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1
Manners, J., E. Kemps, B. Lechat, N. Stuart, A. Guyett, S. Proctor, D. Eckert, P. Catcheside, and H. Scott. "O007 Validation of an under-mattress sleep tracker to estimate sleep and wake during day and night sleep opportunities." Sleep Advances 4, Supplement_1 (October 1, 2023): A3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleepadvances/zpad035.007.
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Abstract Introduction Consumer sleep trackers are useful for tracking daily sleep, particularly in shift-workers, yet large, multi-night validations against direct sleep measures are lacking. Conducted as one of the largest sleep tracker validation studies to date, this study evaluated performance of an under-mattress sensor (Withings Sleep Analyzer [WSA]) to classify sleep and wake versus polysomnography (PSG) in a multi-night laboratory protocol with both day and night sleep opportunities. Methods 27 healthy sleepers attended the laboratory twice, for 8 consecutive days (48% male, mean[SD] age=27[9]years). Participants underwent simultaneous PSG and WSA recordings for the initial night-time sleep (22:00-07:00) and 6 subsequent daytime sleeps (10:00-19:00) during simulated night-shift work. Epoch-by-epoch analysis of the 252 nights tested accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity for the first night-time sleep opportunity versus subsequent daytime sleeps. Sleep duration estimates were compared between WSA and PSG. Results Across all recordings, the WSA showed 83% sleep-wake classification accuracy, 87% sensitivity to sleep and 25% specificity to wake. The WSA significantly overestimated sleep duration versus PSG (25[65]minutes, p<0.05). Accuracy and specificity were higher for night versus day sleeps (88% and 38% versus 81% and 18% respectively, all p<0.05), while sensitivity (90% versus 88%) did not significantly differ. Discussion The WSA was moderately accurate compared to PSG, and comparable to other movement-based sleep trackers. The WSA was more accurate at classifying sleep and wake during night sleep opportunities compared to daytime sleeps. This differential performance is likely due to poorer sleep quality commonly observed during daytime sleep that is harder to accurately classify.
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Lenker, Kristina, Susan Calhoun, Julio Fernandez-Mendoza, and Susan Mayes. "1044 Relationship Between Core Autism Symptoms and Sleep Disturbances in Youth with Autism: A Latent Class Analysis." SLEEP 47, Supplement_1 (April 20, 2024): A449. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsae067.01044.
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Abstract Introduction Previous studies have used cluster analysis to clarify diagnostic heterogeneity of autism, but have been limited to identifying subgroups of autism on the basis of core symptoms rather than sleep problems. The present study examined the relationship between core autism symptoms and sleep problems in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Methods 1466 patients (1–18y, M=6.4±3.6; IQs of 8–146, M=88.9±27.25; 81.2% male, 89.0% white) diagnosed with ASD. Dimension reduction via principal component analysis (PCA) was performed on the 10 sleep items from the Pediatric Behavior Scale. Latent class analyses (LCA) was used to determine phenotypes characterized by core ASD symptoms (social interaction, perseveration, somatosensory disturbance, atypical communication/ development, mood, and selective attention/safety awareness), and sleep dimensions accounting for age, gender, IQ, and medication use. Results Three clusters with distinguishable sleep factors were retained from the PCA, with eigenvalues >1, with adequate goodness-of-fit (TLI=0.91;RMSEA=0.075); disturbed sleep (trouble falling asleep, restless sleep, wakes often, nightmares, and talks/walks/or cries in sleep), insufficient sleep (sleeps less, wakes early), and, hypersomnolence (drowsy/sleepy, sluggish/slow-moving, sleeps more). LCA revealed a 3-class (AIC=29164.00;BIC=29594.00;sBIC=29334.00) and 4-class model (AIC=28986.00;BIC=29489.00;sBIC=29184.00), with adequate fit. Based on IC measures, the 4-class model yielded the best model fit, with acceptable entropy (0.856). Based on conceptual grounds and considering all model fit statistics, the 4-class model was chosen. Using Class 3 (N=708;50.7%) as the reference group, Class 1 (N=71;5.1%) was categorized by more problems with social interactions, disturbed sleep, hypersomnolence, older age and increased medication use. Class 2 (N=367;26.3%) was categorized by less severe autism symptoms, particularly problems with selective attention/safety awareness, overall sleep problems, older age and higher IQ. Class 4 (N=251;18.0%) was categorized by more problems with perseveration and somatosensory disturbance, disturbed and insufficient sleep, younger age and increased medication use. Gender was not a significant covariate. Conclusion Using LCA we found four distinct patterns of core autism symptoms and sleep problems differing in terms of age, IQ, and medication use. This study provides strong evidence for phenotyping and targeting sleep as a standard part of therapeutic intervention in individuals with autism. Support (if any) Department of Health and Human Services, Health Resources and Services Administration, R4349152
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Honda, Takato, Tomoyuki Fujiyama, Chika Miyoshi, Aya Ikkyu, Noriko Hotta-Hirashima, Satomi Kanno, Seiya Mizuno, et al. "A single phosphorylation site of SIK3 regulates daily sleep amounts and sleep need in mice." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115, no. 41 (September 25, 2018): 10458–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1810823115.
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Sleep is an evolutionally conserved behavior from vertebrates to invertebrates. The molecular mechanisms that determine daily sleep amounts and the neuronal substrates for homeostatic sleep need remain unknown. Through a large-scale forward genetic screen of sleep behaviors in mice, we previously demonstrated that the Sleepy mutant allele of the Sik3 protein kinase gene markedly increases daily nonrapid-eye movement sleep (NREMS) amounts and sleep need. The Sleepy mutation deletes the in-frame exon 13 encoding a peptide stretch encompassing S551, a known PKA recognition site in SIK3. Here, we demonstrate that single amino acid changes at SIK3 S551 (S551A and S551D) reproduce the hypersomnia phenotype of the Sleepy mutant mice. These mice exhibit increased NREMS amounts and inherently increased sleep need, the latter demonstrated by increased duration of individual NREMS episodes and higher EEG slow-wave activity during NREMS. At the molecular level, deletion or mutation at SIK3 S551 reduces PKA recognition and abolishes 14-3-3 binding. Our results suggest that the evolutionally conserved S551 of SIK3 mediates, together with PKA and 14-3-3, the intracellular signaling crucial for the regulation of daily sleep amounts and sleep need at the organismal level.
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Åkerstedt, Torbjörn, Ken Hume, David Minors, and Jim Waterhouse. "Experimental separation of time of day and homeostatic influences on sleep." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 274, no. 4 (April 1, 1998): R1162—R1168. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1998.274.4.r1162.
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The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the simultaneous effects on sleep of prior time awake (PRW) and time of day (TOD). Eight male subjects spent 13 days in an isolated sleep lab and had three 8-h baseline sleeps and then 18 4-h sleeps, distributed to provide three sleeps starting at 2400, 0400, 0800, 1200, 1600, and 2000. The three sleeps were preceded by 4, 8, and 12 h of PRW, respectively. ANOVA showed that TST and subjective sleepiness increased with PRW and with closeness to the trough of the circadian rhythm of rectal temperature, whereas sleep latency showed the opposite pattern, and rapid eye movement sleep (REM) latency strongly decreased with PRW and with closeness to the trough. Slow-wave sleep (SWS) increased with PRW, whereas SWS latency and final time awake decreased. REM sleep increased with closeness to the circadian trough, and time awake decreased. Multiple-regression analysis showed that REM latency was closely related to increased SWS in the first sleep cycle, reduced SWS latency, and increased PRW [a short PRW before sleep at noon yielded an extremely short (14 min) REM latency]. Sleep latency and final time awake showed almost exactly the same relationship to TOD and PRW. It is concluded that both homeostatic and circadian influences simultaneously affect sleep, that REM latency is very sensitive to the need for SWS, and that the circadian acrophase strongly interferes with sleep. It should be emphasized that the conclusions should not be extrapolated to longer (>12 h) wake spans.
