Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Slow photon'
To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Slow photon.
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Slow photon.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Faggiani, Rémi. "Resonant nanophotonics : structural slow light and slow plasmons." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0396/document.
Full textAbstract:
L'augmentation de l'interaction lumière-matière aux échelles micro et nanométriques est un des fers de lance de la nanophotonique. En effet, le contrôle de la répartition spatiale de la lumière grâce à l'interaction résonante entre nanostructures et ondes électromagnétiques a conduit aux développements de nombreuses applications dans des domaines variés tels que les télécommunications,la spectroscopie et la détection d'objets. Le ralentissement de la lumière, sujet de la thèse, obtenue grâces à l'interférence d'ondes contre-propageantes dans des milieux périodiques ou le confinement sub-longueur d'onde dans des guides d'ondes plasmoniques, est associé à une compression des pulses lumineux et une forte augmentation du champ électrique, deux phénomènes clés pour la miniaturisation de composées optiques et l'augmentation de l'interaction lumière matièreEnhancing light-matter interactions at micro and nanoscales is one of the spearheads of nanophotonics. Indeed, the control of the field distribution due to the resonant interaction of nanostructures with electromagnetic waves has prompted the development of numerous optical components for many applications in telecommunication, spectroscopy or sensing. A promising approach lies in the control of light speed in nanostructures. Light slowdown, obtained by wave interferences in periodic structures or subwavelength confinement in plasmonic waveguides, is associated to pulse compressions and large field enhancements,which are envisioned as key processes for the miniaturization of optical devices and the enhancement of light-matter interactions.The thesis studies both fundamental aspects and possible applications related to slow light in photonic and plasmonic nanostructures. In particular, we study the impact of periodic system sizes on the group velocity reduction and propose a novelfamily of resonators that implement slow light on very small spatial scales. We then investigate the role of fabrication disorder in slow periodic waveguides on light localization and demonstrate how modal properties influence the confinement of localized modes. Also we propose a new hollow-core photonic crystal waveguide that provides efficient and remote couplings between the waveguide and atoms thatare trapped away from it. Finally we demonstrate the important role played by slow plasmons on the emission of quantum emitters placed in nanogap plasmonic antennas and explain how large radiation efficiency can be achieved by overcoming quenching in the metal. Additionally, one part of the thesis is devoted to thederivation of a novel modal method to accurately describe the dynamics of plasmonic resonators under short pulse illumination
2
Thurtell, Tyler. "Slow and Stopped Light with Many Atoms, the Anisotropic Rabi Model and Photon Counting Experiment on a Dissipative Optical Lattice." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1533592687000267.
Full text
3
Escalante, Fernández José María. "Theoretical study of light and sound interaction in phoxonic crystal structures." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/33754.
Full textAbstract:
En esta tesis se realiza un estudio teórico de la interacción luz-sonido en estructuras foxonicas,
con las cuales es posible el control de la luz y el sonido a la misma vez.
Esta interacción en dichas estructuras se estudia, tanto desde un punto de vista macroscópico
(diseño de estructuras para el confinamiento y guiado de ondas electromagnéticas y elásticas)
como microscópico (estudio de la interacción fotón-fonón en microcavidades y desarrollo
teórico de modelos cuánticos para la comprensión de dicha interacción).Escalante Fernández, JM. (2013). Theoretical study of light and sound interaction in phoxonic crystal structures [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/33754
TESIS
4
Chibani, Haytham [Verfasser], Gerhard [Akademischer Betreuer] Rempe, and Rudolf [Akademischer Betreuer] Gross. "Photon Blockade with Memory and Slow Light using a Single Atom in an Optical Cavity / Haytham Chibani. Betreuer: Gerhard Rempe. Gutachter: Rudolf Gross ; Gerhard Rempe." München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1099594634/34.
Full text
5
Chibani, Haytham Verfasser], Gerhard [Akademischer Betreuer] Rempe, and Rudolf [Akademischer Betreuer] [Gross. "Photon Blockade with Memory and Slow Light using a Single Atom in an Optical Cavity / Haytham Chibani. Betreuer: Gerhard Rempe. Gutachter: Rudolf Gross ; Gerhard Rempe." München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:91-diss-20160428-1293639-1-2.
Full text
6
Zang, Xiaorun. "Lumière lente dans les guides à cristaux photoniques pour l'interaction renforcée avec la matière." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0172/document.
Full textAbstract:
Dans cette thèse, nous avons étudié l'impact considérable de désordre aléatoire sur le transport de la lumière lente dans les guides à cristaux photoniques 1D, c'est-à-dire la localisation de la lumière. Les mesures en champ proche, les simulations statistiques et le modèle théorique révèlent l'existence d'une limite inférieure de l’extension spatiale des modes localisés. Nous avons également présenté que le niveau de désordre et l’extension spatiale de mode localisé individuelle sont liés par la masse effective de photons plutôt que la vitesse de groupe considérant en général.Deuxièmement, les systèmes hybrides d'atomes froids et des guides à cristaux photoniques ont été reconnus comme un approche prometteuse pour l'ingénierie grande interaction lumière-matière au niveau des atomes et des photons individuels. Dans cette thèse, nous avons étudié la physique, à savoir le transport de la lumière dans des guides de nanophotonique périodiques couplées à des atomes à deux niveaux. Notre expression semi-analytique développée est générale et peut rapidement caractériser le couplage entre les atomes froids et les photons guidées. Pour surmonter les difficultés techniques considérables existent dans les systèmes hybrides atomique et photonique, nous avons conçu un guide nanophotonique qui supporte un mode de Bloch lente guidée avec grande queue évanescente dans l'espace libre pour les atomes froids de piégeage. Pour adapter précisément la région de fréquence de la lumière lente du mode guidé à la ligne de transition atomique, nous avons conçu la bande photonique et de la courbe de dispersion du mode guidé afin que la force de l'interaction est robuste contre imprévisible fabrication imperfectionIn this thesis, we firstly investigated the striking influence of random disorder on light transport near band edges in one dimensional photonic crystal wave guides, i.e. light localization. Near-field measurements, statistical simulations and theoretical model revealed the existence of a lower bound for the spatial extent of localized modes. We also showed that the disorder level and the spatial extent of individual localized mode is linked by the photon effective mass rather than the generally considered group velocity. Secondly, hybrid cold atoms and photonic crystal wave guides system have been recognized as a promising paradigm for engineering large light-matter interaction at single atoms and photons level. In this thesis, we studied the basic physics, i.e. light transport in periodic nanophotonic wave guides coupled to two-level atoms. Our developed general semi-analytical expression can quickly characterize the coupling between cold atoms and guided photons. Aim to overcome the significant technical challenges existed for developing hybrid atom-photonic systems, we designed a nanophotonic waveguide, which supports a slow guided Bloch mode with large evanescent tail in free space for cold atoms trapping (release the limitation imposed by Casmir Polder force and technical challenge of nanoscale manipulation of cold atoms). To match precisely the slow light region of the guided mode to the atomic transition line, we carefully engineered the photonic band and the dispersion curve (i.e.flatness) of the guided mode so that the interaction strength is robust against unpredictable fabrication imperfection
7
Lauprêtre, Thomas. "Processus cohérents et applications des phénomènes de lumière lente et rapide dans l'hélium métastable à température ambiante." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00772326.
Full textAbstract:
L'interaction entre des champs électromagnétiques et des systèmes à plusieurs niveaux peut donner lieu à différents processus cohérents. La transparence électromagnétiquement induite (EIT) ou les oscillations cohérentes de populations (CPO) sont des phénomènes résonnants ayant pour conséquence d'annuler l'absorption du système pour un champ sonde. L'EIT se produit dans les systèmes à trois niveaux et met en jeu une cohérence entre niveaux non couplés optiquement, alors que les systèmes à deux niveaux suffisent pour faire apparaître le CPO qui ne met pas en jeu la dynamique des cohérences.Il est possible dans un milieu constitué d'atomes d'hélium métastable à température ambiante d'extraire un système à trois niveaux en Λ qui, lorsqu'il est excité par des polarisations circulaires, fait apparaître des fenêtres EIT de l'ordre de quelques dizaines de kHz de large. Lorsque ce système est excité par des polarisations linéaires et soumis à un champ magnétique de faible amplitude, c'est l'association des deux phénomènes de CPO et d'EIT qui détermine la réponse du système. Une fenêtre de transparence CPO de quelques dizaines de kHz de large a en particulier été observée.Ce type de phénomènes résonnants est associé à de grandes variations de l'indice de réfraction avec la fréquence du champ sonde, ayant pour conséquence de profondes modifications de la vitesse de groupe d'une impulsion se propageant dans le milieu. Notre système expérimental permet ainsi d'observer de la lumière lente, de la lumière rapide ainsi que des vitesses de groupe négatives. L'insertion de tels milieux dispersifs en cavité optique a été suggérée pour augmenter la précision de senseurs comme les gyroscopes lasers, mais leur bruit fondamental dépend de la durée de vie des photons dans la cavité. C'est pourquoi l'influence des milieux hautement dispersifs sur la durée de vie des photons dans une cavité est étudiée expérimentalement et théoriquement.
8
Petrov, Alexander. "Slow light photonic crystal line-defect waveguides." Göttingen Cuvillier, 2007. http://d-nb.info/989861244/04.
Full text
9
Schulz, Sebastian Andreas. "Propagation loss in slow light photonic crystal waveguides." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/2837.
Full textAbstract:
The field of nanophotonics is a major research topic, as it offers potential solutions to important challenges, such as the creation of low power, high bandwidth interconnects or optical sensors. Within this field, resonant structures and slow light waveguides are used to improve device performance further. Photonic crystals are of particular interest, as they allow the fabrication of a wide variety of structures, including high Q-factor cavities and slow light waveguides. The high scattering loss of photonic crystal waveguides, caused by fabrication disorder, however, has so far proven to be the limiting factor for device applications. In this thesis, I present a detailed study of propagation loss in slow light photonic crystal waveguides. I examine the dependence of propagation loss on the group index, and on disorder, in more depth than previous work by other authors. I present a detailed study of the relative importance of different components of the propagation loss, as well as a calculation method for the average device properties. A new calculation method is introduced to study different device designs and to show that photonic crystal waveguide propagation loss can be reduced by device design alone. These “loss engineered” waveguides have been used to demonstrate the lowest loss photonic crystal based delay line (35 dB/ns) with further improvements being predicted (< 20 dB/ns). Novel fabrication techniques were investigated, with the aim of reducing fabrication disorder. Initial results showed the feasibility of a silicon anneal in a nitrogen atmosphere, however poor process control led to repeatability issues. The use of a slow-fast-slow light interface allowed for the fabrication of waveguides spanning multiple writefields of the electron-beam lithography tool, overcoming the problem of stitching errors. The slow-fast-slow light interfaces were combined with loss engineering waveguide designs, to achieve an order of magnitude reduction in the propagation loss compared to a W1 waveguide, with values as low as 130 dB/cm being achieved for a group index around 60.
10
Micó, Reche Mª del Mar. "Photo-Fenton and Slow Sand Filtration coupling for hydroponics water reuse." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/128571.
Full textAbstract:
The collaboration between the University of Barcelona and Acciona Agua was focused on optimizing greenhouses hydric resources. The functionality of a combined treatment had to be assessed, when applied to the discard stream of a recycling system of the Advanced Greenhouse leachates. The coupling consisted on an Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOP), photo-Fenton, based on hydroxyl radical oxidative potential, produced by the interaction between Fe2+ and H2O2, and a slow sand filtration column acting as a bioreactor. The recycling system will require the synergy of chemical and biological processes to be able to work efficiently with the particular characteristics of greenhouses effluents: high salinity content and the presence of pesticides.
