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Sinambela, D. P., D. Bakti, M. C. Tobing, and Y. M. Kusumah. "Molecular characterization of Spodoptera litura Nucleopolyhedrovirus (SlNPV) Labuhan Batu isolate." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 974, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 012011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/974/1/012011.
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Abstract Spodoptera litura F. is a new pest that potentially becomes a serious pest threatening palm oil industry. The control can be carried out using biological control agents S.litura Nucleopolyhedrovirus (SlNPV). Molecular approach using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has been used to characterize the SlNPV isolate. The aim of this study was to determine the molecular characteristics of SlNPV Labuhan Batu isolate based on DNA sequence analysis. The NPV isolate was collected from oil palm plantation Negeri Lama Estate Group, PT. Hari sawit Jaya, Asian Agri, Labuhan Batu. The SlNPV DNA extraction was conducted using the DNA gSYNC kit. The amplification of SlNPV DNA was done by specific primers with oligonucleotide sequences forward 5′-ACGTTACGATCTAGATCC-3′ and reverse 5′-AACGTTAGACAGACATAT-3′ with ±700bp of amplicon. Homology and phylogeny characteristics were used to determine the relationship of SlNPV isolate from Labuhan Batu to NPV from other countries were reported in the GeneBank of National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). The results showed that SlNPV isolate from Labuhan Batu had the closest related to SlNPV from Australia, SliNPV from Canada and SlNPV from China, with the similarity percentage 100%, 96% and 90% respectively. They belong to the same group as the NPVs that infected the Spodoptera genus.
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Hasanah, Uswatun, and Nanang Tri Haryadi. "EFEKTIVITAS BAHAN PELINDUNG Spodoptera litura NUCLEAR POLYHEDROSIS VIRUS (SlNPV) UNTUK MENGENDALIKAN Spodoptera litura (F.) PADA TANAMAN KEDELAI." Jurnal Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan 10, no. 3 (September 16, 2022): 148–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/ub.jurnalhpt.2022.010.3.5.
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Spodoptera litura dapat menyebabkan kehilangan hasil hingga 80% bahkan gagal panen. Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus merupakan agensi hayati dari kelompok patogen serangga famili Baculoviridae yang banyak digunakan sebagai agens hayati dan Spodoptera litura Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus (SlNPV) merupakan salah satu pemanfaatan NPV yang efektif dalam mengendalikan Spodoptera litura. Kendala penggunaan SlNPV yaitu tidak tahan terhadap sinar matahari sehingga perlu bahan pelindung agar virus tidak mengalami inaktif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh bahan pelindung dalam mempertahankan efektivitas SlNPV dari paparan sinar matahari. Penelitian dilakukan di rumah kaca dengan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) non faktorial. Perlakuan meliputi SlNPV 100 ml tanpa pemaparan UV A (a), SlNPV 100 ml tanpa bahan pelindung + UV A (b), SlNPV 100 ml + Molase 40% + UV A (c), SlNPV 100 ml + Kaolin 40% + UV A (d), SlNPV 100 ml + Tinopal 1% + UV A (e), SlNPV 100 ml + Sunblock SPF 50 5% + UV A (f). Setiap perlakuan diulang sebanyak 4 kali sehingga didapatkan 24 satuan percobaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada uji skala rumah kaca perlakuan SlNPV + kaolin 40% dapat menyebabkan mortalitas S. litura 92,5% diikuti oleh perlakuan SlNPV + molase 40% dengan mortalitas sebesar 75% pada pengamatan 9 hari setelah aplikasi. Kaolin efektif digunakan sebagai bahan pelindung SlNPV dibandingkan bahan pelindung lainnya karena dapat melindungi SlNPV dari paparan sinar Ultra Violet (UV) karena membentuk lapisan seperti lapisan film.
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Afidah, Nafisatul, Tutung Hadiastono, Bedjo Bedjo, and Fery Abdul Choliq. "Compatibility of Lemongrass Extract with Spodoptera litura Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus Against Spodoptera litura on Soybean Plants." Journal of Tropical Plant Protection 2, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 7–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/ub.jtpp.2021.002.1.2.
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Armyworm (Spodoptera litura) is an important pest that damages the leaves of soybean. SlNPV is one type of pathogen that has potential as a biocontrol agent to control armyworms because it is specific, selective, and effective. This study aimed to investigate the compatibility between the lemongrass and SlNPV in controlling armyworm. The Research was conducted at the Laboratory of Indonesian Legumes and Tuber Crops Research Institute (ILETRI) from February 2016 until April 2016. The study using completely randomized design with 7 treatments and 3 replication with a treatment that consists of control, SlNPV-JTM 97C 1,5 × 106 PIB/ml, 10% of lemongrass extract, a combination SlNPV-JTM 97C fixed concentrate of 1,5 × 106 PIB/ml with 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, and 10% of lemongrass extract. The results showed that the combination of SlNPV-JTM 97C 1.5 × 106 PIB/ml with 10% lemongrass had the highest level of virulence, with 96% of mortality on larva 100% on the pupa stage, so that the combination of SlNPV and lemongrass extracts was compatible in controlling S.litura.
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Putri, Nahdia, Tri Wardhani, Untung Sugiarti, Toto Suharjanto, and Firman Hidayat. "POTENSI MANGKOKAN (Nothopanax scutellarium) DAN KEMANGI (Ocimum sanctum L.) SEBAGAI UV PROTEKTAN SLNPV JTM 97C." Agrika 15, no. 1 (March 3, 2022): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.31328/ja.v15i1.3557.
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Spodoptera litura NPV (SlNPV) dapat berfungsi sebagai biopestisida yang digunakan untuk mengendalikan hama tanaman. SlNPV memiliki beberapa kelebihan dalam mengendalikan S. litura yaitu memiliki inang yang spesifik sehingga tidak membahayakan organisme selain hama sasaran maupun lingkungan. Kelemahannya adalah bahwa SlNPV menjadi inaktivasi setelah terpapar sinar ultraviolet (UV). SlNPV mulai kehilangan keefektifan setelah 12 jam terpapar sinar matahari secara langsung dan tingkat patogenitasnya (virulensi) menurun 50%. Upaya meningkatkan keefektifan SlNPV di lapangan dilakukan dengan rekayasa formulasi yaitu menyertakan bahan tambahan (adjuvant) yang dapat melindungi SlNPV dari sinar ultraviolet. Kaolin selama ini digunakan sebagai UV protektan bagi SlNPV JTM 97C karena sifat menghantarkan panasnya rendah tetapi bukan sumber daya alam terbarukan. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mencari bahan adjuvant sebagai UV protektan pengganti kaolin. Daun mangkokan dan daun kemangi memiliki potensi sebagai UV protektan karena mengandung senyawa flavonoid dan fenolik yang bermanfaat sebagai antioksidan dan berkhasiat sebagai tabir surya. Penelitian dilakukan secara faktorial dengan faktor pertama UV protektan berupa kaolin, ekstrak daun mangkokan & ekstrak daun kemangi. Faktor perlakuan kedua adalah durasi penyinaran. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa flavonoid, fenolik dan tanin pada ekstrak daun kemangi secara kualitatif lebih banyak dibanding ekstrak daun mangkokan. Pada 4 jam setelah inokulasi jumlah larva Spodotera litura yang stop feeding pada kombinasi perlakuan UV protektan kaolin yang disinari UV 9 jam lebih tinggi dibanding kombinasi perlakuan ekstrak daun kemangi yang disinari 6 jam, dan juga lebih tinggi dibanding perlakuan ekstrak daun mangkokan yang disinari UV 9 jam. Namun larva S. litura yang mati sampai dengan 10 hari setelah aplikasi tidak berbeda antara UV protektan kaolin, ekstrak daun kemangi dan ekstrak daun mangkokan. ABSTRACTSpodoptera litura NPV (SlNPV) can function as a biopesticide used to control plant pests. SlNPV has several advantages in controlling S. litura, namely specific host so that it does not harm organisms other than the target pest and the environment. The disadvantage is that SlNPV becomes inactivated upon exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light. SlNPV began to lose effectiveness after 12 hours of direct sunlight and decreased its pathogenicity (virulence) by 50%. Efforts to increase the effectiveness of SlNPV in the field are carried out by engineering formulations that include adjuvants that can protect SlNPV from ultraviolet light. Kaolin has been used as a UV protector for SlNPV JTM 97C because of its low heat conductivity, but it is not a renewable natural resource. This research was conducted to find adjuvants as UV protectors to replace kaolin. Mangkokan leaves and basil leaves have potential as UV protectors because they contain flavonoid and phenolic compounds that are useful as antioxidants and are efficacious as sunscreens. The research was carried out in a factorial experiment with the first factor was UV protectors in the form of caolin, mangkokan leaf & basil leaf extract. The second treatment factor is the duration of irradiation. The results showed that the flavonoids, phenolics and tannins in the basil leaf extract were qualitatively more than the mangkokan leaf extract. At 4 hours after inoculation the number of Spodotera litura larvae that stopped feeding in the combination of UV protectant kaolin treatment with 9 hours UV irradiation was higher than the combination of basil leaf extract treatment with 6 hours irradiation, and also higher than that of the mangkokan leaf extract treatment with 9 hours UV irradiation. . However, the larvae of S. litura that died up to 10 days after application did not differ between the UV protectors of kaolin, basil leaf extract and mangkokan leaf extract.
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Du, Quansheng, Dana Lehavi, Ouriel Faktor, Yipeng Qi, and Nor Chejanovsky. "Isolation of an Apoptosis Suppressor Gene of theSpodoptera littoralis Nucleopolyhedrovirus." Journal of Virology 73, no. 2 (February 1, 1999): 1278–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.73.2.1278-1285.1999.
