Journal articles on the topic 'Slope'
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I. A. Ahmed, Abdalla, Ibrahim M. Eldoma, Elsadig ElMahdi A. H. Elaagip, and Fujiang Hou. "Effects of Indigenous Cultivation Practices on Soil Conservation in the Hilly Semiarid Areas of Western Sudan." Water 12, no. 6 (May 29, 2020): 1554. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12061554.
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In dry regions, it is customary for farmers to use soil water conservation and/or water harvesting techniques. These practices have now become applicable to agriculturalists combating the adverse effects of drought on food production. In the semiarid areas of Zalingei in western Sudan, we quantified the soil erosion using traditional conservation measures, and conducted experiments in two consecutive rainy seasons (2013 and 2014). A split-split plot design was used to quantify the respective influences of each variable on reducing soil erosion: A) three gentle gradients (Slope1 (0.98%), Slope2 (1.81%), and Slope3 (3.1%)); B) two cropping systems (mono-crop and mixed-crops); and C) five indigenous conservation tillage practices—chisel ploughing (CHP), cross slope tied bonding (CSTB), contour ridge with stone bonds (CRSB), cross slope bonding (CSB), and zero tillage (ZT). Our results showed that there were significant differences between the slopes in season 2 (2014); the soil eroded at Slope3 was more than that of Slope1 and Slope2 by 71% and 27%, respectively. Over two seasons, there were no significant differences between the cropping systems. Conversely, the erosion level observed with CHP was higher than with the other practices. However, the CSTB and CSB erosion levels were only higher in season 2 when compared with those of CRSB and ZT. The study concluded that under the above conditions, the rate of soil erosion was severe and exceeded the erosion tolerance. Based on these results, in western Sudan, CRSB and ZT may be the more effective indigenous conservation practices for the protection of agricultural soils and productivity.
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Shen, Y., R. Lindenbergh, B. Hofland, and R. Kramer. "CHANGE ANALYSIS OF LASER SCANS OF LABORATORY ROCK SLOPES SUBJECT TO WAVE ATTACK TESTING." ISPRS Annals of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences IV-2/W4 (September 13, 2017): 139–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-annals-iv-2-w4-139-2017.
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For better understanding how coastal structures with gentle slopes behave during high energy events, a wave attack experiment representing a storm of 3000 waves was performed in a flume facility. Two setups with different steepness of slope were compared under the same conditions. In order to quantify changes in the rock slopes after the wave attack, a terrestrial laser scanner was used to obtain 3D coordinates of the rock surface before and after each experiment. Next, through a series of processing steps, the point clouds were converted to a suitable 2D raster for change analysis. This allowed to estimate detailed and quantitative change information. The results indicate that the area around the artificial coast line, defined as the intersection between sloped surface and wave surface, is most strongly affected by wave attacks. As the distances from the sloped surface to the waves are shorter, changes for the mildly sloped surface, slope 1 (1 : 10), are distributed over a larger area compared to the changes for the more steeply sloped surface, slope 2 (1 : 5). The results of this experiment show that terrestrial laser scanning is an effective and feasible method for change analysis of rock slopes in a laboratory setting. Most striking results from a process point of view is that the transport direction of the rocks change between the two different slopes: from seaward transport for the steeper slope to landward transport for the milder slope.
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Friday, Sara. "Writing Slopes: Folding Slope." Physiotherapy 74, no. 7 (July 1988): 346. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0031-9406(10)63261-0.
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Burt, T. P. "Slopes and slope processes." Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment 9, no. 4 (December 1985): 582–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030913338500900405.
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Burt, T. P. "Slopes and slope processes." Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment 10, no. 4 (December 1986): 547–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030913338601000404.
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Burt, T. P. "Slopes and slope processes." Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment 11, no. 4 (December 1987): 598–611. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030913338701100408.
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Burt, T. P. "Slopes and slope processes." Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment 12, no. 4 (December 1988): 583–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030913338801200405.
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Allison, Robert J. "Slopes and slope processes." Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment 14, no. 3 (September 1990): 373–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030913339001400305.
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Allison, Robert J. "Slopes and slope processes." Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment 15, no. 4 (December 1991): 423–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030913339101500405.
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Allison, Robert J. "Slopes and slope processes." Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment 17, no. 1 (March 1993): 92–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030913339301700108.
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Allison, Robert J. "Slopes and slope processes." Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment 18, no. 3 (September 1994): 425–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030913339401800309.
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Allison, Robert J. "Slopes and slope processes." Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment 19, no. 2 (June 1995): 265–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030913339501900208.
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Allison, Robert J. "Slopes and slope processes." Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment 20, no. 4 (December 1996): 453–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030913339602000405.
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Despite suggestions (see Wolman, 1995, for example) that problem-solving in physical geography relies increasingly on interactions between research and application, there is abundant evidence in hillslope studies of research focused on both real-world problems and aimed at generating new knowledge. A study of mass movement patterns (Flagollet, 1996) illustrates application, by examining hazard associated with spatial and temporal variations in landslide activity. Understanding the principle of dynamic equilibrium is, on the other hand, examined and verified using quantitative DEM data (Chandler and Brunsden, 1995) from sequential air photographs for a landslide complex at Black Ven, Dorset, UK. Some studies crosscut applied and basic research. Hazard assessment is one example, where Crozier (1996) uses past temporal records to address magnitude, fre quency and risk issues through the determination of trigger mechanisms and thresholds, rather than simply ranking terrain unit hazard susceptibility.
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Wang, Yanping, Liangxiao Xiong, Hanqiang Wang, Xiangpeng Ji, and Guang Zheng. "Study on the influence of slope shape with numerical calculation models on slope safety during slope excavation." PLOS ONE 18, no. 12 (December 14, 2023): e0292461. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0292461.
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Under the influence of natural weathering and excavation in human engineering, slopes in nature have various slope shapes. In human engineering activities, the stability of different types of slopes formed by manual excavation must be affected by multiple factors such as geologic setting, lithology and environment. Therefore, to understand the impact of slope shape, geologic setting, and other conditions on slope stability of artificial slopes, calculation models for straight slope, concave slope, and convex slope are constructed based on the three slope shape characteristics. By changing the angles of upward and downward slope angles and analysing the parameters of slope shape, joint spacing, and joint angle, discrete element software is used to calculate the slope safety factor. The calculation results show that the slope shape, joint spacing, and joint inclination affect the safety of slopes. In straight slopes with large joint spacing, the smaller the slope angle, the greater the safety factor. However, in the interval of small joint spacing, the safety coefficient of slopes with slight joint inclination has the opposite variation characteristics. When a<90°, the straight slope has a dominant joint inclination angle that minimises the slope safety factor. In concave slopes, the more concave the slope shape is, the smaller the safety factor is; For concave slopes with small joint spacing, the slope with slight joint inclination has a more significant safety factor; Under the condition of large joint spacing, there is a dominant joint inclination in the joint inclination range of 30° to 70° for concave slopes, which minimises the safety factor of the slope. In convex slopes, the smaller the joint inclination angle of the slope, the smaller the safety factor of the slope, and the smaller the upslope angle of the slope, the greater the safety factor of the slope.
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Jia, Chunfeng, Baoping Sun, Xinxiao Yu, and Xiaohui Yang. "Analysis of Runoff and Sediment Losses from a Sloped Roadbed under Variable Rainfall Intensities and Vegetation Conditions." Sustainability 12, no. 5 (March 8, 2020): 2077. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12052077.
