Relevant bibliographies by topics / Sludge drainage

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
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  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
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Academic literature on the topic 'Sludge drainage'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 29 June 2021
Last updated: 14 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Sludge drainage"

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Dharmappa, H. B., A. Hasia, and P. Hagare. "Water treatment plant residuals management." Water Science and Technology 35, no. 8 (April 1, 1997): 45–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1997.0296.

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Water treatment plants produce enormous amounts of sludge. Due to increased environmental concern, recently, there is considerable amount of pressure on the water authorities for the safe disposal of the sludge. Currently, the most acceptable form of disposal is sanitary landfilling, which requires sludge to be dewatered to 20-40% of solids. One of the most commonly used dewatering techniques is sand drying beds. This process is popular because of its reliability, ease of use and low cost. However, one of the basic concerns with this process is the requirement of a large area of land. This could be overcome by chemical conditioning of the sludge, which can accelerate the dewatering rate substantially. At this stage, however, there are no guidelines for the design of the sand drying beds for treating chemically conditioned sludges. This study is conducted to investigate the design and performance of sand drying beds for treating chemically conditioned water treatment plant (WTP) sludge. Experiments are conducted using laboratory scale sand drainage columns. The results indicate that the drainage rates, after adding polymer, increased by 9 times for clarifier sludge and 20-25 times for filter backwash sludge. Thus, the land area requirement for sand drainage bed can be drastically reduced through polymer addition. Optimal dose of polymer is found to be between 3 and 6 kg/t of dry solids, with dilute sludges requiring high dosages. The cake solids concentration increased from 3 to 12% as the polymer dose increased from 0 to 16 kg/t of dry solids. The variation of drainage rates and cake solids with solids/hydraulic loading rates are found to vary depending on the type of sludges and polymers. The filtrate quality is found to be independent of polymer dose and solids loading rates.
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Zhang, Jiesheng, Yongzheng Qi, Xue Zhang, Guofu Zhang, Hang Yang, and Firdawus Nattabi. "Experimental investigation of sludge dewatering for single- and double-drainage conditions with a vacuum negative pressure load at the bottom." PLOS ONE 16, no. 6 (June 28, 2021): e0253806. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0253806.

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The moisture content of municipal sludge is relatively high, which increases the cost of sludge transportation and treatment. To reduce the volume of the sludge, sludge dewatering is needed. This paper proposes the theory of sludge dewatering and facilitates efficient and economical technology of sludge dewatering. Sludge dewatering tests were carried out by using homemade rapid sludge dewatering devices. There were two groups of tests with single- and double-drainage conditions, and all test runs were loaded with a negative vacuum pressure at the bottom. During the experiments, the vacuum degree and the pore water pressure in the sludge were monitored in real time. After the experiments, the data were compared and analyzed. At the initial stage, the sludge dewatering extent and the sludge dewatering velocity for double-drainage conditions were much higher than those for single-drainage conditions. The vacuum occurring for single-drainage conditions lagged behind that for double-drainage conditions in the sludge. The value of vacuum degree for single-drainage conditions was lower than that for double-drainage conditions, and the vacuum attenuation for single-drainage conditions was considerable. The excess pore water pressure for double-drainage conditions dissipated faster than that for single-drainage conditions in the sludge. The pore water pressure for single-drainage conditions at the top and middle of the sludge layer first increased and then decreased in the early loading stage, resembling the Mandel effect. Overall, with a vacuum negative pressure load at the bottom, the sludge dewatering efficiency for double-drainage conditions was much higher than that for single-drainage conditions. This study provides an experimental and theoretical basis for engineering applications in the sludge treatment industry.
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Gazbar, S., J. M. Abadie, and F. Colin. "Combined action of electro-osmotic drainage and mechanical compression on sludge dewatering." Water Science and Technology 30, no. 8 (October 1, 1994): 169–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1994.0404.

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The efficiency of the implemented industrial means of sludge dewatering, at the present time, is not sufficient. Therefore, research of new techniques of advanced dewatering is necessary. Electro-osmotic drainage, notably used to consolidate soils, has recently been used to dewater sludges. In this work, a laboratory cell has been constructed. It permits one to superimpose a mechanical pressure adjustable to 7 kg/cm2 to the electro-osmotic drainage. The application of an electrical field decreases the specific resistance of sludges to filtration with variable factor, which can result from both the electrical conductivity and the charge of the particles. However, in thickening, it enables organic sludges to reach very high solids concentration when compared to their dewatering by filtration under high mechanical pressure. The energy consumption does not seem to be an important constraint in sludge dewatering with this technique.
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Wu, Yajun, Binjie Song, Yitian Lu, Qingyang Deng, and Guang Chen. "Experimental Study on the Influencing Factors of Treatment of Landfill Sludge Using Vacuum Preloading with the Fenton Reagent." Geofluids 2021 (June 16, 2021): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9962141.

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At present, there is a lack of necessary technical parameters for sludge vacuum reinforcement. To explore the effects of the drain board type on sludge vacuum reinforcement, the Fenton reagent was used to pretreat the landfill sludge in a sludge landfill area in Shanghai, and then, vacuum preloading contrast tests of different prefabricated vertical drainage types were carried out. During the test, the discharge and settlement of sludge were recorded. After the test, the moisture content, shear strength, and appearance of PVD were measured and analysed. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) the optimum ratio of H2O2 and Fe2+ is 2 for the landfill sludge; (2) the total displacement and accumulated settlement of the test group with integral prefabricated vertical drainage are 1.7 times and 1.2 times those of the separate prefabricated vertical drainage, respectively; (3) the type of prefabricated vertical drainage has no effect on the distribution of water content and shear strength; and (4) when the sludge is vacuum strengthened, the integral prefabricated vertical drainage should be preferred.
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Feilin, Hao, and Shen Mingwei. "Design, simulation, and laboratory test of a single sludge drainage pipe for wastewater treatment sedimentation tank." Water Science and Technology 82, no. 5 (August 21, 2020): 905–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2020.397.

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Abstract This study develops a novel design scheme based on engineering fluid mechanics for the single-pipe-type sludge drainage mechanism of sedimentation tanks in the wastewater treatment industry. A laboratory-scale clarifier is fabricated for experimental verification. Sludge drainage ratio and suspended solids (SS) of inflow are selected as two factors for laboratory experiments, and SS values are measured to evaluate the performance of the sludge drainage pipe. Experiment data show that the designed single sludge drainage pipe can successfully achieve the supposed task with a coefficient of variation (CV) of SS less than 8.5%. The variation scope of CV from 1.5% to 8.3% suggests that the sludge drainage performance is relatively steady. Nine sets of 3D computational fluid dynamic (CFD) simulations, which is based on the inhomogeneous Eulerian–Eulerian multiphase model, were conducted for a comprehensive exploration and assessment. Results reveal noticeable deviations of the characteristics of the fluid in the outermost orifice of the sludge drainage pipe from the designed value. Although the fluid velocity through each orifice is matched with the designed values, the mass flowrate differs with a maximum of four times the designed value and a standard deviation of 0.4 of hole among the nine simulations. This study also suggests some considerations in the design process and routine operation of the single-pipe-type sludge drainage system.
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Martel, C. James, and Carl J. Diener. "Pilot-scale studies of sludge dewatering in a freezing bed." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 18, no. 4 (August 1, 1991): 681–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l91-083.

