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1
Dennis, J. A. "Editorial - Slip, Slap, Slop." Radiation Protection Dosimetry 64, no. 3 (May 1, 1996): 177. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.rpd.a031571.
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Yang (楊茜), Qian. "Rearranging the Slip Sequence in the Wang Ji Manuscript in the Peking University Han Bamboo-Slip Collection." Bamboo and Silk 6, no. 1 (March 24, 2023): 78–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/24689246-20230030.
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Abstract This paper attempts to rearrange the slip sequence in the Wang Ji 妄稽 manuscript, and makes the following suggestions: slips 75–76 should be placed immediately after slips 47, 48, and 49; slips 77–81 should be placed between slips 75–76 and slips 43–46; since the meaning of the text on slip 46 and that on slip 62 are coherent, slips 46 and 62 can be placed back-to-back.
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Ando, Shinji, Hiroaki Rikihisa, Masayuki Tsushida, and Hiromoto Kitahara. "Activities of Non-Basal Slips in Deformation of Magnesium Alloy Single and Poly Crystals." Materials Science Forum 941 (December 2018): 1242–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.941.1242.
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In this study, to investigate effects of yttrium and other elements for non-basal slips, magnesium alloy single crystals were stretched parallel to basal plane in various temperatures, and polycrystalline magnesium alloys were also tested to estimate contribution of non-basal slips to their tensile deformation behaviour. In pure magnesium single crystals, second order pyramidal (c+a) slip (SPCS) was observed at 298K. Above room temperature, first order pyramidal (c+a) slip (FPCS) was active. In the Mg - (0.6-0.9) Y alloy single crystals, FPCS was observed at 77K to 298K, while yield stress of the Mg-Y alloy single crystals was higher than that of pure magnesium. In tensile test of polycrystalline specimen, slips lines of non-basal slip systems such as SPCS, FPCS and prismatic slip were observed even at yielding in addition to basal slip lines. Among the non-basal slips, activities of FPCS and prismatic slips were increased with increasing strain in Mg - Y alloy polycrystals. Our study suggested that active non-basal slip system in tension parallel to basal plane is (c+a) pyramidal slip and enhanced ductility of magnesium - yttrium alloy would be caused from increased activity of FPCS by yttrium addition.
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Kim, Bo Min, Won Yung Lee, and Eung Hyuk Lee. "A Study on Slip Controller for Safety Improvement of Running Flat Road for Motorized Wheelchair." Applied Mechanics and Materials 789-790 (September 2015): 906–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.789-790.906.
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A slip controller that can move against the off-track and control excursion caused by slips while driving a motorized wheelchair is proposed. Detecting slips in a motorized wheelchair is to detect states of the motorized wheelchair and its motors in a traveling condition. For carrying it, slip ratios are calculated using a slip detection algorithm based on the information obtained from the six-axis IMU sensor and the encoders, which are connected to both left and right motors. The calculated slip ratios are used as control variables for improving the safety in a motorized wheelchair. In the experiment of the slip controller proposed in this study, slips are verified in a proposed track. Also, it is verified that the maximum slip ratio section is determined while turning left or right.
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Cockayne, Sarah, Caroline Fairhurst, Gillian Frost, Mark Liddle, Rachel Cunningham-Burley, Michael Zand, Catherine Hewitt, Heather M. Iles-Smith, Lorraine Green, and David J. Torgerson. "Slip-resistant footwear reduces slips among National Health Service workers in England: a randomised controlled trial." Occupational and Environmental Medicine 78, no. 7 (January 15, 2021): 472–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oemed-2020-106914.
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ObjectivesAssess the effectiveness of 5* GRIP-rated slip-resistant footwear in preventing slips in the workplace compared to usual footwear (control group).MethodsA multicentre, randomised controlled trial; 4553 National Health Service (NHS) staff were randomised 1:1 to the intervention group (provided with 5* GRIP-rated slip-resistant footwear) or the control group. The primary outcome of incidence rate of self-reported slips in the workplace over 14 weeks was analysed using a mixed-effects negative binomial model. Secondary outcome measures included incidence rate of falls from a slip, falls not from a slip, proportion of participants reporting a slip, fall or fracture and time to first slip and fall.Results6743 slips were reported: 2633 in the intervention group (mean 1.16 per participant, range 0 to 36) and 4110 in the control group (mean 1.80 per participant, range 0 to 83). There was a statistically significant reduction in slip rate in the intervention group relative to the control group (incidence rate ratio (IRR) 0.63, 95% CI 0.57 to 0.70, p<0.001). Statistically significant differences, in favour of the intervention group, were observed in falls from a slip (IRR 0.51, 95% CI 0.28 to 0.92, p=0.03), the proportion of participants who reported a slip (OR 0.58, 95% CI 0.50 to 0.66, p<0.001) or fall (OR 0.73, 95% CI 0.54 to 0.99, p=0.04) and time to first slip (HR 0.73, 95% CI 0.67 to 0.80, p<0.001).ConclusionsThe offer and provision of 5* GRIP-rated footwear reduced slips in NHS staff in the workplace.Trial registration numberISRCTN33051393.
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Wu, Kent, Suzy He, Geoff Fernie, and Atena Roshan Fekr. "Deep Neural Network for Slip Detection on Ice Surface." Sensors 20, no. 23 (December 2, 2020): 6883. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20236883.
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Slip-induced falls are among the most common causes of major occupational injuries and economic loss in Canada. Identifying the risk factors associated with slip events is key to developing preventive solutions to reduce falls. One factor is the slip-resistance quality of footwear, which is fundamental to reducing the number of falls. Measuring footwear slip resistance with the recently developed Maximum Achievable Angle (MAA) test requires a trained researcher to identify slip events in a simulated winter environment. The human capacity for information processing is limited and human error is natural, especially in a cold environment. Therefore, to remove conflicts associated with human errors, in this paper a deep three-dimensional convolutional neural network is proposed to detect the slips in real-time. The model has been trained by a new dataset that includes data from 18 different participants with various clothing, footwear, walking directions, inclined angles, and surface types. The model was evaluated on three types of slips: Maxi-slip, midi-slip, and mini-slip. This classification is based on the slip perception and recovery of the participants. The model was evaluated based on both 5-fold and Leave-One-Subject-Out (LOSO) cross validation. The best accuracy of 97% was achieved when identifying the maxi-slips. The minimum accuracy of 77% was achieved when classifying the no-slip and mini-slip trials. The overall slip detection accuracy was 86% with sensitivity and specificity of 81% and 91%, respectively. The overall accuracy dropped by about 2% in LOSO cross validation. The proposed slip detection algorithm is not only beneficial for footwear manufactures to improve their footwear slip resistance quality, but it also has other potential applications, such as improving the slip resistance properties of flooring in healthcare facilities, commercial kitchens, and oil drilling platforms.
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Welch, Thomas R. "Slip-ups on hip slips." Journal of Pediatrics 162, no. 4 (April 2013): 663. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2013.02.019.