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Vegetation plays an important role in reducing soil erosion. By exploring the allocation and coverage of different types of vegetation, we can improve management practices that can significantly reduce soil erosion. In this experiment, we study runoff and sediment losses on a shrub-grass planted, grass planted, and bare slope under different rainfall intensities. Results showed that the runoff generation time for the three subgrade types decreased as rainfall intensity increased (p < 0.05). The slopes planted with either grass or shrub-grass were able to effectively delay runoff generation. As rainfall intensity increased, the runoff amount increased for all treatments, with runoff in the bare slope increasing the most. The runoff reduction rate from the shrub-grass slope ranged from 54.20% to 63.68%, while the reduction rate from the slope only planted with grass ranged from 38.59% to 55.37%. The sediment yield from the bare slope increased from 662.66 g/m2 (15 mm/h) to 2002.95 g/m2 (82 mm/h) with increasing rainfall intensity in the plot. When compared with the bare slope, both the shrub-grass and planted grass slopes were able to retain an additional 0.9 g/m2 to 4.9 g/m2 of sediment, respectively. An accurate relationship between rainfall intensity, sloped vegetation types, and runoff reduction rate was obtained by regression analysis and validated. These results can provide a reference for improving soil and water conservation via improved vegetation allocation on a sloped roadbed.
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Cui, Ge, Thejesh Kumar Garala, Naman Kantesaria, Nhat-Phi Doan, Charles M. Heron, Alec M. Marshall, and Koushik Halder. "Centrifuge modelling of spoil slopes within pit-lake mine reclamations." Górnictwo Odkrywkowe LXIII, no. 3 (October 4, 2022): 23–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0053.8046.
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Pit lakes are a common form of reclamation of areas where open pit mining activities have taken place. The development of these lakes often uses previous overburden materials, or “spoils”, that are readily available. Depending on the local geology, these spoil materials can contain large proportions of high-plasticity clays, which poses challenges in terms of the analysis and design of the sloped banks constructed to form new lakes. This paper describes a study in which geotechnical centrifuge modelling was used to investigate the stability and performance, in terms of accumulated displacements over cycles of lowering and raising the lake water elevation, of slopes constructed with a high-plasticity clay. A “replica-spoil” material was used in the tests to replicate key characteristics of spoil materials from known spoil heaps in Europe. The paper describes the centrifuge models and testing procedure developed for the tests, as well as the challenges encountered with the use of the high-plasticity clay. Two slope angles were tested: a 15 slope to match the typical slopes at a known field site, and a steeper 24 slope. Pore pressures within the slope were measured over several cycles of lake water elevation change. Slope displacements were measured using local transducers placed at the slope crest and toe, as well as using a PIV image analysis technique. The slopes were shown to experience plastic deformations, with displacements accumulating over subsequent cycles of lake water level change. The 24 slope developed slightly larger accumulated displacements than the 15 slope, though neither slope showed signs of ultimate collapse. Results from the centrifuge tests provide invaluable data which can be used for the verification of numerical models considering similar stability scenarios.
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Blenkinsop, Glen M., Ying Liang, Nicholas J. Gallimore, and Michael J. Hiley. "The Effect of Uphill and Downhill Slopes on Weight Transfer, Alignment, and Shot Outcome in Golf." Journal of Applied Biomechanics 34, no. 5 (October 1, 2018): 361–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jab.2017-0310.
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The aim of the study was to examine changes in weight transfer, alignment, and shot outcome during golf shots from flat, uphill, and downhill slopes. Twelve elite male golfers hit 30 shots with a 6-iron from a computer-assisted rehabilitation environment used to create 5° slopes while collecting 3-dimensional kinematics and kinetics of the swing. A launch monitor measured performance outcomes. A shift in the center of pressure was found throughout the swing when performed on a slope, with the mean position moving approximately 9% closer to the lower foot. The golfers attempted to remain perpendicular to the slope, resulting in weight transfer toward the lower foot. The golfers adopted a wider stance in the sloped conditions and moved the ball toward the higher foot at address. Ball speed was not significantly affected by the slope, but launch angle and ball spin were. As the coaching literature predicted, golfers were more likely to hit shots to the left from an uphill slope and to the right from a downhill slope. No consistent compensatory adjustments in alignment at address or azimuth were found, with the change in final shot dispersion resulting from the lateral spin of the ball.
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Badgujar, Chetan M., Daniel Flippo, Edwin Brokesh, and Stephen Welch. "Experimental Investigation on Traction, Mobility, and Energy Usage of a Tracked Autonomous Ground Vehicle on a Sloped Soil Bin." Journal of the ASABE 65, no. 4 (2022): 835–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/ja.14860.
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HighlightsLaying the groundwork for AGV mobility models for high slope terrain operations.AGV drawbar pull performance was evaluated on a level terrain, uphill, and downhill slopes up to 18° on a soil bin.AGV generates the optimum power efficiency with enough drawbar pull to perform a range of agricultural operations on uphill and downhill slopes up to 18°.Explored the suitability and established the boundary conditions of small size ground vehicles on the high slope farming.Generated sloped traction data would empower the multi-AGV system on sloped terrain.Abstract. Excessive steepness of grasslands, hills, or uneven terrain presents difficulties for farming with large conventional equipment. Therefore, a fleet of Autonomous Ground Vehicles (AGV) is proposed to perform primary agricultural operations on high sloped hills or terrain. However, it is imperative to understand how an individual AGV functions on sloping terrain under varying load and speed. Hence, this study aims to investigate the traction, mobility, and energy consumption characteristics of AGV on a sloped soil bin environment. A drawbar pull performance of the prototype AGV was evaluated on a level terrain and variable slope of 10° and 18°, both uphill and downhill, at varying drawbar pull (P) and AGV speed. The AGV’s performance metrics include power efficiency (PE), travel reduction (TR), and power number (PN) which relates to AGV’s traction, mobility, and energy usage, respectively. The AGV generated drawbar pull equivalent to its weight only on downhill run for reduced PE. On a level terrain (0°), the peak PE was 0.20 and was found to be 108.3% and 328.6% higher on 10° and 18° downhill run than uphill with 55.5% and 133% increase in drawbar pull, respectively. Both applied drawbar pull and uphill operation caused the AGV’s TR. The TR, corresponding to a peak PE, increased from 10% to 30%, respectively, on 0° and both 10° and 18° uphill. The optimum values of power number ranged from 2 to 4. The AGV delivers the optimum PE and generates enough drawbar pull with an optimum TR to perform a range of agricultural operations on a slope up to 18°. This study explored the suitability and established the boundary conditions of small size ground vehicles for high-sloped farming. Besides this, the study also aims to generate an AGV’s slope traction database to optimize its control variables, design optimization, and develop a mobility model for sloped terrain. Keywords: Drawbar pull, Ground vehicle, Multi-AGV fleet, Power efficiency, Slope, Travel reduction.
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Soehady Erfen, Hennie Fitria Wulandary, and Amirul Adlie bin Mohd Rosli. "SLOPE STABILITY ASSESSMENT USING MODIFIED D-SLOPE METHOD OF WESTERN PART OF SANDAKAN, SABAH." Geological Behavior 4, no. 1 (March 4, 2020): 13–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.26480/gbr.01.2020.13.17.