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In 1986, a pilot-scale sludge freezing bed was constructed at the U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory in Hanover, New Hampshire, U.S.A. This bed was operated for the next three years using both anaerobically and aerobically digested sludges. Results indicate that both sludges were effectively dewatered by this process. The maximum depth of sludge frozen during this study was 1.14 m. The final solid contents were 39.3% and 24.5% for anaerobically digested and aerobically digested sludges respectively. The quality of the meltwater from the bed was similar to raw wastewater. The actual depth of sludge frozen and thawed in the bed during each year of operation was very close to that predicted by design models. Operational experience demonstrated the importance of a sand layer at the bottom of the bed for adequate drainage. Also, odors developed when the meltwater was allowed to accumulate in the bed. Odors were not a problem when the meltwater was drained away as quickly as it formed. Both sludges were easily removed with a front-end loader. Key words: sludge freezing bed, freeze–thaw conditioning, freeze–thaw separation, sludge dewatering, freezing bed.
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Sukati, Bonokwakhe Hezekiel, Pieter Christiaan De Jager, John George Annandale, and Philip Dale Tanner. "The Hazardous Status of High Density Sludge from Acid Mine Drainage Neutralization." Sustainability 10, no. 11 (November 13, 2018): 4185. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10114185.

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Classification of waste is an essential part of waste management to limit potential environmental pollution; however, global systems vary. The objective was to understand the waste classification of high density sludge (HDS) from acid mine drainage (AMD) treatment, according to selected global systems. Three sludges from two limestone treatment plants, and three others from a limestone and lime treatment plant from the Mpumalanga coalfields of the Republic of South Africa (RSA) were evaluated. Systems for the RSA, Australia, Canada, China, and the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) were considered. The USEPA system rated all six sludges non-hazardous, Canadian and Chinese systems allocated a hazardous status to one sludge from the limestone treatment plants based on Ni solubility. The RSA system considered two of the sludges from limestone treatment plants to be higher risk materials than did the other countries. This was due mainly to the RSA system’s inclusion of Mn and use of appreciably lower minimum soluble levels for As, Cd, Pb, Hg, and Se. None’s use of lime resulted in higher soluble Mn. Minimum leachable concentration thresholds for Cd, Hg, Pb, As, and Se in the RSA system were below method detection limits for Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP) extracts, making the guidelines impractical, and revision is advised. Considering all the systems, the probability that the HDS from the coalfields of Mpumalanga, South Africa will be classified as hazardous waste increases if the material is only subjected to limestone treatment because of Ni solubility.
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Kowalczyk, Anna, and Tadeusz Piecuch. "Sludge dewatering in a decanter centrifuge aided by cationic flocculant Praestol 855BS and essential oil of waste orange peels." Archives of Environmental Protection 42, no. 1 (March 1, 2016): 3–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aep-2016-0001.

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Abstract In the study the comparative analysis of test results of drainage of municipal wastewater sludge was conducted with the use of flocculant Praestol 855BS and the mixture of flocculant Praestol 855BS 50% + orange essential oil 50%, as the reagents supporting this process. It was also attempted to reduce unpleasant smells exuding from the drained sludge. The process of drainage of municipal wastewater sludge was conducted in the laboratory setting centrifuge of MPW-350 type. The variable independent parameters were centrifugation time, centrifugation speed, dosage of flocculant Praestol 855BS as well as dosage of mixture in the proportion of flocculant Praestol 855BS (50%) + orange essential oil (50%). The following parameters were subject to assessment: water content in the sludge, dry mass content in the reflux as well as time of maintenance of the oil’s smell in the sludge. The conducted tests demonstrated that the orange essential oil has an impact on drop in resultant quality parameters of the drainage process of municipal wastewater sludge. Batching of the orange essential oil has an impact on considerable reduction of odours exuding from drained wastewater sludge, and thus on improvement of work conditions connected with operation of centrifugal separators. Bearing in mind both the efficient drainage process of wastewater sludge as well as simultaneous reduction of unpleasant smells exuding from the sludge during this process it is assumed and recommended to simultaneously apply both reagents, that is flocculant Praestol 855BS (50%) and orange essential oil, also in the volume of 50%.
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Christensen, Morten Lykkegaard, Rasmus Rosenlund Petersen, and Lars Bjerg Jørgensen. "Simulation of sludge dewatering on belt filters." Water Science and Technology 61, no. 12 (June 1, 2010): 3162–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2010.218.

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A mathematical model for belt filters was developed to determine optimum load rate and belt speed during drainage of flocculated biological sludge. Numerical simulations were performed for belt filters with and without plows, and the model fit experimental data well. Experiments showed that highly compressible cakes were formed during drainage, which was important. Due to cake compression, the final sludge dry matter content increased with load rates as long as the drainage time was sufficiently long. The dry matter content could be increased by stacking the cake at the end of the process. An optimum load rate was found. At high load rates, the drainage time was too short and the dry matter content decreased with load due to high cake resistance. The resistance could be lowered by mixing cake and suspension during the process.
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Moiambo, Osvaldo, Filipa Ferreira, and José Matos. "Modelação da drenagem em leitos de secagem de lamas." Águas e Resíduos, no. 5 (December 19, 2019): 5–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.22181/aer.2019.0501.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Sludge drainage"

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Dhillon, Dildeep Singh. "Sulfide and alkalinity production from activated sludge to treat acid mine drainage." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape17/PQDD_0004/MQ34116.pdf.

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Kunderu, Phanindra Kumar V. "Analysis of aging effects and effectiveness of dewatering treatment methods on acid mine drainage sludge." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2005. https://etd.wvu.edu/etd/controller.jsp?moduleName=documentdata&jsp%5FetdId=3805.

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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2005.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains xiii, 127 p. : ill. (some col.), maps (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 108-113).
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Molipane, Ntaoleng Patricia. "Sulphate reduction utilizing hydrolysis of complex carbon sources." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004060.

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Due to environmental pollution caused by acid mine drainage (AMD), the Department of Water Affairs has developed a National Water Bill for managing and controlling the water environment to prevent AMD pollution. The application of sulphate reducing bacteria have been demonstrated for the treatment of AMD. However, the scale-up application of this technology ultimately depends on the cost and availability of a carbon source. This study evaluated the use of sewage sludge to provide a carbon source for sulphate reduction in synthetic drainage wastewaters. The demonstration of this process in a laboratory-scale reactor proved that sewage sludge could provide a useful model and viable carbon source for evaluation of sulphate reduction as a process for treating AMD. Since sewage sludge is a complex carbon source, hydrolysis reactions controlling the anaerobic digestion of particulate substrate from this medium were optimized by evaluating the effect of pH on hydrolysis. Controlled and uncontrolled pH studies were conducted using a three stage mixed anaerobic reactor. Analysis of the degradation behaviour of the three important organic classes (carbohydrate, proteins and lipids) revealed that each class followed an indvidual trend with respect to pH changes. In addition, the solubilization of organic particulate carbon was also shown to be a function of pH. The hydrolysis pattern of organic substrate and COD solublization was induced at pH 6.5 rather than at high pH values (7.5 and 8.5). The biodegradation activity of sewage sludge was characterized by the API-ZYM1N test system to provide rapid semiquantitative information on the activity of hydrolytic enzymes associated with the degradation of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids. A wide range of enzyme activities with phosphatases, aminopeptidases, and glucosyl hydralases dominating were displayed. The pattern of substrate hydrolysis correlated to the degradation efficiency of each organic class as a function of pH. The evaluation of scale-up application for sulphate reduction utilizing sewage sludge as a carbon source demonstrated that large water volume flows could possibly be treated with this cost-effective technology. Generation of alkalinity and sulphide in this medium was shown to be successful in the removal of heavy metals by precipitation. The use of this technology coupled to reduced cost involved showed that biological sulphate reduction utilizing hydrolysates of complex organic particulate from sewage sludge ss a carbon source has a potential scale-up application for the treatment of AMD.
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Van, den Berg Francis. "Synthetic domestic wastewater sludge as electron donor in the reduction of sulphate and treatment of acid mine drainage." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/97005.