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ABSTRACT Spodoptera frugiperda SF9 cells infected with mutants of the Autographa californica nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV) which lack a functional p35 gene undergo apoptosis, aborting the viral infection. The Spodoptera littoralis nucleopolyhedrovirus (SlNPV) was able to suppress apoptosis triggered by vΔP35K/pol+, an AcMNPVp35 null mutant. To identify the putative apoptotic suppressor gene of SlNPV, overlapping cosmid clones representing the entire SlNPV genome were individually cotransfected along with genomic DNA of vΔP35K/pol+. Using this complementation assay, we isolated a SlNPV DNA fragment that was able to rescue the vΔP35K/pol+ infection in SF9 cells. By further subcloning and rescue, we identified a novel SlNPV gene, Slp49. TheSlp49 sequence predicted a 49-kDa polypeptide with about 48.8% identity to the AcMNPV apoptotic suppressor P35. SLP49 displays a potential recognition site, TVTDG, for cleavage by death caspases. Recombinant AcMNPVs deficient inp35 bearing the Slp49 gene did not induce apoptosis and showed successful productive infections in SF9 cells, indicating that Slp49 is a functional homologue ofp35. A 1.5-kbp Slp49-specific transcript was identified in SF9 cells infected with SlNPV or with vAc496, a vΔP35K/pol+-recombinant bearing Slp49. The discovery of Slp49 contributes to the identification of important functional motifs conserved in p35-like apoptotic suppressors and to the future isolation of p35-like genes from other baculoviruses.
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Bayu, Marida Santi Yudha Ika, Yusmani Prayogo, and Gatut Wahyu Anggoro Susanto. "INTEGRATED BIOLOGICAL TECHNOLOGY TO CONTROL MUNGBEAN PESTS AND DISEASES." Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science 22, no. 1 (July 9, 2021): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/ijas.v22n1.2021.p8-16.
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The main constraints to increase mungbean production in Indonesia are pests and diseases. The application of integrated biological agents can improve the efficacy of controlling the mungbean pests and diseases. The study aimed to determine the efficacy of integrated biological agents to suppress mungbean pests and diseases. This field research was conducted from May to July 2018 using a randomized block design with seven treatments and four replicates. The treatments were: T1 = Trichol + NSP, T2 = Trichol + SlNPV, T3 = Trichol + NSP + SlNPV, T4 = Trichol + NSP + SlNPV + BeBas, T5 = Trichol + NSP + SlNPV + BeBas + GE, T6 = chemical pesticides, and T7 = control. The results showed that the highest efficacy occurred in T4 and T5 treatments which saved the yield loss from major pests and diseases attack, and did not differ significantly with chemical pesticides (T6). Treatments T4 was able to reduce the development of soil borne diseases by 3% and suppress Spodoptera litura attack by 9.8% as compared to chemical treatment. T4 was also more efficient than T5 because it uses less biological agents. The advantage of biological agents is compatible if they were used together with predators such as Oxyopes sp., Paederus sp. and Coccinella sp; and also Telenomus sp. and Trichogramma sp. parasitoids. On the other hand, the chemical pesticides (T6) killed all existing natural enemies. Therefore, T4 could be recommended for controlling mungbean pests and diseases.
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Syahroni, M. Novel Ghufron, and Nanang Tri Haryadi. "Uji Efektivitas Konsentrasi Spodoptera litura – Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus (SlNPV) JTM 97C Formulasi Bubuk Terhadap Larva Spodoptera litura Fabricius (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Pada Tanaman Kedelai." Jurnal Pengendalian Hayati 2, no. 2 (September 25, 2019): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.19184/jph.v2i2.17140.
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Spodoptera litura (armyworm) is an important leaf pest that is polyphagic and has a broad range of hosts. Spodoptera litura is the main pest in soybean plants and can cause up to 50% damage and often results in decreased productivity and even crop failure. Spodoptera litura is widespread in areas with hot and humid climates from the subtropics to the tropics. S. litura pests attack cultivation plants in the vegetative and generative phases. The prospect of insect pathogens as a substitute for chemical insecticides is quite good in terms of their effectiveness and impact on the environment. Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus (NPV) is one of the Baculoviridae viruses that infect the larval stage. Spodoptera litura Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus (SlNPV) is a pathogenic virus that infects armyworms. SlNPV JTM 97C is an effective isolate in controlling larvae of Spodoptera litura. The larvae used in this study were larval instar 4, instar 5, and instar 6. The study was conducted using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 6 treatments and 3 replications. The treatments consisted of controls, 1 g / l, 2g / l, 3 g / l, 4 g / l, and 5 g / l. Each treatment was applied to instar 4, instar 5 and 6 instar larvae. The results showed that SlNPV JTM 97C affected mortality, stopped eating and pupa formation of instar 4, instar 5 larvae, but did not affect instar 6 larvae. The younger the larval instar the higher the pathogenicity response.
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MASUDA, Toshio, Hidenori IWAHANA, and Kisaku AKUTU. "Studies on transovum transmission of the nuclear polyhedrosis virus of Spodoptera litura (SiNPV). I. Infection of SlNPV to the next generation larvae through the male moths contaminated with SlNPV." Japanese journal of applied entomology and zoology 34, no. 1 (1990): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1303/jjaez.34.1.
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Lu, Liqun, Quansheng Du, and Nor Chejanovsky. "Reduced Expression of the Immediate-Early Protein IE0 Enables Efficient Replication of Autographa californica Multiple Nucleopolyhedrovirus in Poorly Permissive Spodoptera littoralis Cells." Journal of Virology 77, no. 1 (January 1, 2003): 535–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.77.1.535-545.2003.
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ABSTRACT Infection of Spodoptera littoralis SL2 cells with the baculovirus Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV) results in apoptosis and low yields of viral progeny, in contrast to infection with S. littoralis nucleopolyhedrovirus (SlNPV). By cotransfecting SL2 cells with AcMNPV genomic DNA and a cosmid library representing the complete SlNPV genome, we were able to rescue AcMNPV replication and to isolate recombinant virus vAcSL2, which replicated efficiently in SL2 cells. Moreover, vAcSL2 showed enhanced infectivity for S. littoralis larvae compared to AcMNPV. The genome of vAcSL2 carried a 519-bp insert fragment that increased the distance between the TATA element and the transcriptional initiation site (CAGT) of immediate-early gene ie0. This finding correlated with low steady-state levels of IE0 and higher steady-state levels of IE1 (the product of the ie1 gene, a major AcMNPV transactivator, and a multifunctional protein) than of IE0. Mutagenesis of the ie0 promoter locus by insertion of the chloramphenical acetyltransferase (cat) gene yielded a new recombinant AcMNPV with replication properties identical to those of vAcSL2. Thus, the analysis indicated that increasing the steady-state levels of IE1 relative to IE0 should enable AcMNPV replication in SL2 cells. This suggestion was confirmed by constructing a recombinant AcMNPV bearing an extra copy of the ie1 gene under the control of the Drosophila hsp70 promoter. These results suggest that IE0 plays a role in the regulation of AcMNPV infection and show, for the first time, that significant improvement in the ability of AcMNPV to replicate in a poorly permissive cell line and organism can be achieved by increasing the expression of the main multiple functional protein, IE1.
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AHMED, YASMEIN E., HEBA YOUSEF, and SHIMAA M. DESOKY. "EFFECTS OF MELIA AZEDARACH METHANOL EXTRACT AND NUCLEOPOLYHEDROVIRUS (SLNPV) ON SPODOPTERA LITTORALIS (BOISD.)." Egyptian Journal of Agricultural Research 92, no. 2 (May 15, 2014): 513–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/ejar.2014.155173.
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Nasir, Sadia, Sadia Nazir, Rumeza Hanif, and Aneela Javed. "Glioblastoma Multiforme: Probing Solutions to Systemic Toxicity towards High-Dose Chemotherapy and Inflammatory Influence in Resistance against Temozolomide." Pharmaceutics 15, no. 2 (February 17, 2023): 687. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics15020687.
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Temozolomide (TMZ), the first-line chemotherapeutic drug against glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), often fails to provide the desired clinical outcomes due to inflammation-induced resistance amid inefficient drug delivery across the blood-brain barrier (BBB). The current study utilized solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNPs) for targeted delivery of TMZ against GBM. After successful formulation and characterization of SLNPs and conjugation with TMZ (SLNP-TMZ), their in-vitro anti-cancer efficacy and effect on the migratory potential of cancer cells were evaluated using temozolomide-sensitive (U87-S) as well as TMZ-resistant (U87-R) glioma cell lines. Elevated cytotoxicity and reduction in cell migration in both cell lines were observed with SLNP-TMZ as compared to the free drug (p < 0.05). Similar results were obtained in-vivo using an orthotopic xenograft mouse model (XM-S and XM-R), where a reduction in tumor size was observed with SLNP-TMZ treatment compared to TMZ. Concomitantly, higher concentrations of the drug were found in brain tissue resections of mice treated with SLNP-TMZ as compared to other vital organs than mice treated with free TMZ. Expression of inflammatory markers (Interleukin-1β, Interleukin-6 and Tumor Necrosis factor-α) in a resistant cell line (U87-R) and its respective mouse model (XM-R) were also found to be significantly elevated as compared to the sensitive U87-S cell line and its respective mouse model (XM-S). Thus, the in-vitro and in-vivo results of the study strongly support the potential application of SLNP-TMZ for TMZ-sensitive and resistant GBM therapy, indicatively through inflammatory mechanisms, and thus merit further detailed insights
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Erdiansyah, I., M. Syarief, and R. Taufika. "Virulence of Spodoptera Litura Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus (SLNPV) with kaolin as carrier material on spodoptera litura and tetragonula laeviceps on soybean." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 672, no. 1 (March 1, 2021): 012097. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/672/1/012097.
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Uge, Emerensiana, Eriyanto Yusnawan, and Yuliantoro Baliadi. "Pengendalian Ramah Lingkungan Hama Ulat Grayak (Spodoptera litura Fabricius) pada Tanaman Kedelai." Buletin Palawija 19, no. 1 (May 31, 2021): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/bulpa.v19n1.2021.p64-80.
