the uncertainties in clinical dosimetry, especially for small fields. Accurate dosimetry of small fields is important when commissioning linear accelerators and is a difficult task, especially for very small fields used in stereotactic radiotherapy. In the course of the work, a study of topical problems in the dosimetry of small radiation fields in external beam radiation therapy has been carried out. The physical conditions under which the external photon beam can be designated as a small field are considered. A review and analysis of existing detectors for the relative dosimetry of small radiation fields, as well as an analysis of the requirements for the character. The analysis revealed that liquid ionization chambers, silicon diodes, diamond detectors, organic scintillators, radiochromic films, thermoluminescent dosimeters and optically stimulated luminescence detectors are considered suitable for relative dosimetry of small photon fields and are recommended for use in clinics where radiotherapy is performed.

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2

Tateoka, K., T. Saikawa, and N. Saitou. "Evaluation of small field dosimetry." Japanese Journal of Radiological Technology 51, no. 8 (1995): 1001. http://dx.doi.org/10.6009/jjrt.kj00001352576.

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3

Fahmi Mohd Yusof, Mohd, Nur Amirah Shariff, Nur Sajidah Muhammad Fauzi, Ahmad Bazlie Abdul Kadir, and Noriza Mohd Isa. "Small beam dosimetry by using Al₂O₃ optically stimulated luminescent (OSL) dosimeters at high energy photons and electrons." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1231, no. 1 (February 1, 2022): 012018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1231/1/012018.

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Abstract The study focused on the measurements of depth dose for small beam in the high energy photons and electrons. The percentage depth dose (PDD) was measured in 6 and 10 MV photons and 9 and 12 MeV electrons at 3 × 3 cm field sizes by using the Al2O3 optically stimulated luminescent (OSL) dosimeters. The PDD in OSL dosimeters were compared to those in ionization chamber and Gafchromic EBT3 film dosimeter. The results showed that the PDD in OSL dosimeters in lower photon and electron energies were in good agreement within 4% to ionization chamber and film. The PDD in 10 MV photons however showed gradual increase of deviation up to 10% beyond the depth of maximum dose (dmax). The surface doses in OSL dosimeters were significantly higher compared to those in ionization chamber and film dosimeter. The overall results suggested the suitability of OSL dosimeters to be used as indirect dosimetry works in high energy photons and electrons.

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4

THOMAS, S. J., D. J. EATON, G. S. J. TUDOR, and N. I. TWYMAN. "Equivalent squares for small field dosimetry." British Journal of Radiology 81, no. 971 (November 2008): 897–901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1259/bjr/27713136.

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5

Wuu, Cheng-Shie, Yi-Fang Wang, Andy Y. Xu, and John Adamovics. "Pre-clinical and small field dosimetry." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1305 (August 2019): 012023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1305/1/012023.

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6

Aspradakis, Maria M. "Small photon field dosimetry: present status." Physica Medica 30 (2014): e4-e5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmp.2014.07.022.

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7

Rustgi, Surendra N., and Kim R. Working. "Dosimetry of Small Field Electron Beams." Medical Dosimetry 17, no. 2 (1992): 107–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0958-3947(92)90023-9.

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8

Shamsi, Qurat-ul-ain, Saeed Ahmad Buzdar, Saima Altaf, Atia Atiq, Maria Atiq, and Khalid Iqbal. "Total scatter factor for small fields in radiotherapy: a dosimetric comparison." Journal of Radiotherapy in Practice 17, no. 3 (November 27, 2017): 292–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1460396917000681.