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Dai, Zhen, Stefan Knedlik, and Otmar Loffeld. "Instantaneous Triple-Frequency GPS Cycle-Slip Detection and Repair." International Journal of Navigation and Observation 2009 (August 23, 2009): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2009/407231.
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A real-time algorithm to detect, determine, and validate the cycle-slips for triple-frequency GPS is proposed. The cycle-slip detection is implemented by simultaneously applying two geometry-free phase combinations in order to detect more insensitive cycle-slips, and it is applicable for high data rate applications. The cycle-slip determination adaptively uses the predicted phase data and the code data. LAMBDA technique is applied to search for the cycle-slip candidates. The cycle-slip validation provides strict test criteria to identify the cycle-slip candidates under low phase noise. The reliability of the proposed algorithms is tested in different simulated scenarios.
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DiDomenico, Angela, Raymond W. McGorry, and Chien-Chi Chang. "Biomechanics of a Micro-Slip." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 49, no. 14 (September 2005): 1297–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193120504901407.
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A study was conducted to investigate the differences in common biomechanical measures for slips not leading to falls, particularly micro-slips (heel displacement less than 30 mm). Thirty-one participants ranging in age from 18-67 years old performed walking trials at three gait speeds over three floor surfaces with substantially different coefficients of friction. The magnitude of heel displacement was significantly affected by floor surface and gait velocity. Trials were categorized by heel displacement (non-slip, micro-slip, slide) and then biomechanical measures were calculated. Findings of the present study indicated that biomechanical measures differed significantly for all three of the slip categories. Although micro-slips are not generally perceived by the individual, biomechanically they differ from normal walking and should be investigated further to understand the conditions that cause a fall to occur after a slip.
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Beaulieu, John C., and Dyremple B. Marsh. "Influence of Bed Cover Types on Production Time and Quality of Sweetpotato Slips." HortTechnology 12, no. 4 (January 2002): 691–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.12.4.691.
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Sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas) cultivars, Carver, Potojam, Jewel and Centennial were evaluated for slip production, using topsoil, sawdust, sand and a general-purpose peat-based commercial growing media as bed covers. Temperature measured 2 inches (5.1 cm) below the surface of the hot bed varied with covers and date measured. Sand maintained the highest bed temperature, 77 °F (25.0 °C) at 0800 hr and 79 °F (26.1 °C) at 1400 hr, throughout the growing season. Peat-covered roots produced the maximum number of slips/plot (111), while roots covered with topsoil and sawdust produced comparable yields, 55 and 45 slips/plot, respectively. Slip production varied according to harvest date, with the third harvest producing the most slips/plot (83 and 153, in year 1 and year 2, respectively), which, was likely related to increased temperatures. Cultivar significantly influenced number of slips, length of slips, and number of roots per slip. `Potojam' was the most prolific slip producer for both early and mid season production under all bed covers.
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Liu, Yun Xi, Wei Chen, Zhi Qiang Li, Liang Liang Liu, and Dong Liu. "In Situ Observation on the Deformation Behavior of Primary α-Ti in a Textured Ti-6Al-4V." Materials Science Forum 993 (May 2020): 365–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.993.365.
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The tensile deformation process and dislocation behavior of primary α-Ti of Ti-6Al-4V were studied by the in-situ tensile test combined with EBSD (electron backscatter diffraction). The initiation, evolution and distribution of dislocation slips at different strains were discussed. The results showed that the microtexture of the material had a significant influence on slip behavior. Typically, basal and prismatic <a> slips initiated first, but the dominant slip type was related to the local texture characteristics. Sometimes, the basal and prismatic <a> slips could still initiate when their Schmid factors were relatively low, while the pyramidal slips usually need a higher Schmid factor to initiate. With the increase of strain, the second slip system inside one grain was activated to accommodate the plastic deformation. When the deformation was localized in a specific microtextured region, basal <a> slips were dominant, but eventually the crack initiated from the <c+a> slip bands inside the grain.
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Liu, Kang. "Bond-Slip Relationship for EB-FRP Joints by Including Free End Slip." Applied Mechanics and Materials 368-370 (August 2013): 1031–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.368-370.1031.
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Closed form solutions are derived in this work by including free end slip, relating free end and loaded end slips to bond resistance, as well as relating slip or strain at any position to free end slip. To identify the bond-slip relationship, indirect analytical identification from load-slip response curve is used. Using the identification procedure developed in this paper, very good agreement between the theoretical solutions and experimental results was observed, which validates the theoretical results derived in this work.
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Dong, Zhi Guo, Xiao Dong Zhang, and Yuan Zong Li. "Analysis of Flowing Characteristics of Abrasive Flow Machining in Slit." Key Engineering Materials 467-469 (February 2011): 283–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.467-469.283.
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Based on the equations of motion and rheological theory of abrasive flow in the slit, effect between wall slip and grinding has been analyzed and grinding flow model of abrasive flow has been built in this paper. Wall pressure, wall shear stress, wall slip and the grinding force equation of abrasive flow were derived using the model. What is important, the effects of relevant factors were analyzed. The results show that wall slip is one of the necessary conditions that in abrasive flow machining, and show that main factors influencing wall slip are viscosity coefficient , grinding coefficient of abrasive flow, and the first normal stress difference. In the meantime, the results also show that grinding force in slit wall is proportional to the entrance pressure of slit. That is to say that the grinding force of per unit length in flow direction increasing dramatically with decreasing slit height.
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Ilieva, Ilmira. "On Some Issues of the Electronic Slip." De Jure 13, no. 2 (December 21, 2022): 293–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.54664/nfzp8644.
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This article considers some main issues about the electronic slip. It attempts to clarify the legal nature of the electronic slip. The specific features about the form, content, requisites, and the procedure for issuing an electronic slip are analyzed. A distinction is made between an electronic slip, an act for establishing an administrative offence, and a penal decree, emphasizing the peculiarities of the electronic slip. Practical questions regarding electronic slips are discussed, and proposals for improvement of the legislation are made.
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Lee, Anna, Tanvi Bhatt, Xuan Liu, Yiru Wang, Shuaijie Wang, and Yi-Chung (Clive) Pai. "Can Treadmill Slip-Perturbation Training Reduce Longer-Term Fall Risk Upon Overground Slip Exposure?" Journal of Applied Biomechanics 36, no. 5 (October 1, 2020): 298–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jab.2019-0211.
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The purpose was to examine and compare the longer-term generalization between 2 different practice dosages for a single-session treadmill slip-perturbation training when reexposed to an overground slip 6 months later. A total of 45 older adults were conveniently assigned to either 24 or 40 slip-like treadmill perturbation trials or a third control group. Overground slips were given immediately after initial training, and at 6 months after initial training in order to examine immediate and longer-term effects. The performance (center of mass stability and vertical limb support) and fall percentage from the laboratory-induced overground slips (at initial posttraining and at 6 mo) were measured and compared between groups. Both treadmill slip-perturbation groups showed immediate generalization at the initial posttraining test and longer-term generalization at the 6-month retest. The higher-practice-dosage group performed significantly better than the control group (P < .05), with no difference between the lower-practice-dosage and the control groups at the 6-month retest (P > .05). A single session of treadmill slip-perturbation training showed a positive effect for reducing older adults’ fall risk for laboratory-induced overground slips. A higher-practice dosage of treadmill slip perturbations could be more beneficial for further reducing fall risk.
