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Journal articles on the topic 'SLI'

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Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 18 May 2024

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1

Sari, Dyah Puspita, Ranti Novia, and J. Juniarti. "EVALUASI KESESUAIAN LAHAN UNTUK TANAMAN MANGGIS DAN POTENSI PENGEMBANGANNYA DI KECAMATAN PAUH KOTA PADANG." Jurnal Tanah dan Sumberdaya Lahan 8, no. 2 (June 1, 2021): 317–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/ub.jtsl.2021.008.2.2.

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Pauh District was chosen as mangosteen plantation development centre in Padang City. This development should be based on the land suitability so that the mangosteen plant are able to grow according to the climate and soil conditions. This research was conducted in Pauh District, Padang City and Soil Science Laboratory Andalas University. This study used a survey method that consisted of preparation, pre-survey, the main surveiy, laboratory analysis, and data processing. Evaluation of land suitability was done with matching method which compare the characteristics of land suitability for mangosteen growth. The results of research showed that land suitability for mangosteen was classified into S3 (marginally suitable) with subclass S3nr for land unit SL1, SL2, SL3, SL4, SL7, SL8, SL9, SL11, SL15; subclass S3eh for land unit SL14; subclass S3nr,eh for land unit SL5 and SL10. Land unit SL6, SL12, SL13, and SL16 were classified into S2 (moderately suitable) with subclass S2wa,nr for land unit SL6 and SL16; subclass S2wa,rc,nr,eh for land unit SL12; subclass S2wa,rc,nr for land unit SL13. The limiting factors was common to each land unit were nutrient retention (nr) and erosion (eh). There are 3 villages (Lambung Bukit, Limau Manis, and South Limau Manis) in Pauh District which have the greatest potential to be developed as mangosteen plantation development areas with total area was 5,862.42 ha.
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2

Maestro-Prieto, José A., and M. Aránzazu Simon-Hurtado. "SLI." ACM Inroads 4, no. 2 (June 2013): 53–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2465085.2465101.

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3

Hayiou-Thomas, Marianna E., Dorothy V. M. Bishop, and Kim Plunkett. "Simulating SLI." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 47, no. 6 (December 2004): 1347–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/1092-4388(2004/101).

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4

MacWhinney, Brian. "Dissecting SLI." Developmental Review 19, no. 3 (September 1999): 415–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/drev.1998.0479.

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5

Furey, Matthew J., Neil J. White, and Gurpreet S. Dhaliwal. "Scapholunate Ligament Injury and the Effect of Scaphoid Lengthening." Journal of Wrist Surgery 09, no. 01 (December 20, 2019): 076–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-3401014.

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Abstract Objective We hypothesized that lengthening the scaphoid in a model of scapholunate ligament injury (SLI) will result in correction of radiographic markers of dorsal intercalated segment instability (DISI) deformity. Materials and Methods An SLI with DISI deformity was created by sectioning the SL ligament, the palmar radiocarpal ligaments, and scapho-trapezio-trapezoid ligaments of a cadaveric upper extremity (n = 5). The wrist was radiographed in both anteroposterior and lateral planes to confirm creation of SLI and DISI. The scaphoid was then osteotomized at its waist. A series of grafts (1–8 mm) were then placed at the osteotomy site. Radiographs were completed at each length. The main outcome measures were scapholunate interval (SL, mm), scapholunate angle (SLA, degrees), and radiolunate angle (RLA, degrees). These values, measured following the insertion of varying graft lengths, were compared with baseline measurements taken “post-injury” status. Results The ability to create an SLI with DISI was confirmed in the postinjury group with a statistically significant change in RLA, SLA, and SL compared with preinjury. With osteotomy and progressive insertion of spacers, the values improved into the accepted normal ranges for RLA (6 mm) and SLA (4 mm) with scaphoid lengthening. Conclusions In this cadaveric model of SL injury, radiographic markers of DISI were returned to within normal ranges with scaphoid osteotomy and lengthening. Clinical Relevance The results of this study add insight into wrist kinematics in our injury model and may represent a potential future direction for surgical treatment of SLI.
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6

&NA;. "Atomoxetine/SLI 381." Reactions Weekly &NA;, no. 1238 (February 2009): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128415-200912380-00020.

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7

Craig, Holly K., and Julia L. Evans. "Pragmatics and SLI." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 36, no. 4 (August 1993): 777–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/jshr.3604.777.

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Selected discourse behaviors of children with specific language impairment (SU) presenting expressive (E:SLI) or combined expressive-receptive deficits (E-R:SLI) were compared to each other and to chronological age-mates and younger mean length of utterance (MLU)-matched children with normal-language skills. The two SLI subgroups varied from each other on specific measures of tum-taking and cohesion. These findings imply the need for future normative work with SLI subgroups differing in receptive skill, and indicate that, in the interim, pragmatic research with this population will need to consider potential effects of receptive language status when interpreting variations in outcomes for discourse-based variables.
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8

Plante, Elena. "Criteria for SLI." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 41, no. 4 (August 1998): 951–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/jslhr.4104.951.

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Since it first appeared, the Stark and Tallal (1981) criteria for the selection of children with specific language impairment (SLI) has had a profound influence on research with this population. A review of the recent literature indicates that these criteria continue to be used, in part or in whole, in current research. However, the recent literature also provides illustrations of the use and interpretations of normreferenced tests that can serve to update current best practices in subject selection. The original criteria for IQ and language test scores, along with their more recent adaptations, are reconsidered in light of current information on the use of tests with SLI.
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9

Wittke, Kacie, and Tammie J. Spaulding. "Which Preschool Children With Specific Language Impairment Receive Language Intervention?" Language, Speech, and Hearing Services in Schools 49, no. 1 (January 9, 2018): 59–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2017_lshss-17-0024.

