Journal articles: 'Sloping'

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Guo. "A Review of the Hydraulic Transient and Dynamic Behavior of Hydropower Plants with Sloping Ceiling Tailrace Tunnels." Energies 12, no. 17 (August 21, 2019): 3220. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12173220.

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The sloping ceiling tailrace tunnel is a novel tailrace tunnel system for hydropower plants. The design, operation, and maintenance of hydropower plants with sloping ceiling tailrace tunnels are based on the calculation and analysis of hydraulic transients and dynamic behavior. Research achievements have provided guidance and a basis for the safe, stable, and efficient operation of hydropower plants with sloping ceiling tailrace tunnels. Based on research achievements, sloping ceiling tailrace tunnels have been applied to more and more hydropower plants. This review paper gives a systematic literature investigation on the hydraulic transient and dynamic behaviors of hydropower plants with sloping ceiling tailrace tunnels. First, the appearance and development of sloping ceiling tailrace tunnels are stated. Key issues in the hydraulic transient and dynamic behaviors of hydropower plants with sloping ceiling tailrace tunnels are illuminated. Then, research achievements on six issues (i.e., the working principles of sloping ceiling tailrace tunnels, the shape design of sloping ceiling tailrace tunnels, the free surface pressurized flow characteristics in sloping ceiling tailrace tunnels, numerical simulations of transient processes for hydro-turbine governing systems with sloping ceiling tailrace tunnels, the stability of hydro-turbine governing systems with sloping ceiling tailrace tunnels, and the transient process control of hydro-turbine governing systems with sloping ceiling tailrace tunnels) are elaborated. Finally, future research trends are presented. In future research, fluid–solid coupling of the tunnel wall and free surface pressurized flow in sloping ceiling tailrace tunnels is worth studying. For hydropower plants with sloping ceiling tailrace tunnels, a combined operating scheme with thermal power and wind power should be explored.

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Gao, Qingshi, and Zhiyong Liu. "Sloping-and-shaking." Science in China Series E: Technological Sciences 40, no. 3 (June 1997): 225–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02916597.

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Podkaminer, Leon. "Downward-Sloping Aggregate Supply Functions, Upward-Sloping Aggregate Demand Functions." Journal of Post Keynesian Economics 20, no. 2 (December 1997): 301–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01603477.1997.11490154.

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Sulistiyawati, Arie, and Yanti Cahyati. "Comparison of the Effect of 30° and 90° Sloping Position on Pressure Ulcer Incident on Stroke Patients." Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research 2, no. 1 (March 28, 2020): 73–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.37287/ijghr.v2i1.70.

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Pressure ulcer is a serious problem on stroke patients. The incidence of pressure ulcer has a negative impact on the physical, psychological, social, spiritual and economic burden of the family. One of the efforts to prevent the pressure ulcer is by providing a sleeping position with a 30 ° or 90 ° sloping position. Some hospitals still apply standard operational procedures with a 90 ° sloping position. Therefore, it is important to retest the prevention of pressure ulcer on stroke patients by using both sloping positions. This study aimed to compare the effect of 30 ° and 90 ° sloping position on the incidence of presssure ulcer on stroke patients at Hasan Sadikin Hospital Bandung. This quasi-experimental study involved 34 patients taken using purposive sampling technique which was then divided into groups of 30° and 90° sloping positions (17 respondents each) with the matching was based on the Braden scale. Each group was repositioned every 2 hours and the incidence of pressure ulcer was evaluated every day for 72 hours. The results showed the incidence of pressure ulcer in the 30 ° sloping position group (5.88%) and 90° sloping position (41.18%). Statistical results using exact fisher showed a value of p = 0.039 (<0.05) which means that the incidence of pressure ulcer in the 30° sloping group was significantly less than the result of 90° sloping group. Based on the odds ratio of 11.200, it means that stroke patients who were given a 90° sloping position are at risk 11 times higher risk of pressure ulcer than in stroke patients who were given a 30° sloping position. The conclusion in this study is the incidence of fewer pressure ulcer in a 30 ° sloping position. The results and treatment protocol in this study can be used as one of the considerations in efforts to prevent pressure ulcer, especially in stroke patients. Keywords: pressure ulcer, sloping position, stroke

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Paroha, Abhishek Kumar, and Deepak Kumar Bandewar. "Analysis of Building Constructed on an Inclined Surface Considering Different Parameters of Soil Types." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 7 (July 31, 2022): 1374–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.45471.

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Abstract: This study draws attention on proper planning and construction practices for multi-storied buildings on sloping ground. However, in usual design practice the designers generally ignorethe behavior of the building due to the effect of sloping ground. The evaluation of a G+4 storey RCC structure on varying sloping angles (00 , 150 , 200 , 250 , 300 and 400 ) were studied and also compared with the flat surface. The evaluations of the structure were carried by the software STAAD Pro v8i to study the effect of slopes on building performance. The evaluation was done to figure out the effect of sloping ground on the forces applied on the structure. Soil interaction must be suitably believed from design point of view. The Research work triesto find the truth about the earthquake-related behavior of multi storey structures on sloping angles thinking about soil-structure interaction. The horizontal reactions, bending moment in footings and axial force, bending moment in columns were critically studied to put the effectsof different sloping ground. It has been followed that the footing columns of lower height attract more forces, because ofa big increase in their stiffness, which in turn increases the horizontal forces and bending moment. So, the section of these columns should be designed for changed forces due to the effect of sloping ground. It draws attention to the need for proper analysis and designing of the structure resting on sloping surface. Overall movement of the structure with respect to different sloping ground setups is also carefully studied.

