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Journal articles on the topic 'Sliced cylinder'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 29 January 2023

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1

Foster, M. R., and P. A. Davies. "Rotating flow past a sliced cylinder." Physics of Fluids 8, no. 1 (January 1996): 131–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.868821.

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2

Ezzedine El Dandachy, Mohamad, Matthieu Briffaut, Stefano Dal Pont, and Frederic Dufour. "Induced Anisotropic Gas Permeability of Concrete due to Coupled Effect of Drying and Temperature." Key Engineering Materials 711 (September 2016): 871–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.711.871.

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An experimental campaign is carried out to study the effect of drying shrinkage and temperature on multi-directional gas permeability of dry concrete. Thermal loadings up to 250°C are applied on concrete samples in cylinder (11×22) and dog-bone forms (total length of 61 cm). Samples are sliced for permeability measurements. Permeabilities in longitudinal and radial directions are addressed. The cylinder samples are first sliced then dried or heated whilst the dog-bone samples are first dried or heated then sliced. The average of initial intrinsic permeability for the slices (5 cm height, 11 cm diameter) obtained from the (11×22) samples is found isotropic and equal to 2.93×10-17 m2. In this case, drying shrinkage is isotropic. Furthermore, it is shown that for the dog-bone samples, drying shrinkage may induce micro-cracks preferentially in a certain direction which induces permeability anisotropy. Finally, the evolution of the normalized intrinsic permeability with respect to initial permeability versus temperature is found isotropic. An exponential fitting of intrinsic permeability versus temperature is found based on experimental measurements.
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3

Van De Konijnenberg, J. A., V. Naulin, J. Juul Rasmussen, B. Stenum, and G. J. F. Van Heijst. "Linear spin-up in a sliced cylinder." Geophysical & Astrophysical Fluid Dynamics 92, no. 1-2 (July 2000): 85–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03091920008203712.

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4

Quarrels, Jesse R., and Steven E. Newman. "775 PB 383 A LEACHING FRAME FOR DETERMINING MEDIA RETENTION OF DRENCH-APPLIED PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS." HortScience 29, no. 5 (May 1994): 544a—544. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.29.5.544a.

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A leaching frame was constructed to detect residual plant growth regulators in media. The table was 0.9 × 1.8 m and designed to hold 40 10-cm diameter by 30-cm PVC cylinders. Each cylinder was cut lengthwise in half and resealed with duct tape. Rooted cuttings of `Freedom' poinsettias were planted into each cylinder using two media combinations: 2 vermiculite: 2 peat moss: 1 pine bark and 2 vermiculite: 1 peat moss: 2 pine bark (by volume). Four growth regulator treatments were applied to the medium two weeks after transplanting: control, 0.25 mg paclobutrazol, 0.25 mg uniconazole, and 0.125 mg paclobutrazol applied as spike. After plant growth was recorded, the cylinders were removed and sliced lengthwise. Snapdragon plugs were then transplanted into the medium along the length of the cylinder to determine if any residual paclobutrazol remained. Paclobutrazol and uniconazole reduced stem length. The presence of pine bark in the media reduced the effect of the plant growth regulators.
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5

Zulauf, Michael, John E. Hart, Robert Leben, and Michael Mundt. "Local instability in a periodically forced sliced cylinder." Dynamics of Atmospheres and Oceans 25, no. 2 (November 1996): 87–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0377-0265(96)00476-9.

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6

Munro, R. J., and M. R. Foster. "Stratified spin-up in a sliced, square cylinder." Physics of Fluids 26, no. 2 (February 2014): 026603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4864266.

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7

Becker, Anne, and Michael A. Page. "Flow separation and unsteadiness in a rotating sliced cylinder." Geophysical & Astrophysical Fluid Dynamics 55, no. 2 (December 1990): 89–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03091929008203557.

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8

Polzin, K. A., M. Angelats I. Coll, and M. R. Foster. "Rotating flow past a short, sliced cylinder at finite Rossby number." Geophysical & Astrophysical Fluid Dynamics 95, no. 1-2 (July 2001): 67–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03091920108203415.

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9

Triyogi, Y., D. Suprayogi, and E. Spirda. "Reducing the drag on a circular cylinder by upstream installation of an I-type bluff body as passive control." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 223, no. 10 (June 5, 2009): 2291–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/09544062jmes1543.

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The bluff body cut from a small circular cylinder that is cut at both sides parallel to the y-axis was used as passive control to reduce the drag of a larger circular cylinder. The small bluff body cut is called an I-type bluff body, which interacts with a larger one downstream. I-type bluff bodies with different cutting angles of θs = 0°(circular), 10°, 20°, 30°, 45°, 53°, and 65° were located in front and at the line axis of the circular cylinder at a spacing S/ d = 1.375, where their cutting surfaces are perpendicular to the free stream velocity vector. The tandem arrangement was tested in a subsonic wind tunnel at a Reynolds number (based on the diameter d of the circular cylinder and free stream velocity) of Re = 5.3×104. The results show that installing the bluff bodies (circular or sliced) as a passive control in front of the large circular cylinder effectively reduces the drag of the large cylinder. The passive control with cutting angle θs = 65° gives the highest drag reduction on the large circular cylinder situated downstream. It gives about 0.52 times the drag of a single cylinder.
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10

GRIFFITHS, ROSS W., and ANDREW E. KISS. "Flow regimes in a wide ‘sliced-cylinder’ model of homogeneous beta-plane circulation." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 399 (November 25, 1999): 205–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112099006370.

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We report new experiments with the ‘sliced-cylinder’ β-plane model of Pedlosky & Greenspan (1967) and Beardsley (1969), but with a much wider basin such that the western boundary current and its eddies occupy a small fraction of the basin width. These experiments provide new insights into nonlinear aspects of the flow: the critical conditions for boundary current separation and the transition from stable to unstable flow are redefined, and a further transition from periodic to chaotic eddy shedding under strong anticyclonic forcing is also found. In the nonlinear regimes the western boundary current separates from the western wall and shoots into the interior as a narrow jet that undergoes a rapid adjustment to join with the broad slow interior flow. In the unstable regimes this adjustment involves eddy shedding. Each transition occurs at a fixed critical value of a Reynolds number Reγ based on the velocity and width scales for a purely viscous boundary current: the flow is unstable for Reγ > 123±4 and aperiodic for Reγ > 231±5. The results provide evidence that the mechanism causing instability is shear in the separated jet rather than the breaking of a large-amplitude Rossby wave. A quasi-geostrophic numerical model applied to the laboratory conditions yields a stability boundary and detailed characteristics of the flow largely consistent with those determined from the experiments. It also reveals a strong dependence of the circulation pattern on basin aspect ratio, and shows that an adverse higher-order pressure gradient is responsible for western boundary current separation in this model. Eddy–eddy interactions and feedback of fluctuations from the eddy formation region to upstream parts of the boundary current contribute to aperiodic behaviour. As a result of eddy shedding, passive tracer from each streamline in the boundary current can be stirred across much of the width of the basin.
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11

Munro, R. J., and M. R. Foster. "The spin-up of a linearly stratified fluid in a sliced, circular cylinder." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 806 (September 30, 2016): 254–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2016.589.

