Relevant bibliographies by topics / Small Fatigue Crack Growth

Academic literature on the topic 'Small Fatigue Crack Growth'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Small Fatigue Crack Growth"

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Goto, Masahiro, Takaei Yamamoto, Junichi Kitamura, Seung Zeon Han, R. Takanami, Terutoshi Yakushiji, and J. H. Lee. "Growth Rate of Small Surface-Cracks in Age Hardening Cu-Ni-Si Alloy under Cyclic Stressing." Key Engineering Materials 827 (December 2019): 216–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.827.216.

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Stress-controlled fatigue tests were conducted on round-bar specimens to understand the fatigue behavior of precipitate-strengthened Cu–6Ni–1.5Si alloy. The cracks were initiated at the grain boundaries, followed by growth along the crystallographic slip planes in the adjacent grains. The crack growth data of plain specimens exhibited a large scatter, resulting in a difficulty of the measurement of crack growth rate. To evaluate the small-crack growth rate of the alloy, the plain specimens with a small blind hole as the crack starter were fatigued. The crack growth rate of small cracks from the hole was uniquely determined by a term σanl and the material constant, n, was 5.3. The term σanl with n = 5.3 was applied to the plain specimen, showing good applicability of the term to small cracks in the plain specimen.
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Zhu, Lei, Xuteng Hu, Rong Jiang, Yingdong Song, and Shoudao Qu. "An investigation of small fatigue crack behavior in titanium alloy TC4 under different stress levels." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part G: Journal of Aerospace Engineering 233, no. 15 (June 4, 2019): 5567–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954410019852867.

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In this paper, the small fatigue crack behavior in titanium alloy TC4 under different stress levels was investigated. Single-edge-notch tension specimens were axially fatigued with stress ratio of 0.1 at room temperature. Results show that the naturally initiated cracks nucleate from the α/β interfaces. When the crack is below a critical length of ∼200 µm, crack growth rates exhibit large fluctuations and temporary retardations due to microstructure effects. But once the crack length exceeds ∼200 µm, the fluctuations in crack growth rates die down and the crack grows more rapidly. There is no distinct effect of stress level on small crack growth rate. A linear relationship exists between the total fatigue life and crack initiation life.
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Goto, Masahiro, Seung Zeon Han, Yuji Yokoho, Kazuya Nakashima, S. S. Kim, and Kwang Jun Euh. "The Relationship between Shear Bands and Crack Growth Behavior in Ultrafine Grained Copper Processed by Severe Plastic Deformation." Key Engineering Materials 452-453 (November 2010): 645–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.452-453.645.

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Fatigue life of smooth specimens is approximately controlled by the growth life of a small crack. This means the growth behavior of small cracks must be clarified to estimate the fatigue life of plain members. However, there are few studies on the growth behavior of small cracks in ultrafine grained (UFG) metals. In the present study, fatigue tests for UFG copper have been conducted. The formation behavior of shear bands (SBs) and growth behavior of a small crack have been monitored to clarify the effect of SBs on the growth behavior of a major crack.
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Lukaszewicz, Mikolaj, Shen Gi Zhou, and Alan Turnbull. "Novel Concepts on the Growth of Corrosion Fatigue Small and Short Cracks." Solid State Phenomena 227 (January 2015): 3–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.227.3.

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Corrosion fatigue small, short and long crack growth rates have been determined for a 12Cr steam turbine steel in aerated 300 ppb Cl- + 300 ppb SO42- solution and in air at 90 °C. The crack growth rate for short and long cracks was monitored by direct current potential drop (DCPD) and for the small cracks by combining high resolution optical microscopy and DCPD. Comparison of the fatigue growth rate demonstrated that in solution the short crack growth rate was remarkably enhanced in comparison to long cracks, when the crack size is smaller than 250 μm. This enhancement was attributed to the electrochemical crack size effect associated with greater anodic polarisation of the short crack in such low conductivity solution. However, such enhanced growth was not observed for small cracks, which was rationalised on the basis of additional contribution of current from the pit limiting crack-tip polarisation.
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Ortiz, K., and A. S. Kiremidjian. "A Stochastic Model for Fatigue Crack Growth Rate Data." Journal of Engineering for Industry 109, no. 1 (February 1, 1987): 13–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3187085.

