Relevant bibliographies by topics / Slum community

Academic literature on the topic 'Slum community'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 20 February 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Slum community"

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Obaitor, Olabisi S., Taibat O. Lawanson, Marion Stellmes, and Tobia Lakes. "Social Capital: Higher Resilience in Slums in the Lagos Metropolis." Sustainability 13, no. 7 (April 1, 2021): 3879. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13073879.

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Different slums exhibit different levels of resilience against the threat of eviction. However, little is known about the role of the social capital of the slum community in this context. This study investigates the factors contributing to slum resilience in the Lagos Metropolis, Nigeria, through a social capital lens. This study first investigates land allocation in slums, then the available social capital, and subsequently how this capital influences resilience to the threat of eviction in slums. Data were collected in two slum communities, in Lagos, through in-depth interviews and focus groups discussion. This study shows that land allocation is done by the traditional heads, contrarily to the mandate of the Nigeria Land Use Act of 1978. Furthermore, there is a form of structural social capital through the presence of government registered community development associations in the slums; however, their activities, decision-making process and the perception of the residents’ towards their respective associations, differs. This led to differences in trust, social cohesion and bonding ties among residents of the slum, thereby influencing resilience to the threat of eviction in slums. Since community group associations, through the appointed executives, drive the efficient utilization of social capital in slums, this study therefore recommends their restructuring in order to support a sustainable solution to the threat of eviction in slums in Lagos.
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Demartoto, Argyo, and Akhmad Ramdhon. "Community Driven Development in Slum Management in Covid-19 Era." E3S Web of Conferences 317 (2021): 01063. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202131701063.

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Covid-19 pandemic spreads more widely in Indonesia. As a developing country with high population growth, urban areas in Indonesia are getting denser along with the high urbanization rate. Limited land in urban areas generates slums, for example, in Surakarta. The slum management phenomenon in Surakarta, Indonesia, is the object of this case study research using Community-driven development (CDD) theory. Data on public participation in slum environment arrangement and management in Surakarta was collected using in-depth interviews, focus group discussion, and observation on and documentation related to the phenomenon. The result of the research showed some stages of slum arrangement in Surakarta: planning using FGD method conducted by citizens and stakeholders; implementing slum arrangement and management through repairing irrigation channel, providing feasible sanitation facility, building public open space, and developing Liquid Waste Processing Installation, and reviewing and evaluating the implementation of slum arrangement and management in Surakarta. The environment cleanliness and health maintaining behaviour is important to be habituated in urban communities to suppress Covid-19 transmission rate.
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Moita, Sulsalman, Darmin Tuwu, and Allan Darmawan. "Strategy for Prevention and Quality Improvement of Urban Slumps Based on Community Empowerment." Indonesian Journal of Social and Environmental Issues (IJSEI) 2, no. 2 (August 22, 2021): 98–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.47540/ijsei.v2i2.123.

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The purpose of this study was to examine the characteristics of slum areas and to analyze strategies for preventing and improving the quality of community empowerment-based slum settlements in Langara City, Konawe Islands Regency. This research method is descriptive qualitative with a case study approach, while the research informants are individuals and groups who are involved in the slum prevention and quality improvement program. The data were collected using in-depth interviews, observation, and document studies, while the data analysis techniques were carried out qualitatively. The results show that the indicators of a slum in Langara City are: the condition and quality of houses are generally less regular, dense, with minimal air and light circulation, environmental sanitation is not supported by wastewater disposal, access to settlements is relatively good, the garbage disposal system is not supported by landfills. Finally, limited distribution of net water, and the unavailability of fire protection. Furthermore, the strategy for preventing and improving the quality of slum based on community empowerment shows 1) slum prevention strategies with indicators: the high rate of community participation in attending counseling on the importance of maintaining environmental health and the high involvement of residents in preventing slums through cooperation, community service, and helping out; 2) slum quality improvement strategy with indicators: high capacity and community involvement in the renovation and restoration of slum shelters; and the low level of public awareness of joining the relocation program in slum pockets.
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Buana, Dandi Suagira, Renny Puspita Sari, and Syahru Rahmayuda. "Sistem Informasi Geografis Pemetaan Kawasan Permukiman Kumuh Kota Pontianak Berbasis Website." Jurnal Sistem Komputer dan Informatika (JSON) 3, no. 4 (June 30, 2022): 384. http://dx.doi.org/10.30865/json.v3i4.4206.

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The increase in population every year triggers various problems including the accumulation of population in one particular area which can potentially lead to new slum areas. Information regarding the distribution of slum settlements has not been published, so people do not know the area they will be increasing or including the slum area. In overcoming these problems, a Geographic Information System (GIS) was designed to digitally map the distribution of slum areas using calculations based on PUPR Ministerial Regulation No. 14 of 2018 concerning Prevention and Quality Improvement of Slum Housing and Slum Settlements. The determination was calculated using 7 indicators and 16 criteria and resulted in 3 classifications of slum level consisting of light slums, medium slums, and heavy slums. The final result of this research is expected to help the relevant government and the community in knowing the distribution area of slums based on WebGIS. Black-box testing is used to test the functionality of the system that was built and get good results with details of all functions running and following the design stage. Testing the system interface was carried out using an online questionnaire filled out by 38 respondents, resulting in a percentage of 87.5% calculated using a Likert scale so that it was categorized as excellent.
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Metobo, Evans. "EFFECTS OF SLUM UPGRADING ON SECURITY MANAGMENT IN SOWETO SLUMS, ROYSAMBU SUB-COUNTY IN NAIROBI, KENYA." Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal 8, no. 1 (February 2, 2021): 479–530. http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/assrj.81.9648.