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Deng, Jiang Ming, Te Fang Chen, and Jian Xiang Tang. "Half Region Dynamical Slip-Frequency Control of Single-Sided Linear Induction Motor." Advanced Materials Research 834-836 (October 2013): 1401–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.834-836.1401.
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Single-sided Linear Induction Motors (SLIMs) have been widely used in various applications for demanding direct motion or wheelless contact, e.g, the maglev transportation, in which SLIMs are employed as the traction component. Due to its special structure, the SLIM will generate attractive force as it generates thrust force. Within limited input power, in order to maximize the thrust force and restrict the attractive force, a half region dynamical slip-frequency(HRDSF) control scheme for SLIM is proposed. If SLIM is operated under acceleration or deceleration operations,slip-frequency is controlled in the high slip-frequency region close to the maximum thrust point in order to obtain the maximum thrust, and if SLIM is operated under coasting operation, slip-frequency is automatically adjusted at large value to generate a particular thrust corresponding to moving resistance, and the attractive force values, meanwhile, are kept at small values. The validity of the proposed method are verified by both simulations and experimental tests.
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Sanetrnik, Daniel, Berenika Hausnerova, and Vladimir Pata. "Online Rheometry Investigation of Flow/Slip Behavior of Powder Injection Molding Feedstocks." Polymers 11, no. 3 (March 6, 2019): 432. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym11030432.
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Wall slip in the flow of powder injection molding (PIM) compounds can be the cause of unrealistically low viscosity values, and can lead to a failure of flow simulation approaches. Regardless of its importance, it has been considered only scarcely in the rheological models applied to PIM materials. In this paper, an online extrusion rheometer equipped with rectangular slit dies was used to evaluate the slip velocity of commercial as well as in-house-prepared PIM feedstocks based on metallic and ceramic powders at close-to-processing conditions. The tested slit dies varied in their dimensions and surface roughness. The wall-slip effect was quantified using the Mooney analysis of slip velocities. The smaller gap height (1 mm) supported the wall-slip effect. It was shown that both the binder composition and the powder characteristic affect slip velocity. Slip velocity can be reduced by tailoring a powder particle size distribution towards smaller particle fractions. The thickness of the polymer layer formed at the channel wall is higher for water-soluble feedstocks, while in the case of the catalytic polyacetal feedstocks the effect of surface roughness was manifested through lower viscosity at smooth surfaces.
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Sauzay, Maxime, Pierre Evrard, and Karine Bavard. "Influence of Slip Localization on Surface Relief Formation and Grain Boundary Microcrack Nucleation." Key Engineering Materials 465 (January 2011): 35–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.465.35.
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Slip localization is often observed in metallic polycrystals after cyclic deformation (persistent slip bands) or pre-irradiation followed by tensile deformation (channels). To evaluate its influence on surface relief formation and grain boundary microcrack nucleation, crystalline finite element (FE) computations are carried out using microstructure inputs (slip band aspect ratio/spacing). Slip bands (low critical resolved shear stress (CRSS)) are embedded in small elastic aggregates. Slip band aspect ratio and neighboring grain orientations influence strongly the surface slips. But only a weak effect of slip band CRSS, spacing and grain boundary orientation is observed. Analytical formulae are deduced which allow an easy prediction of the surface and bulk slips. The computed slips are in agreement with experimental measures (AFM/TEM measures on pre-irradiated austenitic stainless steels and nickel, copper and precipitate-strengthened alloy subjected to cyclic loading). Grain boundary normal stresses are computed for various materials and loading conditions. A square root dependence with respect to the distance to the slip band corner is found similarly to the pile-up stress field. But the equivalent stress intensity factor is considerably lower. Analytical formulae are proposed for predicting the grain boundary normal stress field depending on the microstructure lengths. Finally, an energy balance criterion is applied using the equivalent elastic energy release rate and the surface/grain boundary energies. The predicted macroscopic stresses for microcrack nucleation are compared to the experimental ones.
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Tang, Yang, Peng Sun, Guorong Wang, and Wang Li. "Analysis of pressure-bearing performance and optimization of structural parameters of the slip in a compression packer." Science Progress 103, no. 1 (October 21, 2019): 003685041988110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0036850419881106.
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In drilling and completion operations, a packer is a downhole tool to seal the annular space between various sizes of string and borehole. As a key component of packer, slip plays a role of fixed support in the process of setting, thus ensuring a long-term stable sealing of the packer. Aiming at the problem of damage caused by casing pressure on the slip after setting, based on the stress analysis of slip during setting, the slip material with hardness lower than casing was selected, and its finite element analysis model was established. Then, the pressure-bearing law of the slip teeth under three tooth parameters was analyzed. The results of analysis were as follows. With the increase of the number of slips or the distance between teeth or tooth top angle, the strain of slips decreased, but the bending moment of slips increased. At the same time, orthogonal test method was used to optimize the parameters of the slips. The conclusion is that the tooth top angle is 90 degrees, the distance between teeth is 6 mm and the number of teeth is 16, which is the best combination of compressive effect. It will provide a reference for improving the long-term effectiveness of the packer seal in drilling and completion engineering.
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Fu, Xiyu, Yongrong Sun, Ling Wu, Kaifeng Wang, and Kedong Zhao. "A Cycle Slip Detection and Repair Method Based on Inertial Aiding for BDS Triple-Frequency Signals." Sensors 23, no. 12 (June 16, 2023): 5641. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23125641.
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Cycle slip detection and repair is a prerequisite to obtain high-precision positioning based on a carrier phase. Traditional triple-frequency pseudorange and phase combination algorithm are highly sensitive to the pseudorange observation accuracy. To solve the problem, a cycle slip detection and repair algorithm based on inertial aiding for a BeiDou navigation satellite system (BDS) triple-frequency signal is proposed. To enhance the robustness, the INS-aided cycle slip detection model with double-differenced observations is derived. Then, the geometry-free phase combination is united to detect the insensitive cycle slip, and the optimal coefficient combination is selected. Furthermore, the L2-norm minimum principle is used to search and confirm the cycle slip repair value. To correct the INS error accumulated over time, the extended Kalman filter based on the BDS/INS tightly coupled system is established. The vehicular experiment is conducted to evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithm from a few aspects. The results indicate that the proposed algorithm can reliably detect and repair all cycle slips that occur in one cycle, including the small and insensitive cycle slips as well as the intensive and continuous cycle slips. Additionally, in signal-challenged environments, the cycle slips occurring 14 s after a satellite signal outage can be correctly detected and repaired.
