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Xu, Deming, Deborah J. Field, Shou-Jiang Tang, Arnaud Moris, Brian P. Bobechko, and James D. Friesen. "Synthetic Lethality of Yeast slt Mutations with U2 Small Nuclear RNA Mutations Suggests Functional Interactions between U2 and U5 snRNPs That Are Important for Both Steps of Pre-mRNA Splicing." Molecular and Cellular Biology 18, no. 4 (April 1, 1998): 2055–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.18.4.2055.
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ABSTRACT A genetic screen was devised to identify Saccharomyces cerevisiae splicing factors that are important for the function of the 5′ end of U2 snRNA. Six slt (stands for synthetic lethality with U2) mutants were isolated on the basis of synthetic lethality with a U2 snRNA mutation that perturbs the U2-U6 snRNA helix II interaction. SLT11 encodes a new splicing factor andSLT22 encodes a new RNA-dependent ATPase RNA helicase (D. Xu, S. Nouraini, D. Field, S. J. Tang, and J. D. Friesen, Nature 381:709–713, 1996). The remaining four sltmutations are new alleles of previously identified splicing genes:slt15, previously identified as prp17(slt15/prp17-100), slt16/smd3-1,slt17/slu7-100, and slt21/prp8-21. slt11-1 andslt22-1 are synthetically lethal with mutations in the 3′ end of U6 snRNA, a region that affects U2-U6 snRNA helix II; however,slt17/slu7-100 and slt21/prp8-21 are not. This difference suggests that the latter two factors are unlikely to be involved in interactions with U2-U6 snRNA helix II but rather are specific to interactions with U2 snRNA. Pairwise synthetic lethality was observed among slt11-1 (which affects the first step of splicing) and several second-step factors, includingslt15/prp17-100, slt17/slu7-100, andprp16-1. Mutations in loop 1 of U5 snRNA, a region that is implicated in the alignment of the two exons, are synthetically lethal with slu4/prp17-2 and slu7-1 (D. Frank, B. Patterson, and C. Guthrie, Mol. Cell. Biol. 12:5179–5205, 1992), as well as with slt11-1, slt15/prp17-100,slt17/slu7-100, and slt21/prp8-21. These same U5 snRNA mutations also interact genetically with certain U2 snRNA mutations that lie in the helix I and helix II regions of the U2-U6 snRNA structure. Our results suggest interactions among U2 snRNA, U5 snRNA, and Slt protein factors that may be responsible for coupling and coordination of the two reactions of pre-mRNA splicing.
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Gárate-Rascón, María, Miriam Recalde, Maddalen Jimenez, María Elizalde, María Azkona, Marina Bárcena-Varela, Leticia Colyn, et al. "SLU7 downregulation potentiates liver damage through hepatic de-differentiation." Journal of Hepatology 73 (August 2020): S212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0168-8278(20)30930-2.
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Tobing, Edward ML. "UJI SENSITIVITAS VOLUME SLUG PADA INJEKSI ALKALI MELALUI MODEL SIMULASI CORE FLOODING EOR." Lembaran publikasi minyak dan gas bumi 53, no. 1 (April 2, 2019): 15–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.29017/lpmgb.53.1.360.
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Penerapan salah satu metode enhanced oil recovery (EOR) yaitu menginjeksikan alkali ke dalam reservoir dengan tujuan agar dapat meningkatkan produksi dari lapangan minyak tua. Fungsi alkali adalah untuk menurunkan tegangan antar muka dan mengubah sifat kebasahan batuan dari oil wet menjadi water wet. Tulisan ini membahas tentang pengembangan model simulasi coreflooding injeksi alkali dengan menggunakan data percobaan di laboratorium, dan validasi dari model simulasi tersebut dilakukan dengan cara menyelaraskan terhadap hasil uji coreflooding. Percobaan coreflooding alkali dilakukan pada core standar batu pasir Bentheimer sampai tahap produksi tersier dalam kondisi reservoir, yang dibagi dalam 5(lima) segmen slug: (1). Slug Alkali dengan konsentrasi NaOH 0.005 fraksi mol sebanyak 0.25 Pore Volume. (2). Slug Polimer spike dengan konsentrasi polimer 4.0x10-6 fraksi mol sebanyak 0.25 PV. (3). Slug Decreasing polimer-1 dengan konsentrasi polimer 3.2x10-6 fraksi mol sebanyak 0.25 PV. (4). Slug Decreasing polimer-2 dengan konsentrasi polimer 2.56x10-6 fraksi mol sebanyak 0.25 PV. (5). Slug air sebanyak 2.0 PV. Dari hasil uji core flooding tersebut menunjukkan perolehan minyak sebesar 68.75% original in place dari saturasi minyak tersisa setelah injeksi air. Analisis uji sensitivitas dilakukan dengan mengkombinasikan secara bertahap volume slug alkalin, slug polimer-spike, slug decreasing-polimer-1, slug decreasing-polimer-2 dan slug air untuk memperkirakan adanya perubahan perolehan minyak dengan serangkaian run model simulasi. Berdasarkan hasil uji sensitivitas tersebut, maka perolehan minyak maksimum didapat sebesar 81.41% original in place dari saturasi minyak tersisa untuk kasus volume slug: alkali 0.15PV, polimer-spike 0.30PV, decreasing polimer-1 sebanyak 0.30PV, decreasing-polimer-2 sebanyak 0.25PV dan slug air 1.5PV. Atau bertambah 12.65 % original in place dari saturasi minyak tersisa dibandingkan hasil uji coreflooding.
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Kim, Joori, In-Ho Kim, Han Hee Lee, Sung Hak Lee, and Jae Myung PARK. "Slug overexpression and association with clinicopathological features in gastric cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 38, no. 4_suppl (February 1, 2020): 426. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2020.38.4_suppl.426.
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426 Background: Slug is a suppressive transcriptional factor of E-cadherin, acting as an activator of epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT). Its clinical relevance in gastric cancer(GC) is not fully known. Methods: Our study evaluated the expression patterns of EMT and cancer stem cell markers in GC patients who had clinical stage 2-3, underwent gastrectomy, D2 lymph node dissection (LND), adjuvant chemotherapy. Immunohistochemistry of E-cadherin, vimentin, CD133, ABCG2, NEDD9, SMAD4, XB130, Slug, Snail were investigated from 210 gastric cancer samples using tissue microarrays. The correlation between each markers expressed and the association with clinicopathological factors were analyzed. Results: Slug expression was more frequent in stage 3 than stage 2 (p=0.000), advanced T (p=0.007) and N stage (p=0.001), while histologic type did not make difference. Slug expression correlated with the expression of cancer stem cell marker CD133 (r=0.180, p=0.015) and CD133 expression was also related with ABCG2 (r=0.412, p=0.000). High Slug group showed shorter overall survival, compared to low Slug group (median OS 134 vs 124 months, p=0.044). The 2-year and 5-year disease-free (DF) rate for patients with high Slug and low Slug was 87.1% and 79.8%, 68.1% and 79.8%, respectively(p=0.038). The DFS curve reached an earlier plateau at 11-month in low Slug group, while in high Slug group took as long as 99 months. A multivariate analysis using the Cox proportional hazards regression model demonstrated Slug to be an independent prognostic factor for overall survival; hazard ratio 0.504 [95% CI 0.278-0.916] (p=0.025). Conclusions: In stage 2-3 GC patients who underwent gastrectomy with D2 LND and adjuvant chemotherapy, high Slug expression is associated with better disease-free and overall survival. Patients may benefit by testing Slug immunohistochemistry to predict prognosis after gastrectomy.
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Telmesani, Reem, Jada A. H. White, and Aaron B. Beeler. "Liquid-Liquid Slug-Flow-Accelerated [2+2] Photocycloaddition of Cinnamates." ChemPhotoChem 2, no. 10 (June 6, 2018): 865–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cptc.201800081.
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Telmesani, Reem, Jada A. H. White, and Aaron B. Beeler. "Liquid-Liquid Slug-Flow-Accelerated [2+2] Photocycloaddition of Cinnamates." ChemPhotoChem 2, no. 10 (October 2018): 829. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cptc.201800192.
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KENNEDY, T. F., J. CONNERY, T. FORTUNE, D. FORRISTAL, and J. GRANT. "A comparison of the effects of minimum-till and conventional-till methods, with and without straw incorporation, on slugs, slug damage, earthworms and carabid beetles in autumn-sown cereals." Journal of Agricultural Science 151, no. 5 (September 19, 2012): 605–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859612000706.