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Purpose Potential biases in service provision for preschool children with specific language impairment (SLI) were explored. Method In Study 1, children with SLI receiving treatment (SLI-T) and those with SLI not receiving treatment (SLI-NT) were compared on demographic characteristics and developmental abilities. Study 2 recruited children with articulation disorders receiving treatment (ARTIC-T) to determine if knowing service provision status influenced the results of Study 1. Results In Study 1, the SLI-T group was rated by teachers as having poorer executive functioning than children in the SLIT-NT group, and the SLI-T group also came from families whose mothers had more education. These 2 variables alone predicted SLI-T and SLI-NT group membership with 84% accuracy. In Study 2, the ARTIC-T group were perceived as having comparable executive functioning to the SLI-NT group and better than the SLI-T group, indicating that teachers' knowledge of service provision did not influence their ratings of children's executive functioning. Discussion Preschool children with SLI, whose mothers have higher education levels and whose teachers perceive them as having poorer executive functioning, are more likely to receive intervention. Recognizing service delivery biases is critical for improving early provision of intervention for this population.
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10

PARADIS, JOHANNE, RUITING JIA, and ANTTI ARPPE. "The acquisition of tense morphology over time by English second language children with specific language impairment: Testing the cumulative effects hypothesis." Applied Psycholinguistics 38, no. 4 (January 19, 2017): 881–908. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0142716416000485.

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ABSTRACTThe cumulative effects hypothesis (CEH) claims that bilingual development would be a challenge for children with specific language impairment (SLI). To date, research on second language (L2) children with SLI has been limited mainly to their early years of L2 exposure; however, examining the long-term outcomes of L2 children with SLI is essential for testing the CEH. Accordingly, the present study examined production and grammaticality judgments of English tense morphology from matched groups of L2 children with SLI and L2 children with typical development (TD) for 3 years, from ages 8 to 10 with 4–6 years of exposure to English. This study found that the longitudinal acquisition profile of the L2 children with SLI and TD was similar to the acquisition profile reported for monolinguals with SLI and TD. Furthermore, L2-SLI children's accuracy with tense morphology was similar to that of their monolingual age peers with SLI at the end of the study, and exceeded that of younger monolingual peers with SLI whose age matched the L2 children's length of exposure to English. These findings are not consistent with the CEH, but instead show that morphological acquisition parallel to monolinguals with SLI is possible for L2 children with SLI.
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Catts, Hugh W., Suzanne M. Adlof, Tiffany P. Hogan, and Susan Ellis Weismer. "Are Specific Language Impairment and Dyslexia Distinct Disorders?" Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 48, no. 6 (December 2005): 1378–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/1092-4388(2005/096).

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Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine whether specific language impairment (SLI) and dyslexia are distinct developmental disorders. Method: Study 1 investigated the overlap between SLI identified in kindergarten and dyslexia identified in 2nd, 4th, or 8th grades in a representative sample of 527 children. Study 2 examined phonological processing in a subsample of participants, including 21 children with dyslexia only, 43 children with SLI only, 18 children with SLI and dyslexia, and 165 children with typical language/reading development. Measures of phonological awareness and nonword repetition were considered. Results: Study 1 showed limited but statistically significant overlap between SLI and dyslexia. Study 2 found that children with dyslexia or a combination of dyslexia and SLI performed significantly less well on measures of phonological processing than did children with SLI only and those with typical development. Children with SLI only showed only mild deficits in phonological processing compared with typical children. Conclusions: These results support the view that SLI and dyslexia are distinct but potentially comorbid developmental language disorders. A deficit in phonological processing is closely associated with dyslexia but not with SLI when it occurs in the absence of dyslexia.
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12

TSIMPLI, IANTHI MARIA, ELENI PERISTERI, and MARIA ANDREOU. "Narrative production in monolingual and bilingual children with specific language impairment." Applied Psycholinguistics 37, no. 1 (December 9, 2015): 195–216. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0142716415000478.

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ABSTRACTThe aim of this study was to identify potential clinical markers of specific language impairment (SLI) in bilingual children with SLI by using the Greek version of the Multilingual Assessment Instrument for Narratives. Twenty-one Greek-speaking monolingual and 15 bilingual children with SLI participated, along with monolingual (N = 21) and bilingual (N = 15) age-matched children with typical development. Results showed differences between typically development children and children with SLI in microstructure, while bilingual children with SLI were found to attain similar levels of performance, and even to outperform monolingual children with SLI, in macrostructure. It is suggested that the retelling coding scheme could permit differential diagnosis of SLI among bilingual children within the scope of narrative assessment.
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13

Robertson, Shari Brand, and Susan Ellis Weismer. "The Influence of Peer Models on the Play Scripts of Children With Specific Language Impairment." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 40, no. 1 (February 1997): 49–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/jslhr.4001.49.

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This investigation included two phases of inquiry that examined the effects of peer modeling upon the play scripts of children with specific language impairment (SLI). The first study employed a pretest-posttest control group design involving two groups of children with SLI (10 who participated in the experimental treatment and 10 controls) and a group of peer models (10 children with normal language development). The treatment involved dyadic play sessions in which children with SLI were paired with a normal language peer model. Significant differences were found between the play script reports of the experimental (SLI-E) and control groups (SLI-C) of children with specific language impairment. The second study, utilizing single-case methodology, involved 6 children with SLI who participated in the control group of Study 1, plus 2 peer models. Play dyads consisted of either two children with SLI or one child with SLI and a normal language peer. Results of this study provided support for the contention that play interactions with normal language peers facilitates increases in the play-script reports of children with SLI.
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Laloi, Aude, Jan de Jong, and Anne Baker. "Can executive functioning contribute to the diagnosis of SLI in bilingual children?" Linguistic Approaches to Bilingualism 7, no. 3-4 (March 7, 2017): 431–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lab.15020.lal.

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Abstract Language tests often fail to diagnose specific language impairment (SLI) in bilinguals due to the confounding impact of SLI and bilingualism on language. The present study focuses on the contribution of executive functioning to the diagnosis of SLI in bilinguals. Performance of monolingual and bilingual children with and without SLI on a task tapping response inhibition was assessed. Results revealed a negative effect of SLI but no effect of bilingualism. The diagnostic accuracy of the task was also estimated. Sensitivity and specificity were low, suggesting that response inhibition could not be considered as a reliable clinical marker of SLI. Although the results at the group level showed that children with SLI seemed more at risk than their typically-developing peers for a deficit in response inhibition, our results on diagnostic accuracy challenge the hypothesis of a relationship between deficits in language and deficits in inhibition in children with SLI.
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15

Et.al, Y. H. Ch’ng. "Psychology Software Tool (PST) For Specific Language Impairment Person." Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education (TURCOMAT) 12, no. 3 (April 11, 2021): 1969–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/turcomat.v12i3.1032.

