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Alamian, Arsham, Liang Wang, Amber M. Hall, Melanie Pitts, and Joseph Ikekwere. "Infant Sleep Problems and Childhood Overweight: Effects of Three Definitions of Sleep Problems." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2016. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/1375.
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Sleep problems have been defined using a variety of definitions. No study has assessed the longitudinal association between infant sleep problems and childhood overweight or obesity using existing definitions of sleep problems. This study used longitudinal data (n=895) from the multi-site Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development (SECCYD) to investigate the effects of infant sleep problems on childhood weight status in Grade 6. Infants with sleep problems in Phase I (1991) and with complete data through Phase III (2004) of SECCYD were included. Sleep problems were assessed using maternal reports of night wakings and duration of a waking episode. Sleep problems were defined using Richman (1981), Lozoff et al. (1985), and Zuckerman et al. (1987) definitions. Multinomial logistic regression was used to examine the association between sleep problems during infancy and childhood weight status in Grade 6 while controlling for birth weight, race, sex, breastfeeding, maternal poverty, family structure, and maternal education. After adjusting for all covariates, children with a history of sleep problems were found to be overweight in Grade 6 using Zukerman et al. (Odds ratio (OR)=1.68; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.11–2.55) and Richman (OR=1.76; 95% CI: 1.05–2.97) definitions, but not using Lozoff et al. definition. Infant sleep problems were not found to be associated with being obese. The study found differential effects of infant sleep problems on childhood overweight in Grade 6 per different definitions of sleep problems. Findings highlight the need to construct a single definition of infant sleep problems.
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Sneddon, Penny L. "Sleep Problems in Young Children With and Without Behavior Problems." DigitalCommons@USU, 2007. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/6127.
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There are numernus social, emotional, and behavioral problems toddlers and preschool children can exhibit. Some of the more common problems reported by parents of young children are daytime behavior problems and sleep disturbances. This study investigated sleep difficulties in toddler and preschool-age children with (n = 31) and without (n = 59) significant behavior problems. Furthermore, the current study investigated the relationship between sleep difficulties and other psychological constructs (i.e., maternal general stress, maternal depression, and parenting stress), which might be related to sleep and behavior problems. Mothers of clinically referred children with behavior problems and nonclinically referred children without behavior problems completed measures regarding their children's sleep and behavior as well as their own general stress, parenting stress, and depressive symptomology.
Overall, children with behavior problems showed significantly more sleep difficulties than children without behavior problems. Specifically, when compared to children without behavior problems, children with behavior problems took more time to initiate sleep, showed increased bedtime resistance, had more night wakings, and had shorter sleep durations. Additionally, the results showed that other factors (i.e., maternal depression, family stress, parent-child relationship stress) likely contribute to and/or maintain sleep disturbances in children. The findings from this study suggest a complex relationship between childhood sleep, daytime externalizing behaviors, and maternal health. Potential clinical implications of these findings and future directions for research are discussed.
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Bisseker, Gabrielle Jayne. "Management of Sleep Problems in Preschoolers." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Health Sciences, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/5329.
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There is minimal research into behavioural interventions for typically developing preschoolers (2-5 years of age) with sleep problems. Often these children are not considered as a distinct developmental group and are incorporated into sleep intervention studies for infants or school-aged children. Yet preschoolers do differ in their language, social and cognitive abilities. The present study examines an intervention tailored to the developmental abilities of four preschool children with sleep problems. It utilised positive reinforcement in order to create a less restrictive intervention than those based on extinction alone. This was combined with a range of other behavioural strategies such as parental presence, standard and graduated extinction to reduce a variety of sleep problems. Problems targeted included bedtime refusal, co-sleeping, night waking and a possible diagnosis of sleep terrors. Behavioural interventions effectively reduced sleep problems in all four participants. Parental report demonstrated acceptance of strategies implemented and satisfaction in intervention outcomes.
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Ksinan, Jiskrova Gabriela. "LONGITUDINAL ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN SLEEP FUNCTIONING AND ADOLESCENT ADJUSTMENT." UKnowledge, 2018. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/hes_etds/65.
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The current dissertation consists of three interrelated studies examining the relationship between sleep functioning and adolescent adjustment. Although links between sleep patterns and internalizing problems and externalizing or problem behaviors in children and adolescents have been established in literature, several gaps remain in this research. This dissertation addressed these by: (a) testing sleep problems, quantity, and chronotype in childhood as predictors of internalizing problems in adolescence (Study 1), (b) testing sleep problems, quantity, and chronotype in childhood as predictors of problem behaviors in adolescence (Study 2), and (c) testing sleep problems and quantity as mediators of the chronotype-adjustment link (Study 3). Latent Growth Modeling (LGM) and Half-longitudinal Path Analysis were used to carry out these studies using a large sample of children part of the European Longitudinal Study of Pregnancy and Childhood (ELSPAC).
Findings from Study 1 and 2 showed that greater sleep problems in early childhood and their slower decrease during childhood predicted higher levels of internalizing problems and problem behaviors in early adolescence. Furthermore, lower sleep quantity in early childhood predicted higher internalizing problems and problem behaviors in early adolescence and a greater increase in problem behaviors in adolescence. Lastly, greater eveningness in early childhood predicted greater increases in problem behaviors during adolescence. Results of Study 3 provided evidence that evening chronotype longitudinally predicted less favorable sleep patterns, including greater sleep problems and lower sleep quantity. However, only sleep problems significantly predicted measures of adjustment, particularly internalizing problems; no effects of sleep quantity on adjustment were found.
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Corkum, Penny. "Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and sleep problems." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0015/NQ45712.pdf.
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Surtees, Andrew D. R. "Sleep problems in children with developmental disorders." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2016. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/6958/.
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This thesis comprises two volumes. The first chapter of Volume One contains a meta-analysis of studies comparing sleep in people with and without intellectual disabilities. The key finding was that people with intellectual disabilities slept for, on average, 23 minutes less each night and experienced poorer sleep quality. Chapter Two details an empirical study of sleep in children with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) and a parent-identified sleep problem. Actigraphy and diary measures found no differences between the children with ASD and a typically developing comparison group. Questionnaires identified numerous sleep problems that were more commonly reported in the children with ASD. Chapter Three is a lay summary of the previous chapters. Volume Two comprises four Case Practice Reports. Chapter One details the formulation of a 58-year-old man with Obsessive Compulsive Disorder, from Cognitive-Behavioural (CBT) and Systemic perspectives. Chapter Two is a service evaluation of a group intervention for people with Long Term Conditions. Chapter Three is a Single Case Experimental Design to evaluate the effectiveness of a CBT intervention for sleep and mood problems in a 14-year-old girl. Chapter Four is a case study of a behavioural intervention for challenging behaviour with a 26-year-old man with a severe intellectual disability.
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Salater, Julie, and Marthe Røhr. "Parent-Reported Psychological and Sleep Problems in a Preschool-Aged Community Sample: Prevalence of Sleep Problems in Children with and without Emotional/Behavioural Problems." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Fakultet for samfunnsvitenskap og teknologiledelse, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-11727.