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SUMMARYThe present study compared slug, earthworm and carabid beetle abundance and slug damage to plants in minimum tillage (MT) and conventional tillage (CT) autumn-sown cereals. Winter barley was sown by CT and MT for 3 years followed by winter wheat for 6 years on a light-textured soil (Trial 1). Each cultivation was split so that straw was incorporated into the soil during cultivation in one split while the other did not receive straw. A similar investigation with winter wheat, over the same period, was undertaken on a nearby heavy-textured soil (Trial 2). The effects of method of cultivation and soil incorporation of straw on slug abundance and damage, and on earthworm populations were measured. Additionally, at Trial 1, the effects of cultivation and straw treatments on carabid beetle occurrence were measured in years 5–9. Over the 9 years, the method of cultivation had a significant effect on slug numbers in each trial. Slugs were more numerous in MT than CT plots, significantly so in 3 of the 9 years in Trial 1 and in 5 years in Trial 2. In Trial 1, slug numbers were significantly greater on no-straw than straw plots in 3 years as well as for the 9 years combined. Slug numbers did not differ between straw and no-straw plots in Trial 2. Slug numbers varied significantly between years and were influenced by factors other than the method of cultivation and straw application. Slug damage to seed and seedlings was quite low in each year (1–2%). Slug damage to cereal leaves at GS 23 was widespread in both trials, and severe in some years. MT had more leaf damage than CT in 5 of the 9 years in each trial, significantly so in 3 years in Trial 1 and in 4 years in Trial 2. Straw did not affect leaf damage in either MT or CT. Slug damage was not related to, nor did it affect either ear density or grain yield. The dominant slug species was Deroceras reticulatum. Earthworm numbers were significantly greater in MT than CT, for combined years, in each trial. Annually, these differences were significant for 5 years in Trial 1 and 2 years in Trial 2. Straw plots had significantly more earthworms than no-straw, for combined years, in each trial. The latter differences were significant for 5 years in Trial 1 and 3 years in Trial 2. In MT, the positive effect of straw on earthworm numbers was significant in Trial 2 but not in Trial 1. In CT, the latter effect was significant in each trial. Lumbricus species were more numerous in MT than CT and in straw than no-straw treatments. The impact of cultivation on numbers of carabid beetles was species-specific. The large beetle, Pterostichus melanarius, was significantly more numerous in MT than CT in 2 of the 5 years and for the aggregate of 5 years. Small carabids (Bembidion species and Trechus quadristriatus) were significantly more abundant in CT than MT in 3 of the 5 years as well as for the aggregate of 5 years. Straw did not affect the number of any or all carabid species either for combined cultivations (MT + CT) or within either MT or CT. It is concluded that MT increases slug numbers, slug damage and earthworm numbers relative to CT cultivations. MT favours large carabid beetles and CT favours small beetles. Straw incorporation increases earthworm numbers but not slugs, slug damage or carabid beetles. Slug damage to cereal leaves does not affect ear density or grain yield in either MT or CT crops when sown to a depth of 40 mm and before 18 September.
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Ernawati, Masitoh, Kismartini Kismartini, and Maryono Maryono. "The Evaluation Of Slums Level In Jatibarang, Semarang." E3S Web of Conferences 73 (2018): 03019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20187303019.
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One of the village that get first priority in slums handling in in Semarang City based on mayor decree of Semarang’s number 050/801/2014 is Jatibarang Village. According the Ministry of Public Works through the KOTAKU (Kota Tanpa Kumuh) Program, in 2017 Jatibarang Village received funding for road and drainage construction. This research is to evaluate the slum reduction of road and drainage construction in a neighborhood. The method of research is quantitative and comparative through data calculation on 2 (two) criteria after handling and compari ed with baseline data. Based on the results of the research it can be seen that the slum handling of 2 (two) slum criteria did not give big impact to the slum value that is 40 before the handling and 30 after handling with the difference of 10 points. The results of this research indicate that there is still a need for handling slum reduction in this area. It is also necessary to evaluate the value of slum periodically of slum areas that have been set in order to know the changes that occur. involving the local community in the maintenance of settlement environment is necessary as well, so it is expected that the slum reduction increases, insteade of decreasing..
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Kirino, Yutaka. "7-2 Associative learning in the terrestrial slug." Neuroscience Research Supplements 18 (January 1993): S14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0921-8696(05)80708-x.
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Sun, Yan, Zack Zhengyu Wang, and Wen-Shu Wu. "Slug Is Required for a Functional Hematopoietic Stem Cell (HSC) Niche." Blood 116, no. 21 (November 19, 2010): 2579. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v116.21.2579.2579.
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Abstract Abstract 2579 Slug belongs to the highly conserved Slug/Snail family of zinc-finger transcription factors found in diverse species ranging from C. elegans to humans. Our previous study has already demonstrated that Slug serves intrinsic role in the regulation of HSC fates (Blood, 2010, 115(9):1709-1717). There is bone defect in Slug-/- mice, while Slug is expressed in osteoblast cells which are niche cells for HSCs, suggesting that Slug might be also extrinsically required for HSC regulation. To address this issue, the following experiments and assays were performed. Firstly, the cell proliferation of wild-type (WT) hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HS/PCs) (loaded with carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester (CFSE)) placed on bone marrow (BM) stromal layers (prepared from either Slug-/- or WT mice) was analyzed. Co-culture proliferation assay illustrated a clear increasing in the ability of Slug-/-BM stroma to support normal proliferation of WT HS/PCs, suggesting a significant and qualitative change in Slug-/- BM stromal cells so that they were able to support normal proliferation by Slug-competent HS/PCs. Secondly, BM microenvironment altered by Slug deficiency was defined by RT-PCR. Slug-/- BM had altered cell cycle profiles associated with increased stromal Notch1, N-cadherin, Vcam and Angiopoietin-1 expression. These findings indicate that Slug may participate in signaling in BM niche cells and thus is capable of influencing their function. Thirdly, the transplantation analysis was performed to address whether Slug impact was stem cell stroma dependent. WT hematopoietic cells in Slug knockout environment (8 weeks after transplantation) displayed a dramatic increase in LSK and LSK-Flk-2 ratio and in total number in BM, but not in spleen, indicating a stroma-determined effect by Slug on HSCs. It also showed a mobilization phenotype similar to that originally observed in Slug+/+ environment. Moreover, the annexin V apoptosis assay and cell-cycle analysis by the Edu incorporation assay suggested that Slug deficiency microenvironment promoted HSC expansion largely by increasing their proliferation, but not cell survival. Fourthly, each cell lineage in BM and spleen after WT BM transplanted into Slug+/+ and Slug-/- recipients was fully analyzed. The total number and ratio of T cells (CD3e, CD4+CD8-, CD4-CD8+ and CD4+CD8+) was markedly decreased in BM, but not in spleen, while the other lineages (granulocytes CD11b+Gr-1+, macrophages CD11b+, immature B lymphoid IgM-B220+, mature B lymphoid IgM+B220+, mature Erythroid CD71-Ter119+, and immature erythroid CD71+Ter119+) had an equivalent number and ratio in BM and spleen. Overall, Slug-/- BM microenvironment results in T cell loss. Finally, the recent study shows BM adipocytes as negative regulators of haematopoietic microenvironment, while the in vivo and in vitro evidences indicate that Slug is a key regulator of the adipocyte differentiation. Thus, in this study, we try to address whether Slug as a key factor adjusts adipocytes in BM niche. The fat of the whole body and the femurs and tibias were measured by DXA (Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry). Our data showed Slug-/- mice at 8 wk of age had lowest total fat, as well as ROI (region of interest) fat compared to Slug+/+ mice. In vitro adipocyte differentiation assay indicated there was less adipocyte formation from Slug-/- MSCs from BM. Furthermore, a dramatic loss of adipocytes in the femur in Slug-/- recipient was observed in 8 weeks after transplanting WT hematopoietic cells into Slug+/+ and Slug-/- recipients. Combining the above-mentioned data from WT hemtopoisis in Slug-/- microenvironment showed a dramatic increase in LSK and LSK-Flk-2 ratio and total numbers, lack of BM adipocytes after irradiation in fatless mice (Slug-/- recipient), suggesting a role of Slug-/- BM microenvironment in enhancing haematopoietic progenitor expansion via inhibition of BM adipocytes and post-transplant recovery. Taken together, our previously and present findings demonstrate that Slug serves intrinsic and extrinsic roles in the regulation of HSC fates. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Raqib, Rubhana, Protim Sarker, Evana Akhtar, Tarique Mohammad Nurul Huda, Md Ahsanul Haq, Anjan Kumar Roy, Md Biplob Hosen, et al. "Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection and associated factors among Bangladeshi slum and non-slum dwellers in pre-COVID-19 vaccination era: October 2020 to February 2021." PLOS ONE 17, no. 5 (May 23, 2022): e0268093. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0268093.
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Background Seroprevalence studies have been carried out in many developed and developing countries to evaluate ongoing and past infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Data on this infection in marginalized populations in urban slums are limited, which may offer crucial information to update prevention and mitigation policies and strategies. We aimed to determine the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection and factors associated with seropositivity in slum and non-slum communities in two large cities in Bangladesh. Methods A cross-sectional study was carried out among the target population in Dhaka and Chattogram cities between October 2020 and February 2021. Questionnaire-based data, anthropometric and blood pressure measurements and blood were obtained. SARS-CoV-2 serology was assessed by Roche Elecsys® Anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunoassay. Results Among the 3220 participants (2444 adults, ≥18 years; 776 children, 10–17 years), the overall weighted seroprevalence was 67.3% (95% confidence intervals (CI) = 65.2, 69.3) with 71.0% in slum (95% CI = 68.7, 72.2) and 62.2% in non-slum (95% CI = 58.5, 65.8). The weighted seroprevalence was 72.9% in Dhaka and 54.2% in Chattogram. Seroprevalence was positively associated with limited years of formal education (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.61; 95% CI = 1.43, 1.82), lower income (aOR = 1.23; 95% CI = 1.03, 1.46), overweight (aOR = 1.2835; 95% CI = 1.26, 1.97), diabetes (aOR = 1.67; 95% CI = 1.21, 2.32) and heart disease (aOR = 1.38; 95% CI = 1.03, 1.86). Contrarily, negative associations were found between seropositivity and regular wearing of masks and washing hands, and prior BCG vaccination. About 63% of the population had asymptomatic infection; only 33% slum and 49% non-slum population showed symptomatic infection. Conclusion The estimated seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 was more prominent in impoverished informal settlements than in the adjacent middle-income non-slum areas. Additional factors associated with seropositivity included limited education, low income, overweight and pre-existing chronic conditions. Behavioral factors such as regular wearing of masks and washing hands were associated with lower probability of seropositivity.
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Kang, C., W. P. Jepson, and M. Gopal. "Effect of Drag-Reducing Agent on Slug Characteristics in Multiphase Flow in Inclined Pipes." Journal of Energy Resources Technology 121, no. 2 (June 1, 1999): 86–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2795073.