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Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2015.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Acid mine drainage (AMD) is wastewater generated by mine and industrial activity with typically high heavy metal and sulphur content potentially resulting in toxic wastewater upon exposure to dissolved oxygen, water and micro-organisms. Due to the hazardous consequences of untreated AMD, treatment methods such as semi-passive biotic treatments, including constructive wetlands and microbial bioreactors were developed. Microbial bioreactors rely on suitable carbon sources such as ethanol, grasses and manure and the creation of anaerobic conditions for the reduction of sulphate, chemical oxidizable organic matter (COD) and to neutralise pH. Domestic wastewater sludge has also been identified as an economical and readily available carbon source that allows the treatment of both AMD and domestic wastewater. A synthetic medium simulating the COD and the biological degradable organic matter (BOD) of domestic wastewater sludge was formulated to exclude variations in the evaluation of domestic wastewater sludge as carbon source in the treatment of AMD. Firstly the BOD and COD of anaerobic domestic wastewater sludge was determined and used as parameters in the formulation of the synthetic medium. A ratio of 1:1 AMD: synthetic domestic wastewater sludge (SDWWS) was the optimum ratio in terms of sulphate and COD removal. Secondly, medical drip bags were used as anaerobic bioreactors to determine the microbial diversity in AMD treated with SDWWS using different variables. Data analyses from next generation sequencing showed that Chlorobium spp. dominated the 90 d pioneer trials at relative percentages of 68 % and 76 %. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images and the bright green colour of the liquid contents confirmed the data analyses. Sulphates and COD were removed at > 98 % and > 85 %, respectively. A shorter incubation time was investigated in the 30 d pioneer trial. Chlorobium spp. was dominant, followed by Magnetospirillum spp. and Ornithobacterium spp. The liquid content changed to a dark brown colour. COD and sulphate concentrations were reduced by 60.8 % and 96 %, respectively, within 26 d, after which a plateau was reached. The effect of an established biofilm in the bioreactors showed that Chlorobium spp. also dominated approximately 62 %, in comparison to the 36 % in the 30 d pioneer trial. A sulphate and COD reduction of 96 % and 58 %, respectively, was obtained within 26 d and the liquid content was the same colour as in the 30 d pioneer trial. It is possible that brown Green sulphur bacteria were present. Therefore, although Chlorobium spp. was present at a higher percentage as in the 30 d pioneer trial, the removal of COD and sulphate was similar. During the 30 d trials a white precipitant formed at the top of the bioreactors, consisting primarily of sulphate and carbon that was also indicative of the presence of Chlorobium spp. Incubation at reduced temperature reduced sulphates by only 10 % and COD by 12 % after 17 d, followed by a plateau. Ornithobacterium spp. dominated in the first trial and Magnetospirillum spp. in the second trial.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Suur mynwater (SMW) is afvalwater wat deur die myn- en industriële bedryf gegenereer word en bevat kenmerklik hoë konsentrasies swaar metale en swawel wat potensieel in toksiese afvalwater omskep kan word indien blootgestel aan opgelosde suurstof, water en mikro-organismes. Die skadelike gevolge wat blootstelling aan onbehandelde SMW mag hê, het gelei tot semi-passiewe behandelinge wat vleilande en mikrobiese bioreaktors insluit. Mikrobiese bioreaktore maak staat op n geskikte koolstofbron soos etanol, grasse en bemesting en die skep van ‘n anaerobiese omgewing vir die verwydering van sulfate en chemies oksideerbare organiese material (CSB), asook die neutralisering van pH. Huishoudelike afvalwaterslyk is ook uitgewys as ‘n ekonomies geskikte en algemeen beskikbare koolstofbron wat die behandeling van beide SMW en huishoudelike afvalwater toelaat. ‘n Sintetiese medium wat die CSB en biologies afbreekbare organiese materiaal (BSB) van huishoudelike afvalwater slyk naboots is geformuleer om die variasies in die evaluasie van huishoudelike afvalwater slyk as koolstofbron vir die behandeling van SMW, uit te sluit. Eerstens is die BSB en die CSB van huishoudelike afvalwater slyk bepaal en gebruik as n maatstaf vir die formulering van die sintetiese medium. ‘n Verhouding van 1:1 sintetiese huishoudelike afvalwater slyk (SDWWS) en SMW is optimaal ratio i.t.v. die verwydering van sulfate en CSB. Tweedens is mediese dripsakkies as anaerobiese bioreaktore gebruik om die mikrobiese diversiteit in SMW, wat met SDWWS behandel is, te bepaal deur verskeie veranderlikes te gebruik. Tweede generasie DNA-volgorde bepalingstegnieke is gebruik en data analises het gewys dat Chlorobium spp. die 90 d pionier toetslopie domineer met relatiewe persentasies van 68 % en 76 %. Transmissie elektron mikroskopie fotos en die helder groen kleur van die dripsakkies se vloeistof inhoud het die data analises bevestig. Die sulfate en CSB inhoud is onderskeidelik met > 98 % en > 85 % verminder. ‘n Korter behandelingstydperk is ondersoek met n 30 d pionier toetslopie. Chlorobium spp. was dominant, gevolg deur Magnetospirillum spp. en Ornithobacterium spp. Die vloeistof inhoud het na ‘n donker bruin kleur verander. Die CSB en sulfaat konsentrasies is met 60.8 % en 96 % onderskeidelik verminder na 26 dae waarna ‘n plato bereik is. Die effek van ‘n reeds bestaande biofilm in die bioreaktore het gewys dat Chlorobium spp. ook gedomineer het teen ‘n relatiewe persentasie van 62 % in vergelyking met die 36 % in die 30 d pionier toetslopie. ‘n Vermindering in sulfate en CSB van 96 % en 58 % is onderskeidelik is bereik binne 26 d en die vloeistofinhoud was dieselfde kleur as die bioreaktore in die 30 d pionier toetslopie. Dit is moontlik dat die bruin Groen swawel bakterieë teenwoordig was. Daarom, ondanks ‘n groter teenwoordigheid van die Chlorobium spp. teen ‘n relatiewe persentasie in vergelying met die 30 d pionier toetslopie, was die verwydering van CSB en sulfate soortgelyk. Tydens die 30 d toetslopies het ‘n wit neerslag aan die bokant van die bioreaktore gevorm wat hoofsaaklik uit sulfaat en koolstof bestaan het wat ook ‘n aanduiding van die teenwoordigheid van Chlorobium spp. is. ‘n Toetslopie wat by laer temperature uitgevoer is kon die sulfate en CSB met slegs 10 % en 12 % onderskeidelik verminder nadat ‘n plato na 17 d bereik is. Ornithobacterium spp. het die eerste toetslopie gedomineer waar Magnetospirillum spp. die tweede toetslopie gedomineer het.
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Rudisell, Michael T. "Evaluation of the Broken Aro flue-gas desulfurization sludge mine seal project to abate acid mine drainage located in coshocton county, Ohio." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 1999. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1175630479.

