Journal articles: 'Slot antenna arrays'

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Trinidad Garcia, Elvis, Ruben Ortega, and Saad Tabet. "Rectangular Slot Array Antenna." Applied Computational Electromagnetics Society 35, no. 11 (February 3, 2021): 1302–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.47037/2020.aces.j.351120.

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Slot antenna elements are quite popular for use in flat-panel arrays, due to their compactness and relatively large bandwidth. According to Babinet’s Principle, slots and dipoles are duals in performance. Therefore, a vertically placed slot is horizontally polarized and a horizontally placed slot is vertically polarized. A rectangular slot array lends itself to a broad range of applications, e.g., tactical and weather radar. Such arrays can be gimbaled to point their beam in any azimuth and elevation angle of interest. In this effort, a slot antenna element is designed in WIPL-D Pro to operate over the 7.5 - 8.5 GHz frequency range. The element is designed to resonate at 8 GHz. The slot element is used to generate a 6x12 slot array normal to the xy-plane. Separate Taylor tapers (nbar = 5) are applied to the 6-row and 12-column elements to provide 25 dB and 30 dB sidelobe level (SLL) suppression, respectively. The input impedance and pattern performance for a single slot, as well as the slot array’s radiation performance show excellent broadband performance.

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Potgieter, L., J. Joubert, and J. W. Odendaal. "Design of center-fed printed planar slot arrays." International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies 9, no. 2 (December 9, 2015): 453–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1759078715001701.

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A design approach for printed planar slot array antennas is presented. The antenna array consists of half-wavelength slot radiators positioned on a rectangular grid, and a slotline feed network. Three planar slot array antennas for use in IEEE 802.11a applications are designed, a 2 × 2, a 2 × 4, and a 4 × 2 array, all radiating above an electric conductor ground plane placed a quarter-wavelength below the printed slots. These slot arrays have higher aperture efficiencies and occupy less space than typical microstrip patch arrays. The measured impedance bandwidths of the designed unidirectional slot arrays were 19.8, 15.3, and 16.7%, respectively, with peak gains of 11.7, 13.9, and 14.4 dBi. Measured results show very good agreement with the simulated results, which serves as validation of the array design procedure and the accuracy of the simulated results.

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Chin, Kuo-Sheng, Chi-Sheng Wu, Chien-Lung Shen, and Kun-Chuan Tsai. "Designs of Textile Antenna Arrays for Smart Clothing Applications." Autex Research Journal 18, no. 3 (September 1, 2018): 295–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aut-2018-0002.

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Abstract In this work, three designs of textile antennas, namely, a rectangular microstrip patch antenna, annular slot antenna, and planar inverted-F antenna (PIFA), operating in the 2.45 GHz WLAN band were developed for smart clothing applications. Conductive textile, a copper-plated polyester fabric, was used for fabricating antenna radiators and grounds. An insulating neoprene fabric with a thickness of 4 mm and a permittivity of 1.5 was used for preparing the substrates. The textile patch antenna achieved a maximum gain of 5.96 dBi and a bandwidth of 4.6%. The annual slot antenna showed a moderate gain and bandwidth of 2.9 dBi and 13.1%, respectively. The PIFA achieved the widest bandwidth of 31% but the smallest gain of 1.2 dBi. Furthermore, the performance deterioration of the proposed antennas under various bending conditions was analyzed to evaluate their suitability for wearable applications. Moreover, two 2 × 2 patch and slot antenna arrays were assembled to increase gain and bandwidth. The measured results proved that the developed antenna designs provide superior performance.

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Fallah, Mahmoud, and Mohammad Khalaj-Amirhosseini. "Meta-waveguide analysis and implementation for using as a slot array antenna." International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies 12, no. 2 (September 11, 2019): 138–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1759078719001132.

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AbstractThis paper presents a novel concept named meta-waveguide structures to design slot array antennas based on metasurface. The proposed method investigates the geometrical parameters of the embedded metasurface and their relations to build up the engineered electric and magnetic fields to introduce efficient slot array antennas. This approach eliminates the necessity of using the well-known offsets in typical slot arrays, which can be benefited from linear array theorem. This idea is realized by employing successive filed curvature along the propagation direction, utilizing periodic metasurfaces. Thereafter, a step-by-step algorithm is recommended to design an efficient slot array antenna. Finally, a prototype is fabricated and tested experimentally validating the theoretical calculations.

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Lee, Doojin. "Study of metasurface coated bowtie antenna to decouple closely coupled arrays." AIP Advances 12, no. 11 (November 1, 2022): 115108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0107498.

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This paper presents the numerical studies of the bowtie antenna with and without metasurface in cross-coupled arrays. The single bowtie antennas coated by the metasurface are designed at the neighboring frequency of 3 GHz. The cloaked frequency of the cloaked bowtie antennas is controlled by components that consist of metasurface such as the dielectric constant of the supporting material, slot width, spacing of the slot, and the height of the material. The cloaked bowtie antenna has characteristics such as the minimum reflection from the antenna at the designed frequency and, at the same time the radar cross section has a low value at the cloaked frequency. This characteristic has been intensively explored with closely cross-coupled antennas in array configurations as 1D lateral arrangement and 2D arrangement for the sequential and simultaneous modes. It is numerically confirmed that the characteristics of the cloaked coupled arrays are kept the same as those of a standalone array, which is shown to have robust characteristics to the mutual coupling between strongly coupled elements.

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Jafargholi, Amir, Manouchehr Kamyab, and Mehdi Veysi. "PMC-Based Waveguide-Fed Slot Array." ISRN Communications and Networking 2011 (September 21, 2011): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2011/941070.

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Perfect magnetic conductors (PMCs) can help in the enhancement of antenna impedance bandwidth using their capability of reflecting the incident waves without phase reversal. The purpose of this paper is to show the advantages of using a perfect magnetic conductor in antenna engineering. The goal is to use it in waveguide-fed slot array antennas, increasing both the antenna impedance and radiation bandwidths. To this aim, a PMC-based rectangular waveguide composed of longitudinal slots is convenient. The impedance of the proposed array structure is calculated analytically. To compare analytical results with the simulation results, PEC- and PMC-based waveguide-fed slot arrays are designed and simulated in a certain frequency band. The simulation results are in good agreement with the theoretical predictions.

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Mohammadi-Asl, Saeed, Javad Nourinia, Changiz Ghobadi, and Maryam Majidzadeh. "Broadband circularly polarized slot antenna arrays using linked elliptical slots forC- andX-band applications." International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies 10, no. 3 (April 2018): 328–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1759078717000812.