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The effect of drag-reducing agent (DRA) on multiphase flow in upward and downward inclined pipes has been studied. The effect of DRA on pressure drop and slug characteristics such as slug translational velocity, the height of the liquid film, slug frequency, and Froude number have been determined. Experiments were performed in 10-cm i.d., 18-m long plexiglass pipes at inclinations of 2 and 15 deg for 50 percent oil-50 percent water-gas. The DRA effect was examined for concentrations ranging from 0 to 50 ppm. Studies were done for superficial liquid velocities between 0.5 and 3 m/s and superficial gas velocities between 2 and 10 m/s. The results indicate that the DRA was effective in reducing the pressure drop for both upflow and downflow in inclined pipes. Pressure gradient reduction of up to 92 percent for stratified flow with a concentration of 50 ppm DRA was achieved in ±2 deg downward inclined flow. The effectiveness of DRA for slug flow was 67 percent at a superficial liquid velocity of 0.5 m/s and superficial gas velocity of 2 m/s in 15 deg upward inclined pipes. Slug translational velocity does not change with DRA concentrations. The slug frequency decreases from 68 to 54 slugs/min at superficial liquid velocity of 1 m/s and superficial gas velocity of 4 m/s in 15 deg upward inclined pipes as the concentration of 50 ppm was added. The height of the liquid film decreased with the addition of DRA, which leads to an increase in Froude number.
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Conacci-Sorrell, Maralice, Inbal Simcha, Tamar Ben-Yedidia, Janna Blechman, Pierre Savagner, and Avri Ben-Ze'ev. "Autoregulation of E-cadherin expression by cadherin–cadherin interactions." Journal of Cell Biology 163, no. 4 (November 17, 2003): 847–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.200308162.
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Transcriptional repression of E-cadherin, characteristic of epithelial to mesenchymal transition, is often found also during tumor cell invasion. At metastases, migratory fibroblasts sometimes revert to an epithelial phenotype, by a process involving regulation of the E-cadherin–β-catenin complex. We investigated the molecular basis of this regulation, using human colon cancer cells with aberrantly activated β-catenin signaling. Sparse cultures mimicked invasive tumor cells, displaying low levels of E-cadherin due to transcriptional repression of E-cadherin by Slug. Slug was induced by β-catenin signaling and, independently, by ERK. Dense cultures resembled a differentiated epithelium with high levels of E-cadherin and β-catenin in adherens junctions. In such cells, β-catenin signaling, ErbB-1/2 levels, and ERK activation were reduced and Slug was undetectable. Disruption of E-cadherin–mediated contacts resulted in nuclear localization and signaling by β-catenin, induction of Slug and inhibition of E-cadherin transcription, without changes in ErbB-1/2 and ERK activation. This autoregulation of E-cadherin by cell–cell adhesion involving Slug, β-catenin and ERK could be important in tumorigenesis.
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García, César, Leonid Korelstein, Carina N. Sondermann, and Eduardo Pereyra. "An experimental investigation of the stochastic nature of slug flow." E3S Web of Conferences 397 (2023): 01003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202339701003.
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Slug flow is widely encountered in oil and gas systems. It has an unsteady hydrodynamic behavior that motivated the development of mechanistic models to better understand and quantify the parameters of the flow. The present work investigated several slug flow conditions through an experimental campaign that was performed in a 2-in ID horizontal pipe facility. The experimental data were statistically analyzed and they indicated the suitability of a lognormal distribution to model the flow characteristics, such as slug length, film length, and frequency. Based on the mean results, slug and film lengths tend to increase as more gas is present in the flow. The mean frequency indicated that higher frequencies are obtained with lower gas fractions. All the slugs from each test were individually studied using different approaches to analyze the data. The results suggest the existence of a relationship between the slug and film lengths when the slug unit is identified starting from a film region followed by a slug region. The values of the coefficient of determination for the relation between slug length and film length indicate a possible influence of other flow parameters of stochastic nature, such as slug liquid holdup, that could affect the behavior of the slugs.
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Sadłecki, Paweł, Jakub Jóźwicki, Paulina Antosik, and Małgorzata Walentowicz-Sadłecka. "Expression of Selected Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition Transcription Factors in Endometrial Cancer." BioMed Research International 2020 (December 29, 2020): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/4584250.
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Endometrial cancer (EC) is the most common gynecologic malignancy in developed countries. The aim of this study was to analyze the expression of SNAIL, SLUG, TWIST1, TWIST2, ZEB1, and ZEB 2 in primary tumor and the correlation with morphological and clinical characteristics of EC. The study included 158 patients with EC after surgical treatments: total hysterectomy and lymphadenectomy. The percentages of EC specimens testing positively for the EMT transcription factors were 84.5% for SNAIL, 92.2% for SLUG, 10.9% for TWIST1, 100% for TWIST2, 89% for ZEB1, and 98% for ZEB2. The expression of SLUG in patients with FIGO stage III or IV, type II EC, myometrial invasion ≥ 50 % of the uterine wall thickness, and adnexal involvement and in patients with distant metastases was significantly higher. SLUG and ZEB2 expressions were identified as significant predictors of higher FIGO stages (III or IV) on univariate analysis. The overexpression of SLUG was a significant predictor of more aggressive type II EC, myometrial invasion ≥ 50 % of the uterine wall thickness, and distant metastases on both univariate and multivariate analysis. Moreover, the overexpression of SLUG and ZEB2 was shown to be significant predictors of adnexal involvement on univariate analysis. ZEB 2 overexpression was identified in multivariate analysis as another independent predictor associated with a lesser likelihood of type II EC. Both univariate and multivariate analyses demonstrated that SLUG expression was the only predictor of 5-year survival in the study group. The overexpression of SLUG was associated with a significant increase in mortality hazard on univariate analysis and was shown to be a highly significant predictor of death on multivariate analysis. Conclusions. Selected proteins of the EMT pathway play a role in endometrial carcinogenesis; SLUG and ZEB2 expressions in the primary tumor might predict clinical outcomes in EC and drive therapeutic decisions regarding adjuvant treatment in patients with this malignancy.
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Osbourne,, Alana, and Barbara Vodopivec. "Destination slum! 2, 14th–16thMay 2014, Potsdam, Germany, New Developments and Perspectives in Slum Tourism Research." Sociologus 64, no. 1 (June 2014): 97–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.3790/soc.64.1.97.
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Ariawan, Iwan, Hafizah Jusril, Muhammad N Farid, Pandu Riono, Wiji Wahyuningsih, Widyastuti Widyastuti, Dwi Oktavia T. L. Handayani, et al. "SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Seroprevalence in Jakarta, Indonesia." Kesmas: Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat Nasional 17, no. 3 (August 29, 2022): 169. http://dx.doi.org/10.21109/kesmas.v17i3.6070.
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The SARS-CoV-2 transmission dynamics in low- and middle-income countries remain poorly understood. This study aimed to estimate the SARS-CoV-2 antibodies seroprevalence in Jakarta, Indonesia, and to increase knowledge of SARS-CoV-2 transmission in urban settings. A population-based serosurvey among individuals aged one year or older was conducted in Jakarta. Employing a multistage sampling design, samples were stratified by district, slum, and non-slum residency, sex, and age group. Blood samples were tested for IgG against three different SARS-CoV-2 antigens. Seroprevalence was estimated after applying sample weights and adjusting for cluster characteristics. In March 2021, this study collected 4,919 respondents. The weighted estimate of seroprevalence was 44.5% (95% CI = 42.5-46.5). Seroprevalence was highest among adults aged 30-49 years, with higher seroprevalence in women and the overweight/obese group. Respondents residing in slum areas were 1.3-fold more likely to be seropositive than non-slum residents. It was estimated that4,717,000 of Jakarta's 10.6 million residents had prior SARS-CoV-2 infection. This suggests that approximately 10 infections were undiagnosed/underreported for every reported case. About one year after the first COVID-19 case was confirmed, close to half of Jakarta's residents have been infected by SARS-CoV-2.
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Osuh, Mary E., Gbemisola A. Oke, Richard J. Lilford, Eme Owoaje, Bronwyn Harris, Olalekan John Taiwo, Godwin Yeboah, et al. "Prevalence and determinants of oral health conditions and treatment needs among slum and non-slum urban residents: Evidence from Nigeria." PLOS Global Public Health 2, no. 4 (April 22, 2022): e0000297. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0000297.
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Oral diseases constitute a neglected epidemic in Low and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs). An understanding of its distribution and severity in different settings can aid the planning of preventive and therapeutic services. This study assessed the oral health conditions, risk factors, and treatment needs among adult residents in the slum and compared findings with non-slum urban residents in Ibadan, Nigeria. The Multistage sampling was used to select adult (≥18-years) residents from a slum and a non-slum urban sites. Information sought from participants included dietary habits, oral hygiene practices, and the use of dental services. Oral examinations were performed in line with WHO guidelines. Associations were examined using logistic regression. Mediation analysis was undertaken using generalized structural equation modeling. The sample comprised 678 slum and 679 non-slum residents. Median age in slum vs non-slum was 45 (IQR:32–50) versus 38 (IQR:29–50) years. Male: female ratio was 1:2 in both sites. Prevalence of oral diseases (slum vs non-slum sites): dental caries (27% vs 23%), gingival bleeding (75% vs 53%) and periodontal pocket (23% vs 16%). The odds of having dental caries were 21% higher for the slum dwellers compared to non-slum residents (OR = 1.21, 95% CI:0.94 to 1.56); and 50% higher for periodontal pocket (OR = 1.50, 95%CI: 1.13 to 1.98), after adjusting for age and sex. There was little evidence that tooth cleaning frequency mediated the relationship between place of residence and caries (OR = 0.95, 95%CI: 0.87 to 1.03 [indirect effect], 38% mediated) or periodontal pocket (OR = 0.95, 95%CI: 0.86 to 1.04, 15% mediated). Thirty-five percent and 27% of residents in the slum and non-slum sites respectively required the “prompt and urgent” levels of treatment need. Oral diseases prevalence in both settings are high and the prevalence was generally higher in the slum with correspondingly higher levels of prompt and urgent treatment needs. Participants may benefit from targeted therapeutic and health promotion intervention services.
