Academic literature on the topic 'Small Coupled Dots'
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Journal articles on the topic "Small Coupled Dots"
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Mei, Ming, Minju Kim, Minwoo Kim, Inhong Kim, Hong Seok Lee, Robert A. Taylor, and Kwangseuk Kyhm. "Optical Gain of Vertically Coupled Cd0.6Zn0.4Te/ZnTe Quantum Dots." Nanomaterials 13, no. 4 (February 13, 2023): 716. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano13040716.
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The optical modal gain of Cd0.6Zn0.4Te/ZnTe double quantum dots was measured using a variable stripe length method, where large and small quantum dots are separated with a ZnTe layer. With a large (~18 nm) separation layer thickness of ZnTe, two gain spectra were observed, which correspond to the confined exciton levels of the large and small quantum dots, respectively. With a small (~6 nm) separation layer thickness of ZnTe, a merged single gain spectrum was observed. This can be attributed to a coupled state between large and small quantum dots. Because the density of large quantum dots (4 × 1010 cm−2) is twice the density of small quantum dots (2 × 1010 cm−2), the density of the coupled quantum dots is determined by that of small quantum dots. As a result, we found that the peak gain (123.9 ± 9.2 cm−1) with the 6 nm separation layer is comparable to that (125.2 ± 29.2 cm−1) of the small quantum dots with the 18 nm separation layer.
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Wang, Feng, Niladri S. Karan, Hue Minh Nguyen, Benjamin D. Mangum, Yagnaseni Ghosh, Chris J. Sheehan, Jennifer A. Hollingsworth, and Han Htoon. "Quantum Dots: Quantum Optical Signature of Plasmonically Coupled Nanocrystal Quantum Dots (Small 38/2015)." Small 11, no. 38 (October 2015): 5176. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/smll.201570238.
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Shang, Xiangjun, Hanqing Liu, Xiangbin Su, Shulun Li, Huiming Hao, Deyan Dai, Zesheng Chen, Haiqiao Ni, and Zhichuan Niu. "Light Hole Excitons in Strain-Coupled Bilayer Quantum Dots with Small Fine-Structure Splitting." Crystals 12, no. 8 (August 10, 2022): 1116. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst12081116.
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In this work, we measure polarization-resolved photoluminescence spectra from excitonic complexes in tens of single InAs/GaAs quantum dots (QDs) at the telecom O-band with strain-coupled bilayer structure. QDs often show fine-structure splitting (FSS) ~100 μeV in uniform anisotropy and valence-band mixing of heavy holes (HH) and light holes (LH); the biaxial strain also induces LH excitons with small FSS (especially XX, <5 μeV, 70% of QDs); delocalized LH reduces the Coulomb interaction between holes Vhh and enhances population on LH excitons XX, XX11, X11+ and XX21+.
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Najdi, M. A., J. M. AL-Mukh, and H. A. Jassem. "Theoretical Investigation in Coherent Manipulation throughout the Calculation of the Local Density of States in FM-DQD-FM Device." Materials Science Forum 1039 (July 20, 2021): 451–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1039.451.
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In this work, theoretical investigation in coherent manipulation throughout local density of states calculation for serially coupled double quantum dots embedded between ferromagnetic leads (FM-QD1-QD2-FM) by using the non-equilibrium Green's function approach. Since the local density of states are formulated incorporating the spin polarization and the type of spin configuration on the leads. Our model incorporates the inter-dot hopping, the intra-dot Coulomb correlation, the spin exchange energy and the coupling interactions between the quantum dots and leads. The results concerned to the parallel configuration at strong inter-dot coupling regime shows that the spin down electrons in the quantum dots may be more coupled coherently if the regime is tuned. The local density of states of the two dots for spin up electrons shows a broad hump with small splitting i.e. the case is decoherent for spin up electrons. In the case of weak interdot coupling it is obvious that the spin dependent density of states on the quantum dots show that the resonances are not well splitted. For the antiparallel configuration in the strong coupling regime, the spin dependent density of states of the double quantum dots show four peaks but with broaden and overlapping. In the case of weak coupling regime, the total spin dependent density of states, which have two peaks with certain board, one can conclude that the states are not coupled coherently. The case of the antiferromagnetic nature of the spin exchange interaction, our calculations for the parallel and antiparallel configurations (in strong and weak regimes) show a decoherence state.
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FORTUNA, LUIGI, and DOMENICO PORTO. "QUANTUM-CNN TO GENERATE NANOSCALE CHAOTIC OSCILLATORS." International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos 14, no. 03 (March 2004): 1085–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218127404009624.
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In this letter we consider coupled quantum-dot cells, which are usually used for Quantum-dots Cellular Automata (QCA), to build Cellular Nonlinear Networks. In particular, it is shown how simple connection of few quantum-dot cells (even two of them) can cause the onset of chaotic oscillation only with small differences of polarizations and template between cells. An example of polarizations evolution in two adjacent cells is reported where hyperchaotic behavior has been observed. The richness of dynamics of Quantum CNN with only few dots is also emphasized.
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Shang, Xiangjun, Shulun Li, Hanqing Liu, Xiangbin Su, Huiming Hao, Deyan Dai, Xiaoming Li, et al. "Single- and Twin-Photons Emitted from Fiber-Coupled Quantum Dots in a Distributed Bragg Reflector Cavity." Nanomaterials 12, no. 7 (April 5, 2022): 1219. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12071219.