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This paper uses data collected for an MA Thesis to explore the effects of slum upgrading on security management in Soweto slums, Roysambu sub-county in Nairobi, Kenya. The study was guided by three objectives to establish social effect of slum upgrading on security management in Kahawa Soweto slums; to examine the economic effect of slum upgrading on security management in Kahawa Soweto slums; and to establish the challenges of security management in the slum upgrading programme for Kahawa Soweto Slums. The study adopted a descriptive research design and random sampling to select 318 respondents (main respondents) and 10 Key informants (K.I). Questionnaire was the main method of data collection while interview was used to collect data from K.I. Data collected was organized, and systematically interpreted thematically by use of graphs, frequency tables, and percentages. This study established the relationship between slum setting and rise of crime and insecurity in Kahawa Soweto slums in Roysambu sub-county in Nairobi, Kenya with 69.2% of respondents agreeing to this count. According to this study, poor roads, high poverty levels, low education levels, poor spatial designs/environmental design of slum area and housing, absence of police station and poor lighting predisposed the slum dwellers to crime and insecurity. According to this study slum upgrade will reduce crime and insecurity, given that special aspects such as improvement in spatial designs/environmental design of urban areas and housing with enhanced modern lighting will significantly reduce crime in slums by eliminating criminogenic and insecurity risk factors. Additionally, improved economic effects of slum upgrading on slum dwellers would build resilience to crime and insecurity. This includes; Job creation, provision of educational facilities such as vocational training institutes (polytechnics), basic education institutions (primary and secondary schools) as well as other skills enhancement institutions. Community empowerment aimed at income generating activities, construction of police station to provide security to the slum dwellers (77%), and construction of better roads (55.3%) were recommended to reduce crime and improved security management in Kahawa Soweto slums in Roysambu sub-county in Nairobi, Kenya.
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Mukeku, Joseph. "Urban Slum Morphology and Socio-economic Analogies: A Case Study of Kibera Slum, Nairobi, Kenya." Urbanisation 3, no. 1 (May 2018): 17–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2455747118790581.

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Narratives around slums tend to amplify their negative attributes, often based on a sensorial assessment of their environment. This article talks about a study carried out in Kibera, the second largest slum in Africa located in Nairobi, Kenya, which examines how slums are morphologically constituted with respect to their socio-economic settings. The study stems from the author’s several years of work as a community design architect on slum upgrading projects, many of which were of a participatory nature. Given that slums exist outside of formal planning and lack documented development records, a basic approach to studying slums was adopted. This article uses analogies to expound on the link between the spatial-temporal formation of the slum and the socio-economic activities and practices of its residents. It goes on to show the crucial need for slum upgrading programmes to pay attention to this strong yet hidden interrelationship in order to meet the needs of the beneficiaries in a sustainable manner.
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Saleh, Arifin, Ahmad Hidayah Dalimunthe, and Faisal Hamzah Lubis. "Development of Banking CSR Model for Community Empowerment Slum Area in Medan City." Budapest International Research and Critics Institute (BIRCI-Journal) : Humanities and Social Sciences 2, no. 3 (August 1, 2019): 39–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.33258/birci.v2i3.392.

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Nowdays, there are 200.29 hectares of slum in Medan. The slum area is in 42 urban villages spread across 9 sub-districts. For the handling of slums in Medan, this is done through the Kotaku Program with funding for central and regional collaboration. Other parties that are expected to be involved in handling this slum area are the banks, in this case Bank Sumut, through their corporate social responsibility (CSR) funds. This is because Bank Sumut, which is a regionally owned company, has a commitment every year to channel CSR funds to all regencies / cities in Sumatera Utara. In 2015, Bank Sumut channeled CSR funds amounting to Rp. 13,746 billion. This study aims to find a new model of Bank Sumut CSR that is directed at empowering slum communities in the city of Medan. Research method with a qualitative approach. Data analysis by analyzing typological data. The output of this study is the Bank Sumut CSR model of community empowerment in slum areas in Medan City or scientific publications in national scientific journals and international journals. Bank Sumut's research results have a CSR Program that has been proven to help the community and its targets in the future should be directed to help empower the slum communities in the city of Medan. Bank Sumut's CSR model for the empowerment of slum communities in the city of Medan must reach infrastructure development, social assistance, and economic assistance with management involving Kotaku, the community, and non-governmental organizations.
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Ardiansyah, Didi. "PENENTUAN PRIORITAS PENANGANAN LOKASI KUMUH PERKOTAAN DI KOTA PAGAR ALAM." JURNAL ILMIAH BERING'S 9, no. 01 (March 17, 2022): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.36050/berings.v9i01.454.

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Slum area in Pagar Alam City covering an area of ​​63.58 hectares, slum areas such as houses or community housing conditions in the area are not appropriate or not in accordance with the standards applied, namely the standard for infrastructure and facilities needs, requirements for healthy houses, open space, building density, completeness of social facilities and others. This research method is a quantitative descriptive study that describes data about the level of slums with scoring analysis for non-physical and physical matters. Data collection methods are surveys, interviews and questionnaires about plans to improve the quality of the slum settlement environment. How to identify the level of slums by assigning a score to the slum indicator criteria according to a rating scale that can have an impact on slum areas in Pagar Alam City. The next step is to analyze the classification of the slum level in Pagar Alam City. The results obtained from the research are the characteristics of slum settlements in Pagar Alam City, which can be seen from the respective kelurahan indicated as slums including Sidorejo Village, Tebat Giri Indah, Beringin Jaya, Tumbak Ulas, Besemah Serasan, Bangun Jaya, Pagar Alam, Sukorejo, and Nendagung. Slum areas can be identified according to the condition of the building, service and management of drinking water, road conditions, waste water management, drainage conditions in the environment, waste conditions in the environment, fire alertness, land legality and other considerations. Besemah Serasan, while the areas classified as moderate slums are Sukorejo, Sidorejo and Tebat Giri Indah Villages. Overall, the high population density, lack of drinking water management, poor sanitation conditions, and solid waste conditions are one of the characteristics of slum areas in the area. The priority for handling areas that are included in the medium slum category is rejuvenation, while the severe slum category is rejuvenation and restoration.
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Herrero Amo, María Dolores, Chandana (Chandi) Jayawardena, and Salomé Laloum Gaultier. "What is the host community perception of slum tourism in Colombia?" Worldwide Hospitality and Tourism Themes 11, no. 2 (April 8, 2019): 140–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/whatt-12-2018-0086.