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Compact broadband circularly polarized elliptical slot antenna arrays (CPESAAs) are devised based on 2 × 2 and 4 × 4 circularly polarized (CP) elliptical slot antennas and a sequential phase feed network. To realize the circular polarization, eight rectangular stubs are embedded in the feed structure to excite two orthogonal E vectors in 2 × 2 CPESAA configuration. Moreover, by taking four rectangular slots out from each array element, return loss and axial-ratio bandwidths are noticeably increased. The investigated simple array element has a compact size of 20 × 20 × 1 mm3. As well, 2 × 2 CPESAA occupies a compact size of 55 × 60 × 1 mm3, which operates within the frequency band 4.18–9.35 GHz. Thus, 76.4% of S11< −10 dB and 51.4% of CP bandwidth (4.43–7.5 GHz) are covered. Moreover, proposed 4 × 4 CPESAA is printed on 110 × 110 × 1 mm3FR4 substrate and covers the frequency band of 1.15–12.98 GHz with CP at 2.95–8.82 GHz. Throughout the study, the design process of the proposed antenna arrays are presented and discussed in detail.

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Milijić, Marija, and Branka Jokanović. "Advanced high-gain slot antenna arrays for 5G and radar applications." Telfor Journal 13, no. 1 (2021): 29–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/telfor2101029m.

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This paper presents an advanced design of high-gain slot antenna array at K-band using slots as radiating elements serially fed by coplanar waveguide (CPW). The arrays consist of identical slots of rectangular shape positioned symmetrically relative to the CPW feeding line. Firstly, the linear arrays of 14 slots are examined considering mainly their bandwidth and radiation characteristics. In addition, two identical linear sub - arrays of 14 slots are investigated when they have separate feeding in the form of two generators for each sub - array. Last, a CPW T-junction is employed to feed the antenna consisting of 2 x 14 slots which resulted in a wide operating bandwidth and maximum gain of 21.0 dBi which proved to be 2.25 dB less gain than with independent feeding. In order to enhance the antenna gain, both arrays are terminated with open-circuited stubs, so that the energy remaining after the last array element is reflected from the stub and re-radiated through the slot arrays. The length of the stubs is optimized to provide that the reflected wave is in phase with the forward-traveling waves at all the slot locations. In that way, very little energy is wasted and consequently the antenna gain is increased. The feed simplicity and uniplanar configuration of the slot arrays, designed for the frequency range 24.25-27.5 GHz, makes them attractive for radar sensors and high capacity 5G technology applications.

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Mohd Aminudin Jamlos, Nurasma Husna Mohd Sabri, Mohd Faizal Jamlos, Wan Azani Mustafa, Syed Zulkarnain Syed Idrus, Mohamad Nur Khairul Hafizi Rohani, Khairul Najmy Abdul Rani, and Mohd AL Hafiz Mohd Nawi. "5.8 GHz Circularly Polarized Rectangular Microstrip Antenna Arrays simulation for Point-to-Point Application." Journal of Advanced Research in Applied Sciences and Engineering Technology 28, no. 3 (November 30, 2022): 209–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.37934/araset.28.3.209220.

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In this paper, the design and simulation of rectangular microstrip antenna arrays for improving antenna gain is performed for point-to-point application. The proposed design is composed of four elements microstrip antenna with an array configuration operating at 5.8 GHz. Each element is constructed from four truncated arrays radiating elements and an inclined slot on each patch which capable to achieve circular polarized capability. The design of the 2x1 and 2x2 of rectangular microstrip array antenna was implemented from the designed of single rectangular patch antenna as the basic building element. The designed 2x1 and 2x2 array were fed by microstrip transmission line which applied a technique of quarter wave impedance matching. The antenna design was etched on Rogers RT 5880 substrate with 2.1 and 1.53 mm of dielectric constant and thickness respectively. All the designed structure were simulated in CST software. The main results of the designed antennas were compared in terms of gain, axial ratio and return loss. Based on the return loss simulation results, the designed antennas resonated exactly at the desired resonant frequency of 5.8 GHz which indicates good antenna designs. Compared to the single patch antenna having an antenna gain of 8.26 dB, the 2x1 and 2x2 arrays achieved a gain of 10.24 dB and 13.29 dB respectively. The results show that the designed rectangular microstrip antenna arrays have an improved gain performance over the single patch antenna.

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Lin, Jia-Hong, Wen-Hui Shen, Zhi-Dong Shi, and Shun-Shi Zhong. "Circularly Polarized Dielectric Resonator Antenna Arrays with Fractal Cross-Slot-Coupled DRA Elements." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2017 (2017): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/8160768.

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In the design of circularly polarized (CP) dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) arrays, the regular-shaped DRAs with simple feeding configurations are mostly used as array elements to make the design procedure more efficient. However, such array element DRA usually achieves only about 6% axial ratio (AR) bandwidth. In this paper, a CP DRA element coupled by a fractal cross-slot which can radiate efficiently and excite the rectangular DRA simultaneously is considered. By adjusting the dimensions of the fractal cross-slot properly, the resonances of the fractal cross-slot and the dielectric resonator can be merged to obtain a wider AR bandwidth. Based on the proposed fractal cross-slot-coupled CP DRA element, two different CP DRA arrays are designed: a wideband CP DRA array and a low-sidelobe-level (SLL) CP DRA array. The designed DRA arrays are fabricated and measured, and structures and performances of the arrays are presented and discussed.

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Wang, Min, Wen Wu, and Zhongxiang Shen. "Bandwidth Enhancement of Antenna Arrays Utilizing Mutual Coupling between Antenna Elements." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2010 (2010): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/690713.

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The mutual coupling effect between antenna elements on an array's bandwidth is investigated using scattering parameters instead of the mutual impedance. First, an approximate expression is derived for matched voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) bandwidth of a tuned antenna, which reveals that the bandwidth is inversely proportional to the magnitude|Γ0'(ω0)|of the frequency derivative of the reflection coefficient. Next, considering linear antenna arrays with corporate feed as an example, closed-form expressions of the reflection coefficient are derived at the input port of the feeding network, which shows that the active reflection coefficient of an array is the linear superposition of elements' passive reflection coefficientS11and the mutual coupling coefficientS12from adjacent elements. The VSWR bandwidth expressions for an array imply that bandwidth enhancement of the overall array can be achieved when the element passive reflection coefficientS11and mutual couplingS12are cancelled, as well as the frequency derivativesS11'andS12'also cancel each other. Slot arrays and a two-element Vivaldi array are investigated to verify the validity of our theoretical analysis. Numerical and experimental results are presented to successfully demonstrate the bandwidth enhancement of antenna arrays utilizing mutual coupling effect.

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Rao, K. Prahlada, R. M. Vani, and P. V. Hunagund. "Mitigation of mutual coupling in microstrip antenna arrays." Технология и конструирование в электронной аппаратуре, no. 5-6 (2019): 16–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.15222/tkea2019.5-6.16.