Two recycling strategies proposed by the project defined two conductivity thresholds that the coupled system should be able to cope with. The first strategy proposed a simple semi-closed system that recycled nutrient solution from the hydroponics crops until a maximum value of 11 mS•cm(-1), phytotoxicity limit. Part of the current was then diverted to be treated by the integrated system. The second strategy introduced reverse osmosis membrane technology that concentrated that diverted stream, sending the permeate for its reuse directly to the greenhouse, while the brine had to be treated by the coupled process. In this case the maximum level of salinity in the effluents could reach conductivities close to those for seawater, around 50 mS•cm(-1).
The performance of photo-Fenton reaction was essayed in order to improve the knowledge regarding this treatment technique. On the first place, this AOP and the ozonation process were compared. Results shown that increasing toxicity of ozonation effluents confirmed the choice of photo-Fenton as the most adequate treatment for pesticide polluted effluents. Experimental design criteria allowed then to determine optimal working conditions depending on the content of the reaction media, and enabled to prove the existence of endogenous catalyst inhibition in the presence of fosetyl-Al. Salinity essays were finally performed, yielding positive results even for highest conductivity effluents. Those positive results were also reflected in the increase of the biodegradability of the treated effluents, what leaded to the next step of the research.
Biocompatibility of pretreated effluents was essayed by means of sequencing batch reactors (SBR). These devices were used to show how photo-Fenton indeed increased biodegradability of the effluents, and how it grown until a certain point when more hydrogen peroxide did not lead to better results. They were also utilized to assess the biocompatibility of high salinity pretreated effluents, as a first step towards the coupling with the slow sand filtration at high conductivities. Results obtained were extremely encouraging, given that even for the highest salinity concentrations (10 and 50 mS•cm(-1)), the performance of the bioreactor achieved an organic content reduction for more than 80% of the loaded concentration, which compared to the 10-20% removal achieved by photo-Fenton, justifies the need of combining both treatments.
Guided by those positive results, the load of the slow sand filtration column with different salinity pretreated effluents was performed. Also positive results were obtained. The achieved elimination of the organic content was more than 75% when loaded with 10 mS•cm-1 effluent, and the refractory fraction (the remaining organic matter that cannot be oxidized either by photo-Fenton reaction or by the biomass metabolism) was the lowest also for this high conductivity.
Molecular biology tools, MTBs, used in this thesis were based on cloning and sequencing techniques of 16S rRNA genes. They allowed characterizing the bacterial population of one of the assessed SBRs and of the different loading stages of the slow sand filtration column. They showed how with the increase of salinity, the population in the slow sand filtration column loosed diversity, despite the fact that the performance of the column was still proficient. This fact stated how a very different microbial consortium could be developing the same functions as others.
According to obtained results, it could be finally concluded that the coupling between photo-Fenton reaction and slow sand filtration column could be an effective treatment alternative for implementing the recycling strategies of hydroponics greenhouse leachates proposed by CENIT-MEDIODIA Project. For its part, MBTs were revealed as powerful tools to characterize microbial population and increase the understanding of the bioreactions taking part in bioremediation.Esta tesis se enmarca en la colaboración entre el Departamento de Ingeniería Química de la Universidad de Barcelona y el Departamento de I+D de Acciona Agua S.A.U, en el marco del Proyecto CENIT- MEDIODIA (2007-2010). Esta iniciativa la componen un consorcio de empresas un consorcio de empresas y centros de investigación que unieron esfuerzos de innovación en el desarrollo de un nuevo concepto de Invernaderos Hidropónicos Avanzados. La colaboración entre la Universidad de Barcelona y Acciona Agua se centró en la optimización de los recursos hídricos de dichos invernaderos. Así se evaluó la funcionalidad de un tratamiento combinado que integrara un Proceso de Oxidación Avanzada (reacción foto-Fenton), y un reactor biológico (columna de arena de filtración lenta), aplicados a la corriente de desecho de un sistema de recirculación de lixiviados provenientes del nombrado invernadero avanzado. Las particularidades de dicho sistema de reciclado harían que el sistema combinado tuviese que trabajar con efluentes con alto contenido en pesticidas (metomilo, imidacloprid y fosetyl-Al, fueron escogidos para simular los lixiviados de invernadero) y conductividades entre 11 y 50 mS•cm-1. De este modo el principal objetivo del proceso integrado sería el de conseguir la máxima eliminación de los compuestos xenobióticos y de la carga orgánica que los acompañe en el efluente tratado. Así pues, la experimentación se llevó a cabo frente a tres aspectos relacionados con el sistema combinado: estudio de la reacción foto-Fenton, ensayos con biorreactores, y empleo de herramientas de biología molecular (MBT, en sus siglas en inglés) aplicadas a la caracterización de la biomasa desarrollada en los biorreactores ensayados. Según los resultados obtenidos, se llegó a la conclusión de que la combinación de la reacción foto-Fenton y la columna de filtración lenta podría ser una alternativa de tratamiento eficaz para la aplicación de las estrategias de reciclaje de los lixiviados hidroponía presentadas en Proyecto CENIT-MEDIODIA. Además, MBT se revelaron como poderosas herramientas para caracterizar la población microbiana de distintos biorreactores y las funciones que desempeñan.
11
Grinberg, Patricio. "Slow light in two dimensional semi-conductor photonic crystals." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00830962.
Full textAbstract:
We report on the combination of slow light propagation with the resonance properties of a photonic crystal (PhC) cavity and with the slow mode of a PhC waveguide. We demonstrate theoretically and experimentally that slow light induced by the Coherent Population Oscillation (CPO) effect enables to have small-size and ultrahigh quality (Q) factor cavity, regardless of the technological and design issues. The experimental proof is performed in a L3 2D PhC cavity with semiconductor quantum wells as active, medium in which the CPO effect is induced. We achieve a cavity Q-factor of 520000, which corresponds to an enhancement by a factor 138 in comparison with the original Q-factor of the cavity. We present a theoretical approach to the combination of CPO-based slow light and slow mode in PhC waveguides, showing that the total group index is a multiplication of the group indices associated respectively to the CPO slow light and to the waveguide slow mode. We also set the basis for the experimental demonstration by designing and fabricating samples in the clean room facilities of LPN and addressing the challenging issue of coupling and extracting light in and from the waveguides. A particular design of the PhC in the waveguide is issued as a grating that allows to couple light perpendicularly to the plane of the PhC from free space. The vertical coupler has also been designed and fabricated along the waveguide and has been experimentally characterized. Slow light based on CPO effect in the PhC waveguides is always under experimental investigation.
12
Askari, Murtaza. "High efficiency devices based on slow light in photonic crystals." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/39558.
Full textAbstract:
Photonic crystals have allowed unprecedented control of light and have allowed bringing new functionalities on chip. Photonic crystal waveguides (PCWs), which are linear defects in a photonic crystal, have unique features that distinguish these waveguides from other waveguides. The unique features include very large dispersion, existence of slow light, and the possibility of tailoring the dispersion properties for guiding light. In my research, I have overcome some of the challenges in using slow light in PCWs. In this work, I have demonstrated (i) high efficiency coupling of light into slow group velocity modes of a PCW, (ii) large bandwidth high transmission and low dispersion bends in PCWs, (iii) accurate modeling of pulse propagation in PCWs, (iv) high efficiency absorbing boundary conditions for dispersive slow group velocity modes of PCWs. To demonstrate the utility of slow light in designing high efficiency devices, I have demonstrated refractive index sensors using slow light in PCWs. In the end, a few high efficiency devices based on slow light in PCWs are mentioned. The remaining issues in the widespread use of PCW are also discussed in the last chapter.
13
Povinelli, Michelle Lynn 1975. "Characteristics of defect modes, slow light, and disorder in photonic crystals." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/29449.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Physics, 2004.Includes bibliographical references (p. 97-122).
Chapter 1 introduces the subject of photonic crystals and reviews the basic physical principles underlying the formation of a band gap and the creation of localized defect modes. Proposed applications, fabrication techniques, and numerical simulation methods are surveyed. Chapter 2 demonstrates the construction of 2D-like defect modes in a 3D photonic crystal with a complete gap. The modes are similar to those in 2D photonic crystals in terms of polarization, field profile, and projected band structures. The results should facilitate the implementation of 2D photonic-crystal devices in realistic 3D systems. Chapter 3 explores the possibility of using photonic-crystal defect modes to design magnetic metamaterials: structures that exhibit magnetic properties despite the non- magnetic character of their constituents. A synthetic magnetic moment is provided by a point-defect mode studied in Chapter 2. Quantitative analysis of the far-field radiation pattern proves that the mode has a primarily magnetic character: over 98% of the emitted power goes into magnetic multipole radiation. Chapter 4 calculates the radiation pressure on the surface of a waveguide formed by ornnidirectionally reflecting mirrors. In the absence of losses, the pressure goes to infinity as the distance between the mirrors is reduced to the cutoff separation of the waveguide mode. The divergence results from the reduction of the modal group velocity to zero, which causes slow-light magnification of the field intensity at constant power input.
(cont.) Chapter 5 analyzes slow-light, band-edge waveguides for compact, integrated, tun- able optical time delays. Slow group velocities at the photonic band edge give rise to large changes in time delay for small changes in refractive index, shrinking device size. Figures of merit are defined for tuning sensitivity and signal dispersion. Exact calculations for a realistic, three-dimensional grating structure are shown to be well predicted by a simple quadratic-band model, simplifying device design. Chapter 6 derives a general, coupled-mode theory for disorder-induced scattering in strongly periodic systems. The analytical results allow the comparison of photonic- crystal waveguides to similar index-guided waveguides. In the realistic limit of weak disorder, reflections are identical while transmission is higher for the photonic-crystal waveguide. The general results, verified by direct numerical simulations in an example system, suggest a new mechanism for the design of low-loss waveguides.
by Michelle Lynn Povinelli.
Ph.D.
14
Brosi, Jan-Michael. "Slow-light photonic crystal devices for high-speed optical signal processing." Karlsruhe : Universitätsverlag, 2009. http://digbib.ubka.uni-karlsruhe.de/volltexte/1000009905.
Full text
15
Brosi, Jan-Michael. "Slow light photonic crystal devices for high speed optical signal processing." Karlsruhe Univ.-Verl. Karlsruhe, 2008. http://d-nb.info/992585090/04.
Full text
16
Vo, Thanh Phong. "Optical near-field characterization of Slow-Bloch Mode based photonic crystal devices." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00758323.
Full textAbstract:
2D-Photonic crystal (PC) structures have enabled the fabrication of a wide variety of nanophotonic components. In perfect PCs, the exploitation of the enhanced local density of states at critical points of the band diagram has attracted considerable attention. Near these points, where the group velocity vanished, low curvature flat bands give rise to delocalized and stationary optical slow Bloch modes (or slow light modes). Properties of slow light make them good candidates to enhance Purcell or various non-linear effects or to design low-threshold lasers. Among these modes, slow Bloch modes (SBMs) emitting in the vertical direction, i.e. located at the Γ- point of the Brillouin zone are particularly interesting for integrating 2D PC architectures with free space optics. In particular, some SBMs proved to be suitable for achieving strong vertical emission with peculiar polarization properties. Other promising applications concern disorder: by introducing a controlled randomness into the PC structure, it is possible to induce a transition from slow Bloch mode (in ordered PC) to Anderson's localization (in disordered PC) as a function of disorder degree. In this PhD dissertation, Slow Bloch modes have been studied and characterized by the means of Near-field Scanning Optical microscopy (NSOM). We particularly focused on Slow Bloch laser mode at Γ- point of a honeycomb 2DPC. This NSOM technique enables to visualize the evanescent component of the mode with a spatial resolution below the diffraction limit. In this work, we showed that the far-field and the near-field image of the mode at the 2D-PC surface are different and that near-field results yield a better insight in the real mode structure inside the PC slab in agreement with theoretical prediction. The importance of the probe selection (bare silica, metallized tip and bow-tie aperture nanoantenna) for studying III-V photonic crystal structures was also demonstrated. Besides intensity measurement of the electromagnetic field, the polarization of the electric field has been measured at the nanoscale for the first time by using a bow-tie nano-antenna probe. These results enable the unambiguous identification of the modes with the 3D-FDTD simulations.In this work is also reported the first observation of two-dimensional localization of light in two types of 2D random photonic crystal lasers, where Slow Bloch Mode (SBM) is scattered by artificial structural randomness in triangular PCs. The structural randomness is introduced whether by nanometer displacements in the positions of lattice elements (air holes), whether by variation of the hole diameters. The direct near-field imaging of the lasing mode by use of NSOM for the first time, allowed us to observe the transition of the extended planar SBM to be Anderson localized.