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Purpose This paper aims to find answers to two research questions: What is the perception of the Moravia community on tourism in their neighbourhood? What are the conditions under which they can accept slum tourism? Design/methodology/approach The foundation of this paper was laid during a field trip to Medellin, Colombia, in March 2018. More than three weeks were spent in the neighbourhood of Moravia, one of Medellin’s “barrios” or slums, where a qualitative study was led. Semi-structured interviews with the local community were done around the neighbourhood. Findings The main finding of this research is the positive perception of slum tourism within the Moravia community. The researchers found that the locals are proud when outsiders visit to see their neighbourhood. The locals felt that, it breaks the prejudice surrounding their homes, and tourists are seen as spokespeople for the barrio. There are visible improvements made to the barrio owing to tourism. This research drew attention to the conditions under which this type of tourism can be accepted in the neighbourhood: community participation, interaction between hosts and tourists, education and respect of tourists and the visible improvements to the neighbourhood. Originality/value Slum tourism is an understudied topic in Colombia, especially in Medellin. By researching on the host perception on slum tourism, this paper contributes to literature on slum tourism from a new angle.
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Surya, Batara, Agus Salim, Hernita Hernita, Seri Suriani, Herminawaty Abubakar, and Haeruddin Saleh. "Handling slum settlement based on community participation and socio-cultural change: Perspective of sustainable development of Makassar City, Indonesia." Geographica Pannonica 25, no. 4 (2021): 300–316. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/gp25-33038.

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Urbanization in the dynamics of development in Makassar City has an impact on increasing population, poverty, social change, acculturation of community culture, marginalization, differences in lifestyle, socio-economic inequality, complexity of space use, slum settlements, and a decrease in environmental quality. This study aims to analyze: (1) Community participation and socio-cultural changes work as determinants of handling urban slum settlements, (2) The influence of community participation, improving the quality of infrastructure, improving the quality of the environment, and changing the socio-cultural community on the sustainability of city development, and (3) Formulate a model for handling slum settlements, community participation, and community social culture towards the sustainability of urban development. This study uses a qualitative-quantitative approach sequentially. Data were obtained through observation, Focus Group Discussions (FGD), surveys, and documentation. The results showed that community participation, improving the quality of infrastructure, improving the quality of the environment, and socio-cultural changes simultaneously affected the sustainability of Makassar City development. Furthermore, the implementation of the program to improve the quality of slums followed by community participation and accompanied by socio-cultural changes will encourage the creation of equitable development, improve the quality of slum settlements, and improve community welfare towards the creation of social cohesion, increase community productivity, and harmonization of community life towards sustainability development of Makassar City, Indonesia.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Slum community"

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Desai, Vandana. "Aspects of community participation among slum dwellers in achieving housing in Bombay." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1992. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:d4839cdd-effd-4ff2-975a-9a73c7b31d75.

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This thesis is concerned with the housing and service needs of the poor (slum dwellers) in Bombay and how they are articulated and satisfied. It discusses how the poor perceive the constraints on slum servicing and improvement, their involvement in community organizations, and the role the community and its leaders play in influencing state action. Since housing and servicing issues directly impinge on the interests of politicians and bureaucrats as well as on those of the poor, patterns of provision mirror closely the nature of the relationship between the poor and how political and administrative power operates at various levels. Chapter 1 provides the research aims and objectives while Chapter 2 reviews the literature on community participation. Chapter 3 on Bombay places housing development in context and also serves as background study to the thesis. This research studies three different slum settlements housing migrants to Bombay. Two surveys of these three slum settlements were carried out, involving interviews with 135 households. Chapter 4 describes the characteristics of these households, while chapters 5, 6, and 7 give the arguments of the thesis. It is shown that, despite an established system of representative community organisations and a pro-participation rhetoric in bureaucratic discourse, most slum dwellers are excluded from participating in decision-making. A patron-client relationship exists between politicians, bureaucrats and community leaders, both in determining the community leaders' power as well as the level of services and physical benefits that he/she could win for the slum community. Leaders are generally better educated, better employed, more prosperous and highly motivated than most of their community. The NGO in this study has acted mainly as intermediary between the government and the slum-dwellers.
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EHIGIATOR, PAUL. "Urban Slum Upgrading and Participatory Governance (PG): An investigation into the role of slum community-based institutions in tackling the challenges of slums in developing nations the case of Lagos state, Nigeria." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-22608.

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This study looks at the role of slum upgrading, political culture, power structure and how these factors affect participation in slum upgrading in Makoko, Lagos. It also investigates how community-based institutions participate in identification of slum challenges, design action plans on curbing the challenges, implementation and monitoring of the plans in Lagos state. Factors that affect the successful implementation or hinder the implementation of participatory processes in slum upgrading effort in Lagos state have also been investigated; this was done in order to explore how implementation or the lack of implementation in the Makoko case relates to existing theories of power structure and political culture factors in participatory slum upgrading.Furthermore, ways of improving participatory approaches to slum upgrading practices have been identified as a way of promoting sustainable practice in subsequent slum upgrade efforts in Lagos.Literature was reviewed with regard to participation in slum upgrading. This was followed by a review of theories of participation, and a discussion of factors that hinder effective participation in slum upgrading process.The single case study research strategy was adopted, in which the researcher interviewed some members of Makoko Community Development Association, community leaders and youths in Makoko community. The data revealed that participation in Makoko slum upgrading took two dimensions. A participatory approach was not adopted in projects initiated by the government.However, there was participation in a project initiated by international organizations. The data also show that power structures, political culture and lack of skills hindered participation. This is consistent with existing theory which argues that political culture, power structure, and skill factors hinder effective participation in slum upgrading. Meanwhile, international organizations’commitments to participatory approach in slum upgrading enhance participation.It was therefore suggested that to improve participatory approaches in future slum upgrading efforts in Lagos, the government must design state laws that will encourage the adoption of participatory approach in slum upgrading by government officials. While international organizations should encourage those who implement participatory approach to slum upgrading.
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Sinha, Abhijat. "Community development for effective slum upgrading : case study: Indore habitat project, Indore, India." Thesis, McGill University, 1995. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=22549.