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AbstractPurposeSmall field dosimetry is complicated and accuracy in the measurement of total scatter factor (TSF) is crucial for dosimetric calculations, in making optimum intensity-modulated radiotherapy plans for treating small target volumes. In this study, we intended to determine the TSF measuring properties of CC01 and CC04 detectors for field sizes ranging from sub-centimetre to the centimetre fields.Material and methodsCC01 and CC04 chamber detectors were used to measure TSF for 6 and 18 MV photon beam delivered from the linear accelerator, through small fields in a water phantom. Small fields were created by collimator jaws and multi-leaf collimators separately, with field sizes ranging from 0·6 to 10 cm2 and 0·5 to 20 cm2, respectively.ResultsCC01 measured TSF at all the given field sizes created by jaws and multi-leaf collimators for both 6 and 18 MV beams whereas CC04 could not measure TSF for field sizes <1 cm2 due to volume averaging and perturbation effects.ConclusionCC01 was shown to be effective for measurement of TSF in sub-centimetre field sizes. CC01 can be employed to measure other dosimetric quantities in small fields using different energy beams.

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9

Russo, Serenella, Silvia Bettarini, Barbara Grilli Leonulli, Marco Esposito, Paolo Alpi, Alessandro Ghirelli, Raffaella Barca, et al. "Dosimetric Characterization of Small Radiotherapy Electron Beams Collimated by Circular Applicators with the New Microsilicon Detector." Applied Sciences 12, no. 2 (January 8, 2022): 600. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12020600.

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High-energy small electron beams, generated by linear accelerators, are used for radiotherapy of localized superficial tumours. The aim of the present study is to assess the dosimetric performance under small radiation therapy electron beams of the novel PTW microSilicon detector compared to other available dosimeters. Relative dose measurements of circular fields with 20, 30, 40, and 50 mm aperture diameters were performed for electron beams generated by an Elekta Synergy linac, with energy between 4 and 12 MeV. Percentage depth dose, transverse profiles, and output factors, normalized to the 10 × 10 cm2 reference field, were measured. All dosimetric data were collected in a PTW MP3 motorized water phantom, at SSD of 100 cm, by using the novel PTW microSilicon detector. The PTW diode E and the PTW microDiamond were also used in all beam apertures for benchmarking. Data for the biggest field size were also measured by the PTW Advanced Markus ionization chamber. Measurements performed by the microSilicon are in good agreement with the reference values for all the tubular applicators and beam energies within the stated uncertainties. This confirms the reliability of the microSilicon detector for relative dosimetry of small radiation therapy electron beams collimated by circular applicators.

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10

Bayatiani, Mohamad Reza, Fatemeh Fallahi, Akbar Aliasgharzadeh, Mahdi Ghorbani, Benyamin Khajetash, and Fatemeh Seif. "Determination of effective source to surface distance and cutout factor in small fields in electron beam radiotherapy: A comparison of different dosimeters." Polish Journal of Medical Physics and Engineering 26, no. 4 (December 1, 2020): 235–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pjmpe-2020-0028.

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Abstract Objective: The main purpose of this study is to calculate the effective source to surface distance (SSDeff) of small and large electron fields in 10, 15, and 18 MeV energies, and to investigate the effect of SSD on the cutout factor for electron beams a linear accelerator. The accuracy of different dosimeters is also evaluated. Materials and methods: In the current study, Elekta Precise linear accelerator was used in electron beam energies of 10, 15, and 18 MeV. The measurements were performed in a PTW water phantom (model MP3-M). A Semiflex and Advanced Markus ionization chambers and a Diode E detector were used for dosimetry. SSDeff in 100, 105, 110, 115, and 120 cm SSDs for 1.5 × 1.5 cm2 to 5 × 5 cm2 (small fields) and 6 × 6 cm2 to 20 × 20 cm2 (large fields) field sizes were obtained. The cutout factor was measured for the small fields. Results: SSDeff in small fields is highly dependent on energy and field size and increases with increasing electron beam energy and field size. For large electron fields, with some exceptions for the 20 × 20 cm2 field, this quantity also increases with energy. The SSDeff was increased with increasing beam energy and field size for all three detectors. Conclusion: The SSDeff varies significantly for different field sizes or cutouts. It is recommended that SSDeff be determined for each electron beam size or cutout. Selecting an appropriate dosimetry system can have an effect in determining cutout factor.