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Yao, Xiaowei, Ting Luo, Yingjun Xu, Wanxu Chen, and Jie Zeng. "Prediction of Spatiotemporal Changes in Sloping Cropland in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River Region under Different Scenarios." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 1 (December 23, 2022): 182. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20010182.

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With the rapid urban expansion and extensive occupation of cropland, sloping cropland has become an important cropland resource across China. How sloping cropland will change under different socioeconomic scenarios is poorly understood. Therefore, we modeled land-cover change using SSP-RCP multi-scenario simulations and analyzed the evolution and driving factors of sloping cropland change in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River Region (MRYRR). The results indicate the following: In the past twenty years, the cropland and sloping cropland areas in this region declined but the proportion of sloping cropland in total area has been increasing. The average slope of sloping cropland has increased from 7.95° to 8.28°. By 2035, the sloping cropland and total cropland areas will continue to decrease according to the current trend (SSP2-4.5). The average slope will increase maximally to 8.63° under the SSP4-3.4 scenario and minimally to 8.45° under the SSP4-6.0 scenario. Under SSP4-3.4, the extent of slope increase will exceed that in 2005–2010, when regional cropland slope showed the strongest increase in the past. Among 14 social, economic, and ecological factors, average annual precipitation and GDP contributed the most to the change in sloping cropland. This study provides support for decision-making in sustainable land resource allocation to balance urban expansion and cropland conservation.

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Sayers, William. "Claen Temair: Sloping Tara." Mankind Quarterly 32, no. 3 (1992): 242–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.46469/mq.1992.32.3.4.

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Ibuki, Toshihiko, Koichi Amaha, Takeshi Shibuya, Tamaki Kida, Noritoshi Sumida, Hidehiko Inoue, Yoshiyuki Abe, et al. "Tillage on Sloping Pastures." Japanese Journal of Farm Work Research 51, no. 3 (2016): 109–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4035/jsfwr.51.109.

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9

Keller, Robert J. "Sloping Crest Crump Weir." Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering 115, no. 2 (April 1989): 231–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9437(1989)115:2(231).

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10

Xiao, Meijia, Qingwen Zhang, Liqin Qu, Hafiz Hussain, Yuequn Dong, and Li Zheng. "Spatiotemporal Changes and the Driving Forces of Sloping Farmland Areas in the Sichuan Region." Sustainability 11, no. 3 (February 11, 2019): 906. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11030906.

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Sloping farmland is an essential type of the farmland resource in China. In the Sichuan province, livelihood security and social development are particularly sensitive to changes in the sloping farmland, due to the region’s large portion of hilly territory and its over-dense population. In this study, we focused on spatiotemporal change of the sloping farmland and its driving forces in the Sichuan province. Sloping farmland areas were extracted from geographic data from digital elevation model (DEM) and land use maps, and the driving forces of the spatiotemporal change were analyzed using a principal component analysis (PCA). The results indicated that, from 2000 to 2015, sloping farmland decreased by 3263 km2 in the Sichuan province. The area of gently sloping farmland (<10°) decreased dramatically by 1467 km2, especially in the capital city, Chengdu, and its surrounding areas. However, the steep sloping farmland (>25°) decreased by 302 km2, and was still the largest portion of total farmland in the area. The PCA analysis indicated that the main driving forces behind the changes were social and economic factors. The influence of agricultural intensification factors, such as the multiple cropping index and sown areas of crops, was relatively weak. Given the decrease in the overall slope cultivated area and the increased portion of moderately steep slope land (10–25°) in the cultivated area, special attention should be paid to the scientific conservation of sloping farmland during rapid social and economic development.

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Guan, Ren Guo, Zhan Yong Zhao, Chao Lian, Run Ze Chao, and Chun Ming Liu. "Melt Flow Type and Physical Model of Semisolid Rheo-Casting Process by Cooling Sloping Plate." Advanced Materials Research 490-495 (March 2012): 3237–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.490-495.3237.

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In this paper, a physical model of semisolid rheo-casting process by cooling sloping plate is established, and the features and parameters of this process are analyzed. The calculation results show that there exists lamellar flow and turbulent flow on the sloping plate surface commonly. The critical transfer distance from lamellar flow to turbulent flow decreases with the increment of the initial flow velocity gradually. The critical transfer distance decreases with the increment of the sloping angle slowly. The effect of the sloping angle on the critical transfer distance is relatively not obvious.

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Yan, Ya Jie. "Issues of Sloping Roof Design of Multi-Storied Buildings." Advanced Materials Research 374-377 (October 2011): 1179–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.374-377.1179.

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According to the sloping roof engineering characteristics of multi-storied buildings, summarized from architectural design, structural design and other aspects, the roof forms, slope, structure, drainage organization, ventilation, lighting, lightning protection and other related issues were discussed in this paper. The common problems about changing the plane roof to the sloping roof in the old buildings, such as deal with the water tanks, inner courtyard and solar water heaters of the old buildings were also investigated in this paper. The design methods and ideas of dealing with the sloping roof series’ design problems were proposed. Some reasonable suggestions about structural analysis methods, key parts of the sloping roof, cornice and plinth were given as references for the future selection of sloping roof scheme, design and other aspects of treatment.