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Gopichandran, V., S. Suganya, and K. P. Misra. "Sleepy Heart and Hearty Sleep: Sleep Disorders and Cardiovascular Diseases." Indian Journal of Sleep Medicine 1, no. 3 (2006): 141–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/ijsm-1-3-141.
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Parekh, Ankit, Bresne Castillo, Do Hyung Kim, Kathleen Black, Rafael de la Hoz, David Rapoport, Jag Sunderram, and Indu Ayappa. "401 Clinical Phenotypes of Obstructive Sleep Apnea in World Trade Center Responders." Sleep 44, Supplement_2 (May 1, 2021): A159—A160. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsab072.400.
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Abstract Introduction The heterogeneity of symptoms in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients has been recently formalized into 3 distinct clusters: Sleepy, Disturbed Sleep, and Minimally Symptomatic. Our previous data showed that OSA is highly prevalent (>75%) in World Trade Center (WTC) responders, and positive airway pressure (PAP) treatment adherence is very poor (<20%). To better understand the heterogeneity of OSA in the WTC cohort, here we sought to examine the distribution of these distinct clinical phenotypes. Methods 643 subjects with no history of OSA or reported loud and frequent snoring before 9/11/2001 from the WTC health program clinical centers at Rutgers RWJMS, New Jersey, NYU School of Medicine, and Icahn School Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York underwent 2 nights of home sleep testing using the ARES unicorder (SleepMed, Inc., West Palm Beach, FL, USA). Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), sleep onset insomnia, and sleep maintenance insomnia were assessed with questionnaires. OSA was defined as (AHI4%>=5 or RDI>=15/hr). The three clusters were defined as 1) Sleepy (ESS>10 and/or sleep onset/maintenance insomnia); 2) Disturbed Sleep (not sleepy (ESS<=10) and sleep onset/maintenance insomnia); and 3) Minimally Symptomatic (not sleepy (ESS<=10) and no sleep onset/maintenance insomnia). Distribution of clusters in the WTC cohort was compared to published data from the Sleep Apnea Global Interdisciplinary Consortium (SAGIC) and the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL). Results Among the subjects diagnosed with OSA (N 440; AHI4%=13(15); RDI =28(19); median(iqr); 81% men; age, 33–87 years; BMI, 27.4±3.7 kg/m2), the distribution of clinical phenotypes was 31.4% sleepy, 48.9% disturbed sleep, and 19.7% minimally symptomatic, and did not differ between OSA severity groups. In comparison to SAGIC and HCHS/SOL, the WTC cohort exhibited significantly increased prevalence of the disturbed sleep phenotype (WTC vs SAGIC: 48.9% vs. 19.8%, □2=54.9; p<0.001; WTC vs. HCHS/SOL: 48.9% vs. 38.1%, □2=26.1, p<0.001). Conclusion The predominant clinical phenotype of OSA in the WTC cohort is disturbed sleep (insomnia) and its prevalence is significantly greater than what has been observed in other large OSA cohorts. These findings may help explain the poor adherence to PAP treatment observed in the WTC cohort. Support (if any) NIOSH U01OH01415; AASM Foundation 233-BS-20.
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Åkerstedt, Torbjörn, Ken Hume, David Minors, and Jim Waterhouse. "The Subjective Meaning of Good Sleep, An Intraindividual Approach Using the Karolinska Sleep Diary." Perceptual and Motor Skills 79, no. 1 (August 1994): 287–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1994.79.1.287.
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The present experiment used an intraindividual design to investigate the meaning and measurement of “good sleep.” Each of 16 subjects slept in an isolation unit according to a schedule (15 sleeps) designed to give variable quality of sleep. Self-rated sleep measures (from the Karolinska Sleep Diary) were obtained after each sleep and subjected to intraindividual regression analyses across time. Most subjective sleep measures showed a strong covariation across conditions. Subjective quality of sleep mainly involved variables of sleep continuity, in particular, perceived calmness of sleep and sleep efficiency. “Sleep quality,” “calm sleep,” “ease of falling asleep,” and ability to “sleep throughout” the time allotted strongly covaried and formed an index of sleep quality. Self-rated ease of awakening deviated from the general pattern and was associated with poor sleep quality. So was reported dreaming (related to awakenings). It was concluded that most subjective sleep measures tend to covary across conditions and that “good sleep” is mainly a question of sleep continuity.
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Keenan, Brendan, Philip de Chazal, Thomas Penzel, Bethany Gerardy, Ulysses Magalang, Magdy Younes, Diego Mazzotti, and Allan Pack. "0431 Different physiological characteristics of obstructive sleep apnea symptom subtypes across international sleep centers." SLEEP 46, Supplement_1 (May 1, 2023): A191—A192. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsad077.0431.
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Abstract Introduction Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) is a widespread and heterogeneous sleep disorder. Studies have identified reproducible subtypes of OSA based on patient-reported symptoms that have different cardiovascular outcomes. Prior data showed similar apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) across subtypes; however, other physiological characteristics have not been comprehensively compared among these subtypes. Methods 1,285 participants from the Sleep Apnea Global Interdisciplinary Consortium (SAGIC) with moderate-severe OSA (AHI≥15) were included. Differences in traditional and novel physiological traits were compared among the Disturbed Sleep (n=183 [14.2%]), Minimally Symptomatic (n=581 [45.2%]), and Excessively Sleepy (n=521 [40.5%]) subtypes using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) adjusted for age, sex, BMI and race/ethnicity. Measures included AHI and other respiratory event indices, hypoxic burden, oxygen characteristics, sleep/wake amounts, electroencephalogram (EEG) spectral characteristics, including metrics related to the odds ratio product (ORP; a validated index of sleep depth ranging from 0.0 [deep sleep] to 2.5 [full wakefulness]), arousal intensity, and heart rate response to arousal. Results Compared to other subtypes, the Disturbed Sleep subtype demonstrated increased wakefulness (more wake time [p< 0.001] and wake after sleep onset [p=0.001]), higher beta frequency EEG power (14.33-20.0 Hz [p=0.025] and 20.33-35.0 Hz [p=0.004]), and less deep sleep (higher average [p=0.001] and NREM-specific [p=0.044] ORP, less time with ORP from 0.50-0.75 [p=0.004] and 0.75-1.00 [p=0.015], and more time from 2.20-2.25 [p=0.017] and 2.25-2.50 [p=0.0005]). The Excessively Sleepy subtype had more severe hypoxemia, including greater hypoxic burden (p=0.002) and lower average SpO2 (p=0.002) and minimum SpO2 (p=0.0002) compared to other subtypes. Conclusion Differences in physiological characteristics, including ORP-related traits, were observed among symptom subtypes. Results suggest that characteristics indicative of increased wakefulness may distinguish those with the Disturbed Sleep subtype, whereas more severe hypoxemia may characterize the Excessively Sleepy subtype. Future investigations into underlying molecular causes of symptom subtypes, particularly the Excessively Sleepy, are warranted given evidence of associations with outcomes such as cardiovascular disease. Support (if any) SAGIC Investigators (Ayas N, Chen NH, Cistulli P, de Chazal P, Gislason TG, Han F, Hirsch-Allen AJ, Keenan BT, Li QY, Magalang UJ, Maislin G, Mazzotti DR, McArdle N, Mindel J, Pack AI, Penzel T, Schwab RJ, Singh B, Sutherland K); NIH P01 HL094307
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G, Dilip Kumar. "Sleep: Our Ancestors View." Journal of Natural & Ayurvedic Medicine 3, no. 2 (April 16, 2019): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/jonam-16000191.