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In this work, we develop single-mode fiber devices of an InAs/GaAs quantum dot (QD) by bonding a fiber array with large smooth facet, small core, and small numerical aperture to QDs in a distributed Bragg reflector planar cavity with vertical light extraction that prove mode overlap and efficient output for plug-and-play stable use and extensive study. Modulated Si doping as electron reservoir builds electric field and level tunnel coupling to reduce fine-structure splitting (FSS) and populate dominant XX and higher excitons XX+ and XXX. Epoxy package thermal stress induces light hole (lh) with various behaviors related to the donor field: lh h1 confined with more anisotropy shows an additional XZ line (its space to the traditional X lines reflects the field intensity) and larger FSS; lh h2 delocalized to wetting layer shows a fast h2–h1 decay; lh h2 confined shows D3h symmetric higher excitons with slow h2–h1 decay and more confined h1 to raise h1–h1 Coulomb interaction.
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Zhang, Ming-Zhen, Yong Yu, Rong-Na Yu, Min Wan, Rong-Ying Zhang, and Yuan-Di Zhao. "Quantum Dots: Tracking the Down-Regulation of Folate Receptor-α in Cancer Cells through Target Specific Delivery of Quantum Dots Coupled with Antisense Oligonucleotide and Targeted Peptide (Small 24/2013)." Small 9, no. 24 (December 12, 2013): 4182. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/smll.201370155.
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Song, Er-Qun, Zhi-Ling Zhang, Qing-Ying Luo, Wen Lu, Yun-Bo Shi, and Dai-Wen Pang. "Tumor Cell Targeting Using Folate-Conjugated Fluorescent Quantum Dots and Receptor-Mediated Endocytosis." Clinical Chemistry 55, no. 5 (May 1, 2009): 955–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1373/clinchem.2008.113423.
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Abstract Background: Luminescent nanobioprobes with cell-targeting specificity are likely to find important applications in bioanalysis, biomedicine, and clinical diagnosis. Quantum dots (QDs) are unique and promising materials for such a purpose because of their fluorescence and large surface area for attaching cell-targeting molecules. Methods: We produced water-dispersible QDs by coating hydrophobic QDs with small amphiphilic polyethylene glycol (PEG) molecules via hydrophobic interactions. We covalently coupled folate (FA) onto the water-dispersible PEG-coated QDs (PEG-QDs) to produce FA-coupled PEG-QDs (FA-PEG-QDs). Results: These FA-PEG-QD nanoparticles functioned as fluorescent nanobioprobes that specifically recognized folate receptors (FRs) overexpressed in human nasopharyngeal cells (KB cells) but not in an FR-deficient lung carcinoma cell line (A549 cells). Using confocal fluorescence microscopy, we demonstrated uptake of FA-PEG-QDs by KB cells but no uptake of folate-free PEG-QDs. The specificity of this receptor-mediated internalization was confirmed by comparing the uptake by KB vs A549 cells. Conclusions: Our results suggest that such cell-targeting fluorescent nanobioprobes are potentially very powerful tools for recognizing target cells and delivering and tracking drugs and other therapeutic materials.
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Najdi, M. A. "The Charge and Spin Thermoelectric Properties across Double Quantum Dots Serially Coupled to Ferromagnetic Leads: The Case of Parallel Magnetic Configuration." BASRA JOURNAL OF SCIENCE 40, no. 1 (June 3, 2022): 107–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.29072/basjs.20220106.
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In this article, the charge and spin thermoelectric properties of double quantum dots system connected to ferromagnetic leads with collinear magnetic configurations will be studied in the linear response regime. Our results are calculated in a strong interdot coupling regime by taking into consideration all parameters affecting the system such as interaction between dots and their coupling to the leads, intradot Coulomb correlation energy and spin-polarization on the leads. It is found that in the parallel magnetic configuration, the thermoelectric efficiency can reach a large value around the spin-down resonance levels when the tunneling coupling between the quantum dots and the leads for the spin-down electrons are small, which leads to the pure spin Seebeck contribution. As a result, this system can generate a spin-polarized current. The value of the spin figure of merit is enhanced by increasing the spin-polarization and decreasing the correlation energy.
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Gaumet, Jean-Jacques, Gabriel Gaiffe, Clément Dezanet, Stéphane Dalmasso, Pierre Magri, Lavinia Balan, and Raphaël Schneider. "Monitoring the size and the stability of zinc oxide quantum dots in biological media: a soft ionization mass spectrometry technique (MALDI-TOF-MS)." MRS Proceedings 1793 (2015): 7–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/opl.2015.620.
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ABSTRACTWe present herein a joint physical/physico-chemical study and, more specifically, the first application of Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization coupled with Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) to analyze small-sized ZnO quantum dots (QDs) (2.8-3.1 nm diameter range) synthesized by sol-gel chemistry and stabilized through an aminosilane coating. A careful investigation of the stability of ZnO QDs was initiated once these dots were dispersed in different media (water, biological buffer) for a period up to 3 weeks. Positive ion mode mass spectra MALDI-TOF-MS combined with optical spectrometry was used to monitor the stability of ZnO QDs when aging. Such a unique combination of MALDI-TOF-MS and physico-chemical techniques is likely to bring new insights into the structure analysis, the stability and consequently the potential toxicity of QDs.