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Bourgès-Gastaud, Sébastien. "Développement de géocomposites innovants dédiés à l'assèchement de boues minières : contributions des phénomènes mécanique et électro-osmotique." Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENU018.

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L'industrie minière produit d'énormes quantités de déchet (millions de tonnes par an), souvent sous forme de boue à cause de la forte teneur en eau et en argile. Ces boues liquides sont problématiques car elles se consolident très lentement : elles limitent la réhabilitation des parcs à résidus où elles sont stockées et augmentent le risque de rupture des barrages entourant les parcs à résidus (coulée de boue). Améliorer l'assèchement des boues minières est nécessaire afin d'augmenter la stabilité des parcs à résidus et de recycler l'eau contenue dans la boue. La solution proposée dans cette thèse consiste à insérer des géocomposites de drainage (GCP) dans les parcs à résidus afin de permettre à l'eau contenue dans la boue de s'évacuer. Pour mobiliser l'eau dans ces boues à faible conductivité hydraulique, deux phénomènes ont été investigués : la consolidation des boues sous contrainte mécanique et la migration de l'eau par électro-osmose (EO). Afin d'attester de la faisabilité d'appliquer ces 2 phénomènes avec des GCP, chacune des fonctions des GCP a été évaluée : les fonctions de base (filtration et drainage) pour provoquer l'asséchement mécanique et une nouvelle fonction de conduction électrique pour appliquer l'EO.La filtration de boue par géotextile (GTX) a été investiguée car contrairement à la filtration de sol, elle demeurait peu décrite dans la littérature et semblait délicate à cause de l'argilosité de la boue. Des tests de filtration sous pression ont permis de tester 8 GTX avec une même boue argileuse, puis 8 boues de granularités différentes avec un même GTX. Les résultats indiquent que les GTX n'ont un impact qu'au début de la filtration : ils retiennent les particules les plus grossières ce qui induit la formation d'un gâteau de filtration qui devient rapidement l'élément filtrant, le GTX n'est alors plus qu'un support. Une même boue filtrée par 8 GTX différents conduit à un même assèchement alors que les 8 boues différentes filtrées avec un même GTX conduisent à 8 assèchements différents : l'assèchement final est contrôlé par la composition de la boue et est totalement indépendant du GTX utilisé. Ces essais de filtration ont permis d'évaluer l'assèchement mécanique des boues : la pression appliquée (50kPa) conduit à l'expulsion de l'eau libre, alors que l'eau liée reste dans la boue. Cela est dû aux différents niveaux de liaison de l'eau dans la boue : l'eau liée ne peut être extraite mécaniquement. Ainsi les fonctions de base des GCP provoquent un asséchement mécanique du à l'augmentation de la contrainte lors du remplissage des parcs à résidus. En revanche, l'asséchement mécanique est limité à l'extraction de l'eau libre ; il est apparu essentiel de proposer un nouveau moteur pour extraire l'eau liée.La principale innovation de ce travail est l'ajout d'une nouvelle fonction au GCP : l'ajout d'éléments conducteurs dans les GCP permet d'appliquer l'EO dans les boues. Ce phénomène permet de mobiliser une partie de l'eau liée en imposant un courant électrique. Des prototypes de GCP électrocinétique (eGCP) ont été développés et testés dans un dispositif expérimental dédié. Les résultats montrent que la filtration et la conduction électrique sont assurées efficacement par les eGCP disposés de part et d'autre de la boue. La boue testée est issue des sables bitumineux (FFT) et est très problématique car sa consolidation est extrêmement lente. Les résultats obtenus sont très encourageants : la phase mécanique porte la siccité de la boue de 45% à 61%, puis l'EO permet d'atteindre une siccité de 77% et une résistance au cisaillement de 77 kPa, alors que la réglementation exige d'atteindre 10 kPa.Pour conclure, les différentes expérimentations montrent que les boues minières peuvent être asséchées par des GCP en cumulant les effets de la compression mécanique, grâce aux fonctions classiques des GCP et de l'EO grâce à l'ajout d'une nouvelle fonction de conduction électrique. Cette solution a fait l'objet d'un brevet
A host of mining practices produces huge quantity of fine-grained mineral sludges whose disposal in ponds is often challenging. The key problem caused by these sludges is their very poor geotechnical properties, which are caused by their high water and clay content. These sludges are hard to dewater because of their low hydraulic conductivity. Dewatering sludges to increase its shear strength and reduce the volume of material to be contained thus represents a preferred path to reduce the risk of pond's failure, reduce the pond's footprint, and maximize water recycling. To dewater mining sludges, the solution foreseen in this PhD is to intercalate some geocomposites (GCPs) layers within the sludge-disposal area to create draining horizons to permit mechanical dewatering and to apply electro-osmosis (EO) across sludges layers to induce water migration. To evaluate the efficiency of GCPs at enhancing sludges dewatering by both of these phenomena, the different functions of GCPs (filtration, drainage, and electric conduction) were experimentally investigated during this PhD.To study sludge filtration by geotextile (GTX), pressure filtration tests were used to filter 8 different high-clay-content sludges with 8 different nonwoven GTXs. Only a few studies have considered the filtration of sludge by GTXs. The sludges were formulated by mixing kaolinite and silt to obtain 8 different grain-size distributions. The results indicate that sludges can be filtered with nonwoven GTXs selected on the basis of their pore-opening size. In addition, only during the early stage of filtration GTXs really influence filtering because it is at this stage that, by retaining coarser particles, they allow progressive formation of filter cake. Upon forming, the filter cake becomes the major contributor to particle retention. The sludge composition is found to be the most significant factor affecting the final state of dewatering. In other words, the GTX does not control the final dewatering; the sludge itself controls the final solid content. These filtration tests showed that mechanical dewatering is effective for removing free water, but bounded water remains in the sludge because of the high bonding forces between water and solid matter. Facing this limitation of mechanical dewatering, a new way to extract bounded water had to be proposed.The main innovation brought by this PhD concerns the addition of a new function to GCP, by adding conductive elements into the GCP to apply EO in the sludge. Electro-osmosis (EO) forces water to migrate from anode to cathode and is sufficient to remove a significant portion of bounded water that cannot be removed by mechanical dewatering. Some prototypes of electro-kinetics GCP (eGCP) were developed, and tested in a new laboratory setup. This experimental device was developed to evaluate simultaneously the different functions of eGCPs, namely, drainage or filtration and electrical conductivity. It has the particularity that it uses eGCPs as both a draining medium and electrode. The results show that fluid fine tailings (FFTs), a particularly hard to dewater sludge from oil-sand exploitation, are significantly dewatered by the combination of normal stress compression, and then EO treatment: the FFT solids content increased from 45% to 61% during the compression phase and to 77% during the EO phase. The applied treatment led to a significant consolidation of the FFT: shear strength increased from zero to about 77 kPa which is significantly greater than the 10 kPa required by government regulations.To conclude, eGCPs can drain water expulsed during sludge consolidation in response to the filling of the disposal area, thanks to the classical function of GCP, as well as impose a voltage across FFT to displace water by electro-osmosis from anode to cathode, thanks to conductive elements embedded in eGCP. This solution was patented at the end of the PhD
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7

Burgers, C. L. (Colleen Lucie). "Synthesis and characterisation of sesquioxidic precipitates formed by the reaction of acid mine drainage with fly ash leachate." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/16266.

