Academic literature on the topic 'Slope exposure'
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Journal articles on the topic "Slope exposure"
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Malysheva, E. S., A. V. Malyshev, and I. G. Kostin. "Complex Analysis of Data from Agrochemical and Soil-Erosion Monitoring Using Geoinformation Systems." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 937, no. 3 (December 1, 2021): 032070. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/937/3/032070.
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Abstract The article describes a comprehensive analysis of agrochemical and soil erosion monitoring data, using the example of the Alekseevsky district of the Belgorod region with the use of a geoinformation system. The GIS automatically generates tables with data grouped by various characteristics: soil type, degree of erosion, slope steepness and exposure. The content of mobile forms of phosphorus and potassium, organic matter, and the level of soil acidity in the context of the district in areas with different exposures, the degree of erosion and the steepness of the slope was analyzed. The most productive soils are located on the plain, followed by the slopes of the northern exposure, neutral, then southern. Erosion processes occur more strongly mainly on the slopes of the southern exposure, and the northern slopes are characterized by humidity. Down the slope, the nutrient content decreases, the level of soil acidity increases.
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Cotoarba, Liliana, Mihai Valentin Herbei, Constantin Florescu, and Codruţa Bādāluţā - Minda. "The analysis of morphometric parameters in hydrological modeling using GIS." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1203, no. 3 (November 1, 2021): 032033. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1203/3/032033.
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Abstract The analysis of the physical-geographical conditions determines and influences the formation and the regime of the water resources from a hydrographic basin. This paper aims to analyse spatial data based on raster models, more precisely the terrain analysis, later used in hydrological modelling. For the elaboration of the digital model of the terrain, methods of interpolation of certain data are used - the level curves - after which, by running the ArcGIS program will result the structure of the irregular triangulation network (TIN). Next, based on the TIN model, a set of analyses is obtained regarding the morphology of the terrain: the slope map; slope exposure map, etc. The slope is one of the most important factors for controlling surface and intermediate water runoff. The exposure of the slopes depends very much on the direction of the slope of the land. With the help of the analysis of the slope and slope exposure it is possible to: calculate the solar lighting for each location in a region; find all slopes in the southern part of a mountainous region to identify locations where the snowmelt process will start earlier than in other areas, thus avoiding the danger of flooding due to runoff from the slopes and the danger of soil erosion; the value and speed of surface runoff; identify the spread and abundance of flora and fauna, precipitation; identify the productivity classes of the land; find all the north-facing slopes on a mountain as part for the search of the best ski slopes.
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Khabibullin, I. L., and G. A. Nigametuanova. "THERMOMECHANICAL MODEL FOR DETERMINING THE STABILITY OF THE PERMAFROST ZONE SLOPES." Oil and Gas Studies, no. 1 (March 1, 2018): 42–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.31660/0445-0108-2018-1-42-48.
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The authors of the article propose a model for determining the stability of the permafrost zone slopes, which includes mechanical and thermophysical components. The developed model for determining the stability of slopes in the process of thawing permafrost allows assess slope stability factor depending on the time and the set of parameters: thermal and mechanical properties of soil making up the slope, the components of the radiation balance, the exposure, and the angle of slope, etc.
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Mitev, D., and G. Naydenova. "Permanence of sown sward situated along the slopes of the central Balkan Mountain." Biotehnologija u stocarstvu 30, no. 3 (2014): 509–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/bah1403509m.
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The state of mixed swards of red fescue, Kentucky bluegrass and bird?s foot trefoil was studied. The experiment was situated along the slopes of the Central Balkan Mountain, during the period of the 1st to the 13th year of their creation. At a high degree of soil gleying, the low part of the slope, the dry matter yields were within the limits of 2.8 t/ha (1997, south-eastern exposure) up to 10.66 t/ha (1999, north-eastern exposure). At a low degree of soil gleying, high part of the slope, the dry matter yields were within the limits of 2.34 t/ha (1994, western exposure) up to 14.34 t/ha (1995, east exposure). The most prominent in productive terms for the period of the study are the variants at the east and south-eastern exposure, slightly gleyed soil. The participation of the sown species in the total forage yield is variable quantity. They reach (at their most) up to 96% in 1998, north exposure, slightly gleyed soils and up to 97% in 2000, north-east exposure, highly gleyed soils. Their share was small in 2004 (44%) and in 2006 (42%) on a western slope, highly eroded soils.
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Chang, Yu Sang, Byong-Jin You, and Hann Earl Kim. "Dynamic Trends of Fine Particulate Matter Exposure across 190 Countries: Analysis and Key Insights." Sustainability 12, no. 7 (April 6, 2020): 2910. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12072910.
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Despite the fact that fine particulate matter (PM2.5) causes serious health issues, few studies have investigated the level and annual rate of PM2.5 change across a large number of countries. For a better understanding of the global trend of PM2.5, this study classified 190 countries into groups showing different trends of PM2.5 change during the 2000–2014 period by estimating the progress ratio (PR) from the experience curve (EC), with PM2.5 exposure (PME)–the population-weighted average annual concentration of PM2.5 to which a person is exposed—as the dependent variable and the cumulative energy consumption as the independent variable. The results showed a wide variation of PRs across countries: While the average PR for 190 countries was 96.5%, indicating only a moderate decreasing PME trend of 3.5% for each doubling of the cumulative energy consumption, a majority of 118 countries experienced a decreasing trend of PME with an average PR of 88.1%, and the remaining 72 countries displayed an increasing trend with an average PR of 110.4%. When two different types of EC, classical and kinked, were applied, the chances of possible improvement in the future PME could be suggested in the descending order as follows: (1) the 60 countries with an increasing classical slope; (2) the 12 countries with an increasing kinked slope; (3) the 75 countries with a decreasing classical slope; and (4) the 43 countries with a decreasing kinked slope. The reason is that both increasing classical and kinked slopes are more likely to be replaced by decreasing kinked slopes, while decreasing classical and kinked slopes are less likely to change in the future. Population size seems to play a role: A majority of 52%, or 38 out of the 72 countries with an increasing slope, had a population size of bigger than 10 million inhabitants. Many of these countries came from SSA, EAP, and LAC regions. By identifying different patterns of past trends based on the analysis of PME for individual countries, this study suggests a possible change of the future slope for different groups of countries.