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Sleep is one of the important components of Tripod of life (three pillars that hold the health, life and longevity). They person, in general situation sleeps during night hours. Under certain circumstances there may be need of day sleep also. Violation of the rules of sleep may lead to some untoward effects. Therefore every individual should learn and follow the rules of sleep. The Ayurvedic scholars, in there valuable classics write elaborately about sleep with special reference to pathophysiology, types, rules to be followed to gain benefit of sleep etc. which can be considered as valuable source of knowledge with scope of extensive research.
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Chasens, Eileen R., Susan M. Sereika, and Lora E. Burke. "Daytime Sleepiness and Functional Outcomes in Older Adults With Diabetes." Diabetes Educator 35, no. 3 (April 14, 2009): 455–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0145721709333857.
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Purpose This secondary analysis examined the effect of excessive sleepiness on daytime function in older adults with diabetes from the National Sleep Foundation's Sleep and Aging poll. Methods Respondents were older adults (N = 1506; age range, 55-84 years) evaluated by telephone survey on their sleep duration, sleep disturbances, daytime functional outcomes, and self-reported height, weight, and comorbidities. Results Approximately 16% (n = 244) of the sample acknowledged a diagnosis of diabetes; they were older, had more comorbidities, had a higher body mass index (BMI), and were more likely to be sleepy during the daytime than nondiabetic respondents (all P < .05). Respondents with diabetes who reported frequent daytime sleepiness (n = 50; 20%) had significantly (P < .05) higher BMI, lower self-rated health, and more sleep disturbances than those who were not sleepy (n = 194). Sleepy respondents with diabetes also reported more frequent feelings of depression, decreased pleasure in life, naps, feeling drowsy, or dozing off while driving (all P < .05). Excessive sleepiness was significantly associated (P < .001) with an increased risk for depressive symptoms while controlling for BMI, age, and number of comorbidities. Conclusions These results indicate that sleep disturbances affect not only sleep quality but also daytime function in older adults with diabetes.
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Remmers, Neeley, Michael Anderson, and John Nelson. "829 Chronic sleep deprivation in a 75-year-old female leading to micro-sleeps with atonia causing increased falls." Sleep 44, Supplement_2 (May 1, 2021): A323. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsab072.826.
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Abstract Introduction Each year, 3 million older people are treated in emergency departments for fall-related injuries. These falls can lead to serious injuries and expensive health care costs. Some have looked into the relationship between chronic sleep disturbances and falls linking chronic sleep deprivation or excessive sleep to falling. Here, we present a unique case of chronic sleep deprivation causing sleep attacks or micro-sleeps with atonia causing falls. Report of case(s) We present a 75-year-old F with a history of increased daily falls up to 4x per day that began 3 years ago. She denies any triggering events, auras, frequent tripping, loss of balance or weakness. Reportedly, she will be walking along then suddenly falls. She is aware that she is falling yet feels as though she cannot prevent/stop the fall or break her fall. No one has witnessed her fall, but is frequently found lying on the floor. She has never sustained a serious injury as a result of her falls. She has an 8 year history of restless legs syndrome treated with ropinirole and a 10 year history of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) treated with CPAP. Her general bedtime is 2200 and wake-time is 0400 with an average 3–4 hrs of quality sleep per night for many years. She endorses severe daytime hypersomnolence and chronic hypoxemia on 3L home oxygen. We hypothesized her falls were secondary to sleep attacks or micro-sleeps where she enters REM sleep and develops atonia. Nocturnal sleep study followed by MSLT showed severe OSA with severe, persistent daytime sleeping with REM sleep and atonia. She had a mean sleep latency of 2 minutes with 1 sleep-onset REM period. We started NIPPV with supplemental oxygen treatment, and within 4 months her daytime hypersomnolence resolved, exercise intolerance improved, saturations improved to 89–90% on room air, and has <1 fall per day. Conclusion Here, we presented a unique case of a 75 yo F with recurrent falls secondary to chronic sleep deprivation causing micro-sleeps involving REM sleep and atonia. She was treated with NIPPV which improved her oxygenation and reduced her number of falls to <1 per day. Support (if any):
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Sundelin, Tina, Mats Lekander, Kimmo Sorjonen, and John Axelsson. "Negative effects of restricted sleep on facial appearance and social appeal." Royal Society Open Science 4, no. 5 (May 2017): 160918. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.160918.
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The importance of assessing evolutionarily relevant social cues suggests that humans should be sensitive to others' sleep history, as this may indicate something about their health as well as their capacity for social interaction. Recent findings show that acute sleep deprivation and looking tired are related to decreased attractiveness and health, as perceived by others. This suggests that one might also avoid contact with sleep-deprived, or sleepy-looking, individuals, as a strategy to reduce health risk and poor interactions. In this study, 25 participants (14 females, age range 18–47 years) were photographed after 2 days of sleep restriction and after normal sleep, in a balanced design. The photographs were rated by 122 raters (65 females, age range 18–65 years) on how much they would like to socialize with the participants. They also rated participants' attractiveness, health, sleepiness and trustworthiness. The results show that raters were less inclined to socialize with individuals who had gotten insufficient sleep. Furthermore, when sleep-restricted, participants were perceived as less attractive, less healthy and more sleepy. There was no difference in perceived trustworthiness. These findings suggest that naturalistic sleep loss can be detected in a face and that people are less inclined to interact with a sleep-deprived individual.
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Ha, Seokmin, Su Jung Choi, Sujin Lee, Reinatt Hansel Wijaya, Jee Hyun Kim, Eun Yeon Joo, and Jae Kyoung Kim. "Predicting the Risk of Sleep Disorders Using a Machine Learning–Based Simple Questionnaire: Development and Validation Study." Journal of Medical Internet Research 25 (September 21, 2023): e46520. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/46520.
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Background Sleep disorders, such as obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), comorbid insomnia and sleep apnea (COMISA), and insomnia are common and can have serious health consequences. However, accurately diagnosing these conditions can be challenging as a result of the underrecognition of these diseases, the time-intensive nature of sleep monitoring necessary for a proper diagnosis, and patients’ hesitancy to undergo demanding and costly overnight polysomnography tests. Objective We aim to develop a machine learning algorithm that can accurately predict the risk of OSA, COMISA, and insomnia with a simple set of questions, without the need for a polysomnography test. Methods We applied extreme gradient boosting to the data from 2 medical centers (n=4257 from Samsung Medical Center and n=365 from Ewha Womans University Medical Center Seoul Hospital). Features were selected based on feature importance calculated by the Shapley additive explanations (SHAP) method. We applied extreme gradient boosting using selected features to develop a simple questionnaire predicting sleep disorders (SLEEPS). The accuracy of the algorithm was evaluated using the area under the receiver operating characteristics curve. Results In total, 9 features were selected to construct SLEEPS. SLEEPS showed high accuracy, with an area under the receiver operating characteristics curve of greater than 0.897 for all 3 sleep disorders, and consistent performance across both sets of data. We found that the distinction between COMISA and OSA was critical for accurate prediction. A publicly accessible website was created based on the algorithm that provides predictions for the risk of the 3 sleep disorders and shows how the risk changes with changes in weight or age. Conclusions SLEEPS has the potential to improve the diagnosis and treatment of sleep disorders by providing more accessibility and convenience. The creation of a publicly accessible website based on the algorithm provides a user-friendly tool for assessing the risk of OSA, COMISA, and insomnia.
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Yunardi, Mei Linawati Siahaan, and Arfyah Sagita Yunanda. "THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN STRESS AND SLEEP QUALITY IN ELDERLY IN RAYA BAYU VILLAGE, RAYA DISTRICT, SIMALUNGUN DISTRICT." MORFAI JOURNAL 1, no. 2 (January 30, 2022): 395–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.54443/morfai.v1i2.722.
