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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 29 January 2023

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1

Arluison, Véronique, Cameron Mura, Maria Romero Guzmán, Jean Liquier, Olivier Pellegrini, Mari Gingery, Philippe Régnier, and Sergio Marco. "Three-dimensional Structures of Fibrillar Sm Proteins: Hfq and Other Sm-like Proteins." Journal of Molecular Biology 356, no. 1 (February 2006): 86–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmb.2005.11.010.

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2

Blum, Werner F., Michael B. Ranke, and Jürgen R. Bierich. "Isolation and partial characterization of six somatomedin-like peptides from human plasma Cohn fraction IV." Acta Endocrinologica 111, no. 2 (February 1986): 271–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/acta.0.1110271.

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Abstract. Six somatomedin-like peptides were purified from human plasma Cohn fraction IV by a six-step procedure which included ethanol precipitation, reversed-phase extraction, gel filtration, chromatofocusing and reversed-phase high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). Purification was monitored with a competitive protein binding assay using a crude preparations of somatomedin carrier protein. The peptides isolated were homogeneous by reversed-phase HPLC and sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Their apparent isoelectric points determined by chromatofocusing were 9.2 (Sm I), (Sm II), 8.2 (Sm III), 6.7 (Sm IV), 6.3 (Sm V), and 6.15 (Sm VI). SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions revealed that they are composed of a single peptide chain with apparent molecular weights of 6800 for Sm I, II and IV and 6400 for Sm III, V, and VI. They were equally potent in the porcine costal cartilage in vitro bioassay. The basic peptides (Sm I–III) were significantly more active in radioimmunoassays for somatomedin C (SmC) and insulin-like growth factor I C-peptide (IGF-I (30–41)), while only the slightly acidic peptides were active in a radioimmunoassay for insulin-like growth factor II C-peptide (IGF-II (33–40)). When receptor binding was tested with human placental cell membranes and Sm III as tracer, the basic peptides were significantly more potent than Sm IV–VI. With rat liver cell membranes and Sm V as tracer the slightly acidic peptides were more potent. These findings suggest 1) that human plasma may contain other somatomedin-like peptides besides the major components IGF-I/SmC and IGF-II, and 2) that the basic peptides are structurally related to IGF-I/SmC and the slightly acidic peptides are related to IGF-II.
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3

Cenci, Luca, Luca Pulvirenti, Giorgio Boni, and Nazzareno Pierdicca. "Defining a Trade-off Between Spatial and Temporal Resolution of a Geosynchronous SAR Mission for Soil Moisture Monitoring." Remote Sensing 10, no. 12 (December 4, 2018): 1950. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs10121950.

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The next generation of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) systems could foresee satellite missions based on a geosynchronous orbit (GEO SAR). These systems are able to provide radar images with an unprecedented combination of spatial (≤1 km) and temporal (≤12 h) resolutions. This paper investigates the GEO SAR potentialities for soil moisture (SM) mapping finalized to hydrological applications, and defines the best compromise, in terms of image spatio-temporal resolution, for SM monitoring. A synthetic soil moisture–data assimilation (SM-DA) experiment was thus set up to evaluate the impact of the hydrological assimilation of different GEO SAR-like SM products, characterized by diverse spatio-temporal resolutions. The experiment was also designed to understand if GEO SAR-like SM maps could provide an added value with respect to SM products retrieved from SAR images acquired from satellites flying on a quasi-polar orbit, like Sentinel-1 (POLAR SAR). Findings showed that GEO SAR systems provide a valuable contribution for hydrological applications, especially if the possibility to generate many sub-daily observations is sacrificed in favor of higher spatial resolution. In the experiment, it was found that the assimilation of two GEO SAR-like observations a day, with a spatial resolution of 100 m, maximized the performances of the hydrological predictions, for both streamflow and SM state forecasts. Such improvements of the model performances were found to be 45% higher than the ones obtained by assimilating POLAR SAR-like SM maps.
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4

Urban, S., H. Kresse, and R. Dąbrowski. "Low Frequency Dielectric Relaxation Process in Liquid Crystals with Nematic and Liquid-Like Smectic Phases." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A 52, no. 5 (May 1, 1997): 403–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zna-1997-0505.

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Abstract Results of dielectric studies of the low frequency relaxation process in several substances exhibiting nematic -smectic C polymorphism are presented. They are compared with the data obtained re-cently for substances with nematic-smectic A and nematic-smectic B phase sequences. It was found that the rate of molecular reorientation around the short axes does not change at the transition between the nematic and a liquid-like smectic phase (Sm A, Sm C), whereas it is considerably retarded at that of the nematic-solid-like smectic (Sm B) phase. However, the activation barrier for this motion is markedly lower in the orthogonal smectics (Sm A, Sm B) than in the nematic and Sm C phases. The analysis of numerous experimental data on the activation enthalpy in the nematic phase shows that the Arrhenius equation conforms better with results than the Diogo-Martins approach, if the nematic range exceeds 10 K.
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5

Smith, E. P., T. W. Sadler, and A. J. D'Ercole. "Somatomedins/insulin-like growth factors, their receptors and binding proteins are present during mouse embryogenesis." Development 101, no. 1 (September 1, 1987): 73–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.101.1.73.

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Somatomedins/insulin-like growth factors (Sm/IGFs) are considered to have important roles in regulating fetal growth; however, because of limited quantities of tissue, few studies have been performed on their effects on embryonic growth. To assess a potential role for these factors, we evaluated mouse embryonic tissues for the presence of Sm/IGF and insulin receptors and Sm/IGF-binding proteins by chemical affinity labelling. In addition, we measured extractable Sm-C/IGF-I radioimmunoactivity in mouse embryonic tissues. Finally, we compared these data with those from the embryonal carcinoma cell line, PC13. All embryos from day 9 (3–4 somites) to day 12 (45 somites) possessed both Sm-C/IGF-I and IGF-II receptors in apparent greater abundance than insulin receptors. The visceral yolk sac appeared to have proportionally more insulin receptors than the corresponding embryonic tissue. Extracts from the embryos contained immunoreactive Sm-C/IGF-I and binding proteins of 30–45 X 10(3) Mr. PC13 cells possessed all three receptors and the apparent abundance of the insulin and IGF-II receptors was reduced after differentiation was induced with retinoic acid. PC13 cells released both immunoreactive Sm-C/IGF-I- and Sm-C/IGF-I-binding proteins into their medium. When differentiated, the binding proteins resembled the native ones extracted from the intact embryos. The presence of Sm/IGF activity, receptors and binding proteins in early embryogenesis suggests a role for these factors in embryonic growth. The PC13 cell line appears to only partially reflect normal development.
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6

Singhal, Jai Kumar, Sardar Singh, and Ashok K. Nagawat. "Distinguishing a SM-like MSSM Higgs boson from SM Higgs boson at muon collider." Pramana 68, no. 6 (June 2007): 931–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12043-007-0093-6.

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7

Salgado-Garrido, J. "Sm and Sm-like proteins assemble in two related complexes of deep evolutionary origin." EMBO Journal 18, no. 12 (June 15, 1999): 3451–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/emboj/18.12.3451.