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A linearly stratified fluid contained in a circular cylinder with a linearly sloped base, whose axis is aligned with the rotation axis, is spun-up from a rotation rate $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FA}-\unicode[STIX]{x0394}\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FA}$ to $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FA}$ (with $\unicode[STIX]{x0394}\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FA}\ll \unicode[STIX]{x1D6FA}$) by Rossby waves propagating across the container. Experimental results presented here, however, show that if the Burger number $S$ is not small, then that spin-up looks quite different from that reported by Pedlosky & Greenspan (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 27, 1967, pp. 291–304) for $S=0$. That is particularly so if the Burger number is large, since the Rossby waves are then confined to a region of height $S^{-1/2}$ above the sloped base. Axial vortices, ubiquitous features even at tiny Rossby numbers of spin-up in containers with vertical corners (see van Heijst et al.Phys. Fluids A, vol. 2, 1990, pp. 150–159 and Munro & Foster Phys. Fluids, vol. 26, 2014, 026603, for example), are less prominent here, forming at locations that are not obvious a priori, but in the ‘western half’ of the container only, and confined to the bottom $S^{-1/2}$ region. Both decay rates from friction at top and bottom walls and the propagation speed of the waves are found to increase with $S$ as well. An asymptotic theory for Rossby numbers that are not too large shows good agreement with many features seen in the experiments. The full frequency spectrum and decay rates for these waves are discussed, again for large $S$, and vertical vortices are found to occur only for Rossby numbers comparable to $E^{1/2}$, where $E$ is the Ekman number. Symmetry anomalies in the observations are determined by analysis to be due to second-order corrections to the lower-wall boundary condition.
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12

VERNET, A., G. A. KOPP, J. A. FERRÉ, and FRANCESC GIRALT. "Three-dimensional structure and momentum transfer in a turbulent cylinder wake." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 394 (September 10, 1999): 303–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112099005807.

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Simultaneous velocity and temperature measurements were made with rakes of sensors that sliced a slightly heated turbulent wake in the spanwise direction, at different lateral positions 150 diameters downstream of the cylinder. A pattern recognition analysis of hotter-to-colder transitions was performed on temperature data measured at the mean velocity half-width. The velocity data from the different ‘slices’ was then conditionally averaged based on the identified temperature events. This procedure yielded the topology of the average three-dimensional large-scale structure which was visualized with iso-surfaces of negative values of the second eigenvector of [S2+Ω2]. The results indicate that the average structure of the velocity fluctuations (using a triple decomposition of the velocity field) is found to be a shear-aligned ring-shaped vortex. This vortex ring has strong outward lateral velocities in its symmetry plane which are like Grant's mixing jets. The mixing jet region extends outside the ring-like vortex and is bounded by two foci separated in the spanwise direction and an upstream saddle point. The two foci correspond to what has been previously identified in the literature as the double rollers.The ring vortex extracts energy from the mean flow by stretching in the mixing jet region just upstream of the ring boundary. The production of the small-scale (incoherent) turbulence by the coherent field and one-component energy dissipation rate occur just downstream of the saddle point within the mixing jet region. Incoherent turbulence energy is extracted from the mean flow just outside the mixing jet region, but within the core of the structure. These processes are highly three-dimensional with a spanwise extent equal to the mean velocity half-width.When a double decomposition is used, the coherent structure is found to be a tube-shaped vortex with a spanwise extent of about 2.5l0. The double roller motions are integral to this vortex in spite of its shape. Spatial averages of the coherent velocity field indicate that the mixing jet region causes a deficit of mean streamwise momentum, while the region outside the foci of the double rollers has a relatively small excess of streamwise momentum.
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13

Saffarpour, Mahshid, Marjan Rahmani, Mohammadreza Tahriri, and Amir Peymani. "Antimicrobial and bond strength properties of a dental adhesive containing zinc oxide nanoparticles." Brazilian Journal of Oral Sciences 15, no. 1 (October 13, 2016): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.20396/bjos.v15i1.8647127.

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Aim: To assess the effect of adding zinc oxide nanoparticles to dental adhesives on their anti-microbial and bond strength properties. Methods: 45 human premolars were cut at the cement enamel junction (CEJ) and the crowns were sliced into buccal and lingual halves. The specimens were classified into three groups, etched with 37% phosphoric acid for 15 s and rinsed for 30 s. Single Bond, Single Bond+5% zinc oxide and Single Bond+10% zinc oxide were used in the first, second and third groups. A cylinder of Z250 composite was bonded and cured for 40 s. For anti-bacterial testing, 10 samples of each group were assessed by direct contact test; 10 μL of bacterial suspension was transferred into tubes containing adhesives and incubated for one hour; 300 μL of brain heart infusion (BHI) broth was added to each tube and after 12 h, 50 μL of bacteria and broth were spread on blood agar plates and incubated for 24 h. Results: The colony count decreased significantly in the second and third groups compared to the first. Conclusions: Incorporation of zinc oxide nanoparticles into dental adhesives increases their anti-microbial properties without affecting their bond strength.
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14

Huang, Bin, and Wenjun Xie. "High-Performance Computing of 3D Printing Processing Accuracy considering Cylindrical Coordinate Slicing Algorithm." Mobile Information Systems 2022 (June 1, 2022): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/4765507.

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In view of the problems of low printing efficiency and low accuracy of 3D printers currently developed in the domestic market, based on fused deposition modeling technology, this paper constructs a processing data model with a cylindrical coordinate data structure by 3D printing and processing models according to the cylindrical coordinate slicing rules. The data model can be used to search in adjacent cylinders to obtain the cylindrical coordinate information of the printing model and use the depth-first traversal method of the slicing model to establish a cylindrical coordinate slicing function. Aiming at the problem of “pointcut” of the model cylinder in cylindrical coordinate slice, a high-performance calculation method of machining accuracy based on the cylindrical coordinate slice algorithm is proposed. This algorithm is used to perform 3D printing processing through high-performance computing of cylindrical coordinate slices. After obtaining the intersection points obtained according to the order of the cylindrical coordinate slices of the model, through the automatic generation of the section profile corresponding to the printed model in OpenGL software, the profile direction of the model section can be determined according to the first cylindrical coordinate slice data generated by cutting each contour. The software and hardware of the 3D printer control system are designed, and the actual model printing test is conducted at the same time. By debugging and testing each module of software and hardware, the system is guaranteed to run stably under scientific and reasonable design. Finally, the experimental analysis results show that the algorithm proposed in this paper can effectively reduce the topology time required for cylindrical coordinate slicing, and the operation is simple, stable, and reliable.
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15

Thakur, A., X. Liu, and J. S. Marshall. "Wake Flow of Single and Multiple Yawed Cylinders." Journal of Fluids Engineering 126, no. 5 (September 1, 2004): 861–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1792276.