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Park, Yong-woon, Jae-sub Ko, and Dae-kyong Kim. "Optimal Design of Step-Sloping Notches for Cogging Torque Minimization of Single-Phase BLDC Motors." Energies 14, no. 21 (November 1, 2021): 7104. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14217104.

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This paper presents a method for reducing the cogging torque for a sloping notch with two notches applied on the stator teeth. The accuracy of FEA was confirmed by a comparison with a previous model using an asymmetric notch for the experiment data and 3D FEA results, followed by a comparison of the cogging torque of a two notches model and a sloping notch model. The sloping notch model was modified to a step-sloping notch model in consideration of a potential manufacturing process. The optimal design for minimizing the cogging torque was developed considering the sloping degree, angle, position, and size of the notches. As the optimal design result, the cogging torque on the optimal model was reduced. Finally, the analysis and optimal design results were confirmed by FEA.

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Liu, Jin Long, and Jie Qun Liu. "Character of Embankment Reinforced with Geotextile on Sloping Weak Foundation." Advanced Materials Research 168-170 (December 2010): 1272–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.168-170.1272.

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Based on nonlinear finite element method, the character of embankment reinforced with geotextile on sloping weak foundation has been studied. It is shown that the lateral displacement of embankment has been distinctly effected by the sloping of foundation, the value of lateral displacement on sloping foundation is greatly bigger than that of horizontal foundation. The peak value of lateral displacement can be effectively reduced by geotextile. With the same condition, geotextile in sloping foundation acts a more important effect than that of horizontal foundation. The development of plastic zone of embankment has been impeded and separated by geotextile, which enhanced the stability of embankment. The results also indicated that, if necessary, reinforcement such as anti-slide pile should be layout at lower toe of embankment on sloping weak foundation.

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Zhu, Jun, Hanhao Zhu, Jun Tang, and Guangxue Zheng. "Researches on very low frequency acoustic signal propagation characteristics in different shallow elastic wedge bottoms." MATEC Web of Conferences 283 (2019): 02003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201928302003.

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Targeted at the issue of extremely low-frequency (<100Hz) acoustic propagation in complex shallow elastic bottom environments. The influence law of different complex elastic bottoms on the acoustic signal propagation at very low frequency by acoustic energy flux has been analyzed with the simulation, which is based on the finite element method. The elastic bottoms which have been studied are the shallow horizontal elastic bottom, and the up-sloping and the down-sloping elastic bottom. The results show that the acoustic signal propagating in the up-sloping and down-sloping elastic bottom environments is more complex than that propagating in the horizontal elastic bottom, and the acoustic energy leaking into those elastic bottoms has very different influence on the acoustic signal propagation, especially in the up-sloping bottom.

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Guan, Ren Guo, Zhan Yong Zhao, Chao Lian, Run Ze Chao, and Chun Ming Liu. "Effects of the Parameters of Sloping Plate Process on Microstructures of A2017 Alloy." Advanced Materials Research 503-504 (April 2012): 342–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.503-504.342.

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In this paper, effects of the parameters of sloping plate process on microstructures of A2017 alloy were investigated, and semisolid ingot of A2017 alloy was prepared. The grain size of the ingot prepared by the wavelike sloping plate is much smaller than that prepared by the flat sloping plate. The primary grain becomes rounder and smaller with the increment of the sloping plate length. High preheating temperature of the plate reduces the nucleation rate of the melt and leads to coarse microstructure. When the casting temperature is 720°C, the sloping angle is 45°, and the wavelike plate length is between 400mm and 500mm, semisolid ingot of A2017 alloy with fine and homogeneous microstructures can be obtained. The reheated microstructure of semisolid ingot is mainly composed of spherical solid grains and the melted liquids and is suitable for semisolid forming.

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McConnochie, Craig D., and Ross C. Kerr. "Dissolution of a sloping solid surface by turbulent compositional convection." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 846 (May 8, 2018): 563–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2018.282.

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We examine the dissolution of a sloping solid surface driven by turbulent compositional convection. The scaling analysis presented by Kerr & McConnochie (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 765, 2015, pp. 211–228) for the dissolution of a vertical wall is extended to the case of a sloping wall. The model has no free parameters and no dependence on height. It predicts that while the interfacial temperature and interfacial composition are independent of the slope, the dissolution velocity is proportional to $\cos ^{2/3}\unicode[STIX]{x1D703}$, where $\unicode[STIX]{x1D703}$ is the angle of the sloping surface to the vertical. The analysis is tested by comparing it with laboratory measurements of the ablation of a sloping ice wall in contact with salty water. We apply the model to make predictions of the turbulent convective dissolution of a sloping ice shelf in the polar oceans.

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Shylaja, N., R. M. Ashwini, and E. R. Babu. "Seismic Analysis of Diagrid Structure on Sloping Ground." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1255, no. 1 (September 1, 2022): 012008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1255/1/012008.