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8

Blum, Werner F., Michael B. Ranke, Brigitte Lechner, and Jürgen R. Bierich. "The polymorphic pattern of somatomedins during human development." Acta Endocrinologica 116, no. 4 (December 1987): 445–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/acta.0.1160445.

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Abstract. Human somatomedins (Sm) are heterogeneous on separation by chromatofocussing. Besides the 'classic' insulin-like growth factor I and II (IGF-I/Sm-C and IGF-II), a number of minor peaks emerge which can be classified as IGF-I/Sm-C-like or as IGF-II-like. The aim of the current study was to investigate whether or not polymorphism of somatomedins is present in individuals and whether or not the polymorphic pattern changes during development. Serum extracts from normal healthy children and adults were fractionated by chromatofocussing and the various somatomedin-like peptides were quantitated by specific radioimmunoassays for IGF-I/Sm-C or IGF-II. The results demonstrate 1) that heterogeneity of somatomedins is a common phenomenon existing in all individuals studied, and 2) that the polymorphic patterns of the IGF-I/Sm-C-family and of the IGF-II-family remain rather stable during development, although minor changes are evident.
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9

Guchait, Monoranjan, and Jacky Kumar. "Light Higgs bosons in NMSSM at the LHC." International Journal of Modern Physics A 31, no. 12 (April 28, 2016): 1650069. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x1650069x.

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The next-to-minimal supersymmetric Standard Model (NMSSM) with an extended Higgs sector offers at least one Higgs boson as the Standard Model (SM)-like Higgs with a mass around 125 GeV. In this work, we revisit the mass spectrum and couplings of non-SM-like Higgs bosons taking into consideration most relevant constraints and identify the relevant parameter space. The discovery potential of these non-SM-like Higgs bosons, apart from their masses, is guided by their couplings with gauge bosons and fermions which are very much parameter space sensitive. We evaluate the rates of productions of these non-SM-like Higgs bosons at the LHC for a variety of decay channels in the allowed region of the parameter space. Although [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] modes appear to be the most promising decay channels, but for a substantial region of parameter space the two-photon decay mode has a remarkably large rate. In this study we emphasize that this diphoton mode can be exploited to find the non-SM-like Higgs bosons of the NMSSM and can also be a potential avenue to distinguish the NMSSM from the MSSM. In addition, we discuss briefly the various detectable signals of these non-SM Higgs bosons at the LHC.
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10

Cao, Bao Wei, and Yun Hua Xu. "Simulated Sun-Light-Driven Degradation of Rhodamine B by Porous Peanut-like Sm-Doped BiVO4 Sub-Microstructures." Applied Mechanics and Materials 423-426 (September 2013): 20–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.423-426.20.

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Porous peanut-like Sm-doped BiVO4 sub-microstructures were synthesized via a hydrothermal process with bismuth nitrate, ammonium metavanadate and Sm (NO3)3 as raw materials. The crystal structures, morphologies, and optical properties of the as-prepared samples were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction, transmission electron microscope, scanning electron microscopy, and UV-visible absorption spectra. Simulated solar light induced photocatalytic degradation of Rhodamine B by porous peanut-like Sm-doped BiVO4 sub-microstructures have been investigated, and results show the 2% Sm-doped BiVO4 porous sub-microstructures with higher photocatalytic activity than other samples.
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11

Bordonné, Rémy. "Functional Characterization of Nuclear Localization Signals in Yeast Sm Proteins." Molecular and Cellular Biology 20, no. 21 (November 1, 2000): 7943–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.20.21.7943-7954.2000.

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ABSTRACT In mammals, nuclear localization of U-snRNP particles requires the snRNA hypermethylated cap structure and the Sm core complex. The nature of the signal located within the Sm core proteins is still unknown, both in humans and yeast. Close examination of the sequences of the yeast SmB, SmD1, and SmD3 carboxyl-terminal domains reveals the presence of basic regions that are reminiscent of nuclear localization signals (NLSs). Fluorescence microscopy studies using green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fusion proteins indicate that both yeast SmB and SmD1 basic amino acid stretches exhibit nuclear localization properties. Accordingly, deletions or mutations in the NLS-like motifs of SmB and SmD1 dramatically reduce nuclear fluorescence of the GFP-Sm mutant fusion alleles. Phenotypic analyses indicate that the NLS-like motifs of SmB and SmD1 are functionally redundant: each NLS-like motif can be deleted without affecting yeast viability whereas a simultaneous deletion of both NLS-like motifs is lethal. Taken together, these findings suggest that, in the doughnut-like structure formed by the Sm core complex, the carboxyl-terminal extensions of Sm proteins may form an evolutionarily conserved basic amino acid-rich protuberance that functions as a nuclear localization determinant.
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12

Akatsu, Chizuru, Kenro Shinagawa, Nobutaka Numoto, Zhihong Liu, Ayse Konuskan Ucar, Mohammad Aslam, Shirly Phoon, et al. "CD72 negatively regulates B lymphocyte responses to the lupus-related endogenous toll-like receptor 7 ligand Sm/RNP." Journal of Experimental Medicine 213, no. 12 (October 24, 2016): 2691–706. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.20160560.

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Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) plays an essential role in development of systemic lupus erythematosus by co-stimulating B cells reactive to the endogenous TLR7 ligand Sm/ribonucleoprotein (RNP), a crucial lupus self-antigen. However, how the TLR7-mediated autoimmune response is regulated is not yet known. In this study, we demonstrate that CD72, an inhibitory B cell co-receptor known to prevent development of lupus, recognizes Sm/RNP at the extracellular C-type lectin-like domain (CTLD) and specifically inhibits B cell response to Sm/RNP. Moreover, the CTLD of CD72c, a lupus-susceptible allele, binds to Sm/RNP less strongly than that of lupus-resistant CD72a. Reduced binding of CD72c is supported by x-ray crystallographic analysis that reveals a considerable alteration in charge at the putative ligand-binding site. Thus, CD72 appears to specifically inhibit B cell response to the endogenous TLR7 ligand Sm/RNP through CTLD-mediated recognition of Sm/RNP, thereby preventing production of anti-Sm/RNP antibody crucial for development of lupus.
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13

Vidal, S., C. Gelpí, and J. L. Rodríguez-Sánchez. "(SWR x SJL)F1 mice: a new model of lupus-like disease." Journal of Experimental Medicine 179, no. 5 (May 1, 1994): 1429–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.179.5.1429.