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Specific Language Impairment (SLI) is a disorder categorized by the inability of an individual to master spoken and written language, despite the absence of any apparent handicapping conditions. Many tools have been developed to diagnose or treat SLI, but these tools are largely made up of standalone components which must be utilized separately to obtain sufficient data for the diagnosis and treatment of SLI. Furthermore, some of these components are either very expensive or not widely available. As a result, therapists have faced many inconveniences when trying to treat individuals suffering from SLI. Hence, the development of an integrated, cost-effective Psychology Software Tool (PST) to diagnose and treat SLI is being developed as a solution to counter the inconveniences currently faced by SLI therapists. As a tool by SLI therapists to diagnose and treat SLI within children, the Psychology Software Tool offers standardized questionnaires with a special method to diagnose SLI will be presented in both text and audio, while a webcam will be used to deduce the amount of focus which is given by the patient to comprehend a particular element displayed on the screen. The diagnosis shall take into account the accuracy of answers provided within the questionnaires, the time taken to provide those answers and the aforementioned degree of focus. In terms of SLI treatment, the tool will also provide music therapy for SLI patients to work towards better speech production and comprehension. In short, PST will simplify and enhance the process of diagnosing and treating SLI patients.
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Hansson, Kristina, and Ulrika Nettelbladt. "Grammatical Characteristics of Swedish Children With SLI." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 38, no. 3 (June 1995): 589–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/jshr.3803.589.

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Spontaneous speech samples from 10 Swedish children were collected and analyzed grammatically. The subjects consisted of 5 children with SLI and 5 MLU matched controls with normal grammatical development. The children with SLI differed significantly from the controls in their more restricted usage of word order patterns and in number of grammatical errors. As in studies on English-speaking children with SLI, the Swedish children with SLI had a large number of omissions of grammatical morphemes. Verb-related errors were more common than noun-related errors. Contrary to reports on children with SLI acquiring other languages, however, word order errors were also very common in the Swedish children with SLI. A restricted usage of word order patterns in combination with errors of word order indicates that not only morphological deficits but also syntactic difficulties can be found in children with SLI relative to MLU controls, depending on the target language. The findings show the importance of cross-linguistic comparisons of children with SLI.
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Bruce, Barbro, Kristina Hansson, and Ulrika Nettelbladt. "Assertiveness, responsiveness, and reciprocity in verbal interaction: Dialogues between children with SLI and peers with typical language development." First Language 30, no. 3-4 (August 2010): 493–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0142723710370523.

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The present study examined assertiveness and responsiveness in two different conversational contexts: children with specific language impairment (SLI) interacting with an age-matched peer with typical language development (TLD) and children with SLI interacting with a language-matched peer with TLD.The dialogues where the 10 participating children with SLI interacted with an age peer were characterized by a higher degree of responsiveness and coherence.The age peers tended to dominate the interaction with the children with SLI. The dialogues where children with SLI interacted with a language peer were characterized by less responsiveness and less coherence and the child with SLI was likely to be more dominant in the interaction. Thus children with SLI take different roles in verbal interaction depending on how much support the conversational partner can offer.
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Montgomery, James W., Ronald B. Gillam, and Julia L. Evans. "Syntactic Versus Memory Accounts of the Sentence Comprehension Deficits of Specific Language Impairment: Looking Back, Looking Ahead." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 59, no. 6 (December 2016): 1491–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2016_jslhr-l-15-0325.

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Purpose Compared with same-age typically developing peers, school-age children with specific language impairment (SLI) exhibit significant deficits in spoken sentence comprehension. They also demonstrate a range of memory limitations. Whether these 2 deficit areas are related is unclear. The present review article aims to (a) review 2 main theoretical accounts of SLI sentence comprehension and various studies supporting each and (b) offer a new, broader, more integrated memory-based framework to guide future SLI research, as we believe the available evidence favors a memory-based perspective of SLI comprehension limitations. Method We reviewed the literature on the sentence comprehension abilities of English-speaking children with SLI from 2 theoretical perspectives. Results The sentence comprehension limitations of children with SLI appear to be more fully captured by a memory-based perspective than by a syntax-specific deficit perspective. Conclusions Although a memory-based view appears to be the better account of SLI sentence comprehension deficits, this view requires refinement and expansion. Current memory-based perspectives of adult sentence comprehension, with proper modification, offer SLI investigators new, more integrated memory frameworks within which to study and better understand the sentence comprehension abilities of children with SLI.
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Rothweiler, Monika. "The potential of studying specific language impairment in bilinguals for linguistic research on specific language impairment in monolinguals." Applied Psycholinguistics 31, no. 2 (March 11, 2010): 327–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0142716409990506.

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In her Keynote Article, Paradis discusses the role of the interface between bilingual development and specific language impairment (SLI) on two different levels. On the level of theoretical explanations of SLI, Paradis asks how domain general versus domain-specific perspectives on SLI can account for bilingual SLI, as well as what bilingual SLI may contribute to the discussion of these theories. Paradis argues in favor of domain-specific deficits (in addition to well-documented processing deficits in SLI), and especially for the maturational model (Rice, 2004). She argues against a mere processing deficit of input information and against deficits in working memory and processing speed as sole sources of SLI. On the practical level, Paradis focuses on the question of whether and how language tests that have been standardized for monolingual children are valid for the assessment of SLI in bilingual children. Both discussions, on theory and on practice, are based on empirical data from Canadian studies on bilingual children with and without SLI carried out by Johanne Paradis, Martha Crago, and Fred Genesee (e.g., Crago & Paradis, 2003; Paradis, 2007; Paradis, Crago, & Genesee, & Rice, 2003).
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Jongeward, G. D., T. R. Clandinin, and P. W. Sternberg. "sli-1, a negative regulator of let-23-mediated signaling in C. elegans." Genetics 139, no. 4 (April 1, 1995): 1553–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/139.4.1553.