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This paper summarizes a new approach to the probabilistic modeling of fatigue crack growth. The material’s resistance to fatigue crack growth is modeled as a stochastic process, which varies randomly along the crack path. Model parameters are determined through time analysis of fatigue crack growth rate data. Predictions of the statistics of crack growth are excellent, especially for small cracks.
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Prakash, R. V. "Fatigue crack growth at stress concentrators under spectrum loading." Journal of Strain Analysis for Engineering Design 40, no. 2 (February 1, 2005): 117–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/030932405x7764.

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Fatigue cracks initiate at stress raisers such as notches, discontinuities, and surface defects. Many of the field failures that indicate the presence of a fatigue crack at failure can be traced to crack initiation from one or more crack initiation sites and merger of cracks over a period of service. Substantial service life is spent in the growth of small cracks from an initial size of few micrometres before they coalesce and grow to critical dimensions that cause fracture. This paper summarizes research that was carried out in order to understand the kinetics of crack growth of small cracks at notches under simulated FALSTAFF service loading. This paper also presents a method used to understand crack growth kinetics in a pin-loaded lug joint through a crack-front-mapping technique.
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Burchill, Madeleine, Simon Barter, Lok Hin Chan, and Michael Jones. "Microstructurally small fatigue crack growth rates in aluminium alloys for developing improved predictive models." MATEC Web of Conferences 165 (2018): 13004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201816513004.

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The fatigue or durability life of a few critical structural metallic components often sets the safe and/or economic useful life of a military airframe. In the case of aluminium airframe components, growth rates, at or soon after fatigue crack nucleation are being driven by near threshold local cyclic stress intensities and thus are very low. Standard crack growth rate data is usually generated from large cracks, and therefore do not represent the growth of small cracks (typically <1mm). Discussed here is an innovative test and analysis technique to measure the growth rates of small cracks growing as the result of stress intensities just above the cyclic growth threshold. Using post-test quantitative fractographic examination of fatigue crack surfaces from a series of 7XXX test coupons, crack growth rates and observations of related growth phenomenon in the threshold region have been made. To better predict small crack growth rates under a range of aircraft loading spectra a method by which standard material data models could be adapted is proposed. Early results suggest that for small cracks this method could be useful in informing engineers on the relative severity of various spectra and leading to more accurate predictions of small crack growth rates which can dominate the fatigue life of airframe components.
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Potirniche, G. P., M. F. Horstemeyer, P. M. Gullett, and B. Jelinek. "Atomistic modelling of fatigue crack growth and dislocation structuring in FCC crystals." Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 462, no. 2076 (July 5, 2006): 3707–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2006.1746.

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Fatigue damage in face-centred cubic crystals by dislocation substructuring and crack growth was computationally simulated at the atomic scale. Single-crystal copper specimens with approximately 200 000 atoms and an initial crack were subjected to fatigue loading with a constant strain amplitude of ϵ max =0.01 and a load ratio of R = ϵ min / ϵ max =0.75. Cyclic plastic deformation around the crack tip is the main influencing factor for the propagation mechanisms of nanocracks. The main crack-propagation mechanisms occurred either by void nucleation in the high-density region near the crack tip or by fatigue cleavage of the atomic bonds in the crack plane. Fatigue crack growth at grain boundaries was also studied. For high misorientation angle grain boundaries, the crack path deviated while moving from one grain to another. For low crystal misorientations, the crack did not experience any significant out-of-plane deviation. For a large crystal misorientation, voids were observed to nucleate at grain boundaries in front of the crack tip and link back with the main crack. During fatigue loading, dislocation substructures were observed to develop throughout the atomic lattices. Fatigue crack growth rates for nanocracks were computed and compared with growth rates published in the literature for microstructurally small cracks (micron range) and long cracks (millimetre range). The computed growth rates for nanocracks were comparable with those for small cracks at the same stress intensity ranges and they propagated below the threshold for long cracks.
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Wang, Xi Shu, and Jing Hong Fan. "Growth Rate of Small Fatigue Cracks of Cast Magnesium Alloy at Different Conditions." Materials Science Forum 546-549 (May 2007): 77–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.546-549.77.