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Spodoptera litura Fabricius (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) atau dikenal dengan ulat grayak merupakan hama penting pada tanaman kedelai dan beberapa jenis tanaman penting di Indonesia. Serangan S. litura dapat mengakibatkan kerusakan, bahkan kehilangan hasil pada tanaman kedelai. Gejala serangan berupa daun berlubang karena larva memakan jaringan daun hingga menyisakan epidermis dan tulang daun. Hama ini dilaporkan menyerang tanaman kedelai di sentra-sentra produksi di Indonesia yaitu Aceh, Jawa Barat, Jawa Tengah, Jawa Timur, Nusa Tenggara Barat, Sulawesi Selatan dan dan Sulawesi Tengah. Upaya pengendalian hama ulat grayak yang dilakukan petani adalah menggunakan pestisida sintetik, namun karena dampak negatif penggunaannya terhadap kesehatan manusia dan keseimbangan ekosistem alam, maka perlu adanya alternatif pengendalian yang dampak negatifnya rendah terhadap lingkungan. Beberapa teknologi pengendalian yang telah diteliti dan diketahui efektifitasnya antara lain; penggunaan Spodoptera litura nuclear polyhedrosis virus (SlNPV) (50-100%), cendawan entomopatogen Beauvaria bassiana (51-93%), Metarhizium anisopliae (93-100%), Nomuraea rileyi dan Lecanicillium lecanii (80-85%), Parasitoid (13-56%), predator Forficula auricularia (96%), nematoda entomopatogen Steinernematidae (30-51%), pestisida nabati (>30%), tanaman perangkap dan varietas tahan Aplikasi yang tepat akan mendukung perkembangbiakan spesies tersebut di alam sehingga akan terjadi siklus rantai makanan yang seimbang dan berkelanjutan. Komponen pengendalian ini dapat dimasukkan dalam pengendalian terpadu, sehingga serangan S. litura dapat ditekan, tanaman berproduksi optimal, keseimbangan ekosistem dapat dipertahankan, residu pestisida dapat diturunkan dan sistem pertanian berkelanjutan tercapai.
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Shin, Hocheol, Yujin Kim, and Sangyong Jon. "Abstract 684: Nanovaccine displaying immunodominant T cell epitopes of fibroblast activation protein is effective against desmoplastic tumors." Cancer Research 83, no. 7_Supplement (April 4, 2023): 684. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2023-684.
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Abstract Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), which are dominant cell types in the tumor microenvironment (TME), support tumor growth by secreting cytokines and forming an extracellular matrix (ECM) that hampers penetration of chemical and biological therapeutics within the tumor and thereby limits their therapeutic efficacy. Here, we report a cancer nanovaccine targeting fibroblast activation protein alpha (FAP)-expressing CAFs as a potential pan-tumor vaccine. We predicted immunodominant FAP-specific epitope peptides and selected two candidate peptides after in vitro and in vivo screening for immunogenicity and antitumor efficacy. Next, we developed a nanoparticle-based vaccine that displays the two selected epitope peptides on the surface of lipid nanoparticles encapsulating CpG adjuvant (FAPPEP-SLNPs). Immunization with one of two FAPPEP-SLNP nanovaccines led to considerable growth inhibition of various tumors, including desmoplastic tumors, by depleting FAP+ CAFs and thereby reducing ECM production in the TME while causing little appreciable adverse effects. Furthermore, when combined with a chemotherapeutic drug, the FAPPEP-SLNP nanovaccine increased drug accumulation and resulted in a synergistic antitumor efficacy far better than that of each corresponding monotherapy. These findings suggest that our FAPPEP-SLNP nanovaccine has potential for use as an “off-the-shelf” pan-tumor vaccine applicable to a variety of tumors and may be a suitable platform for use in various combination therapies. Citation Format: Hocheol Shin, Yujin Kim, Sangyong Jon. Nanovaccine displaying immunodominant T cell epitopes of fibroblast activation protein is effective against desmoplastic tumors [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 684.
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Asif, Afzal Haq, Prasanna Kumar Desu, Rajasekhar Reddy Alavala, Gudhanti Siva Naga Koteswara Rao, Nagaraja Sreeharsha, and Girish Meravanige. "Development, Statistical Optimization and Characterization of Fluvastatin Loaded Solid Lipid Nanoparticles: A 32 Factorial Design Approach." Pharmaceutics 14, no. 3 (March 8, 2022): 584. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics14030584.
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The purpose of the present research work was to design, optimize, and evaluate fluvastatin-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (FLV-SLNPs) using 32 factorial design for enhancing the bioavailability. Fluvastatin has several disadvantages, including the low solubility and substantial first-pass metabolism resulting in a low (30%) bioavailability and a short elimination half-life. FLV-SLNPs were prepared using the nano-emulsion technique. For the optimization of the FLV-SLNPs, a total of nine formulations were prepared by varying two independent factors at three levels, using full factorial design. In this design, lipid (A) and surfactant (B) concentrations were chosen as independent factors, whereas entrapment efficiency (Y1) and in-vitro drug release (Y2) were selected as the dependent variables. Additionally, the prepared SLNPs were characterized for X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry. These studies revealed that there were no interactions between the drug and the selected excipients and the selected formulation components are compatible with the drug. Pharmacokinetic studies in rats confirmed significant improvement in AUC and MRT of SLNPs in comparison with the pure drug indicating the enhanced bioavailability of SLNPs. This study provides a proof-of-concept for the fact that SLNPs can be effectively developed via experimental factorial design, which requires relatively minimal experimentation.
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Maryam, Tuba, Nosheen Fatima Rana, Sultan M. Alshahrani, Farhat Batool, Misha Fatima, Tahreem Tanweer, Salma Saleh Alrdahe, et al. "Silymarin Encapsulated Liposomal Formulation: An Effective Treatment Modality against Copper Toxicity Associated Liver Dysfunction and Neurobehavioral Abnormalities in Wistar Rats." Molecules 28, no. 3 (February 3, 2023): 1514. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28031514.
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Wilson’s disease causes copper accumulation in the liver and extrahepatic organs. The available therapies aim to lower copper levels by various means. However, a potent drug that can repair the damaged liver and brain tissue is needed. Silymarin has hepatoprotective, antioxidant, and cytoprotective properties. However, poor oral bioavailability reduces its efficacy. In this study, a “thin film hydration method” was used for synthesizing silymarin-encapsulated liposome nanoparticles (SLNPs) and evaluated them against copper toxicity, associated liver dysfunction and neurobehavioral abnormalities in Wistar rats. After copper toxicity induction, serological and behavioral assays were conducted to evaluate treatment approaches. Histological examination of the diseased rats revealed severe hepatocyte necrosis and neuronal vacuolation. These cellular degenerations were mild in rats treated with SLNPs and a combination of zinc and SLNPs (ZSLNPs). SLNPs also decreased liver enzymes and enhanced rats’ spatial memory significantly (p = 0.006) in the diseased rats. During forced swim tests, SLNPs treated rats exhibited a 60-s reduction in the immobility period, indicating reduced depression. ZSLNPs were significantly more effective than traditional zinc therapy in decreasing the immobility period (p = 0.0008) and reducing liver enzymes, but not in improving spatial memory. Overall, SLNPs enhanced oral silymarin administration and managed copper toxicity symptoms.
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Basbasan, Angel Jr, Bongkot Hararak, Charinee Winotapun, Wanwitoo Wanmolee, Wannee Chinsirikul, Pattarin Leelaphiwat, Vanee Chonhenchob, and Kanchana Boonruang. "Lignin Nanoparticles for Enhancing Physicochemical and Antimicrobial Properties of Polybutylene Succinate/Thymol Composite Film for Active Packaging." Polymers 15, no. 4 (February 16, 2023): 989. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15040989.
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The natural abundance, polymer stability, biodegradability, and natural antimicrobial properties of lignin open a wide range of potential applications aiming for sustainability. In this work, the effects of 1% (w/w) softwood kraft lignin nanoparticles (SLNPs) on the physicochemical properties of polybutylene succinate (PBS) composite films were investigated. Incorporation of SLNPs into neat PBS enhanced Tg and Td from −39.1 °C to −35.7 °C and 354.1 °C to 364.7 °C, respectively, determined through TGA, whereas no significant change was observed in Tm and crystallinity, analyzed through DSC. The tensile strength of neat PBS significantly increased, to 35.6 MPa, when SLNPs were added to it. Oxygen and water vapor permeabilities of PBS with SLNPs decreased to 1.59 × 10−3 cm3 m h−1 m−2 atm−1 and 1.41 × 10−3 g m h−1 m−2 atm−1 compared with neat PBS with 2.28 × 10−3 cm3 m h−1 m−2 atm−1 and 1.54 × 10−3 g m h−1 m−2 atm−1, respectively, equating to enhanced barrier properties. The good interactions among SLNPs, thymol, and PBS matrix, and the high homogeneity of the resultant PBS composite films, were determined through FTIR and FE-SEM analyses. This work revealed that, among the PBS composite films tested, PBS + 1% SLNPs + 10% thymol showed the strongest microbial growth inhibition against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and Lasiodiplodia theobromae, both in vitro, through a diffusion method assay, and in actual testing on active packaging of mango fruit (cultivar “Nam Dok Mai Si Thong”). SLNPs could be an attractive replacement for synthetic substances for enhancing polymer properties without compromising the biodegradability of the resultant material, and for providing antimicrobial functions for active packaging applications.
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Kim, Yujin, and Sangyong Jon. "Abstract 5164: Liposomal Delivery of an Immunostimulatory CpG Induces Robust Antitumor Immunity and Long-Term Immune Memory by Reprogramming Tumor-Associated Macrophages." Cancer Research 83, no. 7_Supplement (April 4, 2023): 5164. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2023-5164.