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Carpenter, Chris. "Streamlined Multidisciplinary Work Flow Assesses Pipeline Slugging." Journal of Petroleum Technology 73, no. 11 (November 1, 2021): 73–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/1121-0073-jpt.
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This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper OTC 30172, “A Streamlined Multidisciplinary Work Flow for Pipeline-Slugging Assessment,” by Jeff Zhang, Saurav Jha, and Tim Matuszyk, Wood, prepared for the 2020 Offshore Technology Conference Asia, originally scheduled to be held in Kuala Lumpur, 2–6 November. The paper has not been peer reviewed. Copyright 2020 Offshore Technology Conference. Reproduced by permission. Free spans exist in subsea multiphase pipelines laid over undulating seabed profiles or across continental scarps for offshore field developments. Slug-flow-induced fatigue damage on the free spans can have a significant effect on project economics. Slug-flow assessments can prove time-consuming. The complete paper describes an integrated iterative approach between the flow-assurance and pipeline-engineering disciplines to streamline the work flow based on the value or cost associated with changes in input parameters that affect pipeline fatigue-assessment outcomes. Slug-Flow Assessment Work Flow The complete paper further details key goals for each step. Step 1: Plan Project Slug-Flow Design Requirements. Key to this step is to create a close interface between flow-assurance and pipeline engineers to discuss and align overall timing, critical decisions, and hold points that are required as part of the slug-flow assessment and any specific project-design considerations. Step 2: Execute Slug-Flow-Prediction Assessment. Slug-flow prediction typically is conducted by engineers using industry-standard multiphase dynamic-flow simulators. The step requires significant time and effort because of long simulation times and large data post-processing requirements. Step 3: Generate Slug-Flow Interface Data. The two methods typically used for converting flow-assurance slug-flow results into formats that can be used readily by pipeline engineers are the time-history approach and the time-dependent-matrix approach. Step 4: Execute Slug-Flow Response Assessment. This assessment typically is conducted by pipeline engineers to assess the effects of predicted slug-flow interface data on proposed pipeline con-figuration designs. Industry-standard finite-element-analysis (FEA) tools are used for this step. Step 5: Finalize Design Through Iteration and Optimization. Where the slug-flow response assessment results show excessive fatigue damage that affects feasibility of the proposed design, iteration and optimization are performed. Step 6: Consider Operational Monitoring Requirements. Operational fatigue monitoring can be considered if operational restrictions are required or if some level of risk or concern remains with the final design.
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McElwee, C. D., J. J. Butler, G. C. Bohling, and W. Liu. "Sensitivity analysis of slug tests Part 2. Observation wells." Journal of Hydrology 164, no. 1-4 (January 1995): 69–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(94)02569-w.
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Mansoor, Hira, and Afshan Iram. "An Empirical Analysis of Well-being: A Case Study of Slum Area in Islamabad." iRASD Journal of Economics 5, no. 1 (March 30, 2023): 760–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.52131/joe.2023.0501.0114.
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Slums have long been a feature of urban life in Pakistan as well as throughout the globe. Nearly all slum locations may be found outside of cities. Slums, however, are prevalent in the center of Islamabad, notably on the sides of the riverine null. Notwithstanding, CDA has approved these slums, and most poor Christians reside in Islamabad's slums. Data was collected from 411 households by conducting a primary survey, and families were selected by snowball sampling. The present study has covered four major slum areas of Islamabad, including 100 quarters in F-6/2, the Faisal colony in G-7/2, the Hansa colony in G-8/1, and the France colony in F-7/4. This research's main objective is to empirically analyze the well-being of dwellers and explore the socioeconomic profile of slum dwellers. The present study considered six dimensions of well-being, including housing, education, assets, means of transportation, income, and consumption. We have also calculated poverty estimates and consumption inequality. Poverty estimates show that close to 57 percent population of slum areas was living below the poverty line. The incidence of poverty in slum areas is relatively higher than national poverty estimates.
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Arung, Risnayanti, and Mega Ulimaz. "Analisis Faktor Penyebab Kumuh Permukiman Kumuh di Kelurahan Baru Ulu, Kota Balikpapan." Jurnal Pembangunan Wilayah dan Kota 17, no. 4 (December 8, 2021): 472–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/pwk.v17i4.37953.
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Slum settlements are one of the problems faced by almost all cities in Indonesia and even other developing countries. UU No. 1 of 2011(1) defines slum settlements as settlements that are unfit for habitation due to building irregularities, high building density levels, and the quality of buildings and facilities and infrastructure that do not meet the requirements. The problem that can be caused is creating inadequate settlements to support the survival of its inhabitants, resulting in a decrease in the welfare, quality and quality of life of the community (2). The Balikpapan city government issued a SK Walikota Balikpapan No. 188.45-667 / 2014(3) concerning the Determination of the Location of Slum Housing and Slum Settlements in the City of Balikpapan, there are a total of 282.20 Ha of slum areas spread across 6 urban villages in the city of Balikpapan. One of the areas stipulated in the decree is located in the Keluarahan Baru Ulu(4) , where this settlement is located close to the city center of Balikpapan. In addition, these slum settlements are located along the coast of Balikpapan Bay which has the potential to cause environmental degradation and disrupt the function of transportation facilities for crossing goods and people who are in direct contact with this slum area. As an effort to reduce slum in the settlements, it is necessary to know the causes of the appearance of slums from various potentially influential aspects. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the factors that cause slum in the slum area of Baru Ulu Village by using the content analysis method to analyze the causes of slum in the research location. Through research, it was found that there are 13 factors that affect slum in Baru Ulu based on stakeholder opinion.
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Cai, J. Y., M. Gopal, and W. P. Jepson. "Investigation of Flow Regime Transitions in Large-Diameter Inclined Pipes." Journal of Energy Resources Technology 121, no. 2 (June 1, 1999): 91–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2795074.
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Multiphase oil/water/gas flow regime transition studies are carried out in a 10-cm i.d., 18-m long pipe at inclinations of ±2 deg at system pressures between 0 to 0.79 MPa. The results are compared to those of other researchers, and the effects of pressure, inclination, and liquid viscosity are shown. The water cut of the liquid has some effects on the transition from stratified to slug flow. Increasing the water cut results in the transition occurring at higher liquid velocity at the same gas velocity. Water cut has little effect on the slug/annular transition for low viscosity oil used. The system pressure has a moderate effect on the transition from stratified to slug and slug to annular. For the transition from stratified to slug, increasing the system pressure requires higher liquid velocity. The transition from slug to annular occurs at lower liquid velocity with increasing the system pressures. The inclination of the pipe has little effect on the transition from slug to annular flow. Increasing the inclination causes the transition to occur at approximately the same gas velocity at the same liquid velocity. The experimental results show a good agreement with Wilkens’ model.
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Satu, Shammi Akter, and Rowshon Ara Akter Juthi. "Factors, Nature and Impacts of Slum Dwellers Residential Mobility within the Dhaka City." International Journal of Built Environment and Sustainability 6, no. 3 (August 29, 2019): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.11113/ijbes.v6.n3.355.
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The pattern of residential mobility varies throughout the world. Slum populations consistently report higher rates of residential mobility than other populations. However, the pattern and the consequences of residential mobility of the slum dwellers are not well studied. Dhaka, the Capital of Bangladesh, has a large population, more than 14 million of which about 1.06 million live in slums with an increase of 60.73 percent in the last 17 years. The objectives of this study are: (1) to identify the significant factors of residential mobility of slum dwellers; and (2) to examine the patterns of residential mobility of slum dwellers in three slums area located in Dhaka. This study further analyzed the impacts of residential mobility on the socio-economic aspect of the slum dwellers. For this research purpose, 267 households from three slums of Dhaka namely Kallyanpur slum, Agargaon slum, and Karwan Bazar railgate slum were selected through non-probability convenience sampling and interviewed. This study found that residential mobility was influenced by factors which are related to life cycle; employment, income and distress; land tenure and homeownership; neighbourhood condition and grouping issues. Among all the studied variables the most five significant factors influencing residential mobility are slum eviction, unavailability of utility services, marriage, changing job and getting homeownership status. It is revealed that the nature of the residential mobility for the surveyed slum dwellers is mainly negative and it poses a significant impact on the socio-economic aspects of life. The findings of the study pave the way to recommend specific measures for the slum dwellers to improve their condition by lessening the negative impacts of residential mobility.
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Moita, Sulsalman, Darmin Tuwu, and Allan Darmawan. "Strategy for Prevention and Quality Improvement of Urban Slumps Based on Community Empowerment." Indonesian Journal of Social and Environmental Issues (IJSEI) 2, no. 2 (August 22, 2021): 98–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.47540/ijsei.v2i2.123.
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The purpose of this study was to examine the characteristics of slum areas and to analyze strategies for preventing and improving the quality of community empowerment-based slum settlements in Langara City, Konawe Islands Regency. This research method is descriptive qualitative with a case study approach, while the research informants are individuals and groups who are involved in the slum prevention and quality improvement program. The data were collected using in-depth interviews, observation, and document studies, while the data analysis techniques were carried out qualitatively. The results show that the indicators of a slum in Langara City are: the condition and quality of houses are generally less regular, dense, with minimal air and light circulation, environmental sanitation is not supported by wastewater disposal, access to settlements is relatively good, the garbage disposal system is not supported by landfills. Finally, limited distribution of net water, and the unavailability of fire protection. Furthermore, the strategy for preventing and improving the quality of slum based on community empowerment shows 1) slum prevention strategies with indicators: the high rate of community participation in attending counseling on the importance of maintaining environmental health and the high involvement of residents in preventing slums through cooperation, community service, and helping out; 2) slum quality improvement strategy with indicators: high capacity and community involvement in the renovation and restoration of slum shelters; and the low level of public awareness of joining the relocation program in slum pockets.