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During the study of autoimmune models we found that (SWR x SJL)F1 mice (both parental strains with the V beta a phenotype) spontaneously produced immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies directed against Sm/U1 small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs). In some of these females, the presence of these autoantibodies was found as early as 10 wk of age. Their frequency increased with age i.e., 70% at 40 wk. At that time, only 10% of males developed anti-Sm/U1snRNP antibodies. Anti-Sm/U1snRNP antibodies from positive mice generally recognized the peptides BB', D, 70 kD, and A from RNPs. These polypeptides are known to bear the autoantigenic epitopes that are recognized by human sera containing anti-Sm and anti-U1snRNP antibodies. Reactivity of IgG antibodies with the octapeptide sequence PPPGMRPP was also found in 30% of anti-Sm/U1snRNP positive (SWR x SJL)F1 mice that precipitated BB' peptides. This octapeptide has been described as the most immunoreactive linear epitope in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients with anti-Sm and anti-U1snRNP antibodies. Approximately 30% of anti-Sn/U1snRNP positive females, later produced anti-dsDNA antibodies. This fact was accompanied by the development of proteinuria due to glomerulonephritis mediated by immunocomplexes. In addition to the specific autoimmune response, (SWR x SJL)F1 females also showed other immunologic abnormalities such as hypergammaglobulinemia, and an approximately twofold increase in spleen cell number compared with control mice. These results indicate that (SWR x SJL)F1 females develop clinical and serological abnormalities similar to those observed in human SLE and constitute a novel model for the study of the genetic mechanisms that result in autoimmunity.
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14

Kam, Chih-Min, Joe Selzler, Susan M. Schulz, Rudolfo Bongiovanni, and James C. Powers. "Enhanced Serine Protease Activities in the Sulfur Mustard-Exposed Homogenates of Hairless Guinea Pig Skin." International Journal of Toxicology 16, no. 6 (November 1997): 625–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/109158197226937.

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Skin homogenates of hairless guinea pigs exposed percutaneously to sulfur mustard (SM) were investigated by measuring four serine protease activities (elastase, tryptase, chymase, and Asp-ase) using sensitive chromogenic substrates. The homogenate samples from skin area directly exposed to S M showed enhanced elastase activities. The tryptase (trypsin-like enzyme) activity also increased slightly; however, the chymase (chymotrypsin-like enzyme) and Aspase (cleave after aspartic acid) activities did not show any increase. The enhanced elastase activities after SM exposure indicate that inflammation is present in the SM lesions. The inhibitory potency of MeO-Suc-Ala-Ala-Pro-Val-CH2Cl (an elastase inhibitor) and two amidine derivatives (inhibitors of trypsin-like enzyme) was tested against the activities present in samples from both exposed and control tissues. The elastase inhibitor decreased the hydrolysis of elastase substrate in the samples from SM-exposed skin to a greater extent than the samples from control tissues. The two trypsin inhibitors decreased the activity in samples from exposed and control tissues equally well. These substrate and inhibitor studies facilitate the characterization of various proteases affected by SM and may be useful for elucidating the mechanism of SM-induced vesication.
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15

Duffy Bayuong, Patrick, Melor Md Yunus, and Ashairi Suliman. "THE USE OF SOCIAL MEDIA (SM) AMONG PUPILS IN A RURAL PRIMARY SCHOOL IN SARAWAK, MALAYSIA." Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews 7, no. 5 (November 13, 2019): 1272–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.18510/hssr.2019.75166.

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Purpose of the study: This research was conducted to discover primary school pupils’ use of SM in their life. Methodology: Data were collected using a survey research design through the questionnaire. A set of comprises six parts were given to a group of purposive sampling comprises 50 Primary 5 pupils in a rural primary school, Sarawak, Malaysia. Main Findings: Data analysis showed that there were three most used social media by the pupils which are Facebook, WhatsApp, and YouTube. The findings also revealed that 94% of the respondents believed that SM is one of the best ways to practice English, specifically in writing. Moreover, the findings also showed that the respondents (60% - 80%) considered themselves: prefer to use English; like using English; feel comfortable and awesome to write in English on SM; and like to copy the interesting words, phrases or sentence from SM in their books. Applications of this study: The research findings can be referred by other researchers especially educators who conduct researches of the same field. Novelty/Originality of this study: In this research, the focus is placed on studying the use of SM among pupils in a rural primary school in Sarawak, Malaysia.
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16

CHEN, CHING-MING, TIANJUN LI, VAN ERIC MAYES, and D. V. NANOPOULOS. "MSSM-LIKE AdS FLUX VACUA WITH FROZEN OPEN-STRING MODULI." International Journal of Modern Physics A 26, no. 14 (June 10, 2011): 2353–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x11053456.

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We construct supersymmetric Pati–Salam flux vacua in AdS from intersecting D6-branes on T6/(ℤ2 × ℤ′2). The models constructed have three generations of MSSM matter plus right-handed neutrinos. Because the cycles wrapped by the D-branes are rigid there are no extra massless fields in the adjoint representation, arising as open-string moduli. However, we find that it is problematic to break the Pati–Salam gauge symmetry to the Standard Model (SM) while keeping the SM hypercharge massless.
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17

Tao, Jing, Yaru Ni, Chunhua Lu, and Zhongzi Xu. "Harvesting uniform and high bright Sm complex via microwave ultrasound method." Functional Materials Letters 08, no. 01 (February 2015): 1550004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793604715500046.

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The uniform ball-like luminescence down-shifting (LDS) Sm ( TTA )3 Phen materials have been synthesized by microwave ultrasonic method. Microwave ultrasonic plays a synergistic effect of microwave with ultrasonic, including thermal effect, dipole vortex and air bombard make the particles aggregation reach to the lowest energy. Through this method, we successfully synthesised 1–4 μm ball-like uniform Sm ( TTA )3 Phen clusters. The Sm ( TTA )3 Phen can transfer violet light to red-orange flourescence with a feature large Stokes shift and completely avoid self-absorption losses.
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18

Silwal, Suman, and Dale W. Callahan. "Using Social Media Data as Research Data." International Journal for Innovation Education and Research 1, no. 3 (November 30, 2013): 49–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.31686/ijier.vol1.iss3.114.

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Social Media (SM) is becoming a normal part of everyday life. The information generated from Social Media (SM) data is becoming increasingly utilized as a communication channel for market trend, brand awareness, breaking news, and online social interaction between person to person. SM is also rapidly growing and maturing [1]. Further, SM is becoming a reliable tool for interdisciplinary industries like banks, travel, healthcare, biotech, software, sports etc.SM data can also be used as a research tool to apply in different areas of Humanities, Art, Science and Engineering. There are unlimited possibilities using Social Networking Site (SNS) to collect, process and evaluate data. This paper reviews the current state of Social Networking Sites and Text-based Language Processes, and how it can be used to generate valuable information.
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19

Obaid, Ali Ismael, and Kishore Kumar C. K. "The Role of Social and Digital Media on Sport Marketing in Iraq and Its Effect on Football." Journal of Asian Multicultural Research for Social Sciences Study 3, no. 3 (July 12, 2022): 58–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.47616/jamrsss.v3i3.299.