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This article demonstrates the alleviation of mutual coupling of a simple and low-cost four-element microstrip array antenna by loading I-shaped slot-type electromagnetic band gap structure in the ground plane. FR-4 glass epoxy is used as dielectric substrate. Moreover, the proposed array antenna shows a better performance in terms of multi-band resonance. The antenna is resonating at four frequencies and a virtual size reduction of 78.48% is obtained. The designed array antenna possesses directional radiation properties. Mentor Graphics IE3D software is used to design and simulate the designed antennas and the measured results are obtained using vector network analyser.

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Pasternak, Yuri G., Vladimir A. Pendyurin, and Kirill S. Safonov. "Antenna array with switching scanning in elevation plane." Physics of Wave Processes and Radio Systems 24, no. 3 (November 18, 2021): 100–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.18469/1810-3189.2021.24.3.100-106.

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It is known that the most reliable communication in hard-to-reach places such as the Arctic, Tundra, Taiga is satellite communication [1-5]. Therefore, for satellite communications, it is necessary to develop your own antenna arrays. This article discusses a waveguide-slot antenna array with a Luneburg lens for a mobile satellite communications terminal, which provides a continuous and stable signal. This antenna operates in the 10.9 to 14.5 GHz frequency range. Possesses vertical polarization. The overall dimensions of the antenna array are: diameter of the diagram-forming lens 256 mm (thickness 5 mm, material FLAN 2.8 (epsilon 2.8, tangent delta 0.0015)); waveguide length 600 mm (internal section 10.5 mm by 5 mm, filling FLAN 2.8). Slotted waveguide antennas and lens are made of standard FLAN 2.8 material (epsilon 2.8, tangent delta 0.0015) 5mm thick, foiled on both sides. There are 17 coaxial cables to the HF switch (equal lengths are not required), the scanning step in elevation is 5 degrees. When using 54 waveguide-slot antennas and 18 switch inputs, a scanning sector in elevation of 90 degrees is provided. All the nodes were pre-modeled separately a cylindrical Luneburg lens with suitable waveguides, excited by slits; slotted waveguide antennas; coaxial-waveguide transitions.

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Gupta, Parul, Leeladhar Malviya, and S. V. Charhate. "5G multi-element/port antenna design for wireless applications:a review." International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies 11, no. 9 (May 28, 2019): 918–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1759078719000382.

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AbstractFifth generation (5G) is the current hot topic of the world's leading telecommunication companies. The compact designs of antennas made it possible for them to resonate at higher frequencies, thus to enable the devices to attain higher data rate as compared to 4G technology. Data rate of 5G technology for low mobility users is expected to be 50.0 Gbps and for high mobility users it is 5.0 Gbps. On the other hand, International telecommunication union's objective for 5G is 3 times more spectrally efficient thanlong-term evolution (LTE). The paper has carried out meticulous study over the impact of 5G antennas on the size of antenna, size/type of substrate, gain, efficiency, and isolation, etc. Also, different arrays andmultiple input multiple outputs (MIMOs) with patch antenna, magneto electric-dipole, microstrip grid array antenna, folded dipole, series-fed array, connected antenna array, MIMO are studied. The paper also includes the existing technology i.e 4G LTE and their isolation enhancement approaches. Many of the designs used the reflector plates to reduce the back lobe radiation problem in MIMO/array antennas to increase front-to-back ratio. The gain in 5G antennas can be increased by using balun, parasitic element as directors, multiple notch structures, three identical slot sub-arrays, etc. Mathematical equations of multi-element/port antennas are included to model the designed antennas. The beam steering is also included for the 5G technology in this paper.

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Li, Yanfei, and Yang Li. "Investigation on SIW Slot Antenna Array with Beam Scanning Ability." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2019 (January 6, 2019): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/8293624.

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A sparse substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) slot antenna array and its application on phase scanning are studied in this paper. The genetic algorithm is used to optimize the best arrangement for 8-element and 7-element sparse arrays over an aperture of 4.5λ0. Antenna arrays with feeding networks, for steering the main beam pointing to 0° and −15°, are demonstrated with the SIW technology. The comparison between the sparse array and the conventional uniformly spaced array with the same aperture are presented, which suggest that the same beam width can be obtained with the gain decreased by 0.5 or 1 dBi and the number of element reduced by 2 or 3, respectively. The sparse antenna array with beam scanning ability presented in this paper shows that, while the beam scanning in the range of ±15°, the gain fluctuation is less than 0.3 dBi and the side lobe level is lower than −10 dB.

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Zhao, Yu, Hao Luo, Wenhao Tan, Zheng Zhou, Guoqiang Zhao, and Houjun Sun. "Design of a High-Gain Hybrid Slot Antenna Array Based on Bulk Silicon MEMS Process for W-Band Applications." Electronics 12, no. 9 (April 27, 2023): 2028. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics12092028.

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A W-band, high-gain, hybrid slot antenna array based on bulk silicon MEMS technology is proposed in this paper. The high-order-mode cavity is explored to excite the 2 × 2-slot basic unit, so as to reach the low-profile requirement of the bulk silicon MEMS process. To avoid the fragile structure of the large-scale antenna arrays based on the bulk silicon MEMS process, the ridge gap waveguide is employed to build the feed network for a large-scale array. A vertical transition between a rectangular waveguide and a ridge gap waveguide is designed to support the low-loss and low-cost assembling method between the radiation units and the feed network. An 8 × 8-slot hybrid antenna array is simulated and fabricated. The measured results show a relative bandwidth (VSWR < 2) of 8.1% with the first side-lobe level less than −11 dB over the frequency band of 91–97 GHz. A maximum gain of 26.1 dBi with the radiation efficiency of 65.2% is achieved. With high gain and high fabrication efficiency, the proposed hybrid slot antenna array would be valuable for W-band radar applications.

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Wang, Zhonggen, Wenshi You, Ming Yang, Wenyan Nie, and Weidong Mu. "Design of MIMO Antenna with Double L-Shaped Structure for 5G NR." Symmetry 15, no. 3 (February 23, 2023): 579. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym15030579.

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To satisfy the demand for 5G communication to smartphone terminal antennas in element quantity and isolation, an eight-element wideband MIMO antenna set of high isolation level is proposed. Each antenna element in the array is a double-L antenna consisting of an L-shaped slot and an L-shaped 50 Ω microstrip line. The L slot is formed by adding an I-shaped open circuit directly to the side of the rectangular slot. In addition, the antenna arrays are located on the long bezels on both sides of the mobile phone motherboard, and the coupling feed is made in the frequency range of 3.6–4.7 GHz through the L-shaped microstrip line, so as to cover the 5G NR band (N77/N78/N79). Finally, the four element pairs (8 components) achieve isolation of greater than 11 dB, the performance frequency range is 3.6–4.7GHz, the return loss is −6 dB, the total efficiency is greater than 85%, and the envelope correlation coefficient is less than 0.08. Other MIMO performances are also calculated, the design process is discussed in detail, and one-handed grip mode and two-handed grip mode are discussed to demonstrate their stabilities in real-world applications.