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Uthman, Olalekan Abdulrahman, Abimbola Ayorinde, Oyinlola Oyebode, Jo Sartori, Paramjit Gill, and R. J. Lilford. "Global prevalence and trends in hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus among slum residents: a systematic review and meta-analysis." BMJ Open 12, no. 2 (February 2022): e052393. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-052393.
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ObjectiveFirst, to obtain regional estimates of prevalence of hypertension and type 2 diabetes in urban slums; and second, to compare these with those in urban and rural areas.DesignSystematic review and meta-analysis.Eligibility criteriaStudies that reported hypertension prevalence using the definition of blood pressure ≥140/90 mm Hg and/or prevalence of type 2 diabetes.Information sourcesOvid MEDLINE, Cochrane CENTRAL and EMBASE from inception to December 2020.Risk of biasTwo authors extracted relevant data and assessed risk of bias independently using the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology guideline.Synthesis of resultsWe used random-effects meta-analyses to pool prevalence estimates. We examined time trends in the prevalence estimates using meta-regression regression models with the prevalence estimates as the outcome variable and the calendar year of the publication as the predictor.ResultsA total of 62 studies involving 108 110 participants met the inclusion criteria. Prevalence of hypertension and type 2 diabetes in slum populations ranged from 4.2% to 52.5% and 0.9% to 25.0%, respectively. In six studies presenting comparator data, all from the Indian subcontinent, slum residents were 35% more likely to be hypertensive than those living in comparator rural areas and 30% less likely to be hypertensive than those from comparator non-slum urban areas.Limitations of evidenceOf the included studies, only few studies from India compared the slum prevalence estimates with those living in non-slum urban and rural areas; this limits the generalisability of the finding.InterpretationThe burden of hypertension and type 2 diabetes varied widely between countries and regions and, to some degree, also within countries.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42017077381.
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Hitapriya Suprayitno, Ayu Rahmaniyah, and Eko Budi Santosa. "PRELIMINARY ANALYSIS ON THE SUCCESS OF COMMUNITY-BASED COMMUNITY ROAD PROGRAM RELATED TO COMMUNITY CHARACTERISTICS, IN PASURUAN CITY." PADURAKSA: Jurnal Teknik Sipil Universitas Warmadewa 9, no. 2 (October 15, 2020): 114–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.22225/pd.9.2.1829.114-125.
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As a developing country, Indonesia still has a lot of urban slum areas. Ministry of Public Works and Public Housing create the KOTAKU program, City without Slum. To realize the KOTAKU objective, two projects were conducted the NSUP and the NUSP. Pasuruan City was given the NUSP-2 project, in 2016, covered 11 slum areas, dealt with community road, community sanitation, and community water supply. The success of the community road program had been evaluated. The program was relatively unsuccessful in a coastal area dominated by fisherman settlement. In the next to the coastal area dominated by supporting fishermen supporting an activity, the program was relatively fairly successful. While in urban slum areas dominated by middle-income families, the program was successful.
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Nurokhman, Nurokhman. "PENGURANGAN PARAMETER KAWASAN PERMUKIMAN KU-MUH DI SINDUADI SLEMAN BERDASARKAN PERMEN PUPR 02/2016." Jurnal Teknik Sipil 15, no. 2 (October 1, 2020): 105–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.24002/jts.v15i2.3719.
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Sinduadi urban settlements with rapid population growth as a result of the growth of property, shopping, industry, campus and tourism businesses have the potential to create slum areas. Based on the 2016 Sleman Regent Decree in RT 011 RW 026 Kutu Dukuh have an area of 1.23 hectares of slums. To decrease size of slum areas, it is necessary to study calculations in accordance with applicable regulations. The purpose of the study was to identify the parameters determining the slum, calculate slum scores, reduction in slum area and slum level at the end of 2018. Data were taken from survey results and the Sleman KOTAKU Program document. From the analysis of slum measurements with 19 parameters the value is 23 (light slum category) measured based on PUPR Regulation No. 2/2016 which uses 7 aspects and 19 parameters, such as the limitations of building conditions, roads, clean water, waste management, drainage and the unavailability of hydrants. The initial calculation results show a score of 23 consisting of the unavailability of drainage value of 3, a waste management system that does not conform to the technical standard of value 5, the non-maintenance of waste management facilities and infrastructure of value 5, and the unavailability of a fire protection facility of value 5. For handling investment is required in the form of paving roads ( 853.5 m2), rainwater infiltration wells (18 units), drainage channels (154.5 m1), public hydrants (HU) clean water (10 units) and 3R waste (39 kk) which become the final score of 14 (< score 19) which means not slum.
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Arita, L. H., M. T. Fukada, S. C. Furutani, and Arnold H. Hara. "Control of Black Slug and Veronicellid Slug, Hawaii, 1989." Insecticide and Acaricide Tests 15, no. 1 (January 1, 1990): 326. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iat/15.1.326.
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Abstract Efficacy tests were conducted from Mar to Jun at the University of Hawaii at Hilo, College of Agriculture, Hilo, Hawaii. Chrysanthemum seedlings were planted in nursery flats (17 × 19 inches) containing a cinder and peat (1:1) media and grown under greenhouse conditions for two months. Wooden arenas (12 × 12 × 12 inches) were placed approximately 1 inch deep into the media. A 1-inch-wide band of rock salt was glued onto the top inner surface of the wooden arena to prevent slug escape. The following molluscicides were applied onto the plant material or media within the wooden arena (one molluscicide/arena): Slug-Geta (2% 3,5-Dimethyl-4-(methythio) phenyl methylcarbamate), Deadline-40 (4% metaldehyde), Deadline Bullets (4% metaldehyde), Durham Metaldehyde Granules 3.5 (3.5% metaldehyde), Corry's Slug and Snail Death (2% metaldehyde), and Corry's Liquid (4% metaldehyde). After treatment, 10 field collected black slugs were placed into each arena. Mortality counts were taken 1, 3, 5, and 7 DAT. Each treatment was replicated 4 times. Identical protocol was used for the veronicellid slug.
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Hannan, MA, MTH Chowdhury, MAI Khan, AFMA Chowdhury, KM Shahidullah, AK Saha, and A. Anjum. "Prevalence of Gingivitis, Plaque accumulation and Decayed, Missing and Filled Teeth among slum population in Bangladesh." Bangladesh Medical Research Council Bulletin 40, no. 2 (October 5, 2015): 47–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bmrcb.v40i2.25182.
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A cross-sectional survey, using cluster sampling technique, of slum population, was done to explore the oral health status and the prevalence of common oral diseases. A close ended questionnaire comprising Decayed, Missing and Filled Teeth (DMFT) Index, Gingival Index (Löe and Silness) and Plaque Index was applied to evaluate and record oral diseases, in both male and female population, covering a wide range of age groups. Clinical examination was carried out in different slum set ups, including slum schools by trained and calibrated examiners. Three thousand nine hundred and four (3904) slum dwellers participated in the survey. Prevalence of Caries was expressed in mean DMFT, recording of gingival status followed the method of Löe and Silness, oral hygiene status was evaluated using Plaque index. Mean decayed component, of the DMFT, was significantly higher than filling and missing component. Both decayed and missing components showed increasing trend, and filling components decreased as the age progressed. Prevalence of gingivitis and plaque accumulation was remarkably high among slum dwellers. Significantly high level of common oral diseases was found among Tongi slum dwellers.Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull 2014; 40 (2): 47-51
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Ingruber, Julia, Dragana Savic, Teresa Bernadette Steinbichler, Susanne Sprung, Felix Fleischer, Rudolf Glueckert, Gabriele Schweigl, Ira-Ida Skvortsova, Herbert Riechelmann, and József Dudás. "KLF4, Slug and EMT in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma." Cells 10, no. 3 (March 3, 2021): 539. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells10030539.
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Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) is clinically relevant in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). We hypothesized that EMT-transcription factors (EMT-TFs) and an anti-EMT factor, Krüppel-like-factor-4 (KLF4) regulate EMT in HNSCC. Ten control mucosa and 37 HNSCC tissue samples and three HNSCC cell lines were included for investigation of EMT-TFs, KLF4 and vimentin at mRNA and protein levels. Slug gene expression was significantly higher, whereas, KLF4 gene expression was significantly lower in HNSCC than in normal mucosa. In the majority of HNSCC samples, there was a significant negative correlation between KLF4 and Slug gene expression. Slug gene expression was significantly higher in human papilloma virus (HPV) negative HNSCC, and in tumor samples with irregular p53 gene sequence. Transforming-growth-factor-beta-1 (TGF- β1) contributed to downregulation of KLF4 and upregulation of Slug. Two possible regulatory pathways could be suggested: (1) EMT-factors induced pathway, where TGF-β1 induced Slug together with vimentin, and KLF4 was down regulated at the same time; (2) p53 mutations contributed to upregulation and stabilization of Slug, where also KLF4 could co-exist with EMT-TFs.
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Bezerra de Araujo Filho, Humberto, Mirian Silva Carmo-Rodrigues, Carolina Santos Mello, Lígia Cristina Fonseca Lahoz Melli, Soraia Tahan, Antonio Carlos Campos Pignatari, and Mauro Batista de Morais. "Children Living near a Sanitary Landfill Have Increased Breath Methane andMethanobrevibacter smithiiin Their Intestinal Microbiota." Archaea 2014 (2014): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/576249.
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This study evaluated the breath CH4excretion and concentration ofM. smithiiin intestinal microbiota of schoolchildren from 2 slums. One hundred and eleven children from a slum near a sanitary landfill, 35 children of a slum located away from the sanitary landfill, and 32 children from a high socioeconomic level school were included in the study. Real-time PCR was performed to quantify theM. smithii nifHgene and it was present in the microbiota of all the participating children, with higherP<0.05concentrations in those who lived in the slum near the landfill (3.16×107 CFU/g of feces), comparing with the children from the slum away from the landfill (2.05×106 CFU/g of feces) and those from the high socioeconomic level group (3.93×105 CFU/g of feces). The prevalence of children who present breath methane was 53% in the slum near the landfill, 31% in the slum further away from the landfill and, 22% in the high socioeconomic level group. To live near a landfill is associated with higher concentrations ofM. smithiiin intestinal microbiota, comparing with those who live away from the landfill, regardless of their socioeconomics conditions.