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The purpose of this study is to understand the role of social and digital media on sport marketing and its effect on football in Iraq. This study employed a quantitative approach, with data collected by a questionnaire. Questionnaire was sent to 200 people, and they were all contacted for responses. Most of the respondents use social media (SM) as their favorite over traditional media, which suggests that the influence of SM in the life of Iraqi people is more than traditional media. Maximum respondent use facebook for their social activities through SM. Almost all respondents like, comment or share the SM posts and active on posting messages, watching the ads on SM. SM also helps respondents to get more information and they feel more connected to the brand sponsoring football clubs. Respondents also inspiring SM campaigns of sponsoring football clubs and purchase the product of that company which is promoted by their favourite player or team or club. Thus, SM and digital media plays an important role in sports marketing strategies in Iraq for major retail brands, as it allows consumers to stay update with the latest products as well as their promotions and allows them to engage in a wide range of football events and even hear from their football sport idols
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20

Aboelwafa, Hanaa R., Attalla F. El-kott, Eman M. Abd-Ella, and Hany N. Yousef. "The Possible Neuroprotective Effect of Silymarin against Aluminum Chloride-Prompted Alzheimer’s-Like Disease in Rats." Brain Sciences 10, no. 9 (September 11, 2020): 628. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci10090628.

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Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a worldwide rapidly growing neurodegenerative disease. Here, we elucidated the neuroprotective effects of silymarin (SM) on the hippocampal tissues of aluminum chloride (AlCl3)-induced Alzheimer-like disease in rats using biochemical, histological, and ultrastructural approaches. Forty rats were divided into control, SM, AlCl3, and AlCl3 + SM groups. Biochemically, AlCl3 administration resulted in marked elevation in levels of lipid peroxidation (LPO) and nitric oxide (NO) and decrease in levels of reduced glutathione (GSH), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Moreover, AlCl3 significantly increased tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1beta (IL-1β), and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activities. Furthermore, myriad histological and ultrastructural alterations were recorded in the hippocampal tissues of AlCl3-treated rats represented as marked degenerative changes of pyramidal neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes. Additionally, some myelinated nerve fibers exhibited irregular arrangement of their myelin coats, while the others revealed focal degranulation of their myelin sheaths. Severe defects in the blood–brain barrier (BBB) were also recorded. However, co-administration of SM with AlCl3 reversed most of the biochemical, histological, and ultrastructural changes triggered by AlCl3 in rats. The results of the current study indicate that SM can potentially mend most of the previously evoked neuronal damage in the hippocampal tissues of AlCl3-kindled rats.
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21

Palomares, Emilio, Laurent Billon, and Aurelien Viterisi. "Crystallinity and Molecular Packing of Small Molecules in Bulk-Heterojunction Organic Solar Cells." Applied Sciences 12, no. 11 (June 3, 2022): 5683. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12115683.

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Crystallinity has played a major role in organic solar cells (OSCs). In small molecule (SM) bulk-heterojunction (BHJ) OSCs, the crystallinity and crystalline packing of SM donors have been shown to have a dramatic impact on the formation of an optimum microstructure leading to high-power conversion efficiency (PCE). Herein we describe how crystallinity differs from polymers to SMs, and how the packing habits of SMs (particularly donors) in active layers of BHJ devices can be described as following two different main modes: a single crystal-like and a liquid crystal-like packing type. This notion is reviewed from a chronological perspective, emphasising milestone donor structures and studies focusing on the crystallinity in SM-BHJ OSCs. This review intends to demonstrate that a shift towards a liquid crystalline-like packing can be identified throughout the history of SM-BHJ, and that this shift can be associated with an increase in overall PCE.
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22

Moll, Isabella, David Leitsch, Tanja Steinhauser, and Udo Bläsi. "RNA chaperone activity of the Sm‐like Hfq protein." EMBO reports 4, no. 3 (February 21, 2003): 284–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.embor.embor772.

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23

Ginzburg, I. F., M. Krawczyk, and P. Osland. "Potential of Photon Collider in resolving SM-like scenarios." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 472, no. 1-2 (October 2001): 149–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0168-9002(01)01174-3.

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24

Fender, A., J. Elf, K. Hampel, B. Zimmermann, and E. G. H. Wagner. "RNAs actively cycle on the Sm-like protein Hfq." Genes & Development 24, no. 23 (December 1, 2010): 2621–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/gad.591310.

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25

Shimizu, Yukihiro, Osamu Sakai, and Tadao Kasuya. "Theory of the Kondo effect for Sm-like systems." Physica B: Condensed Matter 163, no. 1-3 (April 1990): 401–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0921-4526(90)90224-i.

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26

Zhao, Jun. "The Higgs properties in the MSSM after the LHC Run-2." International Journal of Modern Physics A 33, no. 11 (April 20, 2018): 1841001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x18410014.

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We scrutinize the parameter space of the SM-like Higgs boson in the minimal supersymmetric standard model (MSSM) under current experimental constraints. The constraints are from (i) the precision electroweak data and various flavor observables; (ii) the direct 22 separate ATLAS searches in Run-1; (iii) the latest LHC Run-2 Higgs data and tri-lepton search of electroweakinos. We perform a scan over the parameter space and find that the Run-2 data can further exclude a part of parameter space. For the property of the SM-like Higgs boson, its gauge couplings further approach to the SM values with a deviation below 0.1%, while its Yukawa couplings [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] can still sizably differ from the SM predictions by several tens percent.
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27

MUŠEVIČ, I., B. ŽEKŠ, R. BLINC, and TH RASING. "FERROELECTRIC LIQUID CRYSTALS: FROM THE PLANE WAVE TO THE MULTISOLITON LIMIT." International Journal of Modern Physics B 09, no. 18n19 (August 30, 1995): 2321–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979295000902.

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In the presence of external fields or in restricted geometries, the originally continuous helical symmetry of the Sm C* phase is broken by the appearence of field- or geometry-induced soliton-like domain walls. As a result of this symmetry breaking, a crossover between the plane-wave-like and soliton-like regime occurs in both static and dynamic properties which is responsible for some remarkable phenomena such as field-induced optical biaxiality or a field-induced band structure of collective excitations. Whereas we find in the plane-wave-like regime a degenerate soft mode which splits below the Sm A→Sm C* transition into a symmetry recovering Goldstone-phason-mode and an amplitudon mode, we find in the soliton regime a splitting of the phason mode into acoustic and optic-like branches separated by a band gap. Within the same framework we also discuss other remarkable and extraordinary properties such as reentrant phases, Lifshitz points, one dimensional photonic band gaps and thickness dependent phase diagrams.
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28

Fromont-Racine, Micheline, Andrew E. Mayes, Adeline Brunet-Simon, Jean-Christophe Rain, Alan Colley, Ian Dix, Laurence Decourty, et al. "Genome-Wide Protein Interaction Screens Reveal Functional Networks Involving Sm-Like Proteins." Yeast 1, no. 2 (January 1, 2000): 95–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2000/919260.