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Woo, Dong Sik, Kang Wook Kim, and Hyun-Chul Choi. "A Broadband and High Gain Tapered Slot Antenna for W-Band Imaging Array Applications." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2014 (2014): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/378527.

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A broadband and high gain tapered slot antenna (TSA) by utilizing a broadband microstrip- (MS-) to-coplanar stripline (CPS) balun has been developed for millimeter-wave imaging systems and sensors. This antenna exhibits ultrawideband performance for frequency ranges from 70 to over 110 GHz with the high antenna gain, low sidelobe levels, and narrow beamwidth. The validity of this antenna as imaging arrays is also demonstrated by analyzing mutual couplings and 4-element linear array. This antenna can be applied to mm-wave phased array, imaging array for plasma diagnostics applications.

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Luo, Hui, Wei Wei Wu, Tao Xie, Le Peng Zhong, and Nai Chang Yuan. "Design of a Novel EBG Structure for Antenna Arrays." Advanced Materials Research 1044-1045 (October 2014): 1125–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1044-1045.1125.

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EBG structures can greatly reduce mutual coupling effects between patch antennas by suppressing surface wave propagation in a specified frequency range. A two-annular rectangular slot EBG structure is proposed and its performance is analyzed. HFSS simulation results show that mutual coupling loss in a 2x2 patches system is reduced appreciably (10dB in the work frequency band 19.6~22GHz (K/Ka band)) compared with antenna without EBG structures. What’s more, the side effects on other performances, like reflection parameter and bandwidth, are so little that can be neglected. With this EBG structure loaded in antenna array, the systematic performance can also be improved.

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Koshkid’ko, V. G., and M. M. Migalin. "Design of a Slotted Waveguide Antenna by Means of VBScript Scripting Language Macros in CAD Ansys HFSS." Journal of the Russian Universities. Radioelectronics 23, no. 1 (February 28, 2020): 6–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.32603/1993-8985-2020-23-1-6-17.

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Introduction. Modern antenna devices contain a large number of repeating elements. The process of development of CAD models of such devices requires repeatedly performed operations that is a routine task for an engineer. Therefore, the problem of repeating operations automation arises when constructing antenna models with periodic structures.Aim. To demonstrate the automation of slotted waveguide antennas design process in CAD Ansys HFSS.Materials and methods. In order to determine the dimensions of the slotted waveguide antenna the energy method was used. Automation procedure of the design of the slotted waveguide antennas in CAD Ansys HFSS using the Visual Basic Scripting Edition macros was presented.Results. In order to design and edit slotted waveguide antennas in CAD Ansys HFSS four macros in the VBScript language were established: for slot subtraction from a broad wall of a rectangular waveguide at given coordinates; for removing the original slots created using the previous macro; for drawing a polyline passing through the centers of the slots, in order to verify the antenna’s near field realized distribution; for inclined slot subtraction from a narrow wall of a rectangular waveguide at given coordinates. Results of the macros usage were presented.Conclusion. The above mentioned macros allow one to automate the routine steps during the process of creating and deleting objects while designing an antenna model with periodic structures in CAD Ansys HFSS. Specified procedures for creating macros could be extended to a wide class of tasks related to the studies of characteristics of electromagnetic structures including repeating objects (phased antenna arrays, reflective arrays, slotted waveguide antennas, fractal antennas, log-periodic antennas, multi-layer lens antennas, ladder-type microwave filters).

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Liu, Yi, Hu Yang, Zusheng Jin, and Jiang Zhu. "An Improvement Approach for Wide-Angle Impedance Matching Using ELC Metasurface Slabs for SIW Slot Array Antennas." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2018 (2018): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/3164147.

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The effects of mutual coupling in beam scanning arrays increase degradation in gain as the beam is scanned off the broadside. A simple and effective approach for a deployed SIW slot array antenna through the use of artificially structured materials is proposed to improve its performance of wide-angle scanning in the E-plane. Metasurface slabs of one-tenth wavelength electric-inductive-capacitive (ELC) resonators are vertically placed halfway between the adjacent waveguides without changing the antenna structure to realize wide-angle impedance matching (WAIM). The ELC metasurface is designed to operate at a linear region rather than at a resonance region to use its transmission property for greatly weakening mutual couplings. Inserting metasurface slabs between two adjacent waveguides to reduce the mutual coupling can achieve impedance matching at large scan angles. A 10 × 10 SIW slot array operating at X-band is modelled and simulated to study how the vertically placed ELC metasurface slabs over the antenna affect the array’s beam scanning performance. The simulated results show that the scan range of the antenna is extended from −50° to 50° to −70° to 70° under the criteria that radiating efficiency is greater than 80%.

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Van Trinh, Thai, Son Trinh-Van, Kang-Yoon Lee, Youngoo Yang, and Keum Cheol Hwang. "Design of a Low-Cost, Low-Sidelobe-Level, Differential-Fed SIW Slot Array Antenna with Zero Beam Squint." Applied Sciences 12, no. 21 (October 25, 2022): 10826. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app122110826.

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This paper presents a low-cost, low-sidelobe-level, differential-fed, substrate-integrated waveguide (SIW)-based slot array antenna with zero beam squint. The antenna consists of two identical six-way unequal power dividers (PDs) and a 6 × 16 slot array and is realized on a single-layer substrate. The six-way unequal PD provides tapered amplitude and in-phase excitation for six SIWs, and each of them has 16 radiating slots. The 1 × 16 linear slot array on each SIW is excited using a differential feed to avoid undesired beam squinting across its operating band. A two-way hybrid waveguide (WG)-to-SIW E-plane PD is developed to provide equal amplitude and out-of-phase excitation for two six-way unequal power dividers. Moreover, metallic decoupling walls are implemented between two adjacent linear slot arrays to reduce E-plane external mutual coupling. An antenna prototype is fabricated and experimentally verified. The fabricated antenna shows that the measured −10 dB reflection bandwidth is 7.15% (9.57–10.28 GHz), with the achieved gain ranging from 20.30 to 21.92 dBi. A stable boresight beam is observed over the entire operating band. Furthermore, at the designed frequency of 10 GHz, peak SLLs of −29.1 dB and −29.4 dB are achieved in the E- and H-plane, respectively.

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Alibakhshikenari, Mohammad, Bal Virdee, Panchamkumar Shukla, Chan See, Raed Abd-Alhameed, Mohsen Khalily, Francisco Falcone, and Ernesto Limiti. "Antenna Mutual Coupling Suppression Over Wideband Using Embedded Periphery Slot for Antenna Arrays." Electronics 7, no. 9 (September 16, 2018): 198. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics7090198.