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Slope stability assessment using modified D-Slope method is been conducted on five (5) rock slopes from Sandakan, Sabah. D-slope method comprises of G-Rating determination and Potential Instability. G-Rating includes 17 parameters of field observation and laboratory analysis to assess the slope condition. Kinematic analysis is used for Potential Instability analysis to determine the type of failures for each slope. This later is to determine the level of slope’s risk: No Risk, Low Risk, Moderate Risk or High Risk. Based on the results of G-Rating, only slope C1 and C2 have value more than 0.4 while other slopes have less than 0.4 which indicates stable slopes. Based on kinematic analysis, slope C1 and C3 experienced wedge failures, slope C4 with toppling failure, slope C5 with wedge/planar failures and no failure shown for slope C2. D-slope analysis indicates that slope C1 is considered as Low Risk with mitigation suggestions of stream system inspection and vegetation on exposed area of the slopes, while other slopes (C2, C3, C4 and C5) have no suggestion for mitigation as been assessed as No Risk.
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Bakri, Suriyanto, Hardianto, Hasbi Bakri, and Andi Fadli Heriansyah. "The Effect of Slope Slope on the Distribution of Nickel Laterite at PT Sentratama Karya Cemerlang, South Konawe Regency, Southeast Sulawesi Province." Journal of Geology and Exploration 2, no. 2 (December 30, 2023): 42–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.58227/jge.v2i2.108.
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The Morphology That Develops In The Study Area Consists Of Undulating Hills. Based On The Results Of The Slope Analysis, The Research Area Is Divided Into Several Slope Classes, Namely Flat Slopes, Gentle Slopes, Sloping Slopes And Steep Slopes. The Process Of Forming Laterite Nickel Deposits Will Be Greatly Influenced By The Slope Conditions. In The Research Area, Slopes That Have A High Percent Slope, The Thickness Of The Deposits That Will Be Formed Will Be Thinner, Ranging From 6-12 Meters, On The Other Hand, Slopes That Have A Low Percent Slope, The Thickness Of The Deposits That Will Be Formed Will Be Thicker, Ranging From 18-30 Meters. Therefore, This Study Aims To Determine The Effect Of Slope On The Distribution Of Nickel Laterite, Namely To Determine The Slope Of The Slope On Nickel Laterite At Pt Sentratama Karya Cemerlang, Laeya District, South Konawe Regency, Southeast Sulawesi Province
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Cruden, D. M., K. H. Tedder, and S. Thomson. "Setbacks from the crests of slopes along the North Saskatchewan River, Alberta." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 26, no. 1 (February 1, 1989): 64–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t89-007.
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Setbacks from the crests of slopes along the North Saskatchewan River valley between Edmonton and Fort Saskatchewan can be estimated from the ultimate angle of the slope and the rate of lateral river erosion. The ultimate slope angle depends on the slope stratigraphy and the position of the water table in the slope. Three slopes, in overburden, with a bedrock base and dominantly in bedrock, typically having groundwater tables at respectively the toe of the slope, halfway up the slope, and at the lower quarter of the slope height, are studied. Theoretical estimates of the ultimate slope angle in each type, from infinite slope analysis and from charts, agree with observations of the inclinations of abandoned slopes along the river valley. The procedure recommended presents a rational estimation of setback distances without extensive site investigations. Key words: setback, slope, ultimate angle, abandoned slopes, river erosion.
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Telhan, Gaurav, Jason R. Franz, Jay Dicharry, Robert P. Wilder, Patrick O. Riley, and D. Casey Kerrigan. "Lower Limb Joint Kinetics During Moderately Sloped Running." Journal of Athletic Training 45, no. 1 (January 1, 2010): 16–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-45.1.16.
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Abstract Context: Knowledge of the kinetic changes that occur during sloped running is important in understanding the adaptive gait-control mechanisms at work and can provide additional information about the poorly understood relationship between injury and changes in kinetic forces in the lower extremity. A study of these potential kinetic changes merits consideration, because training and return-to-activity programs are potentially modifiable factors for tissue stress and injury risk. Objective: To contribute further to the understanding of hill running by quantifying the 3-dimensional alterations in joint kinetics during moderately sloped decline, level, and incline running in a group of healthy runners. Design: Crossover study. Setting: Three-dimensional motion analysis laboratory. Patients or Other Participants: Nineteen healthy young runners/joggers (age = 25.3 ± 2.5 years). Intervention(s): Participants ran at 3.13 m/s on a treadmill under the following 3 different running-surface slope conditions: 4° decline, level, and 4° incline. Main Outcome Measure(s): Lower extremity joint moments and powers and the 3 components of the ground reaction force. Results: Moderate changes in running-surface slope had a minimal effect on ankle, knee, and hip joint kinetics when velocity was held constant. Only changes in knee power absorption (increased with decline-slope running) and hip power (increased generation on incline-slope running and increased absorption on decline-slope running in early stance) were noted. We observed an increase only in the impact peak of the vertical ground reaction force component during decline-slope running, whereas the nonvertical components displayed no differences. Conclusions: Running style modifications associated with running on moderate slopes did not manifest as changes in 3-dimensional joint moments or in the active peaks of the ground reaction force. Our data indicate that running on level and moderately inclined slopes appears to be a safe component of training regimens and return-to-run protocols after injury.
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Wang, Feichao, Guoce Xu, Lin Li, Zhanbin Li, Peng Li, Jianwen Zhang, and Yuting Cheng. "Response Relationship between Microtopographic Variation and Slope Erosion under Sand-Cover." Water 11, no. 12 (November 26, 2019): 2488. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11122488.
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Slope microtopography is an important factor that affects the process of slope erosion. We quantified the responses between microtopography and the amount of erosion on overland sand slope and loess slopes through an indoor artificial simulated rainfall experiment. Three continuous rainfall tests under 1.5 mm/min rain intensity were used to analyze the spatial variation of slope microtopography and soil erosion with three-dimensional laser scanning technology. Our results show that under 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 cm sand-covered slopes, the runoff time of the first rainfall is delayed by 18, 19, and 23 min, respectively, compared with the loess slope. Furthermore, the average sediment concentration on the slope decreased with subsequent rainfall events. The total erosion of the slope under 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 cm sand was 4.24, 3.57, and 5.40 times that of the loess slope, respectively. The erosion of the sand-covered slopes was much larger than that of the loess slope. The length of the main sand production area was about 2.4 times that of the loess slope and the peaks of the erosion amount of the slope were mostly distributed in the lower part of the slope. As the rainfall progressed, the microtopographic factors of the loess slopes increased significantly (p < 0.05), and the microtopographic factors of the sand slopes increased, but not significantly (p > 0.05). We found that the microtopographic factors with the strongest erosion responses to the loess slope and the sand-covered slope were surface incision and surface roughness. The response relationship between microtopographic variation and erosion of the loess slope was stronger than the sand-covered slope, and suggests that other, unaccounted-for factors may be affecting the erosion of sand-covered slopes. This study provides a reference for erosion mechanisms of the wind–water erosion crisscross region.
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Liu, Hanxiang, Tong Qiu, and Qiang Xu. "Dynamic acceleration response of a rock slope with a horizontal weak interlayer in shaking table tests." PLOS ONE 16, no. 4 (April 21, 2021): e0250418. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0250418.