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A set of seven structurally related Sm proteins forms the core of the snRNP particles containing the spliceosomal U1, U2, U4 and U5 snRNAs. A search of the genomic sequence of Saccharomyces cerevisiae has identified a number of open reading frames that potentially encode structurally similar proteins termed Lsm (L¯ike Sm¯) proteins. With the aim of analysing all possible interactions between the Lsm proteins and any protein encoded in the yeast genome, we performed exhaustive and iterative genomic two-hybrid screens, starting with the Lsm proteins as baits. Indeed, extensive interactions amongst eight Lsm proteins were found that suggest the existence of a Lsm complex or complexes. These Lsm interactions apparently involve the conserved Sm domain that also mediates interactions between the Sm proteins. The screens also reveal functionally significant interactions with splicing factors, in particular with Prp4 and Prp24, compatible with genetic studies and with the reported association of Lsm proteins with spliceosomal U6 and U4/U6 particles. In addition, interactions with proteins involved in mRNA turnover, such as Mrt1, Dcp1, Dcp2 and Xrn1, point to roles for Lsm complexes in distinct RNA metabolic processes, that are confirmed in independent functional studies. These results provide compelling evidence that two-hybrid screens yield functionally meaningful information about protein–protein interactions and can suggest functions for uncharacterized proteins, especially when they are performed on a genome-wide scale.
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29

Fromont-Racine, Micheline, Andrew E. Mayes, Adeline Brunet-Simon, Jean-Christophe Rain, Alan Colley, Ian Dix, Laurence Decourty, et al. "Genome-Wide Protein Interaction Screens Reveal Functional Networks Involving Sm-Like Proteins." Yeast 1, no. 2 (2000): 95–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1097-0061(20000630)17:2<95::aid-yea16>3.0.co;2-h.

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A set of seven structurally related Sm proteins forms the core of the snRNP particles containing the spliceosomal U1, U2, U4 and U5 snRNAs. A search of the genomic sequence ofSaccharomyces cerevisiaehas identified a number of open reading frames that potentially encode structurally similar proteins termed Lsm (L¯ike Sm¯) proteins. With the aim of analysing all possible interactions between the Lsm proteins and any protein encoded in the yeast genome, we performed exhaustive and iterative genomic two-hybrid screens, starting with the Lsm proteins as baits. Indeed, extensive interactions amongst eight Lsm proteins were found that suggest the existence of a Lsm complex or complexes. These Lsm interactions apparently involve the conserved Sm domain that also mediates interactions between the Sm proteins. The screens also reveal functionally significant interactions with splicing factors, in particular with Prp4 and Prp24, compatible with genetic studies and with the reported association of Lsm proteins with spliceosomal U6 and U4/U6 particles. In addition, interactions with proteins involved in mRNA turnover, such as Mrt1, Dcp1, Dcp2 and Xrn1, point to roles for Lsm complexes in distinct RNA metabolic processes, that are confirmed in independent functional studies. These results provide compelling evidence that two-hybrid screens yield functionally meaningful information about protein–protein interactions and can suggest functions for uncharacterized proteins, especially when they are performed on a genome-wide scale.
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30

Guo, Wei, Xuedong Guo, Xing Chen, and Wenting Dai. "Properties Analysis of Oil Shale Waste as Partial Aggregate Replacement in Open Grade Friction Course." Applied Sciences 8, no. 9 (September 12, 2018): 1626. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app8091626.

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Open graded friction course (OGFC) is a high permeable mixture used to reduce noise, improve friction. However, limitations with the use of OGFC are due to the relatively low strength and stiffness. Therefore, investigating environmental and economic benefits, as well as service life of OGFC technology is the future of the pavement. In this study, a new modified OGFC (SM-OGFC) was prepared by replacing the fine aggregate below 4.75 mm in OGFC with the oil shale waste (OSW), and the silane coupling agent modifier was used to assist modification. The preparation process of SM-OGFC was optimized by central composite design, to obtain an SM-OGFC with the best mechanical properties. The Marshall test, rutting test, −15 °C splitting test, −10 °C beam bending test, immersion Marshall test, spring-thawing stability test, Cantabro test and permeability test were conducted to evaluate the properties of SM-OGFC. The results prove that SM-OGFC has excellent overall performance in comparison with OGFC and styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) modified OGFC. Furthermore, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) observation illustrates that the unique laminar columnar connected structure and cell-like structure antennae of OSW could be the main reasons why SM-OGFC obtained excellent performance. Furthermore, economic analysis indicated that the SM-OGFC mixture had higher cost effectiveness.
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31

Wang, J. J., and C. S. Teng. "Demonstration of somatomedin c/insulin-like growth factor I (SM-C/IFG-I) and growth hormone (GH) bindings on chick embryo tissues." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 46 (1988): 384–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s042482010010398x.

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The presence of SM-C/IGF-I has been described on chick embryo tissues. The binding of endogenous GH on Mullerian ducts (Mds) has been detected previously. Recently, the presence of SM/IGF and SM/IGF receptors were identified in 9-12 day-old mouse embryos. These evidences indicate that SM-C/IGF-I and GH are involved in embryonic development.Antiserum against porcine GH and anti-SM-C/IGF-I antibody were used as primary antibodies for immunocytochemical labelling probes by the avidin-biotin complex (ABC)-gold technique. There is no or very weak cross reactions between these two antibodies by ELISA. Chick embryos and Mds were fixed in 2.5% glutaraldehyde for 30 minutes. Washes with phosphate buffer were administered between each of the following incubations: 1. 2% bovine serum albumin, 2. Primary antibody (1/200 dilution), 3. Biotinated secondary antibody (1/100), 4. Avidin conjugated with gold particles (1/50). The 10-day Mds were double labelled with SM-C/IGF-I-gold and then with MIS-peroxidase (MIS-PO) as described before.
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32

Zaric, Bozidarka, Mohamed Chami, Hervé Rémigy, Andreas Engel, Kurt Ballmer-Hofer, Fritz K. Winkler, and Christian Kambach. "Reconstitution of Two Recombinant LSm Protein Complexes Reveals Aspects of Their Architecture, Assembly, and Function." Journal of Biological Chemistry 280, no. 16 (February 11, 2005): 16066–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.m414481200.

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Sm and Sm-like (LSm) proteins form complexes engaging in various RNA-processing events. Composition and architecture of the complexes determine their intracellular distribution, RNA targets, and function. We have reconstituted the human LSm1–7 and LSm2–8 complexes from their constituent componentsin vitro. Based on the assembly pathway of the canonical Sm core domain, we used heterodimeric and heterotrimeric sub-complexes to assemble LSm1–7 and LSm2–8. Isolated sub-complexes form ring-like higher order structures. LSm1–7 is assembled and stable in the absence of RNA. LSm1–7 forms ring-like structures very similar to LSm2–8 at the EM level. Ourin vitroreconstitution results illustrate likely features of the LSm complex assembly pathway. We prove the complexes to be functional both in an RNA bandshift and anin vivocellular transport assay.
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Wo, Tianbin, Meelis Noemm, Dapeng Hao, and Peter Adam Hoeher. "Iterative Processing for Superposition Mapping." Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering 2010 (2010): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/706464.