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11

Farhood, Bagher, Wrya Parwaie, Soheila Refahi, and MahdiehAfkhami Ardekani. "Different dosimeters/detectors used in small-field dosimetry: Pros and cons." Journal of Medical Signals & Sensors 8, no. 3 (2018): 195. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/jmss.jmss_3_18.

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12

Aaki, Fujio, Tatsuya Ishidoya, Tohru Ikegami, Nobuyuki Moribe, and Yasuyuki Yamashita. "Application of a radiophotoluminescent glass plate dosimeter for small field dosimetry." Medical Physics 32, no. 6Part1 (May 13, 2005): 1548–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1118/1.1925187.

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13

Dobberthien, Brennen J., Fred Cao, Yingli Zhao, Eric Harvey, and Genoveva Badragan. "Effect of inaccurate small field output factors on brain SRS plans." Biomedical Physics & Engineering Express 8, no. 2 (February 1, 2022): 025009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2057-1976/ac4a85.

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Abstract External beam radiotherapy often includes the use of field sizes 3 × 3 cm2 or less, which can be defined as small fields. Dosimetry is a difficult, yet important part of the radiotherapy process. The dosimetry of small fields has additional challenges, which can lead to treatment inconsistencies if not done properly. Most important is the use of an appropriate detector, as well as the application of the necessary corrections. The International Atomic Energy Agency and the American Association of Physicists in Medicine provide the International Code of Practice (CoP) TRS-483 for the dosimetry of small static fields used in external MV photon beams. It gives guidelines on how to apply small-field correction factors for small field dosimetry. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of inaccurate small-field output factors on clinical brain stereotactic radiosurgery plans with and without applying the small-field correction factors as suggested in the CoP. Small-field correction factors for a Varian TrueBeam linear accelerator were applied to uncorrected relative dose factors. Uncorrected and corrected clinical plans were created with two different beam configurations, 6 MV with a flattening filter (6 WFF) and 6 MV without a flattening filter (6 FFF). For the corrected plans, the planning target volume mean dose was 1.6 ± 0.9% lower with p < 0.001 for 6 WFF and 1.8 ± 1.5% lower with p < 0.001 for 6 FFF. For brainstem, a major organ at risk, the corrected plans had a dose that was 1.6 ± 0.9% lower with p = 0.03 for 6 WFF and 1.8 ± 1.5% lower with p = 0.10 for 6 FFF. This represents a systematic error that should and can be corrected.

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14

Kanxheri, K., C. Talamonti, S. Sciortino, S. Lagomarsino, M. Ionica, M. Caprai, F. Moscatelli, and L. Servoli. "3D diamond detectors for small field dosimetry." Physica Medica 92 (December 2021): S12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1120-1797(22)00031-x.

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15

Das, I., O. Sauer, and A. Ahnesjo. "WE-A-137-01: Small Field Dosimetry." Medical Physics 40, no. 6Part28 (June 2013): 465. http://dx.doi.org/10.1118/1.4815493.

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16

Thwaites, D. I., C. McKerracher, A. M. Morgan, A. McCabe, C. Evans, and S. J. Weston. "251 Practical approaches to small field dosimetry." Radiotherapy and Oncology 76 (September 2005): S119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-8140(05)81228-9.

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17

Duggan, D. M., and C. W. Coffey. "Small photon field dosimetry for stereotactic radiosurgery." Medical Dosimetry 23, no. 3 (September 1998): 153–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0958-3947(98)00013-2.

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18

Das, I., M. Aspradakis, O. Sauer, and A. Ahnesjo. "TH-A-203-01: Small Field Dosimetry." Medical Physics 37, no. 6Part15 (June 2010): 3446. http://dx.doi.org/10.1118/1.3469461.

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19

Zhu, Timothy C. "Small Field: dosimetry in electron disequilibrium region." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 250 (November 1, 2010): 012056. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/250/1/012056.