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Cen, Jun-Yu, and Tilak Dutta. "Development and Evaluation of a Slip Detection Algorithm for Walking on Level and Inclined Ice Surfaces." Sensors 22, no. 6 (March 18, 2022): 2370. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22062370.
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Slip-resistant footwear can prevent fall-related injuries on icy surfaces. Winter footwear slip resistance can be measured by the Maximum Achievable Angle (MAA) test, which measures the steepest ice-covered incline that participants can walk up and down without experiencing a slip. However, the MAA test requires the use of a human observer to detect slips, which increases the variability of the test. The objective of this study was to develop and evaluate an automated slip detection algorithm for walking on level and inclined ice surfaces to be used with the MAA test to replace the need for human observers. Kinematic data were collected from nine healthy young adults walking up and down on ice surfaces in a range from 0° to 12° using an optical motion capture system. Our algorithm segmented these data into steps and extracted features as inputs to two linear support vector machine classifiers. The two classifiers were trained, optimized, and validated to classify toe slips and heel slips, respectively. A total of approximately 11,000 steps from 9 healthy participants were collected, which included approximately 4700 slips. Our algorithm was able to detect slips with an overall F1 score of 90.1%. In addition, the algorithm was able to accurately classify backward toe slips, forward toe slips, backward heel slips, and forward heel slips with F1 scores of 97.3%, 54.5%, 80.9%, and 86.5%, respectively.
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Hsu, Y. H., I. G. Turner, and A. W. Miles. "The Effect of Slip Loading on the Properties of Porous Calcium Phosphate Bioceramics." Key Engineering Materials 361-363 (November 2007): 19–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.361-363.19.
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Ceramic slips with powder loadings in the range of 80-140 wt% were used to investigate the effect of slip loading on the physical and mechanical properties of open pore HA/TCP bioceramics. The results indicated that increasing the slip loading had an effect on the properties of the samples. The average apparent density, the work of fracture and compressive strength all increased with slip loading. In contrast, the effect of increasing slip loading on the four-point bending strength was not significant.
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Wang, Qixin, Chunyan Kong, Ruihuan Tang, Wenrong Feng, Yang Li, and Mingkun Yang. "Optimum Design for Inserted Tooth Slips Setting Process Based on the Furrow Effect." Processes 11, no. 2 (February 13, 2023): 573. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr11020573.
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This work established a finite element analysis (FEA) model of an inserted tooth-type slip assembly under bear setting load and axial load, calculated the differences between the inserted teeth of the sidetracking packer slip-formed furrow shapes on the casing face, and analyzed the setting reliability of the inserted tooth slip sidetracking packer. The orthogonal optimization analysis of the structural parameters of the sidetracking packer was carried out on the basis of the furrow effect. Finally, the setting experiment was conducted with the inserted tooth slip sidetracking packer developed to verify correctness of the FEA model and the simulation results. The results show that in the FEA and calculation of the setting process of the inserted tooth-type slip, it is not only necessary to consider the furrow friction coefficient, but also the effect of the ridge on the furrow friction coefficient. The corresponding furrow friction coefficient varies according to the different furrow effects occurring on the casing surface caused by the various types of teeth inserted on the packer slips. The furrow effect is related to the sharpness of the tooth tips of the slips. The sharper the tooth tips, the more obvious the furrow effect is. Under the dual effects of the furrow effect and the adhesion effect, the carbide teeth of the slip feed into the casing wall to produce a uniform and distinct indentation on the premise of meeting the inserted tooth strength to ensure a reliable setting and hanging the inserted tooth slip sidetracking packer. The optimal combination of slip parameters was obtained by taking the optimal bite depth uniformity as the objective function: slip tooth installation spacing L = 10 mm, slip tooth installation angle α = 80°, slip tooth diameter d = 10 mm, and slip wedge angle β = 6°. The standard deviation of bite depth uniformity of the optimized slip teeth is 74.45% lower than that before optimization. The research results of this paper basically meet the requirements of engineering applications.
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Nurliyana Syamira Rozeli, Ahmad Nazri Mohd Som, Norihan Md Arifin, Fadzilah Md Ali, and Aniza Abd Ghani. "Double Stratified MHD Stagnation Point Slip Flow Over a Permeable Shrinking/Stretching Surface in A Porous Medium." Journal of Advanced Research in Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Sciences 90, no. 2 (January 18, 2022): 64–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.37934/arfmts.90.2.6472.
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The intention of this article is to investigate the impact of slip of MHD stagnation point flow over a permeable shrinking/stretching sheet with double stratification in a porous medium. Employing the appropriate similarity transformations and non-dimensional variables, the governing partial differential equations were reduced into a set of nonlinear ordinary differential equations. These equations were solved using shooting method and influence of pertinent variables on velocity, temperature and concentration are computed and analyzed. It was found that the slips have the propensity to control boundary layer flow and as the velocity slip increases, the momentum, thermal, and concentration boundary layer thickness become thinner for velocity slip. Therefore, velocity slip acts as a boost for enhancement of the velocity profile in the boundary layer region, whereas temperature and concentration profiles decelerate with the velocity slip. It is also shown that the skin friction coefficient has decreased as the values of velocity slip increase while the It was found that the slips have the propensity to control boundary layer flow and as the velocity slip increases, the momentum, thermal, and concentration boundary layer thickness become thinner for velocity slip. Therefore, velocity slip acts as a boost for enhancement of the velocity profile in the boundary layer region, whereas temperature and concentration profiles decelerate with the velocity slip. It is also shown that the skin friction coefficient has decreased as the values of velocity slip increase while the local Nusselt number and the local Sherwood number are increasing. A comparison with previous studies available in the literature has been done and found an excellent agreement by comparing the numerical results in two decimal places which supports the validity of the present analysis.
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Chen, Ching Chung. "Slip-Resistance Assessment on Different Types of Emery Anti-Slip Strip." Advanced Materials Research 690-693 (May 2013): 3436–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.690-693.3436.
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Anti-slip strip was one of the most popular slip-resistant products indoor and outdoor, especially on the ramp. By using anti-slip strip the roughness of floor can be increased, the COF will be increased and the risk of slips and falls will be reduced at the same time. This study wanted to find out the effects of slip-resistance under different particle sizes of steel grit, different floor contamination conditions and different inclined angles while using the emery anti-slip strip. The results demonstrated that the particle size of steel grit used on the emery anti-slip strip has significant influence on the COF. When footwear had no groove under the shoe sole or the groove had been abraded badly, the particle size had to be big enough to perform the function of the anti-slip especially under the floor contamination of glycerol and water. Therefore, the study suggested that the particle size of steel grit used on the emery anti-slip strip should be larger than 500μm to provide fine anti-slip effects.
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Zoet, Lucas K., and Neal R. Iverson. "A slip law for glaciers on deformable beds." Science 368, no. 6486 (April 2, 2020): 76–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aaz1183.