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This paper presents a new approach to suppress interference between neighbouring radiating elements resulting from surface wave currents. The proposed technique will enable the realization of low-profile implementation of highly dense antenna configuration necessary in SAR and MIMO communication systems. Unlike other conventional techniques of mutual coupling suppression where a decoupling slab is located between the radiating antennas the proposed technique is simpler and only requires embedding linear slots near the periphery of the patch. Attributes of this technique are (i) significant improvement in the maximum isolation between the adjacent antennas by 26.7 dB in X-band and >15 dB in Ku and K-bands; (ii) reduction in edge-to-edge gap between antennas to 10 mm (0.37 λ); and (iii) improvement in gain by >40% over certain angular directions, which varies between 4.5 dBi and 8.2 dBi. The proposed technique is simple to implement at low cost.

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Das, Debprosad, Md Farhad Hossain, Md Azad Hossain, Muhammad Asad Rahman, Md Motahar Hossain, and Md Hossam-E-Haider. "Phase delay through slot-line beam switching microstrip patch array antenna design for sub-6 GHz 5G band applications." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 14, no. 2 (April 1, 2024): 1625. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v14i2.pp1625-1633.

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Two, four, eight, and sixteen-element patch array antennas for beam switching are presented in this study. For a 1×2 array, an aperture-coupled feeding mechanism is used to feed patches while a slot line on the ground plane provides the phase delay between antenna elements. The 1×2 array is used to create the 2×2, 4×2, and 8×2 arrays, and an equal power divider provides the signal for each. For applications in the 5G sub-6 GHz frequency spectrum, the antennas are modeled. With -37.14 dB, -17.85 dB, -21.51 dB, and -26.03 dB return loss for two, four, eight, and sixteen-element array antennas respectively the simulation demonstrates that the antennas are properly matched at the resonant frequency. The antennas can switch its radiated beam to ±24o, ±24o, ±28o, and ±26o with gains of 8.97 dBi, 11.19 dBi, 13.23 dBi, and 16.24 dBi, respectively at the resonance frequency. The directivity of the proposed antenna is found to be 9.17 dBi, 11.20 dBi, 13.40 dBi, and 16.45 dBi respectively. The antennas are constructed with two 0.8 mm-thick Teflon substrate layers. The ground plane between the two substrate layers contains the aperture and the slot line that generates the phase delay.

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Park, Jeong-Hun, and Moon-Que Lee. "Beamwidth-Reconfigurable Circularly Polarized Slot Antenna Based on Half-Mode Substrate-Integrated Waveguide." Electronics 12, no. 2 (January 10, 2023): 363. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics12020363.

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Beamwidth-reconfigurable antennas are useful for the intersatellite link of low earth orbit formation flying and constellation, as they prevent unauthorized satellites from eavesdropping. In this article, a circularly polarized slot array antenna based on a half-mode substrate-integrated waveguide (HMSIW) for the K-band beamwidth reconfiguration is proposed using a new radio frequency (RF) switch structure and a pair of modified −45° and +45° linearly polarized HMSIW slot arrays for the dual operation of a single-pole double-throw (SPDT)/a power divider (PD) and easy integration with other components, respectively. The RF switch structure consists of a T-junction PD, λ/4 lines, and beam lead PIN diodes with current control resistors and without a DC block circuit for low DC power consumption and size reduction. The −45°/+45° linearly polarized HMSIW slot arrays providing linear and circular polarizations (LP and CP, respectively) are operated for CP. The use of a short-circuited termination instead of dissipative termination results in easier integration with other components because the 16 radiating slots consume most of the input power. The dimension of the beamwidth-reconfigurable antenna including the bottom metal layer is 157.2 × 23.3 × 0.254 mm3 (12.5 λ0 × 1.86λ0 × 0.0202λ0). The RF switch for the SPDT shows the insertion losses of 1.8–2.3 and 16.7–24.2 dB and an isolation of 20.9–33.4 dB for both outputs within the 10-dB bandwidth. The RF switch for the PD has an insertion loss of 3.9–4.8 dB. The one- and two-antenna operation modes of the CP antenna provide the gains of 9.44 and 6.99 dBic, the axial ratios of 2.24 and 3.47 dB, and the horizontal beamwidths of 35.8° and 78.2°, respectively.

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Feng, Yuhao, Yiming Chen, Atef Elsherbeni, and Khalid Alharbi. "Arrow Patch-Slot Antenna for 5G Lower Frequency Band Communications." Applied Computational Electromagnetics Society 35, no. 11 (February 5, 2021): 1418–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.47037/2020.aces.j.351178.

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A compact size arrow shaped patch in a rectangular slot antenna is designed for 5G communications in the lower 3 to 6 GHz band. The antenna element is fed through a coplanar waveguide with partial ground plane for better impedance matching with 50 Ohms across the entire band. The maximum gain of a single element is 3.8 dB at 3.7 GHz, while for linear arrays of 5 and 15 elements with uniform excitation the maximum gains are 10.9 dB and 16 dB, respectively. The 5 and 15 elements arrays provide scanning range with no significant degradation of the main beam up to 30˚ and 45˚, respectively. The properties of this antenna element makes it suitable for 5G wireless mobile devices and miniaturized base stations antenna arrays.

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Trujillo-Romero, Citlalli Jessica, Juan Dionisio Merida, Texar Javier Ramírez-Guzmán, Raquel Martínez-Valdez, Lorenzo Leija-Salas, Arturo Vera-Hernández, Genaro Rico-Martínez, José Jesús Agustín Flores-Cuautle, Josefina Gutiérrez-Martínez, and Emilio Sacristán-Rock. "Thermal Evaluation of Multi-Antenna Systems Proposed to Treat Bone Tumors: Finite Element Analysis." Sensors 22, no. 19 (October 7, 2022): 7604. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22197604.

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Microwave ablation is commonly used in soft tissue tumors, but its application in bone tumors has been barely analyzed. Antennas to treat bone tissue (~3 cm2), has been lately designed. Bone tumors at pathological stage T1 can reach 8 cm wide. An antenna cannot cover it; therefore, our goal is to evaluate the thermal performance of multi-antenna arrays. Linear, triangular, and square configurations of double slot (DS) and monopole (MTM) antennas were evaluated. A parametric study (finite element method), with variations in distance between antennas (ad) and bone thickness (bt) was implemented. Array feasibility was evaluated by SWR, ablated tissue volume, etc. The linear configuration with DS and MTM antennas showed SWR ≤ 1.6 for ad = 1 mm–15 mm and bt = 20 mm–40 mm, and ad = 10 mm–15 mm and bt = 25 mm–40 mm, respectively; the triangular showed SWR ≤ 1.5 for ad = 5 mm–15 mm and bt = 20 mm–40 mm and ad = 10 mm–15 mm and bt = 25 mm–40 mm. The square configuration (DS) generated SWR ≤ 1.5 for ad = 5 mm–20 mm and bt = 20 mm–40 mm, and the MTM, SWR ≤ 1.5 with ad = 10 mm and bt = 25 mm–40 mm. Ablated tissue was 4.65 cm3–10.46 cm3 after 5 min. According to treatment time and array configuration, maximum temperature and ablated tissue is modified. Bone tumors >3 cm3 can be treated by these antenna-arrays.