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Some differences between the growth behaviors of small fatigue crack of cast AM50 magnesium alloy at different elevated temperature and at open and closed states were investigated based on in-situ observations with scanning electron microscope (SEM). These results indicate that the growth rates of small fatigue cracks depend on not only the stress levels but also the elevated temperature and crack states. The fatigue crack growth rates were estimated based on novel and conventional methods.
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Knorr, Alain Franz, and Michael Marx. "Microstructural Barriers against Fatigue Crack Growth." Materials Science Forum 783-786 (May 2014): 2339–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.783-786.2339.

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Fatigue induced fracture is the number one reason for failure of technical systems. However, in the stage of small crack growth grain or phase boundaries lead to a fluctuating crack propagation rate near the obstacle. Sometimes the cracks stop completely for a large number of cycles resulting in an additional number of life time cycles. However, so far it is not clear, what actually determines the resistance of a grain boundary against fatigue cracks. Therefore we developed a systematic experimental technique based on in-situ imaging in the scanning electron microscope and focused ion beam (FIB) crack initiation which gives detailed information on the interaction of short fatigue cracks with microstructural elements. We investigated the mechanisms of crack transmission in the neighbouring grain on the microscopic scale and identified different useful aspects of the interaction between microcracks and microstructural barriers. The 3D-tomographs revealed by serial sectioning an FIB give information about the transition process from one grain to the neighbouring one. The result is a purely geometrical consideration leading to a quantitative description of the blocking effect of grain boundaries on short fatigue crack growth. The results include useful aspects for fatigue life calculation and to make materials more fatigue resistant.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Small Fatigue Crack Growth"

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Li, Xu-Dong. "On kinetics of small fatigue crack growth." Thesis, Open University, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.296607.

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Zhang, Y. H. "Small fatigue crack growth in high strength aluminium alloys." Thesis, Open University, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.314821.

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Hennessey, Conor Daniel. "Modeling microstructurally small crack growth in Al 7075-T6." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/53947.

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Fatigue of metals is a problem that affects almost all sectors of industry, from energy to transportation, and failures to account for fatigue or incorrect estimations of service life have cost many lives. To mitigate such fatigue failures, engineers must be able to reliably predict the fatigue life of components under service conditions. Great progress has been made in this regard in the past 40 years; however one aspect of fatigue that is still being actively researched is the behavior of microstructurally small cracks (MSCs), which can diverge significantly from that of long cracks. The portion of life spent nucleating and growing a MSC over the first few grains/phases can consume over 90% of the total fatigue life under High Cycle Fatigue (HCF) conditions and is the primary source of the scatter in fatigue lives. Therefore, the development of robust fatigue design methodologies requires that the MSC regime of crack growth can be adequately modeled. The growth of microstructurally small cracks is dominated by influence of the local heterogeneity of the microstructure and is a highly complex process. In order to successfully model the growth of these microstructurally small cracks (MSCs), two computational frameworks are necessary. First, the local behavior of the material must be modeled, necessitating a constitutive relation with resolution on the scale of grain size. Second, a physically based model for the nucleation and growth of microstructurally small fatigue cracks is needed. The overall objective of this thesis is best summarized as the introduction these two computational frameworks, a crystal plasticity constitutive model and fatigue model, specifically for aluminum alloy 7075-T6, a high-strength, low density, precipitation hardened alloy used extensively in aerospace applications. Results are presented from simulations conducted to study the predicted crack growth under a variety of loading conditions and applied strain ratios, including uniaxial tension-compression and simple shear at a range of applied strain amplitudes. Results from the model are compared to experimental results obtained by other researchers under similar loading conditions. A modified fatigue crack growth algorithm that captures the early transition to Stage II growth in this alloy will also be presented.
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Jin, Ohchang. "The characterization of small fatigue crack growth in PH13-8 Mo stainless steel." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/19633.