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Abstract Lateral efficiency of a building is very important in high-rise buildings, when it comes to building them on sloping ground it is highly required to design the structure for wind load and earthquake loads. The diagrid structure thus provides very high lateral stability and reduces the lateral displacement of the building. In recent years the diagrid structure has attracted many researchers and scholars due to this greater structural efficiency. Diagrid structural system has evolved to be structurally the most efficient, aesthetically pleasant and highly economical. The present paper involves the study of diagrid structure on sloping ground and comparing it with the conventional system and finding the optimum angle of diagrid on different slopes of ground. A 12- storey building is used for comparing diagrid structure and conventional structure on sloping ground, a 48 storey building is used to find out the optimum angle of diagrid on sloping ground, ETABS software Is used for modelling and analysis, response spectrum method is used for analysis, the results show that diagrid structure is more efficient than conventional structure on sloping ground, and the optimum angle of diagrid lies between 60-75° on sloping ground.

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Cheng, Y. M., and S. K. Au. "Solution of the bearing capacity problem by the slip line method." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 42, no. 4 (August 1, 2005): 1232–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t05-037.

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The authors have derived the bearing capacity factor Nq on sloping ground based on the slip line method and have verified it using finite difference analysis. The bearing capacity factor Nγ on sloping ground is obtained by an iterative finite difference solution of the slip line equations, and the results are close to those from laboratory testing. Design figures for Nγ on sloping ground are prepared for rapid engineering use. For earthquake loading, the authors have applied the concept of equivalent horizontal acceleration and have derived Nq and Nγ based on slip line analysis.Key words: bearing capacity, slip line, finite difference, sloping ground, earthquake.

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Zhou, Ping, Wenhua Zhuang, Nan Zhao, Ke Fang, and Dan Zhang. "Exploring Soil Particle Size Fraction and Spatial Redistribution of 137Cs in Sloping Landscapes with Different Lynchet Heights of Terracing Hedgerows in the Remote Mountain Region of Southwestern China." Sustainability 15, no. 4 (February 14, 2023): 3532. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15043532.

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Soil erosion is a global environmental problem related to anthropogenic activities which are influenced by natural factors. The sloping cultivated lands, with serious soil erosion, constitute a significant proportion of the landscape in the remote mountain regions of southwestern China. The traditional soil conservation strategy, involving a certain height of lynchets on the edge of the terracing hedgerows of the sloping lands, plays an effective part in soil and water conservation. A typical sloping landscape with a lynchet of terracing hedgerows was chosen in this study. The objective of this study was to explore soil particle size fraction and spatial redistribution of 137Cs in sloping landscapes with different lynchet heights of terracing hedgerows. The results showed that fine-grained sediments were deposited in front of the lynchet of terracing hedgerows, especially particle sizes grouped at <0.002 mm clay and 0.002–0.02 mm silt. The 137Cs concentration profiles of the lynchet from the upper to the lower sloping landscape showed first increasing and then decreasing trends when the soil depth increased. 137Cs inventory generally increased along with the whole sloping landscapes. Moreover, the results suggested that the mean 137Cs inventory and erosion rate could be represented by the average value of the middle slope position. The highest value of annual erosion modulus reached 4917.06 t km−2 a−1 on the upper site of the sloping lands. Moreover, the annual erosion modulus was synchronously reduced from the upper to the lower sloping landscape and the erosion rate had a similar trend. Meanwhile, the K values of soil erodibility changed from 0.0338 t hm2 h (hm−2 MJ−1 mm−1) to 0.0375 t hm2 h (hm−2 MJ−1 mm−1) along the slope length. There was a logarithmic relationship between the K value and the 137Cs inventory. Therefore, it is useful to study spatial patterns of soil erosion in different slope positions with different heights of lynchet of terracing hedgerows of the whole sloping landscape. Moreover, it is important to implement a soil conservation strategy in the remote mountain regions of China.

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Dey, Subhasish. "Critical bed shear for initial movement of sediments on a combined lateral and longitudinal slope." Hydrology Research 35, no. 2 (April 1, 2004): 153–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/nh.2004.0011.

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An experimental study on critical bed shear-stress for initial movement of non-cohesive sediment particles under a steady-uniform stream flow on a combined lateral (across the flow direction) and longitudinal (streamwise direction) sloping bed is presented. The aim of this paper is to ascertain that the critical bed shear-stress on a combined lateral and longitudinal sloping bed is adequately represented by the product of critical bed shear-stress ratios for lateral and longitudinal sloping beds. Experiments were carried out with closed-conduit flow, in two ducts having a semicircular invert section, with three sizes of sediments. In laboratory flumes, the uniform flow is a difficult – if not impossible – proposition for a steeply sloping channel, and is impossible to obtain in an adversely sloping channel. To avoid this problem, the experiments were conducted with a closed-conduit flow. The critical bed shear-stresses for experimental runs were estimated from side-wall correction. The experimental data agree satisfactorily with the results obtained from the proposed formula.

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Li, Jingpei, Yaguo Zhang, Haibing Chen, and Fayun Liang. "Analytical Solutions of Spherical Cavity Expansion Near a Slope due to Pile Installation." Journal of Applied Mathematics 2013 (2013): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/306849.

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Based on the hypothesis that the penetration of a single pile can be simulated by a series of spherical cavity expansions, this paper presents an analytical solution of cavity expansion near the sloping ground. Compared with the cavity expansion in the half-space, the sloping free boundary has been taken into account as well as the horizontal free boundary. The sloping and horizontal free surfaces are considered by the introduction of a virtual image technique, the harmonic function, and the Boussinesq solution. The results show that the sloping free boundary and the variation of the inclination angle have pronounced influences on the distribution of the stress and displacement induced by the spherical cavity expansion. The present solution provides a simplified and realistic theoretical method to predict the soil behaviors around the spherical cavity near the sloping ground. The approach can also be used for the determination of the inclination angle of the slope according to the maximum permissible displacement.