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Community participation has become an integral part of housing strategy for low income populations of the developing world. In the last three decades, it has gone beyond community involvement in cost recovery, sweat equity or participation in planning, to encompass a large agenda seeking simultaneous social, economic and physical community development.
Upgrading settlements of low income urban populations by in-situ infrastructure provision is aimed at bettering access to basic amenities and creation of sustainable living environments. However, evaluations of implemented projects indicate vast gaps between project aims and results, especially with regards to those components that are sensitive to local socioeconomic and political contexts, like community development.
Bearing this is in mind, an upgrading project in Indore, India, with a strong community development component was taken up for research. The study evaluated the effectiveness of community development in the improvement of living environments, by comparing project objectives with outcomes. Eight slums covered under the project were surveyed to determine community response to upgrading. The results indicated that inadequate attention was given to community development, despite its potential in improving living conditions in human settlements. Suggestions for improvement of future implementation and areas for further research have been identified.
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Muli, Chrisanta Kanini UNSW. "Poverty, gender & community development: The lived experiences of slum-dwelling women in Nairobi." Publisher:UNSW, 2008. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/43356.

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This study explores poverty and community development in the slums of Nairobi. It theorises on the nature of slum-dwelling women's lived experiences of poverty within a patriarchal society, and highlights not only their lack of financial capacity to address household needs, but also their lack of capabilities in terms of social and economic rights. The study provides identification and analysis of the significant role that slum-dwelling women play in community development initiatives. It proposes that these women??s individual and collective experiences of poverty, within Kenyan patriarchal society, are the fundamental motivation for them to engage in community development within their communities. Critical concepts and theories driving the study are poverty, gender and community development, contextualised within the Kenyan state and society. A qualitative methodology was used, employing a participatory action research framework. A number of qualitative methods were applied: focus groups, semi-structured in-depth individual interviews, and documentary analysis. Women from three women??s groups based in Nairobi slums participated and were co-researchers. Guided by the ??voices?? of slum-dwelling women, this thesis changed its original orientation concerning the use of information technology to an exploration of slum-dwelling women??s lived experiences of poverty. It is argued that these experiences catapulted the women into ??home-grown?? community development initiatives. Their lack of 'access' to fundamental resources and services is attributed, in large part, to the neo-colonial and patriarchal nature of Kenyan society that has perpetuated and compounded gender biases and inequality. This study identifies a disconnection between formal definitions of poverty and any resulting ??imposed?? community development initiatives, and the women??s analyses of their own priorities and needs. The women??s multi-level and intersectorial understanding of poverty, and their ??home-grown?? community development initiatives offer a finely contextualised, responsive and capacity-building alternative approach to addressing the reality of their poverty. This thesis proposes that for slum-dwelling women in Nairobi to benefit from community development, such development must be based upon their contextualised, class- and gender-framed definitions of poverty. This can be understood as the next generation of community development that is neither imposed nor externally managed, but emerges from the people, in this case the women in the slums of Nairobi who are experiencing the poverty. This emerging community development is generated from and by the women??s analyses of the disconnection, corruption and failure of current development approaches.
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Vaccaro, L. "Local community support programmes in Chile : primary education : learning workshops in urban slum settings." Thesis, Swansea University, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.639292.

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Non-formal Adult Education (Popular Education or Community-Based Education) in Latin America and in Chile has been developed throughout different types of educational interventions. The aims of those programmes are related to the living conditions of the poor. One of the them are the Learning Workshops which intends to put into practice an educational strategy for overcoming the school failure of children from popular sectors with the help of community educators. The educators of young people who live in the neighbourhood and participate without receiving remuneration. After ten years the achievements of the programme are analysed. The central concern of this research is to identify which factors in a non-formal programme such as the Learning Workshops are crucial to its success and which have been its obstacles. Likewise, it wishes to consider what might be called emerging factors of those that have generated effects unforeseen in the initial proposal. In order to deal with the above problem three main areas of action of the programme have been identified. The children who have been helped to overcome their school failure. The community-based educators who work with the groups of children and deal with other problems within their communities; and specifically, the training process involved. The management of the programme by local community. This thesis uses a qualitative case-study design aimed at ex-post-factum identification of factors affecting the development of the Learning Workshops. A theoretical analysis is made regarding the programme and its possible improvement. Also beyond this immediate usefulness for the programme as it exists, the answer to the research questions could throw light on the possibilities for extending the programme to other locations with similar characteristics. The study encompasses a specific period of development of the Learning Workshops between 1978 and 1986 in four geographical locations of Chile: Paipote in the northern part of Chile, Cerro Los Placeres in the city of Valpara= iso, Pudahuel in the city of Santiago located in the Area Metropolitan (Metropolitan Area), and Curanilahue around the southern city of Concepció.
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Arvelo, W., Lauren Blum, Nilufar Nahar, L. Von Seidlein, L. Nahar, Robert P. Pack, W. Abdullah Brooks, et al. "Community Perceptions of Bloody Diarrhoea in an Urban Slum in South Asia: Implications for Introduction of a Shigella Vaccine." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2011. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/6332.

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Understanding local perceptions of disease causation could help public health officials improve strategies to prevent bloody diarrhoea. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in Dhaka, Bangladesh to elicit community beliefs about the causes of and prevention strategies for bloody diarrhoea. Between March and June 2003, we interviewed 541 randomly selected respondents. Overall, 507 (93%) respondents perceived that a vaccine could prevent bloody diarrhoea. If a vaccine provided lifetime protection, 445 (83%) respondents stated that they would opt to get the vaccine and would pay a median of $0·05 (range U.S.$0·01-0·15) for it, equivalent to <1% of their median weekly income. There was almost universal perception that an effective vaccine to prevent bloody diarrhoea was highly beneficial and acceptable. While respondents valued a vaccine for prevention of bloody diarrhoea, they were only willing to pay minimally for it. Therefore, achieving a high rate of Shigella vaccine coverage may require subsidy of vaccine purchase.
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Johnson, Alan R. "Leadership in a Bangkok Slum: An ethnography of Thai urban poor in the Lang Wat Pathum Wanaram community." Thesis, Oxford Centre for Mission Studies, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.732480.

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Rossi, Monica. "The city and the slum : an action research on a Moroccan and a Roma Xoraxanè community in Rome." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2010. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/1263/.