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Gockel, Brian Timothy. "Developing the capability to examine environmental effects on small fatigue crack growth." Dayton, Ohio : University of Dayton, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=dayton1271184488.

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Thesis (M.S. in Mechanical Engineering) -- University of Dayton.
Title from PDF t.p. (viewed 06/22/10). Advisor: Robert Brockman. Includes bibliographical references (p. 42-44). Available online via the OhioLINK ETD Center.
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Goulding, A. "Small fatigue crack growth in a near alpha titanium alloy : crack closure, stress gradient and temperature considerations." Thesis, Swansea University, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.637082.

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The effect of fatigue crack closure in IMI 829 has been addressed for cracks growing from plain surfaces and under the influence of a stress concentration. Several test-piece configurations were employed, incuding thick and thin section double edge notches and standard corner crack (CC) geometries. All types incorporated an ultra fine corner slit to bias the crack initiation site. A thin double edge notch (DEN) specimen with a through section starter slit was also tested. Crack closure loads were measured using direct current potential drop (PD) and replica techniques. The primary closure mechanism was found to be a plasticity induced closure. The results indicate the dominance of surface effects. They also permit near tip and wake related closure effects to be resolved. At the higher stresses, notch root plasticity in the thick DEN dominates closure. At lower stresses where elastic conditions prevail, the results were comparable to those found in the plain CC specimen. Much work was carried out to characterise closure of part-through and through thickness cracks in the thin section notch. The transition between the two crack types invoked a complex closure response. A secondary closure mechanism was also identified, for all specimen types. This was roughness induced closure. On the basis of the PD measurements, an effective ΔK was derived which improved correlation of data over the range of stress levels and R values tested. At room temperature, crack lengths were measured using the above PD system and an existing photomicroscopic arrangement. A study of crack shape morphology was carried out using optical and SEM techniques. The observed complex stress and crack length dependency of shape development in thick notch specimens at higher stresses, was explained on the basis of enhanced plasticity induced closure in the notch root. Other deviations from expected shape characteristics, could be rationalised in terms of microstructural interactions.
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Steadman, David Lawrence. "Growth-arrest behavior of small fatigue cracks." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/11731.

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Galland, Florent. "An adaptive model reduction approach for 3D fatigue crack growth in small scale yielding conditions." Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00596397.

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It has been known for decades that fatigue crack propagation in elastic-plastic media is very sensitive to load history since the nonlinear behavior of the material can have a great influence on propagation rates. However, the raw computation of millions of fatigue cycles with nonlinear material behavior on tridimensional structures would lead to prohibitive calculation times. In this respect, we propose a global model reduction strategy, mixing both the a posteriori and a priori approaches in order to drastically decrease the computational cost of these types of problems. First, the small scale yielding hypothesis is assumed, and an a posteriori model reduction of the plastic behavior of the cracked structure is performed. This reduced model provides incrementally the plastic state in the vicinity of the crack front, from which the instantaneous crack growth rate is inferred. Then an additional a priori model reduction technique is used to accelerate even more the time to solution of the whole problem. This a priori approach consists in building incrementally and without any previous calculations a reduced basis specific to the considered test-case, by extracting information from the evolving displacement field of the structure. Then the displacement solutions of the updated crack geometries are sought as linear combinations of those few basis vectors. The numerical method chosen for this work is the finite element method. Hence, during the propagation the spatial discretization of the model has to be updated to be consistent with the evolving crack front. For this purpose, a specific mesh morphing technique is used, that enables to discretize the evolving model geometry with meshes of the same topology. This morphing method appears to be a key component of the model reduction strategy. Finally, the whole strategy introduced above is embedded inside an adaptive approach, in order to ensure the quality of the results with respect to a given accuracy. The accuracy and the efficiency of this global strategy have been shown through several examples; either in bidimensional and tridimensional cases for model crack propagation, including the industrial example of a helicopter structure.
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Ward, D'Anthony Allen. "The Effect of Dwell Loading on the Small Fatigue Crack Growth at Notches in IN100." University of Dayton / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=dayton1355235018.