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An experimental and computational study is performed of the wake flow behind a single yawed cylinder and a pair of parallel yawed cylinders placed in tandem. The experiments are performed for a yawed cylinder and a pair of yawed cylinders towed in a tank. Laser-induced fluorescence is used for flow visualization and particle-image velocimetry is used for quantitative velocity and vorticity measurement. Computations are performed using a second-order accurate block-structured finite-volume method with periodic boundary conditions along the cylinder axis. Results are applied to assess the applicability of a quasi-two-dimensional approximation, which assumes that the flow field is the same for any slice of the flow over the cylinder cross section. For a single cylinder, it is found that the cylinder wake vortices approach a quasi-two-dimensional state away from the cylinder upstream end for all cases examined (in which the cylinder yaw angle covers the range 0⩽ϕ⩽60°). Within the upstream region, the vortex orientation is found to be influenced by the tank side-wall boundary condition relative to the cylinder. For the case of two parallel yawed cylinders, vortices shed from the upstream cylinder are found to remain nearly quasi-two-dimensional as they are advected back and reach within about a cylinder diameter from the face of the downstream cylinder. As the vortices advect closer to the cylinder, the vortex cores become highly deformed and wrap around the downstream cylinder face. Three-dimensional perturbations of the upstream vortices are amplified as the vortices impact upon the downstream cylinder, such that during the final stages of vortex impact the quasi-two-dimensional nature of the flow breaks down and the vorticity field for the impacting vortices acquire significant three-dimensional perturbations. Quasi-two-dimensional and fully three-dimensional computational results are compared to assess the accuracy of the quasi-two-dimensional approximation in prediction of drag and lift coefficients of the cylinders.
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16

Shegelski, MRA, M. Reid, and R. Niebergall. "The motion of rotating cylinders sliding on pebbled ice." Canadian Journal of Physics 77, no. 11 (February 18, 2000): 847–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/p99-074.

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We consider the motion of a cylinder with the same mass and sizeas a curling rock, but with a very different contact geometry.Whereas the contact area of a curling rock is a thin annulus havinga radius of 6.25 cm and width of about 4 mm, the contact area of the cylinderinvestigated takes the form of several linear segments regularly spacedaround the outer edge of the cylinder, directed radially outward from the center,with length 2 cm and width 4 mm. We consider the motion of this cylinderas it rotates and slides over ice having the nature of the ice surfaceused in the sport of curling. We have previously presented a physicalmodel that accounts for the motion of curling rocks; we extend this modelto explain the motion of the cylinder under investigation. In particular,we focus on slow rotation, i.e., the rotational speed of the contact areasof the cylinder about the center of mass is small compared to thetranslational speed of the center of mass.The principal features of the model are (i) that the kineticfriction induces melting of the ice, with the consequence that thereexists a thin film of liquid water lying between the contact areasof the cylinder and the ice; (ii) that the radial segmentsdrag some of the thin liquid film around the cylinder as it rotates,with the consequence that the relative velocity between the cylinderand the thin liquid film is significantly different than the relativevelocity between the cylinder and the underlying solid ice surface.Since it is the former relative velocity that dictates the nature of themotion of the cylinder, our model predicts, and observations confirm, thatsuch a slowly rotating cylinder stops rotating well before translationalmotion ceases. This is in sharp contrast to the usual case of most slowlyrotating cylinders, where both rotational and translational motion ceaseat the same instant. We have verified this prediction of our model bycareful comparison to the actual motion of a cylinder having a contactarea as described.PACS Nos.: 46.00, 01.80+b
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17

Ding, Juchun, Ting Si, Mojun Chen, Zhigang Zhai, Xiyun Lu, and Xisheng Luo. "On the interaction of a planar shock with a three-dimensional light gas cylinder." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 828 (September 4, 2017): 289–317. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2017.528.

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Experimental and numerical investigations on the interaction of a planar shock wave with two-dimensional (2-D) and three-dimensional (3-D) light gas cylinders are performed. The effects of initial interface curvature on flow morphology, wave pattern, vorticity distribution and interface movement are emphasized. In experiments, a wire-restriction method based on the soap film technique is employed to generate N$_{2}$ cylinders surrounded by SF$_{6}$ with well-characterized shapes, including a convex cylinder, a concave cylinder with a minimum-surface feature and a 2-D cylinder. The high-speed schlieren pictures demonstrate that fewer disturbance waves exist in the flow field and the evolving interfaces develop in a more symmetrical way relative to previous studies. By combining the high-order weighted essentially non-oscillatory construction with the double-flux scheme, numerical simulation is conducted to explore the detailed 3-D flow structures. It is indicated that the shape and the size of 3-D gas cylinders in different planes along the vertical direction change gradually due to the existence of both horizontal and vertical velocities of the flow. At very early stages, pressure oscillations in the vicinity of evolving interfaces induced by complex waves contribute much to the deformation of the 3-D gas cylinders. As time proceeds, the development of the shocked volume would be dominated by the baroclinic vorticity deposited on the interface. In comparison with the 2-D case, the oppositely (or identically) signed principal curvatures of the concave (or convex) SF$_{6}$/N$_{2}$ boundary cause complex high pressure zones and additional vorticity deposition, and the upstream interface from the symmetric slice of the concave (or convex) N$_{2}$ cylinder moves with an inhibition (or a promotion). Finally, a generalized 3-D theoretical model is proposed for predicting the upstream interface movements of different gas cylinders and the present experimental and numerical findings are well predicted.
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18

Tao, Mengling, Fuxian Yang, Zhengming Tang, Jianbo He, and Yinhong Liao. "Periodical metal cylinders for improving heating uniformity of small batch materials in microwave applicators with rotating turntables." European Physical Journal Applied Physics 83, no. 3 (September 2018): 30901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjap/2018180054.

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Microwave applicators with rotating turntables have been widely applied in many fields, but the heating non-uniformity still limits the further applications. Specifically, when microwave applicators are used to process small batch materials, materials have to be away from the center of rotating turntables, where the problem of heating non-uniformity is more prominent. In order to overcome this difficulty, this paper presents a novel periodical metal cylinder structure to improve the heating uniformity for microwave applicators. With the proposed periodical metal cylinders being placed beneath rotating turntables, electromagnetic fields can be well adjusted, thus improving the heating uniformity. To demonstrate the heating uniformity with the proposed structure, the heating process of the arrays of two and three potato slices in a practical microwave applicator is simulated by the finite element method, respectively. The results show that both the heating uniformity of the two and three potato slices can be improved, which is validated by experiments. Furthermore, the results show that the temperature similarity among the processed potato slices with the proposed structure is better than that without the proposed structure.
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19

Mustaffa, Mohammad Taufiq, and Hidetoshi Ohuchi. "Repeated Positioning of a Pneumatic Cylinder with Enhancing Use of Proximity Switches." International Journal of Automation Technology 6, no. 5 (September 5, 2012): 662–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2012.p0662.

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This paper introduces a technique employing repeated intermediate positionings, which are controlled by sequential on-off actions of solenoid valves, of a pneumatic cylinder. The motion of the piston slider is detected by several proximity switches instead of sophisticated position sensors, which are commonly used in motion control. The designed control system is constructed without a feedback control loop; it operates with only minimal information from the switch signals. We study the precision performance, under various loading conditions, of a pneumatic cylinder enhanced by the use of proximity switches. The repeatability of the system is experimentally found to be on the order of 0.2 mm. This technique will greatly extend the field of application of pneumatic cylinders on automated production lines.
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20

Zoghi, M., M. S. Hefzy, K. C. Fu, and W. T. Jackson. "A Three-Dimensional Morphometrical Study of the Distal Human Femur." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine 206, no. 3 (September 1992): 147–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/pime_proc_1992_206_282_02.