17
Rey, Isabella H. "Active slow light in silicon photonic crystals : tunable delay and Raman gain." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/3356.
Full textAbstract:
In the past decade, great research effort was inspired by the need to realise active optical functionalities in silicon, in order to develop the full potential of silicon as a photonic platform. In this thesis we explore the possibility of achieving tunable delay and optical gain in silicon, taking advantage of the unique dispersion capabilities of photonic crystals. To achieve tunable optical delay, we adopt a wavelength conversion and group velocity dispersion approach in a miniaturised engineered slow light photonic crystal waveguide. Our scheme is equivalent to a two-step indirect photonic transition, involving an alteration of both the frequency and momentum of an optical pulse, where the former is modified by the adiabatic tuning possibilities enabled by slow light. We apply this concept in a demonstration of continuous tunability of the delay of pulses, and exploit the ultrafast nature of the tuning process to demonstrate manipulation of a single pulse in a train of two pulses. In order to address the propagation loss intrinsic to slow light structures, with a prospect for improving the performance of the tunable delay device, we also investigate the nonlinear effect of stimulated Raman scattering as a means of introducing optical gain in silicon. We study the influence of slowdown factors and pump-induced losses on the evolution of a signal beam along the waveguide, as well as the role of linear propagation loss and mode profile changes typical of realistic photonic crystal structures. We then describe the work conducted for the experimental demonstration of such effect and its enhancement due to slow light. Finally, as the Raman nonlinearity may become useful also in photonic crystal nanocavities, which confine light in very small volumes, we discuss the design and realisation of structures which satisfy the basic requirements on the resonant modes needed for improving Raman scattering.
18
Lloret, Soler Juan Antonio. "Slow Light Effects in Photonic Integrated Circuits with Application to Microwave Photonics." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/16472.
Full textAbstract:
Esta tesis doctoral tiene como objetivo el diseño y la implementación de dispositivos ópticos novedosos capaces de realizar tareas de procesado de señales de rediofrecuencia, concretamente en las bandas de microondas y milimétricas, explotando para ello efectos de luz lenta que tienen lugar sobre algunos medios físicos que presentan características especiales. Con este propósito, se han investigado estructuras basadas en tecnología de semiconductor en guiaonda, además de estructuras de naturaleza resonante sobre circuitos en silicio y compuestos híbridos fabricados con materiales activos pertenecientes a los grupos III-V sobre silicio. En concreto, se han prouestos diferentes circuitos ópticos capaces de desarrollar tareas propias de desfasador y retardadeo verdadero de banda ancha para señales de radiofrecuncia. El comportamiento de dichos circuitos ópticos bajo estudio se ha caracterizado mediante modelado teórico, quedando éstos adecuadamente validados a través de resultados experimentales. En primer lugar, se han llevado a cabo estudios concernientes a la degradación producida por ruido en estructuras desfasadores formadas por amplificadores ópticos de semiconductor. Como resultado, se ha propuesto una nueva estructura que ha revertido en un rendimiento optimizado en términos de ruido sin que ello suponga una alteración en su funcionnalidad básica como desfasador. Esta estructura desfasadora ha sido el elemento clave en el ensamblado de un filtro elimina banda sintonizable. En segundo lugar, se han utilizado diferentes configuraciones basadas en anillos de silicio con dimensiones micrométricas para el desarrollo e implementación de diferentes procesadores de señal, tales como filtros reconfigurables y sintonizables y retardadores multicanal. Concretamente, se ha introducido un nuevo concepto inspirado en la técnica conocida como SCT, cuyo beneficio redunda en un aumento considerable del ancho de banda útil de las señales de radiofrecuencia a procesar gracias aLloret Soler, JA. (2012). Slow Light Effects in Photonic Integrated Circuits with Application to Microwave Photonics [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/16472
Palancia
19
Hao, Ran. "Wide-band low-dispersion low-losses slow light in photonic crystal waveguides." Paris 11, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA112351.
Full textAbstract:
Cette thèse apporte des contributions à la résolution de problèmes actuels concernant les effets de lumière lente dans des guides d'ondes à cristaux photoniques dans le but d'obtenir une large bande passante, une faible dispersion, et de faibles pertes de propagation. De nouveaux types de guides à cristaux photoniques sont proposés ayant une large bande passante, une faible dispersion de vitesse de groupe, et permettant un contrôle flexible des propriétés d’ondes lentes avec des exigences raisonnables en terme de fabrication des structures par les technologies de salle blanche. Une approche globale visant à améliorer le produit délai×bande passante des dispositifs présents est proposée. En utilisant cette approche, le produit normalisé délai×bande passante a été amélioré d’un facteur 15 par rapport à l’état de l’art des guides conçus pour fonctionner avec un indice de groupe moyen de 90. Les pertes induites par la fabrication ont également été étudiées. Nous avons modélisé quatre types de désordre dans la fabrication des structures réelles. Les résultats obtenus ont permis de quantifier combien la région à proximité du centre du défaut linéique a une influence dominante sur les pertes. Enfin, tous les résultats de conception ont été utilisés pour la fabrication de plaques de silicium sur isolant préparées pour la démonstration des effets prévus de lumière lenteThis Ph. D study brings contributions of solving present problems for slow light in photonic crystal waveguides, aiming to obtain wide-band, low-dispersion, and low losses slow light. Novel kinds of photonic crystal waveguides are proposed having large bandwidth, low group velocity dispersion and allowing a flexible control of slow light properties with reasonable requirements to clean room fabrication. An overall approach to improve the delay-bandwidth product of present slow light devices is proposed. By using this approach, the normalized delay-bandwidth product of previous waveguides has been improved by a factor of 15 if compared with regular photonic crystal waveguides with a group index maintained at the high value of 90. The fabrication induced losses have also been studied. We modeled four kinds of structure disorders in real fabrication. The obtained results quantify how much the region close to the line defect center has a dominant influence on the losses. Finally, all design results have been used for the fabrication of silicon-on-insulator samples prepared for the demonstration of the foreseen slow light effects
20
Sancho, Durá Juan. "Photonic-assisted RF Signal Processing based on Slow and Fast Light Technological Platforms." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/16471.
Full textAbstract:
Los efectos de la luz lenta y luz rápida (SFL) han mostrado unas capacidades excepcionales sobre el control dinámico de la velocidad de la luz en diferentes medios. Una de las motivaciones más estimulantes redica en la potente aplicación de estos sistemas en el marco del procesado fotónico de señales de radio frecuencia (RF).
En esta tesis doctoral, se evalúan las prestaciones de las plataformas de SFL actuales para desarrollar múltiples tareas que se requieren en el campo de la fotónica de microondas (MWP) con el valor añadido de sintonizabilidad y operación en banda ancha. En esta contexto, el scattering de Brillouin estimulado (SBS) tanto en fibra estándar como en fibra mantenedora de polarización (PMF), de redes Bragg (FBG), amplificadores ópticos de semiconductor (SOA) y cristales fotónicos (PhC) han sido las tecnologías bajo estudio. Desde escalas del orden de km hata mm, estas plataformas de SFL representan la evolución hacia la consolidación de componentes y subsistemas de MWP en circuitos fotónicos integrados (PIC). Diversos modelos analíticos y numéricos se han desarrollado con el objetivo de entender los procesos físicos que goboernan la porpagación a través de las diferentes plataformas de SFL, así como para describir los enfoques de MWP propuestos. Además, a través de las plataformas presentadas se ha llevado a cabo el análisis de las prestaciones de dos de las funcionalidades clave que se requieren para el procesado fotónico de señales de microondas, desfasadores sintonizables y retardos verdaderos (TTD). Se ha propuesto un sistema de TTD basado en la llamada técnica de sintonización separada de la portadora (SCT) a través de los efectos de SBS en fibrras estándr. Se ha evaluado la interacción del SBS en PMF con el propósito de desarrollar redes de Brillouin dinámicas (DBG), cuya fase generada ha sido fruto de estudio. Por otro lado, también se ha demostrado un sistema de densado distribuido basado en la reflexión continua de un pulso estrecho a lo laSancho Durá, J. (2012). Photonic-assisted RF Signal Processing based on Slow and Fast Light Technological Platforms [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/16471
Palancia
21
Yu, Wing Wa. "Routing and time-slot assignment in photonic circuit switching networks /." View Abstract or Full-Text, 2002. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?ELEC%202002%20YUW.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M. Phil.)--Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, 2002.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 68-70). Also available in electronic version. Access restricted to campus users.
22
Hoang, Thi Hong Cam. "Planar slot photonic crystal cavities for on-chip hybrid integration." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS063/document.