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Objective : To examine (a) the prevalence of sleep problems among 4-year-olds in the general population, (b) the prevalence of sleep problems among children with emotional and/or behavioural problems, and (c) whether specific sleep problems are associated with particular emotional/behavioural problems. Method: Using The Preschool Age Psychiatric Assessment (PAPA) , data about sleep and emotional/behavioural problems was obtained from 727 parents of 4-year-olds, recruited for a large-scale research project, Trondhei m Early Secure Study (TESS). Results: 31, 7 % of the 4-year-olds had one or more sleep problems, of which bedtime resistance and sleep terror were the most prevalent. Significantly more children with emotional/behavioural problems had sleep difficulties, compared to children without such problems. The results indicate that children with different types of psychiatric problems may have dissimilar sleep problems. Anxiety was associated with primary insomnia and nightmares; depression with sleep terror, bedtime resistance, difficulty initiating sleep and nightmares; behaviour problems with bedtime resistance, sleep terror and restless sleep; and ADHD was associated with sleep terror, restless sleep, primary insomnia and nightmares. Nightmares and sleep terror were prevalent across all the disorder groups. Conclusion: Sleep problems are prevalent among 4-year-olds, especially in children with symptoms of psychiatric disorders. Certain sleep problems seem to be more strongly associated with some psychological problems than others.
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DiPano, Kristina M. "The relationship between anxiety sensitivity and sleep problems." Tallahassee, Fla. : Florida State University, 2009. http://purl.fcla.edu/fsu/lib/digcoll/undergraduate/honors-theses/dipano.
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Dixon, Susan. "Understanding sleep problems in rehabilitation inpatients after stroke." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2012. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/3646/.
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Background and Purpose: Sleep problems are commonly reported by stroke patients. Poor sleep quality can detrimentally impact upon multiple clinical variables, including mood, physical health, cognition and the rehabilitation process itself. However, the relationship between sleep and stroke is complex and not fully understood. Pre-sleep cognitions and pre-sleep arousal have been proposed as contributing factors in sleep disturbance within the general population and this novel study investigates these variables as potential factors associated with sleep post-stroke. Methods: Stroke rehabilitation inpatients (N=21) were classified as good or poor sleepers using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and compared using measures of pre-sleep cognitions and pre-sleep arousal; relevant factors including daytime sleepiness, fatigue, mood and environmental disturbance were also explored. Results: Poor sleepers reported a significantly higher level of pre-sleep cognitions, pre-sleep cognitive arousal, fatigue and mood disturbance than good sleepers. The level of daytime sleepiness and perceptions of environmental disturbance did not differ significantly between groups. Conclusions: This study revealed a high level of poor sleep within the current sample (48%) based on the PSQI and pre-sleep cognitions and cognitive arousal appear potentially important factors in sleep quality post-stroke. Theoretical and practical implications and future directions for research are discussed.
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Boban, Sharolin. "Sleep problems and their management in Rett syndrome." Thesis, Boban, Sharolin (2015) Sleep problems and their management in Rett syndrome. Honours thesis, Murdoch University, 2015. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/30304/.
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Rett syndrome (RTT), a rare but severe neurological disorder is associated with a mutation in the methyl CpG binding protein 2 (MECP2) gene on the X chromosome occurring in 1:9000 live female births. Apparently normal development is followed by a regression in hand and communication skills, and subsequent development of hand stereotypies and abnormal gait. These characteristics are usually accompanied with comorbidities such as sleep problems and scoliosis. Over 80% of RTT individuals have specific sleep problems including night waking and difficulty falling asleep.
Using a cross-sectional survey design, this study explored types of sleeping problems observed and relationships with variables such as age and genotype; and finally investigated specific management strategies. Participants mainly comprised families registered in the International Rett Syndrome Phenotype Database (InterRett) with a child of any age who has a confirmed RTT diagnosis and/or a MECP2 mutation. New families were invited via InterRett Facebook page and parent Listserve RettNet. A web-based questionnaire using freely available software, “REDCap” was developed to collect data. The independent variables tested were age group, mutation type, epilepsy, scoliosis, mobility and uses of sleep hygiene strategies while dependent variables tested include the presence, nature and frequency of sleep problems. Descriptive statistics were used to examine each variables and regression models including simple logistic regression and multinomial logistic regression models were employed to investigate the relationships between phenotype, treatments and sleep problems.
Findings from this study showed sleep problems were more pronounced in RTT cases than in the general population. The prevalence of most sleep problems were higher in younger children and those with a p.Arg294* mutation. Other covariates including severe seizure activity was associated with poor sleep by taking into account the effect of age, mutation type, scoliosis and mobility. Non-pharmacological interventions were more perceived by families as effective in comparison to pharmacological medications.
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Alamian, Arsham, Liang Wang, Melanie Pitts, Joseph Ikekwere, and Amber Hall. "Infant Sleep Problems Increase the Odds of Childhood Overweight at Grade 6: Differential Effects of Commonly used Definitions of Sleep Problems." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2014. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/1400.
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Mizusawa, Risa. "Sleep problems in children with disabilities : behavioural family interventions." Thesis, University of Canterbury. School of Educational Studies and Human Development, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/2358.
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Sleep problems are frequently reported in children and studies indicate that
approximately 15 to 30% of children experience some form of sleep difficulty (Partinen &
Hublin, 2000; Richman, 1981; Zuckerman, Stevenson, & Bailey, 1987). Children's sleep
problems often impact on family members, in particular parents, causing a considerable
amount of stress and frustration. Difficulties with sleep are a common problem for typically
developing children; however, research indicates that the incidence of sleep problems is even
higher in the disabilities population (Didden, Korzillius, van Aperlo, Overloop, & de Vries,
2002; Espie & Tweedie, 1991; Richdale, Francis, Gavidia-Payne, & Cotton, 2000; Saxby &
Morgan, 1983). This has implications for families already under considerable amounts of
stress and pressure of having a child with a disability.
The present study aimed to treat persistent sleep problems in children with disabilities
using family behavioural intervention methods. A range of behavioural strategies was utilised
to reduce sleep problems such as bed refusal, sleep onset delay, night waking, co-sleeping,
and nightmares. Techniques such as a positive bedtime routine, reward systems, the parental
presence programme, standard and modified extinction were used. In one case, a short-term
decremental dose of a mild sedative (trimeprazine tartrate) was used in the initial stages of
implementing a behavioural intervention to reduce child and parent distress. A "fear busting
and monster taming" programme (White, 1985) was employed in conjunction with other
behavioural techniques to reduce the occurrence of nightmares in another child. The results
indicate that behavioural family interventions are effective in treating sleep problems in
children with disabilities. The majority of the sleep behaviours targeted for intervention were
eliminated or reduced to low levels of occurrence with 9 out of 11 target behaviours rated as
showing a substantial improvement. These positives changes were maintained at follow-up
with the exception of co-sleeping in Case Study Two. The social validity for the programmes
was high and caregivers reported satisfaction.
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O'Connell, Rhiannon. "Subjective sleep complaints in individuals with mental health problems." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.323316.
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Sullivan, Daniel P. "Psychological Mechanisms, Interventions, and Clinical Outcomes in Sleep-Related Headaches." Thesis, Griffith University, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/417223.