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Abstract By screening for suppressors of hypomorphic mutations of let-23, a receptor tyrosine kinase necessary for vulval induction in Caenorhabditis elegans, we recovered > or = 12 mutations defining the sli-1 (suppressor of lineage defect) locus. sli-1 mutations suppress four of five phenotypes associated with hypomorphic alleles of let-23 but do not suppress let-23 null alleles. Thus, a sli-1 mutation does not bypass the requirement for functional let-23 but rather allows more potent LET-23-dependent signaling. Mutations at the sli-1 locus are otherwise silent with respect to vulval differentiation and cause only a low-penetrance abnormal head phenotype. Mutations at sli-1 also suppress the vulval defects but not other defects associated with mutations of sem-5, whose product likely interacts with LET-23 protein during vulval induction. Mutations at sli-1 suppress lin-2, lin-7 and lin-10 mutations but only partially suppress lin-3 and let-60 mutations and do not suppress a lin-45 mutation. The sli-1 locus displays dosage sensitivity: severe reduction of function alleles of sli-1 are semidominant suppressors; a duplication of the sli-1(+) region enhances the vulvaless phenotype of hypomorphic mutations of let-23. We propose that sli-1 is a negative regulator that acts at or near the LET-23-mediated step of the vulval induction pathway. Our analysis suggests that let-23 can activate distinct signaling pathways in different tissues: one pathway is required for vulval induction; another pathway is involved in hermaphrodite fertility and is not regulated by sli-1.
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21

Windsor, Jennifer, and Mina Hwang. "Testing the Generalized Slowing Hypothesis in Specific Language Impairment." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 42, no. 5 (October 1999): 1205–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/jslhr.4205.1205.

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This study investigated the proposition that children with specific language impairment (SLI) show a generalized slowing of response time (RT) across tasks compared to chronological-age (CA) peers. Three different theoretical models consistent with the hypothesis of generalized slowing—a proportional, linear, and nonlinear model—were examined using regression analyses of group RT data. Each model was an excellent fit with the RT data. The most parsimonious model indicated that the SLI group was proportionally slower than the CA group. Mean RTs of the SLI group were about one fifth slower across tasks than the CA group's mean RTs. Less slowing was evident for a subgroup of young children with expressive SLI than for children with mixed (expressive and receptive) SLI. Although the mean RT data reflected many individual SLI children's RT performance, not all SLI children showed generalized slowing.
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Sanjeevan, Teenu, and Elina Mainela-Arnold. "Procedural Motor Learning in Children With Specific Language Impairment." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 60, no. 11 (November 9, 2017): 3259–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2017_jslhr-l-16-0457.

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Purpose Specific language impairment (SLI) is a developmental disorder that affects language and motor development in the absence of a clear cause. An explanation for these impairments is offered by the procedural deficit hypothesis (PDH), which argues that motor difficulties in SLI are due to deficits in procedural memory. The aim of this study was to test the PDH by examining the procedural motor learning abilities of children with and without SLI. Method Thirteen children with SLI and 14 age-matched typically developing children completed the following procedural measures: (a) a knot-tying task as a measure of motor sequencing and (2) a mirror-drawing task as a measure of visual–motor adaptation. Results Although children with SLI produced significantly more errors on certain knot-tying tasks, they performed comparably on others. Also, children with SLI performed comparably with typically developing children on the mirror-drawing task. Conclusions The PDH requires reframing. The sequence learning deficits in SLI are modest and specific to more difficult tasks. Visual–motor adaptation, on the other hand, appears to be unaffected in SLI.
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Montgomery, James W. "Examination of phonological working memory in specifically language-impaired children." Applied Psycholinguistics 16, no. 4 (1995): 355–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0142716400065991.

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AbstractThe present study examined the phonological memory capacity, rate of articulation, phonological-encoding, and perceptual-processing abilities of 13 well-defined, specifically language-impaired (SLI) children and 13 younger, language-matched normal (NL) children. The results of a nonsense word repetition task showed that SLI children repeated significantly fewer multisyllabic nonsense words than their NL peers. However, SLI and NL children were found to have comparable articulation rates, even when producing the longest nonsense word stimuli. Both SLI and NL children showed sensitivity to the phonological similarity effect, indicating that SLI children had intact phonological-encoding abilities. The results of a nonsense word discrimination task revealed that SLI children had greater difficulty perceptually processing 4-syllable nonsense words. Taken together, these findings were interpreted to be consistent with Gathercole and Baddeley's (1990) claim that SLI children have reduced phonological storage capacity. However, the capacity deficit account may require revision to include the possibility that the phonological storage deficit of some SLI children may have a perceptual basis (i.e., difficulty with processes related to item identification).
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Andersson, Petra, and Helena Forslund. "Developing an indicator framework for measuring sustainable logistics innovation in retail." Measuring Business Excellence 22, no. 1 (March 19, 2018): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mbe-04-2017-0017.

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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to develop an indicator framework for measuring sustainable logistics innovation (SLI) in retail. Design/methodology/approachA literature review in different theory areas was conducted to generate a literature-based SLI indictor framework. The literature-based framework was then compared to five-year sustainability reports of three Swedish retailers to identify SLI indicators and how to measure them. This comparison led to a developed framework. FindingsThe developed framework combines sustainability dimensions with logistics activities. It identifies SLI indicators and how to measure them. Significant gaps between the framework and sustainability reports prompted the creation of an agenda for future research. Items that further research should consider include broadening or deepening the framework, developing specifically social SLI indicators for all logistics activities and developing measurement scales for the SLI indicators. Research limitations/implicationsThe study presents an SLI indicator framework as an initial contribution towards knowledge creation, and following the agenda for further research could generate even more implications for research. Practical implicationsManagers need inspiration concerning which indicators to use to measure SLI and how. Social implicationsThe study addresses both environmental and social sustainability, as well as suggests SLI indicators. Originality/valueNo identified study has merged sustainable logistics innovation and performance measurement in retail.
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Paradis, Johanne, Martha Crago, Fred Genesee, and Mabel Rice. "French-English Bilingual Children With SLI." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 46, no. 1 (February 2003): 113–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/1092-4388(2003/009).