Full textAbstract:
Cette thèse est une contribution à la modélisation et à l'étude expérimentale de cavités à cristaux photoniques à fente développées en vue d’un intégration hybride de matériaux actifs sur silicium. Parmi les travaux de conception, nous avons d'abord utilisé la méthodes des ondes planes et la méthode des différences finies (FDTD) pour concevoir une série de cavités SOI à hétérostructures, mécaniquement robustes, infiltrées par des liquides d’indices (n environ 1,5), présentant des longueurs d'onde de résonance dans la gamme des télécommunications (1,3 μm - 1,6 μm), des facteurs de qualité de plusieurs dizaines de milliers, et des volumes modaux proches de 0,03 (lambda/n)3. Nous avons ensuite étudié analytiquement et numériquement le couplage entre une cavité à cristaux photoniques à fente et un guide d'onde à fente par la théorie des modes couplés, complétée par des simulations FDTD, qui ont permis de confirmer la possibilité d'exciter efficacement les modes de fente des cavités à partir d'un guide externe. Enfin, nous avons étudié numériquement et semi-analytiquement des géométries de molécules photoniques constituées de deux cavités à cristaux photoniques à fentes couplées, dont l’écart fréquentiel entre les supermodes a pu être ajusté en amplitude et en signe. Nous avons utilisé une méthode perturbative (« Tight binding ») pour estimer les distributions spatiales des modes des molécules photoniques et prédire leurs fréquences dans plusieurs configurations de cavités à cristaux photoniques à fentes couplées.Ce travail exploratoire a été complété par une partie expérimentale qui a porté sur l'étude d'une famille de cavités de hétérostructure à cristaux photoniques à fente. Les cavités à cœur creux fabriquées ont montré des facteurs de qualité (Q) de plusieurs dizaines de milliers, associés à des volumes modaux de l’ordre de V=0,03 (λ/n)^3 après infiltration de la fente et des trous des structures par des liquides d'indice de réfraction proches de 1,46. Des facteurs Q/V supérieurs à 600 000 et atteignant 1 000 000 dans le meilleur des cas (vers lambda=1,3µm) ont ainsi été observés. Cette phase expérimentale préliminaire a donné ensuite lieu à deux types de développements.Tout d'abord, les propriétés des cavités à cristaux photoniques à fentes ont été étudiées pour des applications en détection d'indice en volume, et testées en utilisant différents liquides d'indice de réfraction compris entre 1,345 à 1,545. Les résonateurs étudiés ont présenté des sensibilités de ~ 235 nm / RIU et des facteur de mérite de détection d'indice de l’ordre de 3700, à l’état de l’art pour des résonateurs silicium intégrés à cœur creux.Dans une autre direction, le potentiel des résonateurs diélectriques à fente a été exploré en vue d’une intégration des matériaux actifs sur silicium. Un polymère dopé aux nanotubes de carbone semiconducteurs a été déposé comme matériau de couverture en vue d’étudier le renforcement de la photoluminescence (PL) des nano-émetteurs sous pompage optique vertical à lambda=740nm. Les expériences conduites ont permis de corréler le renforcement de la PL des nanotubes avec les modes de résonance des cavités et de démontrer le couplage partiel de cette PL vers des guides SOI longs de plusieurs millimètres (collection par la tranche vers lambda=1.3µm), apportant une preuve de principe d’une possible intégration des nanotubes émetteurs en photonique sur siliciumThis Ph.D. work is a contribution to the modeling and the experimental study of slot photonic crystal cavities for hybrid on-silicon integration. Among the design works, we first have used plane the wave expansion and finite-difference time-domain methods to design a series of mechanically robust (non-free membrane) SOI slot photonic crystal heterostructure cavities with resonance wavelengths in the telecommunication range, i.e. from 1.3 µm – 1.6 µm, with Q-factors of around several tens of thousands and mode volumes around 0.03(lambda/n)^3 after being infiltrated by cladding materials with typical index values around 1.5. We have then analytically and numerically studied the coupling between a slot photonic crystal cavity and a slot photonic crystal waveguide by using the coupled mode theory and FDTD simulation. Then we confirmed the ability to excite the cavity slot modes from a waveguide by using FDTD simulation. Finally, as a preliminary step towards the use of several coupled slotted cavities for future hybrid integration schemes, we have numerically and semi-analytically investigated photonic molecules made of two coupled slot photonic crystal cavities providing two different supermodes (bonding and antibonding ones) with controllable wavelength splitting. We successfully employed the tight-binding (TB) approach, which relies on the overlap of the two tightly confined cavity electric fields, to predict the supermodes frequencies and spatial distributions in several coupled slot photonic crystal cavity configurations.This exploratory work was supplemented by an experimental part, which focused on the investigation of a family of slot photonic crystal heterostructure cavities. The fabricated silicon on insulator hollow core cavities showed quality factors of several tens of thousands, i.e. from 18,000 to 31,000 and mode volume V of ~0.03(λ/n)3 after being infiltrated with liquids of ~1.46 refractive index, yielding Q/V ratio larger than 600,000, and reaching 1,000,000 in the best case (at λ ≈ 1.3 μm).This preliminary experimental stage gave rise to two types of additional developments.Firstly, the properties of the studied slot photonic crystal cavities have been investigated for index sensing applications by using different liquids with refractive index values ranging from 1.345 to 1.545. The considered photonic crystal resonators have demonstrated quality factors of several tens of thousands with sensitivities of ~235 nm/RIU and index sensing FOMs around 3,700, i.e. at the state of the art considering hollow core silicon integrated resonators.Secondly, in the view of the integration of active materials on silicon, the potential of these hollow core nanoresonators has been considered to enhance the photo-luminescence (PL) of semiconductor single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) integrated in thin films deposited on top of silicon. We have brought the first experimental demonstration of SWNTs PL collection (around lambda=1.28 µm) under vertical pumping at short wavelength (lambda=740 nm) from a slotted resonator into millimeter long integrated silicon waveguides, providing a first proof-of-concept step towards nanotube/Si-PhC integration as an active photonic platform. The reported works demonstrate the feasibility of integrating telecommunication wavelength nanotube emitters in silicon photonics as well as emphasize the role of slot photonic crystal cavities for on-chip hybrid integration
23
Wheeler, Natalie. "Molecular and atomic confinement in large core photonic microcells for slow light and laser metrology applications." Thesis, University of Bath, 2010. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.538142.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis describes developments in the fabrication and applications of photonic microcells (PMCs). A PMC is a length of gas-filled hollow core-photonic crystal fibre (HC-PCF) that is hermetically sealed by splicing both ends to standard single mode fibre. A PMC enables integration of gas-filled HC-PCF into all-fibre systems with low insertion loss. PMCs have applications in coherent optics and metrology, where specific HC-PCF designs are advantageous. Two types of state-of-the-art HC-PCF, double bandgap HCPCF and large-pitch Kagome fibre, are fabricated. The double bandgap HC-PCF extends the usable bandwidth of the fibre by providing low loss guidance across two transmission bands. The large-pitch Kagome HC-PCF has a record low attenuation of 0.3 dB/m at 800 nm, while maintaining broadband guidance, which is partially attributed to the core shape. Three distinct developments in the field of PMCs are described. Firstly, a record length 20 metre acetylene-filled PMC is fabricated which is the key component in the first demonstration of an all-fibre slow and fast light system based on electromagnetically induced transparency. Secondly, a technique based on fibre tapering is presented which enables low loss integration of large core Kagome HC-PCFs into PMC form. Thirdly, micromirrors are developed and integrated with HC-PCF to confine light in the longitudinal dimension, providing a means to fabricate multi-pass PMCs. Two uncoated micromirrors are used to form a low finesse microcavity in Kagome HC-PCF, with record high fringe visibility using reflections from a silica/air junction. In collaboration with Kansas State University, an acetylene optical reference with sub-10 KHz accuracy and the first acetylene laser based on population inversion are demonstrated using Kagome HC-PCF.Finally, this thesis reports on rubidium vapour loading in HC-PCF with the ultimate aim being the production of a rubidium-filled PMC for applications in metrology. Preliminary results highlight the limited loading distance of the current technique and modified loading schemes are outlined accordingly.
24
Johnston, Wesley James. "Nonlinear optics in Bragg-spaced quantum wells." Diss., University of Iowa, 2010. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/826.
Full textAbstract:
Bragg spaced quantum wells represent a unique class of resonant photonic materials, wherein a photonic bandgap is created by the periodic spacing of quantum wells and the associated variation in the complex susceptibility (index and absorption) of the material. Interest in BSQWs has grown in the past decade due to their large ultrafast nonlinearities and the corresponding large ultrafast reflectivity changes and transmissivity. These nonlinearities are of particular interest in areas of communication technology, where ultrafast all-optical logic components have become increasingly in demand. This research will further investigate BSQWs and the for the first time effects of spin-dependent nonlinear excitation on their photonic band structures. It will also investigate how these effects can be used in all-optical polarization switching and tunable optical buffer (slow light) applications.
25
Spurny, Marcel. "Photonic crystal waveguides in chalcogenide glasses." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/2111.
Full textAbstract:
The growing speed and bandwidth requirements of telecommunication systems demand all-optical on-chip solutions. Microphotonic devices can deliver low power nonlinear signal processing solutions. This thesis looks at the slow light photonic crystals in chalcogenide glasses to enhance low power nonlinear operation. I demonstrate the development of new fabrication techniques for this delicate class of materials. Both, reactive ion etching and chemically assisted ion beam etching are investigated for high quality photonic crystal fabrication. A new resist-removal technique was developed for the chemical, mechanical and light sensitive thin films. I have developed a membraning method based on vapor phase etching in combination with the development of a save and economical etching tool that can be used for a variety of vapour phase processes. Dispersion engineered slow light photonic crystals in Ge₃₃As₁₂Se₅₅ are designed and fabricated. The demonstration of low losses down to 21±8dB/cm is a prerequisite for the successful demonstration of dispersion engineered slow light waveguides up to a group index of around n[subscript(g)] ≈ 40. The slow light waveguides are used to demonstrate highly efficient third harmonic generation and the first advantages of a pure chalcogenide system over the commonly used silicon. Ge₁₁.₅As₂₄24Se₆₄.₅ is used for the fabrication of photonic crystal cavities. Quality factors of up to 13000 are demonstrated. The low nonlinear losses have enabled the demonstration of second and third harmonic generation in those cavities with powers up to twice as high as possible in silicon. A computationally efficient model for designing coupled resonator bandpass filters is used to design bandpass filters. Single ring resonators are fabricated using a novel method to define the circular shape of the rings to improve the fabrication quality. The spectral responses of the ring resonators are used to determine the coupling coefficient needed for the design and fabrication of the bandpass filters. A flat top bandpass filter is fabricated and characterized as demonstration of this method. A passive all-optical regenerator is proposed, by integrating a slow-light photonic crystal waveguide with a band-pass filter based on coupled ring resonators. A route of designing the regenerator is proposed by first using the dispersion engineering results for nonlinear pulse propagation and then using the filter responses to calculate the nonlinear transfer function.
26
Yuen, Siu Yu. "Routing and time-slot assignment algorithms and connection management in photonic circuit switched networks /." View abstract or full-text, 2005. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?ELEC%202005%20YUEN.
Full text
27
Scullion, Mark Gerard. "Slotted photonic crystal biosensors." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/3405.
Full textAbstract:
Optical biosensors are increasingly being considered for lab-on-a-chip applications due to their benefits such as small size, biocompatibility, passive behaviour and lack of the need for fluorescent labels. The light guiding mechanisms used by many of them result in poor overlap of the optical field with the target molecules, reducing the maximum sensitivity achievable. This thesis presents a new platform for optical biosensors, namely slotted photonic crystals, which engender higher sensitivities due to their ability to confine, spatially and temporally, the peak of optical mode within the analyte itself. Loss measurements showed values comparable to standard photonic crystals, confirming their ability to be used in real devices. A novel resonant coupler was designed, simulated, and experimentally tested, and was found to perform better than other solutions within the literature. Combining with cavities, microfluidics and biological functionalization allowed proof-of-principle demonstrations of protein binding to be carried out. High sensitivities were observed in smaller structures than most competing devices in the literature. Initial tests with cellular material for real applications was also performed, and shown to be of promise. In addition, groundwork to make an integrated device that includes the spectrometer function was also carried out showing that slotted photonic crystals themselves can be used for on-chip wavelength specific filtering and spectroscopy, whilst gas-free microvalves for automation were also developed. This body of work presents slotted photonic crystals as a realistic platform for complete on-chip biosensing; addressing key design, performance and application issues, whilst also opening up exciting new ideas for future study.
28
Hosseini, Seyedreza, and Kambiz Jamshidi. "Modulation efficiency enhancement of an optical phase modulator using one dimensional photonic crystal structures." SPIE, 2015. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A35320.
Full textAbstract:
Slow light effect based rib silicon waveguide structures are studied in this paper to enhance modulation efficiency of an optoelectronic carrier plasma dispersion effect based phase modulator. Center frequency to achieve desired slow down factor and band width limitations of the structures are investigated through finite element method simulations. Optical modulation efficiency is modeled and the effects of doping, bias voltage and slow light on its performance are studied.
29
Berrier, Audrey. "InP-based photonic crystals : Processing, Material properties and Dispersion effects." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Mikroelektronik och tillämpad fysik, MAP, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-4734.
Full textAbstract:
Photonic crystals (PhCs) are periodic dielectric structures that exhibit a photonic bandgap, i.e., a range of wavelength for which light propagation is forbidden. The special band structure related dispersion properties offer a realm of novel functionalities and interesting physical phenomena. PhCs have been manufactured using semiconductors and other material technologies. However, InP-based materials are the main choice for active devices at optical communication wavelengths. This thesis focuses on two-dimensional PhCs in the InP/GaInAsP/InP material system and addresses their fabrication technology and their physical properties covering both material issues and light propagation aspects. Ar/Cl2 chemically assisted ion beam etching was used to etch the photonic crystals. The etching characteristics including feature size dependent etching phenomena were experimentally determined and the underlying etching mechanisms are explained. For the etched PhC holes, aspect ratios around 20 were achieved, with a maximum etch depth of 5 microns for a hole diameter of 300 nm. Optical losses in photonic crystal devices were addressed both in terms of vertical confinement and hole shape and depth. The work also demonstrated that dry etching has a major impact on the properties of the photonic crystal material. The surface Fermi level at the etched hole sidewalls was found to be pinned at 0.12 eV below the conduction band minimum. This is shown to have important consequences on carrier transport. It is also found that, for an InGaAsP quantum well, the surface recombination velocity increases (non-linearly) by more than one order of magnitude as the etch duration is increased, providing evidence for accumulation of sidewall damage. A model based on sputtering theory is developed to qualitatively explain the development of damage. The physics of dispersive phenomena in PhC structures is investigated experimentally and theoretically. Negative refraction was experimentally demonstrated at optical wavelengths, and applied for light focusing. Fourier optics was used to experimentally explore the issue of coupling to Bloch modes inside the PhC slab and to experimentally determine the curvature of the band structure. Finally, dispersive phenomena were used in coupled-cavity waveguides to achieve a slow light regime with a group index of more than 180 and a group velocity dispersion up to 10^7 times that of a conventional fiber.QC 20100712
30
Zanzi, Andrea. "Passive and active silicon photonics devices at TLC telecommunication wavelengths for on-chip optical interconnects." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/149377.