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Thesis (MScAgric)--University of Stellenbosch, 2003.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Coal mining in South Africa is estimated to produce 200 Ml of acid mine drainage (AMD) per day in the Pretoria-Witwatersrand-Vereeniging (PWV) area alone, while electricity production resulted in approximately 27 Mt of ash in 2001. A large number of collieries in South Africa are tied to power stations where these two waste streams, acid mine drainage and fly ash, have the capacity to neutralize each other and provide an opportunity for co-disposal. The aim of this study was to investigate the reactions that occur during the co-disposal of fly ash leachate (FAL) and AMD and to examine the precipitates that result from the neutralisation reactions. Potentiometric titration was employed to investigate the neutralisation of Al-Fe salt solutions, simulating acid mine drainage (AMD), with alkaline solutions of Ca or Na hydroxide as well as fresh alkaline leachate from fly ash (FAL). The effectiveness of fly ash in removing metals and other salts from acid mine water was examined by analysing the neutralised water and modelling the results thermodynamically. Precipitates, prepared from large scale synthetic AMD and FAL co-disposal at various pH levels and Fe:Al ratios, were characterised according to composition, mineralogy and surface properties. The experimental neutralisation of synthetic acid mine drainage was achieved through titrating the components of SAMD (Fe and Al salt solutions) and solutions of various Fe:Al mole ratios with different bases in air and N2, and comparing the SAMD-FAL system with these simple acids and bases. The FAL used in all experiments was produced from fresh fly ash collected at Arnot power station. The SAMD was prepared as a solution with a pH of 2.5 and containing 12.7 mmol/L Al, 10.9 mmol/L Fe and 40.8 mmol/L SO4. The characterisation of reaction solids was achieved by collecting the precipitates formed from the co-disposal of FAL and SAMD with Fe:Al ratios of 7.3, 0.8 and 2.5. From the titration experiments it was found that upscale potentiometric titrations of SAMD show buffer zones at pH values of 3.5, 4, 6 and 10 corresponding to Fe(III)precipitation, Al precipitation, Fe(II) hydrolysis and oxidation, and Al redissolution, respectively, while downscale potentiometric titrations with SAMD show buffer zones at pH values 12 – 11, 9 and 4.5, which correspond to Fe oxidation and precipitation, Al precipitation and Al re-dissolution, respectively. A high concentration of Al in the simulated AMD inhibited the crystallinity of the precipitates and resulted in a large quantity of SO4 being removed from solution, which suggests that an aluminium sulphate phase is precipitating, but it is not crystalline and cannot be identified by XRD. Titrations performed up-scale by adding FAL to AMD showed near-complete metal and substantial SO4 removal from solution. The characterisation of reaction solids by x-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, thermal gravimetric and differential thermal analysis revealed that the precipitates consist of poorly crystalline, highly Al-substituted goethite and ferrihydrite with large amounts of SO4 included in the structure. Poorly crystalline bayerite appears at a high pH and high Al concentration, and calcite is present in precipitates made by adding SAMD to FAL. High surface charges of between 330 cmolc/kg positive and 550 cmolc/kg negative charge and potentially large specific surface areas between 7 and 236 m2/g suggest a strong potential for the precipitates to function as low-grade adsorbents in wastewater treatment. The similarity of these ochre precipitates to soil minerals implies that land disposal of the neutralised solids is also viable.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Steenkool mynbou in SA produseer na benaming 200 ML suur mynwater per dag in die PWV area alleenlik, terwyl opwekking van elektrisiteit naastenby 27 Mt vliegas geproduseer het in 2001. ’n Groot aantal steenkoolmyne in SA word verbind met kragsentrales, waar hierdie twee strome afval, suur mynwater en vliegas, die kapasiteit het om mekaar te neutraliseer en die weg te baan vir gesamentlike wegdoening. Die doel van hierdie studie was om die reaksies wat plaasvind gedurende gesamentlike wegdoening van vliegas loog (VAL) en suur mynwater (SMW) te ondersoek, asook die neerslae wat mag vorm as gevolg van neutralisasie reaksies. Potensiometriese titrasies was gebruik om die neutralisering tussen Al:Fe-sout oplossings te ondersoek as nabootsing van SMW met gebruikmaking van alkaliese oplossings van Ca of Na hidroksied asook vars loog van VA. Die effektiwiteit van VA om metale en soute uit SMW te verwyder was getoets deur outleding van die geneutraliseerde water en modellering van die termodinamika. Neerslae berei uit groot-skaal sintetiese SMW en VAL en met gelyktydige storting by verskeie pH vlakke en Fe:Al verhoudings, was gekarakteriseer volgens samestelling, mineralogie en oppervlak eienskappe. Die eksperimentele neutralisering van sintetiese suur mynwater (SSMW) was gedoen deur titrering van die SSMW komponente en oplossings van verskeie Fe:Al molêre verhoudings met verskillende basisse in lug en N2, en vergelyking van SSMW-VAL sisteem met hierdie eenvoudige sure en basisse. Die VAL gebruik in alle eksperimente was geproduseer van vliegas verkry van die Arnot kragsentrale. Die SSMW was berei as ’n oplossing met ’n pH van 2.5 en bevat 12.7 mmol/L Al, 10.9 mmol/L Fe en 40.8 mmol/L SO4. Die karakterisering van vastestowwe uit die reaksie was gedoen deur die bemonstering van neerslae gevorm as gevolg van die gelyktydige wegdoening van VAL en SSMW met Al:Fe verhoudings van 7.3, 0.8 en 2.5.Die was waargeneem in die titrasie eksperimente dat hoër-skaal potensiometriese titrasie van SSMW buffersones, by pH waardes 3.5, 4, 6 en 10, ooreenstem met Fe(III) presipitasie, Al presipitasie, Fe(II) hidrolise en oksidasie, en Al her oplossing, terwyl laer skaal potensiometriese titrasie met SSMW buffer sones by pH waardes 12 - 11, 9 en 4.5 ooreenstem met Fe(III) presipitasie en oksidasie, Al presipitasie en heroplossing respektiewelik. ’n Hoë konsentrasie Al in die sintetiese SMW het kristalliniteit van die neerslae geïnhibeer en veroorsaak dat ’n hoeveelheid SO4 uit oplossing verwyder is, wat suggereer dat die AlSO4 fase neerslaan maar nie kristallyn is en gevolglik nie opgetel word met x-straal diffraksie nie. Titrasies gedoen by hoërskaal deur byvoeging van VAL tot SSMW, het feitlik volledige metaal en SO4 verwydering uit oplossing getoon. Die karakterisering deur x-straal diffraksie, infrarooispektroskopie, termies gravimetries en differentiële termiese analise, het getoon dat die presipitate bestaan uit swak kristallyne, hoë Al-gesubstitueerde goethiet en ferrihidriet met groot hoeveelhede SO4 vasgevang in die struktuur. Swak kristallyne bayeriet verskyn by hoë pH en hoë Al-konsentrasies en kalsiet is teenwoordig in neerslae gevorm deur byvoeging van SSMW tot VAL. Hoë oppervlakladings van tussen 330 cmolc/kg positief en 550 cmolc/kg negatiewe lading en ook potensieel groot spesifieke oppervlak van tussen 7 en 236 m2/g, dui op ’n sterk potensiaal vir neerslae om as laegraadse adsorbeermiddels in afvalwaterbehandeling gebruik te word. Die ooreenstemming in hierdie geelbruin neerslae met grond minerale, impliseer dat die land storting van geneutraliseerde vastestowwe ook lewensvatbaar is.
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Krohn, Jeremy P. "PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF A SUCCESSIVE ALKALINITY PRODUCING SYSTEM TREATING ACID MINE DRAINAGE AT SIMMONS RUN IN COSHOCTON COUNTY, OHIO." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1173151741.