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The weak interlayer in a rock slope often plays a significant role in seismic rockslides; however, the effect of weak interlayer on the seismic slope response and damage process is still not fully understood. This study presents a series of shaking test tests on two model slopes containing a horizontal weak interlayer with different thicknesses. A recorded Wenchuan earthquake ground motion was scaled to excite the slopes. Measurements from accelerometers embedded at different elevations of slope surface and slope interior were analyzed and compared. The effect of the weak interlayer thickness on the seismic response was highlighted by a comparative analysis of the two slopes in terms of topographic amplification, peak accelerations, and deformation characteristics as the input amplitude increased. It was found that the structure deterioration and nonlinear response of the slopes were manifested as a time lag of the horizontal accelerations in the upper slope relative to the lower slope and a reduction of resonant frequency and Fourier spectral ratio. Test results show that under horizontal acceleration, both slopes exhibited significant topographic amplification in the upper half, and the difference in amplification between slope face and slope interior was more pronounced in Slope B (with a thin weak interlayer) than in Slope A (with a thick weak interlayer). A four-phased dynamic response process of both slopes was observed. Similar deformation characteristics including development of strong response zone and macro-cracks, vertical settlement, horizontal extrusion and collapse in the upper half were observed in both slopes as the input amplitude increased; however, the deformations were more severe in Slope B than in Slope A, suggesting an energy isolation effect of the thick interlayer in Slope A.
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Xu, Zaixian, Chao Li, Fang Fang, and Fufei Wu. "Study on the Stability of Soil–Rock Mixture Slopes Based on the Material Point Strength Reduction Method." Applied Sciences 12, no. 22 (November 15, 2022): 11595. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app122211595.
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In this paper, the material point strength reduction method is used to investigate the stability of soil–rock mixture (SRM) slopes and the whole process of large deformation occurring after destabilization. A comparative study with homogeneous soil slopes is conducted. First, a material point slope model with typical shapes, a homogeneous soil slope, and an SRM slope with stones of different sizes distributed inside is established. Next, gravity is linearly added to establish the initial state of the slopes. Then the material strength of the slope is discounted according to the criterion of strength discounting. The material point method (MPM) simulations of the two slopes are carried out separately until the slope’s displacement changes abruptly to determine the slope’s safety factor. The final accumulation form of the slope after the damage is studied. Finally, the deformation characteristics of the two slopes under extreme conditions are explored. The research shows that the stones are beneficial to the slope in maintaining slope stability, and due to the presence of stones, the slope presents different characteristics from the pure soil slope when damage occurs.
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Dewantari, Eva Hestina, and Aditya Pandu Wicaksono. "Analisis Laju Erosi Berdasarkan Kemiringan Lereng Pada Area Pasca Spreading PT Angsana Jaya Energi Tanah Bumbu Kalimantan Selatan." Jurnal Lingkungan Kebumian Indonesia 1, no. 1 (December 20, 2023): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.47134/kebumian.v1i1.2061.
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The implementation of mining requires employment of protection and management of the affected environment, such as reclamation. The initial stage of reclamation in the form of spreading topsoil serves to prevent land subsidence/erosion. Post spreading area will be left empty for 1 month which causes erosion. This study aims to determine the amount of erosion rate that occurs in the spreading area based on the slope of gentle and sloped slopes and the direction of flow that occurs. The determination of the sampling point was carried out using the purposive sampling method and the measurement of the erosion rate was carried out using the stick method by sticking a stick with a depth of 30 cm with a plot size of 10x10 meters with division of 3 points on the slope of the slope and 3 points on the slope of the gentle slope. Soil sampling is carried out to measure the weight of the volume. Land subsidence measurements were carried out for 19 days for 30 days in each rain event. The calculation of the largest erosion rate on the slope of the gentle slope and the slope was 7,531.29 tons/ha/year and 7,746.44 tons/ha/year respectively which occurred on December 03, 2022., while the smallest erosion rate value on the slope of the gentle slope was on December 15, 2022 of 1,551.6 tons/ha/year and on the slope of the gentle slope was on December 1, 2023 of 1,647.1 tons/ha/year.
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Li, D., L. Zhang, C. Zhou, and W. Lu. "Risk-based stabilization planning for soil cut slopes." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 9, no. 4 (August 6, 2009): 1365–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-9-1365-2009.
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Abstract. Risk-based slope stabilization planning integrates the failure probability and the failure consequence systematically and shows promise for use in the practice. This paper attempts to develop a risk-based methodology for stabilization planning for deteriorating soil cut slopes. First, a framework of risk-based stabilization planning for slopes is proposed. Then the time-dependent reliability of deteriorating slopes is analyzed based on observed performance. Thereafter, the slope failure consequence is assessed in terms of expected numbers of fatality. After obtaining the time-dependent risk of slope failure, the time for slope stabilization is determined according to selected risk criteria. Finally, the effect of slope maintenance on the reliability of slopes is evaluated. Based on the analyses, the annual probability of failure of soil cut slopes would increase exponentially in the early stage of service if no maintenance were implemented. As a slope deteriorates, the risk of slope failure increases with time and may reach an intolerable level at a certain time. The risk of slope failure may also reach an intolerable level due to a change of elements at risk. The derived stabilization time depends on the factors that cause the slopes to deteriorate, consequence of slope failure, selected risk criteria, and vulnerability of the affected population.
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Liu, Xiu Min, Yi Chao Zhou, and Cong Xin Chen. "Study on the Stability of Bearing Load Slope under Earthquake Based on Quasi-Static Force Method." Applied Mechanics and Materials 444-445 (October 2013): 976–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.444-445.976.
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Quasi-static method originated from the safety evaluation of structural engineering under earthquake. Compared with the time history analysis method, quasi-static calculation is simple and quick, and gradually applied in the analysis of slope stability. This article combined quasi-static method with three-dimensional finite difference method (FLAC3D), and applied it in the seismic stability study of a slope. The slope has a convex shape. Two tunnel anchorages and four bridge foundations built in central of it bearing bridge load, so it is a typical bearing slope. This article put forward a numerical calculation failure criterion to the slop of this type by calculating and analyzing the stress, displacement and plastic zone distribution characteristics when it under earthquake, and gave out the slopes seismic safety coefficient. The research results of this paper can provide a useful reference for the similar projects.
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Deng, Hua Feng, Yu Wang, Min Zhu, and Jing Guo. "Excavation Type Optimization of High Cutting Slope at Reservoir Bank." Advanced Materials Research 250-253 (May 2011): 2486–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.250-253.2486.
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Because our country is a mountainous country, in engineering construction process, inevitably involve a lot of high cutting slopes. Summarized the relevant research achievements of predecessors, we put forward the type optimization scheme based on the current problems of smaller longitudinal slope degrees at bottom interface of high cutting slopes. Setting some slower longitudinal slope degrees at the bottom interface of high cutting slopes, which will reduce excavation volume to a certain degree, thus reduce energy consumption, reduce the influence of excavation on the surrounding environment, and reduce relevant expenses to restore the slope environment. After setting some slower longitudinal slope degrees, the slope toe drainage will be more unobstructed, the slope height will be reduced, and the slope will be more stable, thus reduce the work amount of slope retaining. For each year, thousands of kilometers mountainous highway will be built, bottom interface type optimization of high cutting slopes will have very big economic value. Therefore, which is worth to recommend in construction and designing of high cutting slopes.
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Deng, Xiaopeng, and Xinghua Xiang. "Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation Method for Evaluating Stability of Loess Slopes." Advances in Civil Engineering 2023 (November 23, 2023): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/6692746.