Full textAbstract:
[EN] Optical technologies are the backbone of modern communication systems providing
high-speed access to the Internet, efficient inter and intra-data center interconnects
and are expending towards growing research fields and new markets such as satel-
lite communications, LIDARs (Laser Imaging Detection and Ranging) applications,
Neuromorphic computing, and programable photonic circuits, to name a few. Be-
cause of its maturity and low-cost, silicon photonics is being leveraged to allow these
new technologies to reach their full potential.As a result, there is a strong need for
innovative, high-speed and energy-efficient photonic integrated building blocks on
the silicon platform to increase the readiness of silicon photonic integrated circuits.
The work developed and presented in this thesis is focused on the design and char-
acterization of advanced passive and active devices, for photonic integrated circuits.
The thesis consists of three main chapters as well as a motivation and concluding
sections exposing the rationale and the accomplishments of this work. Chapter one
describes the design and characterization of an electro-optical Mach-Zehnder mod-
ulator embedded in highly efficient vertical pn junction exploiting the free-carrier
dispersion effect in the O-band.. Chapter two is devoted to the design and charac-
terization of a novel geometry of asymmetrical multimode interference device and
its implementation in a Mach-Zehnder modulator. Chapter three is dedicated to
the design and characterization of innovative 1-dimensional photonic crystal designs
for slow- lightmodulation applications. An extensive analysis of the main trade-off
arising from the use of slow light is presented.[ES] Las tecnologías ópticas son el eje vertebrador de los sistemas de comunicación mod- ernos que proporcionan acceso de alta velocidad a la Internet, interconexiones efi- cientes entre centros de datos y dentro de ellos. Además, se están expandiendo hacia campos de investigación crecientes y nuevos mercados como son las aplicaciones de comunicaciones por satélite, los LIDAR (Laser Imaging Detection and Ranging), la computación neuromórfica y los circuitos fotónicos programables, por nombrar algunos. La fotónica de silicio está considerada y aceptada ampliamente como una de las tecnologías clave para que dichas aplicaciones puedan desarrollarse. Como resultado, hay una fuerte necesidad de estructuras fotónicas básicas integradas que sean innovadoras, que soporten altas velocidades de transmisión y que sean más eficientes en términos de consumo de potencia, a fin de aumentar la capacidad de los circuitos integrados fotónicos de silicio. El trabajo desarrollado y presentado en esta tesis se centra en el diseño y la car- acterización de dispositivos avanzados pasivos y activos, para circuitos fotónicos integrados. La tesis consta de tres capítulos principales, así como de sendas sec- ciones de motivación y conclusiones que exponen los fundamentos y los logros de este trabajo. El capítulo uno describe el diseño y la caracterización de un modulador electro-óptico Mach-Zehnder incorporado en una unión pn vertical altamente eficien- ciente que explota el efecto de dispersión de plasma en banda O. El capítulo dos está dedicado al diseño y caracterización de una nueva geometría de dispositivo de interferencia multimodo asimétrico y su aplicación en un modulador Mach-Zehnder. El capítulo tres está dedicado al diseño y caracterización de innovadores cristales fotónicos unidimensionales para aplicaciones de modulación con luz lenta. Se pre- senta un amplio análisis de los principales retos derivados del uso de la misma.
[CA] Les tecnologies òptiques són l'eix vertebrador d'aquells sistemes de comunicació moderns que proporcionen accés d'alta velocitat a la Internet, així com intercon- nexions eficients inter i entre centres de dades. A més a més, s'estan expandint cap a camps d'investigació creixents i nous mercats com són les aplicacions de co- municacions per satèl·lit, els LIDAR (Laser Imaging Detection and Ranging), la computació neuromòrfica i els circuits fotònics programables, entre d'altres. La fotònica de silici és considerada i acceptada àmpliament com una de les tecnologies clau i necessàries perquè aquestes aplicacions puguen desenvolupar-se. Per aquest motiu, es fa necessària l'existència d'estructures fotòniques bàsiques integrades que siguen innovadores, que suporten altes velocitats de transmissió i que siguen més eficients en termes de consum de potència, a fi d'augmentar la capacitat dels cir- cuits integrats fotònics de silici. El treball desenvolupat i presentat en aquesta tesi se centra en el disseny i la caracterització de dispositius avançats passius i actius, per a circuits fotònics integrats. La tesi consta de tres capítols principals, així com d'una secció de motivació i una altra de conclusions que exposen els fonaments i els assoliments d'aquest treball. El capítol u descriu el disseny i la caracterització d'un modulador electro-òptic Mach-Zehnder incorporat en una unió pn vertical d'alta efi- ciència que explota l'efecte de dispersió de plasma en la banda O. El capítol dos està dedicat al disseny i caracterització d'una nova geometria de dispositiu d'interferència multimode asimètric així com a la seua aplicació en un modulador Mach-Zehnder. El capítol tres està dedicat al disseny i caracterització d'innovadors cristalls fotònics unidimensionals per a aplicacions de modulació amb llum lenta. S'inclou també una anàlisi detallada dels principals reptes derivats de l'ús d'aquest tipus de llum.
I want to thank you the Generelitat Valenciana and the European Project L3MATRIX for the funding, without them my doctorate would not taken place.
Zanzi, A. (2020). Passive and active silicon photonics devices at TLC telecommunication wavelengths for on-chip optical interconnects [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/149377
TESIS
31
Rosa, Escutia Álvaro. "High-efficient electrodes for novel optoelectronic devices in silicon photonics." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/110364.
Full textAbstract:
La fotónica de silicio es actualmente la tecnología mejor posicionada para reemplazar las conexiones electrónicas tanto dentro de los mismos chips, como entre ellos mismos, con el fin de mejorar su rendimiento. Las principales ventajas de la tecnología fotónica de silicio residen en su bajo coste y en su compatibilidad con las actuales técnicas de fabricación desarrolladas por la industria microelectrónica. Dicha compatibilidad permitiría fabricar tanto chips ópticos como chips híbridos que incluyan componentes ópticos y electrónicos. Los moduladores y los conmutadores optoelectrónicos resultan dispositivos fundamentales en aplicaciones de telecomunicaciones. Las principales funciones de los conmutadores y moduladores optoelectrónicos son el enrutamiento y la transmisión de datos de alta velocidad.
Esta tesis aborda el diseño y la optimización de la parte eléctrica y óptica (en menor medida) con el fin de optimizar el rendimiento de tales dispositivos desde el punto de vista optoelectrónico. Además, también se tratará la introducción de nuevos materiales compatibles con el silicio y sus procesos de fabricación, como el dióxido de vanadio o el titanato de bario con el fin de demostrar sus propiedades y aplicarlas a los dispositivos optoelectrónicos con el fin de mejorar su rendimiento.Silicon photonics is nowadays the most promising technology to replace electrical inter- and intra-connections of the chips, increasing the performance in this way. The main advantages of silicon photonics technology lie on its low cost and its compatibility with the fabrications processes of microelectronics industry developed during years which allows the mass production of silicon photonics chips as well hybrid electronic and photonic devices in the same chip. Optoelectronics switches and modulators are key building blocks in photonic devices for tele/datacom applications. Such switches and modulators are devices which provides routing functionalities and the transmission of high speed data respectively. The work of this thesis delves with the design and optimization of silicon based switches and modulators spotlighting the electrical elements. Additionally, the work of this theses deals with the introduction of new silicon-compatible materials as vanadium dioxide and barium titanate, with the aim of demonstrating its functionalities and develop high-performance optoelectronic devices.
La fotònica de silici és actualment la tecnologia millor posicionada per a reemplaçar les connexions electròniques tant dins del propis xips, com entre ells mateixos, amb la finalitat de millorar el seu rendiment. Els principals avantatges de la tecnologia fotònica de silici resideixen en el seu baix cost i en la seua compatibilitat amb les actuals tècniques de fabricació desenvolupades per la indústria microelectrònica. Aquesta compatibilitat permetria fabricar tant xips òptics com a xips híbrids que incloguen components òptics i electrònics. Els moduladors i els commutadors optoelectrònics resulten dispositius fonamentals en aplicacions de telecomunicacions. Les principals funcions dels commutadors i moduladors optoelectrònics són l'encaminament i la transmissió de dades d'alta velocitat. Aquesta tesi aborda el disseny i l'optimització de la part elèctrica i òptica (en menor mesura) amb la finalitat d'optimitzar el rendiment de tals dispositius des del punt de vista optoelectrònic. A més, també es tractarà la introducció de nous materials compatibles amb el silici i els seus processos de fabricació, com el diòxid de vanadi o el titanato de bari amb la finalitat de demostrar les seues propietats i aplicar-les als dispositius optoelectrònics amb la finalitat de millorar el seu rendiment.
Rosa Escutia, Á. (2018). High-efficient electrodes for novel optoelectronic devices in silicon photonics [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/110364
TESIS
32
Torrijos, Morán Luis. "Photonic Applications Based on Bimodal Interferometry in Periodic Integrated Waveguides." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/172163.
Full textAbstract:
Tesis por compendio[ES] La fotónica de silicio es una tecnología emergente clave en redes de comunicación e interconexiones de centros de datos de nueva generación, entre otros. Su éxito se basa en la utilización de plataformas compatibles con la tecnología CMOS para la integración de circuitos ópticos en dispositivos pequeños para una producción a gran escala a bajo coste. Dentro de este campo, los interferómetros integrados juegan un papel crucial en el desarrollo de diversas aplicaciones fotónicas en un chip como sensores biológicos, moduladores electro-ópticos, conmutadores totalmente ópticos, circuitos programables o sistemas LiDAR, entre otros. Sin embargo, es bien sabido que la interferometría óptica suele requerir caminos de interacción muy largos, lo que dificulta su integración en espacios muy compactos. Para mitigar algunas de estas limitaciones de tamaño, surgieron varios enfoques, incluyendo materiales sofisticados o estructuras más complejas, que, en principio, redujeron el área de diseño pero a expensas de aumentar los pasos del proceso de fabricación y el coste. Esta tesis tiene como objetivo proporcionar soluciones generales al problema de tamaño típico de los interferómetros ópticos integrados, con el fin de permitir la integración densa de dispositivos basados en silicio. Para ello, aunamos los beneficios tanto de las guías de onda bimodales como de las estructuras periódicas, en términos de la mejora del rendimiento y la posibilidad para diseñar interferómetros monocanal en áreas muy reducidas. Más específicamente, investigamos los efectos dispersivos que aparecen en estructuras menores a la longitud de onda y en las de cristal fotónico, para su implementación en diferentes configuraciones interferométricas bimodales. Además, demostramos varias aplicaciones potenciales como sensores, moduladores y conmutadores en tamaños ultra compactos de unas pocas micras cuadradas. En general, esta tesis propone un nuevo concepto de interferómetro integrado que aborda los requisitos de tamaño de la fotónica actual y abre nuevas vías para futuros dispositivos basados en funcionamiento bimodal.