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Ahmed, Iftikhar, Sultan Shoaib, and Raza Ali Shah. "Quad Sector HMSIW Tapered Slot Antenna Array for Millimeter-Wave Applications." Electronics 10, no. 14 (July 10, 2021): 1645. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10141645.

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In this paper, a slot antenna array based on a half-mode substrate integrated waveguide (HMSIW) is presented, integrating a series of linearly tapered slots for wireless broadband applications in millimeter-wave frequencies. The slots are etched on the upper layer of HMSIW, which radiates the energy from the open side of HMSIW, exhibiting a near broadside radiation pattern. Two identical sets of back-to-back printed antenna arrays are cross-lap joined to form a quad sector antenna providing 360° coverage. The proposed antenna occupies a volume of 20 × 20 × 70 mm3. The measured bandwidth is 1.81 GHz (6.53%) for Voltage to Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR) 3:1 from 26.8 to 28.6 GHz, while the peak measured gain and efficiency of single antenna array were 14.2 dB and 71.3%, respectively, at 27.5 GHz. Furthermore, the sidelobe level in the azimuth plane was observed to be 17.75 dB. The performance of the proposed antenna is measured, and a good agreement between simulation and measured results is observed over the frequency range of 27.5–28.35 GHz for millimeter-wave 5G applications.

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Boutayeb, Halim, and Mourad Nedil. "High Gain Slot Array with Fabry-Perot Cavity Feeding Circuit." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2016 (2016): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/9674742.

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A new approach for designing slot arrays using a Fabry-Perot cavity for the feeding circuit is presented. The proposed array has simpler and smaller feeding circuit compared to conventional feeding networks that have multiple dividers or combiners. The dividers and combiners are usually sources of losses. In addition, the profile of the proposed array is not limited by the half-wavelength resonance condition that exists for Fabry-Perot resonator antennas based on partially reflecting surfaces. The operating frequency is not sensitive to the profile of the antenna. A small profile can be achieved without the utilization of an artificial magnetic conductor or a substrate with high dielectric constant. To validate the proposed approach, full-wave numerical results are presented at 5.8 GHz showing good impedance matching, a high gain of about 22 dB, and an efficiency of 76%.

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Yastrebtsova, Olga I., and Vadim V. Chebyshev. "USE OF MULTILAYER DIELECTRIC FOR SLOT PHASED ARRAY ANTENNAS." SYNCHROINFO JOURNAL 9, no. 6 (2023): 2–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.36724/2664-066x-2023-9-6-2-11.

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It is of interest to study slot spiral radiators as part of a phased array with structural elements in the form of multi-layer dielectrics that make up a multilayer substrate and a spiral cover, which, by changing the parameters of a multilayer dielectric, can significantly change the frequency properties of the radiator and its overall dimensions. The purpose of the work is to develop a mathematical model for a phased array in the form of a periodic structure with slotted spiral radiators using multilayer dielectrics in the design, and its numerical analysis with the study of its frequency properties when choosing the topology of the spiral, the parameters of the dielectric layered medium, followed by determining the design dimensions of the spiral as an element of the phased antenna arrays. A mathematical model of a phased array is presented in the form of a periodic structure with slotted radiators using multi-layer dielectrics in the design. The method is based on the conversion of the electrodynamic problem of excitation to an integral equation with its subsequent transformation to a one-dimensional Fredholm integral equation of the first kind. The directional and polarization characteristics of the phased antenna arrays element are determined, and a numerical analysis of its frequency properties is carried out.

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Kryachko, A. F., N. A. Gladky, M. R. Bibarsov, and B. A. Ayukov. "Algorithm for Assessing the Characteristics of a Waveguide Slot Antenna Array when Changing Antenna Element Phasing." Journal of the Russian Universities. Radioelectronics 27, no. 3 (July 1, 2024): 42–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.32603/1993-8985-2024-27-3-42-51.

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Introduction. When operating antennas in various radio-electronic systems, the influence of phase shifter (PS) failures on the characteristics of phased array antennas, waveguide-slot phased array antennas (WSPAA) in particular, should be taken into account. A review of publications shows a lack of research studies into failures of these elements.Aim. Research of WSPAA characteristics in the event of PS failures, when their phase takes a value equal to zero instead of the required value.Materials and methods. Statistical modeling methods were used to study the impact of PS failures on WSPAA characteristics. Calculations were carried out using a PC and the Mathcad 15 applied mathematics package.Results. An algorithm for statistical modeling of the impact of PS failures on WSPAA characteristics is proposed. A relationship that connects the radiation pattern with the statistical sample volume and the number of failed PSs is presented. Malfunctions of emitters from 5 to 35 out of 50 elements were investigated. Changes in the following characteristics were obtained: standard deviation - from 0.064 to 0.18; relative values: radiation pattern width - from 8 to 18 %; level of side lobes - from 13 to 59 %; radiation power - from 0.9 to 0.3.Conclusion. The results obtained can be generalized and used in radio-electronic systems with antenna arrays at the stage of their development. Future work will address the influence of PS failures with phases being established randomly and with random values, as well as PS failures in which power does not pass into the emitter. Another important area concerns compensation of distortions resulting from failures of antenna elements.

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Golovkov, Alexander A., Polina V. Terenteva, Alexander G. Zhuravlev, Michail S. Shmyrin, and Nikolay S. Stenyukov. "BROADBAND MICROWAVE VIVALDI ANTENNA USING COPLANAR FEED LINE." Journal of the Russian Universities. Radioelectronics, no. 6 (January 18, 2019): 13–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.32603/1993-8985-2018-21-6-13-19.

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Nowadays Vivaldi antennas are used as directional emitters with matching and balancing device at the input. As a rule, these devices cause additional losses in case of broadband operation. Besides, the use of the device leads to radiator pattern distortions, especially when operating in a wide frequency range. Stringent operating requirements (wide operating temperature, high humidity, salt fog, vibration, etc.), make the choice of proper chip very complicated. The aim of the study is to develop a slot antenna with a 50-ohm port at the input, which would be easy to manufacture and operate, while maintaining high gain in a wide frequency range. As is known, the field structure in the coplanar line is close to the field structure in the slit field close to it. As is known, the field structure in the coplanar line is similar to the field structure in the slot line. Using mathematics for such fields, means of electrodynamic modeling and numerical calculation, a system is developed that consists of two Vivaldi antennas fed by one coplanar line. Thus, the emitter has a close to a circular pattern and low losses in the structure of feeding, matching and balancing, the functions of which are performed by the coplanar line. The results are given for the frequency range of 1-6 GHz. The device as a whole is a dielectric substrate with radiating structure made as double-sided metallization. Finline-based emitters are acceptable to use for operation in higher frequencies. Antenna has low manufacturing cost and it is easy to repeat. Currently the authors are continuing work on the study of the use of such elements as part of antenna arrays.