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Sleep problems are one of the most frequent triggers of primary headaches such as migraine and tension-type headache, second only to stress. Whilst the relationship between various sleep disorders, and poor sleep in general has been well established, to date there has been a paucity of research examining psychological mechanisms of sleep-related headaches. This thesis sought to examine the following research questions about sleep-related headaches, in the context of the discipline of Clinical Psychology: Study One (Chapter Two) – What is causing the problem? What are the psychological mechanisms underpinning sleep-related headaches? Study Two (Chapter Three) – What are the consequences of the problem? Do insomnia, headaches and co-morbid insomnia and headaches predict poor therapeutic response to psychotherapy? Study Three (Chapter Four) – What can we do about the problem? Do psychological sleep interventions help both sleep and headaches? Chapter Five – What does the future hold? Exploring the next directions in sleep and headache research. Study One demonstrated that both maladaptive sleep beliefs and sleep safety behaviours are associated with greater headache frequency, mediated by sleep quality. This study also provided preliminary empirical support for sleep-related triggers in the Trigger Avoidance Model of Headaches. It was found that greater efforts to avoid both inadequate and excessive sleep, and fatigue and tiredness were associated with greater headache frequency, mediated by increased trigger sensitivity. Study Two demonstrated that in adults attending the Griffith University Psychology Clinic, the presence of frequent insomnia or headache symptoms at the initial session was highly predictive of an inadequate response to psychotherapy (remaining clinically symptomatic at the final session of therapy). This effect was found to be even more pronounced in those with both insomnia and headaches. Study Three was a systematic review and meta-analysis, which assessed the literature on the use of psychological sleep interventions for headaches. The review found only four studies which met criteria for inclusion. In pooling the three studies which were suitable for meta-analysis, a random-effects model demonstrated that psychological sleep interventions (such as Cognitive Behaviour Therapy for Insomnia) reduced the frequency, but overall, not the intensity of primary headaches. Given the small number of studies and overall patients included, this should not be considered a conclusive finding. Taken together, the findings of this thesis demonstrate both cognitive and behavioural factors are at play in sleep-related headaches, and that insomnia and headaches may blunt the therapeutic response to psychotherapy. Reassuringly, however, psychological sleep interventions are known to improve sleep, and this thesis found they also reduce headache frequency. This may mitigate some of the negative effects of sleep and headache problems on psychotherapeutic response. Future research directions (discussed in Chapters Five and Six) should examine the role of sleep behaviours in clinical samples of chronic migraine patients, and assess neurophysiologic markers of sleep-related headaches and subsequent response to therapy (such as EEG power spectrum and sleep architecture), and the pursuit of integrative and modular headache treatments tailored to co-occurring conditions/problems. The original contributions to knowledge from this thesis are the implication of maladaptive sleep beliefs in the sleep-headache relationship, that insomnia and headaches impair psychotherapeutic response – an effect which is additive when both occur, and the first systematic review and meta-analysis of psychological sleep interventions for headaches.Thesis (Professional Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy in Clinical Psychology (PhD ClinPsych)
School of Applied Psychology
Griffith Health
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Kellen, Rebecca Margaret. "Sleep Patterns and Chronic Pain." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1991. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc500658/.
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Sleep, emotions and pain are intimately connected,
physiologically, by their location and utilization of the
same brain centers and neurotransmitters. Sleep disturbances
have been clinically observed in chronic pain populations;
yet, no treatment program has formally addressed this aspect
of patient care. It is hypothesized that a pain population
(PN) will differ significantly from a non-injured workforce
(WF) when reviewing quantitative and qualitative sleep data.
This study strongly supports that sleep disturbances and
socioeconomic decrements exist in chronic pain patients.
Forty-seven variables were surveyed and 13 were found to show
significant differences between the groups and seven were
found to discriminate between the PN and WF groups at less than the .0001 level. A discriminant analysis was performed to determine the smallest model which could efficiently classify cases, according to successive root variables. The major discriminators are pain levels, medication, amount of sleep obtained and number of awakenings.
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Thunström, Malena. "Severe Sleep Problems among Infants : A Five-Year Prospective Study." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Women's and Children's Health, 2002. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-1631.
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The aim of this thesis was to explore the prevalence of parentally experienced infant sleep problems, with special interest in severe problems, in a total community sample of 2 518 infants aged between 6 and 18 months. Factors associated with severe sleep problems were sought. Parents reported 16 % of the infants to have difficulties in falling asleep at night, and 30 % to have frequent night waking. Severe sleep problems were associated with frequent night meals, psychosocial problems in the family, exhaustion and depression in the mother, and parental stress. An association with infant difficultness, high activity and problematic behaviour was also found.
In a five-year prospective study a group of children fulfilling specific criteria for severe sleep problems in infancy (N=27) was followed after an interventional sleep programme and compared with a control group regarding sleep characteristics, behaviour and development. One month after an interdisciplinary treatment programme, combining behavioural technique with family work, the average number of times the case babies woke up had diminished from 6.0 to 1.8 times per night. A 92 % rate of improvement was reported.
The changes were stable over time. Comparisons with the controls during five years revealed no significant group difference in sleep characteristics. Concerning behaviour and development, however, there were significant differences. At the age of 5.5 years, seven of the children in the former sleep problem group met the criteria for the diagnosis of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. No control child qualified for the diagnosis.
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Thunström, Malena. "Severe sleep problems among infants : a five-year prospective study /." Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis : Univ.-bibl. [distributör], 2002. http://publications.uu.se/theses/91-554-5201-9/.
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Polaha, Jodi. "The Management of Common Sleep Problems in Pediatric Primary Care." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2010. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/6694.
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Weiner, Courtney L. "Predictors and correlates of sleep-related problems in anxious youth." Thesis, Boston University, 2013. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/12884.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Boston University
PLEASE NOTE: Boston University Libraries did not receive an Authorization To Manage form for this thesis or dissertation. It is therefore not openly accessible, though it may be available by request. If you are the author or principal advisor of this work and would like to request open access for it, please contact us at open-help@bu.edu. Thank you.Anxiety disorders constitute the most common and debilitating mental health disturbance experienced by youth today. Sleep-related problems (SRPs) are highly prevalent among anxious youth and encompass a variety of problems including nighttime fears, insomnia, and refusal to sleep alone. Sleep problems and anxiety have been proposed to have a reciprocal relationship, whereby disturbed sleep increases a child's vulnerability to developing anxiety, and increased anxiety then interferes with sleep. Given that chronic sleep disturbance is associated with a range of behavioral and physical problems in youth and predicts future psychopathology, it is important to elucidate the nature of sleep problems in anxious youth. The present study investigated the relationship between sleep and anxiety utilizing a sample of 101 youth, ages 6-17, with a primary anxiety disorder. Families completed a structured diagnostic interview and self-report questionnaires about child anxiety and mood symptoms, behavior problems, parent psychopathology, and family functioning. Parents also completed the Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ), a measure designed to assess children's sleep habits and problems. The CSHQ covers a range of SRPs in various domains, including bedtime resistance, sleep onset latency, sleep anxiety, night wakings, parasornnias, and daytime sleepiness. Total scores of 41 or greater on the CSHQ are indicative of clinical sleep disturbance. Statistical analyses were conducted to examine the data for differences across demographic and diagnostic variables, using chi-square tests for categorical and t-tests for continuous variables. Hierarchical linear regressions were also performed to determine the unique and linear contributions of child and family characteristics on SRPs. Findings revealed that SRPs were highly prevalent across all anxious youth, but the nature of these problems varied by diagnosis. SRPs also differed as a function of age, with younger children experiencing greater nighttime difficulties and adolescents struggling with more daytime sleepiness. Certain child characteristics, including heightened anxiety sensitivity and severity of depressive symptoms, were found to predict greater SRPs. Several family factors, including impaired family functioning, maternal psychopathology, and parental intrusiveness, were also found to predict SRPs. Taken together, results of the present study suggest that sleep difficulties are widespread among anxious youth and walTant greater research and clinical attention.
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Ali, Nabeel Jawad. "The epidemiology and consequences of sleep and breathing disorders in young children." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.264889.
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Stanley, Brooke Leigh. "Effects of Sleep Habits on Children Displaying Behavioral Problems in School." University of Dayton / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=dayton1311087124.
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Bubu, Omonigho A. Michael. "Sleep and Alzheimer’s disease: A critical examination of the risk that Sleep Problems or Disorders particularly Obstructive Sleep Apnea pose towards developing Alzheimer’s disease." Scholar Commons, 2017. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/7394.