Books on the topic "Small Coupled Dots"
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Powell, Roger A., Stephen Ellwood, Roland Kays, and Tiit Maran. Stink or swim: techniques to meet the challenges for the study and conservation of small critters that hide, swim, or climb, and may otherwise make themselves unpleasant. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198759805.003.0008.
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The study of musteloids requires different perspectives and techniques than those needed for most mammals. Musteloids are generally small yet travel long distances and many live or forage underground or under water, limiting the use of telemetry and direct observation. Some are arboreal and nocturnal, facilitating telemetry but limiting observation, trapping, and many non-invasive techniques. Large sexual size dimorphism arguably doubles sample sizes for many research questions. Many musteloids defend themselves by expelling noxious chemicals. This obscure group does not attract funding, even when endangered, further reducing rate of knowledge gain. Nonetheless, passive and active radio frequency identification tags, magnetic-inductance tracking, accelerometers, mini-biologgers and some GPS tags are tiny enough for use with small musteloids. Environmental DNA can document presence of animals rarely seen. These technologies, coupled with creative research design that is well-grounded on the scientific method, form a multi-dimensional approach for advancing our understanding of these charismatic minifauna.
Book chapters on the topic "Small Coupled Dots"
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Chang, A. M., H. Jeong, and M. R. Melloch. "Novel Phenomena in Small Individual and Coupled Quantum Dots." In Electron Transport in Quantum Dots, 123–57. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0437-5_4.
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Ramezani, Zahra, and Michael Thompson. "How Functionalization Affects the Detection Ability of Quantum Dots." In Quantum Dots in Bioanalytical Chemistry and Medicine, 37–74. Royal Society of Chemistry, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/9781839169564-00037.
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Quantum dots (QDs) have outstanding optical, physiochemical, and chemical properties that make them an extraordinary alternative to fluorescent organic dyes. Recently, they have become excellent photoluminescent labels for detection and diagnosis in medical sciences; they are also used for the detection of target analytes in a variety of scientific fields, such as agricultural, food, and environmental sciences. These extensive applications are made possible by QDs’ high potential for surface state changes when coupled with macromolecules, such as antibodies, aptamers, proteins, lipids, and other small molecules. QDs can be functionalized by complicated or simple procedures depending on their type. The bioconjugation of carbon QDs (CQDs) is more facile due to the possibility of one-pot synthesis and functionalization with carboxylic and amine groups through the accurate selection of carbon precursors. Bioconjugation and functionalization protocols for semiconductor QDs (SQDs) are more complicated compared with those reported for carbon-based QDs and organic dyes. The functionalization of QDs affects their photoluminescence and chemical characteristics, size distribution, in vivo and in vitro detection abilities, and toxicity. Functionalized QDs may also act as antioxidants and scavenge reactive oxygen species. This chapter briefly reviews several functionalization methods and shows how QDs’ surface chemistry determines their target applications. Conjugated QDs’ applications in cell and tissue imaging, disease diagnosis and treatment, and biomedical sensing are discussed.
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Anand, Lallit, and Sanjay Govindjee. "Linear thermoelasticity." In Continuum Mechanics of Solids, 257–85. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198864721.003.0014.
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This chapter presents a theory for the coupled thermal and mechanical response of solids under circumstances in which the deformations are small and elastic, and the temperature changes from a reference temperature are small --- a framework known as the theory of linear thermoelasticity. The basic equations of the fully-coupled linear theory of anisotropic thermoelasticity are derived. These equations are then specialized for the case of isotropic materials. Finally, as a further specialization a weakly-coupled theory in which the temperature affects the mechanical response, but the deformation does not affect the thermal response, are discussed; this is a specialization which is of importance for many engineering applications, a few of which are illustrated in the examples.
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Anand, Lallit, and Sanjay Govindjee. "Small deformation theory of species diffusion coupled to elasticity." In Continuum Mechanics of Solids, 286–98. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198864721.003.0015.
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This chapter presents a coupled theory for transport of a single atomic (or molecular) chemical species through a solid that deforms elastically. Consideration is limited to isothermal conditions and circumstances in which the deformations are small and elastic, and the changes in species concentration from a reference concentration are small --- a framework known as the theory of linear chemoelasticity. Underlying the presented approach is the notion that the solid can deform elastically but it retains its connectivity and does not itself diffuse. To account for the energy flow due to species transport, the notion of chemical potential of the species is introduced. First the basic equations of the fully-coupled linear theory of anisotropic linear chemoelasticity are derived, and then these equations are specialized for the case of isotropic materials.
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Passie, Torsten. "Early Use in Psychotherapy." In The History of MDMA, edited by Andrew Dennis, 69–86. Oxford University PressOxford, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198867364.003.0006.
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Abstract From 1977, MDMA was used in psychotherapy by a handful of psychiatrists and psychotherapists. They found it to be an ideal aid to psychotherapy as it does not affect ego-functions to the same extent as other psychedelic drugs. Its main effect seemed to be suppression of the fear response, allowing patients the opportunity to observe and reprocess painful memories. Another application was found in couple therapy, as it enables couples to communicate without their usual anxiety-driven limitations. At first, the therapists were eager to keep the substance secret, being afraid it might, as a psychotherapeutic drug, end up having the same fate as LSD. However, their research into its psychotherapeutic utility was broad-based and covered a few hundred patients, apparently with some success. The chapter describes the initial history of the therapeutic use of MDMA, and the people and organizations involved with it. To illustrate its early therapeutic use, five therapists and their work are described in more detail. When the therapists became aware that MDMA might be scheduled, they organized a small conference on its therapeutic use and a psychophysiological study to show its physiological safety. A description of the fate of the research protocols submitted to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) after its scheduling completes the picture.