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20

López-Sánchez, Miguel, María Pérez-Fernández, Eduardo Pardo, José M. Fandiño, Antonio Teijeiro, Nicolás Gómez-Fernández, Faustino Gómez, and Diego M. González-Castaño. "Small static radiosurgery field dosimetry with small volume ionization chambers." Physica Medica 97 (May 2022): 66–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmp.2022.04.002.

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21

Park, So-Yeon, Byeong Geol Choi, Dong Myung Lee, and Na Young Jang. "Analysis of Small-Field Dosimetry with Various Detectors." Progress in Medical Physics 29, no. 4 (2018): 164. http://dx.doi.org/10.14316/pmp.2018.29.4.164.

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22

Kim, Jonghyun, Sung Min Nam, Jihye Kim, Yo-Na Choi, Tae Hoon Kim, Kook Jin Chun, Hyun-Tai Chung, and Wonhee Lee. "Microfluidic Chip Calorimeter for Small-Field Radiation Dosimetry." IEEE Sensors Journal 20, no. 10 (May 15, 2020): 5165–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jsen.2020.2968189.

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23

Amin, Md Nurul, Robert Heaton, Bern Norrlinger, and Mohammad K. Islam. "Small field electron beam dosimetry using MOSFET detector." Journal of Applied Clinical Medical Physics 12, no. 1 (October 4, 2010): 50–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1120/jacmp.v12i1.3267.

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24

Cutaia, C., L. Radici, E. Gino, M. Pasquino, and M. Stasi. "Exradin A26 microchamber characterization for small field dosimetry." Physica Medica 32 (February 2016): 16–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmp.2016.01.058.

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25

Aspradakis, M. "SP-0410 SMALL PHOTON FIELD DOSIMETRY: CHALLENGES IN ABSOLUTE, REFERENCE AND RELATIVE DOSIMETRY." Radiotherapy and Oncology 103 (May 2012): S164—S165. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-8140(12)70749-1.

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26

Ploquin, N., G. Kertzscher, E. Vandervoort, C. E. Andersen, and J. Cygler. "OC-0517 SMALL FIELD DOSIMETRY USING OPTICAL-FIBER RADIOLUMINESCENCE AND RADPOS DOSIMETRY SYSTEMS." Radiotherapy and Oncology 103 (May 2012): S208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-8140(12)70856-3.

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27

Charles, P. H., S. B. Crowe, T. Kairn, J. Kenny, J. Lehmann, J. Lye, L. Dunn, et al. "The effect of very small air gaps on small field dosimetry." Physics in Medicine and Biology 57, no. 21 (October 9, 2012): 6947–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0031-9155/57/21/6947.

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28

Lam, S. E., D. A. Bradley, R. Mahmud, M. Pawanchek, H. A. Abdul Rashid, and N. Mohd Noor. "Dosimetric characteristics of fabricated Ge-doped silica optical fibre for small-field dosimetry." Results in Physics 12 (March 2019): 816–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rinp.2018.12.030.

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29

Chen, Felipe, Carlos F. O. Graeff, and Oswaldo Baffa. "K-band EPR dosimetry: small-field beam profile determination with miniature alanine dosimeter." Applied Radiation and Isotopes 62, no. 2 (February 2005): 267–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apradiso.2004.08.036.

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30

Sharma, SD. "Challenges of small photon field dosimetry are still challenging." Journal of Medical Physics 39, no. 3 (2014): 131. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0971-6203.138998.

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31

Ikeda, Ikuo, Kazuyuki Komatsu, Masamichi Koyanagi, Toshihiko Iwamoto, and Hiromi Ikezaki. "273. A study of dosimetry for small field area." Japanese Journal of Radiological Technology 50, no. 8 (1994): 1190. http://dx.doi.org/10.6009/jjrt.kj00003326074.

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32

Shin, Hun-Joo, Myong-Ho Kim, Ihl-Bohng Choi, Young-nam Kang, Dae-Hyun Kim, Byung Ock Chio, Hong Seok Jang, Ji-Young Jung, Seok Hyun Son, and Chul Seung Kay. "Evaluation of the EDGE detector in small-field dosimetry." Journal of the Korean Physical Society 63, no. 1 (July 2013): 128–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3938/jkps.63.128.