[CA] La fotònica de silici és una tecnologia emergent clau en xarxes de comunicació i interconnexions de centres de dades de nova generació, entre altres. El seu èxit es basa en la utilització de plataformes compatibles amb la tecnologia CMOS per a la integració de circuits òptics en dispositius diminuts per a una producció a gran escala a baix cost. Dins d'aquest camp, els interferòmetres integrats juguen un paper crucial en el desenvolupament de diverses aplicacions fotòniques en un xip com a sensors biològics, moduladors electro-òptics, commutadors totalment òptics, circuits programables o sistemes LiDAR, entre altres. No obstant això, és ben sabut que la interferometría òptica sol requerir camins d'interacció molt llargs, la qual cosa dificulta la seua integració en espais molt compactes. Per a mitigar algunes d'aquestes limitacions de grandària, van sorgir diversos enfocaments, incloent materials sofisticats o estructures més complexes, que, en principi, van reduir l'àrea de disseny però a costa d'augmentar els processos de fabricació i el cost. Aquesta tesi té com a objectiu proporcionar solucions generals al problema de grandària típica dels interferòmetres òptics integrats, amb la finalitat de permetre la integració densa de dispositius basats en silici. Per a això, combinem els beneficis tant de les guies d'ones bimodals com de les estructures periòdiques, en termes de funcionament d'alt rendiment per a dissenyar interferòmetres monocanal compactes en àrees molt reduïdes. Més específicament, investiguem els efectes dispersius que apareixen en estructures menors a la longitud d'ona i en les de cristall fotònic, per a la seua implementació en diferents configuracions interferomètriques bimodals. A més, vam demostrar diverses aplicacions potencials com a sensors, moduladors i commutadors en grandàries ultres compactes d'unes poques micres cuadrades. En general, aquesta tesi proposa un nou concepte d'interferòmetre integrat que aborda els requisits de grandària de la fotònica actual i obri noves vies per a futurs dispositius basats en funcionament bimodal.
[EN] Silicon photonics is a key emerging technology in next-generation communication networks and data centers interconnects, among others. Its success relies on the ability of using CMOS-compatible platforms for the integration of optical circuits into small devices for a large-scale production at low-cost. Within this field, integrated interferometers play a crucial role in the development of several on-chip photonic applications such as biological sensors, electro-optic modulators, all-optical switches, programmable circuits or LiDAR systems, among others. However, it is well known that optical interferometry usually requires very long interaction paths, which hinders its integration in highly compact footprints. To mitigate some of these size limitations, several approaches emerged including sophisticated materials or more complex structures, which, in principle, reduced the design area but at the expense of increasing fabrication process steps and cost. This thesis aims at providing general solutions to the long-standing size problem typical of optical integrated interferometers, in order to enable the densely integration of silicon-based devices. To this end, we combine the benefits from both bimodal waveguides and periodic structures, in terms of high-performance operation and compactness to design single-channel interferometers in very reduced areas. More specifically, we investigate the dispersive effects that arise from subwavelength grating and photonic crystal structures for their implementation in different bimodal interferometric configurations. Furthermore, we demonstrate various potential applications such as sensors, modulators and switches in ultra-compact footprints of a few square microns. In general, this thesis proposes a new concept of integrated interferometer that addresses the size requirements of current photonics and open up new avenues for future bimodal-operation-based devices.
Financial support is also gratefully acknowledged through postdoctoral FPI grants from Universitat Politècnica de València (PAID-01-18). European Commission through the Horizon 2020 Programme (PHC-634013 PHOCNOSIS project). The authors acknowledge funding from the Generalitat Valenciana through the AVANTI/2019/123, ACIF/2019/009 and PPC/2020/037 grants and from the European Union through the operational program of the European Regional Development Fund (FEDER) of the Valencia Regional Government 2014–2020.
Torrijos Morán, L. (2021). Photonic Applications Based on Bimodal Interferometry in Periodic Integrated Waveguides [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/172163
TESIS
Compendio
33
Lenglé, Kévin. "Traitement tout optique du signal à base de composants à cristaux photoniques en matériaux semiconducteurs III-V." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013REN1S104/document.
Full textAbstract:
Ces travaux de thèse sont consacrés à l'étude expérimentale de fonctions de traitement optique de signaux, multiplexés en longueur (WDM) ou en temps (OTDM), à base de composants à cristaux photoniques (CPh) en matériaux semi-conducteurs III-V réalisés dans le cadre du projet européen Copernicus. Les propriétés dispersives singulières qu'il est possible d'obtenir dans ces structures ont été étudiées au travers d'effets non linéaires améliorés dans le régime de lumière lente. Ainsi, une étude sur le mélange à quatre ondes a été réalisée avec des applications de conversion de longueur d'onde à haut débit et de démultiplexage temporel. Par ailleurs, de la génération de seconde harmonique a été démontrée avec une efficacité record pour ce type de structure, et appliquée au monitoring de signaux télécoms à 42,5 Gbit/s. Des nanocavités CPh ont été utilisées en tant que filtres extracteurs de longueurs d'onde pour démontrer le démultiplexage d'un signal WDM à 100 Gbit/s. Par la suite, nous avons travaillé sur une plate-forme photonique hybride. L'intégration hétérogène de nanocavités CPh en semi-conducteurs III-V sur des guides silicium nous a permis de réaliser de la commutation optique très rapide appliquée à des fonctions de conversion de longueur d'onde jusqu'à 20 Gbit/s et de limiteur de puissance à 10 Gbit/s. Tous ces résultats sont très prometteurs pour l'intégration photonique avec la micro-électronique et la technologie CMOS. Par le biais de ces travaux, nous montrons que les cristaux photoniques, de par leurs propriétés de confinement et de ralentissement de la lumière, sont des structures particulièrement intéressantes pour la réalisation de fonctions de traitement du signal sur porteuse optiqueThis thesis is devoted to the experimental study of optical processing functions, of wavelength multiplexed (WDM) or time multiplexed (OTDM) signals, based on III-V semiconductors photonic crystals (PhC) devices produced in the European project Copernicus. The unique dispersive properties that is possible to obtain in such a structure were studied through nonlinear effects enhanced in slow light regime. Thus, a study of four-wave mixing was performed with high bit rate wavelength conversion and time demultiplexing applications. Moreover, second harmonic generation has been demonstrated with record efficiency for such a structure, and applied to 42.5 Gbit/s telecom signals monitoring. PhC nanocavities were used as wavelength drop filter to demonstrate 100 Gbit/s WDM signal demultiplexing. Thereafter, we worked on hybrid photonic platform. The heterogeneous integration of III-V PhC nanocavity on silicon waveguide allowed us to perform very fast optical switching, applied to wavelength conversion up to 20 Gbit/s and power limiting function at 10 Gbit/s. All of these results are very promising for future photonic integration with micro-electronics and CMOS technology. Through this work, we show that PhC, owing to their confinement and slow light properties, are structures particularly interesting to perform optical processing functions
34
Caër, Charles. "Cristaux photoniques à fente : vers une photonique silicium hybride à exaltation localisée du champ électromagnétique." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00954411.
Full textAbstract:
Les travaux de cette thèse apportent une contribution théorique et expérimentale aux études portant sur les cristaux photoniques planaires à fente pour l'exaltation locale du champ électromagnétique. Nous avons étudié la propagation de lumière lente dans des cristaux photoniques à fente en réalisant une ingénierie de dispersion et le confinement de la lumière dans des micro-cavités à fente structurée. Nous avons pour cela effectué des calculs 3D pour optimiser les propriétés de dispersion des cristaux photoniques en structurant la fente elle-même. Cette optimisation a permis d'observer un renforcement de la localisation du champ électromagnétique dans la fente en vue d'un remplissage par des matériaux fortement non linéaires. Nous avons développé un procédé de fabrication pour les cristaux photoniques dans des structures en silicium sur isolant basé sur la lithographie électronique et la gravure plasma. Le régime de lumière lente a été caractérisé expérimentalement et nous a permis de valider la méthode d'optimisation choisie. Des facteurs de ralentissement supérieurs à 10 ont été mesurés dans des dispositifs allant jusqu'à 1 mm de long. Des micro-cavités à fente avec des facteurs de qualité supérieurs à 20000 sur substrat SOI ont été réalisées. Nous avons effectué des mesures d'optique non linéaire dans des guides à cristaux photoniques à fente et avons montré que les effets non linéaires du silicium sont réduits malgré l'exaltation du champ électromagnétique comparés à ceux présents dans des guides à cristaux photoniques standards. Nous avons enfin étudié les pertes le désordre dans ce type de structure par mesures de réflectométrie optique à faible cohérence.
35
Andrade, Humberto Dion?sio de. "Desenvolvimento de um ressoador retangular de fenda com m?ltiplas camadas de substrato e com utiliza??o de material PBG para sistema de comunica??o sem fio." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2013. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/15223.