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The objective of this paper is to present a method to describe the three-dimensional variations of the geometry of the three portions forming the distal part of the human femur: the medial and lateral femoral condyles and the intercondylar fossa. The contours of equally spaced sagittal slices were digitized on the distal femur to determine its surface topography. Data collection was performed using a digitizer system which utilizes low-frequency, magnetic field technology to determine the position and orientation of a magnetic field sensor in relation to a specified reference frame. The generalized reduced gradient optimization method was used to reconstruct the profile of each slice utilizing two primitives: straight-line segments and circular arcs. The profile of each slice within the medial femoral condyle was reconstructed using two circular arcs: posterior and distal. The profile of each slice within the lateral femoral condyle was reconstructed using three circular arcs: posterior, distal and anterior. Finally, the profile of each slice within the intercondylar fossa was reconstructed using two circular arcs: proximal-posterior and anterior, and a distal-posterior straight-line segment tangent to the proximal-posterior circular arc. Combining the data describing the profiles of the different slices forming the distal femur, the posterior portions of each of the medial and lateral femoral condyles were modelled using parts of spheres having an average radius of 20 mm. The anterior portion of the lateral condyle was approximated to a right cylinder having its circular base parallel to the sagittal plane with an average radius of 26 mm. The anterior portion of the intercondylar fossa was modelled using an oblique cylinder having its circular base parallel to the sagittal plane with an average radius of 22 mm. Furthermore, it is suggested that the distal portion of the lateral femoral condyle could be modelled using parts of two oblique cones while the distal portion of the medial femoral condyle could be modelled using a part of a single oblique cone, all cones having their circular bases parallel to the sagittal plane. It is also suggested that the posterior portion of the intercondylar fossa could be modelled using two oblique cones: a proximal cone having its base parallel to the sagittal plane and a distal cone having its base parallel to the frontal plane.
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21

Cardoso, Bruno Trindade, Semíramis Rabelo Ramalho Ramos, Ricardo Elesbão A. lves, Carlos Alberto da Silva Ledo, Antonina dos Santos, and Hister Maria Matias dos Santos. "A simple and fast sampling method for assessing chemical and nutritional characteristics of pumpkins." Horticultura Brasileira 38, no. 3 (September 2020): 261–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-053620200304.

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ABSTRACT In the chemical and nutritional analyses of pumpkin, the size of bulk sample recommended by the method of reference, makes the process time consuming and difficult to execute. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate different sampling methods to indicate the most suitable one to replace reference method to determine the levels of total carotenoids, total soluble solids, and moisture in pumpkin. A completely randomized design was used with four treatments and 18 replications. The proposed methods consisted basically in changing the way of taking bulk samples from the fruits: cylinders method, quartile method, and the slice method. Samples obtained by proposed methods were analyzed for moisture content, total carotenoids and total soluble solids. Results obtained by each proposed method were compared against the method of reference. Cylinders method showed the best results and was the easiest to be carried out, consuming only about 1/10 of the time required in relation to the method of reference. The cylinder method was rapid, efficient, reliable and exhibited the greatest suitability for replacing the reference method.
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22

Blatnický, Miroslav, and Ján Dižo. "Design of a prototype of an engine mechanism with rotating cylinders." MATEC Web of Conferences 318 (2020): 01004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202031801004.

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In this article, authors focus on the design and construction of a real prototype of an engine mechanism with rotating cylinders and its using mainly in piston combustion engines. It is assumed, that the normal force of a piston will be completely eliminated, because the swing angle of a connecting rod will equal to zero during the whole working cycle, since the connecting arm of the piston moves just the cylinder axis. It will by allowed by the conceptual design of the mechanism presented in this article. As rotating blocks of cylinders concurrently act as a flywheel, it is proposed, that in this way there is possible to save the mass of additional flywheels. Moreover, liquid cooling system is not necessary, because the rotating cylinders sufficiently transfer heat to ambient air. In addition, the output of torque will be reached without necessity of gear transmission, which results to decreasing of needs of mechanism lubrication. Other advance of the designed mechanism are two outputs. The first output is low-speed and it goes out from rotating cylinders, i. e. from the slider-crank mechanism with revolutions n1. The other output is high-speed, from the crankshaft with revolutions n2. Because of more favourable properties of the mechanism, authors have decided to create a real device to confirm all mentioned advantages of the mechanism by the suitable way.
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23

Bao, C. Y., P. Li, Yan Fei Tan, Y. Cao, X. Y. Ling, Chun Lin Deng, Xu Dong Li, W. C. Chen, Hong Song Fan, and Xing Dong Zhang. "Experimental Study on the Osteoinduction of Calcium Phosphate Biomaterials In Vivo and the Capability of Supporting Osteoblast Proliferation In Vitro." Key Engineering Materials 284-286 (April 2005): 293–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.284-286.293.

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The purpose of this study was to evaluate the response of osteoblasts to the calcium phosphate with different surface modification, and to evaluate the osteoinductive capabilities of these biomaterials. 60HA/40α-TCP ceramics sintered at 1250oC was applied in this study. The ceramic cylinder with F5mm×8mm and slice with F10mm×1mm were prepared respectively. One thirds of the ceramics were formed bone-like apatite (BLA), and the surface of another one thirds was modified with collagen. Osteoblasts (1×106/ml) were co-cultured with the three kinds of thin slices for 12h, 24h and 48h. SEM observation was applied to evaluate if the surface modification and BLA formation could affect the attachment and proliferation of osteoblast in vitro. The three kinds of cylinder samples were implanted in dog muscle to evaluate their differences in osteoinduction. Cells grew in multi-layers and well attached to the surface and proliferated well in the group of collagen and HA/TCP. In untreated and BLA precipitated group, cells did not attach to the surface well. Osteoinduction was good in BLA precipitated group and the amount of bone formed was higher; in untreated group and collagen-treated group, no bone formation was observed in the tested period. This result indicated that the scaffold used in cell-materials composites in vitro and that in osteoinductive material based tissue engineering in vivo was not same.
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Bao, C. Y., P. Li, Yan Fei Tan, Y. Cao, Xiao Yan Lin, Chun Lin Deng, Xu Dong Li, et al. "Experimental Study on the Osteoinduction of Calcium Phosphate Biomaterials In Vivo and the Capability of Supporting Osteoblast Proliferation In Vitro." Key Engineering Materials 288-289 (June 2005): 281–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.288-289.281.