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Robertson, Madeline M., Sarah Furlong, Bradley Voytek, Thomas Donoghue, Charlotte A. Boettiger, and Margaret A. Sheridan. "EEG power spectral slope differs by ADHD status and stimulant medication exposure in early childhood." Journal of Neurophysiology 122, no. 6 (December 1, 2019): 2427–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00388.2019.
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Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by hyperactivity/impulsivity and inattentiveness. Efforts toward the development of a biologically based diagnostic test have identified differences in the EEG power spectrum; most consistently reported is an increased ratio of theta to beta power during resting state in those with the disorder, compared with controls. Current approaches calculate theta/beta ratio using fixed frequency bands, but the observed differences may be confounded by other relevant features of the power spectrum, including shifts in peak oscillation frequency and altered slope or offset of the aperiodic 1/ f-like component of the power spectrum. In the present study, we quantify the spectral slope and offset, peak alpha frequency, and band-limited and band-ratio oscillatory power in the resting-state EEG of 3- to 7-yr-old children with and without ADHD. We found that medication-naive children with ADHD had higher alpha power, greater offsets, and steeper slopes compared with typically developing children. Children with ADHD who were treated with stimulants had comparable slopes and offsets to the typically developing group despite a 24-h medication-washout period. We further show that spectral slope correlates with traditional measures of theta/beta ratio, suggesting the utility of slope as a neural marker over and above traditional approaches. Taken with past research demonstrating that spectral slope is associated with executive functioning and excitatory/inhibitory balance, these results suggest that altered slope of the power spectrum may reflect pathology in ADHD. NEW & NOTEWORTHY This article highlights the clinical utility of comprehensively quantifying features of the EEG power spectrum. Using this approach, we identify, for the first time, differences in the aperiodic components of the EEG power spectrum in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and provide evidence that spectral slope is a robust indictor of an increase in low- relative to high-frequency power in ADHD.
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Duarte, Carlos M., and Jacob Kalff. "Patterns in the Submerged Macrophyte Biomass of Lakes and the Importance of the Scale of Analysis in the Interpretation." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 47, no. 2 (February 1, 1990): 357–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f90-037.
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The relative contributions of lake characteristics (i.e. alkalinity, chlorophyll A concentration, total phosphorus concentration, conductivity, and morphometry) and site characteristics (i.e. depth, littoral slope, exposure to waves, and underwater light levels) to the variability in submerged biomass were examined in 25 Canadian and American lakes. Lake-average submerged biomass is a function of water alkalinity and the lake-average littoral slope whereas site-specific biomass is a function of both site and lake characteristics. Plant biomass decreased with increasing slope and wave exposure and increased with increasing alkalinity and light levels. However, these relationships are complex because submerged biomass is also influenced by threshold phenomena (e.g. critical littoral slopes and transparency-dependent critical depths) that set limits to macrophyte colonization and because the relative contributions of the most relevant environmental factors studied (i.e. littoral slope, exposure, water transparency, and alkalinity) are depth dependent. By demonstrating the importance of lake-average and site-specific scales of variation and the existence of noncontinuous (e.g. threshold) regulation mechanisms the findings provide a new conceptual framework for the study of the relationship between submerged macrophytes, and their associated biota as well as their environment.
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Dadfar, Behrang, M. Hesham El Naggar, and Miroslav Nastev. "Quantifying exposure of linear infrastructures to earthquake-triggered transverse landslides in permafrost thawing slopes." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 54, no. 7 (July 2017): 1002–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cgj-2017-0076.
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Seismic shaking can cause slope instability in otherwise relatively stable permafrost terrains. In addition, rapid ice melting in low-permeability fine-grained soils can lead to excess pore-water pressure build-up and cause instability in slopes even at small angles. This study addresses the active-layer detachment (ALD) slope instability hazard and develops a systematic risk assessment framework for existing and future linear infrastructures, such as energy pipelines, bridges, and roads traversing permafrost regions. Mild slopes, with average gradient of 7°, are considered in this study as the most representative of actual field conditions. The potential for earthquake-triggered ALD is analytically quantified. State-of-the-art ALD morphological statistics for northern Canada are combined with seismic slope stability analyses to determine (i) the probability of linear infrastructure exposure to permanent ground deformations (PGDs) caused by ALD and (ii) the extent of the potential PGD that the linear infrastructure may be subjected to. The Monte Carlo technique is applied to simulate and assess the sensitivity of the model to parameters such as earthquake magnitude and source-to-site distance. Findings from this study can be used to evaluate the vulnerability of linear infrastructures exposed to the ALD hazard.
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Gasanov, G. N., Sh K. Salikhov, M. A. Yahiyaev, and V. V. Semenova. "NITROGEN RESERVES AND BALANCE IN PHYTOCENOSES OF THE HIGH-MOUNTAIN SUBPROVINCIA OF DAGESTAN." Scientific Life 16, no. 4 (2021): 447–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.35679/1991-9476-2021-16-4-447-456.