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Azrimaidaliza, Azrimaidaliza. "KARAKTERISTIK DAN STATUS GIZI ANAK UMUR 6-24 BULAN DI DAERAH KUMUH PERKOTAAN JAKARTA." Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat Andalas 4, no. 1 (September 1, 2009): 27–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.24893/jkma.v4i1.39.
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Nutrition and Health Surveillance System (NSS) year 1999 - 2003 shows prevalence of underweight (weightfor age < -2 SD from NCHS media) was very high, that is above 30% on infant at rural and urban slum areas. An underweight prevalence at urban slum areas is higher than rural slum areas, especially is at urban slum area of Jakarta. In this area prevalence of underweight children 12 -23 months of age (June-September 2003) was 42%. This study aims at know the characteristic of children 6 until 24 months and factors related with their nutrient status in urban slum of Jakarta. This study was using NSS secondary data period of June-September 2003. The study results show that child 18-24 months of age have risk in having underweight 2, 8 times compared with child 12-1 7 months and child 6-11 months. Moreover, child with birth weight < 2,5 kilo (OR = 2,9 times) and birth from mother with Body Mass Index d" 18,5 (OR = 1,64 times) and upper arm circumference < 23,5 cm ( OR = 1,48 times) have bigger risk in having underweight. The cause was cumulative effect of being underweight along life. Beside that, child with low birth weight record is difficult to catch up their growth if they do not get a good caring, especially adequate food.
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Rainfil, Rainfil. "Improvement of the Environment and Health in Terms of Governance of Slum Settlements through Collaboration Between Stakeholders." Journal of Management and Administration Provision 2, no. 3 (May 2, 2023): 95–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.55885/jmap.v2i3.229.
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Slum settlements are the subject of this research, specifically how better stakeholder collaboration can lead to better environmental and health outcomes. The study's objectives are to (1) evaluate the effectiveness of stakeholder cooperation in improving the health of slum residents, (2) identify the obstacles to and opportunities for enhancing the environment and health of slum communities, and (3) assess the environmental and health conditions in slum settlements. Access to essential services and infrastructure, environmental pollution, and healthcare availability were all summarized using descriptive statistics. The findings emphasize the immediate need for comprehensive and collaborative approaches to tackling the pressing issues of poor living conditions and limited access to healthcare in slum settlements. Stakeholder collaboration, including that between the government, NGOs, CBOs, and the business sector, is also highlighted as being essential to improving slum dwellers' health and wellbeing. It was also determined that community-led projects, multi-sectoral approaches, and innovative solutions are essential to enhancing the quality of life in informal settlements and reducing health risks. Finally, the research highlights barriers to enhancing the environment and health of slum settlements, such as inadequate access to basic services, pollution, and economic and social exclusion. Taken as a whole, the results of this research stress the critical importance of multidisciplinary efforts to alleviate slums' myriad problems. Sustainable improvements in the environment and health of slum settlements can be achieved through the implementation of innovative solutions and the promotion of cooperation among stakeholders, lowering the disease burden in these communities and fostering social and economic inclusion.
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Fatwa, Awatar Wisya. "Implementasi program Rehabilitasi Sosial Daerah Kumuh (RSDK) di Kelurahan Ploso, Kecamatan Tambaksari, Kota Surabaya." Jurnal Politik indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Politics) 8, no. 2 (November 17, 2022): 110–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jpi.v8i2.39939.
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This study discusses the implementation of Slum Area Social Rehabilitation (RSDK) policy in Ploso Village, Tambaksari District, Surabaya City. Implementation of policy is an action taken by stakeholders to achieve the objectives of the policies outlined. The implementation of Slum Area Social Rehabilitation policies aims to improve the lives of the people by means of home improvement and community empowerment to alleviate slums and poverty problems. This study uses the theory of policy implementation which implies that a policy implementation beside influenced by policy content is also influenced by the policy context. This study uses qualitative methods to understand the implementation of the Rehabilitasi Sosial Daerah Kumuh program. The results of this study include 1) Implementation of the Slum Area Social Rehabilitation program which includes the objectives, implementation process, roles and relations of the stakeholder actors in carrying out programs in the community. 2) Implications of the implementation of the Slum Area Social Rehabilitation program, and 3) Constraints in the implementation of the Slum Area Social Rehabilitation program in Ploso Village, Tambaksari District, Surabaya City.
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Pramantha, R. Q., E. Agustian, L. Suminar, and L. Refnitasari. "The characteristics of riverbank slum settlement in Indonesia. Case study: Depok, Palembang, Surabaya, and Surakarta." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 916, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/916/1/012012.
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Abstract Slum settlement is one of the problems faced by various big cities in developing countries, including Indonesia. Cities in Indonesia that are developing and functioning as a centre of activity have invited the surrounding population to migrate to cities in the hope of finding a better job and life. This is not in line with the limited housing and settlement facilities in urban areas, thus encouraging low-income people to live in slum settlements, including riverbank areas. Settlement in riverbank areas that grows uncontrollably has formed a slum area and degraded the riverbank’s main function. This research aims to find the characteristics of riverbank slum settlements in Indonesia with observational case study in Depok City, Palembang City, Surabaya City, and Surakarta City. The research method used is descriptive qualitative by describing the characteristics of the slum settlement at the location of the study. Data collection was carried out by direct observation, literature study, and interviews. The result shows that the characteristics of riverbank slum settlement in the observed locations are formed by several aspects: (1) physical aspects including land availability, infrastructure, and house building, (2) socio-economic aspects including people’s livelihoods, the local community awareness, ethnic, and kinship factor.
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Tan, Li, and Parwinder S. Grewal. "Endotoxin Activity of Moraxella osloensis against the Grey Garden Slug, Deroceras reticulatum." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 68, no. 8 (August 2002): 3943–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.68.8.3943-3947.2002.
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ABSTRACT Moraxella osloensis is a gram-negative bacterium associated with Phasmarhabditis hermaphrodita, a slug-parasitic nematode that has prospects for biological control of mollusk pests, especially the grey garden slug, Deroceras reticulatum. This bacterium-feeding nematode acts as a vector that transports M. osloensis into the shell cavity of the slug, and the bacterium is the killing agent in the nematode-bacterium complex. We discovered that M. osloensis produces an endotoxin(s), which is tolerant to heat and protease treatments and kills the slug after injection into the shell cavity. Washed or broken cells treated with penicillin and streptomycin from 3-day M. osloensis cultures were more pathogenic than similar cells from 2-day M. osloensis cultures. However, heat and protease treatments and 2 days of storage at 22°C increased the endotoxin activity of the young broken cells but not the endotoxin activity of the young washed cells treated with the antibiotics. This suggests that there may be a proteinaceous substance(s) that is structurally associated with the endotoxin(s) and masks its toxicity in the young bacterial cells. Moreover, 2 days of storage of the young washed bacterial cells at 22°C enhanced their endotoxin activity if they were not treated with the antibiotics. Furthermore, purified lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from the 3-day M. osloensis cultures was toxic to slugs, with an estimated 50% lethal dose of 48 μg per slug, thus demonstrating that the LPS of M. osloensis is an endotoxin that is active against D. reticulatum. This appears to be the first report of a biological toxin that is active against mollusks.
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Ferré, Romuald, Shaza AlSharif, Ann Aldis, and Benoît Mesurolle. "The Positive Outcome of MRI-Guided Vacuum Assisted Core Needle Breast Biopsies is not Influenced by a Prior Negative Targeted Second-Look Ultrasound." Canadian Association of Radiologists Journal 68, no. 4 (November 2017): 401–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carj.2017.03.003.
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Purpose The study sought to investigate the outcome of breast magnetic resonance–guided biopsies as a function of the indication for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), the MRI features of the lesions, and the performance or not of a targeted second-look ultrasound (SLUS) prior breast MRI-guided biopsy. Methods We identified 158 women with MRI-detected breast lesions scheduled for MRI-guided biopsy (2007-2013). Patient demographics, performance of targeted SLUS, imaging characteristics, and subsequent pathology results were reviewed. Results Three biopsies were deferred, and 155 lesions were biopsied under MRI guidance (155 women; median age 55.14 years; range 27-80 years). Ninety-eight women underwent a SLUS prior to the MRI-guided biopsy (63%). Of the 155 biopsied lesions, 23 (15%) were malignant, 106 (68%) were benign, and 26 (17%) were high risk. Four of 15 surgically excised high-risk lesions were upgraded to malignancy (27%). Most of the biopsied lesions corresponded to non–mass-like enhancement (81%, 126 of 155) and most of the biopsies (52%, 81 of 155) were performed in a screening context. No demographic or MRI features were associated with malignancy. No differences were noted between the 2 subgroups (prior SLUS vs no prior SLUS) except for the presence of a synchronous carcinoma associated with a likelihood of targeted SLUS before MRI-guided biopsy ( P = .001). Conclusion A negative SLUS does not influence the pathology outcome of a suspicious lesion biopsied under MR guidance.
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Babarinde, SA, SA Olaleke, TA Adebayo, JI Olaifa, and AO Akinyemi. "Evaluation of four apicultural products for hive colonization by honey bees (Apis mellifera adansonii) (Hymenoptera: apidae) and pre-colonization pests." African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development 15, no. 69 (March 30, 2015): 9826–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.18697/ajfand.69.13615.