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The goal of this study was to determine whether bilingual children with specific language impairment (SLI) are similar to monolingual age mates with SLI, in each language. Eight French-English bilingual children with SLI were compared to agematched monolingual children with SLI, both English and French speaking, with respect to their use of morphosyntax in language production. Specifically, using the extended optional infinitive (EOI) framework, the authors examined the children’s use of tense-bearing and non-tense-bearing morphemes in obligatory context in spontaneous speech. Analyses revealed that the patterns predicted by the EOI framework were borne out for both the monolingual and bilingual children with SLI: The bilingual and monolingual children with SLI showed greater accuracy with non-tense than with tense morphemes. Furthermore, the bilingual and monolingual children with SLI had similar mean accuracy scores for tense morphemes, indicating that the bilingual children did not exhibit more profound deficits in the use of these grammatical morphemes than their monolingual peers. In sum, the bilingual children with SLI in this study appeared similar to their monolingual peers for the aspects of grammatical morphology examined in each language. These bilingual-monolingual similarities point to the possibility that SLI may not be an impediment to learning two languages, at least in the domain of grammatical morphology.
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Kembaren, Juliana Sari. "EFEKTIVITAS SEKOLAH LAPANG IKLIM STASIUN KLIMATOLOGI DELI SERDANG DALAM MENDUKUNG KETAHANAN PANGAN." METHOMIKA Jurnal Manajemen Informatika dan Komputerisasi Akuntansi 5, no. 2 (October 31, 2021): 155–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.46880/jmika.vol5no2.pp155-161.

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The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of SLI activities on the climate adaptive behavior of farmers to support food security in Deli Serdang Regency. The researcher used a quantitative approach with the correlational method. The population is all farmers of the Paluh Getah II Farmer Group, Tanjung Rejo Village, Percut Sei Tuan District, Deli Serdang Regency. The research sample was 56 respondents using the total sample technique. Data collection techniques were carried out through questionnaires. The results showed that there was an effect of SLI activities in the form of conveying information about climate and weather and their deviations, farming innovation, technology transfer and farming analysis able to change the climate adaptive behavior of SLI farmers at Deli Serdang Climatology Station to reduce the risk of crop failure due to extreme weather so that food security can be realized. This is evidenced by the value of t arithmetic > t table which is 3.144 > 2.586 at a significance level of 0.05.
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Kail, Robert. "A Method for Studying the Generalized Slowing Hypothesis in Children With Specific Language Impairment." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 37, no. 2 (April 1994): 418–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/jshr.3702.418.

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The present work was conducted to demonstrate a method that could be used to assess the hypothesis that children with specific language impairment (SLI) often respond more slowly than unimpaired children on a range of tasks. The data consisted of 22 pairs of mean response times (RTs) obtained from previously published studies; each pair consisted of a mean RT for a group of children with SLI for an experimental condition and the corresponding mean RT for a group of children without SLI. If children with SLI always respond more slowly than unimpaired children and by an amount that does not vary across tasks, then RTs for children with SLI should increase linearly as a function of RTs for age-matched control children without SLI. This result was obtained and is consistent with the view that differences in processing speed between children with and without SLI reflect some general (i.e., non-task specific) component of cognitive processing. Future applications of the method are suggested.
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Buiza, Juan J., María J. Rodríguez-Parra, and José A. Adrián. "Trastorno Específico del Lenguaje: Marcadores psicolingüísticos en semántica y pragmática en niños españoles." Anales de Psicología 31, no. 3 (September 16, 2015): 879. http://dx.doi.org/10.6018/analesps.31.3.180091.

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<p>The aim of this study is to determine which semantics and pragmatics markers best discriminate Spanish-speaking children with Specific Language Impairment (SLI) from children with typical language development. This study analyzes the performance of 31 Spanish-speaking children with SLI on a battery of 9 psycholinguistic tasks. The performance of the SLI children was compared with that of two subgroups of controls: aged-matched (CA) and linguistically matched (CL).</p><p>The data show that the SLI group performed more poorly than the CA subgroup on most of the tasks (8/9). However, the SLI group performance only was significantly worse that of the CL subgroup on one of the tasks. A first Discriminant Analysis SLI vs CA established canonical function with Sensitivity 93,5% and Specificity 87,1%. A second Discriminant Analysis SLI vs CL identified a canonical function with Sensitivity 77,4% and Specificity only 54,8%. One semantic task (Definition of words) and another pragmatic task (Scene language) appear to be the best variables for establishing an SLI profile in this psycholinguistics areas. Discuss the implications of these findings for the clinical diagnosis and speech-language pathology.</p>
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Orgassa, Antje, and Fred Weerman. "Dutch gender in specific language impairment and second language acquisition." Second Language Research 24, no. 3 (July 2008): 333–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0267658308090184.

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In this article we compare five groups of learners acquiring Dutch gender as marked on determiners and adjectival inflection. Groups of L1 (first language) children and L1-SLI (first-language specific-language-impairment) children are compared to three Turkish-Dutch L2 (second language) groups: adult L2, child L2 and child L2-SLI. Overall, our findings show that gender is vulnerable in both SLI and L2 groups. More particularly, they suggest that all child groups basically make the same type of errors and that they all differ from the adult group. It is suggested that any differences between the child learners can best be understood in terms of factors that influence intake (in both SLI and L2) rather than in terms of access to grammatical principles: SLI children have a (major) processing deficit and L2 children have received less input to Dutch, both factors causing poorer intake. That problems with the intake are crucial is further supported by the clear cumulative effect of bilingualism and SLI: the L2-SLI group not only differs from the child L2 controls but also from the Dutch L1-SLI group.
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Saar, Virpi, Sari Levänen, and Erkki Komulainen. "Cognitive Profiles of Finnish Preschool Children With Expressive and Receptive Language Impairment." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 61, no. 2 (February 15, 2018): 386–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2017_jslhr-l-16-0365.