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The stability assessment of loess slopes is of great significance for slope reinforcement and safety assessment. This research studies the main factors affecting the stability of the loess slope through the summary and analyzes the failure cases of the loess slope in Shaanxi Province. The importance of influencing factors was studied through numerical simulation method, sensitivity analysis method, and gray correlation analysis method, and the weight value method was given. On this basis, we have developed the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model method for assessing the stability of loess slopes based on the principle of maximum membership degree. Finally, the method was applied to the stability analysis of the actual loess slope, and the rationality and correctness of the loess slope stability evaluation method proposed in this paper were demonstrated. The results showed that, for the Shaanxi loess slope, the probability of instability of the positive slopes is far greater than that of negative slopes; the greater the slope gradient, the more unstable the loess slopes. Collapse mainly occurs in the range of 10–40 m slope height. There is a significant positive correlation between rainfall and the probability of loess landslides. The degree of correlation between the factors influencing slope stability and the safety factor can be categorized from strong to weak as follows: slope inclination > internal friction angle > height of the slope > gravitational forces > cohesion > Poisson’s ratio > modulus of elasticity, and the influence of Poisson’s ratio and elastic modulus can be ignored. The fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method based on the gray correlation degree method established in this paper was used to evaluate the stability of the loess slopes. The evaluation results attested to the actual data of slope monitoring. The evaluation method proves reasonable and feasible and can be well applied to the stability analysis of the loess slopes.
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Kroeger, E. Bane. "The effects of water on planar features in compound slopes." Environmental and Engineering Geoscience 6, no. 4 (November 1, 2000): 347–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/gseegeosci.6.4.347.
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Abstract Plane failure in rock and soil slopes is usually caused by the intersection of a discontinuity plane with a slope face. Typically, discontinuities are weaker than the surrounding intact material and provide a surface along which movement can occur. When designing a stable slope, it is often desirable to find the most critical conditions for a particular slope configuration and base the final slope design around those conditions. The worst case for most dry slopes usually includes a tension crack at a location determined by the slope geometry. The worst case for saturated slopes typically has a tension crack at the slope crest, providing the deepest tension crack, and a fully or partially dammed discontinuity. This paper focuses on plane failure analyses of compound slopes using limit equilibrium techniques. It provides new equations to calculate the position of a tension crack, water forces, and stability factor in compound slopes. The results of a compound slope and water pressures are illustrated through several examples.
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Haryadi, Dimas, Mawardi Mawardi, and Makmun R. Razali. "ANALISIS LERENG TERASERING DALAM UPAYA PENANGGULANGAN LONGSOR METODE FELLENIUS DENGAN PROGRAM GEOSTUDIO SLOPE." Inersia, Jurnal Teknik Sipil 10, no. 2 (January 29, 2019): 53–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.33369/ijts.10.2.53-60.
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The Musi Hydroelectric Power Plant area in Kepahiang Regency is a hilly area that has steep slopes that are prone to landslides. One of the landslides that occurred at October 2017 precisely occurred on a highway between Susup Village, Bengkulu Tengah Regency and Ujan Mas District, Kepahiang Regency. This study aims to analyze the slope stability of the terraces using the Fellenius Method. The results of testing the physical properties of the soil indicate that the soil on the slopes of the area of the Musi Hydroelectric Power Plant is clay. The slopes studied in the Musi hydropower area are all prone to landslides because safety factor, FK <1,5. Based on the results of the research on the slopes of the safest type 1 slope the value of the safety factor is the type of slope of the slope trap 3,19o,FK = 1,61 greater than the safety factor value of slope type 2 slope trap 19o, FK = 1,57 and safe slope type safety factor value slope of 19o, FK = 1.519 and the value of the safety factor of the original slope type of slope 30o, FK =0,88.
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Lafleur, J., V. Silvestri, R. Asselin, and M. Soulié. "Behaviour of a test excavation in soft Champlain Sea clay." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 25, no. 4 (November 1, 1988): 705–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t88-081.
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The field observations made during a sloped excavation in a soft sensitive clay are presented. The test site is located in Saint-Hilaire, in a typical Champlain Sea clay deposit, of 30 m depth. The trench was 8 m deep and 60 × 60 m square and its slopes were at 45, 34, 27, and 18° to the horizontal. The induced pore pressures and total lateral stresses have been recorded with vibrating-wire instruments since the beginning of the excavation. The steepest, 45° slope completely failed 1 day after excavating and the 34° slope, 2 weeks after. The piezometer readings have shown that the groundwater regime was modified proportionally to the changes in total stresses; these modifications took place within a time period of 5 months, after which the heads became more or less constant. The total stress cells indicated significant rotation of the principal axes at the toe of the slopes. Stability analyses using the lowest vane strength profile gave minimum factors of safety of 1.15 for the 45° slope and 1.23 for the 34° slope, thereby underestimating the risks of failure. Back analyses using regional effective shear strength parameters were made and the parameters mobilized at failure were found to be [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. Key words: case record, excavation, soft clay, slope stability, back analysis.
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Huang, Yi, and Geoffrey Hewings. "More Reliable Land Price Index: Is There a Slope Effect?" Land 10, no. 3 (March 4, 2021): 261. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10030261.
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This paper focuses on the physical attributes of land that intrinsically limit land use and possibly affect land values. In particular, we investigate if the slope of a land does decrease its price and investigate the role of land slope in forming more reliable constant-quality land price indices and aggregate house price indices. We find that, while land slopes do decrease the land price per unit, they have a small effect on the quality-adjusted land price indices in selected neighborhoods in Auckland, New Zealand, where sloped terrain is common.
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Debabeche, Mahmoud, Sonia Cherhabil, Amin Hafnaoui, and Bachir Achour. "Hydraulic jump in a sloped triangular channel." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 36, no. 4 (April 2009): 655–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l08-136.
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The hydraulic jump in a sloped triangular channel of 90° central angle is theoretically and experimentally examined. The study aims to determine the effect of the channel's slope on the sequent depth ratio of the jump. A theoretical relation is proposed for the inflow Froude number as function of the sequent depth ratio and the channel slope. An experimental analysis is also proposed to find a better formulation of the obtained relation. For this motive, six positive slopes are tested. The relations obtained are recommended for designing irrigation ditches.
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Marcell Fandy, Patrick, Minar Julita Hutagalung, Frans Simbol Tambing, George Belly Sahetapy, and Herlina Sanggamele. "ANALYSIS OF LIMESTONE QUARRY SLOPE STABILITY, NIMBOKRANG DISTRICT, JAYAPURA REGENCY, PAPUA, INDONESIA." Jurnal Sains dan Teknologi 5, no. 3 (February 12, 2024): 763–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.55338/saintek.v5i3.2375.
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Slope stability analysis generally uses the concept of factor of safety (FoS) value using several whole rock parameters. The slope stability analysis method that will be used in this research is the slope stability analysis method in open pit mines based on rock mass classification with the Rock Mass Rating (RMR) system and the Geological Strength Index (GSI) system and analyses the potential for landslides that can occur on slopes at that location with kinematics and limit equilibrium methods so that the type of landslide can be determined based on the intensity of the geological structure on the slope of the CV. Inti Jaya open pit limestone mine, in Wahab Village, Nimbokrang District, Jayapura Regency. This research aims to provide information on the current condition of the slope whether it is by safety standards, make slope engineering improvements and redesign safe slopes if unstable slope conditions are found. Research on the stability of limestone slopes begins with the collection of field data and rock samples. Furthermore, sample testing was carried out to obtain physical and mechanical properties and weighting of rock masses, which were then analysed to obtain the characteristics and quality of rock masses that would be applied using the finite element method with Slide 6 from Rocscience to determine the Factor of Safety (FK) and the design of safe slope geometry. The RMR value for slope 1 is 62, slope 2 is 61, and slope 3 is 62. So it can be concluded that the rock is included in rock mass class 2 with good quality. Based on the analysis of potential avalanche types, the three slopes have non-arc avalanche types. From the analysis carried out using Rocscience Slide 6.0 software, the FoS value for slopes in original, dry, and saturated conditions is obtained, where on slope 1: FoS in original conditions is 0.935, FoS in dry conditions is 1.619, and FoS in saturated conditions is 0.671. Then slope 2: FoS in original condition is 0.896, FoS in dry condition is 1.457, and FoS in saturated condition is 0.806. Slope 3: FoS in original condition is 3.490, FoS in dry condition is 4.199, and FoS in saturated condition is 3.368. So it can be concluded that slopes 1 and 2 are unsafe or unstable in original and saturated conditions so that landslides can occur. In the analysis of the FoS value of the actual condition of the slopes in the field using the Hoek & Brown method, the FoS value of slope 1 is 0.387, the FoS value of slope 2 is 0.579, and the FoS value of slope 3 is 1.272, it can be seen that the actual condition of the slopes in the field is slopes 1 and 2 in an unsafe or unstable state. Improvements must be made to the slope geometry to maintain the stability of the slope to remain safe or stable. The recommended improvement is to create a new working level for slopes 1 and 2, with steep height and large rock porphyry.