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The purpose of this study was to evaluate the response of osteoblasts to calcium phosphate with different surface modification, and to evaluate the osteoinductive capabilities of these biomaterials. 60HA/40α-TCP ceramics sintered at 1250oC was applied in this study. A ceramic cylinder with F5mm×8mm and slice with F10mm×1mm were prepared respectively. One third of the ceramics was used to form bone-like apatite (BLA), and the surface of another one third was modified with collagen. Osteoblasts (1×106/ml) were co-cultured with the three kinds of thin slices for 12h, 24h and 48h. SEM observation was applied to evaluate whether the surface modification and BLA formation could affect the attachment and proliferation of osteoblast in vitro. The three kinds of cylinder samples were implanted in dog muscle to evaluate their differences in osteoinduction. Cells grew in multi-layers and attached to the surface and proliferated well in the collagen and HA/TCP group. In the untreated and BLA precipitated groups, cells did not attach to the surface well. Osteoinduction was good in the BLA precipitated group and the amount of bone formed was higher; in the untreated group and collagen-treated group, no bone formation was observed in the tested period. This result indicated that the scaffold used in cell-materials composites in vitro and that in osteoinductive material based tissue engineering in vivo was not same.
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25

Muntasir, Muntasir, Sigit Purnawan, and Mustakim Syahdan. "Penerapan Alat Peniris Serbaguna Model Silinder Sistem Sentrifuse Untuk Meningkatkan Mutu Dan Higienis Produk Kerupuk Jagung Kelimutu Sikumana Kota Kupang." JATI EMAS (Jurnal Aplikasi Teknik dan Pengabdian Masyarakat) 2, no. 1 (March 27, 2018): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.36339/je.v2i1.110.

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Science for Society in Small Industries of Corn Crackers Kelimutu Sikumana Kota Kupang in the form ofapplication of slicer has been implemented, one of the problems in the production of Kelimutu corn cracker is still a lot ofoil in frying product which only drained on simple sieve and placed some time above cardboard that can cause loweringquality and low hygiene, so it is necessary to do the reduction of frying oil products corn chips cracker. In order toincrease the added value and selling value of the product, it is necessary to synergy between Universities and Partners inthe form of science and technology for the community. The main constituent component of a slicer is a cylinder plate as abucket of a slicer, a cylinder slicer, an electric dynamo as a centrifuge system rotating motor and a load-bearingconstruction. The method of this program is the provision of materials, design and manufacture of tools, demonstrationtools and the provision of a versatile cylinder system centrifuge model by team, tool simulation, special counseling atpartner sites and suggestions as follow-up in production endurance. The output of this program can give the added valueof production increase from 20 kg-30 kg of raw material to 40 kg - 50 kg, corn raw material after cooking, dried, fried,processed and packed into 60 - 100 packs per 500 g with price Rp . 15,000.00 per pack. Or equivalent Rp. 900,000.00 to Rp1,500,000.00 per production in the form of cash and consumptions, and non-greasy, clean, hybrid corn chip crackers
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26

Tang, Zhong, Yaoming Li, and Cheng Cheng. "Development of multi-functional combine harvester with grain harvesting and straw baling." Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research 15, no. 1 (April 20, 2017): e0202. http://dx.doi.org/10.5424/sjar/2017151-10175.

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The decomposition and burning of straw results in serious environmental pollution, and research is needed to improve strategies for straw collection to reduce pollution. This work presents an integrated design of multi-functional rice combine harvester that allows grain harvesting and straw baling. This multi-functional combine harvester could reduce the energy consumption required for rice harvesting and simplify the process of harvesting and baling. The transmission schematic, matching parameters and the rotation speed of threshing cylinder and square baler were designed and checked. Then the evaluation of grain threshing and straw baling were tested on a transverse threshing cylinders device tes rig and straw square bales compression test rig. The test results indicated that, with a feeding rate of 3.0 kg/s, the remaining straw flow rate at the discharge outlet was only 1.22 kg/s, which indicates a variable mass threshing process by the transverse threshing cylinder. Then the optimal diameter, length and rotating speed of multi-functional combine harvester transverse threshing cylinder were 554 mm, 1590 mm, and 850 r/min, respectively. The straw bale compression rotating speed of crank compression slider and piston was 95 r/min. Field trials by the multi-functional combine harvester formed bales with height×width×length of 40×50×54-63 cm, bale mass of 22.5 to 26.0 kg and bale density 206 to 216 kg/m3. This multi-functional combine harvester could be used for stem crops (such as rice, wheat and soybean) grain harvesting and straw square baling, which could reduce labor cost and power consumption.
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27

N. PHAM, Pha, Kazuhisa ITO, and Shigeru IKEO. "Energy Saving for Water Hydraulic Pushing Cylinder in Meat Slicer." JFPS International Journal of Fluid Power System 10, no. 2 (2017): 24–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5739/jfpsij.10.24.

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28

Jamil, Abdullah, Masri B. Baharom, and Abd Rashid B. Abd Aziz. "In-Cylinder Cold-Flow Analysis - ‘A Comparison of Crank-Slider Engine and Crank-Rocker Engine’." Journal Européen des Systèmes Automatisés​ 55, no. 2 (April 30, 2022): 229–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/jesa.550210.

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Researchers and engineers are continuously working to improve the overall efficiency of internal combustion engines by modifying the engine designs and configurations. As new engine designs are introduced, the in-cylinder flow behaviour becomes more and more complex. The maximum output and efficiency that can be achieved from a single cylinder engine depends upon the amount of air entrapped in the combustion chamber during intake stroke. A novel crank-rocker (C-R) engine was designed and fabricated in Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS (UTP), Malaysia and is currently under optimization phase. This paper narrates the in-cylinder cold-flow analysis of the C-R engine considering widely used industrial automotive software, Converge CFD. The turbulent behaviour of the C-R engine was compared with that of the conventional crank-slider engine. The initial and boundary conditions for the C-R engine simulations were set according to the benchmarked crank-slider engine. RNG k-ε turbulence model was used to generate the data plots for tumble & swirl ratios, cylinder pressure, TKE, turbulent dynamic viscosity and vorticity at cold-flow conditions. It was observed that the C-R engine has better air scavenging properties and can achieve better air-fuel mixing that can lead to emission-free combustion. This study will help in understanding the turbulent airflow behaviour within the curved cylinder under the influence of rocking piston motion, and its advantageous flow properties compared to those in crank-slider engines.
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29

Kohn, V. G. "Transmission of an X-ray beam through a two-dimensional photonic crystal and the Talbot effect." Journal of Synchrotron Radiation 25, no. 2 (February 15, 2018): 425–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600577517018495.

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Results of computer simulations of the transmission of an X-ray beam through a two-dimensional photonic crystal as well as the propagation of an X-ray beam in free space behind the photonic crystal are reported. The photonic crystal consists of a square lattice of silicon cylinders of diameter 0.5 µm. The amount of matter in the path of the X-ray beam rapidly decreases at the sides of the cylinder projections. Therefore the transmission is localized near the boundaries, and appears like a channeling effect. The iterative method of computer simulations is applied. This method is similar to the multi-slice method that is widely used in electron microscopy. It allows a solution to be obtained with acceptable accuracy. A peculiarity in the intensity distribution inside the Talbot periodzTin free space was found when the intensity is approximately equal to the initial value at a distance 0.46zT, and it is shifted by half a period at distance 0.5zT. The reason for this effect is the existence of a periodic phase of the wavefunction of radiation inside the intensity peaks. Simulations with zero phase do not show this effect. Symmetry rules for the Talbot effect are discussed.
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30

Radan, M. "The Cylinder Agar Slice Technique for Isolation of surface Microorganisms." Zentralblatt für Veterinärmedizin Reihe B 21, no. 8 (May 13, 2010): 638–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0450.1974.tb00539.x.