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33

Yoshiura, Takao, Osami Yasui, and Makoto Furumi. "Radiation dosimetry for small field using waterphantom scan system." Japanese Journal of Radiological Technology 52, no. 2 (1996): 195. http://dx.doi.org/10.6009/jjrt.kj00001354116.

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34

Underwood, T., H. Winter, J. Fenwick, and M. Hill. "OC-0512 MODIFYING DETECTOR DESIGNS FOR SMALL FIELD DOSIMETRY." Radiotherapy and Oncology 103 (May 2012): S206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-8140(12)70851-4.

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35

Sharma, Subhash C., Martin W. Johnson, and Michael S. Gossman. "Practical considerations for electron beam small field size dosimetry." Medical Dosimetry 30, no. 2 (June 2005): 104–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.meddos.2005.02.001.

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36

Pressello, M. C., and R. Nigro. "Small field dosimetry for VMAT implementation: A multidetector study." Physica Medica 32 (February 2016): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmp.2016.01.190.

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37

Underwood, T. S. A., J. Thompson, L. Bird, A. J. D. Scott, P. Patmore, H. C. Winter, M. A. Hill, and J. D. Fenwick. "Validation of a prototype DiodeAir for small field dosimetry." Physics in Medicine and Biology 60, no. 7 (March 19, 2015): 2939–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0031-9155/60/7/2939.

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38

Kwon, Kyeongha, Seung Yun Heo, Injae Yoo, Anthony Banks, Michelle Chan, Jong Yoon Lee, Jun Bin Park, Jeonghyun Kim, and John A. Rogers. "Miniaturized, light-adaptive, wireless dosimeters autonomously monitor exposure to electromagnetic radiation." Science Advances 5, no. 12 (December 2019): eaay2462. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aay2462.

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Exposure to electromagnetic radiation (EMR) from the sun and from artificial lighting systems represents a modifiable risk factor for a broad range of health conditions including skin cancer, skin aging, sleep and mood disorders, and retinal damage. Technologies for personalized EMR dosimetry could guide lifestyles toward behaviors that ensure healthy levels of exposure. Here, we report a millimeter-scale, ultralow-power digital dosimeter platform that provides continuous EMR dosimetry in an autonomous mode at one or multiple wavelengths simultaneously, with time-managed wireless, long-range communication to standard consumer devices. A single, small button cell battery supports a multiyear life span, enabled by the combined use of a light-powered, accumulation mode of detection and a light-adaptive, ultralow-power circuit design. Field studies demonstrate single- and multimodal dosimetry platforms of this type, with a focus on monitoring short-wavelength blue light from indoor lighting and display systems and ultraviolet/visible/infrared radiation from the sun.

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39

DesRosiers, Colleen, Marc S. Mendonca, Craig Tyree, Vadim Moskvin, Morris Bank, Leo Massaro, Robert M. Bigsby, et al. "Use of the Leksell Gamma Knife for Localized Small Field Lens Irradiation in Rodents." Technology in Cancer Research & Treatment 2, no. 5 (October 2003): 449–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/153303460300200510.