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This study aims to identify the relationship between stress and sleep quality in the elderly using a correlative descriptive design. Determining the size of the sample using the power analysis table with a level of significance (α) of 5%, power (1-β) of 80% and an effect size of 40%, so that the sample size in this study is 50 elderly people who live in Raya Bayu Village, Raya District, Simalungun Regency. Sampling used simple randomized sampling according to the research criteria. Data collection was carried out from 2 to 30 June 2018 using a questionnaire consisting of 3 parts, namely the Demographic Data Questionnaire (KDD), Stress Questionnaire (KS), and Elderly Sleep Quality Questionnaire (KKTL). From the data analysis it is known that all respondents (100%) fall into the category of mild stress levels and almost all respondents (84.9%) have poor sleep quality. Respondents reported sleep duration at night < 5 hours (48%), length of time needed to start sleeping > 60 minutes (56%), frequency of waking up at night 3-4 times (52%), most respondents (60 %) woke up intermittently, when they woke up the respondents still felt a little sleepy (46%) and the majority of respondents were dissatisfied with their sleep (50%). And from the research it was found that stress has a moderate negative relationship to sleep quality in the elderly (r = -0.454) with an acceptable significance value (p <0.05), Respondents reported sleep duration at night < 5 hours (48%), length of time needed to start sleeping > 60 minutes (56%), frequency of waking up at night 3-4 times (52%), most respondents (60 %) woke up intermittently, when they woke up the respondents still felt a little sleepy (46%) and the majority of respondents were dissatisfied with their sleep (50%). And from the research it was found that stress has a moderate negative relationship to sleep quality in the elderly (r = -0.454) with an acceptable significance value (p <0.05), Respondents reported sleep duration at night < 5 hours (48%), length of time needed to start sleeping > 60 minutes (56%), frequency of waking up at night 3-4 times (52%), most respondents (60 %) woke up intermittently, when they woke up the respondents still felt a little sleepy (46%) and the majority of respondents were dissatisfied with their sleep (50%). And from the research it was found that stress has a moderate negative relationship to sleep quality in the elderly (r = -0.454) with an acceptable significance value (p <0.05), when they wake up the respondents still feel a little sleepy (46%) and the majority of respondents are dissatisfied with their sleep (50%). And from the research it was found that stress has a moderate negative relationship to sleep quality in the elderly (r = -0.454) with an acceptable significance value (p <0.05), when they wake up the respondents still feel a little sleepy (46%) and the majority of respondents are dissatisfied with their sleep (50%). And from the research it was found that stress has a moderate negative relationship to sleep quality in the elderly (r = -0.454) with an acceptable significance value (p <0.05),
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Dijk, D. J. "Circadian regulation of sleep propensity, sleep structure and alertness: A symphony of paradoxes." Acta Neuropsychiatrica 7, no. 2 (June 1995): 24–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0924270800037467.
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The adult human typically exhibits a monophasic sleep-wake cycle, i.e., remains awake and alert for approximately 16 hours and then sleeps for 8 hours. Recent experiments have provided new insights in the role of the endogenous circadian pacemaker in this consolidation of sleep and wakefulness.Sleep deprivation studies had shown previously that sleepiness and alertness are co-determined by a process which keeps track of the history of sleep and wakefulness and the circadian pacemaker, which keeps track of time. During every day life and during sleep deprivation both processes change simultaneously and their relative contribution to alertness and sleep propensity cannot be assessed under these conditions.
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Roig, Marc, Jacopo Cristini, Zohra Parwanta, Beatrice Ayotte, Lynden Rodrigues, Bernat de Las Heras, Jean-François Nepveu, et al. "Exercising the Sleepy-ing Brain: Exercise, Sleep, and Sleep Loss on Memory." Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews 50, no. 1 (January 2022): 38–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/jes.0000000000000273.
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Magistarina, Elrisfa, Zakwan Adri, and Verlanda Yuca. "Preliminary Study: Sleep Duration and Sleep Quality in Male College Students." Jurnal Neo Konseling 3, no. 2 (September 17, 2021): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/00618kons2021.
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College students are in the period of transition from adolescence to adulthood. This transition period can bring some obstacles for them, for example, disruption in sleeping pattern. According to Tsai & Li (2004), emerging adults usually have sleep deprivation. Another recent study found that college-age teens or emerging adults do have changes in sleep patterns (Lund, Reider, Whiting, & Prichard, 2010). Those emerging adults tend to stay up late and then delay waking up-time. Based on the initial interview, many students complaint that sleep later affects their academic performance, for instance, being late to the class; daytime sleepiness; and difficulties in paying attention in the class. Thus, we would like to examine the relationship between the duration of sleep with sleep quality. The result shows that there was a significant and negative correlation between sleep duration and sleep quality, which means that the sleep quality was slightly determine by how long someone sleeps. Besides, only 5% of the respondents are not using their gadget before bed. The use of gadget affects sleep difficulties and lead to poor sleep quality. Thus, the result of this research will be used as our initial data to study further
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Hasegawa, Emi, Ai Miyasaka, Katsuyasu Sakurai, Yoan Cherasse, Yulong Li, and Takeshi Sakurai. "Rapid eye movement sleep is initiated by basolateral amygdala dopamine signaling in mice." Science 375, no. 6584 (March 4, 2022): 994–1000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.abl6618.
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The sleep cycle is characterized by alternating non–rapid eye movement (NREM) and rapid eye movement (REM) sleeps. The mechanisms by which this cycle is generated are incompletely understood. We found that a transient increase of dopamine (DA) in the basolateral amygdala (BLA) during NREM sleep terminates NREM sleep and initiates REM sleep. DA acts on dopamine receptor D2 (Drd2)–expressing neurons in the BLA to induce the NREM-to-REM transition. This mechanism also plays a role in cataplectic attacks—a pathological intrusion of REM sleep into wakefulness—in narcoleptics. These results show a critical role of DA signaling in the BLA in initiating REM sleep and provide a neuronal basis for sleep cycle generation.
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Olofsson, Birgitta, and Mario de Bono. "Sleep: Dozy Worms and Sleepy Flies." Current Biology 18, no. 5 (March 2008): R204—R206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2008.01.002.
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Saygın, Mustafa. "Investigation of Sleep Quality and Sleep Disorders in Students of Medicine." Turkish Thoracic Journal 17, no. 4 (October 10, 2016): 132–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5578/ttj.30513.
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Dr. M. Ganesh, Dr M. Ganesh, Dr S. A. Sridevi Dr.S.A.Sridevi, and Dr T. Janagan Dr. T.Janagan. "Sleep Habits and Sleep Patterns in Healthy Adult Population in Chennai." International Journal of Scientific Research 3, no. 5 (June 1, 2012): 507–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/22778179/may2014/163.
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Mariyana, Rina, Rola Oktorina, and Andiesta Pratama. "Terapi Wudhu dan Hyigiene terhadap Gangguan Tidur Anak Usia Sekolah." REAL in Nursing Journal 3, no. 1 (May 1, 2020): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.32883/rnj.v3i1.647.