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31

Pang, C. H., and M. G. Scanlon. "Mechanical properties of the parenchyma of potato (Solanum tuberosum cv. Russet Burbank)." Canadian Journal of Botany 74, no. 6 (June 1, 1996): 859–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b96-107.

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The mechanical properties of plant materials and plant structures influence the form, function, distribution, and utilization of plants. The shear and compressive stiffnesses of different regions of potato parenchyma were measured to more fully characterize the mechanical properties of this important storage organ. Measurements were performed on tubers that had been stored for 1 and 10 months. Slices and cylinders of parenchyma were excised from the centre of the tubers in three directions (and slices from the outer portion in two directions). Slices were subjected to small-strain oscillatory shear at frequencies of 0.02, 0.2, and 2 Hz. Cylinders were subjected to three cycles of uniaxial compression at 2 and 20 cm∙min−1. The coefficient of variation of measured parameters ranged on average from 16 to 44% for both crops and both tests. At small strains, potato parenchyma behaved essentially as an elastic material. The results from both small-strain oscillatory shear and uniaxial compression suggested that potato parenchyma is anisotropic in nature. Slices from the outer and inner regions of the tuber had different shear stiffness values. The shear stiffness of tubers stored for 1 month was approximately 70% greater than those stored for 10 months. Repeated compressive loading of potato parenchyma cylinders ameliorated the differences in stiffness and energy absorption between short- and long-term stored tubers, attributable to movement of fluids from the cells during compression. The observations emphasize the complexity of potato tissue and how its mechanical properties change during storage. Keywords: shear, compression, energy absorption, stiffness, turgor, storage, anisotropicity.
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32

Yin, Zhao Lei, Zhe Wang, Hui Cong Li, Jun Deng, and Tong Zhang. "Research on the Starting Characteristics of the Linear Engine System Using the Eccentric-Slider Starting System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 300-301 (February 2013): 269–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.300-301.269.

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A unique linear engine system is designed independently using eccentric-slider starting system which has been simulated and optimized. Based on the linear engine prototype, the no-load experiment and normal starting experiment are conducted in order to validate the practicality of the eccentric-slider starting system and research the starting characteristics of the linear engine system. The results show that the linear engine can operate smoothly with the starting system under the control logic based on piston displacement and engine frequency. Meanwhile the top cylinder pressure is 1.0MPa in compression process and the engine speed increase continuously with the peak combustion cylinder pressure above 2.0MPa in the normal starting experiment.
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33

Cheng, Weili, and lain Finnie. "The Single Slice Method for Measurement of Axisymmetric Residual Stresses in Solid Rods or Hollow Cylinders in the Region of Plane Strain." Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology 120, no. 2 (April 1, 1998): 170–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2807007.

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A new method is presented for the measurement of axisymmetric residual stresses in a solid rod or hollow cylinder in the region which is in a state of plane strain. The experimental procedure involves, first, making a complete transverse cut, normal to the axis of the part in the region which is initially in plane strain. Next, a number of strain gages are mounted on one of the faces produced by the first cut. A second transverse cut, parallel to the first, is then made to remove a thin slice containing the strain gages. It is shown that the change in strain gage readings due to removal of the slice may be used to deduce the axial stress in plane strain at the location of the first cut. The hoop stresses in the thin slice, which is in a state of plane stress, are readily obtained from the “crack compliance” procedure which we have described in earlier work. From this information and the initial axial stress in plane strain it is shown that the initial hoop and radial stresses in plane strain may be determined. The method is validated by obtaining the stresses in a water quenched rod which are shown to be in excellent agreement with those measured using a different experimental approach. Since the method does not require the measurement to be carried out on the original rod or cylinder, it allows the original residual stresses to be measured from a fractured shaft by making a slice near the plane of the fracture if the fracture is dominated by elastic deformation.
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34

Li, Qing, Lin Li, Jing Cai Li, and Yu Guo. "The Application of Slice Method in Cutting Simulation." Applied Mechanics and Materials 37-38 (November 2010): 1397–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.37-38.1397.

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In order to solve the problems existing in geometric simulation of cutting process, slice segmentation method was presented in this paper. The instantaneous shape of roughcasts which are cut can be represented by the characteristics set that can be obtained through proper slice of machined parts and the intersection calculation of cutter and machined parts. By using this method, the accurate result of intersection calculation can be accurate and be gotten rapidly. Besides, because this method is based on visual C++ and OpenGL, it can be isolated from the commercial software. The method is proved to be feasible by the cutting simulation example of cylinder gears and bevel gears.
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35

Sun, D. C. "A Subroutine Package for Solving Slider Lubrication Problems." Journal of Tribology 112, no. 1 (January 1, 1990): 84–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2920235.

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The paper presents a subroutine package that solves the inverse problem of slider lubrication considering such features as finite bearing width, squeeze action, and starvation. The underlying analysis and computational algorithm are described. A representative example of piston ring and cylinder bore contact is used to demonstrate the use of the subroutine package.
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36

Guo, Y., DS Liu, LP Huang, M. Jiang, and YP Jin. "Dynamics of disc storing mechanism with joint clearance driven by hydraulic cylinder." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 229, no. 18 (February 2, 2015): 3484–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406215570699.

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Disc storing mechanism driven by hydraulic cylinder is the key component to ensure the deep sea coring. However, clearance is inevitable for assembly in joint of mechanism lead to poor operational characteristics. To ensure design and working reliability, disc storing mechanism driven by hydraulic cylinder for benthic drill with clearance is analyzed from a dynamic view. With piston rod be equivalent to slider, engaging lugs at end of cylinder to revolute joint and contact impact model deal with clearance, the dynamic model of disc storing mechanism driving by piston rod is present. The simulation model for the mechanism with clearance driven by cylinder using Simulink is established and analysis of dynamics is investigated. The simulation results for the case with and without clearance are evaluated under different driving conditions for motion characteristics and driving force. The effect of clearance to disc storing mechanism driven by hydraulic cylinder is found. These supply a lead for moving parameters choosing and a theory basis for key parts designing of the mechanism.
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37

Lee, Gil Jun, Suk Hwan Chi, Jay Kim, and Tae Soo Lee. "Miniature Air Compressor Design Based on Cross-Slider Mechanism." Key Engineering Materials 486 (July 2011): 17–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.486.17.