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This dissertation is a critical examination of the relationship between sleep problems and/or disorders, particularly Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) and Alzheimer Disease (AD). First, I conducted an exhaustive systematic review of existing literature, and identified gaps in research that led to specific research aims. For the first aim, I conducted the first ever-published meta-analysis examining sleep, cognitive decline and AD, providing an aggregate effect of sleep on AD. Second, focusing on OSA, I conducted a study examining OSA’s effect on longitudinal changes on AD biomarkers in cognitive normal, MCI and AD subjects, using data from the Alzheimer Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI). Lastly, I conducted a review, integrating over 3 decades of research examining OSA and cognition; OSA and subsequent cognitive decline; and OSA and AD; with particular focus in appreciating the heterogeneity of OSA and its outcomes in distinct age groups.
Results and implications from my research indicate that ample evidence exists linking sleep impairments and circadian regulating mechanisms directly to clinical symptoms in AD. Sleep problems and/or disorders increases your risk of cognitive decline and AD. OSA is associated with increased AD biomarker burden over time, and effects longitudinal changes in these biomarkers, such that OSA subjects progress faster than non-OSA subjects do. OSA may be age-dependent in older adults (60 – 70 years old) and the elderly (70 years and above) and is associated with neurodegenerative diseases particularly, cognitive decline and AD. Intermittent hypoxia and sleep fragmentation are two main processes by which OSA induces neurodegenerative changes. Therefore, clinical interventions aimed at OSA, such as treatment with CPAP or dental appliances, in cognitive normal and MCI patients, could possibly slow the progression of cognitive impairment to AD.
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Samaitienė, Rūta. "Rolando epilepsija sergančių vaikų EEG pakitimų, miego bei elgesio sutrikimų ir klinikinių charakteristikų sąsajos." Doctoral thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2013. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2013~D_20130919_161212-43923.
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Nors Rolando epilepsijai (RE) būdinga gerybinė eiga, dalis sergančiųjų turi miego bei elgesio problemų. Nuosekliai ištyrėme 75 RE sergančius bei 32 lyginamosios grupės nesergančius epilepsija pacientus. Grupės nesiskyrė pagal amžių ir lytį. Suskirstėme sergančiuosius RE į dvi grupes pagal priepuolių pasikartojimą per paskutinius 6 mėnesius. Elgesio sutrikimai buvo vertinami pasitelkiant CBCL (angl. Child Behavior Checklist) klausimyną, miego sutrikimai-pagal vaikų miego sutrikimų skalę (SDSC) (angl. Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children). Vertinome miego ir elgesio problemas bei jų sąsajas su klinikiniais, EEG duomenimis bei vizualinės-motorinės reakcijos laiko duomenimis. Bendradarbiaudami su Vilniaus universiteto Matematikos ir informatikos fakultetu rankiniu ir automatiniu būdu tyrėme pacientų EEG.
Tik tiems RE pacientams, kuriems buvo priepuolių per paskutinius 6 mėn., nustatėme patikimai aukštesnius SDSC klausimyno įverčius (padidintą mieguistumą, kvėpavimo sutrikimus miego metu, miego- budrumo ritmo sutrikimus, ilgesnę miego latenciją) bei patikimai aukštesnius CBCL klausimyno rodiklius (socialinių sunkumų, mąstymo sunkumų, dėmesio sunkumų, agresyvaus elgesio bei bendrų sunkumų skalių įverčius). Elgesio problemos buvo susiję su ilgesne epilepsijos trukme, sunkesniais ir dažnesniais priepuoliais, miego problemomis bei miego EEG pakitimais (>35/min pikų kiekiu bei pikų lokalizacija ir kitose nei centrotemporalinės srityse). Budrumo EEG nustatytas >17/min pikų kiekis buvo... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]Although patients with benign Rolandic epilepsy (RE) exhibit a benign course of the disease, some of them display sleep and behavioural problems. Seventy five patients with RE, aged 6–11 years, were included in this study. The patients were divided into two subgroups according to the presence of seizures over the preceding 6 months. The comparison group comprised 32 patients without epilepsy and with similar characteristics in terms of age and sex. All patients underwent evaluation of sleep (Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children) and behaviour (Lithuanian version of Child Behaviour Checklist). We examined the sleep and behavioural problems in correlation with the clinical data, EEG data, and simple visual-motor reaction time data. We automatically and manually analysed EEG in the collaboration with Vilnius University Faculty of Mathematics and Informatics. Only patients who had had seizures over the preceding 6 months displayed significantly higher scores for sleep problems (disorders of excessive daytime sleepiness, disorders of sleep breathing, and disorders of sleep-wake transition, longer sleep onset latency), and behavioural problems (social problems, thought problems, attention problems, and aggressive behavior) than the patients of the comparison group. Behavioural problems were associated with the longer epilepsy duration, more frequent and more severe seizures, sleep problems and sleep EEG data (spike frequency >35/min and spike focus, spreading to the other than... [to full text]
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Wiggs, Luci. "Sleep problems and daytime behaviour in children with severe learning disabilities." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.320113.
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Presnall, Melissa. "Sleep problems in anxious children : a behavioural family intervention : a dissertation." Thesis, University of Canterbury. School of Educational Studies and Human Development, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/2943.
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This study used a multiple baseline across participants design to examine the relationship
between sleep and anxiety in school-aged children, the effectiveness of a behavioural family
intervention, and the co-existence of depression with children presenting with sleep
disturbances and anxiety symptoms. The families of five school-aged children, three females
and two males that met the selection criteria as having problematic sleep and anxiety
participated in the study. Interventions incorporating a combination of strategies from sleep
and anxiety research were individually designed for each child.
The hypotheses of the study were measured by the use of parent and child sleep
diaries, the Child Behaviour Checklist (CBCL), the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for
Children (STAIC), and the Children's Depression Inventory (CDI) and were administered at
baseline, post-intervention, and follow-up. This study provides preliminary results that
indicate a relationship between sleep and anxiety may occur. The use of a behavioural family
intervention in the treatment of these problems showed mixed results, appearing most
successful in reducing participants' self-ratings of anxieties followed by reductions in parental
presence and sleep onset latency. The co-occurrence of depression was indicated and
symptoms decreased for those children whose sleep behaviours and anxiety problems
improved. The limitations of this study and implications for future research and professional
practice are discussed.
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Havlíková, Eva. "Fatigue, mood disorders and sleep problems in patients with Parkinson's disease." [S.l. : [Groningen : s.n.] ; University Libarary Groningen] [Host], 2008. http://irs.ub.rug.nl/ppn/.
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French, Rachel B. "Health and behavioral problems associated with symptoms of pediatric sleep disorders." [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2008. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0002767.
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Wang, Liang, and Arsham Alamian. "Child’s Sleep Problems and Risk of Childhood Overweight: A Longitudinal Study." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2013. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/1402.
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Creanor, Victoria C. "Attentional-bias to sleep-related stimuli in children with sleep-problems : an investigation using an induced-change-blindness paradigm." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2011. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/2931/.
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Introduction. High prevalence-rates of childhood sleep-problems have highlighted the importance to understand what causes/maintains them. Attentional-bias (AB), a phenomenon involved in psychological problem-maintenance, involves attention becoming skewed towards problem-specific stimuli. Research into AB in childhood psychological-problems is now growing. Other research shows parental health-beliefs to be influential on their children's health. Method. Using an induced-change-blindness flicker paradigm, the current study investigates AB to sleep-related stimuli in children with sleep-problems aged 6-11, while correlational-analysis examines the relationship between parental health-beliefs and effort made to address children's sleep-problems. Results. All children detected sleep-related changes quicker than neutral changes. Of those completing the sleep-related task, good sleepers were quicker, while of those completing the neutral task, poor sleepers were quicker. The more parents believed they could influence their own health-status, the more effort they made to address their child's health-problem. Discussion. Potential theories for the results are presented in addition to methodological flaws, limitations and general conclusions.