Abstract:
<p><strong><em>Background:</em></strong><em> </em><em>Sleep disturbance is a problem that often arises in the population of school-age children where every year around 20% to 50% of sleep disorders and about 17% experience serious sleep disorders caused by various factors. </em><em>Wudhu</em><em> therapy and sleepy hygienic therapy is one of the therapies that can be used to overcome sleep disorders. The purpose of this research is to find out the influence of </em><em>wudhu</em><em> therapy and sleepy hygiene therapy on sleep disorders in school-age children</em><em>.</em><em> </em><strong><em>Method</em></strong><em>: </em><em>The research method used is Quasi Experiment Design with Pre Test and Post Test Two Group Design designs. in the application with design interpretation - posttest. The sampling technique was taken by purposive sampling method with a sample of 20 respondents. Data analysis used in this study is the analysis of univariated and bivariated with</em><em> </em><em>using T test.</em><em> </em><strong><em>Results</em></strong><em>:</em><em> Average sleep disturbance of respondents before (pretest) </em><em>wudhu</em><em> therapy was 55.50 and after (posttest) </em><em>wudhu</em><em> therapy was given 30.10 with a P-value of 0.001 and obtained an average sleep disturbance before respondents (Pretest) performed sleepy hygiene therapy was 56.80 and after (posttest) given sleepy hygiene therapy was 42.60 with a P-value of 0.002. The results showed ablution therapy is more effective than sleepy hygiene therapy</em>.<em> </em><strong><em>Conclusion</em></strong><em>: </em><em>There is an influence of </em><em>wudhu</em><em> therapy and sleepy hygiene therapy on sleep disorders in school-age children. Suggestions in this study if a child has a sleep disorder can perform</em><em> wudhu</em><em> therapy and sleepy therapy hygiene</em><em> </em><em>so sleep becomes comfortable</em><em>. </em></p>
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Datta, Anjan, Kaushik Nag, Nabarun Karmakar, Tamal Chakrabarty, Kaushik Tripura, and Partha Bhattacharjee. "Sleep disturbance and its effect on academic performance among students of a medical college of Tripura." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 6, no. 1 (December 24, 2018): 293. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20185261.
Abstract:
Background: Sleep deprivation may have grave health consequences; resulting in increasing disease morbidity and mortality. Sleep disturbance have also been affected academic performance of medical students. The objective of the study was to find out the prevalence of sleep disturbance and association between sleep disturbance and academic performance of medical students, if any.Methods: An institution based cross-sectional study was conducted in the month of March 2018 among 203 medical students of Tripura Medical College and Dr. B.R.A.M. Teaching Hospital. Probability Proportionate to Sample Size (PPS) was used to determine the number of students required from each semester. Students selected by simple random sampling from each semester were interviewed by a pre-designed, pre-tested interview schedule designed based on Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Data was represented in percentages in tables, charts and Chi square test was applied. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results: Mean age of the medical student was 21.36±1.96 years. Present study showed, 57% students were complaining of disturbed sleep. Students who felt sleepy during daytime (72.4%) were struggling more during exam compared to students not feeling sleepy (51.7%), which was statistically significant. Study revealed, students who got average mark in last semester exam were most affected with disturbed sleep (66.3%) followed by students who got good marks (53.5%) and poor marks (50%).Conclusions: Prevalence of sleep disturbance was very high among medical students. Male students were much more affected compared to female students. Sleep disturbance has also affected academic performance of students.
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Mazzotti, Diego, Paul Scott, and Jonna Morris. "0717 Obstructive Sleep Apnea Symptom Subtype Transitions over Five Years are Associated with Increased Cardiovascular Disease Incidence Risk." Sleep 45, Supplement_1 (May 25, 2022): A314. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsac079.713.
Abstract:
Abstract Introduction Efforts to characterize clinical heterogeneity of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) resulted in the identification and replication of symptom-based subtypes. Individuals with moderate-severe OSA that are excessively sleepy are at increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). There is limited evidence about whether OSA patients that worsen their symptom presentation over time are at increased cardiovascular burden. This study aimed to assess the association between five-year transitions among OSA symptom subtypes and incidence of CVD in a community-based cohort. Methods Participants of the Sleep Heart Health Study with complete baseline and 5-year follow-up data on symptom presentation, polysomnographic data and CVD outcomes were included (N=2,643). We used latent transition analysis on 14 symptom items to determine symptom subtype transitions in participants diagnosed with OSA (apnea-hypopnea index [AHI]≥5) across both visits. The primary outcome was incidence of CVD, defined as first occurrence of a composite of coronary heart disease, heart failure or stroke after the follow-up visit (median CV follow-up: 6.7 years). Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess the association between symptom subtype transitions and CVD incidence, adjusted by relevant demographic and cardiovascular risk factors. Results Four OSA symptom subtypes were identified at baseline and follow-up visits: minimally symptomatic, disturbed sleep, moderately sleepy and excessively sleepy. When compared to participants without OSA at baseline and follow-up visits, those with OSA that transitioned from moderately sleepy to excessively sleepy had increased CVD incidence risk (HR=2.09; 95%CI=1.27-3.45; p=0.004), independent of other CV risk factors. Increased CVD incidence risk was also observed in participants who transitioned from moderately sleepy to excessively sleepy when compared to those that remained moderately sleepy (HR=2.02; 95%CI=1.20-3.40; p=0.008) and in participants who transitioned from disturbed sleep to excessively sleepy when compared to those that remained with disturbed sleep (HR=3.25; 95%CI=1.03-10.23; p=0.044). Conclusion Five-year transitions across OSA symptom subtypes are associated with increased CVD incidence risk when adjusted by other relevant cardiovascular risk factors. Participants that transitioned from moderately sleepy or from disturbed sleep to excessively sleepy were at higher CVD risk. Results of this study might inform the role of symptom progression on CVD risk in OSA. Support (If Any) American Heart Association (20CDA35310360), National Institutes of Health (U01HL53916, U01HL53931, U01HL53934, U01HL53937, U01HL53938, U01HL53940, U01HL53941, U01HL64360 R24 HL114473, 75N92019R002).
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Boyce, Niall. "Have we lost sleep? A reconsideration of segmented sleep in early modern England." Medical History 67, no. 2 (April 2023): 91–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/mdh.2023.14.
Abstract:
AbstractThe theory that the people of the early modern period slept in well-defined segments of ‘first’ and ‘second’ sleeps has been highly influential in both scholarly literature and mainstream media over the past twenty years. Based on a combination of scientific, anthropological and textual evidence, the segmented sleep theory has been used to illuminate discussions regarding important aspects of early modern nocturnal culture; mainstream media reports, meanwhile, have proposed segmented sleep as a potentially ‘natural’ and healthier alternative to consolidated blocks of sleep. In this article, I re-examine the scientific, anthropological and early modern literary sources behind the segmented sleep theory and ask if the evidence might support other models of early modern sleep that are not characterised by segmentation, while acknowledging that construction of such models is by nature limited and uncertain. I propose a more diverse range of interpretations of early modern texts related to sleep, with important implications for medical and social history and literary scholarship.
26
Aasim, Shahzad. "Harmonizing Sleep: Exploring the Multifaceted Role of Music Therapy in Sleep Health." International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR) 13, no. 3 (March 5, 2024): 662–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.21275/sr24309150602.
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Miller, Dean J., Gregory D. Roach, Michele Lastella, Aaron T. Scanlan, Clint R. Bellenger, Shona L. Halson, and Charli Sargent. "A Validation Study of a Commercial Wearable Device to Automatically Detect and Estimate Sleep." Biosensors 11, no. 6 (June 8, 2021): 185. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios11060185.
Abstract:
The aims of this study were to: (1) compare actigraphy (ACTICAL) and a commercially available sleep wearable (i.e., WHOOP) under two functionalities (i.e., sleep auto-detection (WHOOP-AUTO) and manual adjustment of sleep (WHOOP-MANUAL)) for two-stage categorisation of sleep (sleep or wake) against polysomnography, and; (2) compare WHOOP-AUTO and WHOOP-MANUAL for four-stage categorisation of sleep (wake, light sleep, slow wave sleep (SWS), or rapid eye movement sleep (REM)) against polysomnography. Six healthy adults (male: n = 3; female: n = 3; age: 23.0 ± 2.2 yr) participated in the nine-night protocol. Fifty-four sleeps assessed by ACTICAL, WHOOP-AUTO and WHOOP-MANUAL were compared to polysomnography using difference testing, Bland–Altman comparisons, and 30-s epoch-by-epoch comparisons. Compared to polysomnography, ACTICAL overestimated total sleep time (37.6 min) and underestimated wake (−37.6 min); WHOOP-AUTO underestimated SWS (−15.5 min); and WHOOP-MANUAL underestimated wake (−16.7 min). For ACTICAL, sensitivity for sleep, specificity for wake and overall agreement were 98%, 60% and 89%, respectively. For WHOOP-AUTO, sensitivity for sleep, wake, and agreement for two-stage and four-stage categorisation of sleep were 90%, 60%, 86% and 63%, respectively. For WHOOP-MANUAL, sensitivity for sleep, wake, and agreement for two-stage and four-stage categorisation of sleep were 97%, 45%, 90% and 62%, respectively. WHOOP-AUTO and WHOOP-MANUAL have a similar sensitivity and specificity to actigraphy for two-stage categorisation of sleep and can be used as a practical alternative to polysomnography for two-stage categorisation of sleep and four-stage categorisation of sleep.