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Purpose The aim of this study was to compare the verbal and nonverbal cognitive profiles of children with specific language impairment (SLI) with problems predominantly in expressive (SLI-E) or receptive (SLI-R) language skills. These diagnostic subgroups have not been compared before in psychological studies. Method Participants were preschool-age Finnish-speaking children with SLI diagnosed by a multidisciplinary team. Cognitive profile differences between the diagnostic subgroups and the relationship between verbal and nonverbal reasoning skills were evaluated. Results Performance was worse for the SLI-R subgroup than for the SLI-E subgroup not only in verbal reasoning and short-term memory but also in nonverbal reasoning, and several nonverbal subtests correlated significantly with the composite verbal index. However, weaknesses and strengths in the cognitive profiles of the subgroups were parallel. Conclusions Poor verbal comprehension and reasoning skills seem to be associated with lower nonverbal performance in children with SLI. Performance index (Performance Intelligence Quotient) may not always represent the intact nonverbal capacity assumed in SLI diagnostics, and a broader assessment is recommended when a child fails any of the compulsory Performance Intelligence Quotient subtests. Differences between the SLI subgroups appear quantitative rather than qualitative, in line with the new Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM V) classification (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
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31

Sanjeevan, Teenu, David A. Rosenbaum, and Elina Mainela-Arnold. "Planning Deficits in Children With Specific Language Impairment Are Reflected in Unnecessarily Awkward Grasps." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 61, no. 4 (April 17, 2018): 887–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2017_jslhr-l-17-0246.

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Purpose Specific language impairment (SLI) affects many children, but its symptomatology is still being characterized. An emerging view, which challenges the notion that SLI is specific to language, is that SLI may actually reflect a domain-general deficit in procedural learning. We explored an extension of this hypothesis that a core deficit in SLI involves a domain-general problem in planning. Method We used a dowel-transport task to study the extent to which 13 children with SLI and 14 typically developing (TD) controls (ages over both groups between 8;10 [years;months] and 12;11) would adopt initially awkward grasps that ensured comfortable final grasps when reaching out to move a dowel from 1 position to another (the end-state comfort effect). We predicted that children with SLI would be less likely to use end-state comfort grasps than would TD children. Results Contrary to our prediction, when awkward grasps were needed to ensure comfortable final grasps, participants with SLI showed the end-state comfort effect as often as the TD children did. Unexpectedly, however, in trials where awkward grasps were not needed for comfortable final grasps, the participants with SLI used more awkward grasps than did the TD participants after trials in which initial awkward grasps were needed. Conclusion We suggest that this perseverative behavior is indicative of a domain-general problem in planning in SLI.
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32

Meir, Natalia. "Effects of Specific Language Impairment (SLI) and bilingualism on verbal short-term memory." Linguistic Approaches to Bilingualism 7, no. 3-4 (February 2, 2017): 301–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lab.15033.mei.

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Abstract The current study assessed independent and combined effects of SLI and bilingualism on tasks tapping into verbal short-term memory (vSTM) with varying linguistic load in two languages (Russian and Hebrew). The study explored the extent to which the presence of SLI is related to limited vSTM storage and bilingualism is associated with reduced vocabulary size. A total of 190 monolingual and bilingual children aged 5;5–6;8 participated in the current study: 108 sequential Russian-Hebrew bilinguals (18 with SLI), 48 Hebrew monolinguals (13 with SLI) and 34 Russian monolinguals (14 with SLI). Children performed three repetition tasks: forward-digit span (FWD), non-word repetition (NWR) and sentence repetition (SRep); bilingual children were tested in both of their languages. Results indicated a negative effect of SLI on all experimental tasks tapping into vSTM. The effect of SLI rose as a function of increased linguistic load. Regarding bilingualism, no effect was found on the measure of vSTM with the lowest linguistic load (FWD), while its effect was robust once the linguistic load was increased (SRep). The results reported in this study bring evidence that lower performance on measures of vSTM in children with SLI and bilingual children stem from different sources. Although, children with SLI have limitations of vSTM, deficient vSTM cannot fully account for the linguistic difficulties observed in children with SLI. As for bilingualism, it does not affect verbal storage when the linguistic load is minimal, while poor performance in bilingual children on tasks with greater linguistic load is attributed to smaller vocabulary sizes.
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Yoon, Charles H., Chieh Chang, Neil A. Hopper, Giovanni M. Lesa, and Paul W. Sternberg. "Requirements of Multiple Domains of SLI-1, aCaenorhabditis elegansHomologue of c-Cbl, and an Inhibitory Tyrosine in LET-23 in Regulating Vulval Differentiation." Molecular Biology of the Cell 11, no. 11 (November 2000): 4019–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.11.11.4019.

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SLI-1, a Caenorhabditis elegans homologue of the proto-oncogene product c-Cbl, is a negative regulator of LET-23-mediated vulval differentiation. Lack of SLI-1 activity can compensate for decreased function of the LET-23 epidermal growth factor receptor, the SEM-5 adaptor, but not the LET-60 RAS, suggesting that SLI-1 acts before RAS activation. SLI-1 and c-Cbl comprise an N-terminal region (termed SLI-1:N/Cbl-N, containing a four-helix bundle, an EF hand calcium-binding domain, and a divergent SH2 domain) followed by a RING finger domain and a proline-rich C-terminus. In a transgenic functional assay, the proline-rich C-terminal domain is not essential for sli-1(+) function. A protein lacking the SH2 and RING finger domains has no activity, but a chimeric protein with the SH2 and RING finger domains of SLI-1 replaced by the equivalent domains of c-Cbl has activity. The RING finger domain of c-Cbl has been shown recently to enhance ubiquitination of active RTKs by acting as an E3 ubiquitin–protein ligase. We find that the RING finger domain of SLI-1 is partially dispensable. Further, we identify an inhibitory tyrosine of LET-23 requiring sli-1(+) for its effects: removal of this tyrosine closely mimics the loss ofsli-1 but not of another negative regulator,ark-1. Thus, we suggest that this inhibitory tyrosine mediates its effects through SLI-1, which in turn inhibits signaling upstream of LET-60 RAS in a manner not wholly dependent on the ubiquitin–ligase domain.
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34

Okahata, Hiroyasu, Yoshikazu Nishi, Kotaro Muraki, Koji Sumii, Yukitaka Miyachi, and Kazuhiro Ueda. "Development of gastric somatostatin-like immunoreactivity in response to corticosterone acetate and dietary changes in young rats." Acta Endocrinologica 112, no. 3 (July 1986): 383–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/acta.0.1120383.