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The purpose of the work is to determine the content and reserves of nitrogen, its balance in the ecosystems of the northern and southern expositions of the Mayak Mountain in the Highlands of Dagestan. For the first time, calculations of nitrogen reserves and balance in phytocenoses were performed for the High-mountain subprovincion of Dagestan. Methods. The study was conducted in 2012-2019 on the territory of the Gunib base of the Mountain Botanical Garden of the Russian Academy of Sciences. A protected regime was introduced at the experimental sites to exclude anthropogenic impact. The plots are located on the slopes of Mount Mayak: south (2100 m above sea level with a slope of 350), north (2070 m above sea level with a slope of 100). The nitrogen content in the phytomass was determined by wet salting. Nitrogen reserves and balance in phytocenoses were determined by the method of A. A. Titlyanova. Results. The productivity of phytomass on the slopes of Mount Mayak was at the northern and southern exposures: in the aboveground mass-69.62 and 66.50 c/ha * year; in the underground mass-2.07-2.10 times more. Most of the nitrogen reserves were on the slope of the northern exposure, which was probably due to the leaching of nitrogen from the soil, due to the great steepness of the southern slopes. The input part of the nitrogen balance in the phytocenoses of the Highlands of Dagestan during the decomposition of the underground mass was from 68.57 to 68.80%, depending on the slope exposure. During the decomposition of aboveground phytomass, 27.29-27.64% were received. Nitrogen fixation and intake with atmospheric precipitation amounted to a total of 3.69-4.32%. The main part of the expenditure item of the nitrogen balance accounts for the creation of net primary production of phytocenoses – 98.25-98.50%. Denitrification was 0.94-1.10%, leaching from the soil was 0.56-0.66%. In the studied protected areas, a positive nitrogen balance of + 8.47 and + 6.2 was found on the northern and southern slopes.
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Melnic, Rodica, and Emilian Mocanu. "Ecological assessment of the pastures from the extravilan of the locality of Cimișlia." Journal of Botany XIII, no. 2(23) (January 2022): 78–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.52240/1857-2367.2021.2(23).09.
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The productivity of the pastures is influenced by the ecological conditions - climate, relief, geological composition, hydrographic network, soil cover. According to the research, they highlighted some legitimacy of the level of pasture productivity depending on the relief elements – exposure, slope, altitude and shape of the slopes, heat and humidity insurance. In the conditions of the northeastern slope, the production of meadows was higher compared to that obtained on the southwestern slope. In all variants, the production of meadows decreases from the upper to the middle of the slopes and considerably increases to the lower slopes. Meadow productivity decreased from cambic chernozem (4517 kg / ha) to common chernozem (3718 kg / ha) and carbonate chernozem (1677 kg / ha). On marshy alluvial soils the production of meadows is high, but of a lower quality.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Slope exposure"
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Strömberg, Linda, and Matilda Karlsson. "The Sensitivity of Banks’ Stock Returns to Interest Rate Exposure : How Major Swedish Banks’ Stock Returns Are Affected by Changes in Interest Rates and in the Slope of the Yield Curve." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Företagsekonomi, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-158652.
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Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine how changes in long and short interest rates as well as in the slope of the yield curve affect the stock returns of the four major Swedish banks; Svenska Handelsbanken, Nordea Bank, Swedbank, and Skandinaviska Enskilda Banken. Further, the aim of the research is to compare these findings to how the banks perceive that such changes affect their stock returns. The objective is thereof to detect differences and similarities between regressions and interviews, in order to contribute with insights to how the banks can handle their exposure to interest rate risk. Theoretical Framework: Previous research show that banks’ stock returns are affected by many factors, including cash flow news, interest rates, size of the business, and the macroeconomy as a whole. However, banks’ interest rate margins are set to market rates so these are more exposed to and affected by changes in interest rates, especially short ones, than are non-financial institutions. Furthermore, the low interest rate levels and forecasting errors that have been seen lately have contributed to greater uncertainty and higher risk exposures, making banks’ sensitivity increase. Methodology: A mixture of a qualitative and a quantitative methodology is used, where the former consists of interviewing the banks and the latter of regressions through secondary data from Thomson Reuters Eikon and the Riksbank. Conclusion: The major Swedish banks’ stock returns are generally affected by changes in short interest rates but not by changes in long interest rates, with the exception of Handelsbanken being impervious to all such changes. Swedbank’s stock returns are most sensitive than the other banks’ stock returns and it is the only bank affected by changes in the yield curve slope. However, the banks seem to perceive no crucial difference in how their stock returns are affected by changes in short interest rates and long interest rates, concluding that their perceptions of long interest rates are not as in line with our results as are their perceptions of short interest rates. However, it tends to be a more diffuse relationship between changes in long interest rates and stock returns than between changes in short interest rates and stock returns.
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Matulová, Lucie. "Vzdělávací centrum ZOO Brno - Bystrc." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta architektury, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-215998.
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The aim is to rebuild the existing administrative building Zoos Brno on educational center focusing on environmental education with the solution adjacent territory. The project works with real data coming from the Strategy ZOO Brno and staff training requirements section. By extending an object southeast and southwest areas and created more appropriately directed primarily to greenhouse cultivation area. The requirement was to expand the facilities especially for young naturalists club, which now has only one room and a library. Therefore, the proposed additional four clubhouses, locker rooms and a room for small breeds. From the hallway there is access to a greenhouse, which in the southeastern part directly connected to the Ceylon leopard enclosure. At the entry level, in addition to the lecture hall of the newly found classroom with dressing rooms for educational programs for kindergarten and elementary school. In the investigated area are working with the idea of linking different areas - the lower and upper respiratory adventure trail of wooden blocks or left and right of the area around it exposure tailed lemur. Also, the building is connected with the environment , whether visually walking through the roof with views of the surrounding exposures, or rope bridge that connects the roof to the opposite slope and membrane indoor seating for outdoor training programs. Thus , visitors can choose according to the physical condition of a number of different routes, each of which provides interesting insights. For the sake of clarity and illumination will rise prokácen and left behind only grown trees . Because of the steep slope will need landscaping , making terraces arise - especially in the area of membrane roofing and contact exposure of lemurs.
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Oliveira, Jean Lucas Pereira. "Influência da declividade e exposição no desenvolvimento do milho (Zea mays L.) /." Jaboticabal, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/192273.