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Fatihuddin, Muh. "Penafsiran Ayat-Ayat Tidur Sebagai Kematian Kecil Dalam Kitab Tafsir Mafatih Al-Ghaib." Al-Misykah: Jurnal Studi Al-qur'an dan Tafsir 3, no. 1 (June 30, 2022): 82–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.19109/almisykah.v3i1.13012.
Abstract:
Sleep is a very important activity for human life, sleep itself is a state in which the spirit is grasped by God and returned when he awakens, and has similarities with the death that is both held by God. In the Qur'an there are many verses about sleep that equate to death. This study discusses sleep as a small death perspective of the Qur'an using his analysis Fakhr al-Di@n al-Ra>zi@ in the book of Mafa>ti@h{ al-Ghayb. The author found that there are two verses that are in accordance with the research, namely in surat al-An'a>m verse 60 and az-Zumar verse 42. From the results of the study revealed that sleep is a condition in which a person's sense of taste is lost from the body so that the sense of birth does not perform activities. And sleep is also a state in which God grasps the spirit of a person who sleeps and is restored upon awakening. Sleep is a type with dead that distinguishes is if the person who sleeps his spirit is cut off imperfectly, while when in a dead position his spirit is cut off perfectly. According to other mufassir that sleep is a condition in which his spirit can meet with other spirits it is not separated from god's will. Related to all that is a super natural thing that must be believed. While the implication of the interpretation is a person who is in a state of sleep he is still burdened with abomination, and doing it is when he has awakened. And there is no obligation to compensate when someone is in a sleep condition doing damage.
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Gunawan, Stephanie E., Anak Agung Ayu Putri Laksmidewi, Anna M. Gelgel, I. Made Oka Adnyana, Desak Ketut Indrasari Utami, and I. Gusti Ngurah Budiarsa. "The analysis of determinants of shift nurses’ sleep quality during the COVID-19 pandemic at Sanglah general hospital Denpasar." International Journal of Advances in Medicine 8, no. 4 (March 23, 2021): 486. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-3933.ijam20211045.
Abstract:
Background: Fatigue and sleepiness experienced by nurses can put them at risk of making mistakes in medication administration and clinical judgment. In addition, fatigue and sleepiness can also lead to increased emotions towards co-workers, jeopardize their own safety, especially on the way home from work, and can reduce patient care.Methods: This study used an analytical research method with a cross-sectional study, involving 91 shift nurses. It was carried out by conducting interviews during the first break of the first morning cycle after holiday.Results: Results of this study indicated that all sociodemographic variables did not show significant differences with sleep quality variable with a significance level of p>0.05. There was also no relationship between physical activity and caffeine intake and sleep quality. Moreover, there was no significant difference between physical illness and sleep quality. Sleep quality (Pittsburgh sleep quality index/PSQI) and sleepiness level score (Karolinska sleepiness scale/KSS) showed no significant relationship with p<0.05. KSS was divided into 2 including non-sleepy state (1-6) and sleepy state (7-9).4 Insignificant relationship was also shown between sleep quality score (PSQI) and fatigue level score (fatigue severity scale/FSS). Importantly, insignificant relationship was shown between sleep quality score and hospital anxiety and depression scale. In addition, there was only work unit in COVID-19 isolation room which had a significant relationship to sleep quality compared to non-isolation room with a significance level of p<0.05. Conclusions: Based on results of this study, it can be concluded that work unit in COVID-19 isolation room had a relationship with sleep quality of shift nurses who work in the unit.
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Kumar Tiwari, Dharmendra, Narendra Kumar Verma, and Jitendra Singh Kirar. "Using Power Reduction Techniques, a Comparison of Differential and Latch Type Sense Amplifier Circuits." Journal of Futuristic Sciences and Applications 5, no. 1 (2022): 11–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.51976/jfsa.512202.
Abstract:
Researchers have investigated several different sense amplifiers’ yield and other quantitative features. Amplification is required for various power-saving methods, including the sleep transistor, the sleep stack, the sleepy keeper, and others. This study aims to evaluate how much energy is consumed by the many different sense amplifier topologies. Simulations have shown that adopting a sleep transistor approach can significantly reduce the amount of power lost even while operating at 1.2V.
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Hanggara, Pramudita, Ade Septian Alfianto, Louis Putra Purnama, and Ivan Tanra. "Portable Low-Cost Home Sleep Monitor using Wemos D1 Mini." Advance Sustainable Science, Engineering and Technology 6, no. 2 (April 30, 2024): 02402025. http://dx.doi.org/10.26877/asset.v6i2.18435.
Abstract:
Sleeps disorders are a common disease overlooked by many people. Sleep disorder have many types and kinds and often associated with other severe illness such as diabetes, stroke, obesity and many others. Sleep monitors are one of many ways to read all parameters related to sleep and detect sleep disorders the subject has, however access to sleep monitor still expensive and tough to come by. Because of that accessibility, countless development of home sleep monitor occured around the world. However, most of that device still hard to operate and some of them gives error readings of parameters. Based on this, a portable low-cost home sleep monitor was developed using Wemos D1 mini as a microcontroller, MAX30102 as an oxygen level sensor, MPU6050 as an accelerometer, DS18B20 as a breathing flow sensor, and MAX9814 as a microphone. Each of the sensors read and give value to microcontroller and store the data to cloud and display the result in user’s gadget. The aim of this development is to detect sleep disorders associated with each reading of sensors used and determine sleep quality as an early detection of symptoms before referring to professional relaled to sleep disorders or doctors.
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Williams, Natasha J., Chimene Castor, Azizi Seixas, Joseph Ravenell, and Girardin Jean-Louis. "Sleep Disorders and Symptoms in Blacks with Metabolic Syndrome: the Metabolic Syndrome Outcome Study (MetSO)." Ethnicity & Disease 28, no. 3 (July 12, 2018): 193. http://dx.doi.org/10.18865/ed.28.3.193.
Abstract:
<p class="Pa7"><strong>Introduction: </strong>Sleep disturbance is a major public health issue and is comorbid with the cluster of conditions associated with metabolic syndrome (MetS). Our study explored the presence of sleep disturbance, including daytime sleepiness, the risk for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), and insomnia symptoms, in a cohort of adult Black men and women with MetS.</p><p class="Pa7"><strong>Methods: </strong>Patients (n=1,013) from the Metabolic Syndrome Outcome Study (MetSO), 2009-2012, met criteria for MetS based on guidelines from the National Cholesterol Education Program’s Adult Treatment Panel and provided sociodemographic data and the Apnea Risk Evaluation System (ARES) questionnaire to assess OSA risk, sleep characteristics, and physician-reported diagnosis of a sleep disorder.</p><p class="Pa7"><strong>Results: </strong>Prevalence of the components of MetS included: diabetes (60%); obesity (67%); hypertension (94%); and dyslipidemia (74%). Based on the ARES, 49% were at risk for OSA. Of all study patients, slightly more than half (53%) reported feeling sleepy during the day, and 10% reported an insomnia diagnosis. The most common sleep disturbance reported by 46% of the patients was early morning awakenings (EMA). This was closely followed by 42% who reported difficulty staying asleep (DSA) and 38% reporting difficulty falling asleep (DFA). Seventy percent reported short sleep (≤ 6 hours), whereas a minority (19%) reported long sleep (≥ 9 hours). Only 12% used sleep aids. Women, compared with men, reported greater daytime sleepiness, greater DFA, and greater DSA (57% vs 45%; 41% vs 32.4%; 45% vs 37%), respectively.</p><p class="Default"><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Blacks with MetS reported insomnia symptoms and insomnia disorder, use of sleep aids, feeling sleepy during the day, and inadequate sleep durations. The presence of these sleep characteristics suggests that patients with MetS should be referred for further sleep assessment. <em></em></p><p class="Default"><em>Ethn Dis. </em>2018;28(3):193-200; doi:10.18865/ ed.28.3.193</p>
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Arbune, Manuela, Irina-Magdalena Dumitru, and Mariana Cretu-Stuparu. "Characteristics of sleep disorders in Romanian adults infected with human immunodeficiency virus." ARS Medica Tomitana 23, no. 3 (August 28, 2017): 126–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/arsm-2017-0022.