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This work is an action research that deals with the theme of urban ethnic poverties, with particulare reference to the Italian phenomenon of the Roma encampments. The study is important because through the research on a single case study, the encampment of “Casilino 700”, I had the possibility of investigate and evidentiate the dynamics of social inclusion and exclusion through the analysis of both the encampments population and problematics. The long follow up of this research, which begun in 1992, allowed me to conduct an in-depth study and evaluate the policies enacted on behalf of statutory bodies and NGO’s who are entrusted with the duty of programming support and empowerment interventions toward Roma communities. In the course of this work I have shown how Roma in Italy have been for decades the object of a plan of spatial and social segregation which has had de facto state support and which has crystallised the conditions of social and economic exclusion of this minority. The research ends with a series of practical proposes for immediate integrate interventions that ought to be enacted at different levels in order to overcome the emergency and security-oriented approaches which have instead characterised the last twenty years.
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Rosenblad, Anton, and Sebastian Nyström. "Pamoja FM – The voice of Kibera : How young Kenyan adults in Kibera perceive the local urban community radio and how it influences the community." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för samhällsvetenskaper, SV, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-17120.

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Media in Nairobi is segmented when it comes to news and information; different media target different audience groups in the society through their preferred channels in search of news and information.     In Kibera, the biggest slum area in Nairobi and in whole East Africa, the urban slum community radio station Pamoja FM only works for the citizens living within Kibera. We aimed to find out how the youth in Kibera perceive the efficacy of the radio station as a viable source of news and information. We wanted to establish how important this radio station is to them as a tool of empowerment and knowledge to the youth.   Through semi-structured interviews with the youth in Kibera we carried out a qualitative research study during ten weeks, from October until December in 2011. We walked the field in Kibera to gather as much data as possible, and our findings were very interesting.   Key theories used in this study included the participatory communication model, the media dependency model and the uses and gratifications model.   The findings indicated that Pamoja FM has a great influence in the community as it is considered the most important source for news and information for the youth in this slum, and provides a platform that meets their needs as active participating audiences to the content supplied by the radio station. The radio is accredited to have changed the citizens´ way of thinking about tribalism since the post-election violence in 2007; the young women have assertively declared their space by playing a more proactive role in the community and audiences are empowered with home-grown problem solving skills that have bettered their lives and in pursuit for peace.
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Senanuch, Puchong. "An Investigation into the Policy for Urban Poverty Alleviation in Thailand Through the Study of Urban Slum Communities." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/1982.

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ABSTRACT It is estimated that there are currently 3.9 million people living in urban poverty in Thailand, without the existence of an effective social assistance safety-net. This thesis presents an analysis of Thai governments’ urban poverty alleviation policy. The central aim of the thesis is to question whether Thai government policy on urban poverty alleviation can be effective for the poor and the poorest in urban slum communities. Qualitative methods are used, supported by documentary research, and the author’s own experience of being a community development worker and researcher in the urban slums of Thailand over a period of 18 years. I have endeavoured to elicit information from the range of stakeholders engaged with contemporary urban poverty alleviation policy in Bangkok. Thus the research includes the perspectives of policy makers, the poor, and the poorest. I distinguish between these latter two groups by describing those who have access to some government provision for the urban poor and those who are excluded from such provision. I interviewed 18 policy makers, 15 community savings groups committee members, and 65 of the excluded poorest. I investigated the development of policy relating to the urban poor through an analysis of key government reports and documents. I examined all of the government policy documents relating to policies for urban poverty alleviation and the Thai Governments’ five year National Economic and (later) Social Development Plans from 1961 to 2006. I also analysed each of the fifty four Government statements on their policies to the National Assembly covering this period. This research produced two major new vehicles for understanding and interpreting Thai government urban poverty alleviation policy. First, the policy document research enabled me to construct a critical account of the historical development of policy relating to the urban poor, particularly those in slum communities. Second, the interviews produced a unique view of the often desperate lives lived by some Thai citizens who are part of communities residing in what is estimated as 2,000 slums in Thailand. This view is seen through the eyes of both the urban poor and the policy makers. I found attitudes of the policy makers towards the urban poor contain a number of diverse stances, both negative and positive. The Government’s preferred way of helping, previously by housing improvements, and recently by promoting credit and loan schemes with a low interest rate to strengthen community-based organisations and emphasise self-reliance, does help some of the poor; it also excludes others. An important discussion in the thesis is about self-reliance. This is widely referred to by all stakeholders-from HM The King, through leading thinkers including Buddhist scholars, to the poorest in the slum communities. I analyse what such a concept means to each of these groups. I have found there may be little agreement, either on what is being spoken about, or what the implications of self-reliance are for helping Thailand’s poorest citizens. The thesis is also concerned with how to improve the situations of the poor. There is therefore a review of some curricula relating to the training of social/community workers to assess how well students are prepared for their work. The conclusions make some practical recommendations for change at a policy level, via civil society, and in professional education. The direct education and training of the poor is seen as crucial to any substantial improvements. My own experience, producing the thesis in a western country, is included throughout. This is in order to reflect on my learning and the challenges of researching within and outside the Thai social structure.
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Books on the topic "Slum community"

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Koch life: Community sports in the slum. Nairobi: Paulines Publications Africa, 2006.

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Imparato, Ivo. Slum upgrading and participation: Lessons from Latin America. Washington, D.C: World Bank, 2003.

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Desai, Vandana. Community participation and slum housing: A study of Bombay. New Delhi: Sage Publications, 1995.

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Dynamics of health culture: Urban slum community and behaviour. New Delhi: Rajat Publications, 2001.

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Leadership in a slum: A Bangkok case study. Oxford: Regnum, 2009.

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Tripathi, Dwijendra. Alliance for change: A slum upgrading experiment in Ahmedabad. New Delhi: Tata McGraw-Hill Pub. Co. Ltd., 1998.

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Bento, Antônio. The welfare effects of slum improvement programs: The case of Mumbai. [Washington, D.C: World Bank, 2006.

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Scott, Bessenecker, and World Vision International, eds. Quest for hope in the slum community: A global urban reader. Waynesboro, GA: Authentic Media, 2005.