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Bennett, Karen. "Why I Am Not a Dualist." In Oxford Studies in Philosophy of Mind Volume 1, 208–31. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198845850.003.0008.
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cI argue that dualism does not help assuage the perceived explanatory failure of physicalism. I begin with the claim that a minimally plausible dualism should only postulate a small stock of fundamental phenomenal properties and fundamental psychophysical laws: it should systematize the teeming mess of phenomenal properties and psychophysical correlations. I then argue that it is dialectically odd to think that empirical investigation could not possibly reveal a physicalist explanation of consciousness, and yet can reveal this small stock of fundamental phenomenal properties and psychophysical laws. I go on to consider a couple of different forms the dualist’s laws could take, and argue that one version makes no progress on the hard problem of consciousness, and the other replaces the hard problem with a different problem that is just as hard.
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Purowski, Tomasz. "Ozdoby wykonane z „tworzyw szklistych” odkryte na cmentarzysku w Świbiu / Ornaments made of “glassy materials” from the cemetery at Świbie." In Cmentarzysko w wczesnej epoki żelaza w Świbiu na Górnym Śląsku. Tom 2, 238–78. Wydawnictwo Profil-Archeo, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.33547/swibie2022.2.13.
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Approximately 1,700 beads made of “glassy materials” were discovered in the Świbie cemetery (Figs 13.1–13.4; Table 13.1), the vast majority made of “glassy faience” rather than “true glass”. This is the largest collection of Hallstatt period beads from the territory of present-day Poland. The objects in question were found in at least 40 graves (more than 7% of all graves). Some beads formed necklaces adorning the neck of the deceased. Thanks to anthropological analysis, we know that they mostly accompanied deceased of adult age, presumably more often women than men. The collection of artefacts studied totals 1,676 beads, of which 117 (7%) were made of “true glass”, while 1,559 (93%) were made of “glassy faience” (a material containing numerous inclusions, usually quartz grains; Fig. 13.5); 172 specimens made of the latter material are decorated (with zigzag lines or dots and/or circles; Fig. 13.6) with yellow glass. In total, the analysed objects can be classified into 16 formal groups or subgroups according to the classification in Purowski 2012; 2019 (single specimens did not fit the classification). Small (< 1 cm), undecorated beads, blue in colour, are by far most numerous (Fig. 13.8). Formal analogies to the specimens found in the Świbie cemetery come mainly from Italy and Croatia (Fig. 13.7). Thirty-six samples of “glassy material” (body and decorative glass) from 22 beads were examined archaeometrically (Figs 13.9 and 13.10; Tables 13.2–13.15). Analyses were performed using two methods: Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectroscopy (LA-ICP-MS) (Fig. 13.11) and Electron Probe Micro-Analysis (EPMA) (Figs 13.15, 13.16, 13.18–13.20). Determining the contents of MgO and K2O – indicative of the type of the fluxing agent used – made it possible to distinguish two categories among the “true glasses” analysed: high magnesium glass (HMG) and low magnesium glass (LMG) (Fig. 13.13). Low magnesium and medium potassium glass (LMMK) and low magnesium glass of glassy faience (LMGGF) were identified among the “glassy faience” samples (Fig. 13.14). The glasses forming “glassy faience” (LMMK, LMGGF) and “true glass” (HMG, LMG) differ in both the contents of the main and trace components (Figs 13.21 and 13.22). Different raw materials were used to produce them, and they were added in unequal proportions. LMMK glasses were produced using sand and a difficult-to-identify flux, while LMGGF and LMG glasses were made using sand and mineral soda. HMG was manufactured using a pure source of silica (quartz stones or sand) and halophyte plant ash. “Glassy faience” is typically blue in colour; it was coloured with cobalt compounds. Light green glasses owe their colour primarily to copper compounds, while opaque yellow glasses were coloured with lead and antimony. “True glass” was produced in the Eastern Mediterranean, while “glassy faience” was made in European workshops (most probably Italian and “Slovenian-Croatian”). Artefacts made of “glassy faience” and dated to HaC–HaD1 are found in present-day Poland in a limited area encompassing Greater Poland, Silesia, and the adjacent part of western Lesser Poland. They were probably produced in Italy and the Balkans (Slovenia/Croatia), and then brought along what is known as the Amber Route, through the Alpine passes along the Danube and Morava Rivers to the Moravian Gate and further north. It was probably along the same route that beads made of “true glass”, less common in HaC–D1, found their way to south-western Poland. The material from which they were formed (“true glass”), however, was produced in Eastern Mediterranean areas rather than Europe (as was “glassy faience”).
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Shulman, Terry Chester. "Sherman and the Nut." In Film's First Family, 120–28. University Press of Kentucky, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5810/kentucky/9780813178097.003.0015.