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Orientador: Carlos Eduardo Angeli FurlaniResumo: Visto que a demanda de produção de alimentos é crescente no mundo, surge a necessidade de se utilizar melhor os recursos disponíveis nas áreas de cultivo agrícola. O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar o efeito da interação entre declividades do terreno e exposição à radiação solar no desenvolvimento e produtividade da cultura do milho em cada uma das condições de superfície e, além disso, avaliar o índice de estresse hídrico da cultura. O experimento foi conduzido na safra 2018/2019 no município de Jaboticabal, SP, Brasil, na FCAV/UNESP, em estrutura que simula diferentes condições de exposições e declividades. No primeiro, o delineamento utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado, em esquema 6x4 com cinco repetições, sendo seis declividades (0,10,20,30,40 e 50%) e quatro exposições (Norte, Sul, Leste e Oeste). Foram avaliados componentes fitotécnicos da cultura: altura e massa de matéria seca de planta, massa de mil grãos, produtividade. No segundo trabalho, foram utilizadas três declividades (0, 30 e 50%) e duas exposições (Norte e Sul). Após verificação da normalidade dos dados, usou-se análise de variância pelo Teste F e, quando necessário, aplicou-se o teste de Tukey (p<0,05) para comparação das médias. A exposição da cultura do milho influenciou no desenvolvimento das variáveis diâmetro do colmo, massa de grãos, número de fileiras por espiga e produtividade. O índice de estresse hídrico varia de acordo com a exposição a que as plantas estão submetidas aos raios solares.
Abstract: Since the demand for food production is growing in the world, there is a need to make better use of the resources available in agricultural cultivation areas. The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of the interaction between land slopes and exposure to solar radiation on the development and productivity of the corn crop in each of the surface conditions and, in addition, to evaluate the water stress index of the crop. The experiment was conducted in the 2018/2019 harvest in the municipality of Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil, at FCAV / UNESP, in a structure that simulates different conditions of exposures and declivity. In the first, the design used was completely randomized, in a 6x4 scheme with five repetitions, six slopes (0.10,20,30,40 and 50%) and four exposures (North, South, East and West). Crop phytotechnical components were evaluated: height and dry matter of plant, mass of a thousand grains, productivity. In the second study, three slopes (0, 30 and 50%) and two exposures (North and South) were used. After verifying the normality of the data, analysis of variance was used by the F Test and, when necessary, the Tukey test (p <0.05) was applied to compare the means. The exposure of the corn crop influenced the development of the stem diameter, grain mass, number of rows per ear and productivity variables. The water stress index varies according to the exposure to which the plants are exposed to sunlight.
Mestre
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liou, May-Ven, and 廖美雯. "The Study of Surface Erosion on the Vegetation Exposure Slope — A Case study from the Collapse Lands." Thesis, 2002. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/53395186590009608664.
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碩士國立海洋大學
河海工程學系碩士在職專班
90
Debris flow is the key issue for collapse lands. The factors that cause the debris flow to occur are soil mass, rainfall, and topography. The index of checking debris flow is the vegetation condition. In this paper, two sites of studies on vegetation condition are performing. The relationship between vegetation condition and mechanism of debris flow was also addressed. The analytical parameters are vegetation rate, rainfall, and soil loss. The study result indicates that different vegetation condition shows different quantity of soil loss in the same slope and rainfall condition.
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Bardelli, Tommaso. "Carbon pools and microbiota along an alpine soil climosequence." Doctoral thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2158/1120009.
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High mountain ecosystems offer ideal sequential scenarios for monitoring carbon (C) dynamics due to their sensitivity to changing environmental conditions. In this context, slope aspect and altitude are considered important topographical features affecting the local microclimate (i.e., temperature and precipitation patterns) and in consequence soil weathering and biogeochemical processes with implications for both ecosystem regulation and C feedbacks. Within forest ecosystems, deadwood is an essential structural and functional component as a reservoir for biological diversity and nutrient stocks (C–store). Therefore, the present work focuses on the influence of climate on soil features and deadwood decomposition dynamics as a function of different thermal conditions due to different slope exposure (north- vs. south-facing slopes) and altitude (from 1200 m to 2400 m above sea level) in (sub)alpine ecosystems in the Italian Alps.
This thesis offers a general introduction (Chapter I) and a compilation of papers in peer-reviewed journals. Following the intro, Chapter II deals with the main changes in composition, activity and diversity of the soil autochthonous microbiota in terms of slope exposure along the altitudinal climosequence in combination with a comprehensive overview of the soil physico-chemical properties. The findings show that the slope exposure largely influenced both edaphic properties and soil microbiota, even though such effects were altitude-dependent for most of the studied parameters. In particular, the three microbial domains (bacteria, fungi and archaea) responded differently to exposure in terms of abundance. Accordingly, enzyme type-specific reactions to slope exposure and altitude were also observed in this scenario.
In Chapter III, the influence of slope exposure was determined on both the autochthonous soil microbiota and mesofauna, with a special focus on Enchytraeid community under different soil ground covers in subalpine forest ecosystems. The discriminatory assessment of the extracellular (eDNA) and intracellular (iDNA) fractions of the total soil DNA pool (soil metagenome) provided a new perspective on the exposure effects on soil microbiota, i.e., an index of soil microbial activity as well as information about the vertical distribution of eDNA through the soil layers. Overall, microannelids appeared to be sensitive, accurate and reliable biological indicators in these forested subalpine soils, showing a higher abundance at the north-facing slope on account of strong acidity indicator species. Furthermore, the exposure was found to be more determinant for shaping the composition of microannelid assemblages than the ground cover type.