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BROOKE, GARY H., DAVID J. THOMSON, and PHILIP M. WORT. "A SLOPING BOUNDARY CONDITION FOR EFFICIENT PE CALCULATIONS IN RANGE–DEPENDENT ACOUSTIC MEDIA." Journal of Computational Acoustics 04, no. 01 (March 1996): 11–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218396x96000209.

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The traditional one-way parabolic equation (PE) formulation for range-dependent layered acoustic media is modified to include effects associated with the boundary conditions along a sloping interface. Essentially, the boundary condition for continuity of the normal displacement along a sloping interface is cast in an approximate form which does not depend on range but does contain terms up to second order in the derivatives with respect to depth. The new sloping-boundary condition is then applied along an "equivalent" horizontal interface within each range-independent step of the PE. Numerical results obtained for standard test cases indicate that the sloping-boundary condition, incorporated into a one-way PE, maintains the efficiency yet improves the accuracy of forward predictions.

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Suresh, S., Joji Markose, Shruthi Eshwar, K. Rekha, and Vipin Jain. "Comparison of Platform Switched and Sloping Shoulder Implants on Stress Reduction in various Bone Densities: Finite Element Analysis." Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice 18, no. 6 (2017): 510–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10024-2075.

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ABSTRACT Introduction Comparison of platform switched (PS), sloping shoulder, and regular implants on stress reduction in various bone densities with finite element analysis. Materials and methods A total of 12 three-dimensional finite element models were built to analyze the stress distribution model. Nobel Biocare 4.3 × 8 mm regular platform replace select implant with matching diameter easy abutment, Nobel Biocare 4.3 × 8 mm replace select implant PS with 3.5 mm diameter easy abutment, Bicon 4 × 8 mm implant with 4 mm diameter sloping shoulder abutments were created virtually in compact bone density using software. The 130 N axial force and a 90 N oblique loading force were applied to the abutment to analyze the stress. Results Under horizontal and vertical loading, the sloping shoulder implant had lesser stresses in cancellous bone when compared with PS and regular implants. Sloping shoulder implant showed more stress distribution at implant–abutment interface and at crestal area, whereas with regular implants, the stresses were distributed at cortical area. Conclusion Sloping shoulder implant in subcrestal position is much favorable for bone growth, stress distribution, and preservation of remaining bone. Clinical significance Use of sloping shoulder implant design distributes the stress apically and creates lesser stresses when compared with PS implants. How to cite this article Markose J, Suresh S, Eshwar S, Rekha K, Jain V, Manvi S. Comparison of Platform Switched and Sloping Shoulder Implants on Stress Reduction in various Bone Densities: Finite Element Analysis. J Contemp Dent Pract 2017;18(6):510-515.

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Tang, Min, Wanning Li, Xiaodong Gao, Pute Wu, Hongchen Li, Qiang Ling, and Chao Zhang. "Land use affects the response of soil moisture and soil temperature to environmental factors in the loess hilly region of China." PeerJ 10 (July 14, 2022): e13736. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.13736.

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Changes in soil moisture and soil temperature result from the combined effects of several environmental factors. Scientific determination of the response characteristics of soil moisture and soil temperature to environmental factors is critical for adjusting the sloping land use structure and improving the ecological environment in China’s loess hilly region. Soybean sloping fields, maize terraced fields, jujube orchards, and grasslands in the loess hilly region were selected as the research areas. The change in characteristics of soil moisture and soil temperature, as well as their interactions and statistical relationships with meteorological factors, were analyzed using continuously measured soil moisture, soil temperature, and meteorological factors. The results revealed that air temperature and humidity were the main controlling factors affecting soil moisture changes in the 0–60 cm soil layer of soybean sloping fields and grasslands in the normal precipitation year (2014) and the dry year (2015). Humidity and wind speed were the main meteorological factors affecting soil moisture changes in the maize terraced field. Air temperature had a significant negative effect on soil moisture in the jujube orchard. Soil moisture and soil temperature were all negatively correlated under the four sloping land use types. In normal precipitation years, atmospheric humidity had the greatest direct and comprehensive effect on soil moisture in soybean sloping fields, maize terraced fields, and grasslands; soil temperature had a relatively large impact on soil moisture in jujube orchards. The direct and comprehensive effects of soil temperature on soil moisture under all sloping land use types were the largest and most negative in the dry year. Air temperature had a high correlation with soil temperature in the 0–60 cm soil layer under the four sloping land use types, and the grey relational grade decreased as the soil layer deepened. The coefficient of determination between the 0–20 cm soil temperature and air temperature in the maize terraced field was low, indicating a weak response to air temperature. The above findings can serve as a scientific foundation for optimizing sloping land use structures and maximizing the efficient and sustainable utilization of sloping land resources in China’s loess hilly region.

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Anggara, Mietra, and Irfan. "Analysis of Type Cover on Drying Rate and Moisture Content." International Journal of Science, Technology & Management 1, no. 4 (November 30, 2020): 415–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.46729/ijstm.v1i4.75.