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Johnston, Stephen R. "FINITE ELEMENT SIMULATIONS OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL MICROSTRUCTURALLY SMALL FATIGUE CRACK GROWTH IN 7075 ALUMINUM ALLOY USING CRYSTAL PLASTICITY THEORY." MSSTATE, 2005. http://sun.library.msstate.edu/ETD-db/theses/available/etd-10242005-133331/.

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This thesis discusses plasticity-induced crack closure based finite element simulations of small fatigue cracks in three dimensions utilizing crystal plasticity theory. Previously, modeling has been performed in two dimensions using a double-slip crystal plasticity material model. The goal of this work is to extend that research using a full three-dimensional FCC crystal plasticity material model implementation that accounts for all twelve FCC slip systems. Discussions of Python scripts that were written to perform analyses with the commercial finite element code ABAQUS are given. A detailed description of the modeling methodology is presented along with results for single crystals and bicrystals. The results are compared with finite element and experimental results from the literature. A discussion of preliminary work for the analysis of crack growth around an intermetallic particle is also presented.
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Books on the topic "Small Fatigue Crack Growth"

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C, Sih G., ed. Multiscale fatigue crack initiation and propagation of engineering materials: Structural integrity and microstructural worthiness : fatigue crack growth behaviour of small and large bodies. [Dordrecht]: Springer, 2008.

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Richard, Hans Albert, and Manuela Sander. Fatigue Crack Growth. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-32534-7.

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Recho, Naman. Fracture mechanics and crack growth. London: ISTE Ltd., 2012.

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Song, Ji-Ho, and Chung-Youb Kim. Expert System for Fatigue Crack Growth Predictions Based on Fatigue Crack Closure. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-8036-6.

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Monahan, C. C. Early fatigue crack growth at welds. Southampton, UK: Computational Mechanics Publications, 1995.

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Monahan, Craig C. Early fatigue crack growth at welds. Ashurst: Computational Mechanics, 1995.

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Heinrich, Gert, Reinhold Kipscholl, and Radek Stoček, eds. Fatigue Crack Growth in Rubber Materials. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-68920-9.

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Kubair, D. V. Crack growth: Rates, prediction, and prevention. New York: Nova Science Publishers, 2012.

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K, Krausz, ed. Fracture kinetics of crack growth. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1988.

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J, Petit, and Société française de métallurgie, eds. Fatigue crack growth under variable amplitude loading. London: Sole distributor in the USA and Canada, Elsevier Science Pub. Co., 1988.

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Book chapters on the topic "Small Fatigue Crack Growth"

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Koyama, Motomichi, Hiroshi Noguchi, and Kaneaki Tsuzaki. "Microstructural Crack Tip Plasticity Controlling Small Fatigue Crack Growth." In The Plaston Concept, 213–34. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-7715-1_10.

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AbstractIn this chapter, we present a metallurgical–mechanical mechanism-based strategy for the design of fatigue-resistant metals. Specifically, we elucidate the importance of the metallurgical microstructure in a mechanical singular field (crack tip). The fatigue crack growth resistance is controlled through the crack tip “plasticity”, and the effect of the associated microstructure becomes significant when the crack is “small (or short)”. More importantly, the resistance to small crack growth determines a major portion of fatigue life and strength. Therefore, the microstructural crack tip plasticity is a key breakthrough to the development of fatigue-resistant metals. As successful examples of this concept, we introduce the effects of grain refinement, martensitic transformation, strain aging, dislocation planarity enhancement, and microstructure heterogeneity on small fatigue crack growths.
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Wanhill, Russell, and Simon Barter. "Short/Small Fatigue Crack Growth." In Fatigue of Beta Processed and Beta Heat-treated Titanium Alloys, 27–40. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-2524-9_5.

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Ellyin, Fernand. "Growth and behaviour of small cracks." In Fatigue Damage, Crack Growth and Life Prediction, 415–41. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1509-1_9.

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Spangenberger, Anthony, Anastasios Gavras, and Diana Lados. "Long and Small Fatigue Crack Growth in Aluminum Alloys." In Light Metals 2014, 279–83. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118888438.ch48.