Abstract:
AbstractSleep disorders commonly occur in chronic diseases and are a great impairment on the quality of life. The current study aims to characterize the sleep problems of a group of Romanian HIV positive patients. A cross sectional study assessed sleep disorders by a series of self-report questionnaires: STOP-BANG, Epworth Sleep Questionnaire and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Demographic data, antiretroviral therapy, Lymphocytes CD4 levels were collected from medical records. Exclusion criteria were illiteracy, severe neurocognitive dysfunction and depression. We included 102 patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus, age between 22 and 50, sex ratio M/F=1.17. Reported conditions related to sleep disorders were: smoking (50%), hypertension (18%), obesity (6%) and snoring (7%). The STOP-BANG scale indicated 19% intermediate risk and 2% high risk of sleep apnea. According to Epworth score, daytime sleepiness was found in 18% of patients, 2% of them were dangerously sleepy. The average global score of Pittsburg Sleep Questionnaire is indicative of poor sleep quality in 42% cases. No correlation of sleep scores with antiretroviral regimens was found. Sleep problems with negative impact on daily functioning are frequent under age 50, in patients with human immunodeficiency virus. The management of chronic co-morbidities and psychological support should improve sleep disorders related to human immunodeficiency virus.
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Cerqueira, Ana Carolina Dantas Rocha, Maria Vera Lúcia Moreira Leitão Cardoso, Tamires Rebeca Forte Viana, and Márcia Maria Coelho Oliveira Lopes. "Integrative literature review: sleep patterns in infants attending nurseries." Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem 71, no. 2 (April 2018): 424–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2016-0480.
Abstract:
ABSTRACT Objective: To identify evidence available in the literature about sleep patterns of infants attending nurseries. Method: An integrative review of studies published in Portuguese, English or Spanish available in full text on LILACS, CINAHL, and PubMed databases. The following descriptors sono, lactente and creches or berçários (in Portuguese) and sleep, infant and childcare or nurseries were used for LILACS, CINAHL and Pubmed, respectively. Nine studies were selected and analyzed. Results: The main component explored in the studies about sleep pattern is the sleep position of the infants, due to its association with sudden infant death syndrome. The results pointed to the need to promote and develop written guidelines regarding behavioral practices to reduce the risk of this phenomenon. Conclusion: Evidence has identified sleep issues, mainly regarding the sleep position of the infant and the environment where the infant sleeps, showing that it is critical to set routines and interventions to improve the quality of sleep care of infants attending nurseries.
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Bolton, Clare, and Kirstie Anderson. "Sleep Drivers." Advances in Clinical Neuroscience & Rehabilitation 20, no. 2 (March 2020): 10–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.47795/opws3033.
Abstract:
Driving while sleepy can have devastating consequences, but it is an under-recognised problem often associated with behavioural factors, medical conditions or medications. All drivers have a responsibility not to drive if sleepy and there are DVLA regulations restricting driving for patients with certain sleep disorders who are at risk of excessive sleepiness at the wheel. However, sleepiness can be difficult for patient and doctor to assess and guidelines open to interpretation. As doctors it is important we give consistent and reliable advice to patients who may be at risk when driving. This review suggests how to assess driving risk, educate patients about risk reduction, and clarifies DVLA guidelines in this area.
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H.S., Siddalingaiah, Chandrakala D., and Amarjeet Singh. "Sleep pattern, sleep problems and comorbidities among resident doctors at a tertiary care institution in India: a cross sectional study." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 4, no. 12 (November 23, 2017): 4477. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20175165.
Abstract:
Background: Sleep problems are a major concern in population working under stress such as resident doctors. Sleep has many health benefits; sleep problems are linked with short and long term adverse health outcomes. Aim was to study sleep pattern, problems and comorbidities among resident doctors. Methods: A cross-sectional study design with a pre-validated sleep assessment proforma was used to collect information on socio-demographics, sleep pattern, sleep problems and comorbidities from 428 resident doctors found eligible for the study. Results: 350 subjects returned the filled proforma (82% response rate). Mean daily sleep hours were 6.21 (SD, 1.39) and work hours 12.77 (SD, 3.63). Sleep time was night in 64.6%, day in 12%, and both in 23.4%. Monthly average of 5.8 night shifts and 2.03 duty offs were found. Visual analogue scale (0-10) mean scores for sleepiness and tiredness were 4.41 (SD, 2.55; 95% CI, 4.14-4.68; P<0.01) and 4.73 (SD, 2.62; 95% CI, 4.45-5.00; P<0.01) respectively. Presence of different symptoms related to sleep problems ranged from 7 to 26% and various problems interfering with sleep ranged from 10 to 25%. Comorbidities such as allergy (29.4%), jerky legs (24.3%), sinus infections (22.8%), restless leg syndrome (16.3%), snoring (8.3%), asthma/lung diseases (5.8%), chronic diseases (3.4%), severe snoring disturbing others (1.8%), and obstructive sleep apnoea (0.9%) were present. Conclusions: Sleep problems were highly prevalent among resident doctors. The resident doctors were sleep-deprived, overworked, tired, excessively sleepy, and had significant presence of factors affecting circadian rhythm and sleep fragmentation. Various comorbidities were also present with varying prevalence.
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Seto Pramudita and Rasmi Rikmasari. "Treatment of mild obstructive sleep apnea using twin block oral appliance." Journal of Dentomaxillofacial Science 8, no. 3 (December 1, 2023): 200–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.15562/jdmfs.v8i3.1405.
Abstract:
Objective: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a condition where obstruction of upper airways appears periodically while patient asleep that can be complete (apnea) or partially (hypopnea). This condition is most common on male population with obese body. A prosthodontist can try to help by providing oral appliances (OA) for patient to use while they were asleep. OA were designed to thrust mandible forward and downward so that minimalize the chance for obstruction of upper airways to occur. Case Report: A forty years old patient was complaining about his bad sleep quality. He stated that he often awakens gasping for air while sleeping for almost 3 months, he also stated that he felt exhausted and sleepy during daytime. Patient then prompted to undergo sleep test using home sleep test device ApneaLink Air from Resmed. According to the data gathered by the device, patient was diagnosed having mild sleep apnea and then treated with OA twin block. Result: Patient felt improvement on his sleep quality, even though home sleep test while using oral appliance had not been done. Conclusion: Oral appliance can be used to improve patient with mild obstructive sleep apnea sleep cycle.
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Cowan, Robert. "Cinna’s Trouser Snake – or the Biter Bit? Alternative Interpretations of Cinna fr. 12FRP." Antichthon 48 (2014): 95–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0066477400004767.