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Morfiri, Eleni. "Prevalence and types of sleep problems in head injury patients in rehabilitation." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2013. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/4694/.
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Background: The prevalence of sleep problems in head injury (HI) patients in the community is high. Previous research suggests that HI patients with sleep problems require longer stays in rehabilitation units and that arousal disturbance disrupts engagement with rehabilitation activities. The present study explored the prevalence and types of sleep problem in patients with severe HI undergoing inpatient rehabilitation and whether sleep problems affect rehabilitation. Methods: Actigraphy, a semi-structured sleep interview, and validated sleep measures were used to identify sleep problems (n=23). Information on rehabilitation, including percentage of goal achievement, frequency of aggressive behaviour, and engagement was collected retrospectively from staff and rehabilitation notes. Relevant factors including daytime sleepiness, fatigue, mood, and pain were explored. Results: Fifteen participants (65.2%) had sleep problems, of which ten (43.8%) met diagnostic criteria for a sleep disorder, whereas in five cases (21.7%) no potential cause for participants’ sleep problems was identified. Sleep disorders in the sample were insomnia (21.7%), post-traumatic hypersomnia (8.7%), circadian rhythm disorder(8.7%), sleep apnoea (4.3%), periodic limb movement disorder (4.3%), and rhythmic movement disorder (4.3%). Sleep quality was not significantly associated with rehabilitation variables, but was estimated by senior staff as interfering with rehabilitation in 26% of the sample.Poor sleep quality was associated with greater anxiety, fatigue, and daytime sleepiness. Conclusions: The majority of HI patients had sleep problems based on actigraphy and validated sleep measures. Poor sleep was associated with mood and arousal problems. Sleep problems may negatively affect the rehabilitation process and patients’ wellbeing. However, the current study was not sufficiently powered to detect significant associations between sleep and rehabilitation. Due to the small sample size, these results are preliminary.
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Fakier, Nuraan. "The association between sleep problems, learning disabilities and substance use in adolescence." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/10480.
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Includes bibliographical references (leaves 90-112)The current study focused on investigating the relationship between sleep problems, learning disabilities and substance use in adolescence. The literature suggests that adolescents with learning disabilities are more vulnerable to engaging in risk behaviours than adolescents who do not have learning disabilities. Early childhood sleep problems also seem to be a robust marker for substance use in adolescence. The prevalence of sleep problems among adolescents is increasing and is particularly high among those with learning disabilities.
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Peterman, Jeremy Scott. "The Effects of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Youth Anxiety on Sleep Problems." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2016. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/401478.
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PsychologyPh.D.
Research supports shared neurological, cognitive, and environmental features among youth with sleep-related problems (SRPs) and anxiety. Despite overlap in interventions for SRPs and anxiety, little is known about the secondary benefit on SRPs following anxiety-focused treatment. The present study examined whether SRPs improved following cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) for youth with anxiety disorders. It also examined whether variables that may link anxiety and sleep problems (e.g. pre-sleep arousal, family accommodation, sleep hygiene) changed across treatment, and whether said changes predicted SRPs at posttreatment. Youth were diagnosed with anxiety at pretreatment and received weekly CBT that targeted their principal anxiety diagnosis at one of two specialty clinics (N = 69 completers, Mage = 10.86, 45% males). Youth completed a sleep diary between pretreatment and session one and again one week prior to posttreatment. All other measures were administered in the first session and at the posttreatment assessment. Results indicated that parent-reported SRPs improved from pre- to post-treatment and that treatment responders yielded greater improvement than nonresponders. Specific areas of bedtime resistance and sleep anxiety showed significant improvement. Youth reported lower rates of SRPs and no pre- to post-treatment changes. Pre-sleep arousal and parental accommodation decreased over treatment but did not predict lower SRPs at posttreatment. However, higher accommodation positively correlated with greater SRPs. Sleep hygiene evidenced no change and did not mediate accommodation and posttreatment SRPs. Clinical implications for the treatment of anxious youth are discussed and suggestions for future research are offered.
Temple University--Theses
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Min, Yaena. "The Effect of Sleep Medication Use and Poor Sleep Quality on Risk of Falls in Community-Dwelling Older Adults." VCU Scholars Compass, 2014. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/3622.
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The work presented in this dissertation focuses on the association between sleep medication use, poor sleep, and falls in community-dwelling adults 65 years or older. Sleep complaints and the consumption of medications to aid sleep are common in older adults. Psychotropic medications, such as sedative hypnotics, are associated with risk of falls in older adults. However, very few studies have assessed the impact of poor sleep and sleep medication use on the risk of falls in community-dwelling older adults. In the first project, a cross-sectional analysis of the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) 2010 data was conducted to determine the prevalence of sleep problems, sleep medication use and falls; and to evaluate the association between sleep problems, sleep medication use, and falls in community-dwelling older adults. A multiple logistic model adjusted for covariates was used. In the sample of community-dwelling older adults, 35.8% had reported a fall and 40.8% had reported sleep problems in the past two years. Sleep medication use was reported by 20.9% of the older adults. Older adults who had sleep problems and took sleep medications had a significantly higher risk of falls compared with older adults who did not have sleep problems and did not take sleep medications. The other two groups, older adults who had sleep problems and did not take sleep medications, and those who did not have sleep problems and took sleep medications also had a significantly greater risk for falls. The second project was a prospective cohort study of independently-living older adults from senior congregate housing. The effect of combined poor sleep quality and sleep medication use on risk of falls was assessed using logistic regression modeling. In this study of 113 community-dwelling older adults, 46.9% had at least one fall, and 62.8% had poor sleep quality. Sleep medication use was reported by 44.2% of the older adults. Older adults with poor sleep quality and sleep medication use had a significantly increased risk of falls compared with older adults with good sleep quality and no sleep medication use. Older adults with good sleep quality and sleep medication use, and those with poor sleep quality and no sleep medication use did not have a significantly greater risk for falls. In conclusion, poor sleep added to sleep medication use significantly increased the risk of falls in community-dwelling older adults. The research undertaken in this dissertation was the first to evaluate the associations between poor sleep, use of sleep medications, and falls in community-dwelling older adults.
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Gray, Gemma. "An investigation into the relationship between sleep problems and daytime behaviour difficulties in adults with learning disabilities." Thesis, Open University, 1997. http://oro.open.ac.uk/57688/.
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Sleep research with adults with learning disabilities has been limited. This study considered the sleep problems experienced by adults with learning disabilities in two main sections, a survey and an intervention. The survey assessed the prevalence, nature and range of sleep problems experienced by adults with learning disabilities who live at home with their families, and investigated the relationship between sleep problems and daytime behaviour disturbance. The intervention part of the study considered whether daytime behaviour difficulties reduced following a successful sleep intervention, and whether carer stress was influenced by an improvement in sleep problems. Individuals with learning disabilities who live at home with their families had prevalence figures for sleep problems higher than those experienced by the general population. The relationship between sleep and behaviour problems was highly specific with settling problems predicting hyperactivity, lethargy, irritability and the overall score on behavioural measures. The interventions did not provide substantial evidence that sleep and behaviour were related, with only one of six participants demonstrating a decrease in behaviour problems following an improvement in sleep. Carer stress did not significantly reduce as a result of the intervention. The study has provided prevalence rates of sleep problems for a population which has not been previously studied. It concludes that the relationship between sleep and behaviour definitive conclusions can be drawn. The efficacy of behavioural interventions was demonstrated, and the clinical and theoretical implications of the results were considered.