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Byravan, N. A slum no more: The inspiring story of Annai Sathya Nagar. Chennai: Oxygen Books, 2009.

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Byravan, N. A slum no more: The inspiring story of Annai Sathya Nagar. Chennai: Oxygen Books, 2009.

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Book chapters on the topic "Slum community"

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Beck, Dave, and Rod Purcell. "Slum Dwellers International." In Community Development for Social Change, 94–98. Abingdon, Oxon; New York, NY: Routledge, 2020.: Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315528618-18.

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Sullivan, Patrick. "Slim Chances." In Economic Inequality, Neoliberalism, and the American Community College, 97–99. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-44284-6_13.

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Reinertsen, Anne B. "Unconscious Activisms and the Subject as Critic: A Slam Articlepoem." In Handbook of Comparative Studies on Community Colleges and Global Counterparts, 1–16. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-51949-4_22-1.

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Rai, Manoj. "Community-Led Mapping for Empowerment: Collectivizing Adults for Action in the Slums of India." In The Palgrave International Handbook of Action Research, 235–50. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-40523-4_15.

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"A Slumdog industrial community." In Mobility, Modernity and the Slum, 60–76. Routledge, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315694009-11.

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Beck, Dave, and Rod Purcell. "Slum Dwellers International and case studies." In International community organising, 111–38. Policy Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781847429773.003.0006.

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"Relations between the Community and the State." In Leadership in a Slum, 151–86. Fortress Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv1ddcqn0.15.

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"Slums, State Response, and the Lang Wat Pathum Wanaram Community." In Leadership in a Slum, 29–70. Fortress Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv1ddcqn0.12.

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Goodman, Meghan Emilia. "Kiran Martin." In Women Community Leaders and Their Impact as Global Changemakers, 158–62. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-2490-2.ch027.

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India's slum communities are known around the world as areas of extreme poverty and destitution. Dr. Kiran Martin made it her life's mission to make a difference for hundreds of thousands of New Delhi families living in slums. She created the Asha organization to help families get healthcare, micro loans, and education. Because of her work, hundreds of young people who come from the slums go to university every year, giving themselves and their families hope for a better life. Her background in pediatric medicine is what started her venture to aid these communities. Many lives have been touched in the process.
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"Chapter 5. The Slum: Street Corner Society." In The Eclipse of Community: An Interpretation of American Studies, 119–34. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9781400868476-010.

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Conference papers on the topic "Slum community"

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Khandkar, Shantanu, and Janhavi Khandkar. "Community Participation in Slum Rehabilitation in Mumbai, India." In IFoU 2018: Reframing Urban Resilience Implementation: Aligning Sustainability and Resilience. Basel, Switzerland: MDPI, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ifou2018-05936.

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Pramadi, Yoka, Praditya Hananto, Rusydan Fathy, Dicky Rachmawan, and Hidayatullah Rabbani. "Community Participation, Sustainable Development and Slum Settlements in Jakarta." In Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Environmental Science and Sustainable Development, ICESSD 2019, 22-23 October 2019, Jakarta, Indonesia. EAI, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/eai.22-10-2019.2291482.

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Raju, Dani Kalarikalayil, Krishna Seunarine, Thomas Reitmaier, Gethin Thomas, Yogesh Kumar Meena, Chi Zhang, Adam Pockett, et al. "PV-Pix: Slum Community Co-design of Self-Powered Deformable Smart Messaging Materials." In CHI '21: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3411764.3445661.

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Mukama, Trasias, Charles Ssemugabo, Abdullah Ali Halage, Dustin Gibson, Rawlance Ndejjo, John Ssempebwa, and Olive Kobusingye. "PW 0427 Costs of unintentional injuries among children in an urban slum community in kampala city, uganda." In Safety 2018 abstracts. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/injuryprevention-2018-safety.351.

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Goyal, Anubhav. "ESTRATEGIAS Y ENFOQUES PERTINENTES AL ESPACIO PÚBLICO PARA HACER FRENTE A LAS INUNDACIONES." In Seminario Internacional de Investigación en Urbanismo. Bogotá: Universidad Piloto de Colombia, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/siiu.10153.