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Most of the current air compressors are driven by a slider-crank mechanism consisted of the crank, connecting rod, and piston. Complexity of this mechanism, however, restricts miniaturization of air compressors. In this study, a design based on a new mechanism, a hybrid of cross-slider and scotch-yoke mechanism, is adopted to develop an oil-free, light-weighted air compressor for portable medical devices. By eliminating the connecting rod, the mechanism has several advantages in addition to the obvious weight reduction due to the simpler mechanism such as the longer seal life of the seal between the piston and cylinder (so called Teflon cup) and reduced shaking forces. Cylinder pressure time history is obtained based on the ideal gas behavior and the isentropic process. Shaking forces and motor torque are calculated from the dynamics equation of the air compressor. The flow capacity curve of the air compressor is obtained by considering the effect of the clearance volume. An actual prototype was fabricated and tested to demonstrate the feasibility of proposed concepts.
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38

Cohen, Ariel, Richard D. Haracz, and Leonard D. Cohen. "Light scattering from a sliced target through use of the internal field of infinite cylinders: comparison between Mie theory and a sliced sphere." Applied Optics 33, no. 9 (March 20, 1994): 1776. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.33.001776.

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39

Furuse, Adilson Yoshio, Cassiana Koch Scotti, Alfredo Llerena-Icochea, Juliana Fraga Soares Bombonatti, Gisele Aihara Haragushiku, and Carla Castiglia Gonzaga. "Influence of light activation of simplified adhesives on the shear bond strength of resin cements to a leucite-reinforced ceramic." European Journal of Dentistry 12, no. 01 (January 2018): 003–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/ejd.ejd_307_17.

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ABSTRACT Objective This study aims to evaluate the influence of the light activation of simplified adhesives on the shear bond strength of resin cements to a glass-ceramic. Three factors were evaluated: (1) cement in two levels (light cured and dual cured); (2) adhesive in two levels (Single Bond 2 and Single Bond Universal), and (3) light activation in two levels (yes or no). Materials and Methods Thirty-two 1-mm thick slices of a leucite-reinforced glass-ceramic (IPS Empress CAD) were divided into eight groups according to adhesive (Single Bond 2 or Single Bond Universal), cement (AllCem Veneer or AllCem), and light activation of the adhesive before application of the cement (yes or no). Ceramic surfaces were etched for 60 s with 5% hydrofluoric acid, and adhesives were applied. Four cement cylinders were made over each ceramic slice (n = 16) and then submitted to shear bond strength tests. Statistical Analysis Data were analyzed with three-way ANOVA and Tukey (⍺ = 0.05). Results: There were significant differences between adhesives (P < 0.0001) and no differences between cements (P = 0.0763) and light activation (P = 0.4385). No interaction effect occurred (P = 0.05). Single Bond 2 showed higher bond strength than Single Bond Universal. Conclusions: The light activation of the adhesive before the application of the resin cement did not influence the bond strength.
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40

Smith, J. E., A. D. McKisic, R. Craven, and J. Prucz. "Three-Dimensional Balancing of the Stiller-Smith Mechanism for Application to an Eight-Cylinder IC Engine." Journal of Mechanisms, Transmissions, and Automation in Design 111, no. 4 (December 1, 1989): 459–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3259021.

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The Stiller-Smith Mechanism employs a double cross-slider to convert linear reciprocating motion into rotational motion. It has previously been shown that a four-cylinder configuration utilizing this motion conversion device can be balanced in two dimensions. The inherent planar nature of this mechanism makes it possible to produce a compact, eight-cylinder configuration for use as an internal combustion engine which is balanced in three dimensions. This paper develops and presents the necessary requirements for such a balanced engine. Relative merits of various configurations are discussed and analytical results of different balancing schemes are presented.
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41

Grabiner, Judith V. "A mathematician among the molasses barrels: Maclaurin's unpublished memoir on volumes Introduction: Maclaurin's memoir and its place in eighteenth-century Scotland." Proceedings of the Edinburgh Mathematical Society 39, no. 2 (June 1996): 193–240. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0013091500022963.

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Suppose we are given a solid of revolution generated by a conic section. Slice out a frustum of the solid [14, diagrams pp. 77, 80]. Then, construct a cylinder, with the same height as the frustum, whose diameter coincides with the diameter of the frustum at the midpoint of its height. What is the difference between the volume of the frustum and the volume of this cylinder? Does this difference depend on where in the solid the frustum is taken?The beautiful theorems which answer these questions first appear in a 1735 manuscript by Colin Maclaurin (1698–1746). This manuscript [14], the only original mathematical work by Maclaurin not previously printed, is published here for the first time, with the permission of the Trustees of the National Library of Scotland. (An almost identical copy [15] exists in the Edinburgh University Library.) In this work, Maclaurin proved that the difference between the cylinder constructed as above and the frustum of the given solid depends only on the height of the frustum, not the position of the frustum in the solid. When the solid is a cone, Maclaurin showed that its frustum exceeds the corresponding cylinder by one fourth the volume of a similar cone with the same height. For a sphere, the cylinder exceeds the frustum by one half the volume of the sphere whose diameter is equal to the height of the frustum; this holds, he observed, for all spheres. He derived analogous results for the ellipsoid and hyperboloid of revolution. Finally, for the paraboloid of revolution, he proved that the cylinder is precisely equal to the frustum.
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42

FERRARIO, M., V. FUSCO, M. MIGLIORATI, and L. PALUMBO. "EMITTANCE DEGRADATION DUE TO WAKE FIELDS IN A HIGH BRIGHTNESS PHOTOINJECTOR." International Journal of Modern Physics A 22, no. 23 (September 20, 2007): 4214–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x07037779.

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Wake fields effects in addition to space charge forces may have an important impact during the emittance compensation process in a high brightness photo-injector. To study this effect we developed an upgraded version of the Homdyn code including off axis beam dynamics and wake fields. Homdyn describes a bunch as a uniformly charged cylinder, divided in cylindrical slices; in the upgraded version each slice's centroid can be transversally displaced from the nominal axis thus inducing wake fields. When the bunch is short as compared to the beam pipe radius, wake fields for a single cavity are calculated using methods of diffraction theory; instead we use, for a periodic collection of cavities, an asymptotic wake field obtained numerically at SLAC and then fitted to a simple function. As a first application we studied and verified a correction scheme for the SPARC photo-injector to control the bunch trajectory and angle at the entrance of the undulator. The correction scheme consists of a number of steering magnets and beam position monitors placed along the photo-injector. Two different steering approaches are analyzed and the emittance degradation is studied. The code demonstrates the steering positions and number do correct the bunch's orbit and angle and gives good results concerning the emittance degradation. The emittance and energy spread degradation due to wake fields in the emittance meter experiment is also discussed.
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43

Zainudin, Mohd Farid, Abu Bakar Rosli, Gan Leong Ming, Tanti Zanariah Shamshir Ali, and Billy Anak Sup. "Design and Stress Simulation of Crankshaft for Slider-Crank Drive Stirling Engine." Applied Mechanics and Materials 699 (November 2014): 678–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.699.678.

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In this present work, the design and simulation of crankshaft for multi-cylinder Stirling engine is studied based on finite element analysis. The proposed crankshaft design is based on the typical crosshead slider-crank mechanism that is being used with the consideration of design needs for multi-cylinder Stirling engine. The study focused on the piston-crankshaft assembly that is subjected to compression load in Stirling cycle. Based on the simulation results, the maximum von Mises stress for crankshaft model varies from 0.82 MPa at 1 bar charge pressure to 1.65 MPa at 20 bar charge pressure. Minimum factor of safety is founded to be 33 with maximum deformation under maximum charge pressure. For piston-crankshaft assembly load, minimum factor safety of 2 was observed with maximum compression pressure for minimum charge pressure. The results indicate no yielding and structural failure under compression load case, can be satisfied.
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44

Liu, H. Q., N. G. Chalhoub, and N. Henein. "Simulation of a Single Cylinder Diesel Engine Under Cold Start Conditions Using Simulink." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 123, no. 1 (February 23, 2000): 117–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1290148.