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Dolores gives birth to her first child, Dolores Ethel Mae Barrymore, nicknamed Dede. Helene gives into actor/director Lowell Sherman’s daily proposals and marries him in a lavish ceremony held at the Beverly Wilshire Hotel. Though they have reconciled, Helene chooses not to ask Maurice to give her away. John Barrymore does the honors instead. Married life again goes awry for Helene. The couple fight constantly, with Sherman’s omnipresent mother, Julia, adding insult to injury. The small movie parts Maurice had been getting evaporate with the Crash of 1929, forcing him to return to vaudeville to make ends meet. While performing in a sketch in Stockton, California, he befriends a young woman named Vivienne Sengler. She sues him a year later on a bogus charge that he had backed out of his promise to marry her. Eventually, she drops the case, but not before dragging the Costello name through the mud.
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Lam, Swee-Sum. "Private Philanthropy in Higher Education in Asia." In The Oxford Handbook of Higher Education in the Asia-Pacific Region, 402—C19.P119. Oxford University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780192845986.013.19.
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Abstract Private philanthropy in higher education is an emerging trend in Asia. This exploratory study evaluates the possible strategic role, outcome, and impact of philanthropic giving to higher education, quality of education, and financial sustainability in a small sample of Asia-Pacific countries. Through a series of regression analyses in the chapter, results indicate that contemporaneous giving to higher education in these Asia-Pacific countries does not explain quality of education. Notwithstanding, there is some evidence that philanthropy is building sustainability into education and research offerings in a couple of the top-ranked public universities. Endowment is a funding strategy that possibly impacts the ability of a university or a funded program to sustain itself financially into the future. Nonetheless, findings of this exploratory study do point to the influential role that socio-economic, cultural, and regulatory conditions play in affecting the academic reputation of a country’s higher education.
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"Advancing an Ecosystem Approach in the Gulf of Maine." In Advancing an Ecosystem Approach in the Gulf of Maine, edited by Bonnie J. McCay. American Fisheries Society, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781934874301.ch3.
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<i>Abstract</i>.—The study of ecosystems, such as the Gulf of Maine, and efforts to realize the objectives of ecosystem-based management are proceeding apace, but the so-called “human dimensions” need greater attention, rhetoric notwithstanding. They are mainly limited to representations of the anthropogenic effects of people and their artifacts and activities, such as overfishing, pollution, or drilling for oil. The relevant ecosystem has inputs from people but does not include them. As in standard fisheries management, the people are relegated to a single indicator, “F,” fishing mortality, and perhaps, if we push it a bit, in “E” for effort, as in CPUE (catch per unit effort). Making it ecosystem-based adds small “e” to equations, or elaborates on matters such as predation, competition, sea surface temperatures, but does no more for the people involved. We tend to keep people out of the “ecosystem,” despite much rhetoric to the contrary. If we want to take this seriously, we need to address not only the above notion of anthropogenic influences on a nonhuman ecosystem, but also “social and economic impact” and related analyses, and recent efforts at understanding “coupled natural and human systems.” Throughout, we should not lose sight of the critical roles of people as actors—in tragedies, comedies, and other dramas of the commons— and as chroniclers and witnesses.
Conference papers on the topic "Small Coupled Dots"
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Reyes, Jose´ N., and Eric Young. "The NuScale Advanced Passive Safety Design." In ASME 2011 Small Modular Reactors Symposium. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smr2011-6658.
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NuScale Power is designing an advanced passive nuclear power plant that does not rely on any external sources of power or coolant for safety. Accordingly, the NuScale design inherently prevents the types of issues which led to fuel damage at the Fukushima Daiichi facility. This paper presents an overview of the advanced passive safety systems implemented in the NuScale nuclear power plant. During normal operation, each NuScale containment is fully immersed in a water-filled stainless steel lined concrete pool that resides underground. The pool, housed in a Seismic Category I building, is large enough to provide 30 days of core and containment cooling without adding additional water. After 30 days, the decay heat generation is sufficiently small that natural convection heat transfer to air on the outside surface of the containment coupled with thermal radiation heat transfer is completely adequate to remove core decay heat for an indefinite period of time. These passive safety systems can perform their function without requiring an external supply of water, power, or generators.
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Keller, U., T. K. Woodward, D. L. Sivco, and A. Y. Cho. "Coupled-Cavity Resonant Passive Modelocked (RPM) Nd:YLF Laser." In OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1990.pdp5.
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Coupled cavity modelocking with a resonant nonlinearity in the coupled cavity is a new technique to passively modelock laser media with small gain saturation cross section and was introduced with a Ti:Sapphire laser [1,2]. As an extention of this work, we passively modelocked a cw pumped Nd:YLF laser with an InGaAs/GaAs strained layer MQW [3] resonant nonlinearity in the coupled cavity and generated 4 ps pulses at a wavelength of 1.047 µm with 390 mW average output power at a 250 MHz repetition rate, corresponding to a 1.6 nJ pulse energy. The RPM Nd:YLF laser consists of a linear folded, astigmatically compensated cw Nd:YLF cavity with a 3% coupler to an external low-Q cavity with a nonlinear InGaAs/GaAs quantum well end reflector. The overall tunable output coupler is in the coupled cavity and is typically ≈ 50%. The Nd:YLF rod is cw end- pumped with only 1.5 W at 798 nm from a Ti:Sapphire laser. RPM does not require active cavity length control for stable modelocked pulse trains [4], Diode pumping and higher repetition rates should deliver a practical high power high repetition source for photonic switching applications.