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Superposition mapping (SM) is a modulation technique which loads bit tuples onto data symbols simply via linear superposition. Since the resulting data symbols are often Gaussian-like, SM has a good theoretical potential to approach the capacity of Gaussian channels. On the other hand, the symbol constellation is typically nonbijective and its characteristic is very different from that of conventional mapping schemes like QAM or PSK. As a result, its behavior is also quite different from conventional mapping schemes, particularly when applied in the framework of bit-interleaved coded modulation. In this paper, a comprehensive analysis is provided for SM, with particular focus on aspects related to iterative processing.
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34

Yamada, Yoshiyuki, Jose A. Cancelas, Eric B. Brandt, Abel Sanchez-Aguilera, Melissa McBride, Nabel J. H. Al-Moamen, Fred Finkelman, David A. Williams, and Marc E. Rothenberg. "FIP1L1/PDGFRa Synergizes with SCF/c-Kit Signaling To Induce Systemic Mastocytosis in a Chronic Eosinophilic Leukemia Murine Model." Blood 110, no. 11 (November 16, 2007): 1540. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v110.11.1540.1540.

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Abstract Systemic mastocytosis (SM) associated with chronic eosinophilic leukemia (CEL)/hypereosinophilic syndrome (HES) is a result of expression of the Fip1-like1 (FIP1L1)/platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha (PDGFRa) (F/P) fusion gene. We have previously described a murine CEL/HES model (CEL-like mice) induced by F/P fusion gene transduction and T-cell overexpression of IL-5 (Yamada Y et al., Blood 2006). We have now validated a preclinical murine model of F/P-induced SM/CEL and analyzed the pathogenesis of SM in this model. F/P+ mast cells (MC, defined as EGFP+/c-kit+/FceRI+) were significantly increased in the small intestine, bone marrow (BM) and spleen of CEL-like mice compared to wild-type mice (Table). CEL-like mice also developed cutaneous MC infiltration. In addition, mMCP-1 serum levels, which correlate well with MC expansion and activation in vivo, were significantly higher in CEL-like mice than in wild-type mice (64,000 ± 23,800 and 38 ± 41.4 pg/ml, respectively). F/P induces increased expansion of BM-derived MC in vitro (∼2,000-fold) and F/P+ BM-derived MC survive longer than wild-type MC in cytokine-deprived medium (28.0 ± 2.3% vs. 8.7 ± 3.1% 7AAD−/Annexin V− cells after 48 hours). This correlated with increased Akt phosphorylation in the F/P+ MC. Since c-kit mutations are the most frequent cause of SM, we analyzed the possible synergistic role of SCF and F/P signaling. F/P and SCF/c-kit signaling indeed synergize in the development of BM-derived MC (16-fold greater expansion than in the absence of SCF) and F/P+ BM-derived MC showed a 3.7-fold greater migratory response to SCF than wild-type BM-derived MC. In order to determine the role of SCF/c-kit signaling in F/P+ MC development, activation and tissue infiltration in vivo,these responses were evaluated in mice that were treated with a blocking anti-c-kit blocking antibody, ACK-2, or an isotype-matched control antibody. ACK-2 treatment suppressed intestinal MC infiltration and elevated plasma levels of mMCP-1 induced by F/P expression by 95 ± 6.0% and 98 ± 0.76%, respectively, whereas MC and plasma mMCP-1 were completely undetectable in wild-type mice treated with ACK2. This suggests that SCF/c-kit interactions may synergize with F/P to induce SM. In summary, mice with CEL-like disease also develop SM. F/P-induced SM is a result of increased in vivo MC proliferation, survival, activation and tissue infiltration. SCF/c-kit signaling synergizes with F/P in vivo and in vitro to promote mast cell development, activation and survival. EGFP+/c-kit+/FcεRI+ cell frequency in tissues of control and CEL-like mice (%) Control mice CEL-like mice Small intestine 1.0±0.95 47±21.4* Bone marrow 0.2±0.14 3±1.9* Spleen 0.05±0.01 3±0.8*
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Nie, Xiao Meng, and Yong Quan Guo. "Structures and Optical Properties of Sm-Doped CuInTe2 Semiconductor." Advanced Materials Research 1094 (March 2015): 218–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1094.218.

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Since the rare earth based compounds have shown excellent properties such as luminescence and photo-electric transformation effect due to their 4f electronic structures. A novel Sm-doped CuIn1-xSmxTe2 semiconducting compounds have been designed and their crystal structures, microstructures and optical properties have been investigated using X-ray diffraction(XRD), scan electron microscopy (SEM), ultraviolet and visible spectrophotometer and Raman scattering. The results reveal that the doping of samarium into CuInTe2 (CIT) could stabilize the chalcopyrite structure, the lattice parameters shows fluctuation phenomenon with doping Sm in CIT. The SEM morphologies show that the grains tend to be agglomeration and form the column-like or the flake-like single crystals. The band gap Eg are corresponding to 1.25eV and 1.32eV before and after doping Sm with 0.1 mole into CuInTe2. Raman scattering analysis proves that Sm significantly adjusts the atomic vibrating models, and result in the losses of some vibrating peaks. It reveals that doping of Sm into CuInTe2 is helpful for the absorption of spectra with special frequencies.
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36

Arciniegas, E., A. B. Sutton, T. D. Allen, and A. M. Schor. "Transforming growth factor beta 1 promotes the differentiation of endothelial cells into smooth muscle-like cells in vitro." Journal of Cell Science 103, no. 2 (October 1, 1992): 521–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jcs.103.2.521.

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Alpha-smooth muscle actin is considered a reliable marker for distinguishing between arterial smooth muscle and endothelial cells. Several authors have reported heterogeneity in the expression of this actin isoform in atherosclerotic lesions. Such heterogeneity appears to result from the presence of different smooth muscle cell phenotypes (contractile and synthetic) in these lesions. In the present study, we show that bovine aortic endothelial cells, which are characterised by the presence of Factor VIII-related antigen (FVIII) and by the absence of alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SM actin) may be induced to express the latter when exposed to TGF-beta 1. FVIII was detected by immunofluorescence, alpha-SM actin was detected by immunofluorescence and immunoblotting. The number of cells expressing alpha-SM actin increased with time of incubation with TGF-beta 1, and this increase occurred concomitantly with a decrease in the expression of FVIII. Double immunofluorescence demonstrated the presence of cells that expressed both FVIII and alpha-SM actin after 5 days of incubation with TGF-beta 1. With longer incubation times (10-20 days) the loss of FVIII expression was complete and over 90% of the cells expressed alpha-SM actin. Ultrastructurally, cells in control cultures showed the typical features of endothelial cells. In the TGF-beta 1-treated cultures, cells which appeared indistinguishable from contractile and synthetic smooth muscle cells were observed. Withdrawal of TGF-beta 1 after 10 days incubation resulted in the re-appearance of polygonal cells which were FVIII-positive and alpha-SM actin-negative.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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37

Yu, Haijia, Chong Shen, Yinghui Liu, Bridget L. Menasche, Yan Ouyang, Michael H. B. Stowell, and Jingshi Shen. "SNARE zippering requires activation by SNARE-like peptides in Sec1/Munc18 proteins." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115, no. 36 (August 20, 2018): E8421—E8429. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1802645115.