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A nonlinear dynamic model is developed in this study to simulate the overall performance of a naturally aspirated, single cylinder, four-stroke, direct injection diesel engine under cold start and fully warmed-up conditions. The model considers the filling and emptying processes of the cylinder, blowby, intake, and exhaust manifolds. A single zone combustion model is implemented and the heat transfer in the cylinder, intake, and exhaust manifolds are accounted for. Moreover, the derivations include the dynamics of the crank-slider mechanism and employ an empirical model to estimate the instantaneous frictional losses in different engine components. The formulation is coded in modular form whereby each module, which represents a single process in the engine, is introduced as a single block in an overall Simulink engine model. The numerical accuracy of the Simulink model is verified by comparing its results to those generated by integrating the engine formulation using IMSL stiff integration routines. The engine model is validated by the close match between the predicted and measured cylinder gas pressure and engine instantaneous speed under motoring, steady-state, and transient cold start operating conditions.
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45

Ravichettu, Sindhu, G. Amba Prasad Rao, and K. Madhu Murthy. "Thermodynamic Modeling of Single Cylinder Direct Injection Compression Ignition Engine in Simulink." Applied Mechanics and Materials 813-814 (November 2015): 866–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.813-814.866.

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The aim of this research is to develop a mathematical model of a compression ignition engine using cylinder-by-cylinder model approach to predict the performances; indicated work, indicated torque, in-cylinder pressures and temperatures and heat release rates. The method used in the study is based on ideal diesel cycle and is modified by the numerical formulations which affect the performance of the engine. The model consists of a set of tuning parameters such as engine geometries, EGR fractions, boost pressures, injection timings, air/fuel ratio, etc. It is developed in Simulink environment to promote modularity. A single-zone combustion model is developed and implemented for the combustion process which accounts for ignition delay, heat release. Derivations from slider-crank mechanism are involved to compute the instantaneous volume, area and stroke at any given crank angle. The results of the simulation model have been validated with experimental results with a close match between them.
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46

Kuzmin, A. O., S. M. Stazhkov, N. V. Tarasova, and P. I. Valikov. "Fractional step method in problems of hydromechanical processes in piston-cylinder unit of axial piston swash plate hydraulic machines." Journal of «Almaz – Antey» Air and Space Defence Corporation, no. 4 (December 30, 2019): 60–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.38013/2542-0542-2019-4-60-66.

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Having analyzed the piston-cylinder unit kinematics, we obtained an equation for the clearance height in the piston-cylinder unit for the case of low speeds, the equation being the basis for Reynolds equation for the lubricant layer of the piston mechanism. By a numerical experiment using the fractional step method, we built a pressure field for two different cases of the piston mechanism kinematics, and compared the bearing capacity of the hydrodynamic force. It was revealed analytically and with the help of a numerical experiment that when the piston rolls in the edges of the guide bushing, the total hydrodynamic force significantly exceeds the force created when the piston slides in the bushing.
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47

Ao, Hong Rui, Deng Pan, and Hong Yuan Jiang. "Simulation of Contact Behavior of the Thin Film of Hard Disk at Head/Disk Interface." Advanced Materials Research 287-290 (July 2011): 2339–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.287-290.2339.

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The contact at head/disk interface in hard disk drives subject to an external shock has been studied using the finite element method. A rigid cylinder moving over a two-layered thin film was implemented to simulate the contact between the recording slider and the disk. The effects of different friction coefficients on the von Mises stress of two-layered thin film were investigated. The relation between pressed depth and width of deformation has been obtained. Results show that the amplitude decreases with increase of friction coefficient while the period of slider motion is diminution. In addition, the stress distribution fits Hertzian contact theory.
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48

Zaborowski, Tadeusz, and Ryszard Ochenduszko. "Grinding burns in the technological surface of the gear teeth of the cylindrical gears." Mechanik 90, no. 10 (October 9, 2017): 882–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.17814/mechanik.2017.10.135.

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The article presents the results of research on the grinding of the technological grinding of the tooth surface of toothed wheel cylinders. The toothed teeth with straight teeth, modules m = 2÷6 mm, bore width b = 26÷94 mm, number of teeth with z = 12÷48 made of 40H and 12H2N4A steel with a hardness of 60 HRC. For grinding, T1Q grinding wheel has the following parameters: D = 350 mm, H = 25 mm, δ = 140°, grains 99A, grain size 60, hardness H, structure 5, binder V. The results of tests show the dependence of grinding scales on the parameters used machining and thickness of the sliced layer and this means the heat effects in the cutting zone.
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49

Yin, Bi Feng, Jiang Guang He, Yi Xu, and Yong Qiang Li. "The Novel Design of Full-Balancing Mechanism for Single-Cylinder Diesel Engine." Applied Mechanics and Materials 37-38 (November 2010): 1520–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.37-38.1520.

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One new sliding-block balancing mechanism is proposed for the single-cylinder diesel engine. In the new mechanism, the sliding block is installed against the engine piston. The reciprocation trajectory of sliding block is collinear with the piston trajectory, while sliding block and piston move in the opposite direction, just like two opposite crank connecting rods. The new mechanism includes the crankshaft, connecting rod ring, the slider and the guide components. Through the bearing, connecting rod is installed in the eccentric journal of the crankshaft. The circular connecting rod is in the accurate guiding surface of the slider; and the guide pins are in the guide groove. Guide rod connects with supporting shaft through the guide hole of the slide. The optimized parameters for the sliding block show that the ratio of eccentric distance of the eccentric journal to the length of the connecting rod is equal to the ratio of crank radius to connecting rod length. The appropriate results can balance both the centrifugal inertia force and the reciprocating inertia force generated by piston group. Even the complete balance of the first and second-order reciprocating inertia forces can be obtained, which can reduce the vibration and noise of diesel engine.
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50

Smith, J. E., and A. D. McKisic. "Stiller—Smith versus Conventional V-8 Bearing Load and Friction Comparisons." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 203, no. 4 (October 1989): 231–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/pime_proc_1989_203_173_02.

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The Scotch yoke in its various forms and inversions has received considerable attention as a possible alternative to the slider-crank for internal combustion engine use. As a recent entry, the Stiller-Smith mechanism has shown promise as being a viable and strong option. Kinetostatic models were formulated to determine loading within similar eight-cylinder, four-stroke, compression-ignition engines. Emphasis was placed on comparing the number and similarity of mechanism components, implications of component and linkage motions, and the severity of loading experienced by similar bearing surfaces within the engines. It was found that journal bearings in the slider-crank engine were more severely loaded than those in the Stiller-Smith engine. The linear reciprocating bearings in the Stiller-Smith engine were more heavily loaded than the slider-crank piston skirts. Implications of these and other results are discussed.
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