In Chapter IV, the exposure-effects on the abundance and activity of the wood-inhabiting microbiota (bacteria, fungi and archaea) and selected microbial groups related to the nitrogen cycle (ammonia-oxidising bacteria (AOB) and nitrogen fixers’ nifH gene) of Picea abies coarse woody debris were evaluated at different stages of natural decay (five-decay class study). All in all, higher microbial abundances were registered at the cooler, moister and more acidic north-facing slope and such exposure-effects (N>S) were in general more evident for the advanced decay stages. Accordingly, a more pronounced physical cell wood damage (by X-ray microtomography) together with a higher microbial activity (lower eDNA/iDNA ratio) was observed at the northern slope with respect to the southern slope. Furthermore, the impact of exposure was enzyme-specific and strongly dependent on the decay stage.
Finally, in Chapters V and VI, the physico-chemical and microbiological changes in both P. abies wood blocks and the underlying forest soil were monitored – in a field mesocosm experiment – as a function of slope exposure and time. This experiment attributed shifts in the wood- and soil-inhabiting microbiota to different exposure-related thermal and moisture conditions. In particular, moisture conditions played a more prominent role at the subalpine sites, inducing shifts in the wood and soil microbial communities in terms of abundance and activity, while the influence of temperature was more dominant at the alpine sites.
Summarized, the findings of this work provide insights into the interrelation between soil micro- and mesofauna in the Alpine topography, as well as into the shifts in microbial communities during the dynamic process of deadwood decomposition, thus contributing to unravel the complex picture of forest ecosystem functioning under future climate scenarios.
Books on the topic "Slope exposure"
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Wright, A. G. Signal-induced background. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199565092.003.0011.
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Signal-induced background has a time dependence that distinguishes it from the sources discussed in Chapter 6. These events refer to a progression in which a signal generates a subsequent one, correlated in time to the initial detection. The timescale for correlated background ranges from nanoseconds to days. The earliest signal is a prepulse generated by a photon incident on d1. Late pulses relate to the k-to-d1, and k-to-anode transit time. The next category, the afterpulses, spans ~100 ns to 10 μs, with a peaked time distribution. There is a long-lived source of photons, extending to days and caused by exposure of a photomultiplier to bright light or to nuclear radiation. Afterpulses contribute to the slope of a photon-counting plateau characteristic, distort fluorescent decay, and pulse shape discrimination measurements. They also affect resolution, and processes of a statistical nature.
Book chapters on the topic "Slope exposure"
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Wijaya, I. Putu Krishna, Peeranan Towashiraporn, Anish Joshi, Susantha Jayasinghe, Anggraini Dewi, and Md Nurul Alam. "Climate Change-Induced Regional Landslide Hazard and Exposure Assessment for Aiding Climate Resilient Road Infrastructure Planning: A Case Study in Bagmati and Madhesh Provinces, Nepal." In Progress in Landslide Research and Technology, Volume 1 Issue 1, 2022, 175–84. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-16898-7_12.
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AbstractNepal’s hilly and mountainous regions are highly susceptible to landslides triggered by extreme precipitations. The prevalence of such landslides has increased due to climate change-induced extreme hydro-meteorological conditions. These recurring landslides have significantly impacted the road transport infrastructure, which is the economic lifeline for cities and socio-economic mobility of rural communities in the hilly and mountainous regions of the country. This study modelled extreme rainfall scenarios for the current 1976–2005 baseline and future horizons of 2030, 2050, and 2080 to develop high-resolution 1 km × 1 km mean precipitation datasets under RCP4.5 and RCP8.5. Based on these extreme precipitation scenarios, we developed high-resolution landslide hazard models adopting integrated weighted index by combining the Frequency Ratio (FR) and Analytical Hierarchical Process (AHP) methods using multi-variate factors. The multi-variate factors included three terrain parameters—slope, aspect, and elevation; two soil parameters—lithology and soil type; two Euclidean distance parameters from the likely sources—distance from the lineaments and distance from the stream/river; an anthropogenic parameter—land use; and the climate parameter—the mean annual rainfall for four-time horizons and two RCPs. These parameters were spatially modelled and combined using the weighted overlay method to generate a landslide hazard model. As demonstration case studies, the landslide hazard models were developed for Bagmati and Madhesh provinces. The models were validated using the Receiver Operating Characteristic curve (ROC) approach, which showed a satisfactory 81–86% accuracy in the study area. Spatial exposure analysis of the road network assets under the Strategic Road Network (SRN) was completed for seven landslide hazard scenarios. In both Bagmati and Madhesh provinces, the exposure analysis showed that the proportion of road sections exposed to landslide hazard significantly increases for the future climate change scenarios compared to the current baseline scenario.
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Macelloni, Myrta Maria, Elisabetta Corte, Andrea Ajmar, Alberto Cina, Fabio Giulio Tonolo, Paolo Felice Maschio, and Isabella Nicole Pisoni. "Multi-platform, Multi-scale and Multi-temporal 4D Glacier Monitoring. The Rutor Glacier Case Study." In Geomatics for Green and Digital Transition, 392–404. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-17439-1_29.
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AbstractAt present most alpine glaciers are not in equilibrium with the current climate, as a result they are undergoing a dramatic mass loss. Monitoring glacial variations is crucial to assess the consequences of climate change on the territory. In this work different geomatics techniques are exploited to measure and monitor the Rutor glacier over the years. In this study two different techniques were adopted to generate 3 digital surface models (DSMs): aerial and satellite photogrammetry. Two photogrammetric aerial surveys were carried out: at the end of the hydrological year 2019/20 and at the end of the following hydrological year. Additionally, a very high-resolution satellite stereo pair, acquired by the Pléiades-1A platform in 2017, was processed to assess whether satellite images can be applied to extract the 3D surface of the Rutor glacier. In order to evaluate the Rutor glacier mass-balance throughout the years several reference points were positioned and measured before the 2021 aerial flight. Thanks to the presence of the materialized points the 2021 model is considered as the ‘Reference Model’ against which subsequent models can be compared for glacier analysis. This model was validated by means of a comparison with the authoritative Regional DSM based on LiDAR surveys. In alpine glaciers, the positioning of artificial square cross target in time invariant areas is crucial to enable a multitemporal 4D analysis. The use of very high-resolution satellite imagery allows large areas to be mapped in 3D, but with lower accuracies proportionally decreasing with respect to slope and exposure.