Full textAbstract:
Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:55:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
HumbertoDA_TESE.pdf: 4762435 bytes, checksum: 20aae983d6895db90a85b0e2b107200f (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2013-09-02Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior
In the globalized world modern telecommunications have assumed key role within the company, causing a large increase in demand for the wireless technology of communication, which has been happening in recent years have greatly increased the number of applications using this technology. Due to this demand, new materials are developed to enable new control mechanisms and propagation of electromagnetic waves. The research to develop new technologies for wireless communication presents a multidisciplinary study that covers from the new geometries for passive antennas, active up to the development of materials for devices that improve the performance at the frequency range of operation. Recently, planar antennas have attracted interest due to their characteristics and advantages when compared with other types of antennas. In the area of mobile communications the need for antennas of this type has become increasingly used, due to intensive development, which needs to operate in multifrequency antennas and broadband. The microstrip antennas have narrow bandwidth due to the dielectric losses generated by irradiation. Another limitation is the degradation of the radiation pattern due to the generation of surface waves in the substrate. Some techniques have been developed to minimize this limitation of bandwidth, such as the study of type materials PBG - Photonic Band Gap, to form the dielectric material. This work has as main objective the development project of a slot resonator with multiple layers and use the type PBG substrate, which carried out the optimization from the numerical analysis and then designed the device initially proposed for the band electromagnetic spectrum between 3-9 GHz, which basically includes the band S to X. Was used as the dielectric material RT/Duroid 5870 and RT/Duroid 6010.LM where both are laminated ceramic-filled PTFE dielectric constants 2.33 and 10.2, respectively. Through an experimental investigation was conducted an analysis of the simulated versus measured by observing the behavior of the radiation characteristics from the height variation of the dielectric multilayer substrates. We also used the LTT method resonators structures rectangular slot with multiple layers of material photonic PBG in order to obtain the resonance frequency and the entire theory involving the electromagnetic parameters of the structure under consideration. xviii The analysis developed in this work was performed using the method LTT - Transverse Transmission Line, in the field of Fourier transform that uses a component propagating in the y direction (transverse to the real direction of propagation z), thus treating the general equations of the fields electric and magnetic and function. The PBG theory is applied to obtain the relative permittivity of the polarizations for the sep photonic composite substrates material. The results are obtained with the commercial software Ansoft HFSS, used for accurate analysis of the electromagnetic behavior of the planar device under study through the Finite Element Method (FEM). Numerical computational results are presented in graphical form in two and three dimensions, playing in the parameters of return loss, frequency of radiation and radiation diagram, radiation efficiency and surface current for the device under study, and have as substrates, photonic materials and had been simulated in an appropriate computational tool. With respect to the planar device design study are presented in the simulated and measured results that show good agreement with measurements made. These results are mainly in the identification of resonance modes and determining the characteristics of the designed device, such as resonant frequency, return loss and radiation pattern
No mundo globalizado moderno, as telecomunica??es assumiram um papel fundamental dentro das sociedades, provocando um grande aumento da demanda por tecnologia de comunica??o sem fio, isto vem acontecendo nos ?ltimos anos e tem aumentado bastante o n?mero de aplica??es que utilizam esta tecnologia. Em decorr?ncia dessa demanda, novos materiais s?o desenvolvidos no sentido de possibilitar novos mecanismos de controle e propaga??o de ondas eletromagn?ticas. A pesquisa para o desenvolvimento de novas tecnologias para comunica??o sem fios apresenta um car?ter multidisciplinar que abrange desde o estudo de novas geometrias para antenas passivas e ativas at? o de desenvolvimento de materiais para dispositivos que melhorem o desempenho naquela faixa de frequ?ncia de opera??o. Recentemente as antenas planares tem despertado interesses devido as suas caracter?sticas e vantagens que oferecem quando comparadas com os demais tipos de antenas. Na ?rea de comunica??es m?veis a necessidade de antenas desse tipo tem se tornado cada vez maior, devido ao seu intenso desenvolvimento, que necessita de antenas que operem em multifrequ?ncia e em banda larga. As antenas de microfita apresentam largura de banda estreita devido ?s perdas no diel?trico geradas pela irradia??o. Outra limita??o ? a degrada??o do diagrama de irradia??o devido ? gera??o de ondas de superf?cie no substrato. Algumas t?cnicas est?o sendo desenvolvidas para minimizar esta limita??o de banda, como ? o caso do estudo de materiais do tipo PBG Photonic Band Gap, para compor o material diel?trico. Este trabalho tem como objetivo principal o desenvolvimento do projeto de um ressoador de fenda com m?ltiplas camadas e com a utiliza??o de substrato do tipo PBG, onde foi realizada a otimiza??o a partir da analise num?rica e em seguida, projetado o dispositivo proposto inicialmente para a faixa do espectro eletromagn?tico compreendida entre 3-9 GHz, que inclui basicamente a banda S at? X. Foi utilizado como material diel?trico o RT/Duroid 5870 e RT/Duroid 6010.2LM onde ambos s?o laminados cer?micos PTFE com constantes diel?tricas de 2.33 e 10.2, respectivamente. Atrav?s de uma investiga??o experimental foi realizada uma an?lise dos resultados simulados versus medidos observando o comportamento das xvi caracter?sticas de radia??o a partir da varia??o da altura das multicamadas de subtrato diel?trico. Foi utilizado tamb?m o m?todo LTT ?s estruturas ressoadoras retangulares de fenda com m?ltiplas camadas, para a obten??o da freq??ncia de resson?ncia bem como toda a teoria que envolva os par?metros eletromagn?ticos da estrutura em estudo. As an?lises desenvolvidas neste trabalho foram realizadas com utiliza??o do m?todo LTT Linha de Transmiss?o Transversa, no dom?nio da Transformada de Fourier que utiliza uma componente de propaga??o na dire??o y (transversa ? dire??o real de propaga??o z), tratando assim as equa??es gerais dos campos el?tricos e magn?ticos em fun??o de yE e yH . A teoria PBG ser? aplicada para a obten??o da permissividade relativa para as polariza??es s e p dos substratos compostos de material fot?nico. Os resultados s?o obtidos com o software comercial Ansoft HFSS, usado para a an?lise precisa do comportamento eletromagn?tico do dispositivo planar em estudo, por meio do M?todo dos Elementos Finitos (FEM). Resultados num?rico-computacionais s?o apresentados em forma de gr?fico em duas e tr?s dimens?es, para aos par?metros de perda de retorno, frequ?ncia de radia??o, e diagrama de radia??o, efici?ncia de radia??o e densidade superficial de corrente para o dispositivo em estudo, e que tem como substratos, materiais fot?nicos e que fora simulado em uma ferramenta computacional apropriada. . No que diz respeito ao projeto do dispositivo planar em estudo s?o apresentados os resultados medidos e os simulados que apresentam boa concord?ncia com as medi??es efetuadas. Estes resultados consistem principalmente na identifica??o dos modos de resson?ncia e na determina??o das caracter?sticas do dispositivo projetado, como freq??ncia de resson?ncia, perda de retorno e diagrama de radia??o
36
Sciancalepore, Corrado. "Intégration hétérogène III-V sur silicium de microlasers à émission par la surface à base de cristaux photoniques." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00915280.
Full textAbstract:
La croissance continue et rapide du trafic de données dans les infrastructures de télécommunications, impose des niveaux de débit de transmission ainsi que de puissance de traitement de l'information, que les capacités intrinsèques des systèmes et microcircuits électroniques ne seront plus en mesure d'assurer à brève échéance : le développement de nouveaux scenarii technologiques s'avère indispensable pour répondre à la demande de bande passante imposée notamment par la révolution de l'internet, tout en préservant une consommation énergétique raisonnable. Dans ce contexte, l'intégration hétérogène fonctionnelle sur silicium de dispositifs photoniques à émission par la surface de type VCSEL utilisant des miroirs large-bandes ultra-compacts à cristaux photoniques constitue une stratégie prometteuse pour surmonter l'impasse technologique actuelle, tout en ouvrant la voie à un développement rapide d'architectures et de systèmes de communications innovants dans le cadre du mariage entre photonique et micro-nano-électronique.
37
Lim, Siew Yee. "Advanced Photonic Crystals for Efficient Light-Trapping in Photocatalytic Applications." Thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/128815.
Full textAbstract:
Despite advances in solar technologies, there is still a growing and urgent demand for light-harnessing materials that enable efficient utilisation of solar energy for solar-to-fuel conversion and environmental remediation applications. Existing photocatalytic technologies present inherent limitations to achieve these goals due to wide energy bandgap and poor electrochemical properties of conventional materials. A combination of fundamental and applied materials science, nanotechnology, chemistry, photonics and applied physics offers a way forward for developing new light-confining photocatalyst platforms with improved capabilities, versatilities, cost-effectiveness and sustainability to address global energy and environmental issues. This thesis presents the development of rationally engineered composite photocatalyst platforms based on nanoporous anodic alumina photonic crystals (NAA-PCs) and photoactive materials. The fabrication of these photocatalytic systems with enhanced performances is achieved through structural engineering and chemical modification of NAA-PCs. Various forms of NAA-PCs were produced by pulse-like anodisation strategies with a view to optimising optical properties to harness light–matter interactions at the nanoscale efficiently, within high-irradiance spectral regions. The essential photocatalytic properties of these PC structures, well-defined energy bandgap capable of photogeneration of charge carriers, were provided by chemical functionalisation, using photoactive layers of titanium dioxide (TiO₂) deposited onto the inner surface of NAA-PCs through sol-gel method. Photocatalytic performances of photo-active NAA-PCs as well as photocatalytic enhancements associated with distinct forms of light–matter interactions were demonstrated through photodegradation of model organics such as methylene blue, methyl orange, rhodamine B and 4-chlorophenol, under simulated solar light irradiation conditions. Photocatalytic enhancements associated with slow photons, light confinement, and plasmonic effects in noble metal nanostructures with and without NAA-PCs were also analysed. This thesis demonstrated that: (i) high-quality nanoporous anodic alumina gradient-index filters (NAA-GIFs) and hybrid NAA-PCs can be developed with tunable optical properties across the UV-visible-NIR spectrum, (ii) various forms of photo-active NAA-PCs with and without noble metal nanostructures are found to have superior performances to benchmark photocatalyst materials in many cases due to “slow photon” effect and light confinement, and (iii) 2D gold nanodot plasmonic single-lattices show outstanding performances due to efficient utilisation of solar energy at high-irradiance spectral regions and harnessing plasmonic light-matter interactions. The studies completed in this thesis advance both fundamental understanding and applied knowledge on the photocatalytic performance of chemically-modified NAA-PCs with optimised structural, optical, chemical and photocatalytic properties. These advanced materials could potentially be integrated into fully functional and marketable real-life photocatalytic devices for addressing global energy challenges and environmental pollution remediation.Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, 2020
38
Chen, Jennifer I.-Ling. "Amplified Photochemistry with Slow Photons." Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1807/17741.
Full textAbstract:
Slow photon, or light with reduced group velocity, is a unique phenomenon found in photonic crystals that theoreticians have long suggested to be invaluable for increasing the efficiency of light-driven processes. This thesis demonstrates experimentally the feasibility of using slow photons to optically amplify photochemistry of both organic and inorganic systems. The effect of photonic properties on organic photochemistry was investigated by tracing out the wavelength-dependent rate of photoisomerization of azobenzene anchored on silica opals. The application of slow photons to inorganic photochemical processes was realized by molding nanocrystalline titania into an inverse opal structure and investigating its photodegradation efficiency in relation to the photonic properties. Changes in the photodegradation efficiency were directly linked to modifications of the electronic band gap absorption as a result of the photonic properties. The highest enhancement of twofold was achieved when the energy of the slow photons overlaps with the electronic band gap absorption, such that the loss of light due to photonic stop-band reflection was significantly reduced. In addition, the strength of slow-photon amplification with respect to the macroscopic structural order was studied by introducing controlled disorder via the incorporation of guest spheres into the opal templates. For the first time, a correlation between structural order, photonic properties and a photochemical process was established. The ability to combine slow-photon optical amplification with chemical enhancement was further achieved by incorporating platinum nanoparticles in inverse titania opals where the platinum nanoparticles increased the lifetimes of the higher population of electron-hole pairs arising from slow photon. Overall, various important factors governing the slow photon enhancement were investigated in detail, including the energy of the photonic stop band, angle dependence, thickness of the film, degree of structural order, filling fraction of the dielectric material and diffusion of a second medium if present. Theoretical calculations based on scalar-wave approximation in support of the experimental findings were provided wherever possible. The findings provide a blueprint for achieving optical amplification using slow photons in the broad range of photochemical or photophysical processes.
39
Ha, Sangwoo. "Slow light in coupled periodic photonic structures." Phd thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/150691.
Full textAbstract:
Slow light has established itself over the past decade as one of the most active research fields in multiple disciplines. Intrigued by its fundamental science and practical application of delay for all-optical signal processing and many others, various approaches for reducing the group velocity - including periodic photonic structures - have developed the key principles of achieving individual slow-light states. To contribute to the cause, we propose new approaches for light manipulation based on the interaction between multiple slow-light states in coupled periodic waveguides. We first study Bragg grating couplers and reveal that if the gratings are shifted longitudinally - ideally by half a period - two different slow modes exist near the photonic band-edge. In the linear regime, the interaction manifests in the form of slow-light tunnelling between the waveguides, and we experimentally measure the transmission from directly laser-written structures to demonstrate the precise control of the shift needed for observing such phenomenon. In the nonlinear regime, we can control the optical power to compensate for dispersion-induced broadening of pulses through the formation of gap solitons, switch the output between the waveguides, and tune the delay simultaneously. We find that the conditions for slow-light tunelling are in fact generic and can be satisfied similarly in other anti-symmetrically coupled periodic structures. Such a slow-light regime, as our studies reveal, is unique in that it features non-vanishing vortex energy flows inside the structure even at zero group velocity. In antisymmetric photonic crystal couplers, the frequency-independent, short coupling length allows dispersionless tunnelling of slow-light pulses. Experimental study of slow light in periodic waveguides requires accurate data analysis, and the spatial Fourier analysis is conventionally used for extracting the dispersion relations from measurements with near-field scanning optical microscopy. However, its resolution in k-space is inversely proportional to the length of the structure. By using the properties of Bloch-wave symmetry, we develop a general approach that has no inherent resolution limit. Furthermore, it can extract both the real and the imaginary parts of the wavenumber and the spatial profiles of the individual modes, none of which is possible with the spatial Fourier analysis. We demonstrate these abilities by analysing numerical and experimental data for short slow-light waveguides that support multiple propagating and evanescent modes. Finally, we present the first experimental proof of principle for slow-light tunnelling, in antisymmetrically coupled array of pillars scaled to operate at the microwave frequencies. We apply our Bloch-mode extraction method to retrieve the dispersion relations and the two-dimensional profiles of the individual modes. Such structures also act as side-coupled cavities and we show that breaking the structure symmetry through the longitudinal shift adds another degree of flexibility in controlling the frequency detuning between cavity modes. Shifted cavities allow nontrivial coupling between two pairs of counter-propagating waves due to split band-edges, and we experimentally confirm that this leads to the reduction of the detuning, even down to zero. Our results suggest new possibilities for light manipulation based on the interaction between multiple slow-light states, including resonators, nonlinear wave mixing and switching in tunable structures.