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Seaweed is one of the marine commodities that has high economic value and benefits for humans, because seaweed can be processed into basic food ingredients and various types of products such as seaweed lunkhead, gelatin, cosmetic medicines and so on. The post-harvest handling process for the Papuan community, Kec. Taliwang, West Sumbawa Regency (NTB) is still done traditionally so natural drying usually takes a long time because the temperature and energy depend on sunlight. This will lead to a decline in the quality of seaweed products because temperature and energy depend on sunlight. One of the efforts to improve the quality of seaweed production is to reduce the water content, the maximum water content limit, which meets SNI 25% - 50%. In this study, four forms of cover were used, namely the cover form of a single oblique solar dryer, the cover form of the taper solar dryer, the cover form of the double slanted solar dryer, the cover form of the rectangular prism solar dryer. The peak drying rate lies on a double sloping cover of 0.40 g / minute, a taper cover of 0.37 g / minute, a rectangular prism cover of 0.34 g / minute and a single sloping cover of 0.30 g / minute. The hot peaks that are useful are located on a double sloping cover of 3.82 Watt, a taper cover of 2.80 Watt, a rectangular prism cover of 2.09 Watt and a single cover of 0.46 Watt. The peak of efficiency lies in the double sloping cover of 8.57%, taper cover of 6.28%, rectangular prism cover of 4.69% and single sloping cover of 2.28%. The peak of seaweed residual water content lies on a double sloping cover of 13.21%, a taper cover of 19.61%, a rectangular prism cover of 25.73 and a double sloping cover of 27.75%. This shows that drying using double sloping covers is more effective and efficient, so it can accelerate the drying rate and can increase the selling price of seaweed for seaweed farmers in Kertasari Village, Taliwang District, West Sumbawa (NTB).

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27

Døving, Aksel. "Bratte skreder eller sloping screes." Naturen 133, no. 03 (August 21, 2009): 167–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.18261/issn1504-3118-2009-03-05.

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28

Swamee, Prabhata K., Govinda C. Mishra, and Adel A. S. Salem. "Optimal Design of Sloping Weir." Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering 122, no. 4 (July 1996): 248–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9437(1996)122:4(248).

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29

Alexander, R. McNeill. "Leaning trees on sloping ground." Nature 386, no. 6623 (March 1997): 327–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/386327a0.

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30

Hope, R. L., P. A. Jacobs, and R. N. Roth. "Rapid prototyping with sloping surfaces." Rapid Prototyping Journal 3, no. 1 (March 1997): 12–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/13552549710169246.

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31

Ohtsu, Iwao, and Youichi Yasuda. "Hydraulic Jump in Sloping Channels." Journal of Hydraulic Engineering 117, no. 7 (July 1991): 905–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9429(1991)117:7(905).

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32

Gunal, Mustafa, and Rangaswami Narayanan. "Hydraulic Jump in Sloping Channels." Journal of Hydraulic Engineering 122, no. 8 (August 1996): 436–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9429(1996)122:8(436).

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33

Hager, Willi H. "B-jump in sloping channel." Journal of Hydraulic Research 26, no. 5 (October 1988): 539–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00221688809499192.

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34

Ohtsu, Iwao, and Youichi Yasuda. "B-Jump In Sloping Channel." Journal of Hydraulic Research 28, no. 1 (January 1990): 105–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00221689009499150.

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35

Atkinson, G. T., and Y. Wu. "Smoke control in sloping tunnels." Fire Safety Journal 27, no. 4 (November 1996): 335–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0379-7112(96)00061-6.

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36

Tolstoy, A. "Haro Strait geometry (sloping bottom)." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 120, no. 3 (September 2006): 1335–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.2214174.

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37

Fang, Yung-Show, Jiung-Ming Chen, and Cheng-Yu Chen. "Earth Pressures with Sloping Backfill." Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering 123, no. 3 (March 1997): 250–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)1090-0241(1997)123:3(250).

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38

Onyejekwe, O. O. "Subsurface drainage of sloping lands." Engineering Analysis with Boundary Elements 23, no. 7 (July 1999): 619–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0955-7997(99)00008-9.

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39

Keys, Richard, and Perry W. Grigsby. "Gapping fields on sloping surfaces." International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics 18, no. 5 (May 1990): 1183–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0360-3016(90)90456-t.

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40

Kallinen, Johanna, Pekka Laippala, Esa Laurikainen, and Reidar Grénman. "Sudden Deafness: A Comparison of Anticoagulant Therapy and Carbogen Inhalation Therapy." Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology 106, no. 1 (January 1997): 22–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000348949710600104.

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Sudden deafness (SD) is a sudden or rapidly progressive, partial or complete, typically unilateral sensorineural hearing impairment that has no known specific etiologic factor. This study was designed to compare, in a group of 168 consecutive patients with SD, the effect of anticoagulant therapy and carbogen inhalation therapy. Special attention was paid to the shape of the audiogram relative to the clinical outcome and the treatment modality. We found that the configuration of the audiogram of SD patients is prognostic of the outcome, and that patients with a low-frequency—sloping hearing impairment have a better prognosis compared to the patients with a high-sloping loss. Anticoagulant treatment was most effective in low-sloping hearing losses, while carbogen inhalation may be more effective for patients with high-sloping hearing losses.