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Slip of marine-terminating ice streams over beds of deformable till is responsible for most of the contribution of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet to sea level rise. Flow models of the ice sheet and till-bedded glaciers elsewhere require a law that relates slip resistance, slip velocity, and water pressure at the bed. We present results of experiments in which pressurized ice at its melting temperature is slid over a water-saturated till bed. Steady-state slip resistance increases with slip velocity owing to sliding of ice across the bed, but above a threshold velocity, till shears at its rate-independent Coulomb strength. These results motivate a generalized slip law for glacier-flow models that combines processes of hard-bedded sliding and bed deformation.
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Han, Feng, Hua Han, Pengrui Zhong, Yong Zou, Jiqiang Huang, and Long Xue. "Study on Surface Configurations and Force Transfer Mechanism of Dual-Wedge Shaped Slips for Liner Hanger." Energies 16, no. 7 (March 31, 2023): 3177. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16073177.
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The penetration force and depth of the slip teeth are important factors influencing the hanging capacity of liner hanger, which can lead to failure of well cementation. In this study, a method to calculate the penetration force of dual-wedge slip teeth was presented by considering the surface configuration and the force transfer mechanism of dual-wedge slip in three dimensions. The interaction between dual-wedge slips and casing was simulated using ABAQUS 6.14 software, and the contact force (penetration force) was obtained. Experimental research was carried out to verify the correction of calculation and simulation. The strain of casing was obtained after the dual-wedge slips set under axial loads. The experimental results, theoretical prediction, and the numerical simulation are in good agreement. The effects of geometrical parameters on force transfer characteristics were discussed, which shows that the penetration force of dual-wedge slips increases with increase in the liner weight and Eulerian angle γ, and it decreases with the increase in Eulerian angle α and friction coefficient. The geometric parameters of the dual-wedge slip can be designed to obtain an optimal penetration force, and ensure that the slip teeth penetrate into the inner wall of casing without damage to the casing. The penetration force can be obtained by optimizing the parameters related to geometry of dual-wedge slips.
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Lin, Zhong Chao. "The Strength Analysis and Structure Optimization of Packer Slip Based on ANSYS." Applied Mechanics and Materials 423-426 (September 2013): 1967–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.423-426.1967.
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Packer is one of the main down-hole mining tools in oil field. When setting the packer prone to fracture under tremendous pressure, directly affect the sealing performance of the packer, which affects the process of mining and safety in production wells. The slip was analysised by using the finite element analysis software ANSYS Workbench. When the applied load is 140kN, the slips maximum stress is 230.11MPa, which exceeding the maximum compressive strength of this material. In the fracturing test of the slip packer test model, the test pressure is 186.33kN when slip fracturing, the compressive strength is measured 233Mpa. To optimize the structure of slip, the spacing size of slip tooth were 15 mm, 25 mm and 30 mm. According to the results of finite element analysis, when the spacing size of slip tooth is 30 mm, the distribution of the slip tooths stress and strain tends to uniform. The maximum load is 240kN. This slip structure size is reasonable, and it provides a reference for the optimization design of slip.
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Cham, Rakié, Brian Moyer, and Mark S. Redfern. "Effect of Having A-Priori Knowledge of the Floor's Contaminant Condition on the Biomechanics of Slips." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 46, no. 13 (September 2002): 1181–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193120204601337.
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Injuries and deaths are often the result of slips/falls. The perceived danger of slipping affects gait biomechanics. This paper investigated the effect of having a-priori knowledge of the floor's contaminant condition on the biomechanics of slips. Five healthy young male subjects donned a safety harness and walked across a walkway, while ground reaction forces and whole body motion were recorded bilaterally at 60 Hz. Slips on soapy floors occurred under 3 “knowledge” conditions: (1) unexpected slips, (2) slips when uncertain of the contaminant condition, and (3) slips when walking onto known contaminated floors. in (2) and (3), i.e. anticipation of slippery surfaces, subjects generated proactive reactions (reduced stance duration and foot angle at heel contact as well as greater hip flexion) compared to unexpected conditions in (1). Those reactions reduced slip potential but also minimized gait disturbances (reduced slip distance and sliding velocity of the heel) when a slip occurred.
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Hu, Chaoyang, Fengjiao Wang, Tingting Wang, Chi Ai, and Chenyu Wu. "Experimental Study on Formation Slip under Injection-Production Interregional Pressure Difference Based on the Abnormal Similarity Theory." Geofluids 2021 (September 6, 2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5536786.
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In oilfield development, the pore pressure difference between adjacent areas leads to cracks and slipping in the weak structural surface layer, which triggers the shear failure of the casing. The formation slip involves a large range of formation, and its amount is not proportional to the size of the slipping rock mass, which conventional physical models cannot simulate. In this study, based on the abnormal similarity theory, we derived the similarity coefficients of mechanical parameters with different horizontal and vertical proportions. Furthermore, an experimental device for simulating the formation crack and slip under interregional formation pressure difference was developed. Through the experiments, we obtained slip conditions under different pressure differences between adjacent areas and different oil layers and fault surface depths. The study shows that the pore pressure difference between adjacent areas is the driving force of the formation slips. The slip zone is located in the middle of two abnormal pressure zones, and the distance between the adjacent areas can affect the slip range. The deep burial of the oil layer and shallow depth of the weak structural surface can trigger a more significant formation slip. The experimental method proposed in this paper provides an experimental device and method for understanding the formation of cracks and slips on weak structural surfaces. The experimental results provide a theoretical basis for the prevention of shear-type casing damage caused by formation slip.
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Mitsoulis, Evan. "Annular Extrudate Swell of Newtonian Fluids: Effects of Compressibility and Slip at the Wall." Journal of Fluids Engineering 129, no. 11 (June 5, 2007): 1384–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2786491.
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Numerical simulations have been undertaken for the benchmark problem of annular extrudate swell present in pipe extrusion and parison formation in blow molding. The effects of weak compressibility and slip at the wall are studied through simple linear laws. The finite element method is used to provide numerical results for different inner/outer diameter ratios κ under steady-state conditions for Newtonian fluids. The present results provide the shape of the extrudate, and, in particular, the thickness and diameter swells, as a function of the dimensionless compressibility and slip coefficients, B and Bsl, respectively. The pressures from the simulations have been used to compute the excess pressure losses in the flow field (exit correction). Weak compressibility slightly affects the thickness swell (about 1% in the range of simulations 0⩽B⩽0.02) mainly by a swell reduction, while slip drastically reduces the swelling to 1–2% for obvious slip (Bsl≈1) and to 0 for perfect slip (Bsl>10). The exit correction increases with increasing compressibility levels and is highest for the tube (κ=0) and lowest for the slit (κ=1). It decreases monotonically to 0 as the dimensionless slip coefficient reaches its asymptotic limit of perfect slip. All results are ordered with the diameter ratio κ, between the limits of tube (κ=0) and slit (κ=1).
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Wyszomierski, Sarah A., April J. Chambers, and Rakié Cham. "Knee Strength Capabilities and Slip Severity." Journal of Applied Biomechanics 25, no. 2 (May 2009): 140–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jab.25.2.140.