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Wang, Weiguo, Yanping Wang, Binpeng Lan, and Guang Zheng. "Numerical Analysis of the Dynamic Response Law of Counter-Tilt Layered Rock Slopes." Sustainability 15, no. 18 (September 10, 2023): 13525. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su151813525.
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Counter-tilt layered rock slopes are common types of slopes that are susceptible to destabilizing damage under seismic action. Therefore, the dynamic response law of counter-tilt layered rock slopes under seismic action is of great significance for the study of slope stability. This study utilizes UDEC (Universal Distinct Element Code) numerical simulation software to vary slope geometry and seismic wave parameters, such as joint thickness, joint inclination angle, slope angle, seismic wave frequency, amplitude, and duration. The maximum displacements of the monitoring points of a slope were obtained, and the dynamic response law of counter-tilt layered rock slopes under seismic action was investigated. The results yielded the following insights: (1) The thickness of the joints of a slope is an important factor affecting the dynamic response of a slope, and with the increase in the thickness of the joints, the maximum displacement of each monitoring point of the slope will decrease. (2) The maximum displacement of a slope increases with the increase in the joint inclination angle and the slope angle. When the joint inclination angle is less than 50°, the change in the joint inclination angle has less of an effect on the maximum displacement of the slope in the x and y directions. When the joint inclination angle is more than 50°, the maximum displacement of the slope in the x and y directions increases faster with the change in the joint inclination angle, and a similar pattern is observed for the slope angle. (3) Slopes are less susceptible to damage when both the joint inclination angle and the slope angle are less than 50°, and the probability of slope damage increases significantly when both are greater than 50°. (4) The maximum displacement at each monitoring point of a slope increases with the frequency, amplitude, and duration of a seismic wave. (5) Seismic wave amplitude has the greatest effect on the dynamic response of a slope, followed by duration, and frequency has the weakest effect on the dynamic response of a slope. The conclusions drawn in this paper can be useful for the control of counter-tilt layered rock slopes.
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Norfaeda, Rahma, Tommy Maulidyanto, and Kartini. "MINE SLOPE DESIGN SIMULATIONS USING SLIDE 6.0 SOFTWARE OF POST-MINING SLOPE STABILITY." Jurnal Teknologi Informasi Universitas Lambung Mangkurat (JTIULM) 9, no. 1 (May 11, 2024): 83–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/jtiulm.v9i1.208.
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Post-mining slopes are susceptible to landslides due to factors such as slope geometry, rock structure, physical and mechanical properties of rocks, and groundwater content. Monitoring of these slopes is essential to prevent broader environmental issues. This research aims to determine the stability of former mining slopes using soil samples from the Mataraman District, Banjar Regency. The technical analysis method focuses on the physical and mechanical properties of soil, supplemented with mine slope design simulations using Slide 6,0 software to ascertain the safety factors from various slope angles. Safety factor analysis considers the smallest cohesion and bulk density values to represent the material strength of the slope. Findings indicate that the post-mining slopes would remain stable and safe provided no additional destabilizing factors are introduced. The slopes maintain a safety factor greater than 2, implying stability even with a steepness up to 70°. Keywords: mining slope stability, safety factor
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Wang, Jianxiu, Pengfei Liu, Pengfei Si, Huboqiang Li, Fan Wu, Yuxin Su, Yanxia Long, Ansheng Cao, Yuanwei Sun, and Qianyuan Zhang. "Three-Dimensional Stability Analysis of Ridge Slope Using Strength Reduction Method Based on Unified Strength Criterion." Applied Sciences 13, no. 3 (January 26, 2023): 1580. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13031580.
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Ridge slopes often occur in highway or railway engineering. The initial stress distribution of a ridge slope is important for the original slope and an excavation slope. In this paper, a wire-frame model of ridge slope was established. Numerical simulations on the 3D stability analysis were performed using the strength reduction method based on unified strength theory. The influences of ridgeline dip angle α, flank slope angle β, and slope height H on the deformation and failure mode of ridgeline slopes were analyzed. When α was small, cracking failure easily occurred at the front edge of the ridge slope and the area near the ridge line. When α was large, shear failure was prone to occur at the trailing edge of the ridge slope. Under the same reduction coefficient, the larger the flank slope angle β, the larger the slope displacement of the ridge. The plastic zone gradually concentrated near the ridge. When H was small, the displacement mainly occurred at the trailing edge of the slope, and the slopes were generally prone to cracking damage at the trailing edge. The front edge of the slope experienced a large displacement when the height of the ridge slope increased. The bottom of the flank slope was also displaced, and a plastic zone was observed at the foot of the slope. When the excavation slope ratio of the ridge slope was small, the plastic zone was mainly located on the side slope. When the excavation rate increased, the plastic zone appeared on the excavation slope surface, and its stability decreased significantly.
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Wang, Yueying, Songtao Wang, Bing Jiang, Yihao Zhu, Xuchang Niu, Changjiang Li, Zhen Wu, and Weifeng Chen. "Regulation of Abiotic Factors on Aboveground Biomass and Biodiversity of Ditch Slope in Coastal Farmland." Water 14, no. 21 (November 4, 2022): 3547. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14213547.
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Ditch plant biomass and diversity play an important role in maintaining ditch ecosystem structure and function stability, which are subject to environmental changes. However, the regulation of abiotic factors on the aboveground biomass and diversity of plants on the slopes of coastal agricultural ditches remains unclear. In this study, the spatial distribution of soil physicochemical properties, aboveground biomass, and diversity of vegetation on different slope positions (upper slope, middle slope, and lower slope) and slope aspects (north-south direction) of farmland drainage ditches and their correlations were investigated through field surveys of vegetation on the slopes of coastal farmland drainage ditches at different sampling sites. First, water content and bulk density) decreased with the increase of slope position, while the salinity showed the opposite spatial distribution characteristics and the distribution of soil nutrients in space was mainly concentrated in the 0–20 cm soil layer. Second, the aboveground biomass of vegetation was significantly higher on the south slope than on the north slope, with the highest biomass at the lower slope on the south slope and higher aboveground biomass on the north slope at the upper and middle slopes. The Shannon-Wiener index, Pielou index, and Margalef index of ditch slope vegetation in Dongying and Binzhou farmland ditch slopes showed the same pattern of change at different slope positions and directions, which were significantly higher at the upper and middle slopes than at the lower slopes. In contrast, the Simpson index showed the opposite pattern, decreasing with the increase in slope position. Further, WC, BD, organic matter content, and total nitrogen content had positive effects on vegetation aboveground biomass, while soil pH, salinity, and available potassium content hindered vegetation growth. Finally, the Shannon-Wiener index and Pielou index were positively correlated with soil BD and available phosphorus content, and negatively correlated with organic matter and total nitrogen content, while the Simpson index was positively correlated with soil BD and WC, and had a significant negative correlation with soil salinity.