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Soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptors (SNAREs) catalyze membrane fusion by forming coiled-coil bundles between membrane bilayers. The SNARE bundle zippers progressively toward the membranes, pulling the lipid bilayers into close proximity to fuse. In this work, we found that the +1 and +2 layers in the C-terminal domains (CTDs) of SNAREs are dispensable for reconstituted SNARE-mediated fusion reactions. By contrast, all CTD layers are required for fusion reactions activated by the cognate Sec1/Munc18 (SM) protein or a synthetic Vc peptide derived from the vesicular (v-) SNARE, correlating with strong acceleration of fusion kinetics. These results suggest a similar mechanism underlying the stimulatory functions of SM proteins and Vc peptide in SNARE-dependent membrane fusion. Unexpectedly, we identified a conserved SNARE-like peptide (SLP) in SM proteins that structurally and functionally resembles Vc peptide. Like Vc peptide, SLP binds and activates target (t-) SNAREs, accelerating the fusion reaction. Disruption of the t-SNARE–SLP interaction inhibits exocytosis in vivo. Our findings demonstrated that a t-SNARE–SLP intermediate must form before SNAREs can drive efficient vesicle fusion.
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38

Tritschler, Felix, Ana Eulalio, Vincent Truffault, Marcus D. Hartmann, Sigrun Helms, Steffen Schmidt, Murray Coles, Elisa Izaurralde, and Oliver Weichenrieder. "A Divergent Sm Fold in EDC3 Proteins Mediates DCP1 Binding and P-Body Targeting." Molecular and Cellular Biology 27, no. 24 (October 8, 2007): 8600–8611. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.01506-07.

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ABSTRACT Members of the (L)Sm (Sm and Sm-like) protein family are found across all kingdoms of life and play crucial roles in RNA metabolism. The P-body component EDC3 (enhancer of decapping 3) is a divergent member of this family that functions in mRNA decapping. EDC3 is composed of a N-terminal LSm domain, a central FDF domain, and a C-terminal YjeF-N domain. We show that this modular architecture enables EDC3 to interact with multiple components of the decapping machinery, including DCP1, DCP2, and Me31B. The LSm domain mediates DCP1 binding and P-body localization. We determined the three-dimensional structures of the LSm domains of Drosophila melanogaster and human EDC3 and show that the domain adopts a divergent Sm fold that lacks the characteristic N-terminal α-helix and has a disrupted β4-strand. This domain remains monomeric in solution and lacks several features that canonical (L)Sm domains require for binding RNA. The structures also revealed a conserved patch of surface residues that are required for the interaction with DCP1 but not for P-body localization. The conservation of surface and of critical structural residues indicates that LSm domains in EDC3 proteins adopt a similar fold that has separable novel functions that are absent in canonical (L)Sm proteins.
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39

KIM, C. S., SECHUL OH, and YEO WOONG YOON. "IS THERE ANY PUZZLE OF NEW PHYSICS IN B → Kπ DECAYS?" International Journal of Modern Physics A 23, no. 21 (August 20, 2008): 3296–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x08042006.

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Due to re-parametrization invariance of decay amplitudes, any single new physics (NP) amplitude arising through either the electro-weak penguin (EWP) or the color-suppressed tree amplitude can be embedded simultaneously into both the color-suppressed tree and the EWP contribution in B → Kπ decays. We present a systematic method to extract each standard model (SM)-like hadronic parameter as well as new physics parameters in analytic way, so that one can pinpoint them once experimental data are given. Using the currently available experimental data for B → Kπ modes, we find two possible analytic results: one showing the large SM-like color-suppressed tree contribution and the other showing the large SM-like EWP contribution. The magnitude of the NP amplitude and its weak phase are quite large. For instance, we find |PNP/P′| = 0.39 ± 0.13, φNP = 92° ± 15° and δNP = 7° ± 26°, which are the ratio of the NP-to-SM contribution, the weak and the strong phase of the NP amplitude, respectively. We also investigate the dependence of the NP contribution on the weak phase γ and the mixing induced CP asymmetry of B0 → KSπ0, respectively
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40

Zhu, Bin, Nian Gong, Hui Fan, Chong-Sheng Peng, Xiu-Juan Ding, Yi Jiang, and Yong-Xiang Wang. "Lamiophlomis rotata, an Orally Available Tibetan Herbal Painkiller, Specifically Reduces Pain Hypersensitivity States through the Activation of Spinal Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptors." Anesthesiology 121, no. 4 (October 1, 2014): 835–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/aln.0000000000000320.

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Abstract Background: Lamiophlomis rotata is an orally available Tibetan herb prescribed for the management of pain, with shanzhiside methylester (SM) and 8-O-acetyl-SM as quality control ingredients. This study aimed to evaluate the antinociceptive properties of L. rotata, determine whether SM and 8-O-acetyl-SM are principle effective ingredients, and explore whether L. rotata produces antinociception through activation of spinal glucagon-like peptide-1 receptors (GLP-1Rs). Methods: Formalin test, neuropathic pain, and bone cancer pain models were used, and the animal sample size was 5 to 6 in each group. Hydrogen peroxide–induced oxidative damage was also assayed. Results: The L. rotata aqueous extract blocked formalin-induced tonic hyperalgesia and peripheral nerve injury– and bone cancer–induced mechanical allodynia by 50 to 80%, with half-effective doses of 130 to 250 mg/kg, close to the human dosage. The herb was not effective in alleviating acute nociceptive pain. A 7-day gavage with L. rotata aqueous extract did not lead to antiallodynic tolerance. Total iridoid glycosides, rather than total flavonoids, were identified by the activity-tracking method as effective ingredients for antihyperalgesia, whereas both SM and 8-O-acetyl-SM were principal components. Further demonstrations using the GLP-1R antagonist and gene silencer against GLP-1R at both the spinal and the cellular levels indicated that L. rotata inhibited pain hyperactivity by activation of spinal GLP-1Rs, and SM and 8-O-acetyl-SM appeared to be orthosteric, reversible, and fully intrinsic agonists of both rat and human GLP-1Rs. Conclusions: Results support the notion that the activation of spinal GLP-1Rs leads to specific antinociception in pain hypersensitivity and further suggest that GLP-1R is a human-validated target molecule for the treatment of chronic pain.
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41

Watanabe, N., R. G. Rosenfeld, R. L. Hintz, L. A. Dollar, and R. L. Smith. "Characterization of a specific insulin-like growth factor-I/somatomedin-C receptor on high density, primary monolayer cultures of bovine articular chondrocytes: regulation of receptor concentration by somatomedin, insulin and growth hormone." Journal of Endocrinology 107, no. 2 (November 1985): 275–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/joe.0.1070275.