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Slips and falls are a serious public health concern in older populations. Reduced muscle strength is associated with increased age and fall incidence. Understanding the relationships between specific joint muscle strength characteristics and propensity to slip is important to identify biomechanical factors responsible for slip-initiated falls and to improve slip/fall prevention programs. Knee corrective moments generated during slipping assist in balance recovery. Therefore, the study goal was to investigate the relationship between knee flexion/extension strength and slip severity. Isometric knee flexion/extension peak torque and rate of torque development (RTD) of the slipping leg were measured in 29 young and 28 older healthy subjects. Motion data were collected for an unexpected slip during self-paced walking. Peak slip velocity (PSV) of the slipping heel served as a slip severity measure. Within-sex and age group regressions relating gait speed-controlled PSV to strength of the slipping leg revealed significant inverse PSV-knee extension peak torque and PSV-knee flexion/extension RTD relationships in young males only. Differences in PSV-strength relationships between sex and age groups may be caused by greater ranges of strength capabilities in young males. In conclusion, the ability to generate higher, more rapid knee flexion/extension muscle moments (greater peak torque/RTD) may assist in recovery from severe slips.
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Maldini, Mochammad Yusril Ihza, and Rohmani Nur Indah. "SLIP OF THE TONGUE AND GENDER RELATION IN ADVANCE DEBATE COMMUNITY." Journal of Languages and Language Teaching 8, no. 4 (October 25, 2020): 360. http://dx.doi.org/10.33394/jollt.v8i4.2828.
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This study discusses the slip of the tongue found in male and female debaters of Advance Debate Community (ADC). This particular topic is chosen with the assumption that gender difference can influence slip of the tongue. It aims at describing how the slip of the tongue produced by male and female debaters on ADC debate performance. In addition, it deciphers the factors causing the slips of tongue. To get the intended results, this study used descriptive analysis to explain the existing data. The ADC debate record was converted to text manually. Then, the result was identified into the utterances containing slip of tongue. The researchers classified data types based on the slip of tongue model according to Caroll (1986). There are eight types of slip of tongue presented, namely: anticipation, perseveration, reversal/exchange, blend, misderivation, substitution, addition and deletion. The findings show that the male debaters produce more slip of tongue by displaying thirteen slip of tongue with five different types, namely: anticipation, misderivation, substitution, addition, and deletion. While female debaters display fewer slip of tongue, that is nine slip of tongue but more varied with six different types, namely: anticipation, blend, misderivation, substitution, addition and deletion.
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Bassani, J. L. "Single Crystal Hardening." Applied Mechanics Reviews 43, no. 5S (May 1, 1990): S320—S327. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3120835.
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The hardening behavior of individual slip systems under multislip deformations is reinterpreted, which leads to a new analytical description of hardening. Most significantly, the transition from stage I (single slip easy glide) to stage II (multiple slip) hardening for “single slip” orientations of the tensile axis and, generally, the orientation dependence of hardening is well predicted. Even within a time-independent framework the hardening description leads to a unique determination of the active set of slips. Numerical calculations are based on an extremum principle and utilize a modified quadratic programming algorithm.
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Liang, Bin, Fan Shen Meng, and Rui Mao. "Study on Interface Slips in Concrete Filled Square Steel Tubular Column." Advanced Materials Research 163-167 (December 2010): 888–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.163-167.888.
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Based on the principle of minimum potential energy, the interface slips in concrete filled square steel tubular column is calculated. According to the study of bond-slip behaviors of steel reinforced concrete and steel tube concrete, a pull-out mechanics model of concrete filled square steel tubular column has been built. The slip displacement on the interface of steel and concrete of the column along the embedment length is derived by the principle of minimum potential energy. The calculation results show that the slip curves have the basic characteristics of quadratic curves distribute. The results can be used to describe the interface slips between steel and concrete under complicated loads.
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Sugiura, Natsuko, and Naoki Yoshinaga. "Clarification of Extremely High R-Value Mechanism of the Electro-Deposited Pure Iron." Advanced Materials Research 922 (May 2014): 740–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.922.740.
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Electro-deposited pure iron has a very sharp and isotropic <111>//ND fiber texture and a needle shaped grain elongated in the ND. This pure iron exhibits an r-value of over 7, and it is difficult to explain such a high r-value only from the texture. Specific {110} plane slips, which are perpendicular to the sheet surface, exclusively act in this material and this limitation of the active slip system is the main mechanism behind the extraordinarily high r-value. Thus, tensile deformation by this slip system doesn’t require a decrease in thickness. In this study, the mechanism of this slip system limitation is investigated. Because both the {110} slip plane and grain boundary are perpendicular to the sheet surface, the slip plane can easily connect with adjacent grains. This good continuity of slip plane with adjacent grain may have an influence on the choice of slip system.
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Hepp, Jacob, Michael Shiraishi, Michelle Tran, Emmy Henson, Mira Ananthanarayanan, and Rahul Soangra. "Exploring Teslasuit’s Potential in Detecting Sequential Slip-Induced Kinematic Changes among Healthy Young Adults." Sensors 23, no. 14 (July 9, 2023): 6258. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23146258.
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This study aimed to assess whether the Teslasuit, a wearable motion-sensing technology, could detect subtle changes in gait following slip perturbations comparable to an infrared motion capture system. A total of 12 participants wore Teslasuits equipped with inertial measurement units (IMUs) and reflective markers. The experiments were conducted using the Motek GRAIL system, which allowed for accurate timing of slip perturbations during heel strikes. The data from Teslasuit and camera systems were analyzed using statistical parameter mapping (SPM) to compare gait patterns from the two systems and before and after slip. We found significant changes in ankle angles and moments before and after slip perturbations. We also found that step width significantly increased after slip perturbations (p = 0.03) and total double support time significantly decreased after slip (p = 0.01). However, we found that initial double support time significantly increased after slip (p = 0.01). However, there were no significant differences observed between the Teslasuit and motion capture systems in terms of kinematic curves for ankle, knee, and hip movements. The Teslasuit showed promise as an alternative to camera-based motion capture systems for assessing ankle, knee, and hip kinematics during slips. However, some limitations were noted, including kinematics magnitude differences between the two systems. The findings of this study contribute to the understanding of gait adaptations due to sequential slips and potential use of Teslasuit for fall prevention strategies, such as perturbation training.
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Xu, Xiaofei, Zhixi Nie, Zhenjie Wang, and Yuanfan Zhang. "A Modified TurboEdit Cycle-Slip Detection and Correction Method for Dual-Frequency Smartphone GNSS Observation." Sensors 20, no. 20 (October 10, 2020): 5756. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20205756.