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Bramble, David John. "The assessment and treatment of common sleep problems in severely learning disabled children." Thesis, University of Leicester, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/34234.
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This thesis explores by means of a small intervention study based on ordinary clinical practice, the effectiveness and acceptability to carers of an intensive behavioural modification approach to the chronic and severe night-settling and night-waking (NS/NW) sleep problems commonly encountered with severely learning disabled (SLD) children. The principal hypotheses tested were: (i) rapid settling and extinction techniques represent an effective means of treating severe and chronic NS/NW sleep problems presenting in severely learning disabled children; (ii) such an approach will also provide useful generalization effects; (iii) such an approach will prove acceptable to the parents of affected children; and (iv) electronic ambulatory movement monitoring (AM) will yield useful data in this context. Fifteen sleep disordered SLD children were recruited into the trial and there were no drop-outs over its course. The results of the study reflect that the intervention was highly successful and that improvements in the children's sleep problems were evident from subjective and objective assessments within a few days of the commencement of treatment. At long-term follow-up, these improvements were sustained in all but three of the families. Generalization effects were seen in that the children's daytime behaviour improved as did the indices of their mothers' subjective wellbeing. The parents were highly satisfied by both the results and the style of the interventional approach. No adverse effects were reported. The AM data confirmed the trends of improvement detected in the parent and investigator assessments (night-waking patterns; settling times; etc.) and also provided novel information about the duration, movement content and temporal distribution of night-waking episodes over the course of the study for five of the children. These findings are discussed in terms of their implications for clinical practice and future research.
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Charleson, Jane Louise. "Effectiveness of weighted blankets as an intervention for sleep problems in children with autism." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Health Sciences, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/9515.
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Sleep problems are common in children with ASD. Despite this, evidence for interventions, particularly alternative approaches such as weighted blankets is limited.
Aims. The aims of the study were to examine weighted blankets for: (1) their effectiveness as an intervention for sleep problems; (2) their impact on sleep state organisation; (3) their impact on night-time movement; (4) the sensory characteristics of children responding to the intervention; (5) parent’s perceptions of the intervention; (6) behavioural interventions as a second intervention if required.
Method. Using a non-concurrent multiple baseline design, five children with autism aged between 7 to 13 years received a weighted blanket intervention with the option of a secondary behavioural intervention.
Results. One participant rejected the weighted blanket outright. Four participants showed no substantial improvements in sleep problems or changes in sleep state organisational. Despite this, parents of four participants still perceived the weighted blanket to be moderately effective. The sensory profiles of participants were not related to their response to the intervention. Participants’ night-time movements were not found to be suppressed by the weighted blankets. Two participants went on to receive a behavioural intervention, one was successful and the other withdrew from the study before implementing the strategies. One other participant’s sleep difficulties resolved over time without further intervention.
Implications. The current study neither supported weighted blankets as an intervention for sleep problems in children with autism nor supported contentions of its effectiveness for children with sensation seeking behaviours.
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Alcala, Morgan. "The maternal experience of having a child with night-time sleep difficulties." Thesis, University of Wolverhampton, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2436/333477.
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Aims: The main aim of this research was to add depth of understanding and a human voice to existing research on the maternal experience of having a child with night-time sleep difficulties. It was hoped that this increased understanding could be used by counselling psychologists, not only in their own clinical practice but also when supporting physical health practitioners who have direct contact with this client group. Method: Five semi-structured interviews were conducted with mothers who had children over the age of one who were experiencing night-time sleep difficulties. The interviews were transcribed and analysed in accordance with grounded theory methods. A constructivist version of grounded theory was utilised as outlined by Charmaz (2006). Analysis: A central story line of ‘no choice but to function’ emerged. This refers to the place where these mothers found themselves after attempts to solve their child’s sleep problem had proved ineffective, and describes a state of both ‘coping’ and immense struggle. A number of categories were identified which contribute to this central storyline. A process was identified that outlined the stages that all participants moved through as they encountered and adapted to this experience. Personal Conflicts were also identified which described the experience and impact of fatigue, uncertainty and conflicting emotions. Categories of Responsibility and Isolation also emerged and were found to potentially lead to many personal needs not being met iii and a lack of engagement with support (including that of health professionals). Furthermore, a category of Coping highlighted not only the participants’ reflections on how they coped but also potential future avenues of support. Conclusion: The aims of this research were met with a deeper understanding of this population being obtained and a human voice being added to the existing research on this subject. Findings from this research offer a theoretical model which highlights not only the physical, emotional and systemic struggles encountered by the participants that were interviewed, but also provides suggestions based on these findings for future research and clinical practice.
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Gregory, Alice Maria. "Associations between anxiety, depression and sleep problems in children : phenotypic and behavioural genetic approaches." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.414976.
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McHugh, Annie. "Parents of children with disabilities : exploring the reasons for seeking help for sleep problems." Thesis, University of East London, 2016. http://roar.uel.ac.uk/5392/.
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Background: Sleep problems in children with disabilities are highly prevalent and impact upon the child’s, their parent’s and their family’s emotional and physical well-being. Research suggests that cognitive-behavioural interventions based on parental involvement can be effective for children experiencing these problems but there appear to be challenges in engaging parents in services and completing interventions. Research into this area has considered influences on parental help-seeking for sleep problems but has been limited by a focus on barriers to help-seeking and a lack of qualitative approaches. The aim of this study was to explore parents’ experiences of sleep problems, the ways in which they understand and talk about sleep problems and what influences seeking help for sleep problems. Method: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with ten parents of children with disabilities and sleep problems who had been referred to a specialist sleep service. Thematic Analysis (TA) of the interviews was underpinned by a critical realist epistemology and informed by Braun and Clarke’s (2006) six-phase model of TA. Results: Five themes, which seemed to be relevant to this group were constructed through the analysis: 1) Identifying Sleep is a Problem describes how parents came to recognise sleep as a problem, 2) How to do Parenting describes how parents were influenced by ideals of parenting, 3) Escalation of the Sleep Problems: Eliciting a Help- Seeking Response describes the emotional experiences leading up to helpseeking, 4) Can you get Help for Sleep Problems? describes the limited knowledge parents had of services, 5) The Context of Parenting a Child with Disabilities refers to the overarching influence of this context. Conclusions: The findings are discussed in context with reference to the literature on parental help-seeking. The implications for future research and clinical practice are discussed in respect of the strengths and limitations of the study.
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Lemmons, Sarah Lynn. "Parent Perceptions of the Effectiveness of Interventions for Sleep Problems in Children with Autism." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2010. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/2291.
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The purpose of this study was to learn what interventions have been effective in alleviating sleep problems among children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) according to parent report. This study also investigated resources from which parents received information regarding possible interventions and to what degree these resources were helpful. The participants in this study were 48 parents and caregivers of children with ASD from both the United States and Canada. Background information was attained from participants regarding themselves and their child with ASD. Participants then answered likert-type and open-ended questions regarding their child's sleep problem(s) and the resources they have turned to for help. Eighty five different interventions were reported to treat 25 types of sleep problems. Participants also reported an overall reduction in the severity of sleep problems experienced by their child after intervention.
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Casher, Gabriel. "LONGITUDINAL RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN SLEEP PROBLEMS AND EXTERNALIZING BEHAVIOR IN CHILDREN: INVESTIGATING GENETIC AND TEMPERAMENTAL MODERATORS." OpenSIUC, 2019. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/1744.