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Saleh, Sahar, Tale Saeidi, and Nick Timmons. "Simple Compact UWB Vivaldi Antenna Arrays for Breast Cancer Detection." Telecom 5, no. 2 (April 8, 2024): 312–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/telecom5020016.

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In this study, at ultra-wideband (UWB) frequency band (3.1–10.6 GHz), we propose the use of compact 2:1 and 3:1 nonuniform transmission line Wilkinson power dividers (NTL WPDs) as feeding networks for simple 2 × 1 linear UWB Vivaldi tapered and nonuniform slot antenna (VTSA and VNSA) arrays. The 2:1 and 3:1 tapered transmission line (TTL) WPDs are designed and tested in this work as benchmarks for NTL WPDs. The VTSA array provides measured S11 < −10.28 dB at 2.42–11.52 GHz, with a maximum gain of 8.61 dBi, which is 24.39% higher than the single element. Using the VNSA array, we achieve 52% compactness and 6.76% bandwidth enhancement, with good measured results of S11 < −10.2 dB at 3.24–13 GHz and 15.11% improved gain (8.14 dBi) compared to the VNSA single element. The findings show that the NTL and Vivaldi nonuniform slot profile antenna (VNSPA) theories are successful at reducing the size of the UWB WPD and VTSA without sacrificing performance. They also emphasize the Vivaldi antenna’s compatibility with other circuits. These compact arrays are ideal for high-resolution medical applications like breast cancer detection (BCD) because of their high gain, wide bandwidth, directive stable radiation patterns, and low specific absorption rate (SAR). A simple BCD simulation scenario is addressed in this work. Detailed parametric studies are performed on the two arrays for impedance-matching enhancement. The computer simulation technology (CST) software is used for the simulation. Hardware measurement results prove the validity of the proposed arrays.

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Filgueiras, Hugo Rodrigues Dias, James R. Kelly, Pei Xiao, I. F. da Costa, and Arismar Cerqueira Sodré. "Wideband Omnidirectional Slotted-Waveguide Antenna Array Based on Trapezoidal Slots." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2019 (October 13, 2019): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/3792980.

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This manuscript presents a novel approach for designing wideband omnidirectional slotted-waveguide antenna arrays, which is based on trapezoidal-shaped slots with two different electrical lengths, as well as a twisted distribution of slot groups along the array longitudinal axis. The trapezoidal section is formed by gradually increasing the slot length between the waveguide interior and exterior surfaces. In this way, a smoother impedance transition between waveguide and air is provided in order to enhance the array operating bandwidth. In addition, we propose a twisting technique, responsible to improve the omnidirectional pattern, by means of reducing the gain ripple in the azimuth plane. Experimental results demonstrate 1.09 GHz bandwidth centered at 24 GHz (4.54% fractional bandwidth), gain up to 14.71 dBi over the operating bandwidth, and only 2.7 dB gain variation in the azimuth plane. The proposed antenna array and its enabling techniques present themselves as promising solutions for mm-wave application, including 5G enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB) communications.

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Wang, Wei. "Broadband printed antennas and dual-polarized microstrip and waveguide slot antenna arrays." Journal of Shanghai University (English Edition) 10, no. 3 (June 2006): 282. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11741-006-0132-4.

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Lee, Kim, and Pyo. "Mesh-Grounded Monopolar Hexagonal Microstrip Antenna for Artillery-Launched Observation Round." Electronics 8, no. 11 (November 3, 2019): 1279. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics8111279.

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This paper presents a novel low-profile microstrip antenna with an omnidirectional radiation pattern for an artillery-launched observation round. The proposed antenna consists of one centered hexagonal patch for a feeding network and six periodic arrays of a trapezoid patch for a radiator. The trapezoid patch is equal to a half-sized hexagonal patch based on geometrical symmetry. A gap-coupled one-hexagonal patch and six trapezoid patches are supported on a nonfundamental TM02 mode for vertically polarized omnidirectional radiation patterns. In addition, a meshed ground structure for the proposed antenna is employed to improve the impedance bandwidth. The thin metal wires that are formed by the meshed ground structure yield six trapezoid slot arrays for the feeding network and three triangular slot arrays for the radiator on the ground plane. To verify the feasibility of the meshed ground structure, the mesh width, denoted by w, was investigated theoretically and optimized carefully to enlarge the impedance bandwidth of the proposed antenna. Finally, the proposed antenna, with a mesh width of 0.2 mm, successfully demonstrated excellent monopolar radiation at a resonant frequency of 5.84 GHz, a realized gain of 5.27 dBi, and an impedance bandwidth of 452 MHz from 5.583 GHz to 6.035 GHz with respect to 7.78% at a center frequency of 5.809 GHz.

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Zhang, Qinghu, Bitian Chai, Jianxin Chen, and Wenwen Yang. "A Compact Aperture-Sharing Sub-6 GHz/Millimeter-Wave Dual-Band Antenna." Sensors 23, no. 9 (April 30, 2023): 4400. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23094400.

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In this article, a microwave (MW)/millimeter wave (MMW) aperture-sharing antenna is proposed. The antenna is constructed using two orthogonal columns of grounded vias from a 3.5 GHz slot-loaded half-mode substrate-integrated waveguide (HMSIW) antenna. These vias are reused to create two sets of 1 × 4 MMW substrate-integrated dielectric resonator antenna (SIDRA) arrays. With this proposed partial structure reuse strategy, the MW antenna and MMW arrays can be integrated in a shared-aperture manner, improving space utilization and enabling dual-polarized beam steering capability in the MMW band, which is highly desirable for multiple-input multipleoutput (MIMO) applications. The integrated antenna prototype was manufactured and measured for verification. The 3.5 GHz antenna has a relative bandwidth of 3.4% (3.44–3.56 GHz) with a peak antenna gain of 5.34 dBi, and the 28 GHz antenna arrays cover the frequency range of 26.5–29.8 GHz (11.8%) and attain a measured peak antenna gain of 11.0 dBi. Specifically, the 28 GHz antenna arrays can realize dual-polarization and ±45° beam steering capability. The dual-band antenna has a very compact structure, and it is applicable for 5G mobile communication terminals.

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Wang, Chien-Jen, and Yang Dai. "STUDIES OF POWER-COMBINING OF OPEN SLOT ANTENNA ARRAYS." Progress In Electromagnetics Research 120 (2011): 423–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2528/pier11081503.

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Ahn, Kwang Jun, Young-Mi Bahk, Dai-Sik Kim, Jisoo Kyoung, and Fabian Rotermund. "Ultrasensitive molecular absorption detection using metal slot antenna arrays." Optics Express 23, no. 15 (July 15, 2015): 19047. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oe.23.019047.