Abstract:
AbstractThe only extant choliambic line by Cinna, comparing some action to a Psyllus doing something to an asp, is preserved by Aulus Gellius to illustrate that the adjectivesomniculosuscan have the causative sense ‘sleep-inducing’ as well as the active one of ‘sleepy’. If Gellius is correct, then the simile’s missing verb is likely to have one of the Psylli, famed for their ability to lull snakes to sleep, doing just that to a ‘sleep-inducing asp’. The situation which would be compared to this must be that of someone receiving a taste of their own medicine. This would also account for the Psyllus’ imprecise epithetPoenus, which would pun onpoena. If Gellius is wrong, andsomniculosusmeans ‘sleepy’ as in almost all other instances in Latin, the combination of snake and sleep imagery, which can be paralleled separately in other texts, with the abusive choliambic metre might suggest that what is being compared to the asp is the flaccid penis of an impotent man.
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Hale, Deborah, and Katherine Marshall. "Sleep and Sleep Hygiene." Home Healthcare Now 37, no. 4 (2019): 227. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/nhh.0000000000000803.
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HONDA, Kazuki. "Sleep and Sleep Substances." Kagaku To Seibutsu 41, no. 11 (2003): 713–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1271/kagakutoseibutsu1962.41.713.
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Walker, Matthew. "Sleep the good sleep." New Scientist 236, no. 3147 (October 2017): 30–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0262-4079(17)32022-5.
42
Inoué, Shojiro. "Sleep and sleep substances." Brain and Development 8, no. 4 (January 1986): 469–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0387-7604(86)80071-7.
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MacLusky, Ian. "Sleep and Sleep Disturbance." Pediatric Dermatology 15, no. 4 (March 16, 2009): 324–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1525-1470.1998.tb01351.x.
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Nicholson, A. N., and Peta A. Pascoe. "Paradoxical sleep (rapid eye movement sleep, fast-wave sleep) and sleep continuity." Drugs 38, Supplement 1 (1989): 4–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00003495-198900381-00004.
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Sawa, Satomi, Michikazu Sekine, and Masaaki Yamada. "Social and Family Factors as Determinants of Sleep Habits in Japanese Elementary School Children: A Cross-Sectional Study from the Super Shokuiku School Project." Children 8, no. 2 (February 5, 2021): 110. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children8020110.
Abstract:
This study explored the associations of lifestyle, familial, and social factors with sleep habits in 1882 elementary school children, aged 6–13 years, from the Super Shokuiku School Project in January 2016. A survey assessed sex, grade, sleep habits, lifestyle, social background, and parental lifestyle. Bedtime “≥22:00,” wake-up time “≥07:00,” sleep duration “<8 h,” and “daytime sleepiness” were defined as poor sleep habits; correlates were analyzed using logistic regression. Skipping breakfast was consistently significantly associated with poor sleep, especially among children with late wake-up times (adjusted odds ratio 5.45; 95% confidence interval 3.20–9.30). Excessive screen time was associated with late bed and wake-up times. Physical inactivity was significantly associated with daytime sleepiness. Children of mothers with poor lifestyle habits were likely to go to bed late and feel sleepy the next day. Social and family factors were associated with children’s sleep habits. Several behaviors, including skipping breakfast, excessive screen time, and physical inactivity, were associated with poor sleep habits, manifesting as a night-oriented lifestyle. Although a longitudinal study is needed to determine causality, in addition to sleep education for children, sleep education for parents and society at large may be necessary to improve children’s sleep habits.
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Martorina, Wagner, and Almir Tavares. "Real-World Data in Support of Short Sleep Duration with Poor Glycemic Control, in People with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus." Journal of Diabetes Research 2019 (May 21, 2019): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/6297162.
Abstract:
Aims. Sleep duration (SD) has been associated with metabolic outcomes. Is there an independent association between short/long SD and glycemic control (GC) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) outpatients, compared to intermediate SD? Employing up-to-date definitions of SD, we comprehensively considered, simultaneously, all known confounding/mediating factors that recently emerged in the literature: age, gender, diet, physical activity, obesity, night pain, nocturnal diuresis, sleep quality, chronotype, sleep apnea, depressive symptoms, alcohol, caffeine, tobacco, number of endocrinologist appointments, T2DM family history, and sleep medication. Methods. A cross-sectional study of 140 consecutive T2DM outpatients, ages 40-65, glycohemoglobin HbA1c goal≤7. We searched for variables (including HbA1c) significantly associated with short (<6 hours) or long (>8 hours) SD, in comparison to intermediate SD (6-8 hours). Results. Higher HbA1c levels increased the chance of belonging to the group that sleeps <6 hours (p≤0.001). Better sleep quality, nocturnal diuresis, and morningness increased the chance of belonging to the group that sleeps >8 hours (p<0.05). Conclusions. There is an independent association between short SD and elevated HbA1c, in real-world T2DM outpatients. Future interventional studies could evaluate weather consistent, long-term sleep extension, from <6 hours to 7–9 hours per 24 hours, improves GC in T2DM outpatients.
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Kim, Ki-Bong, Hyun-Ho Sung, Sang-Nam Park, Bok-Jo Kim, and Chang-Eun Park. "Correlation between Sleep Disorders and Sleepy Drivers." Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science 47, no. 4 (December 31, 2015): 216–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.15324/kjcls.2015.47.4.216.
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Krizan, Zlatan, and Garrett Hisler. "Sleepy anger: Restricted sleep amplifies angry feelings." Journal of Experimental Psychology: General 148, no. 7 (July 2019): 1239–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/xge0000522.
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Roehrs, Timothy, Victoria Timms, Ardith Zwyghuizen-Doorenbos, and Thomas Roth. "Sleep Extension in Sleepy and Alert Normals." Sleep 12, no. 5 (September 1989): 449–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/12.5.449.
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Fernandes, Guilherme, Paula Araujo, Sergio Tufik, and Monica Andersen. "0009 Interindividual variation and extended wakefulness in sleepiness after acute and chronic sleep deprivation." Sleep 45, Supplement_1 (May 25, 2022): A4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsac079.008.
Abstract:
Abstract Introduction Sleepiness is a behavioural consequence of sleep pressure and is associated with negative outcomes with interindividual variation, possibly related to central sleep mechanisms. However, there is a lack of evidence linking progressive sleep need and sleepiness with factors of individual variability, which could be tested by total acute and chronic sleep deprivation. Thus, the objective of the study was to investigate the development of sleepiness in sleep deprived mice. Methods Male C57BL/6J mice were distributed in sleep deprivation, sleep rebound and control groups. Animals underwent acute sleep deprivation for 3, 6, 9 or 12 hours or chronic sleep deprivation for 6 hours for 5 consecutive days. Sleep rebound groups had a sleep opportunity for 1, 2, 3, or 4 hours after acute sleep deprivation or 24 hours after chronic sleep deprivation. During the protocols, sleep attempts were counted to calculate a sleepiness index. After euthanasia, blood was collected for corticosterone assessment. Results Using the average of group sleep attempts, it was possible to differentiate between sleepy (mean>group average) and resistant animals (mean<group average). Resistant mice were more frequent in all settings. Individual variation accounted for 52% of sleepiness variance during chronic sleep deprivation and extended wakefulness explained 68% of sleepiness variance during acute sleep deprivation. A normal corticosterone peak was observed at the start of the dark phase, independent of sleep deprivation. Conclusion Different profiles of sleepiness emerged in sleep deprived mice. Sleep deprivation was the main factor for sleepiness during acute sleep deprivation whereas in chronic deprivation individual variation was more relevant. Support (If Any) Our studies are supported by the following funding agencies: AFIP (Associação Fundo de Incentivo à Pesquisa), São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP #2017/18455-5 to GLF), Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - Brasil (CAPES - Finance Code 001 to GLF), and CNPq (fellowships to MLA and ST; #169040/2017-8, and #141445/2021-1 to GLF). This study received indirect funding from AFIP and CNPq, which support the department in which the project was conducted.