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Silva, Sabrina Mariel Corrêa da [UNESP]. "Avaliação do leito de secagem com piso de blocos drenantes para lodos gerados em Estação de Tratamento de Esgoto Sanitário." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/151583.

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Esta pesquisa sobre leito de secagem modificado com piso de blocos drenantes (wedge wire) foi desenvolvida em três etapas, sendo um acompanhamento em escala real com descartes de lodo aeróbio, outra realizada em escala piloto com descartes de lodo anaeróbio, ambos gerados em estação tratamento de esgoto sanitário (ETE), e a terceira etapa foi um levantamento de dados operacionais de alguns leitos com piso de blocos drenantes existentes no Brasil. O leito de secagem convencional de areia ainda é o método mais utilizado no Brasil para desaguamento de lodo em ETE de pequeno e médio porte. No entanto, devido ao aumento de fiscalização por órgãos ambientais, aumento de exigência por qualidade no tratamento de água e esgoto, custos elevados no gerenciamento, além de problemas com a eficiência de secagem final do lodo, odores e manutenção dos leitos, as empresas têm buscado alternativas de novas tecnologias, e/ou até mesmo por otimizações nos próprios leitos. Uma alternativa que tem se mostrado eficiente no desaguamento de lodos é o leito modificado com piso de blocos drenantes. Porém, ainda há pouca experiência com relação ao dimensionamento do leito, à sua operação e à sua eficiência por ser uma tecnologia pouca explorada no exterior e recém-chegada ao Brasil. Portanto esta pesquisa teve como objetivo avaliar o desaguamento de lodo de esgoto em leito com piso de blocos drenantes nas fases de drenagem e secagem. A drenagem do lodo foi avaliada através da vazão de drenagem após filtração de lodo no bloco drenante, da redução de volume de lodo no leito e da caracterização da qualidade da água drenada. Já a secagem foi avaliada a partir da variação do teor de sólidos totais do lodo durante o período de secagem. Como é um processo natural de secagem, o acompanhamento das condições climáticas local foi realizada. Os resultados foram satisfatórios tanto para o lodo aeróbio quanto para o anaeróbio. Em relação a drenagem, após um dia do descarte de lodo no leito com piso de blocos drenantes houve redução em torno de 90% do volume para lodo aeróbio e 70% para lodo anaeróbio. Já o teor de sólidos totais final obtido na secagem variou de acordo com o tipo de lodo, volume, taxa de aplicação de sólidos e condições climáticas. O melhor resultado de secagem para o lodo aeróbio foi de 95,3% de sólidos totais em 36 dias de secagem, e para o lodo anaeróbio, o máximo atingido foi de 63,5% em 24 dias, em condições de secagem diferentes.
This research about wedge wire floor sludge bed was developed in three stages, first one was a monitoring in real scale with aerobic sludge discards, another one performed in a pilot scale with anaerobic sludge discard, both generated in wastewater treatment plant (WWTP), and the third stage was a survey of operational information of some wedge wire floor sludge bed in operation in Brazil. The conventional sand drying bed is still the most used system in Brazil for dewatering and drying of sludge generated during sewage treatment in small and médium size WWTP. However, due to the increase in inspection by environmental agencies, increased demands for quality in treatment, high costs in management, as well as problems with final sludge drying efficiency, odors and bed maintenance, the companies have been looking for alternatives to new technologies, and even optimizations in existing beds. An alternative that has proven efficient in the dewatering of sludge is the modified sludge bed with wedge wire floor. However, there is still little experience with the dimensioning of the bed, its operation and efficiency because it is a technology that has not been used abroad and recently arrived in Brazil. Therefore, this research had as objective to evaluate the dewatering of sewage sludge in wedge wire bed in the drainage and drying phases. The drainage of the sludge was evaluated through the drainage flow after filtration in the wedge wire floor, the reduction of sludge volume in the bed and the characterization of the quality of the drained water. Drying was evaluated by increasing the total solid content of the sludge during the entire drying period. As it is a natural drying process, monitoring of the local climatic conditions was performed. The results were satisfactory for both aerobic and anaerobic sludge. In relation to the drainage, after one day from discharge in the bed, there was a reduction of around 90% of the volume for aerobic sludge and 70% for anaerobic sludge. However, the final solid content obtained in the drying varied according to the type of sludge, volume, solids application rate and climatic conditions. The best drying result for aerobic sludge was 95.3% of total solid in 36 days of drying, and for anaerobic sludge the maximum reached was 63.5% in 24 days, in different climate conditions.
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10

Ek, Emmelie. "Återvunnet vatten : använda renat avloppsvatten i processen." Thesis, Högskolan Kristianstad, Fakulteten för naturvetenskap, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-22095.

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Fältstudien gjordes för att utreda om det var möjligt att använda renat, filtrerat avloppsvatten för polymerberedning och i längden även som övrigt processvatten på Ellinge reningsverk. Testerna utfördes i fullskala med både vatten från mellansedimenteringen och slutsedimenteringen. Genom omfattande provtagningar och analysering av resultaten visade det sig vara en fungerande metod utan negativ påverkan på polymerlösningen och slamavvattningen. Det krävs dock mer arbete och ytterligare reningssteg såsom desinficering för att implementera det renade avloppsvattnet på hela vattensystemet.
The field study was done to investigate whether it was possible to use purified, filtered wastewater for polymer preparation and in the long run also as other process water at Ellinge treatment plant. The tests was performed in full scale with both water from the intermediate sedimentation and the final sedimentation. Through extensive sampling and analysis of results, it proved to be a working method without a negative impact on the polymer solution and sludge dewatering. However, more work and addiotional purification steps such as disinfection are required to implement the treated wastewater on the entire water system
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Books on the topic "Sludge drainage"

1

Mermillod-Blondin, Raphael. Laboratory project: Sludge characterization. Montréal, Qué: Dept.of Mining, Metals and Materials Engineering, McGill University, 2001.

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Watzlaf, G. R. The solubility of iron and manganese in mine drainage treatment sludge. S.l: s.n, 1990.

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Dhillon, Dildeep Singh. Sulfide and alkalinity production from activated sludge to treat acid mine drainage. Ottawa: National Library of Canada, 1998.

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Robertson, Kevin. Characterization of nickel hydroxide sludge using the variable pressure SEM. Montréal, Qué: Dept.of Mining, Metals and Materials Engineering, McGill University, 2004.