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Abstract Background: The efficacy of current T cell-based immunotherapy is known to be limited by various factors that induce immune suppression in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are representative TME-comprising immune suppressive cells and influence tumor growth and progression. TAMs are considered as an attractive target for cancer immunotherapy. However, current TAMs-targeting strategies are not sufficient to induce continuous antitumor responses. Here, we suggest a new strategy that can reprogram TAMs and further bridge innate-to-adaptive immunity by utilizing immunostimulatory CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs). In this study, we investigated the new role of TLR9 agonist CpG ODN as an immunotherapeutic agent and tested whether liposomal delivery of CpG could modulate the function of TAMs and lead to remodeling of the TME. Methods: A liposome-based nanomaterial encapsulating CpG ODN was constructed. A small lipid nanoparticle (SLNP) used as the CpG delivery platform in this study was made of a cationic cholesterol derivative and two biocompatible phospholipids. The CpG-encapsulating SLNP (SLNP@CpG) was prepared by a thin-film formation and rehydration method. In vitro studies were conducted to assess whether SLNP@CpG could reprogram macrophages. To assess antitumor therapeutic efficacy of the SLNP@CpG, two subcutaneous tumor models were established in mice and tumor growth and survival rates of mice were monitored. For tumor rechallenge experiment, mice showing complete tumor regression were rechallenged with same cancer cells and their splenocytes were analyzed to confirm the development of immune memory. To elucidate the immunological mechanism of SLNP@CpG-mediated antitumor efficacy, changes of immune cell subpopulations in treated tumors were analyzed by flow cytometry. Results: SLNP@CpG enhanced macrophage-mediated phagocytosis of cancer cells and tumor antigen cross-presentation, and skewed the polarization state of macrophages in vitro. Intratumorally injected SLNP@CpG exerted its therapeutic efficacy in an established E.G7-OVA tumor via uptake by TAMs. SLNP@CpG treatment significantly suppressed the E.G7 tumor growth and also considerably prolonged the survival of mice, with 83.3% of mice becoming tumor-free. Local administration of SLNP@CpG resisted E.G7 tumor rechallenge by inducing immunological memory and long-term antitumor immunity. Local administration of SLNP@CpG even exerted its antitumor efficacy in an aggressive B16-F10 melanoma by remodeling TME towards immune stimulation and tumor elimination. Conclusion: Liposomal delivery of CpG via local treatment reprogrammed TAMs by enhancing phagocytic activity and repolarizing M2 to M1 phenotype and also reshaped immunosuppressive TME, leading to antitumor immunity and long-term memory responses. Citation Format: Yujin Kim, Sangyong Jon. Liposomal Delivery of an Immunostimulatory CpG Induces Robust Antitumor Immunity and Long-Term Immune Memory by Reprogramming Tumor-Associated Macrophages. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 5164.
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Parvin, Shumaia, Md Abu Shuaib Rafshanjani, and Md Abdul Kader. "Formulation and evaluation of dexamethasone loaded stearic acid nanoparticles by hot homogenization method." International Current Pharmaceutical Journal 3, no. 12 (November 8, 2014): 331–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/icpj.v3i12.20829.
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Dexamethasone is a type of steroid medication having anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressant effects. One of the major problems with this drug is its low solubility in water which results into poor bioavailability after oral administration. So the objective of the present work is to improve the solubility and dissolution rate of dexamethasone using its solid lipid nano particles (SLNPs) with stearic acid as solid lipid, lutrol F-68 as surfactant and tween-80 as stabilizer. SLNPs are prepared by hot homogenization method at different ratio of drug, lipid, surfactant and stabilizer and designated as DNP1 to DNP6. In vitro dissolution study was performed using the USP type II apparatus (paddle method) at 50 rpm to a temperature of 37°±0.5°C in distilled water containing 0.75% w/v SLS (sodium lauryl sulfate). The absorbance of sample was measured spectrophotometrically at ?max 239nm on a UV-Visible spectrophotometer. Release pattern of drug was found to follow zero order, first order and Korsmeyer-Peppas equations. Improvement of dissolution was observed in all the solid lipid nano particles as compared to pure drug. Pure drug showed only 27.25% release in 50 min whereas the dexamethasone SLNPs showed faster (66.19%) in vitro drug release. Hence, this finding indicates that dexamethasone SLNPs prepared by hot homogenization method can be used to enhance the dissolution rate and to show novel application to this drug delivery system.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/icpj.v3i12.20829 International Current Pharmaceutical Journal, November 2014, 3(12): 331-335
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Vecchio, Anzidei, Serpelloni, and Florindo. "Natural Variability and Vertical Land Motion Contributions in the Mediterranean Sea-Level Records over the Last Two Centuries and Projections for 2100." Water 11, no. 7 (July 16, 2019): 1480. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11071480.
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We analyzed a set of geodetic data to investigate the contribution of local factors, namely the sea level natural variability (SLNV) and the vertical land motion (VLM), to the sea-level trend. The SLNV is analyzed through the Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) on tidal data (>60 years of recordings) and results are used to evaluate its effects on sea levels. The VLM is measured at a set of continuous GPS (cGPS) stations (>5 years of recordings), located nearby the tide gauges. By combining VLM and SLNV with IPCC-AR5 regional projections of climatic data (Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) 2.6 and 8.5), we provide relative sea-level rise projections by 2100. Results show that the combined effects of SLNV and VLM are not negligible, contributing between 15% and 65% to the sea-level variability. Expected sea levels for 2100 in the RCP8.5 scenario are between 475 ± 203 (Bakar) and 818 ± 250 mm (Venice). In the Venice Lagoon, the mean land subsidence at 3.3 ± 0.85 mm a−1 (locally up to 8.45 ± 1.69 mm a−1) is driving the local sea-level rise acceleration.
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Zai, Khadijah. "Preparation of Solid Lipid Nanoparticle-Containing Ovalbumin Based Reverse Micelle-Double Emulsion Technique." Majalah Farmaseutik 19, no. 1 (March 29, 2023): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/farmaseutik.v19i1.78283.
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Encapsulation of protein in the lipid-based nanoparticle is quite challenging. A reverse micelle-double emulsion method could be used for answering this challenge because reverse micelles able to protect the polar core in a nonpolar solvent. Thus, the protein solution can be kept in the interior of the reverse micelle particle and hosted in a lipid matrix of nanoparticles. Herein, we describe the preparation of solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNp) for the encapsulation of ovalbumin (Ova) with reverse micelle-double emulsion. Using several combinations of solid lipids and phospholipids, we prepared SLNp containing Ova-reverse micelle. The optimized formulation enabled the incorporation of Ova in the solid lipid matrix of SLNp with nano size and narrow particle size distribution (PdI), and high entrapment efficiency for Ova. The particle size and zeta potential were measured by a dynamic light scattering spectrophotometer 214.8±15.94 nm and −3.44±0.21 mV, respectively. The entrapment efficiency (EE%) was determined by Spectrofluorometer by determining the quantitative of Ova-FITC labeling was 98.97±0.89%.
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Pudovkin, M. S., D. A. Koryakovtseva, E. V. Lukinova, S. L. Korableva, R. Sh Khusnutdinova, A. G. Kiiamov, A. S. Nizamutdinov, and V. V. Semashko. "Characterization of Pr-Doped LaF3 Nanoparticles Synthesized by Different Variations of Coprecipitation Method." Journal of Nanomaterials 2019 (March 7, 2019): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/7549325.
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A set of Pr3+:LaF3 nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized via coprecipitation method at three stoichiometric proportions of La(NO3)3, Pr(NO3)3, and NaF (1 : 0.8, 1 : 1, and 1 : 6, respectively). Two ways of mixing of the La(NO3)3, Pr(NO3)3, and NaF solutions (dropwise and swift addition) were used. One sample was subjected to microwave (MW) treatment for 30, 90, and 180 min. All the samples were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). For all the samples, optical spectroscopy experiments were carried out. The XRD data were analyzed via the Debye-Scherrer and Williamson-Hall methods. It was revealed that the way of mixing of the La(NO3)3, Pr(NO3)3, and NaF solutions strongly affects the shape of the NPs. The slow dropwise addition of the NaF solution leads to the plate-like NP (PLNP) formation; otherwise, the swift addition of the NaF solution leads to the formation of more sphere-like NPs (SLNPs). The size and regularity in shape of the NP increase with the increasing stoichiometric proportion of La(NO3)3, Pr(NO3)3, and NaF from 1 : 0.8 to 1 : 6. The size and regularity in shape of the SLNPs increase with the increasing time of MW treatment. The Debye-Scherrer and Williamson-Hall methods confirmed the anisotropic shape of the PLNPs. The Williamson-Hall method showed that the values of strain are almost similar for all the samples (around 14∗10-4). Optical spectroscopy experiments revealed that although all the samples have an equal chemical composition, the luminescence lifetimes for different samples differ between each other. The luminescence lifetime of the PLNPs is less than that of the SLNPs having an equal stoichiometric proportion of La(NO3)3, Pr(NO3)3, and NaF. The luminescence lifetime of the 1 : 1 SLNPs increases with the increasing time of MW treatment.
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Zhang, Melanie Y., Bridget C. Lear, and Ravi Allada. "The microtubule-associated protein Tau suppresses the axonal distribution of PDF neuropeptide and mitochondria in circadian clock neurons." Human Molecular Genetics 31, no. 7 (November 8, 2021): 1141–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hmg/ddab303.
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Abstract Disrupted circadian rhythms are a prominent feature of multiple neurodegenerative diseases. Yet mechanisms linking Tau to rhythmic behavior remain unclear. Here, we find that expression of a phosphomimetic human Tau mutant (TauE14) in Drosophila circadian pacemaker neurons disrupts free-running rhythmicity. While cell number and oscillations of the core clock protein PERIOD are unaffected in the small LNv (sLNv) neurons important for free running rhythms, we observe a near complete loss of the major LNv neuropeptide pigment dispersing factor (PDF) in the dorsal axonal projections of the sLNvs. This was accompanied by a ~50% reduction in the area of the dorsal terminals and a modest decrease in cell body PDF levels. Expression of wild-type Tau also reduced axonal PDF levels but to a lesser extent than TauE14. TauE14 also induces a complete loss of mitochondria from these sLNv projections. However, mitochondria were increased in sLNv cell bodies in TauE14 flies. These results suggest that TauE14 disrupts axonal transport of neuropeptides and mitochondria in circadian pacemaker neurons, providing a mechanism by which Tau can disrupt circadian behavior prior to cell loss.