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The current study aimed to evaluate multiple longitudinal determinants of externalizing behavior problems in twins/triplets aged 7 to 12 years. Specifically, a prospective longitudinal design was utilized to assess relationships between age 5 sleep problems, age 5 temperament traits, and later externalizing problems. Additionally, heritability of sleep problems was assessed by utilizing the twin method, and genetic contributions of two specific genes – DRD4 and 5-HTTLPR – were evaluated. A total of 93 twins/triplets (40 boys and 53 girls) and their parents participated in the current study, and data were collected through self-report, parent-report, and molecular and behavioral genetic methods. Results suggest that sleep disturbances are significantly heritable, and that neither early sleep problems, temperament traits, nor specific genes significantly predicted follow-up externalizing problems. Post-hoc analyses assessing gene X environment interactions showed that externalizing problems were significantly predicted by the interaction between stressful life events and DRD4 risk, which is consistent with differential susceptibility models. This study has implications for future research as well as clinical practice, including for early screening, prevention, and intervention efforts aimed at decreasing childhood externalizing and sleep problems.
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Foley, Joan E. "Sleep problems and school competence: Transactional relations across middle childhood and the effects on children's adjustment." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2012. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/179795.
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Educational PsychologyPh.D.
Despite evidence suggesting considerable overlap between the neurobiology underlying sleep regulation and the neurobehavioral systems regulating attention control and emotional arousal, sleep remains an understudied domain in the quest to improve children's regulation of behavior, emotions, and cognition in support of school competence during middle childhood. Using a large, normative sample (n = 1,057) from the National Institutes of Child Health and Human Development's Study of Early Childcare and Youth (NICHD-SECCYD), I tested a conceptual model of sleep, school competence, and children's adjustment to address important gaps in our understanding of the direction of effects and interrelations among sleep problems, attention problems, and academic and social competence across middle childhood. I examined the domains for their combined effects and pathways of influence on children's adjustment (e.g., depressive symptoms and feelings about school) at the end of middle childhood--a period just prior to the impending biological and contextual changes associated with adolescence. Using structural equation modeling and repeated measurement at 54 months-of-age, Grade 1, Grade 3, and Grade 5, findings indicated that maternal-reported sleep problems in preschool directly predicted teacher-reported attention problems when children were in third and fifth grade. Findings lend support for models of sleep and neural development that posit adverse early effects of sleep problems on prefrontal cortex (PFC) maturation that aids in the development of attention control. Maternal-reported sleep problems did not predict standardized assessments of reading and math at any time across the assessment period. In contrast, sleep problems predicted teacher reports of children's ability to effectively cooperate and execute positive response strategies with peers. Effective language and cognitive skills are important and necessary for positive peer interactions and problem solving, and sleep problems have been associated with slower growth in language development and memory processes. Both maternal-reported sleep problems and teacher-reported peer relations uniquely predicted children's self-reported depressive symptoms, perceived competence, and motivation and social support in school at the end of middle childhood. Findings lend support for an emotion information processing model of sleep and competency-based models of depression. Academic achievement and attention problems and attention problems and peer relations were reciprocally related at all assessment periods. In support of the academic underachievement hypothesis, academic achievement consistently exerted stronger effects on attention problems compared to inverse relations. Attention problems and academic achievement had no direct effects on children's depressive symptoms or motivation for school, but exerted indirect effects through their effects on peer relations. Despite expected relations, no domain in the present study predicted children's sleep problems. Even though results are somewhat surprising given theoretical perspectives and limited empirical work investigating associations between sleep problems, attention problems, and academic and social competence, this study was novel in its design for simultaneously evaluating effects of these domains together across time. Findings from the present study may fail to align with prior research because multiple domains were allowed to compete with one another in a single model, and shared rater variance as well as prior and concurrent levels of each domain were controlled across the study period. Alternatively, variables not measured in the present study but associated with children's sleep problems, such as child temperament or parenting practices, may be stronger predictors of children's sleep. In sum, results point to the unique associations between children's sleep problems, attention problems, and academic and social competence across middle childhood, and the importance of considering their combined influence on children's feelings of adjustment as they enter the challenging period of adolescence.
Temple University--Theses
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Zylka, Rachel. "A family centred, positive behaviour support approach to sleep problems in a child with autism." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/33937.
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Parents of children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) report a significantly higher frequency and severity of sleeping problems than typically developing children and children with other disabilities. Sleeping problems most commonly reported include difficulties with sleep onset, maintenance, irregular sleep routines, and co-sleeping. A number of studies have used behavioural interventions to treat such sleeping problems. However, a number of methodological limitations have been identified with such studies. Additionally, there are a number of other clinical limitations that may affect the acceptability, meaningfulness, and sustainability of treatment outcomes. A Positive Behaviour Support (PBS) approach to behavioural interventions has been identified in the research as a viable approach to address such outcomes. This study evaluated an approach to behavioural intervention that synthesized evidence-based practices in PBS and the treatment of sleep problems in children with ASD. This study investigated the effectiveness of a parent-implemented PBS plan to improve the sleep problems of a child with ASD during a bedtime routine. A 4-year-old child with a diagnosis of ASD and his mother participated in the study. The study employed a single-subject case study design, using a multiple probe strategy. Results indicated improvements in child sleep behaviour and participation during the bedtime routine following implementation of the PBS intervention. The results are discussed with reference to previous research, unique contributions to the literature, future directions, and implications for practitioners and researchers who are involved in interventions for children with ASD and sleep problems.
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Ewing, Donna. "The role of sleep problems and sleepiness in cognitive and behavioural processes of childhood anxiety." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2014. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/53492/.
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Sleep in children is important for the functioning of a range of cognitive processes, including memory, attention, arousal, executive functioning, and the processing of emotional experiences. This, in addition to the high comorbidity between sleep problems and anxiety, may suggest that sleep plays a role in the cognitive and behavioural processes associated with childhood anxiety. Although a body of research exists which considers the associations between sleep problems and anxiety, there is currently little research evidence available for the effect of children's sleepiness on anxiety, or for the effect of childhood sleep problems or sleepiness on anxiety related processes. To address this, this thesis begins with a meta-analysis exploring the efficacy of transdiagnostic cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) for the treatment of childhood anxiety (Paper 1). CBT is generally the treatment of choice for childhood anxiety, and targets the processes that the subsequent papers in this thesis consider in relation to children's sleepiness and sleep problems. Papers two to five consider the effect of sleepiness on a range of cognitive and behavioural processes, including vicariously learning and unlearning fear (Paper 2), ambiguity resolution (Paper 3), emotion recognition (Paper 4), and habituation and avoidance (Paper 5). The final paper considers sleep problems in relation to a CBT intervention for childhood anxiety (Paper 6). Overall, while sleep problems and usual sleepiness were found to be associated with childhood anxiety, current sleepiness was not. On the other hand, sleepiness (usual and current), and reduced sleep, affected children's behavioural processes when exposed to anxiety provoking stimuli, but were not found to affect children's anxietyrelated cognitive processes. Sleep problems interacted with vicarious learning processes, but not with ambiguity resolution or emotion recognition processes, or with change in anxiety symptoms following a CBT intervention for childhood anxiety. Implications for treatment and future research directions are discussed.
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Wattenmaker, McGann Amanda. "The Effects of Sleep Problems and Depression on Alcohol-Related Negative Consequences Among College Students." VCU Scholars Compass, 2013. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/3182.