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Recently, some smartphone manufacturers have subsequently released dual-frequency GNSS smartphones. With dual-frequency observations, the positioning performance is expected to be significantly improved. Cycle-slip detection and correction play an important role in high-precision GNSS positioning, such as precise point positioning (PPP) and real-time kinematic (RTK) positioning. The TurboEdit method utilizes Melbourne–Wübbena (MW) and phase ionospheric residual (PIR) combinations to detect cycle-slips, and it is widely used in the data processing applications for geodetic GNSS receivers. The smartphone pseudorange observations are proved to be much noisier than those collected with geodetic GNSS receivers. Due to the poor pseudorange observation, the MW combination would be difficult to detect small cycle-slips. In addition, some specific cycle-slip combinations, where the ratio of cycle-slip values at different carrier frequencies is close to the frequency ratio, are also difficult to be detected by PIR combination. As a consequence, the traditional TurboEdit method may fail to detect specific small cycle-slip combinations. In this contribution, we develop a modified TurboEdit cycle-slip detection and correction method for dual-frequency smartphone GNSS observations. At first, MW and PIR combinations are adopted to detect cycle-slips by comparing these two combinations with moving-window average values. Then, the epoch-differenced wide-lane combinations are used to estimate the changes of smartphone position and clock bias, and the cycle-slip is identified by checking the largest normalized residual whether it exceeds a predefined threshold value. The process of estimation and cycle-slip identification is implemented in an iterative way until there is no over-limit residual or there is no redundant measurement. At last, the cycle-slip values at each frequency are estimated with the epoch-differenced wide-lane and ionosphere-free combinations, and the least-square ambiguity decorrelation adjustment (LAMBDA) method is adopted to further obtain an integer solution. The proposed method has been verified with 1 Hz dual-frequency smartphone GNSS data. The results show that the modified TurboEdit method can effectively detect and correct even for specific small cycle-slip combinations, e.g., (4, 3), which is difficult to be detected with the traditional TurboEdit method.
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Munawar, Khalid, and Masaru Uchiyama. "Slip compensated manipulation of an object with cooperating multiple robots." Robotica 17, no. 5 (September 1999): 543–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263574799001733.
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Cooperating multiple robots may experience slips between their end-effectors and the object when making no rigid grasps, as is the case of manipulating fingers. Consequently, these slips make the robotic system unsuccessful in executing a job properly and can even cause a failure of control. Contact-point slips can be avoided by defining multiple constraints on grasping forces and usable workspace, but these constraints limit the utilization of a robotic system. The researchers working on finger grasps and multiple robots cooperation with contact have always been assuming no slips at the contact points. However, in normal practice, one has to encounter this problem. Hence, this paper has taken this contact-point slip problem as its main topic and theme of work. Consequently, the slip phenomenon is analyzed thoroughly and then generalized for a multiple robot system manipulating a geometrically regular-shaped object. Different slip configurations are introduced and methods for their detection are proposed. This detection does not consider dedicated sensors neither for the object's posture nor for the slip detection. It, rather, utilizes only the finger-tip position information usually available from the kinematics based on very common sensors available with the manipulator. Utilizing the proposed methodology, it is possible to detect the end-point slips in most of the cases and realize an exact task execution and stability of control, with a minimum number of sensors.
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Somton, Kritkaew, Pitak Laoratanakul, and Ryan McCuiston. "Effect of Binder Content on the Slip Rheology and Green Properties of Slip Cast Alumina." Key Engineering Materials 798 (April 2019): 177–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.798.177.
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The rheology of A96% alumina slips and the physical and mechanical properties of slip cast samples were studied. The slips had a constant solids loading of 40 wt% alumina and a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) content of 0-3 wt%, as a binder. The rheological behavior and viscosity of the slips were examined to determine the flowability of the slips necessary for the casting process. The slips were prepared by ball milling and the bend bar samples were cast in plaster molds. The green densities and the flexural strength of the bars were measured, and the fracture surfaces were examined by scanning electron microscopy. It was found that the slip viscosity increased with an increase of PVA content. The green flexural strength also increased to a maximum value of 0.52 MPa with increasing PVA up to 2 wt%. The further addition of PVA decreased the flexural strength. The green density did not significantly change with the PVA content, however the samples produced using 3 wt% PVA showed the lowest percentage of theoretical density of 41%. The fracture surface of the 3 wt% PVA sample showed numerous large pores compared with the other samples. Therefore, in this study it was concluded that there is in optimal amount of PVA to produce the highest green density and flexural strength of cast samples. Excess PVA reduced the flowability of the slip and resulted in excess porosity, which decreased the green density and deteriorated the flexural strength.
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Jalali, H., A. Hedayati, and H. Ahmadian. "Modelling mechanical interfaces experiencing micro-slip/slap." Inverse Problems in Science and Engineering 19, no. 6 (September 2011): 751–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17415977.2010.531467.
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WATANABE, Keizo, YANUAR, and Hiroshi MIZUNUMA. "Slip of Newtonian Fluids at Slid Boundary." JSME International Journal Series B 41, no. 3 (1998): 525–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeb.41.525.
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Timms, Brad. "“Slip, Slop, Slap” campaign may need rethink." Lancet Oncology 3, no. 10 (October 2002): 588. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1470-2045(02)00892-6.
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Lu, Jialiang. "Tracing the Origin and Development of the Black Ink Marks Daubed onto the Upper Edges of Bamboo Slips in Warring States, Qin, and Han Manuscripts: With the Term jiang 江 from Slip 118 of Vol. 5 of the Yuelu Qin Slips Serving as a Guide." Bamboo and Silk 6, no. 2 (August 17, 2023): 252–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/24689246-20230034.
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Abstract The phrase “make wet its upper part” (jiang qi shang 江其上), which appears in the protocol inscribed on slip nos. 117–118 of Accessory Ordinance C no. 4 卒令丙四 in vol. 5 of the Yuelu shuyuan cang Qin jian 岳麓書院藏秦簡 (“Qin Slips Housed at the Yuelu Academy”) as an instruction for the marking of document label slips, should be read as “[inscribe] a plank-mark onto its upper part” (gang qi shang 杠其上). This phrase in the protocol instructs clerks to mark label slips by inscribing a horizontal “plank” mark (heng gang 橫杠) onto the upper part of a rectangular slip (fang 方). The marks that were produced by this clerical custom are the visually conspicuous markers modern scholars describe as “blackened bamboo slip tops” (jian shou tu hei 簡首塗黑) that frequently appear in caches of early Chinese textual materials. However, rather than using the phrase “blackened bamboo slip tops,” it would be more precise to refer to these as “horizontal oblong black ink marks” (mo heng 墨橫) or “black ink plank marks” (mo gang 墨杠).
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Schmalzer, Andrew M., and A. Jeffrey Giacomin. "Die drool theory." Journal of Polymer Engineering 33, no. 1 (February 1, 2013): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/polyeng-2012-0044.
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Abstract When molten plastic is extruded from a die, it sometimes collects on the open face of the die. Known as die drool, this phenomenon costs plastics manufacturers by requiring die cleaning. This has been attributed to many causes, but none of these has led to an equation for the drool rate. In this work, we provide an exact analytical solution for the drool rate, and we base this solution on a postulate of a cohesive slip layer near the die walls. We thus attribute die drool to cohesive failure within the fluid at an internal surface where the fluid slips on itself. We adimensionalize the drool rate with the production rate, and call this the buildup ratio, BR. We provide an exact analytical solution for BR when the cohesive slip layer either slips at the die wall, or when it does not. We examine two important extrusion geometries: slit (which we then extend to pipe) and tube flow. We identify two new experiments: one to measure BR as a function of pressure drop, and another as a function of the die aspect ratio, and we then use our new theory to design droolometers.