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WANG, JINGYAN, and YONGPING LI. "SEQUENTIAL LINEAR NEIGHBORHOOD PROPAGATION FOR SEMI-SUPERVISED PROTEIN FUNCTION PREDICTION." Journal of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology 09, no. 06 (December 2011): 663–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219720011005550.
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Predicting protein function is one of the most challenging problems of the post-genomic era. The development of experimental methods for genome scale analysis of molecular interaction networks has provided new approaches to inferring protein function. In this paper we introduce a new graph-based semi-supervised classification algorithm Sequential Linear Neighborhood Propagation (SLNP), which addresses the problem of the classification of partially labeled protein interaction networks. The proposed SLNP first constructs a sequence of node sets according to their shortest distance to the labeled nodes, and then predicts the function of the unlabel proteins from the set closer to labeled one, using Linear Neighborhood Propagation. Its performance is assessed on the Saccharomyces cerevisiae PPI network data sets, with good results compared with three current state-of-the-art algorithms, especially in settings where only a small fraction of the proteins are labeled.
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Bulthuis, Nicholas, Katrina R. Spontak, Benjamin Kleeman, and Daniel J. Cavanaugh. "Neuronal Activity in Non-LNv Clock Cells Is Required to Produce Free-Running Rest:Activity Rhythms in Drosophila." Journal of Biological Rhythms 34, no. 3 (April 17, 2019): 249–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0748730419841468.
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Circadian rhythms in behavior and physiology are produced by central brain clock neurons that can be divided into subpopulations based on molecular and functional characteristics. It has become clear that coherent behavioral rhythms result from the coordinated action of these clock neuron populations, but many questions remain regarding the organizational logic of the clock network. Here we used targeted genetic tools in Drosophila to eliminate either molecular clock function or neuronal activity in discrete clock neuron subsets. We find that neuronal firing is necessary across multiple clock cell populations to produce free-running rhythms of rest and activity. In contrast, such rhythms are much more subtly affected by molecular clock suppression in the same cells. These findings demonstrate that network connectivity can compensate for a lack of molecular oscillations within subsets of clock cells. We further show that small ventrolateral (sLNv) clock neurons, which have been characterized as master pacemakers under free-running conditions, cannot drive rhythms independent of communication between other cells of the clock network. In particular, we pinpoint an essential contribution of the dorsolateral (LNd) clock neurons, and show that manipulations that affect LNd function reduce circadian rhythm strength without affecting molecular cycling in sLNv cells. These results suggest a hierarchical organization in which circadian information is first consolidated among one or more clock cell populations before accessing output pathways that control locomotor activity.
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Dhillon, Narinder, Supornpun Srimat, Suwannee Laenoi, Anjana Bhunchoth, Bencharong Phuangrat, Nuchnard Warin, Rungnapa Deeto, et al. "Resistance to Three Distinct Begomovirus Species in the Agronomical Superior Tropical Pumpkin Line AVPU1426 Developed at the World Vegetable Center." Agronomy 11, no. 6 (June 21, 2021): 1256. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11061256.
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The Squash Leaf Curl China Virus (SLCCNV) and Tomato Leaf Curl New Delhi Virus (ToLCNDV) are species of Begomovirus (whitefly-vectored Geminiviridae) and cause serious damage to the cucurbit crops of the genus Cucurbita in the areas of South and Southeast Asia, across Asia, the Middle East and the Mediterranean, respectively. Cucurbita moschata’s inbred line AVPU1426, developed at the World Vegetable Center (WorldVeg) from a Bangladeshi landrace through pedigree selection, was observed to be resistant to both begomoviruses in field tests conducted at the WorldVeg Research and Training Station, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen, Thailand, which is a hotspot for these viruses. When AVPU1426 was tested for reaction to inoculation by viruliferous whiteflies with Squash Leaf Curl Philippines Virus (Taiwan strain) (SLCPV-TW) in the screen net-house at WorldVeg headquarters in Taiwan, it showed good resistance, though SLCPV-TW DNA-A could be detected in all inoculated plants, indicating that it did not show immunity to this virus. The objective of this study was to validate the resistance to SLCCNV and ToLCNDV in AVPU1426 by using whitefly-mediated inoculations to determine the mode of inheritance of the resistance. The results showed that AVPU1426 was resistant to SLCCNV and ToLCNDV. Upon crossing AVPU1426 with a susceptible check variety, Waltham Butternut, the resistance to both begomoviruses was observed to be conferred by a single recessive gene. This open-pollinated pumpkin line AVPU1426 bears flat round, mottled green immature fruits with yellow flesh in mature fruit. The fruit yield of AVPU1426 (20.74 t/ha−1) was comparable to ‘Rajah’ (18.61 t/ha−1), a recently released commercial F1 hybrid of East-West Seed (EWS). The fruit of AVPU1426 were estimated to have a good average β-carotene content (1.57 mg/100 g fresh weight). This line is a good source to breed pumpkins resistant to the three begomoviruses.
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Korukluoglu, Gulay, Umit Ozdemirer, Fatma Bayrakdar, Zehra Unal, Yasemin Cosgun, Tunca Atak, Hulya Karademirtok, Isil Ata, and Fatih Kara. "Detection of non-polio and polio enteroviruses in Acute Flaccid Paralysis surveillance in Turkey." Acta Microbiologica et Immunologica Hungarica 68, no. 2 (June 21, 2021): 92–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/030.2021.01353.
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AbstractPoliomyelitis was a disease feared worldwide, striking suddenly and paralysing mainly children for life. Monitoring of suspected cases of poliomyelitis is carried out with Acute Flaccid Paralysis (AFP) surveillance in Turkey. This study examines national data of AFP surveillance and the epidemiology of enteroviruses (EV) in Turkey from 2000 to 2019 and gives an overview of the detected serotypes of EVs. A total of 13,640 samples collected from patients with 5216 AFP pre-diagnosed cases (2 samples from each patient) and 3,208 contacts, during a 20-year period (2000–2019) were investigated. All isolated polioviruses were tested for their wild or vaccine origin according to the WHO recommended protocol by PCR and sequencing analysis were performed. Enterovirus positivity was detected in a total of 915 cases, which were identified as 204 Sabin-like polio virus (SLPV) and 711 non-polio enterovirus (NPEV). Of the 204 SLPV, 141 (69.1%) AFP were detected in patients and 63 (30.9%) were detected in samples taken from their contacts. Of the 711 NPEVs, 516 (72.5%) were from AFP cases and 195 (27.5%) were detected in samples taken from their contacts. It is concluded that the reason for the higher detection rate of NPEV in samples from AFP pre-diagnosed cases is attributed to the polio vaccination rates reaching 97% between 2008 and 2019 in Turkey. The most frequently detected NPEV serotypes were Coxackie A24, B3, and Echo 30. This retrospective study is the first comprehensive study in Turkey to evaluate the results of the AFP surveillance in the last 20 years.
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Mehrad, Bahar, Raheleh Ravanfar, Jonathan Licker, Joe M. Regenstein, and Alireza Abbaspourrad. "Enhancing the physicochemical stability of β-carotene solid lipid nanoparticle (SLNP) using whey protein isolate." Food Research International 105 (March 2018): 962–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2017.12.036.
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Huang, Xiaoping, Caiyun Wu, and Yiping Liu. "Finite-Time $H_{\infty}$ Model Reference Control of SLPV Systems and its Application to Aero-Engines." IEEE Access 7 (2019): 43525–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2908246.
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Filardo, F. F., and M. Sharman. "Siratro latent polerovirus (SLPV): a new polerovirus from Australia with a non-functional open reading frame 0." Australasian Plant Pathology 48, no. 5 (June 18, 2019): 491–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13313-019-00650-2.
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Riva, Sabrina, Juan Ignacio Ispizua, María Trinidad Breide, Sofía Polcowñuk, José Ricardo Lobera, María Fernanda Ceriani, Sebastian Risau-Gusman, and Diana Lorena Franco. "Mating disrupts morning anticipation in Drosophila melanogaster females." PLOS Genetics 18, no. 12 (December 22, 2022): e1010258. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1010258.
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After mating, the physiology of Drosophila females undergo several important changes, some of which are reflected in their rest-activity cycles. To explore the hypothesis that mating modifies the temporal organization of locomotor activity patterns, we recorded fly activity by a video tracking method. Monitoring rest-activity patterns under light/dark (LD) cycles indicated that mated females lose their ability to anticipate the night-day transition, in stark contrast to males and virgins. This postmating response is mediated by the activation of the sex peptide receptor (SPR) mainly on pickpocket (ppk) expressing neurons, since reducing expression of this receptor in these neurons restores the ability to anticipate the LD transition in mated females. Furthermore, we provide evidence of connectivity between ppk+ neurons and the pigment-dispersing factor (PDF)-positive ventral lateral neurons (sLNv), which play a central role in the temporal organization of daily activity. Since PDF has been associated to the generation of the morning activity peak, we hypothesized that the mating signal could modulate PDF levels. Indeed, we confirm that mated females have reduced PDF levels at the dorsal protocerebrum; moreover, SPR downregulation in ppk+ neurons mimics PDF levels observed in males. In sum, our results are consistent with a model whereby mating-triggered signals reach clock neurons in the fly central nervous system to modulate the temporal organization of circadian behavior according to the needs of the new status.
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NARMADA, ILLA. "Contemporary Review on Solubility Enhancement Techniques." Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 13, no. 2 (February 15, 2023): 110–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v13i2.5944.