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Climate change and disasters are fast emerging as the most defining challenge of the 21st century as global risk. Changes in many extreme weather and climate events have been observed and linked with human influences, including an increase in extreme high sea levels and an increase in the number of heavy precipitation events. About 70 percent of the coastlines worldwide are projected to experience sea level change within 20 percent of the global mean. India, a developing country of global south and a major global contributor, is among the first ten countries in climate risk index. The country is witnessing average sea level rise of 1.7 mm/ year with rising sea projections in coastal cities. Further, India host a large percentage of urban population living in slums. Dharavi slum, Asia's biggest slum, located in the centre of Mumbai along the coast, host a population of more than a million in just 2.1 square kilometre. Slums are located at land which is usually unsuitable for formal development, being the low lying marshy areas along the river basins or coastal mangroves. As a direct cause, the physical location of the slums in developing world, makes them at a greater risk of flooding. Urban slums of metropolitan Mumbai, Kolkata and Surat in India, along with many others, are vulnerable to flooding. The present policy framework lack in providing for climate resilience and has thus compelled the slum dwellers to adapt to the risk of flooding with local community based measures involving public space retrofits. The paper assess these adaptation measures and strategies from different coastal urban slums in India and aims to create a theoretical framework of measures and elements. Case study analysis approach is used to generate for adaptation strategies and presented in the parameters (type – time – role – intent and scale of adaptation). Results showcases a framework of adaptive and mitigation measures pertinent to local participation and public space retrofits for coastal urban slums. It enables the generation of a typology, lexicon of measures and elements, a toolkit to face extreme floods. Community mobilization with public space retrofits open new possibilities for addressing future floods and in gaining resilience. Keywords: Adaptation, coping strategies, flood resilience in slums, public space retrofits. El cambio climático y las catástrofes se están convirtiendo rápidamente en el reto más definitorio del siglo XXI como riesgo global. Se han observado cambios en muchos fenómenos meteorológicos y climáticos extremos y se han relacionado con la influencia humana, como el aumento del nivel del mar extremadamente alto y el incremento del número de precipitaciones intensas. Se prevé que alrededor del 70% de las costas de todo el mundo experimenten un cambio en el nivel del mar dentro del 20% de la media mundial. India, un país en desarrollo del sur global y uno de los principales contribuyentes mundiales, se encuentra entre los diez primeros países en el índice de riesgo climático. El país está experimentando una subida media del nivel del mar de 1,7 mm/año con proyecciones de aumento del mar en las ciudades costeras. Además, India alberga un gran porcentaje de población urbana que vive en barrios marginales. El barrio marginal de Dharavi, el más grande de Asia, situado en el centro de Bombay a lo largo de la costa, alberga una población de más de un millón de personas en sólo 2,1 kilómetros cuadrados. Los barrios marginales están situados en terrenos que suelen ser inadecuados para el desarrollo formal, ya que son zonas pantanosas bajas a lo largo de las cuencas de los ríos o de los manglares costeros. Como causa directa, la ubicación física de los barrios marginales en el mundo en desarrollo hace que corran un mayor riesgo de inundación. Los barrios marginales del área metropolitana de Mumbai, Calcuta y Surat en India, junto con muchos otros, son vulnerables a las inundaciones. El marco político actual carece de resiliencia climática y, por tanto, ha obligado a los habitantes de los barrios marginales a adaptarse al riesgo de inundaciones con medidas locales basadas en la comunidad que implican la readaptación del espacio público. El documento evalúa estas medidas y estrategias de adaptación de diferentes barrios marginales costeros de la India y pretende crear un marco teórico de medidas y elementos. Se utiliza un enfoque de análisis de casos para generar estrategias de adaptación y se presentan los parámetros (tipo - tiempo - función - intención y escala de la adaptación). Los resultados muestran un marco de medidas de adaptación y mitigación pertinentes para la participación local y la reconversión del espacio público para los barrios marginales urbanos de la costa. Permite generar una tipología, un léxico de medidas y elementos, una caja de herramientas para hacer frente a las inundaciones extremas. La movilización de la comunidad con la readaptación del espacio público abre nuevas posibilidades para hacer frente a futuras inundaciones y para ganar resiliencia. Palabras clave: Adaptación, estrategias de afrontamiento, resiliencia a las inundaciones en barrios marginales, readaptación del espacio público.
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Danar, Oscar Radyan. "Building Community Resilience in an Informal Settlement: Analyzing the role of quadruple helix in the transformation of Jodipan Hamlet Slum in Malang City, Indonesia." In Proceedings of the Annual International Conference of Business and Public Administration (AICoBPA 2018). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/aicobpa-18.2019.38.

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Wang, Yi-Xiang, and Ching-Lung Chang. "ROS-base Multi-Sensor Fusion for Accuracy Positioning and SLAM System." In 2020 International Symposium on Community-centric Systems (CcS). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ccs49175.2020.9231442.

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Qin, Libo, Tianbao Xie, Wanxiang Che, and Ting Liu. "A Survey on Spoken Language Understanding: Recent Advances and New Frontiers." In Thirtieth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-21}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2021/622.

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Spoken Language Understanding (SLU) aims to extract the semantics frame of user queries, which is a core component in a task-oriented dialog system. With the burst of deep neural networks and the evolution of pre-trained language models, the research of SLU has obtained significant breakthroughs. However, there remains a lack of a comprehensive survey summarizing existing approaches and recent trends, which motivated the work presented in this article. In this paper, we survey recent advances and new frontiers in SLU. Specifically, we give a thorough review of this research field, covering different aspects including (1) new taxonomy: we provide a new perspective for SLU filed, including single model vs. joint model, implicit joint modeling vs. explicit joint modeling in joint model, non pre-trained paradigm vs. pretrained paradigm; (2) new frontiers: some emerging areas in complex SLU as well as the corresponding challenges; (3) abundant open-source resources: to help the community, we have collected, organized the related papers, baseline projects and leaderboard on a public website where SLU researchers could directly access to the recent progress. We hope that this survey can shed a light on future research in SLU field.
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Larson, Joel, Changki Mo, Scott Hudson, and Emily Carter. "Fundamental Scan Matching Approach to LIDAR Based Localization." In ASME 2021 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2021-72022.

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Abstract We are addressing a major problem in autonomous robotics, which is simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM). Currently there are many methods available which to varying degrees solve the localization problem of SLAM. The majority use probabilistic concepts. However, these solutions often bring with them a high level of algorithmic complexity. This can raise the cost of implementation and make fundamental concepts difficult to comprehend. Furthermore, because high complexity may not be necessary when the constraints of time and accuracy are not as severe, some applications do not require the rigor of a full probabilistic SLAM method. A solution to the localization problem which focuses on clarity and first principles can be beneficial to the engineering/education community and for applications where low cost is favored over high performance. Therefore, we present a straightforward approach to the localization portion of the SLAM problem using scan matching techniques. By reducing complex scan matching from a multidimensional to a one-dimensional problem, localization can be solved in an easily understandable way while minimizing cost and computational requirements. The solution presented here provides estimates of the robot pose and orientation within the confines of a static and simple environment. The techniques utilized are, cross correlation calculations for pure rotation movements around the robot’s center axis combined with simple root mean squared error calculations for translation movements.
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Chou, Chan-Yen, Chung-Jung Wu, Hsiu-Ping Wei, Ming-Chih Yew, Chien-Chia Chiu, and Kuo-Ning Chiang. "Thermal Management on Hot Spot Elimination / Junction Temperature Reduction for High Power Density System in Package Structure." In ASME 2007 InterPACK Conference collocated with the ASME/JSME 2007 Thermal Engineering Heat Transfer Summer Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipack2007-33534.