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Horikawa, Keitaro, and Hidetoshi Kobayashi. "Hydrogen Accumulation during Fatigue Deformation of Al-Mg-Si Base Alloys." Materials Science Forum 519-521 (July 2006): 1053–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.519-521.1053.
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Hydrogen accumulation during fatigue of bake-hardened Al-Mg-Si alloys was investigated by means of hydrogen microprint technique. As a result of S-N curve relation as a function of testing frequency, effect of environmental hydrogen on fatigue properties was not clearly identified. Based on the low cycle fatigue test with 60MPa stress amplitude, it was revealed that hydrogen was preferentially accumulated on slip lines and that distribution of hydrogen emission was changed in the crack propagation direction. Hydrogen was preferentially accumulated at the coarse slip lines near the fatigue cracks where the separation of slip planes was observed in the fracture surface. On the other hand, hydrogen was observed on the slip lines arranged like steps where the fatigue striations were formed in the fracture surface. At near the final fracture area where the finer slip lines were formed on specimen surface, hydrogen was arranged on each slip lines formed by multiple slips. Morphology of hydrogen accumulation on slip lines was not changed when the testing frequency was changed from 2Hz to 15Hz.
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Balch Samora, J., B. Adler, S. Druhan, S. A. Brown, J. Erickson, W. P. Samora, and K. E. Klingele. "MRI in idiopathic, stable, slipped capital femoral epiphysis: evaluation of contralateral pre-slip." Journal of Children's Orthopaedics 12, no. 5 (October 2018): 454–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1302/1863-2548.12.170204.
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Purpose Early diagnosis and treatment of slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE) is important to prevent slip progression and avoid complications. We sought to determine if MRI findings in patients with unilateral SCFE could indicate ‘pre-slip’ or predict future SCFE in the contralateral hip. Methods A prospective study evaluated patients with unilateral SCFE over a two-year period. MRI of the asymptomatic hip was performed within the perioperative period. Patients were followed with radiographs until a contralateral slip occurred or until physeal closure. Demographics, clinical stability, severity, posterior slope angle (PSA), modified Oxford Bone Score (mOBS) and patency of the triradiate cartilage were recorded and statistical analysis performed. Results In all, 33 of 54 patients with unilateral SCFE were enrolled into the study. In all, 29 (87.8%) had complete follow-up. Five of the enrolled patients (15.2%) developed a sequential slip requiring in situ pinning. Six of 33 (18.2%) patients had positive MRI findings: four of which proceeded to sequential SCFE and two which did not. One sequential slip had a negative MRI. PSA predicted 1/11 sequential slips (sensitivity 9.09%, specificity 81.4%, positive predictive value (PPV) 11.1%, negative predictive value (NPV) 77.8%) and mOBS predicted 5/11 sequential slips (sensitivity 45.5%, specificity 93%, PPV 62.5%, NPV 87%). An open triradiate cartilage was present in 8/11 patients with sequential slips (sensitivity 72.7%, specificity 81.4%, PPV 50%, NPV 92.1%). Conclusion MRI findings consistent with ‘pre-slip’ were present in 66.7% of patients who developed a sequential SCFE. Further study on the utility/sensitivity of MRI in predicting sequential SCFE is warranted. Level of Evidence II, diagnostic
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Hari Prasadh S, Et al. "Design and Construction of a Hydroelectric Drive Coiled Tubing Downhole Tractor." International Journal on Recent and Innovation Trends in Computing and Communication 11, no. 4 (April 30, 2023): 363–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/ijritcc.v11i4.9840.
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This research focuses on the design and development of a novel hydro-electric drive coiled tubing downhole tractor. The tractor consists of upper slips and supports, a trailer structure, a center slip pipe assembly, a control structure, and a lower slips support structure. The unique design of the tractor allows for better control, making it suitable for slim hole well towing operations. Additionally, it ensures normal down-hole liquid circulation, offers flexible bending adaptability, and provides excellent stability. Unlike conventional tractors, this innovative design enables bivector traction, allowing for smooth pulling motion in both directions. Moreover, the tractor incorporates power-off protection to enhance operational safety.
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Yang, Qi Fei, and Qing Lin Meng. "Ultimate Slip between FRP and Concrete on their Interface." Advanced Materials Research 383-390 (November 2011): 852–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.383-390.852.
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The ultimate relative slip between reinforced polymer (FRP) and concrete on their bond interface is a key parameter to analyze the debonding failure of FRP strengthened reinforced concrete beams. Lots of simple shear test specimens have been used to test the slip-shear stress relationship on the bond interface. However, the ultimate FRP-concrete slip has not been obtained directly from these experiments. Based on different theoretical considerations some ultimate slip values have been predicted. These values differ from one another to a large extent. The lower limit of the maximal slip between FRP and concrete in the span of strengthened beams is derived through a set of simple assumptions. Example calculations show that at loads exceeding 80% of the designed loads most maximal slips would reach 0.2mm or greater. The fact that most experimental beams at such loads do not exhibit debonding failure manifests that the ultimate slip should be greater than 0.2mm.
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Gatto, Michele Placido Antonio. "Incorporating Rainfall Forecast Data in X-SLIP Platform to Predict the Triggering of Rainfall-Induced Shallow Landslides in Real Time." Geosciences 13, no. 7 (July 19, 2023): 215. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences13070215.
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Extreme and prolonged rainfall resulting from global warming determines a growing need for reliable Landslide Early Warning Systems (LEWS) to manage the risk of rainfall-induced shallow landslides (also called soil slips). Regional LEWS are typically based on data-driven methods because of their greater computational effectiveness, which is greater than the ones of physically based models (PBMs); however, the latter reproduces the physical mechanism of the modelled phenomena, and their modelling is more accurate. The purpose of this research is to investigate the prediction quality of the simplified PBM SLIP (implemented in the X-SLIP platform) when applied on a regional scale by analysing the stability of rain forecasts. X-SLIP was updated to handle the GRIB files (format for weather forecast). Four real-time predictions were simulated on some towns of the Emilia Apennines (northern Italy) involved in widespread soil slips on 5 April 2013; specifically, maps of factors of safety related to this event were derived assuming that X-SLIP had run 72 h, 48 h, 24 h and 12 h in advance. The results indicated that the predictions with forecasts (depending on the forecast quality) are as accurate as the ones derived with rainfall recordings only (benchmark). Moreover, the proposed method provides a reduced number of false alarms when no landslide was reported to occur in the whole area. X-SLIP with rain forecasts can, therefore, represent an important tool to predict the occurrence of future soil slips at a regional scale.