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The limited water solubility of pharmacoactive molecules hinders their ability to be used as pharmacological agents, yet the indispensability of a certain solubility parameter precludes any compromises. To overcome this challenge, various methods are employed in order to increase their bioavailability. Pharmaceutical molecules with lower solubility present an elevated risk of failure for drug development and innovation. Their solubility affects important processes such as pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, distribution, protein binding, and absorption. As a result these parameters are greatly impacted by the dissolution rate of a particular molecule. Out of all pharmaceutical dosage forms, more than half are oral. For the drug molecule to reach its target site and be effective therapeutically, solubility and bioavailability must be taken into consideration. Unfortunately, during screening programs conducted by the pharmaceutical industry it became evident that nearly 40% of new chemical entities (NCEs) face various roadblocks when transitioning from formulation to development due to their poor solubility and bioavailability. The pharmaceutical industry is constantly confronted with the difficulty of improving drug bioavailability and solubility in formulations. This article covers a range of technological advancements to boost the solubility of insoluble drugs, such as complexation, emulsions and micelles production, microemulsion generation with cosolvents, polymeric micelle preparation methods, particle size decrease techniques, pharmaceutical salts application, prodrugs usage, solid-state alteration practices, soft gel technology implementation crystal engineering approaches and nanomorphology. Through this review, we will discuss a variety of more complex methods for improving solubility and bioavailability such as crystal engineering, micronization, solid dispersions, nano sizing, and use of cyclodextrins, solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNPs), colloidal drug delivery systems and drug conjugates. We'll also provide references to studies that have been conducted in connection with these topics.
Keywords: Solubility, permeability, bioavailability, nano particles drug delivery systems, microemulsions, low water solubility
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Herrero, Southworth, Bunting, Kohlhaas, and Child. "Integrating Surface-Based Temperature and Vegetation Abundance Estimates into Land Cover Classifications for Conservation Efforts in Savanna Landscapes." Sensors 19, no. 16 (August 7, 2019): 3456. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19163456.
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Southern African savannas are an important dryland ecosystem, as they account for up to 54% of the landscape, support a rich variety of biodiversity, and are areas of key landscape change. This paper aims to address the challenges of studying this highly gradient landscape with a grass–shrub–tree continuum. This study takes place in South Luangwa National Park (SLNP) in eastern Zambia. Discretely classifying land cover in savannas is notoriously difficult because vegetation species and structural groups may be very similar, giving off nearly indistinguishable spectral signatures. A support vector machine classification was tested and it produced an accuracy of only 34.48%. Therefore, we took a novel continuous approach in evaluating this change by coupling in situ data with Landsat-level normalized difference vegetation index data (NDVI, as a proxy for vegetation abundance) and blackbody surface temperature (BBST) data into a rule-based classification for November 2015 (wet season) that was 79.31% accurate. The resultant rule-based classification was used to extract mean Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) NDVI values by season over time from 2000 to 2016. This showed a distinct separation between each of the classes consistently over time, with woodland having the highest NDVI, followed by shrubland and then grassland, but an overall decrease in NDVI over time in all three classes. These changes may be due to a combination of precipitation, herbivory, fire, and humans. This study highlights the usefulness of a continuous time-series-based approach, which specifically integrates surface temperature and vegetation abundance-based NDVI data into a study of land cover and vegetation health for savanna landscapes, which will be useful for park managers and conservationists globally.
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Castillo, José Luis Uc, José Alfredo Ramos Leal, Diego Armando Martínez Cruz, Adrián Cervantes Martínez, and Ana Elizabeth Marín Celestino. "Identification of the Dominant Factors in Groundwater Recharge Process, Using Multivariate Statistical Approaches in a Semi-Arid Region." Sustainability 13, no. 20 (October 19, 2021): 11543. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132011543.
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Identifying contributing factors of potential recharge zones is essential for sustainable groundwater resources management in arid regions. In this study, a data matrix with 66 observations of climatic, hydrogeological, morphological, and land use variables was analyzed. The dominant factors in groundwater recharge process and potential recharge zones were evaluated using K-means clustering, principal component analysis (PCA), and geostatistical analysis. The study highlights the importance of multivariate methods coupled with geospatial analysis to identify the main factors contributing to recharge processes and delineate potential groundwater recharge areas. Potential recharge zones were defined into cluster 1 and cluster 3; these were classified as low potential for recharge. Cluster 2 was classified with high potential for groundwater recharge. Cluster 1 is located on a flat land surface with nearby faults and it is mostly composed of ignimbrites and volcanic rocks of low hydraulic conductivity (K). Cluster 2 is located on a flat lowland agricultural area, and it is mainly composed of alluvium that contributes to a higher hydraulic conductivity. Cluster 3 is located on steep slopes with nearby faults and is formed of rhyolite and ignimbrite with interbedded layers of volcanic rocks of low hydraulic conductivity. PCA disclosed that groundwater recharge processes are controlled by geology, K, temperature, precipitation, potential evapotranspiration (PET), humidity, and land use. Infiltration processes are restricted by low hydraulic conductivity, as well as ignimbrites and volcanic rocks of low porosity. This study demonstrates that given the climatic and geological conditions found in the Sierra de San Miguelito Volcanic Complex (SSMVC), this region is not working optimally as a water recharge zone towards the deep aquifer of the San Luis Potosí Valley (SLPV). This methodology will be useful for water resource managers to develop strategies to identify and define priority recharge areas with greater certainty.
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Sankar, S. S. Hari, and M. H. Faizal. "Bio Efficacy of Microbial Formulations of Beauveria bassiana and SlNPV against Spodoptera litura F. and Aphis craccivora Koch. in Vegetable Cowpea." Journal of Scientific Research and Reports, December 31, 2022, 80–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/jsrr/2022/v28i121724.
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The study was conducted in the Department of Agricultural Entomology, College of Agriculture, Vellayani in 2022 with an objective to test the bio efficacy of liquid and bait formulations of Beauveria bassiana Bb 6063 and SlNPV against two most damaging pests of vegetable cowpea Spodoptera litura F. and Aphis craccivora Koch. Emulsifiable suspension (ES) formulation (comprising of Bb 6063 conidia and SlNPV @1.78 x 1010 Conidia mL-1 and 5.24 x 108 POB mL-1 respectively, in 95% sesamum oil and 5% Span- 20 + Triton-X-100 (29:71)) and bait formulation (consisting of SlNPV @4.13 x 107 POB mL-1 in, 75% wheat flour + 25% chickpea flour base matrix) developed in the current study, was evaluated under field conditions. NPV bait when applied alone and in combination with ES formulation, recorded low population of S. litura (1.33, 1.00 larvae plot-1 respectively, after two rounds of application), though inferior to chemical check Flubendiamide 39.35 SC (0 larvae plot-1). However, the leaf damage intensity score in treatments with Flubendiamide (1.53), ES formulation applied along with NPV bait (1.73) and NPV bait alone (1.57) at 10 days after two rounds of treatments were statistically on par with each other and significantly lower than rest of the treatments. Treatments with ES formulation alone and in combination with NPV bait application recorded lowest Aphis craccivora population also (0.67, 0.33 aphids plot-1) as against 9.33 aphids plot-1 in untreated control. Thus, ES formulation of Bb 6063 and SlNPV as well as SlNPV bait can be employed in the management of S. litura, wherein the former treatment is effective in controlling A. craccivora as well.
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Hou, Teng, Tianqi Wang, Weiwei Mu, Rui Yang, Shuang Liang, Zipeng Zhang, Shunli Fu, Tong Gao, Yongjun Liu, and Na Zhang. "Nanoparticle-Loaded Polarized-Macrophages for Enhanced Tumor Targeting and Cell-Chemotherapy." Nano-Micro Letters 13, no. 1 (October 27, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40820-020-00531-0.
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Abstract Cell therapy is a promising strategy for cancer therapy. However, its therapeutic efficiency remains limited due to the complex and immunosuppressive nature of tumor microenvironments. In this study, the “cell-chemotherapy” strategy was presented to enhance antitumor efficacy. M1-type macrophages, which are therapeutic immune cells with both of immunotherapeutic ability and targeting ability, carried sorafenib (SF)-loaded lipid nanoparticles (M1/SLNPs) were developed. M1-type macrophages were used both as therapeutic tool to provide immunotherapy and as delivery vessel to target deliver SF to tumor tissues for chemotherapy simultaneously. M1-type macrophages were obtained by polarizing macrophages using lipopolysaccharide, and M1/SLNPs were obtained by incubating M1-type macrophages with SLNP. Tumor accumulation of M1/SLNP was increased compared with SLNP (p < 0.01), which proved M1/SLNP could enhance tumor targeting of SF. An increased ratio of M1-type macrophages to M2-type macrophages, and the CD3+CD4+ T cells and CD3+CD8+ T cell quantities in tumor tissues after treatment with M1/SLNP indicated M1/SLNP could relieve the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironments. The tumor volumes in the M1/SLNP group were significantly smaller than those in the SLNP group (p < 0.01), indicating M1/SLNP exhibited enhanced antitumor efficacy. Consequently, M1/SLNP showed great potential as a novel cell-chemotherapeutic strategy combining both cell therapy and targeting chemotherapy.
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Wayal, Avinash, Dhanraj Unidirwadwade, Khushal Jawanjal, and Gajanan Chopade. "Biorational management of spodoptera frugiperda (J E Smith) on maize." Indian Journal of Entomology, August 8, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55446/ije.2021.352.
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The present study on the biorational management of Spodoptera frugiperda (J E Smith) on maize was conducted in the farm of Department of Agricultural Entomology, Dr Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola during kharif 2019-20. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with eight treatments replicated thrice. The treatments included- Nomuraea rileyi 1x108 cfu/ g @ 30 g/ 10 l, Metarhizium anisopliae 1x108 cfu/ g @ 50 g/ 10 l, Beauveria bassiana 1x109 cfu/ g @ 40 g/ 10 l, NSKE 5%, Bt 85% @ 20 g/ 10 l, SLNPV 1x109 POB/ ml (500 LE), azadirachtin 1500 ppm @ 50 ml/ 10 l, and control (untreated). Four sprays were applied at 12 days interval. The results revealed that with fourth spray, Bt 85% @ 20 g/ 10 l was the most effective.