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Jambor, J. L. Mineralogical study of sludge precipitates derived by lime neutralization of acidic mine effluents. [Ottawa, Ont.]: Environmental Laboratory, 1991.

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Higgs, Thomas W. ARD treatment plant sludge--Chemical stability and disposal considerations. IN Gadsby, J. W.; Malick, J. A.; Day, S. J., editors, Acid mine drainage--Designing for closure. S.l: s.n, 1990.

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Sutradhar, Sunil Chandra. Principles of design of drainage sluice. Dhaka: (S.n.), 1994.

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Canada Centre for Mineral and Energy Technology, MEND (Canada), and SENES Consultants Limited, eds. Acid mine drainage: Status of chemical treatment and sludge management practices. Ottawa, ON: CANMET, 1994.

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Canada Centre for Mineral and Energy Technology and MEND (Canada), eds. Characterization and stability of acid mine drainage treatment sludges. Ottawa, ON: CANMET, 1997.

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Book chapters on the topic "Sludge drainage"

1

Harris, Mark Anglin, and Santo Ragusa. "Bioremediation of a Stagnant Polluted Acid Mine Drainage Using a Clay-Lime Spiked Sludge and Bacterial Degradation." In Geobiotechnological Solutions to Anthropogenic Disturbances, 143–93. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-30465-6_7.

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Naib, S. K. Al. "Diffusion of the Sluice Way Jet." In Hydraulic Design in Water Resources Engineering: Land Drainage, 293–303. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-22014-6_28.

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"Removal of Cadmium, Iron and Sulfate from Synthetic Acid Rock Drainage Using Metal- Tolerant Sulfate Reducing Bacterial Sludge." In Materials in Environmental Engineering, 1235–44. De Gruyter, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110516623-121.

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"Application of mine sludge for arsenic adsorption from mine drainage and comparison of removal efficiency by reactor design." In Understanding the Geological and Medical Interface of Arsenic - As 2012, 323–24. CRC Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b12522-111.

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Tan, L. C., S. Papirio, V. Luongo, Y. V. Nancharaiah, P. Cennamo, G. Esposito, E. van Hullebusch, and P. N. L. Lens. "Comparative performance of anaerobic attached biofilm and granular sludge reactors for the treatment of model mine drainage wastewater containing selenate, sulfate and nickel." In Anaerobic treatment of mine wastewater for the removal of selenate and its co-contaminants, 153–87. CRC Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429448676-6.

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"Table 1: Average composition of faeces and urine after separation by a filter net (0.78x0.78) Faeces Urine Dry matter (%) 32.50 1.92 Crude ash of dry matter 25.70 63.10 N-Kj (%) 1.24 0.34 NH -N 34 0.35 (%) 1.64 0.05 K20 85 0.62 CaO 45 0.04 MgO 48 0.02 Cu ppm 197 2.50 pH 9.1 From Table 1 it is evident that the percentages of the minerals in the faeces are high. In the urine the percentages are much lower except potassium. By manuring grassland potassium is the limiting factor, while o.n arable land the quantity of nitrogen needs to be taken into account. In applying solid manure to cropland the Cu-content needs to be taken into account. Depending on the Cu-status of the soil, 0-6 kg Cu/ha is advised. By fertilizing with 10 t/ha of solid manure about 3 kg Cu/ha is administered Because only a small amount of copper is taken up by plant growth and lost through drainage, the application of solid manure needs to be spread out over a few years if Cu is not to accumulate in the soil. 5.2 Odour_emissions It can be concluded that separation and removal of urine and faeces from piggery result in a reduced formation of odour components (5). This might result in a decrease of the precieved odour as compared with a housing system with underslat slurry storage. In order to obtain a reliable figure for the actual odour reduction, measurements have been carried out. Samples of ventilation air from a pighouse with underslat slurry storage as well as a pighouse with filter nets were taken on a number of different occasions. All samples were collected in bags made from FEP-Teflon. Odour experiments were performed the following day using a dilution apparatus (olfactometer) and a group of observers (panel). Since the establishment of the odour intensity is a time consuming affair, it has become practice in Dutch agricultural odour research to concentrate on the establishment of the odour treshold (6). The odour treshold is defined as that dilution of odorous air which." In Odour Prevention and Control of Organic Sludge and Livestock Farming, 232. CRC Press, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781482286311-92.

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Hayes, T. M., M. H. B. Hayes, and L. V. Vaidyanathan. "The Influence of Humic Substances from Drainage Waters on the Transportation of Anthropogenic Organic Chemicals." In Humic Substances, Peats and Sludges, 208–18. Elsevier, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-1-85573-805-8.50023-9.

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Ross, M. V., and G. J. Mullen. "Cheese Whey Applications to Two Contrasting Soil Types: Effects on Grass Growth, Soil Properties, and Drainage Water Composition." In Humic Substances, Peats and Sludges, 462–74. Elsevier, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-1-85573-805-8.50047-1.

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Hustwit, C. C., H. M. Edonborn, and L. A. Brickett. "Conversion of mine drainage treatment sludges to sulfides using biogenic hydrogen sulfide." In Global Environmental Biotechnology, Proceedings of the Third Biennial Meeting of the International Society for Environmental Biotechnology, 51–59. Elsevier, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0166-1116(97)80034-9.

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Ghosh, S. N. "Design Considerations for Tidal Sluice Gates for Drainage and Fish Farms in Aquaculture." In Tidal Hydraulic Engineering, 166–78. Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780203735688-12.

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Conference papers on the topic "Sludge drainage"

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Rezbárik, Ján, Dušan Majerský, and Stanislav Sekely. "Decontamination of the Special Drainage System at NPP A-1." In ASME 2001 8th International Conference on Radioactive Waste Management and Environmental Remediation. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2001-1305.

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Abstract The first Czecho-slovak nuclear power plant A-1 was shut down after an accident in 1977 and it is now under decommissioning. In spite of that, some technological systems in nuclear power plant must remain in operation. The planned service life of these systems has already been exceeded and their technical design is not suitable for present requirements. These operated technological systems must be repaired and reconstructed. The special drainage system is one of the technological systems that must be in operation during the decommissioning process. After twenty-nine-year’-s of operation it became necessary to carry out the repairs, adaptations and replacements of some parts of this system with the aim to ensure more reliable operation and higher safety. Radioactive sludge from the bottom of the collecting tank and drain pit was pumped out using an ejector and it was caught in drums. The fixed contamination on the inner surface of the collecting tank was removed by the chemical loop decontamination method using an external circulating decontamination device. The surface of the drain pit was decontaminated with evenly spread decontamination gel that disrupted the fixed contamination. The contamination was then washed down using a water jet system with attached rotary brushes. At NPP A-1, an immobilisation method for the treatment of radioactive sludge and solid particles based on the addition of silicates was successfully used by AllDeco for the first time. This sludge is often sticky with the high tendency to settle out the liquid and has a specific activity three orders of magnitude higher than are the limits for the Conditioning Centre (with high content of alpha radionuclides) and because it is not sound and effective to treat it by technologies generally used for another type of wastes. The immobilisation of the sludge was performed at room temperature. The resulting solid product has suitable properties for temporary storage. Procedures for the verification of the treatment of further sludge from NPP A-1 have been started.
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Hua, Li, Rui Li, and Susu Jin. "Study on character of contamination in sewage sludge of south Tai lake drainage area." In 2011 International Conference on Remote Sensing, Environment and Transportation Engineering (RSETE). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/rsete.2011.5965525.