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Abante, Ana Marie R. "The Exposure-Happenstance Concept Model: A Case Study Within the Foot Slopes of Mayon Volcano, Albay, Philippines." In Recent Advances in Environmental Science from the Euro-Mediterranean and Surrounding Regions (2nd Edition), 2031–37. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-51210-1_318.
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"slope exposure." In Dictionary Geotechnical Engineering/Wörterbuch GeoTechnik, 1250. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-41714-6_194434.
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"exposure [n], slope." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Landscape and Urban Planning, 320. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-76435-9_4381.
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"slope exposure [n]." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Landscape and Urban Planning, 921. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-76435-9_13054.
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Berra, Fabrizio, and Flavio Jadoul. "Facies types and architecture of a Triassic high relief carbonate system terminated by subaerial exposure (Lombardy, Southern Alps, N Italy)." In Field guides to exceptionally exposed carbonate outcrops, 265–309. International Association of Sedimentologists, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.54780/iasfg3/06.
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The goal of the field itinerary is to illustrate the facies and architecture of a Triassic high-relief carbonate platform (lithostratigraphically known as Esino Limestone; Lombardy, N Italy), similar in age and evolution to the more renowned coeval carbonate platforms of the Dolomites (NE Italy) and the coeval basinal facies. In the central Southern Alps dolomitization is less pervasive with respect to the Dolomites, so that the facies preservation is spectacular, allowing for the observation of detailed depositional and diagenetic features. Furthermore, the visited platform outcrops provide the unique opportunity to observe the sedimentological record of its demise, freezing the architecture of a platform that lasted for about 5 Myr (from close to the Anisian-Ladinian boundary to the Ladinian-Carnian boundary), from the platform top to the basin. The complete section of this Ladinian-Carnian (Middle-Upper Triassic) high-relief carbonate platform is exposed along the Brembana Valley, north of the city of Bergamo. Facies types can be observed in selected outcrops during the field trip, whereas seismic scale geometric and stratigraphic relationships (from the platform top to the slope and basinal setting), can be observed from selected viewpoints. The carbonate platform system reaches a thickness of up to 800 m, with a platform-basin relief of more than 600 m at the end of its evolution. The field itinerary crosses the entire system, from the inner platform to the basin, of one of the best-preserved Triassic carbonate platforms of the Southern Alps of Italy. Inner platform (subtidal to peritidal cycles consisting of oncoidal-bioclastic packstone to grainstone capped by stromatolitic beds), reef (mostly microbial boundstone), slope (clast-supported, early-cemented poorly-selected breccias produced by collapses of the reef-upper slope belt) and basinal facies (dark, well-bedded limestone) facies are exposed in the visited outcrops. During a ‘geological dive’, from the platform top to the basin floor, the diverse subenvironments of the carbonate system can be observed, appreciating the variability of facies along the depositional profile. Each observation is framed in the seismic-scale geometry of the platform that can be appreciated from easily accessible viewpoints. The exceptionally well-preserved facies, as the facies-destructive dolomitization that heavily affects the spectacular coeval platforms of the Dolomites is here rare, permit to document in detail the depositional, early and late diagenetic events. The visited high-relief carbonate system is characterised by a rapid demise, recorded by changes in the facies associations that are exposed in some of the stops representative of different depositional environments: platform top, reef and slope. The abrupt demise of this carbonate system is marked by a major (probably earliest Carnian) sea-level fall associated with a climate change recorded in the different parts of the depositional system by major facies changes. On the platform top the demise is marked by regressive carbonate facies that have different sedimentological characteristics and thickness in the inner platform and in the reef belt. In the basin and on the slope the demise of the carbonate platform is associated with the abrupt input of clay in the basinal setting facing the progradational platform: the seismic-scale onlap relationships between the last prograding clinoform of the Esino Limestone (clast-supported breccias) and the overlying basinal clay can be observed in a spectacular outcrop along the platform slope.
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Haber, William A. "Plants and Vegetation." In Monteverde. Oxford University Press, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195095609.003.0009.
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The vegetation at Monteverde is characterized by two features that are immediately noted by visitors. The first is the overwhelming abundance of mosses, epiphytes, and tree trunk climbers in the cloud forest. The second is the striking variety of vegetation types, and consequent very high regional plant biodiversity, cramped into a small area by the narrow elevational zonation of habitats along the upper mountain slopes. This luxuriance and diversity have been important factors in the attraction of biologists to Monteverde. Lawton and Dryer (1980) described the characteristics and distribution of forest types in the upper Monteverde Cloud Forest Preserve (MCFP), emphasizing the effect of the northeast trade winds on forest structure. With exposure to the trade winds and the accompanying heavy mist and clouds, the forest is reduced in height, has a more broken canopy, and supports greater epiphyte loads. Areas in the lee of the winds develop a forest with less abundant epiphytes and mosses and much taller, straighter trees, forming a closed canopy and more open understory while the strong winds apparently limit the stature of the forest on the exposed ridges, the mist and rain carried in from the Atlantic side during the dry season maintain the diverse epiphyte community of the upper Pacific slope. In contrast, a short walk down the Pacific slope during the dry season leads to progressively drier vegetation zones where ferns, epiphytes, and climbers nearly disappear. Hartshorn (1983) described vegetation in the zones below the cloud forest, with a description of the Holdridge life zone system (Holdridge 1967) and the life zones in Monteverde. In this chapter, the focal area of the vegetation is the study area of the Monteverde Flora Project, which is more extensive than the area covered in the references cited above. The aim of the Monteverde Flora, a project of the Missouri Botanical Garden in collaboration with the Manual to the Plants of Costa Rica Project, is to collect and identify the flora of the Monteverde area and produce identification guides.