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"Histological study of SlNPV infection on body weight and peritrophic membrane damage of Spodoptera litura larvae." Nusantara Bioscience 2, no. 3 (November 1, 2010). http://dx.doi.org/10.13057/nusbiosci/n020305.
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El Husseini, Monir Mohamed, Salama Ibrahim Askar, and Ata Ahmed Ata. "Potential of two insectivorous avian species and two insect predators for spreading Spodoptera littoralis nucleopolyhedrovirus (SlNPV) in Egyptian ecosystem." Egyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control 30, no. 1 (August 11, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s41938-020-00304-2.
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Mishra, Neeraj, Manu Singhai, Vikas Pandey, Sumel Ashique, Ghanshyam Das Gupta, Daisy Arora, and Tanweer Haider. "Design and evaluation of SLNs encapsulated curcumin-based topical formulation for the management of cervical cancer." Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry 23 (June 26, 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1871520623666230626145750.
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Objective: Curcumin has the propensity to inhibit cancer growth, slow cancer development, increase chemotherapy effectiveness, and shield healthy cells from radiation treatment harm. As a result of curcumin's ability to block several signaling pathways, cervical cancer cells can once again proliferate normally. To optimize topically applied curcumin-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNPs) for the treatment of cervical cancer, this study set out to establish the relationship between design variables and experimental data. It also performed in vitro characterizations to determine the formulation's efficacy and safety. Methods: Curcumin-loaded SLNPs were constructed and optimized using a systematic design of experiment (DoE) technique. SLNPs that were loaded with curcumin were produced utilizing a cold emulsification ultrasonication process. Using the Box Behnken Design, it was determined how independent variables (factors) like the quantity of lipid (A), the quantity of phospholipid (B), and the concentration of surfactant (C) affected the responses of the dependent variables (responses), such as particle size (Y1), polydispersity index (PDI) (Y2), and entrapment efficiency (EE) (Y3) (BBD). Results: The ideal formulation (SLN9) was chosen using the desirability technique based on 3-D surface response graphs. Using polynomial equations and three-dimensional surface plots, the influence of independent factors on the dependent variables was evaluated. The observed responses were almost equal to the levels that the optimal formulation expected. The improved SLNP gel's shape and other physicochemical characteristics were also assessed, and they were determined to be ideal. The sustained release profile of the produced formulations was validated by in vitro release tests. Studies on hemolysis, immunogenic response, and in vitro cell cytotoxicity demonstrate the efficacy and safety of the formulations. Conclusion: To improve the treatment effect, chitosan-coated SLNPs may carry encapsulated curcumin to the desired location and facilitate its localization and deposition in the desired vaginal tissue.
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Zhang, Wen, Guifeng Tang, Shuang Zhou, and Yanqing Niu. "LncRNA-miRNA interaction prediction through sequence-derived linear neighborhood propagation method with information combination." BMC Genomics 20, S11 (December 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12864-019-6284-y.
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Abstract Background Researchers discover lncRNAs can act as decoys or sponges to regulate the behavior of miRNAs. Identification of lncRNA-miRNA interactions helps to understand the functions of lncRNAs, especially their roles in complicated diseases. Computational methods can save time and reduce cost in identifying lncRNA-miRNA interactions, but there have been only a few computational methods. Results In this paper, we propose a sequence-derived linear neighborhood propagation method (SLNPM) to predict lncRNA-miRNA interactions. First, we calculate the integrated lncRNA-lncRNA similarity and the integrated miRNA-miRNA similarity by combining known lncRNA-miRNA interactions, lncRNA sequences and miRNA sequences. We consider two similarity calculation strategies respectively, namely similarity-based information combination (SC) and interaction profile-based information combination (PC). Second, the integrated lncRNA similarity-based graph and the integrated miRNA similarity-based graph are respectively constructed, and the label propagation processes are implemented on two graphs to score lncRNA-miRNA pairs. Finally, the weighted averages of their outputs are adopted as final predictions. Therefore, we construct two editions of SLNPM: sequence-derived linear neighborhood propagation method based on similarity information combination (SLNPM-SC) and sequence-derived linear neighborhood propagation method based on interaction profile information combination (SLNPM-PC). The experimental results show that SLNPM-SC and SLNPM-PC predict lncRNA-miRNA interactions with higher accuracy compared with other state-of-the-art methods. The case studies demonstrate that SLNPM-SC and SLNPM-PC help to find novel lncRNA-miRNA interactions for given lncRNAs or miRNAs. Conclusion The study reveals that known interactions bring the most important information for lncRNA-miRNA interaction prediction, and sequences of lncRNAs (miRNAs) also provide useful information. In conclusion, SLNPM-SC and SLNPM-PC are promising for lncRNA-miRNA interaction prediction.
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Ramadan, Safaa E., Sanaa A. El-Gizawy, Mohamed A. Osman, and Mona F. Arafa. "Application of Design of Experiment in the Optimization of Apixaban-Loaded Solid Lipid Nanoparticles: In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation." AAPS PharmSciTech 24, no. 6 (August 8, 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.1208/s12249-023-02628-2.
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AbstractSolid lipid nanoparticles (SLnPs) are usually utilized as lipid-based formulations for enhancing oral bioavailability of BCS class IV drugs. Accordingly, the objective of this work was to investigate the effect of formulation and processing variables on the properties of the developed SLnPs for oral delivery of apixaban. Randomized full factorial design (24) was employed for optimization of SLnPs. With two levels for each independent variable, four factors comprising both formulations and processing factors were chosen: the GMS content (A), the Tween 80 content (B), the homogenization time (C), and the content of poloxamer 188 used (D). The modified hot homogenization and sonication method was employed in the formulation of solid lipid nanoparticles loaded with apixaban (APX-SLnPs). The size of APX-SLnPs formulations was measured to lie between 116.7 and 1866 nm, polydispersity index ranged from 0.385 to 1, and zeta potential was discovered to be in the range of − 12.6 to − 38.6 mV. The entrapping efficiency of APX-SLnPs formulations was found to be in the range of 22.8 to 96.7%. The optimized formulation was evaluated in vivo after oral administration to rats. Oral administration of APX-SLnPs resulted in significant prolongation in bleeding time compared with both positive and negative control. This indicates the ability of this system to enhance drug therapeutic effect either by increasing intestinal absorption or trans-lymphatic transport. So, this study highlighted the capability of SLnPs to boost the pharmacological effect of apixaban. Graphical Abstract
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Hangargekar, Sachin R., Pradeep K. Mohanty, and Janki Prasad Rai. "Preclinical Screening of Antidepressant Activity of Formulated Sertraline Hydrochloride-Loaded Solid Lipid Nanoparticles in Rats." Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International, September 29, 2021, 134–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/jpri/2021/v33i45a32725.
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Objective: The main goal of our study was to investigate the antidepressant activity of Formulated Sertraline hydrochloride-loaded Solid Lipid Nanoparticles (SLNPs) by using a rat forced swimming test (FST) and tail suspension test (TST).
Materials and Methods: Animals were divided into three groups, consisting of six rats in each group. Out of these, one group served as control that received distilled water, second group was standard received Sertraline HCl (20 mg/kg intranasal) and third group was received test formulation (SLNPs 50 mg/kg intranasal). To assess the effect of SLNPs on immobility activity through FST and TST were used to take as a measure of antidepressant activity.
Results: SLNPs reduced the immobility duration in TST as well as in FST. In both methods, there was a statistical significant decrease in immobility of SLNPs group when compared to the control group.
Conclusion: The results suggested that SLNPs produced significant antidepressant effect in rats which was comparable with control group and standard Sertraline HCl group animals.
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Qiao, Zening, Yue Zhao, Menghao Wang, Jinling Cao, Mingchang Chang, Shaojun Yun, Yanfen Cheng, Feier Cheng, and Cuiping Feng. "Effects of Sparassis latifolia neutral polysaccharide on immune activity via TLR4-mediated MyD88-dependent and independent signaling pathways in RAW264.7 macrophages." Frontiers in Nutrition 9 (September 14, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2022.994971.
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BackgroundSparassis latifolia (S. latifolia) is a precious edible fungus with multiple biological activities. To date, no study has been investigated the underlying molecular mechanism of immunoregulation caused by the neutral polysaccharide of S. latifolia.Materials and methodsTo investigate immunomodulatory mechanism of S. latifolia neutral polysaccharide (SLNP), SLNP was obtained from S. latifolia and its structure, immune receptors and regulation mechanism were studied.ResultsS. latifolia neutral polysaccharide consisted of arabinose, galactose, glucose, xylose, and mannose with a molar ratio of 6:12:63:10:5. SLNP was a pyran polysaccharide with a relative molecular weight of 3.2 × 105 Da. SLNP promoted the proliferation of RAW264.7, which further induced the secretions of nitric oxide, TNF-α, IL-6, and IFN-β, and upregulated the immune receptor TLR4 expression. Moreover, SLNP increased remarkably the levels of TRAF6, IRF3, JNK, ERK, p38, and p38 mRNA and protein mediated by TLR4.ConclusionS. latifolia neutral polysaccharide regulated the immune function of RAW264.7 through MyD88-dependent and -independent signaling pathways mediated by TLR4 receptor, which suggests that SLNP is a new immunomodulator.
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Hạnh, Hoàng Thị Mỹ, Vũ Thị Minh Hạnh, Vũ Thị Mai Anh, Nguyễn Xuân Chiến, Vũ Văn Hoàn, Đặng Lê Trí, Trần Thị Hồng Cẩm, and Nguyễn Tuấn Hưng. "THỰC TRẠNG TỔ CHỨC, NHÂN LỰC VÀ CƠ CẤU CỦA 54 TRUNG TÂM KIỂM SOÁT BỆNH TẬT TỈNH/THÀNH PHỐ TRỰC THUỘC TRUNG ƯƠNG." Tạp chí Y học Cộng đồng 64, no. 4 (July 3, 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.52163/yhc.v64i4.700.