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ABSTRACT In order to obtain a phenotypically stable cell population of chondrocytes, high density primary monolayer cultures of bovine articular chondrocytes were established. Using these cultures, a specific insulin-like growth factor-I/somatomedin-C (IGF-I/SM-C) receptor was demonstrated and characterized. At 15 °C steady-state binding was attained by 5 h, and averaged 25% per 2·2 × 106 cells. Fifty per cent displacement of 125I-labelled IGF-I/SM-C by unlabelled IGF-I/SM-C occurred at concentrations of only 2·3 ng/ml, whereas IGF-II and porcine insulin were approximately 15-and 1000-fold less potent respectively. Scatchard analysis gave a linear plot, with a calculated association constant of 2·26 × 109 l/mol and a receptor number of 15 400 sites per cell. Preincubation of chondrocyte monolayers with either IGF-I/SM-C or porcine insulin at 37 °C for 20 h resulted in reduction of 125I-labelled IGF-I/SM-C binding in a dose-dependent manner, although higher concentrations were required with insulin. More than 40% down-regulation of the receptor occurred with IGF-I/SM-C at concentrations of 10 nmol/l and nearly 70% reduction at 50 nmol/l. Interestingly, after preincubation with either human (h) or bovine (b)GH, 40% down-regulation of 125I-labelled IGF-I/SM-C binding was observed at concentrations of 10 μmol/l. Local production of IGF-I/SM-C by chondrocytes in response to GH stimulation may have occurred, but, because only 120 pmol IGF-I/SM-C and < 30 pmol IGF-I/SM-C per litre were recovered from serum-free conditioned media preincubated with bGH and hGH respectively, this was not established. These studies demonstrate that cultured bovine articular chondrocytes possess a highly specific IGF-I/SM-C receptor, and that this receptor population is regulated not only by IGF-I/SM-C and insulin but also by high concentrations of either hGH or bGH. These results are consistent with the growth-promoting action of IGF-I/SM-C on skeletal tissues, and suggest the possibility that GH itself may play its own role to modulate IGF-I/SM-C receptors on chondrocytes. J. Endocr. (1985) 107, 275–283
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42

Bouveret, E. "A Sm-like protein complex that participates in mRNA degradation." EMBO Journal 19, no. 7 (April 3, 2000): 1661–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/emboj/19.7.1661.

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43

Dos santos-García, A. J., J. Van Duijn, and M. Á. Alario-Franco. "Spin-glass-like behaviour in IrSr2RECu2O8 (RE=Sm and Eu)." Journal of Solid State Chemistry 181, no. 12 (December 2008): 3317–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jssc.2008.09.005.

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44

Pannone, Barbara K., and Sandra L. Wolin. "RNA degradation: Sm-like proteins wRING the neck of mRNA." Current Biology 10, no. 13 (June 2000): R478—R481. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0960-9822(00)00552-2.

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45

Ghilencea, D. M. "U(1) masses in intersecting D-brane SM-like models." Nuclear Physics B 648, no. 1-2 (January 2003): 215–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0550-3213(02)00977-x.

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46

Doxzen, Kevin W. "The Role of Sm-Like Protein Hfq in RNA Annealing." Biophysical Journal 100, no. 3 (February 2011): 231a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bpj.2010.12.1476.

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47

Tharun, Sundaresan, Weihai He, Andrew E. Mayes, Pascal Lennertz, Jean D. Beggs, and Roy Parker. "Yeast Sm-like proteins function in mRNA decapping and decay." Nature 404, no. 6777 (March 2000): 515–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/35006676.

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48

ZHANG, YING, MUYING WU, and W. F. ZHANG. "ENHANCED PHOTOLUMINESCENCE OF Sm3+/Bi3+ CO-DOPED La2O3 NANOPHOSPHORS BY COMBUSTION SYNTHESIS." Modern Physics Letters B 24, no. 04n05 (February 20, 2010): 475–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984910022548.

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Nanosized La 2 O 3: Sm 3+ and La 2 O 3: Sm 3+, Bi 3+ phosphor powders were prepared via combustion synthesis. The structures and morphology were examined using powder X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscope, respectively. The photoluminescence spectra were investigated at different doping concentrations of Sm 3+ and Bi 3+ ions. The results indicate that La 2 O 3: Sm 3+ ( Bi 3+) exhibited good crystallinity and spherical-like particles. All phosphors give emission bands centered at 564, 608 and 650 nm corresponding to 4 G 5/2→6 H J ( J =5/2, 7/2 and 9/2) transitions of Sm 3+ ions, respectively. Interestingly, the emission intensity of Sm 3+ ions is significantly enhanced with the addition of Bi 3+ ions to La 2 O 3: Sm 3+ and the maximum occurs at a Bi 3+ concentration of 0.8 mol%. The La 2 O 3: Sm 3+, Bi 3+ phosphor with highly enhanced luminescence is very encouraging for applications in display and tunable solid lasers.
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49

Loufouilou, Edouard Laurent, and Jean Paul Gisselbrecht. "Stepwise reduction of samarium cryptates in propylene carbonate: anions and water concentration effects on the redox behavior of the Sm(III)/Sm(II) couple." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 66, no. 9 (September 1, 1988): 2172–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v88-345.

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The polarographic reduction of samarium(III) cryptates with cryptands 222, 221, and 22 was investigated in propylene carbonate. The samarium(III) cryptates are reduced in two consecutive steps, the first step was reversible and corresponded to the reduction of the Sm(III) to the Sm(II) cryptate. The Sm(III)/Sm(II) redox potential of the cryptates depended on the anion used in the complex and, in the case of the cryptate with chloride anions, a stable mixed complex was observed in propylene carbonate. The Sm(III)/Sm(II) redox potentials of the cryptates were more cathodic than the redox potential of the uncomplexed Sm(III)/Sm(II) couple, which is typical of a lower stability of the reduced cryptate. Propylene carbonate does not stabilize low oxidation states of lanthanides by cryptation. This is at variance with behavior observed previously in other media like water and methanol. Variations of redox potentials as a function of increasing amounts of water were accounted for by solvent shielding of samarium(III) upon encapsulation in cryptands.
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50

Li, Ruo-Yan, Xiao-Xin An, Ji-Fa Wang, Hao-Ran Mu, You-Peng Zhang, Yang Zhang, and Wen-Kui Dong. "A Self-Assembled Hetero-Bimetallic [Ni(II)-Sm(III)] Coordination Polymer Constructed from a Salamo-Like Ligand and 4,4′-Bipyridine: Synthesis, Structural Characterization, and Properties." Crystals 10, no. 7 (July 4, 2020): 579. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst10070579.

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Abstract:
An unusual self-assembled hetero-bimetallic [Ni(II)-Sm(III)] coordination polymer, [Ni(L)Sm(NO3)3(4,4′-bipy)]n, is prepared through a hexadentate chelating ligand 2,2′-[1,2-ethylenedioxybis(nitrilomethylidyne)]diphenol (H2L). The Ni(II)-Sm(III) coordination polymer is validated through elemental analyses, Fourier-transform infrared and UV-Visible spectroscopies, and X-ray single-crystal diffraction. The Ni(II) atom forms a twisted six-coordinated octahedron, and the Sm(III) atom is ten-coordinated, adopting a twisted bicapped square antiprism. An infinite three-dimensional-layer supramolecular structure is obtained through extensive π···π stacking and intermolecular hydrogen bonding interactions. The polymer has a good antibacterial effect against Staphylococcus aureus.
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