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Veiga, Artur José Pires, Eduardo Silveira Bernardes, Daniela Andrade Monteiro Veiga, Iris Fernanda Silva Bonfim, Jaqueline Silva Portela, and Fabiana Santos Silva. "Morphometric analysis of the Serra do Sincorá Geopark, using remote sensing and GIS." In COLLECTION OF INTERNATIONAL TOPICS IN HEALTH SCIENCE- V1. Seven Editora, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.56238/colleinternhealthscienv1-041.
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The study analyzed the morphometric characteristics of the Chapada Diamantina relief, covering Andaraí, Mucugê, Lençóis and Palmeiras municipalities, which delimits the mountain range of Sincorá, a geopark proposal to be submitted to UNESCO in the coming years. The works were carried out at the Technical Drawing Laboratory in UESB (Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia), using Remote Sensing and GIS (Geographic Information System). The orbital database used in raster format are the SRTM (Shuttle Radar Topograph System) elevation data with a grid of 30x30 meters and images from the LANDSAT 8 satellite, with a spatial resolution of 30 meters, bands 4-5-6, available in the USGS (United States Geological Survey) website service. Data in vector format were obtained from websites of Brazilian official institutes (EMBRAPA, IBGE, CPRM, MMA). The analysis first allowed to infer that the mountain range of Sincorá is oriented predominantly in the SW-NE direction, with 32 percent of its relief in this orientation; other alignments correspond to 19-12 percent of the total. Considering the altimetry, the predominant values were for elevations from 300 to 1300 meters, in 95% of the total area, although the maximum value found was 1700 meters of altitude. The relief was distributed as apartment surface, gently undulating, undulating, strongly undulating, mountainous and steep classes. The morphometric data of the relief were produced in 3D modeling, represented with texture from satellite images, grayscale, hypsometry, slope, shaded image and exposure of slopes, with spatial analysis. The results are expected to allow other researchers and technicians to work their planning and management actions with them, especially those from the region of geopark proposal.
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Merino Tome, Oscar, Giovanna Della Porta, Aurelien Pierre, Jeroen Kenter, Christophe Durlet, and Klaas Verwer. "Lower and Middle Jurassic platforms and ramps from the High Atlas of Morocco." In Field guides to exceptionally exposed carbonate outcrops, 311–93. International Association of Sedimentologists, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.54780/iasfg3/07.
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The Central High Atlas of Morocco offers exceptional outcrop exposures of Jurassic carbonate platforms. Extensively studied in terms of geometry, facies, biostratigraphy and sequence stratigraphy, the two examples illustrated in this field guide provide key information relative to facies and geometry of Jurassic carbonate systems developed in extensional basins during rift to post-rift extensional phases. Both outcrops display several km-scale, structurally intact and fully accessible transects from platform to basin that provide highly valuable analogues for facies character, architecture and depositional geometries at reservoir and seismic scales, which are highly relevant for academic investigations and hydrocarbon exploration and production. The Djebel Bou Dahar (DBD) is a Lower Jurassic high-relief carbonate platform with steep slopes that developed on the footwall of a rotating fault block in a half-graben. The DBD field excursions offer the opportunity to visit: 1) well-exposed and fully accessible platform to slope transects, which can provide highly valuable information about outer platform, margin and slope lithofacies character and distribution; and 2) outstanding outcrops exposing a complete N-S oriented transect through the carbonate stratigraphy that allows the reconstruction of its evolution through time. The Amellago ramp (AR) outcrop exposes a 37 km-long transect of Toarcian to Aalenian (Lower to Middle Jurassic) low-angle prograding carbonate ramp rich in ooids, with gradual facies changes from supratidal carbonates to offshore marls in the basin. The AR field excursions provide one of the rare examples whereby a large-scale ooidal ramp can be continuously examined in great detail, providing an analogue for a range of ooidal reservoirs associated with post-rift thermal subsidence.
Conference papers on the topic "Slope exposure"
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Xie, Weimei, Yanpeng Chen, and Shirui Yu. "Relationship between Normalized Image Log Slope and Exposure Latitude in advanced technodes." In 2022 International Workshop on Advanced Patterning Solutions (IWAPS). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iwaps57146.2022.9972325.
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Ekechukwu, O. V., Howard O. Njoku, and Gerald U. Akubue. "Measured Performances of an Augmented [Double-Exposure Absorber-Plate] Single-Slope Solar Still." In ISES Solar World Congress 2011. Freiburg, Germany: International Solar Energy Society, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.18086/swc.2011.05.02.
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Pinskoy, Viktor, Idris Idrisov, Maxim Eltsov, Alexander Bukhonov, and Anastasia Potapova. "INFLUENCE OF SLOPE EXPOSURE ON THE SOILS OF AGRICULTURAL TERRACES IN THE EASTERN CAUCASUS." In 20th International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference Proceedings SGEM 2020. STEF92 Technology, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2020/3.1/s13.058.
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Porter, Michael, Alex Baumgard, and K. Wayne Savigny. "A Hazard and Risk Management System for Large Rock Slope Hazards Affecting Pipelines in Mountainous Terrain." In 2002 4th International Pipeline Conference. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2002-27242.
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Pipelines and other linear facilities that traverse mountainous terrain may be subject to rock fall and rock slide hazards. A system is required to determine which sites pose the greatest hazard to the facility. Once sites are ranked according to hazard exposure, a risk management program involving inspection, monitoring, contingency planning and/or mitigation can be implemented in a systematic and defensible manner. A hazard rating methodology was developed to identify and characterize rock slope hazards above a South American Concentrate Pipeline, and to provide a relative ranking of hazard exposure for the pipeline, an access road and operational personnel. The rating methodology incorporates the geometry of the right-of-way, estimated pipe depth, staff and vehicle occupancy time, failure mechanism and magnitude, and the annual probability of hazard occurrence. This information is used in a risk-based framework to assign relative hazard ratings within rock slope sections of relatively uniform hazard exposure. This paper outlines a general framework for natural hazard and risk management along linear facilities, describes the rock slope hazard rating methodology, and illustrates how the system was applied along a South American Concentrate Pipeline.