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Four apicultural products (honey, bee wax, slum gum and propolis) were evaluated for their potentials to attract the African honey bee ( Apis mellifera adansonii ) colony into artificial hives and their effect on infestation by apicultural insect pests. Ten grammes each of propolis, bee wax and slum gum and 10 ml of honey were applied at the flight entrance, walls of the hives and on the top bars. Data were collected on type and number of pre -colonization pests, hive colonization, colony weight gain, weight of matured harvested combs and weight of extracted honey from the harvested combs. Statistical analysis of the data was carried out using analysis of variance and means were separated with Tukeys’ HSD at 5% level of probability. Slum gum -baited hives were the first to be colonized (10 days post hive installation) (DPI), followed by bee wax (26.5 DPI). Bee wax however had the highest percentage hive colonization (66.67%) which was not significantly (P>0.05) different from 33.33% observed in other apicultural products. Weight gain on weekly basis did not follow a regular pattern for 2- 10 weeks after colonization (WAC); but at 12 -16 WAC, hives baited with bee wax had the highest weekly weight gain. In terms of total harvest, the performance of the different baiting materials was as follows: slum gum > bee wax > honey > propolis. However, percentage honey yield was highest in hives bai ted with bee wax and lowest in propolis -baited hives. The two pests encountered at the pre- colonization stage were waiver ant ( Oecophylla longinuda ) and sugar ant ( Camponotus consobrinus ). O. longinuda was significantly (P<0.05) highest (17.33) in honey baited hives than any other baiting material at 2 DPI. Slum gum and honey attracted more sugar ants at 2- 4 DPI than bee wax. At 3 DPI, O. longinuda was significantly (P<0.05) higher in slum gum than bee wax; but the later performed better with significantly lower level of pre -colonization pest infestation.
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Chen, Chian-Chou, Fabrizio Arrigoni Battaia, Bjorn H. C. Emonts, Matthew D. Lehnert, and J. Xavier Prochaska. "A Multiwavelength Study of ELAN Environments (AMUSE2). Detection of a Dusty Star-forming Galaxy within the Enormous Lyα Nebula at z=2.3 Sheds Light on its Origin." Astrophysical Journal 923, no. 2 (December 1, 2021): 200. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac2b9d.
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Abstract We present ALMA observations on and around the radio-quiet quasar UM 287 at z = 2.28. Together with a companion quasar, UM 287 is believed to play a major role in powering the surrounding enormous Lyα nebula (ELAN), dubbed the Slug ELAN, that has an end-to-end size of 450 physical kpc. In addition to the quasars, we detect a new dusty star-forming galaxy (DSFG), dubbed the Slug-DSFG, in 2 mm continuum with a single emission line consistent with CO(4−3). The Slug-DSFG sits at a projected distance of 100 kpc southeast from UM 287, with a systemic velocity difference of −360 ± 30 km s−1 with respect to UM 287, suggesting it is a possible contributor to the powering of the Slug ELAN. With careful modeling of the SED and dynamical analyses, it is found that the Slug-DSFG and UM 287 appear low in both gas fraction and gas-to-dust ratio, suggesting environmental effects due to the host’s massive halo. In addition, our Keck long-slit spectra reveal significant Lyα emissions from the Slug-DSFG, as well as a Lyα tail that starts at the location and velocity of the Slug-DSFG and extends toward the south, with a projected length of about 100 kpc. Supported by various analytical estimates we propose that the Lyα tail is a result of the Slug-DSFG experiencing ram pressure stripping. The gas mass stripped is estimated to be about 109 M ⊙, contributing to the dense warm/cool gas reservoir that is believed to help power the exceptional Lyα luminosity.
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Chapuis, Robert P. "Overdamped slug test in monitoring wells: review of interpretation methods with mathematical, physical, and numerical analysis of storativity influence." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 35, no. 5 (October 1, 1998): 697–719. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t98-041.
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Several methods are available to interpret slug tests; however, when applied to the same test data, they usually yield very different results. The methods are classified into three categories depending on their assumptions about the solid matrix deformability during the test. This paper deals with overdamped tests for elastic solids that deform instantaneously. It provides a unified interpretation of transmissivity T and storativity S based on the velocity graph for variable-head tests in monitoring wells or cased boreholes. If S has little influence, the velocity graph is a straight line. If S has some influence, the graph should give a smooth curve. However, smooth curves are exceptions in practice, thereby leading to a reexamination of the influence of S during a slug test. Three independent approaches are used. (1) A mathematical review shows that the overdamped solution, as adapted from a heat conduction problem, did not correctly treat storativity terms and the type of problem: it corresponds to a special pulse test, not a slug test. (2) A physical investigation of deformability shows that the influence of S does not exceed 1% of the initial slug for most compressible materials. Thus, it is almost impossible to detect its influence in test results. (3) Numerical analyses confirm that S has a negligible influence: test results provide straight lines, not curves. The numerical analysis of the special pulse test provides exactly the classical solution, and the correct values of T and S after eliminating the confusion about storativity terms. It is concluded that (1) S has a negligible influence in slug tests, (2) the existing classical solution giving T and S must be abandoned, and (3) the velocity-graph equation and its integral equation (Hvorslev or Bouwer and Rice) which correctly describe the process must be used.Key words: slug test, hydraulic conductivity, storativity, numerical modeling.
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Begum, Aleya, Mandira Mukutmoni, Afsana Mollik, and Yasmin Sultana. "Prevalence and associated risk factors of Strongyloides stercoralis infection in urban slum community of Dhaka, Bangladesh." Asian-Australasian Journal of Bioscience and Biotechnology 2, no. 3 (December 31, 2017): 199–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/aajbb.v2i3.64387.
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The present study was designed to investigate Strongyloides stercoralis infestation in four selected slum areas of Dhaka city. Harada-Mori culture was applied for detection. The average prevalence of S. stercoralis infection was 13.42%; 11.77% in male and 13.85% in female. The highest prevalence was found (40%) among the slum dwellers aged 50-59 years old following the age group 10-19 years (16.66%). In summer, the prevalence was the lowest (2.50%) and the peak was in rainy season (33.33%). The infestation was significant (p<0.05) depending on the educational status, economic condition and sense of hygiene among the slum residents. Noticeable prevalence was observed among the dwellers living in mud floored house (40.91%), performing irregular nail trim (50%), day laborer (31.58%) and bare footers (24.24%). Positive history of diarrhoea showed higher prevalence (18.52%) of S. stercoralis. The results of the present study suggest that, in the urban slum community, changes in the household environment, promulgation of proper hygiene knowledge amongst the slum dwellers would lessen the transmission of S. stercoralis infection.
Asian Australas. J. Biosci. Biotechnol. 2017, 2 (3), 199-203
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Steinbichler, T. B., J. Dudas, J. Ingruber, R. Glueckert, S. Sprung, F. Fleischer, N. Cidlinsky, et al. "Slug Is A Surrogate Marker of Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) in Head and Neck Cancer." Journal of Clinical Medicine 9, no. 7 (June 30, 2020): 2061. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm9072061.
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Background: Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) promotes therapy resistance in head and neck cancer (HNC) cells. In this study, EMT was quantified in HNC tumor samples by the cellular co-localization of cytokeratin/vimentin, E-cadherin/β-catenin and by Slug expression. Methods: Tissue samples from HNC patients were stained with antibody pairs against cytokeratin/vimentin and E-cadherin/β-catenin. Epithelial–mesenchymal co-localization was quantified using immunofluorescence multichannel image cytometry. Double positivity was confirmed using confocal microscopy. Slug was semi-quantified by 2 specialists and quantified by bright field image cytometry. Results: Tumor samples of 102 patients were investigated. A loss of E-cadherin positive cells (56.9 ± 2.6% vs. 97.9 ± 1.0%; p < 0.0001) and E-cadherin/β-catenin double positive cells (15.4 ± 5.7% vs. 85.4 ± 1.2%; p < 0.0001) was observed in tumor samples. The percentage of Slug positive cells was increased in tumor samples (12.1 ± 3.6% vs. 3.2 ± 2.6%; p = 0.001). Ordinal Slug scores judged by two specialists closely correlated with percentage of Slug-positive cells (Spearman’s rho = 0.81; p < 0.001). Slug score correlated negatively with the percentage of E-cadherin positive cells (r = 0.4; p = 0.006), the percentage of E-cadherin/β-catenin positive cells (r = 0.5; p = 0.001) and positively with cytokeratin/vimentin positive cells (r = 0.4, p = 0.003). Conclusion: EMT can be assessed in HNC tumor probes by cytokeratin/vimentin co-expression and loss of E-cadherin/β-catenin co-expression. Slug score provides a convenient surrogate marker for EMT.
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Surya, Batara, Haeruddin Saleh, Seri Suriani, Harry Hardian Sakti, Hadijah Hadijah, and Muhammad Idris. "Environmental Pollution Control and Sustainability Management of Slum Settlements in Makassar City, South Sulawesi, Indonesia." Land 9, no. 9 (August 19, 2020): 279. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land9090279.
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The complexity of spatial use has an impact on poverty and the development of slum settlements towards a decrease in environmental quality. In this study, we aim to analyze (1) urbanization and spatial expansion as determinants of spatial dynamics in suburban areas, (2) the effect of spatial expansion, land use change, population increase, and spatial activity patterns on the development of slum settlements, and (3) the relationship between control of spatial planning, handling land reclamation, and improving the quality of infrastructure with improving the quality of the environment and the sustainability of handling slum settlements in the suburbs. We use a sequential explanatory design, which is a combination of quantitative and qualitative research, and data are obtained through observation, in-depth interviews, surveys, and documentation. The results showed that slum settlements in watersheds and coastal areas as well as inadequate support for infrastructure services resulted in excessive groundwater use, soil pollution, and surface water quality pollution resulting in less smooth river flow regulation, lowering of water levels, urban flooding, and disease transmission. Weak control over spatial use, utilization of water catchment areas, and the inadequate fulfillment of slum settlement infrastructure services cause a decrease in environmental quality. These results indicate that it is very important to deal with slum settlements in a sustainable manner, including spatial use and environmental, economic, and social aspects. This study recommends that the handling of slum settlements requires policy support from the government in an effort, to meet the city target without slums by 2030 in Makassar City, Indonesia.