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Cozijn, J. L., and T. H. J. Bunnik. "Coupled Mooring Analysis for a Deep Water CALM Buoy." In ASME 2004 23rd International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2004-51370.
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The effect of the mooring loads on floator motions can be significant for small water plane are floaters like CALM buoys. Not only does the mooring system contribute to the static restoring force components, but the dynamic behaviour of the mooring lines also affects the inertia and damping of the moored CALM buoy. The results from model tests with a moored CALM buoy were compared with the results from two series of time-domain computer simulations. First, fully dynamic coupled simulations were carried out, in which the interaction between the floater motions and the dynamic mooring line loads was modelled for all 6 modes of motion. Second, quasi-static simulations were carried out, in which only the (non-linear) static restoring force characteristics of the mooring system were taken into account. The comparison of results from the simulations and the model tests clearly indicates that the fully dynamic coupled simulations show a much better correspondence with the model test results than the quasi-static simulations. It is concluded that for the simulation of the behavior of a moored CALM buoy in waves a fully dynamic coupled mooring analysis is essential.
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Balvedi, Gláucia C., and Marcos A. R. Franco. "Effect of Coupling between Fundamental and Cladding Modes on Bending Losses in Single-Polarization Single-Mode Photonic Crystal Fiber." In Workshop on Specialty Optical Fibers and their Applications. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/wsof.2008.ps137.
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In this paper we study the effect of bending on the performance of a single-polarization single-mode (SPSM) photonic crystal fiber previously reported in the literature. The optical fiber consists of a photonic crystal fiber with hexagonal lattice of circular air-holes with an elliptical core formed by eight enlarged holes surrounding the central region of the fiber. Numerical analysis based on full-vector finite element method (VFEM) with a cylindrical perfectly matched layer (PML) was applied to evaluate the bending loss and the confinement loss of the fiber. For the straight fiber only the fundamental slow axis mode (x-polarization) exist because of the very high confinement loss of the fundamental fast axis mode (y-polarization). However, for the bent fiber the fast axis mode and the slow axis mode couple with the gallery of the cladding modes. These coupling prevent the fast axis mode to reach the cutoff. As a consequence, the bending loss curve as a function of the wavelength presents oscillations related with these coupled modes. Our simulations demonstrate that the analyzed fiber does not maintain its single-polarization single-mode characteristics when it is bent with a small curvature radius of 10 mm. However, for a small wavelength range (1.50 pm to 1.53 pm) the fundamental slow axis mode presents values of bending loss lower then 0.1 dB/km while the fast axis mode reach losses of about 150 dB/km, what can be useful for some application.
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Kang, Youwei, Liping Sun, Zhuang Kang, and Shuhong Chai. "Coupled Analysis of FPSO and CALM Buoy Offloading System in West Africa." In ASME 2014 33rd International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2014-23118.
Full textAbstract:
FPSO and CALM (Catenary Anchor Leg Mooring) buoy offloading systems are being extensively employed in water field of West Africa. In this paper we did some research on the response of FPSO and CALM offloading systems under special environment conditions in West Africa. It is found that Swell dominate sea state has much larger effects on wave frequency motions of FPSO than responding results introduced by Wind Sea dominate sea state, and squall and current will introduce large horizontal motions of FPSO, such as surge and sway. As for CALM, swell and wind sea mainly affect its heave and roll motions, respectively. Due to its little wind area, CALM does not show great response to Squall which is the extreme environment condition for FPSO though. By comparing the results from OOL (Oil Offloading Line) dynamic analysis and quasi-static analysis, it could be that OOL dynamic effect has little influence on motions of FPSO. But it can bring large changes of responses of CALM because of its small water displacement which indicates coupled analysis of the whole system is necessary. Besides, investigations on OOL fatigue have also been done, and the results show that CALM motion plays an important role on fatigue damage and life of OOL under different sea states.
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Mangelsdorf, Marco A. "Net Energy Metered PV in Hawaii: Experience and Challenges." In ASME 2003 International Solar Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/isec2003-44066.
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In June 2001, Hawaii became the 35th state in the nation to adopt a net energy metering (NEM) law to promote the installation of small (10 kW and less) renewable energy (RE) grid-connected systems across the Hawaiian Islands. What effect has the availability of this law had on the diffusion of NEM photovoltaic (PV) systems in Hawaii? Given the typical abundant sunshine here coupled with consistently high electric utility rates, NEM should be taking off, yet consumer adoption has been slow. What have been the principal impediments to homeowners and businesses going solar electric? While the relatively small number of NEM PV systems installed to date does not allow for definitive conclusions on the ability of the NEM law to achieve its purpose, this initial evaluation will identify what challenges and obstacles exist and make recommendations to overcome them.
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Bandyopadhyay, Promode R., Albert R. Fredette, and Joshua C. Hansen. "Interaction of Boundary Layer and Blade Vibration at Ultra-Low Advance Ratios and Low Reynolds Numbers in a Novel Flapping and Spinning Propulsor." In ASME 2012 31st International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2012-83611.