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Weeks, B., and G. W. Wilson. "The Impact of Slope and Exposure on the Design of Soil Covers in Three Dimensions." In Fourth International Conference on Unsaturated Soils. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40802(189)52.
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Elsner, Ann E., and Stephen A. Burns. "Models of photopigment kinetics: changes with age." In OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1989.fa4.
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Two methods have been used to describe the changes with light level and age of photopigment kinetics: color matching (which is little influenced by increased scattered light with aging) and retinal densitometry (which is influenced by both pigment optical density and photoreceptor coverage). Using a color matching technique, we have reported that for the foveal cones, the amount of light required to bleach half of the photopigment (halfbleach illuminance) decreases with age after 30 yr, while the optical density of the functioning cones does not.1 We now report that there is also a significant difference [X2(1), p < 0.005] between observers younger than vs older than 40 yr in the slope of the function of retinal illuminance vs proportion of pigment bleached at equilibrium. These data are inconsistent with a single compartment first-order model in two ways: (1) it cannot account for a slope change and (2) measured slopes, even for the older observers, are much too steep. The difference between age groups does not mimic that of greater vs lesser exposure to light by younger observers, in which there is a change in the slope but not in the half-bleach illuminance. The data are qualitatively similar to retinal densitometry reports of slower regeneration changes with aging.
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Rysin, Ivan I. "GEOECOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF GULLY EROSION WITHIN THE ANTHROPOGENIC LANDSCAPES OF UDMURTIA." In Treshnikov readings – 2021 Modern geographical global picture and technology of geographic education. Ulyanovsk State Pedagogical University named after I. N. Ulyanov, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.33065/978-5-907216-08-2-2021-231-232.
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The article analyzes the gully head retreat for the period from 1998 to 2018, depending on geological and geomorphological factors (the composition of eroded rocks, the area of the gully’s top catchment, the length of runoff lines, the depth of the local erosion basis, the average slope and the slope exposure. The analysis uses indicators of growth of 168 heads of gully’s that develop in different landscape conditions of the Udmurt Republic. The results of correlation analysis are presented.
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Kimura, Kazuhiro, and Kota Sawada. "Creep Deformation Property and Creep Life Evaluation of Super304H." In ASME 2020 Pressure Vessels & Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2020-21623.
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Abstract Creep deformation behavior, creep strength property and microstructural evolution during creep exposure were investigated on Super 304H steel for boiler tube. In the high stress and lower temperature regime, creep rupture strength of Super 304H steel is higher than that of SUS304H steel. The slope of stress vs. time to rupture curve of Super 304H steel, however, becomes steeper with increases in creep exposure time and temperature, and the creep rupture strength of Super 304H steel becomes closer to that of SUS304H steel after the tens of thousands of hours at 700°C (1292°F) and above. In the short-term, at 600°C (1112°F), creep rupture ductility increases with increase in creep rupture life. However, it tends to decrease after showing this maximum value and the creep rupture ductility decreases with increase in temperature. The complex shape of creep rate vs. time curves, with two minima in creep rate, was observed at 600°C (1112°F). Several type precipitates of niobium carbonitride (Nb(C,N)), Z phase (NbCrN), and copper were observed in Super 304H steel, as well as M23C6 carbide and sigma phase observed in SUS304H steel. The change in slope of stress vs. time to rupture curve is caused by disappearance of precipitation strengthening effect during creep exposure. Accuracy of creep rupture life evaluation was improved by stress range splitting method which takes into account the change in slope of stress vs. time to rupture curves was demonstrated.
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Romanenko, V. N. "PERIODS OF ACTIVITY DERMACENTOR RETICULATUS IN THE TAIGA ZONE." In V International Scientific Conference CONCEPTUAL AND APPLIED ASPECTS OF INVERTEBRATE SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH AND BIOLOGICAL EDUCATION. Tomsk State University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/978-5-94621-931-0-2020-75.
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The range of D. reticulatus ticks mainly covers forest-steppe and steppe, where they occupy open spaces. The discovery of high-abundance populations of this tick in the taiga zone is a rare phenomenon. On the outskirts of the city of Tomsk, on the coastal slope of the Tom River of the south-southwestern exposure, such a population was found in 2015. In 2018, this species was also found on the slope of the southern exposure, on the outskirts of the city, which has a very rare young stand. In contrast to the coastal slope, people practically did not appear here, which made it possible to trace the natural dynamics of the population and, using marks, determine the duration of their life. Here, mites appeared on the surface immediately after the snow melted. The spring period of activity lasted until the end of June, then during July there was a summer diapause, and in the beginning of August the autumn period of activity began. The number in spring was higher than in autumn. The life span, as shown by the tagging, in this area, is no more than 1 year.
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McCarthy, D., L. Close, B. McLeod, and M. Rieke. "Infrared Imaging Using a Tip/Tilt Secondary Mirror." In Adaptive Optics for Large Telescopes. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/aolt.1992.awa5.
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A rapidly tiltable secondary mirror has been implemented at the 2.3 m telescope to provide real-time correction (~100 Hz) of atmospheric fluctuations in wavefront slope. Infrared wavelengths are used for both wavefront sensing and long exposure imaging.
Reports on the topic "Slope exposure"
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MASYUTENKO, M. N., and N. P. MASYUTENKO. THE INFLUENCE OF THE CROP ROTATION WITH CEREAL CROPS AND GRASSES ON THE CONTENT AND COMPOSITION OF ORGANIC MATTER IN TYPICAL CHERNOZEM DEPENDING ON SLOPE EXPOSURE. ФГБОУ ВО Курская ГСХА, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18411/issn1997-0749.2019-04-01.
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