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Zhu, Xiaoxiao, Sheng Nie, Cheng Wang, Xiaohuan Xi, Dong Li, Guoyuan Li, Pu Wang, Di Cao, and Xuebo Yang. "Estimating Terrain Slope from ICESat-2 Data in Forest Environments." Remote Sensing 12, no. 20 (October 11, 2020): 3300. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12203300.
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The global digital elevation measurement (DEM) products such as SRTM DEM and GDEM have been widely used for terrain slope retrieval in forests. However, the slope estimation accuracy is generally limited due to the DEMs’ low vertical accuracy over complex forest environments. The Ice, Cloud, and land Elevation Satellite-2 (ICESat-2) mission shows excellent potential for slope estimation because of the high elevation accuracy and unique design of beam pairs. This study aimed to explore the possibility of ICESat-2 data for terrain slope retrieval in the United States forests. First, raw ICESat-2 data were processed to obtain accurate ground surfaces. Second, two different methods based on beam pairs were proposed to derive terrain slopes from the ground surfaces. Third, the estimated slopes were validated by airborne LiDAR-derived slopes and compared with SRTM-derived slopes and GDEM-derived slopes. Finally, we further explored the influence of surface topography and ground elevation error on slope estimation from ICESat-2 data. The results show that the ground surface can be accurately extracted from all scenarios of ICESat-2 data, even weak beams in the daytime, which provides the basis for terrain slope retrieval from ICESat-2 beam pairs. The estimated slope has a strong correlation with airborne LiDAR-derived slopes regardless of slope estimation methods, which demonstrates that the ICESat-2 data are appropriate for terrain slope estimation in complex forest environments. Compared with the method based on along- and across-track analysis (method 1), the method based on plane fitting of beam pairs (method 2) has a high estimation accuracy of terrain slopes, which indicates that method 2 is more suitable for slope estimation because it takes full advantage of more ground surface information. Additionally, the results also indicate that ICESat-2 performs much better than SRTM DEMs and GDEMs in estimating terrain slopes. Both ground elevation error and surface topography have a significant impact on terrain slope retrieval from ICESat-2 data, and ground surface extraction should be improved to ensure the accuracy of terrain slope retrieval over extremely complex environments. This study demonstrates for the first time that ICESat-2 has a strong capability in terrain slope retrieval. Additionally, this paper also provides effective solutions to accurately estimate terrain slopes from ICESat-2 data. The ICESat-2 slopes have many potential applications, including the generation of global slope products, the improvement of terrain slopes derived from the existing global DEM products, and the correction of vegetation biophysical parameters retrieved from space-borne LiDAR waveform data.
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Chen, Yu, Hui Yun Duan, and Cheng Tao Zhou. "The Numerical Calculation of Highway Slope Stability under the Influence of Rainfall." Applied Mechanics and Materials 260-261 (December 2012): 907–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.260-261.907.
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The slope deformation and instability caused by rainfall is the most common geological hazard in the highway slope landslide hazards. This paper used the finite element method to analyze the stability of slop in a variety of water-saturated conditions based on the strength reduction method, and to get the mechanism of rainfall weakening the strength of landslide. The results shows that the slope landslide in the fully saturated state would be instability when the surface was muddy geotechnical (thickness about 5 m), but it could remain stable when the saturated rate was under 80%. Under the action of rainfall, the maximum shear stress of potential slip plane in this kind of slopes was in the landslide’s lower edge which has obvious stress concentraten. Therefore, slope control measures should be strengthened to prevent the occurrence of the landslide hazard in the lot of long rainy season.
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Luden, Alesandro Sejo, I. Gde Budi Indrawan, and Dwikorita Karnawati. "Slope stability analyses by circular failure chart and limit equilibrium methods: the inlet and outlet of diversion tunnel of Bolango Ulu Dam, Indonesia." E3S Web of Conferences 325 (2021): 01015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202132501015.
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The objective of this research is to evaluate the stability of the natural slopes at the inlet and outlet portals of the Bolangu Ulu diversion tunnel, Gorontalo. The natural slopes were considered stable, and therefore slope stability analyses were not carried out previously in the tunnel portal design. The slope stability analyses were carried out using the Circular Failure Chart (CFC) and Limit Equilibrium Methods (LEM). Input data for the slope stability analyses were obtained from field mapping and laboratory testing of soil and rock samples. The results show that the portal slopes consist of diorite and residual soil. Both stability analysis methods yield nearly the same results. The slope at the outlet section had the factor of safety (FOS) values of 1.29 and 1.30 based on the CFC method and LEM, respectively, indicating the slope in a stable condition. However, the slope at the inlet section had the FOS values of 1.01 and 1.07 based on the CFC method and LEM, respectively, indicating the slope in a critical condition. The results suggest that stabilization of the portal slopes, particularly the portal slope at the inlet section, is required to prevent slope failures under static and earthquake loads.
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Habtemariam, Behailu G., Kelifa B. Shirago, and Democracy D. Dirate. "Effects of Soil Properties and Slope Angle on Deformation and Stability of Cut Slopes." Advances in Civil Engineering 2022 (June 7, 2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/4882095.
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The impact of soil parameters and slope angle on the deformation and stability of cut slopes is critical for defining road project safety measurement. This study investigates the effect of soil properties and slope angle on the deformation and stability of cut slopes in general and the specific Arba Minch-Chencha upgrading road project. Forty-eight (48) analyses were carried out both in Slope/W and Plaxis 2D software for six cut slopes and analyzed for four different slope angles. Twenty-four (24) dataset samples were collected from six different cut-slope sites. These dataset samples were categorized in two situations, i.e., before and after water saturation for each cut slope. The limit equilibrium method (LEM) comparison clearly showed that the Spencer, Bishop, and Morgenstern-Price methods produced similar FOS. The Ordinary and Janbu approaches, on the other hand, underestimate the FOS. Most LEMs except Ordinary and Janbu methods that estimated higher FOS than finite element method (FEM) analysis. It is observed that the main reasons for the cut-slope instability were the provision of steep cut-slope angles, the existence of a high proportion of fine soil, and moisture content, which was observed in both Plaxis 2D (FEM) and Slope/W (LEM). It was concluded that the slope is more stable for the soil having few fine-grained fractions. Moreover, flattening the slope stabilizes the cut slopes based on the results obtained from both Plaxis 2D and Slope/W.
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Pingree, R. D., and B. Le Cann. "Structure, strength and seasonality of the slope currents in the Bay of Biscay region." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 70, no. 4 (November 1990): 857–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315400059117.