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Abstract. The effects of dietary changes from breast milk to solid food and corticosterone acetate administration on somatostatin-like immunoreactivity (SLI) in the gastric antrum and corpus were studied in young and adult rats. At 7 days of age, a single dose of corticosterone acetate (250 mg/kg of body weight) was injected in one group of rats, and a single dose of physiological saline was injected in another group. Each group was divided into two subgroups; one was fed only rat breast milk until 25 days of age and the other weaned (solid food alone) at 21 days of age. Gastric antrums and corpora were removed at various ages for assay of SLI concentrations by radioimmunoassay. In non-corticosterone treated rats, antral and corpus SLI increased gradually until 20 days of age, and after changing from breast milk to solid food on day 21 antral SLI increased 2-fold to the adult level, whereas corpus SLI remained constant. In corticosterone-treated rats, antral and corpus SLI on day 11 was 5-fold that on day 7, and thereafter remained constant before changing from breast milk to solid food; after weaning (solid food alone) antral SLI increased again to reach the adult level at 25 days of age whereas corpus SLI remained constant after weaning. Prolonged breast milk feeding alone did not influence antral or corpus SLI levels in either corticosterone-treated or non-treated rats as compared to levels on day 20. Gel filtration of antral and corpus SLI from 15 day old corticosterone-treated and non-treated, and 25 day old weaned (solid food alone) and unweaned (breast milk alone) rats showed almost the same results: only one peak coeluted with synthetic somatostatin-14. The resuits suggest that weaning (solid food alone) and corticosterone administration affect the antral and corpus SLI.
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35

Perkins, Michael R. "Compensatory strategies in SLI." Clinical Linguistics & Phonetics 15, no. 1-2 (January 2001): 67–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/02699200109167633.

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36

&NA;. "SLI 38/alcohol interaction." Reactions Weekly &NA;, no. 1263 (August 2009): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128415-200912630-00096.

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37

McKeage, Kate, and Lesley J. Scott. "SLI-381 (Adderall XR??)." CNS Drugs 17, no. 9 (2003): 669–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00023210-200317090-00006.

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38

Johnston, Charlotte. "SLI-381 (Adderall XR??)." CNS Drugs 17, no. 9 (2003): 676–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00023210-200317090-00007.

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39

Ambrosini, Paul J. "SLI-381 (Adderall XR??)." CNS Drugs 17, no. 9 (2003): 676–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00023210-200317090-00008.

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40

van der Lely, Heather K. J. "Learning from Grammatical SLI." Trends in Cognitive Sciences 3, no. 8 (August 1999): 286–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1364-6613(99)01354-6.

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41

Perkins, Michael R. "Compensatory strategies in SLI." Clinical Linguistics & Phonetics 15, no. 1 (January 1, 2001): 67–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/026992001461334.

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42

Ebbels, Susan. "Introducing the SLI debate." International Journal of Language & Communication Disorders 49, no. 4 (July 2014): 377–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1460-6984.12119.

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43

Loeb, Diane Frome, Clifton Pye, Lori Zobel Richardson, and Sean Redmond. "Causative Alternations of Children With Specific Language Impairment." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 41, no. 5 (October 1998): 1103–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/jslhr.4105.1103.

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Alternating verbs to indicate or to relinquish cause requires an understanding of semantic and syntactic knowledge. This study evaluated the ability of children with specific language impairment (SLI) to produce the causative alternation in comparison to age peers and to language peers. The children with SLI were proficient in lexically alternating verbs, yet provided fewer passive and periphrastic constructions and more different verbs and adjectival responses. Overgeneralization error data suggest that the semantic systems of some children with SLI were similar to their age comparisons. Individual differences within the SLI group suggested that some children were adept at providing syntactic responses and overgeneralizations, whereas some of the SLI group provided less mature responses of no alternations and no responses. These findings demonstrate a syntactic deficit in the causative alternation for some children with SLI.
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Holst, N., T. G. Jenssen, and P. G. Burhol. "A Characterization of Immunoreactive Somatostatin in Human Milk." Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition 10, no. 1 (January 1990): 47–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1536-4801.1990.tb09935.x.

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In the present work, somatostatin‐like immunoreactivity (SLI) in human milk was characterized. In the early postpartum period, SLI levels were highest on the first day after delivery, and then gradually declined. From the fifth day postpartum, SLI levels in milk seemed unchanged. On the fifth day after delivery, milk SLI was significantly (p < 0.01) higher than plasma SLI (126.3 ± 11.7 vs. 17.6 ± 1.1 pmol/L). The results indicate an active transport from blood or synthesis of somatostatin within the mammary gland. Gel filtration studies of skimmed milk, as well as milk exposed to urea and HCl, and aspirated milk from the human premature newborn, revealed that the main portion of milk SLI either represents somatostatin covalently bound to a larger protein, or more likely, a high molecular weight variant of somatostatin.
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45

Conti-Ramsden, Gina, Dorothy V. M. Bishop, Becky Clark, Courtenay Frazier Norbury, and Margaret J. Snowling. "Specific Language Impairment (SLI): The Internet Ralli Campaign to Raise Awareness of SLI." Psychology of Language and Communication 18, no. 2 (August 1, 2014): 143–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/plc-2014-0011.

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Abstract In this short article, we discuss what is specific language impairment (SLI) and why it is a hidden disability that few people have heard about. We describe the impact on research, policy and practice of SLI being a neglected condition. We end by providing the background and rationale of a new internet campaign, RALLI (www.youtube.com/rallicampaign), aimed at changing this state of affairs and raising awareness of SLI.
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46

Ahren, B., T. L. Paquette, and G. J. Taborsky. "Effect and mechanism of vagal nerve stimulation on somatostatin secretion in dogs." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 250, no. 2 (February 1, 1986): E212—E217. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.1986.250.2.e212.