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41

Koshal, Rajindar K., Manjulika Koshal, and Beth Marino. "High school dropouts: a case of negatively sloping supply and positively sloping demand curves." Applied Economics 27, no. 8 (August 1, 1995): 751–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00036849500000065.

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42

Hsu, Tai-Wen, Jian-Wu Lai, and Yuan-Jyh Lan. "EXPERIMENTAL AND NUMERICAL STUDIES ON WAVE PROPAGATION OVER COARSE GRAINED SLOPING BEACH." Coastal Engineering Proceedings 1, no. 32 (January 25, 2011): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v32.waves.26.

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In this paper, the hydrodynamics and turbulence on wave propagation over coarse grained sloping beach is investigated by both experimental and numerical methods. The coarse grained sloping beach was conducted over a 1:5 smooth inclined bottom with two layers of spherical balls. A set of newly and rarely experimental data for the distribution and evolution of the wave and velocity field over porous sloping beach were measured in this study. The particle image velocimetry (PIV) and digital image process (DIP) techniques are employed to measure the flow field and free surface both inside and outside regions for a coarse grain porous sloping bed. Eleven fields of views (FOVs) were integrated to represent the global results converting the entire propagating waves from the outer to the inner surf zones and swash zones. In addition, a high-resolution CCD Camera was constructed to capture wave propagating images continuously. Subsequent digital image processing (DIP) techniques that including image enhancement, coordinate transformation, edge detection and sub-pixel concept for resolution advancement were developed to analysis the image and get the information of wave motions. In this experimental study, the PIV and DIP techniques offer a possibility for measuring full scale spatio-temporal information of the wave motions and velocity field within / without the porous sloping bed without instructive instrument. Furthermore, the FLOW-3D which based on the Navier-Stokes equations was adopted for CFD computations. The direct three-dimensional simulations were employed for simulating wave profile and velocity field for the sloping beach. Numerical results were favorably compared with experiments to examine the validity of the model. According to the comparison of the wave and velocity data of hydraulic physical model with computational results, the direct three-dimensional simulations method can offer results much agreement with the experimental data in the global regions. The results showed that direct three-dimensional simulations can resolve the wave and velocity profile more complete and reasonable descriptions from outer to the inner porous layer and it is true no matter in the surf zone, swash zone and within the porous layer. Moreover, according to the experimental analysis, the process of the turbulence characteristics of the maximum turbulent kinetic energy, turbulent kinetic energy dissipation rate and turbulence intensity occurred between the toe of breaker and surface of porous layer. In addition, general discussion of hydrodynamics and turbulence on wave propagation over coarse grained sloping beach and impermeable sloping bed were investigated with the results of direct three-dimensional simulations in this study. The results showed that wave propagation over coarse grained sloping beach effects the breaker types in the shallow water, i.e. the steepening and overturning of the front face due to plunging breaker over impermeable sloping beach becomes indistinctively and the breaker type transform into the collapsing type. Besides, the dissipation of wave energy due to the role of infiltration and friction are significant differences from surf zone to swash zone between the coarse grained and impermeable sloping beach.

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43

Vera, Leonardo. "The Distribution of Power and the Inflation-Unemployment Relationship in the United States: A Post-Keynesian Approach." Review of Radical Political Economics 49, no. 2 (December 23, 2015): 265–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0486613415621743.

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This paper presents a theoretical explanation for the enigmatic discontinuity of the relationship between inflation and unemployment that has registered the U.S. economy since the early 1950s onwards. I argue that by distinguishing between two different historical episodes after World War II, the Golden Age and the Age of Decline, some insights in the Phillips curve puzzle can be gained and the analysis helps us to substantiate the existence of both downward sloping and upward sloping species of the curve. The regime change is illustrated here by building on a commonly used Post-Keynesian model of distribution and growth, which is enhanced to allow for an inflation process based on a conflicting claims approach and a growth rate form of Okun’s law. The model shows that the long-run Phillips curve can be either downward-sloping or upward-sloping, conditioned to the distribution of market power between business and labor.

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44

Yao, Yiwen, Quanhou Dai, Ruxue Gao, Yixian Gan, and Xingsong Yi. "Effects of rainfall intensity on runoff and nutrient loss of gently sloping farmland in a karst area of SW China." PLOS ONE 16, no. 3 (March 18, 2021): e0246505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0246505.

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Nutrient losses from sloping farmland in karst areas lead to the decline in land productivity and nonpoint source pollution. A specially tailored steel channel with an adjustable slope and underground hole fissures was used to simulate the microenvironment of the "dual structure" of the surface and underground of sloping farmland in a karst area. The artificial rainfall simulation method was used to explore the surface and underground runoff characteristics and nutrient losses from sloping farmland under different rainfall intensities. The effect of rainfall intensity on the nutrient loss of farmland on karst sloping land was clarified. The results showed that the surface was the main route of runoff and nutrient loss during the rainy season on sloping farmland in karst areas. The influence of rainfall intensity on the nutrients in surface runoff was more substantial than that on underground runoff nutrients. Nutrient loss was more likely to occur underground than on the surface. The losses of total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and total potassium in surface and underground runoff initially increased and then gradually stabilized with the extension of rainfall duration and increased with increasing rainfall intensity and the amount of nutrient runoff. The output of nutrients through surface runoff accounted for a high proportion of the total, and underground runoff was responsible for a low proportion. Although the amount of nutrients output by underground runoff was small, it could directly cause groundwater pollution. The research results provide a theoretical reference for controlling land source pollution from sloping farming in karst areas.