Full textAbstract:
Slope currents in the Bay of Biscay show a consistent poleward transport but seasonal trends and vertical current structure appear more variable. Indeed more long term records are required to establish seasonal trends firmly.In the south of the region (Spanish slopes, mooring 118), the upper-slope (water depth 1005 m) flow exhibited a strong vertical structure with the maximum surface inflow occurring in the winter period, and this effect may be wind induced. Satellite imagery shows that this flow originates from the Iberian slope and that a decreasing along-slope surface transport occurs along the north Spanish slopes at this time of year.In the north of the region (Porcupine Seabight slopes) vertical structure was again evident in the upper slope (~1000–m depth) flow. At mooring 114 the flow at mid–depth showed a weakening along-slope flow and an on-slope tendency in the March/April period; a complete reversal in the slope current occurred at mid–depths at the position of mooring 112 during March.In the central region (Celtic and -Armorican slopes) seasonal variations in the upper layers on the slopes were also present. In this region, the upper–slope transport (2500m depth) reached maximum values of 3–5 Sv in late summer. Upper flows at the rise (mooring 8002) were directed on-slope during the period of maximum upper–slope transport but changed direction in the March/April period.In this region on the Celtic shelf (DB1), the surface flow is in a counter–current sense and wind-induced and so the seasonal variations here reflect seasonality in the wind stress.
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Simanjuntak, Devito Wirasto, Ferra Fahraini, and Anisa Indriawati. "Analisis Kestabilan Lereng Tunggal Menggunakan Metode Fellenius dan Slide v.6.0 serta Lereng Keseluruhan dengan GeoStudio 2012 pada Pit I Banko Barat PT Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk Tanjung Enim – Sumatera Selatan." MINERAL 3, no. 1 (January 30, 2020): 50–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.33019/mineral.v3i1.1576.
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Slopes are a topography that is often found in opened pit mine that had been made by humans with the purpose of exploiting minerals that exist. Landslides can occur on any slopes that is formed due to the increase of shear stress, shear strength declining in the field of landslides or both simultaneously. Slope stability analysis performed to obtain the value of the safety factor of the field of potential landslides. The study conducted at a coal mine Pit 1 Banko Barat PT Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk by comparing the value of a single slope safety factor Fellenius with manual method to Slide v.6.0 software and the overall slope safety factor with software GeoStudio 2012 From the analysis performed on a single slope 1 to 9, safety factor values obtained below 1.25 for single slopes 1 and single slope 2 to 9 above 1.25. Of the value of the safety factor is obtained, a single slope 1 in critical condition and the single slopes 2 to 9 in stable condition. While the overall slope stability analysis using GeoStudio 2012 program obtained average value of the safety factor - average is 4.57 so the slope can be declared in a stable condition. Then there are effforts to increase the safety factor (FK) of single slopes by changing a single slope geometry previously at an angle of 55 ° to 47 ° in order to obtain the condition of the slopes in a stable condition.
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Tamrakar, Naresh Kazi, and Jaya Laxmi Singh. "Slope mass rating of rock slopes of the Malekhu River, central Nepal Lesser Himalaya." Journal of Nepal Geological Society 47, no. 1 (June 30, 2014): 36–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jngs.v47i1.23102.
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The Malekhu River is one of the major tributaries of the Trishuli Ganga River fl owing from the south in Malekhu region, central Nepal. Riverbank slope stability is a topic of concern as rock mass condition and slope stability of riverbank slopes are important parameters for riverbank erodibility. Fourteen sites in the Malekhu River were selected for rock mass rating (RMR) and then slope mass rating (SMR) by using a graphic method. The potentially vulnerable sites were identifi ed after conducting field study in different slopes. The results indicate that there occur modes of failures ranging from stable (good rock mass) to partially stable (normal rock mass) in all the study sites. The unstable (bad rock mass) and completely unstable (very bad rock mass) slopes are, however, distributed only in some slopes. The unstable slope of plane failure mode is Ka1, whereas the completely unstable slopes of plane failure mode are Rb2, Ml1 Slope 1 and Ml2. The unstable slope of toppling failure mode is Ml2. When wedge failure mode is considered, the slopes at Ti1 and Ka1 are unstable while the slopes at Kh1, Ka1, Ml1 Slope 1 are completely unstable. The rock slopes with unstable to completely unstable states are considered bad (SMR Class IV: 21–40) to very bad (SMR Class V: 0–20) rock mass with fair to poor rock mass rating, respectively. These bad to very bad rock mass slopes are vulnerable to slope movements and river erosion, and they require mitigative measures.
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Ding, Yu, Chao Dang, Yu Bin Shao, and Xiao Dong Zou. "Limit Analysis on Stability of Cracked Slope Induced by Earthquake." Advanced Materials Research 243-249 (May 2011): 2780–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.243-249.2780.
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Intense earthquake shaking inevitably ruptures the rockmass along the fissures and bursts mountainous slopes, and these understable slopes are namely cracked slopes. For such slopes, aftershocks, rainwater infiltration and others factors will inevitably induce crack propagation and the crack thus gradually accumulates to be the cutting boundary that controls the slope deformation and failure. To understand how the slope stability varies in the process of cracking expanding, upper bound approach is employed to assess the cracked slope in Wenchuan earthquake epicenter considering the effects of crack propagation, rainwater infiltrating and earthquake. The results conducted in this paper indicate that the crack propagation lowly reduces the slope stability and it does not directly destabilize the slope. But the crack length owing to propagation inevitably increases the probability of slope failure, which more depend on the filling water in the crack and the earthquake intensity.
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Gempur Santoso. "ERGONOMIC ENVIRONMENT PREVENTING ACCIDENTS FROM NATURAL DISASTERS." International Journal of Social Science 2, no. 4 (December 12, 2022): 1975–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.53625/ijss.v2i4.4250.
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Life and human life are in the natural environment. In nature can not be separated from natural disasters. Risks so as not to be overwritten by natural disasters require preventive measures. This paper discusses about the ergonomic environment as a measure to prevent accidents due to living and doing activities in nature on sloped land. This scientific writing design uses descriptive by presenting several opinions or research results. Methods of data collection using literature study. The inference method is done using deductive. Conclusion: a). The slope of the slope has a very significant effect on soil damage, including causing landslides, so that a slope of 0 -7 degrees is flat and very sloping land, the best for settlements and a slope of 7 - 15 degrees is sloping land, not dangerous for humans to build settlements, only requires soil hardening/accompaniment treatment. b). Ergonomic natural environment is a deep ecosystem shaping the terrestrial and aquatic environments to create within human and natural boundaries so that the natural work environment makes human activities safe, secure, comfortable, and healthy in life. Suggestion: It is hoped that the community will pay attention to ergonomic conditions, harden or provide hard assistance on sloped land, and avoid living on steep and steep slopes, so as to avoid the risk of landslides
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Yin, Xiangjie, Hang Lin, Yifan Chen, Yixian Wang, and Yanlin Zhao. "Precise evaluation method for the stability analysis of multi-scale slopes." SIMULATION 96, no. 10 (August 3, 2020): 841–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0037549720943274.
Full textAbstract:
Slope stability analysis is a multi-scale problem. Typically, owing to the distinctions of slope scales (e.g., slope height or slope angle) in practical engineering, the stability calculation results of slopes with various scales from numerical methods inevitably exhibit different computational precision levels in the case of identical computational grids, and therefore the stability results of different slopes cannot be compared. To achieve equal accuracy stability analysis for multi-scale slopes, this study establishes numerical models of slopes with various scales as well as different grid shapes and sizes to conduct stability analysis. The results show the following: (a) a positive correlation relationship exists between the safety factor of the slope and the scaling factor, which is defined as the ratio of the grid size to the slope height; (b) the definition of the refined safety factor is given, representing the safety factor that corresponds to the infinitesimal grid size and eliminating the computational error of slope stability analysis caused by grid size or shape; (c) on this basis, embarking on the composite influence of multiple scales of slope on stability analysis, the study proposes a simplified treatment method suitable for evaluating the refined safety factor of the multi-scale slopes, which is verified as valid and feasible by some examples.