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To investigate the effect of vagal nerve stimulation on the release of pancreatic somatostatin, we electrically stimulated (10 Hz, 5 ms, 13.5 mA, and 10 min) the thoracic vagi just below the heart in halothane anesthetized dogs (n = 15). The stimulation increased the pancreatic output of somatostatinlike immunoreactivity (SLI) (delta = +248 +/- 81 fmol/min, P less than 0.005; base-line levels = 455 +/- 150 fmol/min). min). Arterial plasma SLI levels increased as well (delta = +16 +/- 3 fmol/ml, P less than 0.001; base-line levels = 65 +/- 3 fmol/ml), reflecting stimulation of extrapancreatic SLI secretion. Significant vagal activation was verified by a fivefold increase of pancreatic output of pancreatic polypeptide (PP) (delta = +31.4 +/- 5.9 ng/min, P less than 0.001; base-line levels = 7.8 +/- 0.9 ng/min). Atropine pretreatment (n = 6) inhibited partially both the PP response (delta = +7.9 +/- 3.8 ng/min after atropine) and the pancreatic SLI response (delta = +92 +/- 29 fmol/min) to vagal nerve stimulation. However, atropine pretreatment did not modify the arterial SLI response (delta = +20 +/- 7 fmol/ml). Hexamethonium pretreatment (n = 9) completely abolished all three responses. We conclude that 1) electrical stimulation of the vagus stimulates pancreatic SLI, extrapancreatic SLI, and PP release in vivo in the dog; 2) both muscarinic and nonmuscarinic mechanisms mediate the PP and pancreatic SLI responses; 3) a nonmuscarinic mechanism mediates the extrapancreatic SLI response; and 4) all three responses are mediated via ganglionic nicotinic receptors.
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47

Guo, Y. S., J. C. Thompson, and P. Singh. "Role of Ca2+ in bombesin-stimulated release of gastrin and somatostatin from isolated perfused rat stomach." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 255, no. 5 (November 1, 1988): G627—G632. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.1988.255.5.g627.

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The role of calcium (Ca2+) in bombesin (BBS)-stimulated release of gastrin and somatostatin-like immunoreactivity (SLI) was examined in isolated perfused rat stomachs obtained from male rats fasted overnight. The stomachs were perfused via the celiac artery. BBS (1 nM) was perfused alone for 10 min or in combination with various Ca2+ antagonists, including 1) different doses of divalent cationic Ca2+ chelator (EGTA), 2) Ca2+ channel blockers (nifedipine, verapamil), and 3) calmodulin (Ca2+ binding protein) antagonist [trifluoperazine (TFP)]. The effluent was collected for measurement of gastrin and SLI. EGTA at doses of 2 or 5 mM blocked the BBS-mediated release of both gastrin and SLI. After removal of a low dose of EGTA from the perfusate, the release of both gastrin and SLI rebounded. On removal of a high dose of EGTA, however, SLI release remained depressed, but gastrin rebounded even more significantly. In the absence of BBS, the rebound of gastrin release was less dramatic, indicating that reexposure to Ca2+ partially contributed to the rebound phenomenon. Nifedipine (0.1-10 microM) markedly decreased BBS-stimulated release of gastrin and SLI in a dose-dependent fashion; the inhibitory effect of nifedipine on SLI release was significantly stronger than on gastrin release. Verapamil (10 microM) depressed BBS-induced SLI release but not gastrin release. TFP (50 or 100 microM) also resulted in inhibition of bombesin-elicited release of gastrin and SLI in a dose-related manner.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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48

PHARR, AIMÉE BAIRD, NAN BERNSTEIN RATNER, and LESLIE RESCORLA. "Syllable structure development of toddlers with expressive specific language impairment." Applied Psycholinguistics 21, no. 4 (December 2000): 429–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s014271640000401x.

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A total of 35 children – 20 with expressive specific language impairment (SLI-E) and 15 typically developing (TD) peers – were compared longitudinally from 24 to 36 months with respect to their production of syllable shapes in 10-minute spontaneous speech samples. SLI-E 24-month-olds predominantly produced earlier developing syllable shapes containing vowels, liquids, and glides. TD 24-month-olds and SLI-E 36-month-olds produced approximately the same proportion of syllable types, with the exception of consonant clusters, where TD 24-month-olds produced more than SLI-E 36-month-olds. TD children at 36 months showed the greatest use of syllable shapes containing two different consonants and consonant clusters. Detailed analyses revealed that SLI-E children produced fewer syllable shapes containing final consonants, more than one consonant type, and consonant clusters. Furthermore, the children with SLI-E were found to vocalize less often than their TD peers. The possible relationships between these findings, SLI-E children's concomitant deficits in morphology and syntax, and the implications for diagnosis and remediation are discussed.
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Lavin, K. Erner, Heather A. Norman, and Carol-Anne Murphy. "An Exploratory Study into the Experiences of Adolescents with Specific Language Impairment (SLI) in Ireland: Insights from Parents and Adolescents." Journal of Clinical Speech and Language Studies 17, no. 1 (September 1, 2009): 92–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/acs-2009-17108.

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Background: Recent literature has demonstrated the long-term nature of SLI, which impacts on an individual’s educational, social, and emotional experiences (Brinton et al., 2005). There is limited service provision for adolescents with SLI and little is known about their experiences in Ireland. Aim: To qualitatively explore the experience of adolescents in Ireland. Methods and Procedures: The study used qualitative methodology in the form of focus group and semi-structured interviews to explore the experiences of adolescents with SLI in Ireland from their own and their parent’s perspectives. Results: Five descriptive themes relating to the experiences of adolescents with SLI were identified, including: The impact of SLI on relationships, intrapersonal experiences, service provision at secondary school level, future concerns, and variability. Conclusions: This study appears to reflect the emergence of similarities between the experiences of adolescents with SLI in an Irish context and their international counterparts. Parent and adolescent reports provide limited evidence supporting the growing literature indicating the long-term nature of SLI with difficulties widening with age.
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Ariznavarreta, C., and R. Fernandez-Durango. "Influence of streptozotocin-induced diabetes on the concentration of immunoreactive somatostatin in the retina and peripheral blood of the rat: effect of insulin treatment." Journal of Endocrinology 114, no. 3 (September 1987): 363–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/joe.0.1140363.

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ABSTRACT Changes in somatostatin-like immunoreactivity (SLI) were examined in the retina and peripheral blood of diabetic rats treated with streptozotocin (STZ) and insulin. There was no change in retinal SLI content at 4 and 11 days after administration of STZ but, thereafter, SLI increased progressively in the diabetic animals by 220% at 18 days and 300% at 27 days. Plasma SLI levels increased by 500% at 11 days and maintained similar levels thereafter. Diabetic animals treated with insulin (3–5 i.u. daily) for 27 days showed a significant (P < 0·01) decrease of retinal and plasma SLI levels compared with untreated diabetic animals. It is concluded that there is a significant increase of retinal and plasma SLI levels in diabetic rats which tends to normalize after several days of insulin treatment. J. Endocr. (1987) 114, 363–367
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