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Numan, Ahmed B., Jean-François Frigon, and Jean-Jacques Laurin. "W-Band Compact Slot Antenna Arrays With Polarization Flexibility." Radio Science 53, no. 6 (June 2018): 739–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2017rs006495.

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Kim, Y. S., and K. S. Yngvesson. "Characterization of tapered slot antenna feeds and feed arrays." IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 38, no. 10 (1990): 1559–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/8.59768.

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Yakovlev, A. B., M. V. Lukic, A. Z. Elsherbeni, C. E. Smith, and M. B. Steer. "Meander-slot and U-slot antenna arrays for wide-band spatial power combiners." IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters 13, no. 3 (March 2003): 125–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lmwc.2003.810125.

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Sood, Khagindra, Rajeev Jyoti, and Shashi Bhushan Sharma. "Linear array modules with prescribed excitations using waveguide shunt slot-fed microstrip patch elements." International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies 5, no. 5 (June 3, 2013): 637–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1759078713000548.

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A waveguide shunt slot-fed microstrip patch antenna (WGMPA) element is proposed and analyzed with method of moments (MOM) using entire-domain basis functions. The developed analysis has been utilized to obtain parametric observation of power-coupling versus transverse offset of feeding slot from the waveguide axis. Expressions for the radiation pattern as a summation of contributions of individual basis functions are reported. The proposed element is amenable to building-up series-fed linear arrays by a simple cascading of elements at the through-end of the feeding waveguide. The authors propose that arbitrary amplitude excitations may be applied to such linear arrays for desired tailored array pattern characteristics. The required transverse offsets for each array element may be computed using the reported parametric result. As a demonstration of concept, two distributions are designed – uniform amplitudes and Dolph–Chebyshev for reduced side lobes. Computed element patterns from MOM are used with an array factor formulation for arbitrary element positions. Both modules show radiation characteristics closely matching the expected directivity and sidelobe envelopes. Analysis validation is achieved using a proven finite element method (FEM)-based solver; the comparison is close and is reported. Efficacy of the waveguide shunt-slot fed patch element for building linear array modules with prescribed amplitude distributions is thus established.

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AB RASHID, AMIER HAFIZUN, B. H. Ahmad, M. Z. A. Abd Aziz, and H. Nornikman. "Rectenna for Radio Frequency Energy Harvesting: A Review." ELEKTRIKA- Journal of Electrical Engineering 23, no. 1 (April 27, 2024): 12–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.11113/elektrika.v23n1.443.

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The emergence of wireless charging technology is also a topic of debate among consumers, fabricators, researchers, and academics. This paper focuses on the literature review of several works on the previous enhancement technique that effect the performance of antenna design with rectifying circuit (rectenna) for energy transfer system technology. Several techniques are applied on this microstrip antenna design work to enhance the antenna performance such as slot, parasitic element, fractal, antenna arrays and others. The parameters that are considered in this work are return loss, resonant frequency with bandwidth, gain and the antenna dimension.

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Greard, Romain, Mohamed Himdi, Dominique Lemur, Gwenal Le Dem, Pierre Thaly, and Cyrille Le Meins. "A Semi-Elliptical UWB Folded Dipole Antenna." Electronics 12, no. 13 (June 24, 2023): 2788. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics12132788.

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In this paper, a novel structure of a semi-elliptical folded dipole for ultra-wideband (UWB) receiving applications is discussed. This proposed antenna has a directive radiation pattern resulting in a high gain over the bandwidth. The design uses a planar technology including a microstrip line to slot line transition and optimized curves to obtain a measured impedance bandwidth of 2.3–26 GHz with the condition of S11 < −6 dB (level accepted for receiving antenna) and meets S11 < −10 dB in several bands. Additionally, the simulated gain ranges from 5 dBi to 9.5 dBi across the entire bandwidth with an efficiency of at least 75%. This antenna model offers a reconfiguration capability. The symmetrical feeding used in this antenna creates the directive behavior. Characteristics of this semi-elliptical folded dipole antenna make it suitable for modern wireless communications, such as 5 G around 3.5 GHz, and easy to integrate in antenna arrays (MIMO systems). The four ports of the antenna also make it a candidate for radiation pattern reconfigurability applications reducing in this way the number of elements in network antennas.

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Zheng, Lichao, Esha Maqbool, and Zhanghua Han. "Efficient and Shape-Sensitive Manipulation of Nanoparticles by Quasi-Bound States in the Continuum Modes in All-Dielectric Metasurfaces." Micromachines 15, no. 4 (March 25, 2024): 437. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi15040437.

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Current optical tweezering techniques are actively employed in the manipulation of nanoparticles, e.g., biomedical cells. However, there is still huge room for improving the efficiency of manipulating multiple nanoparticles of the same composition but different shapes. In this study, we designed an array of high-index all-dielectric disk antennas, each with an asymmetric open slot for such applications. Compared with the plasmonic counterparts, this all-dielectric metasurface has no dissipation loss and, thus, circumvents the Joule heating problem of plasmonic antennas. Furthermore, the asymmetry-induced excitation of quasi-bound states in continuum (QBIC) mode with a low-power intensity (1 mW/µm2) incidence imposes an optical gradient force of −0.31 pN on 8 nm radius nanospheres, which is four orders of magnitude stronger than that provided by the Fano resonance in plasmonic antenna arrays, and three orders of magnitude stronger than that by the Mie resonance in the same metasurface without any slot, respectively. This asymmetry also leads to the generation of large optical moments. At the QBIC resonance wavelength, a value of 88.3 pN-nm will act on the nanorods to generate a rotational force along the direction within the disk surface but perpendicular to the slot. This will allow only nanospheres but prevent the nanorods from accurately entering into the slots, realizing effective sieving between the nanoparticles of the two shapes.

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YAMAGUCHI, Satoshi, Hiroaki MIYASHITA, Toru TAKAHASHI, Masataka OTSUKA, and Yoshihiko KONISHI. "Ultra-Wideband Tapered Slot Antenna Arrays with Parallel-Plate Waveguides." IEICE Transactions on Communications E93-B, no. 5 (2010): 1248–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1587/transcom.e93.b.1248.

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Grbic, A., and G. V. Eleftheriades. "Leaky CPW-based slot antenna arrays for millimeter-wave applications." IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 50, no. 11 (November 2002): 1494–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tap.2002.804259.

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Zhu, Jianfeng, Shaowei Liao, Shufang Li, and Quan Xue. "60 GHz Substrate-Integrated Waveguide-Based Monopulse Slot Antenna Arrays." IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 66, no. 9 (September 2018): 4860–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tap.2018.2847324.

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Lafond, O., M. Himdi, O. Vendier, and Y. Cailloce. "Thick-slot transition and antenna arrays in the Q band." Microwave and Optical Technology Letters 44, no. 1 (2004): 24–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mop.20536.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Slot antenna arrays'

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