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The nonlinear thrust properties of a small, near-hovering, conventional-looking propulsor are examined. When the propulsive power versus displacement of large and small manmade underwater vehicles is compared against that of large and small fish (distinguishing their red and white muscle distributions), universal trends are observed for cruising and maneuvering irrespective of size. While there is an overlap in the low displacement range of 0.1 to 1 m3, manmade propulsors have rotating blades that are fixed, but animals use flapping pectoral fins. With this cue, a small and novel propulsor has been built where the fins/blades can both flap and spin. The blade pitch can also be varied, allowing the production of reverse thrust. The nondimensional parameter range of thrust production in both the flapping and spinning modes is determined. When the advance ratio (J) and Reynolds number (Rec) are ultra-low in the spinning mode, the blade boundary layer couples with small pitch oscillations, and a bimodal behavior ensues. Boundary layer fence and rough blade surfaces shift the behavior to higher effective pitch angles, but the bi-modal behavior persists. A quasi-steady thrust modeling is carried out of the spin mode when the boundary layer couples with the inadvertent small pitch oscillation and when it does not. Temporal modeling indicates that, at ultra-low values of J and Rec, the boundary layer and blade vibration interaction can be described as a Lienard (nonlinear) oscillator. The potential mechanism of interaction between blade vibration and rotation, and of their modeling, is discussed.
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Kulkarni, Shank S., Kyoo Sil Choi, and Kevin Simmons. "Coupled Diffusion-Deformation-Damage Model for Polymers Used in Hydrogen Infrastructure." In ASME 2022 17th International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2022-80231.
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Abstract The soft materials used in the infrastructure of hydrogen storage and distribution systems are vulnerable because exposure to high-pressure hydrogen can lead to mechanical damage and property degradation. Polymers are one of the widely used classes of soft materials within hydrogen infrastructure. Many small cavities exist within the polymer material due to their long molecular chains. When exposed to high-pressure hydrogen gas, the gas diffuses through the polymer material and occupies these cavities. When outside hydrogen pressure reduces suddenly, the hydrogen gas inside the cavities does not get enough time to diffuse out as diffusion is a much slower process. Instead, this trapped gas causes blistering or in extreme cases rapture of polymer material. This phenomenon is also known as rapid decompression failure. In this study, a continuum mechanics-based fully coupled diffusion-deformation model with damage is developed to predict the stress distribution and damage propagation while the polymer undergoes rapid decompression failure. The hyperelastic material model, along with the maximum principal strain failure theory, was chosen for this study as it represents the nonlinear material response with sudden failure observed in uniaxial tensile tests perfectly. EPDM polymer was chosen for this study because of its commercial availability and common use in hydrogen storage and distribution system. It has superior mechanical properties, high and low-temperature resistance, and certain compounds work well in hydrogen gas. Stress concentration was observed on the periphery of the cavity at the point closest to the outside surface which lead to damage initiation at the same location. Also, this work showed that the coefficient of diffusion plays an important role in damage initiation. As the value of the coefficient of diffusion increases, the amount of damage decreases due to the higher coefficient of diffusion ensures a safe passage for trapped hydrogen to escape to the atmosphere. This work is useful for design engineers to alter the parameters while manufacturing polymer composites to increase their performance in a high-pressure hydrogen environment.
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Guha, Shekhar, Wenpeng Chen, and Philip Conner. "Effects of absorption, pump depletion, and nonlinear refraction on thermal degenerate four-wave mixing." In OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1987.wi2.
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Degenerate four-wave mixing, arising from the thermal grating effect or other mechanisms such as the Kerr or photorefractive effect, can be described by a set of four coupled differential equations involving the four fields. Analytical solutions to these equations have been presented for cases where either the pump depletion or the effects of absorption were ignored.1 When both the pump depletion and absorption effects were included, a numerical result involving an iterative solution of the differential equations was presented.2 We present here a solution of the coupled-wave equations in which absorption as well as pump depletion effects are taken into account along with nonlinear refraction. The DFWM reflectivity is reduced to a quadrature using a method proposed by Kessel and Musin.3 For special cases of small absorption and no pump depletion, the solution reduces to the expressions presented earlier.4 The method of solution does not involve finding first integrals of the set of differential equations and can be extended to the description of DFWM using other physical mechanisms.
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He, Guangbin, Yanhu Guo, Andrew T. Hsu, A. Brankovic, S. Syed, and N. S. Liu. "The Effect of Schmidt Number on Turbulent Scalar Mixing in a Jet-in-Crossflow." In ASME 1999 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exhibition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/99-gt-137.
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The adequacy and accuracy of the constant Schmidt number assumption in predicting turbulent scalar fields in jet-in-crossflows are assessed in the present work. A round jet injected into a confined crossflow in a rectangular tunnel has been simulated using the Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes equations coupled with the standard k-ε turbulence model. A semi-analytical qualitative analysis was made to guide the selection of Schmidt number values. A series of parametric studies were performed, and Schmidt numbers ranging from 0.2 to 1.5 and jet-to-crossflow momentum flux ratios from 8 to 72 were tested. The principal observation is that the Schmidt number does not have an appreciable effect on the species penetration, but it does have a significant effect on species spreading rate in jet-in-crossflows, especially for the cases where the jet-to-crossflow momentum flux ratios are relatively small. A Schmidt number of 0.2 is recommended for best agreement with data. The limitations of the standard k–ε turbulence model and the constant Schmidt number assumption are discussed.