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Spangenberger, Anthony, Anastasios Gavras, and Diana Lados. "Long and Small Fatigue Crack Growth in Aluminum Alloys." In Light Metals 2014, 279–83. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48144-9_48.

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Chan, Kwai S. "Growth Characteristics of Small Fatigue Cracks." In Encyclopedia of Tribology, 1592–605. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-92897-5_270.

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Bernard, J. D., J. B. Jordon, and M. F. Horstemeyer. "Small Fatigue Crack Growth Observations in an Extruded Magnesium Alloy." In Magnesium Technology 2011, 67–72. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48223-1_15.

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Bernard, J. D., J. B. Jordon, and M. F. Horstemeyer. "Small Fatigue Crack Growth Observations in an Extruded Magnesium Alloy." In Magnesium Technology 2011, 67–72. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118062029.ch15.

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Mei, Z., C. Krenn, and J. W. Morris. "Growth of Small Fatigue Cracks in Incoloy-908." In Advances in Cryogenic Engineering Materials, 1299–306. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9053-5_165.

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Smith, Reuel, and Mohammad Modarres. "Small Crack Fatigue Growth and Detection Modeling with Uncertainty and Acoustic Emission Application." In Contributions to Statistics, 3–17. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-55789-2_1.

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Conference papers on the topic "Small Fatigue Crack Growth"

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Steadman, D., R. Carlson, and G. Kardomateas. "Expert system model of small fatigue crack growth." In 39th AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference and Exhibit. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.1998-2064.

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Zhao, Zhengwei Jack, and Irewole Wally Orisamolu. "Probabilistic Fatigue Damage Assessment for Small Crack Growth." In ASME 2000 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2000-2647.

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Abstract Fatigue and fracture are typical random phenomena due to various uncertainty sources, including material property, initial flaw and crack shape, structural configuration and geometry around crack tip, load fluctuation, and other environmental factors. As contrast to the most commonly used probabilistic fatigue growth models, which are built based on simplified fatigue crack growth law, a framework of probabilistic fracture mechanics based fatigue damage assessment methodology for small crack propagation is presented here. The proposed modeling is developed based on a comprehensive fatigue crack growth model, which accounts the effect of crack aspect ratio, stress ratio, and crack closure and retardation. Due to the complicated nature of the fatigue damage modeling adopted, a high non-linear limit state function with discontinuity resulted from physical domain jumping and overlapping are encountered. The advanced fast probability integration techniques in conjunction with response surface methodology and Monte Carlo simulation are used and the accuracy of the analysis is verified. The interface between probabilistic analysis package and the deterministic fracture mechanics analysis program is developed for the purpose of uncertainty propagation. The probability of failure of fatigue damage is computed first. The statistical characteristics of estimated fatigue life and critical crack size are obtained and presented through CDF/PDF curves. The sensitivity analysis is also performed, which provides an indication of the order of importance for the random variables considered. The results of the study have shown robustness and efficiency of the probabilistic analysis to deal with the real world challenge of uncertainty modelling, propagation, and quantification. Currently, possibility to combine the subject probabilistic damage assessment methodology with reliability updating techniques is under the investigation. The successfulness of the presented research activity will address an important issue of quantitative risk analysis for aging structures subjected to accumulative material damage.
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Chattopadhyay, Som, and Juan Hu. "Development of New S-N Curves Based on Small Crack Methodology." In ASME 2006 Pressure Vessels and Piping/ICPVT-11 Conference. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2006-icpvt-11-93778.

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The propagation behavior of short cracks cannot be studied by linear elastic methods because of large plastic region near the crack tip, as well as a breakdown in correlation of the stress intensity factor with the fatigue crack growth rates. The proposed fatigue design approach incorporates a distance parameter in conjunction with linear elastic fracture mechanics and effectively integrates long and short crack growth test data. This distance parameter is a material constant that allows for the effects of (a) large-scale plasticity, (b) crack closure and (c) fatigue crack threshold. Furthermore, this parameter can be used to successfully predict fatigue crack growth behavior of short cracks. The practical application of this method to study fatigue crack initiation in pressure vessels rests on the concept that initiation occurs only when the material ahead of the crack tip is damaged enough by cyclic straining. The initiation and growth of small cracks have been investigated along with consideration for crack closure.
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Welch, Donald E., Lee M. Hively, and Ray F. Holdaway. "Nonlinear Crack Growth Monitoring." In ASME 2000 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2000-2459.