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Medved, Jan, and Ladislav Vargovcik. "Decommissioning of the A-1 NPP Long-Term Storage Facility." In ASME 2009 12th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2009-16299.

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The paper deals with experience, techniques and new applied equipment durig undergoing decommissioning process of the A-1 NPP long-term pool storage and the follow-up decommissioning plan. For rad-waste disposal of the long-term pool storage (where most of the contaminants had remained following the removal of spent fuel) special equipment has been developed, designed, constructed and installed. The purpose of this equipment is the restorage, drainage and fragmentation of cartridges (used as a spent fuel case), as well as treatment of sludge (located at the pool bottom) and of the remaining liquid radwaste. The drainage equipment for cartridges is designed for discharging KCr2 solution from cartridges with spent fuel rods into the handling storage tank in the short-term storage facility and adjustment of the cartridges for railway transport, prior to the liquidation of the spent fuel rod. The equipment ensures full remote visual control of the process and exact monitoring of its technical parameters, including that of the internal nitrogen atmosphere concentration value. Cartridges without fuel and liquid filling are transferred to the equipment for their processing which includes fragmentation into smaller parts, decontamination, filling into drums with their sealed closing and measurement of radioactive dose. For the fragmentation, special shearing equipment is used which leaves the pipe fragment open for the following decontamination. For cleaning the cartridge bottom from radioactive sludge water jet system is used combined with slow speed milling used for preparing the opening for water jet nozzle. The sludge from the cartridge bottom is fixed into ceramic matrix. Nuclear Power Plant JE A-1 (since 1980 in decommissioning) is situated in the locality of Jaslovske´ Bohunice. So far the decommissioning of the Long-term storage was carried out within Stage I of A-1NPP decommissioning. This year the Stage I of decommissioning finished, and the performance of Stage II of decommissioning was started. Decommissioning of the long-term storage facility continues within Stage II of the A-1 NPP decommissioning process.
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Chen, Ming, Wanfu Huang, Yonghong Zhao, Yunlen Chen, Ling Zhao, and Wen Ni. "Using Milk of Lime for Neutralization Precipitation in a High Density Sludge Process to Treat Acid Mine Drainage of a Gold-Copper Mine." In 2009 3rd International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedical Engineering (iCBBE 2009). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icbbe.2009.5163738.

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Schubert, Frank, and Ian Parkinson. "Renewable Energy and Water System (REWS) at Musco Family Co. Olive Plant." In ASME 2009 3rd International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the Heat Transfer and InterPACK09 Conferences. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2009-90315.

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This paper presents the results of a demonstration of a unique water distillation system at the Musco Family Olive Plant in Tracy, California. The Musco REWS (Renewable Energy/Water System) was developed by Combined Solar Technologies (CST) of Carmel Valley, California using its SteamBoy™ brine boiler technology. The system is powered using solar thermal and biomass energy. The notoriously hard to clean waste water from the olive canning process was a challenge for CST, a start-up company who had previously done successful technology demonstration projects for the California Department of Water Resources (agricultural drainage water) and Clint Eastwood’s Tehama Golf course Water Treatment Plant (Reverse Osmosis Brine). The olive waste water at the Musco plant contained a high concentration of salts as well as organic materials. CST successfully treated water directly from the plants waste water stream (12,000 TDS) as well as the water from the plants Title 27 ponds (67,000 TDS). The CST processed water averaged 250 TDS. The CST REWS at the Musco olive facility uses one of the plants waste (olive pits) streams to provide the heat energy for the process. The olive pits are combusted in fluid bed burners that are specially designed for olive pit combustion. The Musco plants 200 tons per week of olive pits contain 8800 btu/lb (dry). The olive pits are fed into the CST burners where the heat energy is used to heat a heat transfer fluid (HTF) to 450F. The HTF is then directed to the SteamBoy™ brine boilers. The heat from the HTF evaporates the plants waste water under pressure. The resulting pressurized saturated steam is then used to power SteamBoy™ steam engine/generator sets. The engines are set up to leave large quantities of heat in the exhaust. That heat is used to take the remaining solids and sludge to a dry state in custom built drying pans that separate the minerals from the water, leaving a very high concentration of organics in the remaining water. That water is used in the burners for temperature control and as a way to eliminate the organics with combustion. The exhaust from the combustion of the olive pits goes first though an electrostatic particle separator and then to a selective catalytic reduction system. From there the exhaust is directed to bubbling algae tanks that reduce the CO2 by over 50%. The system has completed a successful demonstration phase and is now being upgraded to a full scale plant (50,000 GPD).
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Talley, Matthew L., Matthew D. Zimmer, and Igor A. Bolotnov. "Coalescence Prevention Algorithm for Level Set Method." In ASME 2016 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting collocated with the ASME 2016 Heat Transfer Summer Conference and the ASME 2016 14th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2016-7608.

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The application of interface tracking methods to bubbly flow modeling has grown in recent years due to improvements in computing performance and development of more efficient solvers. However, the standard formulation of most interface tracking methods is not designed to physically handle the interface interactions at reasonable grid sizes. Regardless of the method used, a high grid resolution is required in the liquid film region in order to properly model drainage process during bubble interaction, which in certain conditions prevents the coalescence. This makes large scale (many bubbles) simulations unaffordable. One of the popular interface tracking approached is the level-set (LS) method. To simulate realistic bubble coalescence behavior in the LS method an algorithm with the capability of delaying or preventing the process of multiple simultaneous coalescence events has been developed. Bubble interaction plays a significant role in high void fraction flow behavior and affects the transition to other flow regimes (e.g. churn-turbulent or slug flows). The described algorithm allows to improve the accuracy of predicting coalescence events in these relevant cases and has been tested in a variety of conditions and computational meshes. This novel algorithm uses the LS method field to detect when bubbles are in close proximity, indicating a potential coalescence event, and applies a subgrid scale force to simulate the unresolved liquid drainage force. The subgrid-model is introduced by locally modifying the surface tension force near the liquid film drainage area. The algorithm can also simulate the liquid drainage time of the thin film by controlling the length of time the increased surface tension has been applied. Thus a new method of modeling bubble coalescence has been developed. Several test cases were designed to demonstrate the capabilities of the algorithm. The simulations, including a mesh study, confirmed the abilities to identify and prevent coalescence as well as implement the time tracking portion, with an additional 10–25% computational cost. Ongoing tests aim to verify the algorithm’s functionality for simulations with different flow conditions, a ranging number of bubbles, and both structured and unstructured computational mesh types. Specifically, a bubble rising towards a free surface provides a test of performance and demonstrates the ability to consistently prevent coalescence. In addition, a two bubble case and a seven bubble case provide a more complex demonstration of how the algorithm performs for larger simulations. These cases are compared to much more expensive simulations capable of resolving the liquid film drainage (through very high local mesh resolution), to investigate how the algorithm replicates the liquid film drainage process.
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Reports on the topic "Sludge drainage"

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Hendren, Zachary, and Gyu Dong Kim. Low Cost Rare Earth Element (REE) Recovery from Acid Mine Drainage Sludge. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1580053.

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