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45

Bisset, David A., and T. S. Durrani. "Radon transform migration below plane sloping layers." GEOPHYSICS 55, no. 3 (March 1990): 277–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1442835.

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A Radon transform mapping is developed which allows correct migration below plane sloping layers to be achieved. The mapping, which is the P-τ equivalent of a Fourier transform mapping, consists of p shifting and weighting. The effect of the mapping is to move the recording plane to a sloping interface. Migration then becomes conventional migration in a horizontally layered medium. Breaking the process into a sequence of steps gives a high level of insight into this particular wave‐field‐extrapolation problem. Applying the Radon transform mapping to a synthetic example of migration below a sloping layer produces excellent results. However, the method is accurate only for planar reflectors.

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46

Chauhan, Anjeet Singh, and Rajiv Banerjee. "Seismic Analysis of Irregular Building on Hilly Area." Journal of Mechanical and Construction Engineering (JMCE) 1, no. 1 (April 3, 2021): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.54060/jmce/001.01.003.

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The RC buildings' construction has increased in the preferred location of north & eastern hilly areas during the last few decades due to population increase, urbanization, and tourists. The buildings located in the hilly areas are more susceptible to seismic loading as compared to the location of the flat surface building. The shape of the building on the sloping ground differs from the flat surface situated buildings. So, the construction of the building on hilly areas are irregular both vertically & horizontally, thus this type of building is susceptible to severe damage when applied to the seismic condition. The column of the base storey having unequal height due to sloping ground. In this study, the behaviour of a 10 storey stepback building with mass and diaphragm irregularity on the sloping ground is analysed in seismic zone V by Response Spectrum. The analysis of the building is carried out by Etabs software as per IS 1893:2016 to compare the building based on their dynamic response and also identify the vulnerability frame in the sloping ground.

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47

Güven, A., M. Günal, and A. Çevik. "Prediction of pressure fluctuations on sloping stilling basins." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 33, no. 11 (November 1, 2006): 1379–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l06-101.

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Various types of hydraulic jump occurring on horizontal and sloping channels have been analyzed experimentally, theoretically, and numerically and the results are available in the literature. In this study, artificial neural network models were developed to simulate the mean pressure fluctuations beneath a hydraulic jump occurring on sloping stilling basins. Multilayers feed a forward neural network with a back-propagation learning algorithm to model the pressure fluctuations beneath such a type of hydraulic jump (B-jump). An explicit formula that predicts the mean pressure fluctuation in terms of the characteristics that contribute most to the hydraulic jump occurring on the sloping basins is presented. The proposed neural network models are compared with linear and nonlinear regression models that were developed using considered physical parameters. The results of the neural network modelling are found to be superior to the regression models and are in good agreement with the experimental results due to relatively small values of error (mean absolute percentage error).Key words: neural networks, pressure fluctuation, hydraulic jump, sloping stilling basin, explicit NN formulation, regression analysis.

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48

Jin, Kai Chao, Li Juan Chen, and Lan Ying Zhao. "Cause Analysis and Improvement Measures of Sloping Roof Leakage." Applied Mechanics and Materials 405-408 (September 2013): 45–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.405-408.45.

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the project is the 12 layer framework of cast-in-place reinforced concrete building roof, the C30 reinforced concrete sloping roof, slope, slope length of a bidirectional level in two forms, a gradient of about 35 °, sloping roof horizontal projection area of about 7200m2, with exhaust gas wells, gutter, roof structure is relatively complex.

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49

Song, Ren Bo, Ya Ping Li, Yong Jin Wang, and Peng Wang. "Effects of Inclined Plate Angle and Length on Semi-Solid Microstructure of Martensitic Stainless Steel." Solid State Phenomena 217-218 (September 2014): 412–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.217-218.412.

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An experimental equipment with inclined plate cooling and shearing had been developed to prepare semi-solid 9Cr18 martensitic stainless steel slurry. The effects of inclined plate angel and length on microstructures refinement and spheroidization in semi-solid 9Cr18 alloy was investigated. The results show that when the molten alloy is flowing along the plate surface, the microstructure of the alloy involves from coarse dendrite to fine spherical grains, the sloping plate can provide sufficiently the undercooling for nucleation and lay a foundation for heterogeneous nucleation to form lots of nuclei of crystal internally and on the sloping plate surface, thus causing the melt to nucleate eruptively. Sloping plate angle and sloping plate length can affect the shear strength and shear time of the flow alloy on the sloping plate and thus influence alloy microstructure. Fine spherical grain in the semi-solid 9Cr18 slurry can be obtained at α=45°and L=600mm, the major grain equivalent diameters are less than 55μm and more than 40% of the grain shape factor is in 0.75, exhibiting better grain fine degree and roundness. Using energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) to investigate the liquid and solid phase in the 9Cr18 semi-solid slurry, iron content is lower and carbon and chromium content is higher in the liquid phase than in the solid phase which makes it possible to prepare the FGM (functional gradient material) with a high wear resistance in the surface and a good strength and toughness in the center.

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50

Viero, Daniele, Paolo Peruzzo, and Andrea Defina. "Positive Surge Propagation in Sloping Channels." Water 9, no. 7 (July 13, 2017): 518. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w9070518.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Sloping'

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