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Sarker, Protim, Evana Akhtar, Sharmin Akter, Sultana Rajia, Rakib Ullah Kuddusi, Razu Ahmed, Md Jakarea, et al. "Antibodies to Commonly Circulating Viral Pathogens Modulate Serological Response to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection." COVID 2, no. 12 (November 23, 2022): 1625–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/covid2120117.
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The purpose of this study was to determine the seropositivity of circulating viral pathogens and their association with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) seropositivity. In a cross-sectional design, inhabitants (aged 10–60 years) of the slum and surrounding non-slum areas of Dhaka and Chattogram Metropolitan cities in Bangladesh were enrolled from October 2020 to February 2021. Antibodies to SARS-CoV-2, influenza B, parainfluenza, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), human coronavirus HKU1 (HCoV-HKU1), dengue and chikungunya viruses were determined in plasma. The association of SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity with seropositivity to other viruses was assessed using the multi-variate logistic regression model. Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2, influenza B, RSV, dengue, chikungunya, HCoV-HKU1 and the parainfluenza virus were 68.3%, 98%, 50.0%, 16.5%, 15.5%, 3.36% and 0.0%, respectively. Individuals seropositive for RSV had lower odds (OR = 0.60; 95% CI= 0.49, 0.73) of SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity compared to RSV-seronegative individuals. Conversely, higher odds of SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity were observed in participants seropositive for dengue (OR= 1.73; 95% CI = 1.14, 2.66, only in slum) or chikungunya (OR = 1.48; 95% CI = 1.11, 1.95) compared to their seronegative counterparts. The study findings indicated that exposure to vector-borne virus dengue or chikungunya enhance, while antibodies to respiratory virus RSV decrease, the serological response to SARS-CoV-2.
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Farah, Shayela, Mohoshina Karim, Nasreen Akther, Meherunnessa Begum, and Nadia Begum. "Knowledge and Practice of Personal Hygiene and Sanitation: A Study in Selected Slums of Dhaka City." Delta Medical College Journal 3, no. 2 (August 4, 2015): 68–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dmcj.v3i2.24425.
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Background: : Slum dwellers are likely to be among the most deprived people in urban areas. Poor hygiene practices and inadequate sanitary conditions play major roles in the increased burden of communicable diseases within developing countries like ours.Objective: To assess the knowledge and practice about personal hygiene and environmental sanitation in selected slums of Dhaka city.Materials and method: This cross sectional study was conducted in purposively selected urban slum areas of Moghbazar slum, Bashabo slum and T&T slum of Dhaka city during February 2014 to April 2014. Convenient sampling technique was applied. Semi-structured pre-tested questionnaire was used and face to face interview was conducted. Total 475 subjects, irrespective of age and sex, were included in this study.Results: Out of 475 respondents, more than fifty percent slum dwellers resided in tin shaded room while 21.7% in kacha houses. Sixty six percent of the respondents used to drink water from tube-well and 24% used supplied water provided by the city corporation. The study revealed that near 59% of the respondents used sanitary latrine. About 67% slum dwellers regularly practiced hand washing before taking meal and 59.2% respondents used soap after defecation. About fifty percent respondents brushed their teeth regularly with tooth paste. Regarding personal cleanliness, 81% subjects took bath regularly while 78% washed clothes irregularly. A statistically significant relation was found between washing of hands before meal (p=0.001), washing of hands after defecation (p=0.02), tooth brushing (p=0.001), bathing (p=0.009), washing of cloths (p=0.001), use of footwear (p=0.63) with knowledge of personal hygiene of the slum dwellers.Conclusion: Continuous community hygiene education along with adequate access to water supply and sanitation improves hygiene behaviour and policy makers and health care providers should have definite strategy and implementation.Delta Med Col J. Jul 2015; 3(2): 68-73
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Nzau, Bernard, and Claudia Trillo. "Affordable Housing Provision in Informal Settlements through Land Value Capture and Inclusionary Housing." Sustainability 12, no. 15 (July 24, 2020): 5975. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12155975.
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Public-driven attempts to provide decent housing to slum residents in developing countries have either failed or achieved minimal output when compared to the growing slum population. This has been attributed mainly to shortage of public funds. However, some urban areas in these countries exhibit vibrant real estate markets that may hold the potential to bear the costs of regenerating slums. This paper sheds light on an innovative hypothesis to achieve slum regeneration by harnessing the real estate market. The study seeks to answer the question “How can urban public policy facilitate slum regeneration, increase affordable housing, and enhance social inclusion in cities of developing countries?” The study approaches slum regeneration from an integrated land economics and spatial planning perspective and demonstrates that slum regeneration can successfully be managed by applying land value capture (LVC) and inclusionary housing (IH) instruments. The research methodology adopted is based on a hypothetical master plan and related housing policy and strategy, aimed at addressing housing needs in Kibera, the largest slum in Nairobi, Kenya. This simulated master plan is complemented with economic and residual land value analyses that demonstrate that by availing land to private developers for inclusionary housing development, it is possible to meet slum residents’ housing needs by including at least 27.9% affordable housing in new developments, entirely borne by the private sector. Findings suggest that under a robust public-led governance umbrella, market forces can (1) significantly contribute to fill the financial gap in order to achieve the end of slums by 2050 in coherence with the United Nations Agenda 2030 targets and principles, and (2) increase both affordable and market housing in upgraded neighbourhoods, hence enhancing social inclusion in cities of developing countries.
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Khan, Rehan, Hamdan H. Ya, William Pao, Mohd Amin Abd Majid, Tauseef Ahmed, Amir Ahmad, Mohammad Azad Alam, M. Azeem, and Hassan Iftikhar. "Effect of Sand Fines Concentration on the Erosion-Corrosion Mechanism of Carbon Steel 90° Elbow Pipe in Slug Flow." Materials 13, no. 20 (October 16, 2020): 4601. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13204601.
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Erosion-corrosion of elbow configurations has recently been a momentous concern in hydrocarbon processing and transportation industries. The carbon steel 90° elbows are susceptible to the erosion-corrosion during the multiphase flow, peculiarly for erosive slug flows. This paper studies the erosion-corrosion performance of 90° elbows at slug flow conditions for impact with 2, 5, and 10 wt.% sand fines concentrations on AISI 1018 carbon steel exploiting quantitative and qualitative analyses. The worn surface analyses were effectuated by using laser confocal and scanning electron microscopy. The experiment was conducted under air and water slug flow containing sand fines of 50 µm average size circulated in the closed flow loop. The results manifest that with the increase of concentration level, the erosion-corrosion magnitude increases remarkably. Sand fines instigate the development of perforation sites in the form of circular, elongated, and coalescence pits at the elbow downstream and the corrosion attack is much more obvious with the increase of sand fines concentration. Another congruent finding is that cutting and pitting corrosion as the primitive causes of material degradation, the 10 wt.% sand fines concentration in carrier phase increases the erosion-corrosion rate of carbon steel up to 93% relative to the 2 wt.% sand fines concentration in slug flow.
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Tuncharoen, Warut, and Falan Srisuriyachai. "Evaluation of Polymer Alternating Waterflooding in Multilayered Heterogeneous Waterflooded Reservoir." MATEC Web of Conferences 171 (2018): 04001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201817104001.
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Polymer flooding is widely implemented to improve oil recovery since polymer can increase sweep efficiency and smoothen heterogeneous reservoir profile. However, polymer solution is somewhat difficult to be injected due to high viscosity and thus, water slug is recommended to be injected before and during polymer injection in order to increase an ease of injecting this viscous fluid into the wellbore. In this study, numerical simulation is performed to determine the most appropriate operating parameters to maximize oil recovery. The results show that pre-flushed water should be injected until water breakthrough while alternating water slug size should be as low as 5% of polymer slug size. Concentration for each polymer slugs should be kept constant and recommended number of alternative cycles is 2. Combining these operating parameters altogether contributes to oil recovery of 53.69% whereas single-slug polymer flooding provides only 53.04% which is equivalent to 8,000 STB of oil gain.
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Dahroni, D. "Analisis Keruangan Terhadap Perubahan dan Persebaran Permukiman Kumuh di Kecamatan Banjarsari Kota Surakarta Tahun 2001-2005." Forum Geografi 22, no. 1 (July 20, 2008): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.23917/forgeo.v22i1.4928.
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Since the year 1998 up to the mid of 2005, in the district ofBanjarsari, there happened an increasing amount of slum areas which might endanger the environmental balance. This research aims at (1) identifying the shift of distribution pattern from the settlement diffusion in the district of Banjarsari Surakarta in the year 2001-2005. (2) Identifying the alteration form of the unoccupied land into slum areas in the district of Banjarsari Surakarta. (3) Identifying the characteristics of slum area dwellers in the district of Banjarsari Surakarta. This research uses the survey method, secondary data analysis and map analysis. The data ar alysis used is tlie closest neighbor analysis, table of frequency, crossed tables and descrip ave analysis. The result shows that (1) the distribution pattern of the slum areas appeared in the district ofBanjarsari in the year 2001 is the random distribution pattern while the one in 2005 is the dissemination pattern. Such pattern indicates the grc wing amount and interraction with the means of transportation and economic condition in those slum areas. (3) The lands which are altered into slum areas in the district of Banjarsari during 2001-2005 take place in the unoccupied areas owned by the state.(3) The distribution of age among the slum area inhabitants is around 41-61 years of age (49%) while tb biggest amount is the new arrivals (57%). The region of Sub province Sragen has the bigges percentage in the distribution of the city inhabitants origin in the district of Banjarsari. Regionally, the inhabitants who come from the hinterland of Surakarta or ex Surakarta residency took the amount lof 73.68%. The highest percentage of educational level of the slum area inhabitants in the district of Banjarsari is the uneducated residents or those from low education level (55%). Most of the respondents occupations of the slum area dwellers in Banjarsari are in the informal sectors (82%) The number of family member in the district of Banjarsari is around l-