40
Lin, Che-Yun. "Silicon integrated nanophotonic devices for on-chip optical interconnects." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/ETD-UT-2012-05-5720.
Full textAbstract:
Silicon is the dominant material in Microelectronics. Building photonic devices out of silicon can leverage the mature processing technologies developed in silicon CMOS. Silicon is also a very good waveguide material. It is highly transparent at 1550nm, and it has very high refractive index of 3.46. High refractive index enables building high index contrast waveguides with dimensions close to the diffraction limit. This provides the opportunity to build highly integrated photonic integrated circuit that can perform multiple functions on the same silicon chip, an optical parallel of the electronic integrated circuit. However, silicon does not have some of the necessary properties to build active optical devices such as lasers and modulators. For Example, silicon is an indirect band gap material that can’t be used to make lasers. The centro-symmetric crystal structure in silicon presents no electro-optic effect. By contrast, electro-optic polymer can be engineered to show very strong electro-optic effect up to 300pm/V. In this research we have demonstrated highly compact and efficient devices that utilize the strong optical confinement ability in silicon and strong electro-optic effect in polymer. We have performed detailed investigations on the optical coupling to a slow light waveguide and developed solutions to improve the coupling efficiency to a slow light photonic crystal waveguides (PCW). These studies have lead to the demonstration of the most hybrid silicon modulator demonstrate to date and a compact chip scale true time delay module that can be implemented in future phased array antenna systems. In the future, people may be able to realize a photonic integrated circuit for optical communication or sensor systems using the devices we developed in our research.text
41
Patterson, Mark. "Classical and Quantum Optical Properties of Slow Light Photonic Crystal Waveguides." Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1974/5122.
Full textAbstract:
Photonic crystals are optical materials where patterning of dielectrics on sub-wavelength length scales creates unusual optical properties such as waveguides with propagation speeds much slower than the vacuum speed of light. In this thesis, I examine the classical and quantum optical properties of such structures, specifically the enhancement of photon emission rate from a single quantum dot embedded in the waveguide (the Purcell Effect) and extrinsic scattering from an injected waveguide mode due to fabrication imperfections. The photon emission rate is found to be significantly enhanced over a large bandwidth in slow light photonic crystal waveguides and I provide detailed results for optimizing the emission properties of a novel photonic crystal ridge waveguide to suite a given application. Using an incoherent scattering theory, I show how slow light propagation enhances extrinsic scattering from unavoidable manufacturing imperfections leading to back scattering and radiation loss that scale with the group velocity v_g, as v_g^{-2} and v_g^{-1} respectively. I then improve the modeling of scattering using a coherent, multiple scattering approach to explain the experimental observation of disordered resonances in slow light waveguide modes. The theoretical predictions show good agreement with experimental measurements. This document provides a thorough introduction to the properties and problems of slow light photonic crystal waveguides.Thesis (Master, Physics, Engineering Physics and Astronomy) -- Queen's University, 2009-09-03 12:29:01.696
42
Petrov, Alexander [Verfasser]. "Slow light photonic crystal line-defect waveguides / von Alexander Petrov." 2008. http://d-nb.info/99053457X/34.
Full text
43
Kai-Chun, Yang, and 楊凱竣. "Investigation of Slow Light Based On Photonic Crystal Waveguide Lasers." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/47729484879823215635.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立交通大學
電子工程系所
95
We have successfully integrated photonic crystal line defect waveguide and edge-emitting Laser on GaAs wafer with E-beam lithography system and Inductive Coupled Plasma Etching system. We can extremely slow down the group velocity of propagation light by the slow light effect of photonic crystal line defect waveguide. The integration of photonic crystal line defect waveguide and edge-emitting Laser would play a very important role in the development and research of integrated optical circuits.
44
Chen, Yong-Fan, and 陳泳帆. "Storage and Manipulation of Photonic Information with Slow Light Effect." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/73107767155082764680.
Full text
45
Huang, Shih-Chieh, and 黃世傑. "Study on Slow Light in Photonic Crystal Waveguides and Integrated Photonic Crystal Nanocavity Coupled Surface Emitting Lasers." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/61191992536924010705.
Full textAbstract:
博士國立交通大學
電子工程系所
95
In this dissertation, two optoelectronic devices based on photonic crystals are presented. These two devices with their unique properties derived from the special band structure of the photonic crystals will be useful for future photonic integrated circuits with multiple functions. The first device is an optical delay line that slows down the speed of the propagation light. A special waveguide based on line-defects in photonic crystal was designed to support waveguide mode with a significantly reduced group velocity. The second device is an integrated surface emitting laser. A regular in-plane laser was integrated with an photonic crystal nanocavity to couple the laser emission into a single mode surface emitting light. Both devices will be the key components for multi-function photonic integrated circuits. In the part of slow light, single line defect (W1 type) photonic crystal waveguides are first studied in order to understand the behaviors of propagation light over them. Very low propagation loss (~2dB/mm) of the fabricated waveguides is obtained. The rapidly diminishing Fabry–Perot oscillation periods at the cutoff region of the measured transmission spectrum determine extremely large group indices of 200~300. The group delay time measurements by detecting phase shift of 3G Hz modulated signals through the waveguides also show a very large time-delay (>200psec) near the cutoff. In comparison with theoretical group velocities derived from the band structure, these experimental results are ascribed to the effect of the defect modes at the band edge of the first Brillouin zone. Based on successful results of single line defect waveguides, we further investigate a photonic crystal coupled waveguide, where the unique guided mode band structure has a flat band region within the photonic band gap allowing for slow light observation. The spectral dependence of group velocity, which is measured by Mach-Zehnder interference method, indicates the existence of slow light modes around the inflection point of the unique flat band, rather than at the band edge. Time-domain observation of optical pulses propagating along two-dimension slab photonic crystal coupled waveguides is also demonstrated by using a high speed oscilloscope. By adjusting the wavelength of the input pulses toward the flat band of the coupled defect modes, an increasing duration time between reference and output pulses are clearly observed. An extremely small group velocity of 0.017c is thus obtained. Calculated group velocities show good agreement with our measured results. In the part of photonic crystal nanocavity lasers, we demonstrate an integrated nanocavity laser structure, where the laser light is directly coupled to photonic crystal nanocavities (H1 and H2) and emits out from the surface with selected wavelengths of the resonant modes of the nanocavities. Single mode emission with high Q factors [Q(H1)=1890 and Q(H2)=3800] is obtained with electrical pumping. Excellent temperature stability (0.097nm/0C) of laser emission from the nanocavity is observed as well. The wavelength shift versus temperature is about five times better than that of regular quantum well lasers. Dual wavelength emission from two side-by-side photonic crystal nanocavities is also demonstrated.
46
Yeh, Wen-Lan, and 葉文嵐. "Plane-Wave Expansion Method for Calculating Slow light Effefct of Photonic Crystals Waveguide." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/07123098237359227077.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺灣大學
光電工程學研究所
94
In the thesis, a plane-wave expansion method for alculating the band structure of the photonic crystal is presented. As we known, photonic crystal structures provide a promising tool to control of the flow electromagnetic(EM) waves in the integrated optical devices. Therefore, there is a growing interest in developing photonic crystal-based waveguide components which can guide EM waves either along a line defect (a row of missing rods) or through coupled cavities. In the latter case, which we called coupled-cavity waveguides (CCW), the EM waves were tightly confined at each defect site, and photons can propagate by hopping, due to interactions between the neighboring evanescent cavity modes. It is observed that photon lifetime increases drastically and group velocity of photons tends towards zero at the waveguiding band edges of the periodic coupled cavities. In the photonic crystal CCW, low group velocity of light can result from localized modes in the defect. An analogy between Schrodinger''s equation and Maxwell''s equations allows us to use tight-binding (TB) approximation which was originally developed for electronic systems.
47
Lai, Yong-En, and 賴詠恩. "Study of Slow-Light Devices in Two-Dimensional Photonic Crystal Line Defect Waveguides." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/52627434302284401888.
Full textAbstract:
碩士龍華科技大學
電機工程系碩士班
100
This work is focused on the study of slow light effect of line defect waveguide in two-dimensional photonic crystal. Six configurations of slow-light waveguides are considered, including (1) waveguide adjacent to two rows of elliptical air holes, (2) waveguide adjacent to four rows of elliptical air holes, (3) waveguide adjacent to two rows of elliptical air rings, (4) waveguide adjacent to four rows of elliptical air rings, (5) moving the two adjacent rows of elliptical air rings, and (6) moving the four adjacent rows of elliptical air rings. The plane wave expansion method is employed to calculate photonic band structure and dispersion curves of line defect waveguides. Group index spectra of these slow-light waveguides can therefore be obtained. Group index and flat-band bandwidth can be greatly improved by adjusting air hole structures adjacent to line defect waveguides. Group index can be made larger than 54 by adjusting the aspect ratio of elliptical air holes or by moving the elliptical air rings. Compared to an original line defect waveguide (with a group index of 3.5), these slow-light waveguides show greatly improved performance.
48
Yang, Kung-Chou, and 楊恭州. "Modeling of Rapid Melt Growth and its application for Photonic Crystal Slow Light Waveguide Photodetector." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/94705420425329341928.
Full text
49
Chen, Chun-Yu, and 陳俊宇. "The Study on Photonic Slot Scheduling in All-optical WDM Ring Network." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/58710524895272359769.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立交通大學
電信工程系所
95
In this research, we study the uni-direction single ring backbone network. The nodes on the backbone ring connect to the wireless base-stations to access the wireless network. And we use the ROF (radio over fiber) technology in the bas-stations. In this way, the system can integrate the wireless network into the backbone optical network. The goal of our research is to implement “all optical” network by using the low cost “wavelength insensitive” devices. In order to achieve this purpose, we adopt the PSR (photonic slot routing) concept and improve it. We overcome the drawback of PSR and make our system can achieve dynamic bandwidth allocation which is named Dynamic Slot Scheduling (DSS). Make our system can support “real time” network applications. Through our research, we hope the optical network will become more popular and let people can use optical network instead of suffering the high price ever. Thus the system can offer the wide bandwidth and high speed. In addition, the most important goal of our research is to make the performance of DPSA system can approach the system which use high cost “wavelength sensitive” devices, and let our system can offer basic QoS (Quality of Service).
50
Lai, Weicheng. "On-chip photonic crystal waveguide for chemical and biological sensing." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/27635.
Full textAbstract:
Photonic crystal waveguide (PCW) based device has been used in many applications in recent years due to its unique slow light effect. In this work, the application of PCW on sensing is presented. First, we present a PCW structure based Infrared (IR) spectroscopy combining with slot structure which has a large electric field enhancement for light-matter interaction for chemical sensing. The slow light effect and the electric field enhancement of our designed structure greatly enhance the absorption factor of chemical analytes by 1000. We then use multimode interference (MMI) optical splitter and Y junction combiner to connect two PCWs to show multiplexed detections of two chemicals on a single chip. Our results show the detection is down to 1 ppb for xylene in water and 100ppm for methane in nitrogen. We also present PCW microcavities structure for biological sensing in our work. Due to its high quality factor and easier immobilization of biomaterials, we are able to use ink jet printing method to bind the biomaterials on top of our chip. We choose linear-type 13 (L13, missing 13 holes) microcavities to do the biosensing for antibodies and cancer cell lysates because of its higher sensitivity combining with slow light effect. Our work achieves the cancer cell lysates detection down to 2 cells/μl., and further applications will be presented in our group in the future.text