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Abstract Structures subject to crack growth spend 90–95% of their lifetime in nucleation of very tiny flaws into measurable crack sizes. Due to the large variation in initial flaw sizes and the mathematics of flaw growth, the fatigue lifetimes, even of high-quality structures, can vary by a factor of as much as 10 to 20 even in a small fleet. This large variation in fatigue lifetimes leads to conservative statistics, which often prompts the premature retirement or overhaul of structures, since they focus on the weakest members of the fleet, while the remainder of the fleet is sound. In the past two years, Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) has developed a new Griffith energy-based technique that can provide useful warning of the impending failure of a structure due to end-of-life crack propagation. This technique has been demonstrated by test and analysis in fiberglass composite for tension-tension fatigue.
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Lu, Zizi, Jifeng Xu, and Yongming Liu. "A Small Time Scale Model for Creep Fatigue Crack Growth Analysis." In Thirteenth ASCE Aerospace Division Conference on Engineering, Science, Construction, and Operations in Challenging Environments, and the 5th NASA/ASCE Workshop On Granular Materials in Space Exploration. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784412190.065.

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Liu, Yongming, and Zizi Lu. "Small Time Scale Fatigue Crack Growth Analysis Under Variable Amplitude Loading." In 51st AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference
18th AIAA/ASME/AHS Adaptive Structures Conference
12th. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2010-2861.

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Yu, Weiwei, Pedro M. Vargas, Ben Crowder, Sam Mishael, and Ramgopal Thodla. "Small Scale Sour Fatigue Testing With Dense Phase Gases." In ASME 2012 31st International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2012-83973.

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One way generally accepted by industry to evaluate the effect of sour environment on fatigue performance of girth welds is by small scale testing in sour brines. These tests are commonly done at room temperature and pressure and therefore can only contain a maximum of 14.7psia of H2S in a gaseous phase. In comparison, very little has been published about fatigue performance in sour environments where negligible amounts or no water is present. Such condition can be found for pipelines serving in a “dry” sour environment (H2S and other gases in dense phase) with high H2S concentration. This paper documents both small scale fatigue crack growth rate (FCGR) tests and S-N fatigue tests in a dense phase sour environment with ultra-low water content and high H2S concentration under high pressure. Fatigue life reduction factors were calculated from FCGR approach (with the name crack growth acceleration factor, CGAF) and S-N approach (with the name knockdown factor), respectively. Industry understanding today is that water is necessary for accelerating fatigue crack growth. Quite opposite to the expected effect of water content on crack growth, even ultra-low water content (<450ppm) resulted in high crack growth rates. Crack growth rates were comparable among tests with various water contents, all ultra low. Through limited testing, no temperature dependency on crack growth rate was identified. It is postulated that hydrogen dissociation due to high pressure and high concentration may be the cause for high crack growth rates on the absence of water. Small scale S-N tests on smooth specimens reveal that fatigue performance in ultra-low-water sour environments is the same as in air. We find that the dry gas environment dose not attack the metal surface preserving the fatigue performance.
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Gioielli, Paulo, and Jaime Buitrago. "Full Size Fatigue Crack-Growth Testing for Girth Welds." In ASME 2004 23rd International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2004-51640.

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Fatigue crack-growth modeling has a significant impact in establishing defect acceptance criteria for the inspection of fracture-critical, girth-welded components, such as risers and tendons. ExxonMobil has developed an experimental technique to generate crack-growth data, in actual welded tubulars, that account for the particular material properties, geometry, and residual stresses. The technique is fully compatible with conventional fracture mechanics models. It uses a series of pre-designed notches made around the welds on a production quality, full-scale specimen that is tested efficiently in a resonant fatigue setup. The crack development from notches is monitored during testing and evaluated post-mortem. Given its simplicity and high loading frequency, the technique provides growth data germane to the component at hand at a lower cost and faster than standard, small-scale tests.
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Lenets, Youri N. "Practical Aspects of Fatigue Crack Growth in Aero-GTE Applications." In ASME Turbo Expo 2012: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2012-68736.