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In this paper, a thermal enhanced design for a high power density system in package (SiP) is proposed to resolve the challenge faced by the packaging research community in eliminating the hot spot and reducing the junction temperature in a high operation temperature. The SiP structure includes seven sub-chips which are attached to the chip carrier. The dissipated heat is conducted to the metal slug by thermal vias, while some heat is conducted to the pads by metal traces. Finally, the whole module is connected to the test board by solder paste material. In the thermal enhanced design, a highly conductive material such as solder paste is applied to make an attachment between the chip carrier and the highest power density chip (the power amplifier chip). Besides, some thermal vias are constructed to conduct the dissipated heat from the chip carrier to the metal slug. The new structure greatly improves the thermal performance of the SiP structure. Moreover, the hot spot on the chip carrier is also eliminated in this thermal enhanced SiP structure.
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Reports on the topic "Slum community"

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Roelen, Keetie, Sukanta Paul, Neil Howard, and Vibhor Mathur. Children’s Engagement with Exploitative Work in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Institute of Development Studies, November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/clarissa.2020.001.

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Despite decades of interventions aiming to reduce child labour, children’s engagement with exploitative work remains widespread, particularly in South Asia. Emerging evidence about cash transfer programmes point towards their potential for reducing children’s engagement with work, but knowledge is scarce in terms of their impact on exploitative work and in urban settings. One component of the CLARISSA programme is to trial an innovative ‘cash plus’ intervention and to learn about its potential for reducing children’s harmful and hazardous work in two slum areas in Dhaka, Bangladesh. This Working Paper presents findings from a small-scale qualitative study that was undertaken in late 2019, aiming to inform the design of the cash plus intervention. Findings point towards the potential for cash transfers to reduce the need for children to engage in exploitative work and highlight key considerations for design and delivery, including mode and frequency of delivery and engagement with local leaders and community representatives. URI
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Baek, Carolyn, and Naomi Rutenberg. Addressing the family planning needs of HIV-positive PMTCT clients: Baseline findings from an operations research study. Population Council, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/hiv14.1000.

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Preventing unintended pregnancy among HIV-positive women is an effective approach to reducing pediatric HIV infection and vital to meeting HIV-positive women’s sexual and reproductive health needs. Although contraceptive services for HIV-positive women is one of the cornerstones of a comprehensive program for prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV (PMTCT), a review of PMTCT programs found that implementers have not prioritized family planning (FP). While there is increasing awareness about the importance of FP and HIV integration, data about FP from PMTCT clients are lacking. The Horizons Program is conducting an operations research study testing several community-based strategies to reduce mother-to-child transmission of HIV in a densely settled urban slum in Nairobi, Kenya. Strategies being piloted include moving PMTCT services closer to the population via a mobile clinic and increasing psychosocial support for HIV-positive women. This research update presents key findings about FP at PMTCT sites, including the interaction between providers and clients as well as HIV-positive women’s fertility desires and demand for contraceptives, from the baseline cross-sectional survey and qualitative interviews with postpartum women.
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Erulkar, Annabel, and Erica Chong. Evaluation of a savings and micro-credit program for vulnerable young women in Nairobi. Population Council, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/pgy19.1010.

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Tap and Reposition Youth (TRY) was a four-year initiative undertaken by the Population Council and K-Rep Development Agency to reduce adolescents’ vulnerabilities to adverse social and reproductive health outcomes by improving livelihoods options. The project targeted out-of-school adolescent girls and young women aged 16–22 residing in low-income and slum areas of Nairobi. TRY used a modified group-based micro-finance model to extend integrated savings, credit, business support, and mentoring to out-of-school adolescents and young women. A longitudinal study of participants was conducted with a matched comparison group identified through cross-sectional community-based studies, undertaken at baseline and endline to enable an assessment of changes associated with the project. This report states that 326 participants and their controls were interviewed at baseline and 222 pairs were interviewed at endline. The results suggest that rigorous micro-finance models may be appropriate for a subset of girls, especially those who are older and less vulnerable. The impact on noneconomic indicators is less clear. Additional experimentation and adaptation is required to develop livelihoods models that acknowledge and respond to the particular situation of adolescent girls.
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Ton, Giel, Keetie Roelen, Neil Howard, and Lopita Huq. Social Protection Intervention: Evaluation Research Design. Institute of Development Studies, September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/clarissa.2022.004.

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This paper describes the research design for investigating and evaluating the Child Labour: Action-Research-Innovation in South and South-Eastern Asia (CLARISSA) social protection cash-plus intervention in a slum in Dhaka, Bangladesh. After an introductory section, the second section elaborates on contribution analysis – the methodological approach underpinning the research design. The third section provides an overview of the intervention, and the fourth explores the overall design of the evaluation, its guiding framework, and the timeline of the intervention rollout and data collection. The fifth and sixth sections address the project’s suite of quantitative and qualitative methods, and the approach to data analysis. Using four panel surveys, bi-monthly monitoring, in-depth interviews, group discussions and direct observations, the research will zoom in on specific behaviours. First, at the individual level, we want to learn how people adopt alternative livelihoods in response to the intervention. Second, at the household level, we consider how community mobilisation and cash transfers help households to resolve intra‑household problems. Third, at the group level, we consider how groups manage collective action in response to community mobilisation. For each of these behaviour change outcomes, we want to understand the realist evaluation question, ‘Why does the intervention work, for whom, and under what conditions?’ We also want to assess whether these new behaviours change the propensity for children to be involved in the worst forms of child labour.
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Armand, Alex, Britta Augsburg, Antonella Bancalari, and Bhartendu Trivedi. Community toilet use in Indian slums: willingness-to-pay and the role of informational and supply side constraints. International Initiative for Impact Evaluation (3ie), March 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.23846/dpw1ie113.

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India: Enhancing girls' life skills requires long-term commitment. Population Council, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/rh16.1003.

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While adolescents in India face a rapidly changing economic environment, the choices available to unmarried girls are very different from those available to boys. Girls are much less likely than boys to remain unmarried into their twenties, complete middle school, or generate income. Due to social norms, they have limited control over their life choices, and are less likely than boys to be allowed mobility within or beyond their immediate community. In 2001, the Population Council teamed with CARE India to test a pilot intervention to enhance skills and expand life choices for adolescent girls living in the slums of Allahabad. The 10-month intervention tested the effect of the skills intervention on the girls’ reproductive health knowledge, social contacts and mobility, self-esteem, and perception of gender roles. The impacts were assessed using survey responses from girls who were interviewed in both baseline and endline surveys. As noted in this brief, girls and their parents found the life skills training acceptable, but the intervention had little overall impact.
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