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Đặt vấn đề: Trung tâm Kiểm soát bệnh tật (TTKSBT) là đơn vị sự nghiệp y tế công lập mới đượcthành lập trên cơ sở sáp nhập một số đơn vị có chức năng dự phòng tuyến tỉnh từ năm 2016/2017.Định mức SLNLV và cơ cấu nhân lực của TTKSBT chưa được quy định thống nhất trên toàn quốc.Mục tiêu: Mô tả thực trạng số lượng người làm việc (SLNLV), tổ chức và cơ cấu của TTKSBT tạithời điểm 2019-2020.Phương pháp: Nghiên cứu mô tả cắt ngang, thu thập thông tin định lượng qua biểu mẫu thống kêdo 54 TTKSBT cung cấp.Kết quả: Trong số 54 TTKSBT, 64,8% đơn vị có từ 12 khoa trở lên, 85% có đủ 3 phòng; 98,2% cótỷ lệ người làm việc ở các vị trí chuyên môn ≥ 65% SLNLV;16,4% có tỷ lệ bác sỹ/bác sỹ y học dựphòng ≥30% SLNLV.Kết luận: SLNLV của TTKSBT được sáp nhập từ 5 đơn vị trở lên tỷ lệ thuận với quy mô dân số củatỉnh. Kết quả khảo sát là bằng chứng thực tiễn về thực trạng và cơ cấu nhân lực để đề xuất quy địnhmới phù hợp theo quy mô dân số về SLNLV và cơ cấu nhân lực của các TTKSBT tỉnh, thành phố.
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Subash-Babu, Pandurangan, Nada Al-Saran, Ghedeir M. Alshammari, Laila Naif Al-Harbi, Maha Hussain Alhussain, Ghalia Shamlan, Sahar Abdulaziz AlSedairy, and Ali Abdullah Alshatwi. "Evaluation of Biosafety, Antiobesity, and Endothelial Cells Proliferation Potential of Basil Seed Extract Loaded Organic Solid Lipid Nanoparticle." Frontiers in Pharmacology 12 (October 4, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2021.722258.
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The present study aimed to synthesize solid lipid nanoparticles to enhance liposome-assisted intracellular uptake of basil seed active components in adipocytes and vascular smooth muscle cells to attain increased bioavailability. To obtain solid lipid nanoparticle (SLNp), the water phase containing basil seed extract (BSE) was encapsulated with lipid matrix containing chia seed phospholipids using homogenization and cold ultra-sonication method. The physicochemical characterization of BSE loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (BSE-SLNp) has been analyzed using Zetasizer, FT-IR, and TEM. The BSE-SLNp showed an average diameter of 20–110 nm on the day of preparation and it remains the same after 60 days of storage. The cytotoxicity assay confirmed that the BSE-SLNp did not produce toxicity in hMSCs, preadipocytes, or human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) until the tested higher dose up to 64 μg/ml. During effective dose determination, 4 μg/ml of BSE-SLNp confirmed non-toxic and enhanced metabolic function in hMSCs, preadipocytes, and HUVECs. Biosafety assay confirmed normal nuclear morphology in PI staining and high mitochondrial membrane potential in JC-1 assay within 48 h in hMSCs. The maturing adipocyte treated with 4 μg/ml of BSE-SLNp significantly increased the mitochondrial efficiency and fatty acid beta-oxidation (PPARγC1α, UCP-1, and PRDM-16) related gene expression levels. Oxidative stress induced HUVECs treated with 4 μg/ml of BSE-SLNp potentially enhanced antioxidant capacity, cell growth, and microtubule development within 48 h H2O2 induced oxidative stressed HUVECs have shown 39.8% viable cells, but treatment with BSE-SLNp has shown 99% of viable cells within 48 h confirmed by Annexin-V assay. In addition, mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm) increased to 89.4% confirmed by JC-1 assay. The observed DNA integrity, cell viability was confirmed by increased antioxidant and tumor suppressor-related gene expression levels. VEGF expression has been significantly increased and pro-inflammation-related mRNA levels were decreased in BSE-SLNp treated cells. In conclusion, enhanced adipocyte fatty acid oxidation is directly associated with decreased adipocytokine secretion which arrests obesity-associated comorbidities. In addition, suppressing vascular cell oxidative stress and metabolic inflammation supports vascular cell proliferation and arrests ageing-related vascular diseases.
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Helal, Sara H., Heba M. M. Abdel-Aziz, Mustafa M. El-Zayat, and Mohammed N. A. Hasaneen. "Preparation, characterization and properties of three different nanomaterials either alone or loaded with nystatin or fluconazole antifungals." Scientific Reports 12, no. 1 (December 21, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-26523-1.
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AbstractEngineered nanoparticles have enabled the development of novel uses, particularly in disease management. In this investigation, we synthesized and studied three distinct nanomaterials: solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNPs), chitosan nanoparticles (CSNPs), and carbon nanotubes (CNTs), either alone or loaded with two antifungals, nystatin, and fluconazole. The purpose of this study is to investigate the different properties of the produced nanomaterials, either alone or in combination with antifungals. Drug release studies revealed that about 55% from SLNPs, 43% from CSNPs and 97% from CNTs of nystatin drug were released at the longest time point assessed (12 h). In addition, about 89% from SLNPs, 84% from CSNPs and 81% from CNTs of fluconazole drug were released at the longest time point assessed (12 h). This research will expand the understanding of nanomaterials as a viable technique for the management of different fungal diseases that harm several agricultural crops.
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Miliauskas, Skaidrius. "Smulkiųjų ląstelių plaučių vėžio imunoterapija." Pulmonology and allergology 5, no. 1 (June 14, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.37499/pia.714.
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Per pastaruosius dešimtmečius atlikta daug tyrimų, ieškant naujų diagnostikos ir ypač gydymo galimybių, tačiau smulkiųjų ląstelių plaučių vėžio (SLPV) prognozė išlieka bloga. SLPV – tai labai imunogeniškas navikas su aukštu somatinių mutacijų skaičiumi, potencialiai išskiriamų dideliu neoantigenų kiekiu, nuslopintu imuniniu atsaku, paraneoplastiniais sutrikimais. Imunoterapija, skiriant imuninės sistemos kontrolės taško inhibitorius, daug žadantis SLPV gydymo metodas. Šiuo metu patvirtinta, kad papildomas imuninės sistemos kontrolės taškų inhibitorių skyrimas (skiriant antikūnus prieš programuotos ląstelių žūties baltymo ligandą 1 (PD-L1) atezolizumabą arba durvalumabą) kartu su pirmos eilės chemoterapija platinos pagrindu reikšmingai prailgina bendrąjį išgyvenamumą bei išgyvenamumą be ligos progreso, neblogėjant saugumo profiliui.
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Khan, Hina, Sadia Nazir, Rai Khalid Farooq, Ishaq N. Khan, and Aneela Javed. "Fabrication and Assessment of Diosgenin Encapsulated Stearic Acid Solid Lipid Nanoparticles for Its Anticancer and Antidepressant Effects Using in vitro and in vivo Models." Frontiers in Neuroscience 15 (February 10, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2021.806713.
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Inflammatory cascade plays a pivotal role in the onset and progression of major depressive disorder (MDD) and glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). Therefore, questing natural compounds with anti-inflammatory activity such as diosgenin can act as a double-edged sword targeting cancer and cancer-induced inflammation simultaneously. The blood–brain barrier limits the therapeutic efficiency of the drugs against intracranial pathologies including depression and brain cancers. Encapsulating a drug molecule in lipid nanoparticles can overcome this obstacle. The current study has thus investigated the anticancer and antidepressant effect of Tween 80 (P80) coated stearic acid solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNPs) encapsulating the diosgenin. Physio-chemical characterizations of SLNPs were performed to assess their stability, monodispersity, and entrapment efficiency. In vitro cytotoxic analysis of naked and drug encapsulated SLNPs on U-87 cell line indicated diosgenin IC50 value to be 194.4 μM, while diosgenin encapsulation in nanoparticles slightly decreases the toxicity. Antidepressant effects of encapsulated and non-encapsulated diosgenin were comprehensively evaluated in the concanavalin-A–induced sickness behavior mouse model. Behavior test results indicate that diosgenin and diosgenin encapsulated nanoparticles significantly alleviated anxiety-like and depressive behavior. Diosgenin incorporated SLNPs also improved grooming behavior and social interaction as well as showed normal levels of neutrophils and leukocytes with no toxicity indication. In conclusion, diosgenin and diosgenin encapsulated solid lipid nanoparticles proved successful in decreasing in vitro cancer cell proliferation and improving sickness behavioral phenotype and thus merit further exploration.
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Matulionė, Jurgita. "Naujos gydymo galimybės smulkiųjų ląstelių plaučių vėžiu sergantiems pacientams." Pulmonology and allergology 4, no. 2 (September 17, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.37499/pia.122.
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Imunoterapija imuninės sistemos kontrolės taško inhibitoriais – tai daug žadantis smulkiųjų ląstelių plaučių vėžio (SLPV) gydymometodas.Atezolizumabas▼ – tai pirmasis programuotos ląstelių žūties baltymo ligando 1 (PD-L1) inhibitorius, patvirtintas išplitusiu SLPV sergančių pacientų pirmos eilės gydymui derinyje su karboplatina ir etopozidu. Jo veiksmingumas patvirtintas III fazės IMpower133 klinikinio tyrimo duomenimis, kurie parodė, kad atezolizumabas derinyje su chemoterapija (karboplatina ir etopozidu) lėmė reikšmingai ilgesnį bendrąjį išgyvenamumą ir išgyvenamumą be ligos progresavimo, palyginusvien su chemoterapiniu gydymu.