Reports on the topic "Small Coupled Dots"
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Payment Systems Report - June of 2021. Banco de la República, February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/rept-sist-pag.eng.2021.
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Banco de la República provides a comprehensive overview of Colombia’s finan¬cial infrastructure in its Payment Systems Report, which is an important product of the work it does to oversee that infrastructure. The figures published in this edition of the report are for the year 2020, a pandemic period in which the con¬tainment measures designed and adopted to alleviate the strain on the health system led to a sharp reduction in economic activity and consumption in Colom¬bia, as was the case in most countries. At the start of the pandemic, the Board of Directors of Banco de la República adopted decisions that were necessary to supply the market with ample liquid¬ity in pesos and US dollars to guarantee market stability, protect the payment system and preserve the supply of credit. The pronounced growth in mone¬tary aggregates reflected an increased preference for liquidity, which Banco de la República addressed at the right time. These decisions were implemented through operations that were cleared and settled via the financial infrastructure. The second section of this report, following the introduction, offers an analysis of how the various financial infrastructures in Colombia have evolved and per¬formed. One of the highlights is the large-value payment system (CUD), which registered more momentum in 2020 than during the previous year, mainly be¬cause of an increase in average daily remunerated deposits made with Banco de la República by the General Directorate of Public Credit and the National Treasury (DGCPTN), as well as more activity in the sell/buy-back market with sovereign debt. Consequently, with more activity in the CUD, the Central Securi¬ties Depository (DCV) experienced an added impetus sparked by an increase in the money market for bonds and securities placed on the primary market by the national government. The value of operations cleared and settled through the Colombian Central Counterparty (CRCC) continues to grow, propelled largely by peso/dollar non-deliverable forward (NDF) contracts. With respect to the CRCC, it is important to note this clearing house has been in charge of managing risks and clearing and settling operations in the peso/dollar spot market since the end of last year, following its merger with the Foreign Exchange Clearing House of Colombia (CCDC). Since the final quarter of 2020, the CRCC has also been re¬sponsible for clearing and settlement in the equities market, which was former¬ly done by the Colombian Stock Exchange (BVC). The third section of this report provides an all-inclusive view of payments in the market for goods and services; namely, transactions carried out by members of the public and non-financial institutions. During the pandemic, inter- and intra-bank electronic funds transfers, which originate mostly with companies, increased in both the number and value of transactions with respect to 2019. However, debit and credit card payments, which are made largely by private citizens, declined compared to 2019. The incidence of payment by check contin¬ue to drop, exhibiting quite a pronounced downward trend during the past last year. To supplement to the information on electronic funds transfers, section three includes a segment (Box 4) characterizing the population with savings and checking accounts, based on data from a survey by Banco de la República con-cerning the perception of the use of payment instruments in 2019. There also is segment (Box 2) on the growth in transactions with a mobile wallet provided by a company specialized in electronic deposits and payments (Sedpe). It shows the number of users and the value of their transactions have increased since the wallet was introduced in late 2017, particularly during the pandemic. In addition, there is a diagnosis of the effects of the pandemic on the payment patterns of the population, based on data related to the use of cash in circu¬lation, payments with electronic instruments, and consumption and consumer confidence. The conclusion is that the collapse in the consumer confidence in¬dex and the drop in private consumption led to changes in the public’s pay¬ment patterns. Credit and debit card purchases were down, while payments for goods and services through electronic funds transfers increased. These findings, coupled with the considerable increase in cash in circulation, might indicate a possible precautionary cash hoarding by individuals and more use of cash as a payment instrument. There is also a segment (in Focus 3) on the major changes introduced in regulations on the retail-value payment system in Colombia, as provided for in Decree 1692 of December 2020. The fourth section of this report refers to the important innovations and tech¬nological changes that have occurred in the retail-value payment system. Four themes are highlighted in this respect. The first is a key point in building the financial infrastructure for instant payments. It involves of the design and im¬plementation of overlay schemes, a technological development that allows the various participants in the payment chain to communicate openly. The result is a high degree of interoperability among the different payment service providers. The second topic explores developments in the international debate on central bank digital currency (CBDC). The purpose is to understand how it could impact the retail-value payment system and the use of cash if it were to be issued. The third topic is related to new forms of payment initiation, such as QR codes, bio¬metrics or near field communication (NFC) technology. These seemingly small changes can have a major impact on the user’s experience with the retail-value payment system. The fourth theme is the growth in payments via mobile tele¬phone and the internet. The report ends in section five with a review of two papers on applied research done at Banco de la República in 2020. The first analyzes the extent of the CRCC’s capital, acknowledging the relevant role this infrastructure has acquired in pro¬viding clearing and settlement services for various financial markets in Colom¬bia. The capital requirements defined for central counterparties in some jurisdic¬tions are explored, and the risks to be hedged are identified from the standpoint of the service these type of institutions offer to the market and those associated with their corporate activity. The CRCC’s capital levels are analyzed in light of what has been observed in the European Union’s regulations, and the conclusion is that the CRCC has a scheme of security rings very similar to those applied internationally and the extent of its capital exceeds what is stipulated in Colombian regulations, being sufficient to hedge other risks. The second study presents an algorithm used to identify and quantify the liquidity sources that CUD’s participants use under normal conditions to meet their daily obligations in the local financial market. This algorithm can be used as a tool to monitor intraday liquidity. Leonardo Villar Gómez Governor