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For most basic radiobiological research applications involving irradiation of small animals, it is difficult to achieve the same high precision dose distribution realized with human radiotherapy. The precision for irradiations performed with standard radiotherapy equipment is ±2 mm in each dimension, and is adequate for most human treatment applications. For small animals such as rodents, whose organs and tissue structures may be an order of magnitude smaller than those of humans, the corresponding precision required is closer to ±0.2 mm, if comparisons or extrapolations are to be made to human data. The Leksell Gamma Knife is a high precision radiosurgery irradiator, with precision in each dimension not exceeding 0.5 mm, and overall precision of 0.7 mm. It has recently been utilized to treat ocular melanoma and induce targeted lesions in the brains of small animals. This paper describes the dosimetry and a technique for performing irradiation of a single rat eye and lens with the Gamma Knife while allowing the contralateral eye and lens of the same rat to serve as the “control”. The dosimetry was performed with a phantom in vitro utilizing a pinpoint ion chamber and thermoluminescent dosimeters, and verified by Monte Carlo simulations. We found that the contralateral eye received less than 5% of the administered dose for a 15 Gy exposure to the targeted eye. In addition, after 15 Gy irradiation 15 out of 16 animals developed cataracts in the irradiated target eyes, while 0 out of 16 contralateral eyes developed cataracts over a 6-month period of observation. Experiments at 5 and 10 Gy also confirmed the lack of cataractogenesis in the contralateral eye. Our results validate the use of the Gamma Knife for cataract studies in rodents, and confirmed the precision and utility of the instrument as a small animal irradiator for translational radiobiology experiments.

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40

Benmakhlouf, Hamza, and Pedro Andreo. "Spectral distribution of particle fluence in small field detectors and its implication on small field dosimetry." Medical Physics 44, no. 2 (January 30, 2017): 713–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mp.12042.

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41

de Pooter, Jacco, Simon Woodings, and Leon de Prez. "INCREASED ACCURACY IN DOSIMETRY FOR SMALL FIELD RADIATION FIELDS IN PRESENCE OF MAGNETIC FIELDS." Physica Medica 104 (December 2022): S117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1120-1797(22)02394-8.

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42

KAWAHARADA, YASUHIRO, ICHIROU KOYAMA, and MASAMI YAMADA. "SMALL FIELD DOSIMETRY OF CONVERGENT BEAMS RADIOTHERAPY BY LINEAR ACCELERATOR." Japanese Journal of Radiological Technology 50, no. 4 (1994): 489–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.6009/jjrt.kj00003325701.

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43

Dimofte, A., T. Zhu, and J. Novak. "SU-FF-T-341: Small Field Dosimetry for Electron Beams." Medical Physics 36, no. 6Part14 (June 2009): 2600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1118/1.3181822.

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44

Ying, J., B. Casto, S. Wang, T. Talyor, A. Wichman, M. Taylor, and L. Ku. "SU-E-T-297: Small Field Dosimetry for Superficial Lesions." Medical Physics 41, no. 6Part16 (May 29, 2014): 292. http://dx.doi.org/10.1118/1.4888629.

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45

Talamonti, C., M. Zani, D. Menichelli, F. Friedl, F. Bisello, P. Bonomo, M. Bruzzi, F. Paiar, M. Scaringella, and M. Bucciolini. "PO-0826: Novel epitaxial silicon array for small field dosimetry." Radiotherapy and Oncology 115 (April 2015): S416—S417. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-8140(15)40818-7.

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46

Radici, L., C. Cutaia, B. Mazzotta, E. Gino, and M. Stasi. "EP-1378: Exradin A26 microchamber characterization for small field dosimetry." Radiotherapy and Oncology 115 (April 2015): S743—S744. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-8140(15)41370-2.

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47

Pasquino, M., C. Cutaia, L. Radici, E. Gino, and M. Stasi. "Characterization of the Exradin A26 microchamber for small field dosimetry." Physica Medica 32 (September 2016): 201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmp.2016.07.682.

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48

Sors, A., E. Cassol, I. Latorzeff, P. Duthil, J. Lotterie, A. Redon, I. Berry, and X. Franceries. "Micro-mosfet For Small-field In Vivo Dosimetry In Radiosurgery?" International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics 81, no. 2 (October 2011): S870. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrobp.2011.06.1551.

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49

Ravindran, P., and M. Narmatha. "SU-GG-T-343: Small Photon Field Dosimetry with Gel." Medical Physics 37, no. 6Part21 (June 2010): 3265. http://dx.doi.org/10.1118/1.3468740.

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50

Das, I. "TH-C-BRCD-01: Small Field Dosimetry: A Clinical Perspective." Medical Physics 39, no. 6Part30 (June 2012): 3996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1118/1.4736302.

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