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In an attempt to mitigate future accidents and to harmonize the U.S. and European engine certification requirements, the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) has recently revised engine certification standards related to the design of engine life-limited parts, also called “critical parts” in European regulations. The updated rule introduces new requirements for engine manufacturers to conduct damage tolerance assessment of all rotating structural parts as well as major static structural parts whose primary failure is likely to result in hazardous engine effects. Several practical aspects of such damage tolerance assessment, centered on the fatigue crack growth (FCG) testing of aero-GTE materials, are considered in the following. They include, but are not limited to the discussion of the appropriate test specimen geometry and conditions to characterize the behavior of relatively small semi-elliptical cracks emanating from highly stressed surface locations, and fundamental features of the test data analysis. Two novel test approaches — compression pre-cracking and focused ion beam notching — are discussed in detail and associated methodologies developed to study slow FCG and small crack anomalies, respectively, are illustrated by examples.
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O¨rjasaeter, Oddvin, Richard Verley, Per Egil Kvaale, and Tor Gunnar Eggen. "Crack Growth in Pipes Under Service Contortions." In ASME 2009 28th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2009-80178.

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At the A˚sgard field a leak on a 10″, 13Cr production pipeline was discovered in December 2000 during pressure testing. The cause was a crack at an anode pad fillet weld (pads are connectors for the cathodic protection system). Later, a similar leak occurred on another A˚sgard flowline. During pigging inspection (AUT) several smaller crack indications were found at similar locations. Propagation of such cracks will depend on loading and environmental conditions. To investigate this further, a test programme was carried out using 13Cr pipe materials. Both small scale tests and full scale pipes were used. Specimens were prepared with small initial fatigue cracks at the pad weld. The propagation of the cracks was then recorded under various environmental and loading conditions. The loading was selected to cover a crack growth rate range of ∼10−6 to 10−3 mm/cycle for various crack depths and for two loading frequencies. Tests were conducted under cathodic protection (hydrogen in the material measured) and for temperatures up to 140°C and pressures up to 30bar. The crack growth was recorded by the potential drop method (ACPD). For the full scale pipe tests, specially developed equipment was used for simultaneous measuring at up to 24 individual locations. The results showed that low loading frequency (0.1 Hz) enhances the growth rates; elevated temperature gave equal or lower propagation rates than at 25°C and a pressure of 30bar did not influence the results. A few cracks were also initiated during the corrosion fatigue tests and exhibited high growth rates; possibly due to the so-called “small crack” effect and possibly in synergy with the influence of hydrogen.
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Reports on the topic "Small Fatigue Crack Growth"

1

Kirchner, Ted E., and John McCoy. Automated Fatigue Crack Growth Measurement. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, July 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada198642.

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Hatch, P., J. VanDenAvyle, and J. Laing. Fatigue crack growth automated testing method. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5909955.

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Healy, Thomas E. Fatigue crack growth in lithium hydride. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/95360.

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Avram, Jason. Round Robin Fatigue Crack Growth Testing Results. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, November 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada458296.

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Nagar, Arvind. Small Crack Growth at Pin Loaded Holes. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, June 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada419084.

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Ruschau, John J. Fatigue Crack Growth Characteristics of ARALL (trade name)-1. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, May 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada196185.

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Bogdanoff, John L., and Frank Kozin. B-Model Approach to Fatigue, Fatigue Crack Growth, and Wear for Durability Assessment. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, July 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada171851.

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Miriyala, N., P. K. Liaw, and N. Yu. Fatigue crack growth rate (FCGR) behavior of nicalon/SiC composites. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/114939.

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London, Blair. Investigation of Subcritical Fatigue Crack Growth in Gamma Titanium Aluminides. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, May 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada423542.

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Nmai, Charles, and Mark Bowman. Crack Growth Gages for Monitoring Fatigue Damage : Final Informational Report. West Lafayette, IN: Purdue University, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284314126.

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