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Previous literature provides an overview of the multiple relationships between alcohol use, protective behavioral strategies (PBS), alcohol-related negative consequences, depression, and sleep problems among college students, as well as differences by individual level characteristics, such as age, gender, and race/ethnicity. Several studies have found that specific demographic groups of students are more likely to reach a higher blood alcohol content (BAC) when “partying” or socializing (Turner, Bauerle, & Shu, 2004; Crotty, 2011). A variety of studies have also confirmed the positive relationship between high blood alcohol content and experiencing alcohol-related negative consequences (Turner, et al., 2004; Martens, Taylor, Damann, Page, Mowry, & Cimini, 2004; Borden, Martens, McBride, Sheline, Bloch, & Dude, 2011; Crotty, 2011). Additional studies have explored the role that protective behaviors play in the alcohol consumption-negative consequences relationship (Martens et al., 2004; Borden et al., 2011; Haines, Barker, & Rice, 2006; Martens, Martin, Littlefield, Murphy, & Cimini, 2011). These studies conclude that the frequency of protective behavior use and the number of these behaviors that are used when consuming alcohol are associated with the likelihood of a student experiencing negative consequences. Specifically, the negative relationship between protective behavior use and likelihood of experiencing negative consequences as a result of binge drinking is stronger for students who rarely use protective behaviors (Martens et al., 2004). Recent studies have also explored the role that depressive symptoms play in a model with alcohol use and alcohol-related negative consequences. The prevalence of college students who were diagnosed with depression in the last school year presents a great need to study its relationship with these constructs. Students with poor mental health or depression are also more likely to experience alcohol-related negative consequences (Weitzman, 2004), and there is a direct association between depressive symptoms and negative consequences, but not necessarily between alcohol use and depressive symptoms (Vickers, Patten, Bronars, Lane, Stevens, Croghan, Schroeder, & Clark, 2004). One study also suggests that protective behaviors partially mediate the relationship between depressive symptoms and negative consequences (Martens, Martin, Hatchett, Fowler, Fleming, Karakashian, & Cimini, 2008). Further, students with depressive symptoms who use protective behaviors drink less and experience fewer negative consequences, as compared to students without depressive symptoms who use protective behaviors (LaBrie, Kenney, Lac, Garcia, & Ferraiolo, 2009). Sleeping problems play an important role in the relationship between alcohol consumption and alcohol-related negative consequences. Poorer global sleep quality is associated with alcohol-related negative consequences after controlling for alcohol use. Further, among heavier drinkers, those with poorer sleep quality experienced greater levels of negative consequences than those who had better sleep quality (Kenney, LaBrie, Hummer, & Pham, 2012). The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships between alcohol use measured by estimated Blood Alcohol Content (eBAC), PBS, depression, and sleep problems, as they explain the variance of alcohol-related negative consequences using the spring 2009 national aggregate data set of the American College Health Association National College Health Assessment (ACHA-NCHA). This dataset was comprised of a random sample of undergraduate and graduate students from 117 U.S. colleges and universities (n=53,850). Reliability analyses, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and structural equation modeling (SEM) were used for model specification and evaluation. Model fit indices for the current study indicate that the model and the data in this study are a good fit, demonstrated by RMSEA= .044, 90% CI (.044, .044) and SRMR= .066. Findings suggest that an additive effect of eBAC, PBS, depression, sleep problems, and certain demographics explain 39% of the variance in alcohol-related negative consequences and greatly impact the amount of harm that college students may experience as a result of their alcohol use. Results from the current study may assist clinicians and health educators who want to improve the probability that they will be able help reduce negative consequences among college students when they drink alcohol. These staff may engage students in a conversation about risk reduction (e.g. one on one consults, campus-wide media campaign) and also provide support for conducting brief screenings about alcohol so that clinicians may be more effective in helping students to reduce alcohol-related negative consequences. The results from this study may also assist researchers in finding more relationships that account for some of the unexplained variance in this study. Interpreting these predictive relationships are important to the way that students are screened for alcohol problems on college campuses, as well as decisions that college students make about alcohol in the greater context of healthy lifestyle decisions. Future research could include repeating the analysis with each race/ethnicity separated out instead of as a dichotomous variable (white/non-white), conducting a similar analysis with each negative consequence instead of as a scale, developing a more complete sleep problems scale within the ACHA-NCHA with improved reliability, and a further investigation into the positive correlation between sleep problems and depression in order to explore other variables that mediate the relationship between depression and sleep problems among college students.
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Yngman-Uhlin, Pia. "Sleep Problems in Patients on Peritoneal Dialysis : Prevalence, Effects on Daily Life and Evaluation of Non-Pharmacological Interventions." Doctoral thesis, Linköpings universitet, Omvårdnad, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-68041.
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Sleep problems affect a considerable number (49-86%) of patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis (PD) treatment. Insomnia i.e. difficulties to initiate and/or maintain sleep or too early wakening, combined with daytime symptoms, seems to be the dominating problem. Despite these facts there is a lack of research in PD-patients, especially studies with objective data on the sleep-wake cycle and evaluation of sleep promoting non-pharmacological interventions. The overall aim of this thesis was to describe sleep problems from different perspectives, and how these problems affect daily life and health in patients treated with PD at home. The aim was also to evaluate an individualised non-pharmacological intervention for improvement of sleep quality outcomes. Four studies were conducted during eight years, starting in 2002. Patients from six hospitals in the south-east of Sweden were invited to participate. In addition, data from a reference group with Coronary Artery Disease and a population group were used for comparisons with PD-patients in one of the studies. Data was collected by self-reported questionnaires, actigraphy registrations and interviews. Sleep was evaluated in a 17-week single-case study with an intervention focusing on sleep hygiene advice. Data from a total of 700 sleep-wake cycles was collected in the patients’ homes. The main findings clearly demonstrated that PD-patients have seriously fragmented sleep compared to the CAD- and population group, and that the PD-patients have a high prevalence of insomnia. The sleep was mainly disturbed by pruritus and Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS). Daytime impairments and a frequent napping behaviour were detected. The prevalence of fatigue was also reported to be extremely high. The patients described that an ever-present tiredness and poor sleep had consequences in their everyday life both physically, mentally, socially and existentially. The nurse-led intervention demonstrated that individual, non-pharmacological sleep interventions can improve sleep and daytime activities in PD-patients. This thesis elucidates that deteriorated sleep with serious fragmentation leads to a variety of daytime impairments and fatigue. By adopting “renal supportive care” in clinical work a more elaborate assessment and individualised non-pharmacological treatment of sleep problems may improve sleep quality and activity in frail patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis at home.
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Bauducco, Serena. "Adolescents' sleep in a 24/7 society : Epidemiology and prevention." Doctoral thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för juridik, psykologi och socialt arbete, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-57856.
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Sleep undergoes important changes during adolescence and many teenagers experience problems sleeping. These in turn affect adolescents´ academic, physical and psychosocial functioning. Moreover, there are some indications that sleep problems in this age group may be increasing, possibly as a consequence of societal changes, e.g., internet availability. Research on adolescents´ sleep is growing, but more epidemiological studies are needed to clarify the prevalence of poor sleep, long and short-term outcomes associated with it, and potential risk and protective factors to target in preventive interventions. The aim of this dissertation was to contribute to each of these goals; Study I investigated the longitudinal association between sleep problems, defined as symptoms of insomnia, and school absenteeism; Study II explored the prevalence of poor sleep, defined as sleep deficit, in an adolescent population and psychosocial and contextual factors associated with it, including emotional and behavioral problems, stress, sleep hygiene and technology use; finally, Study III evaluated the short-term effects of a novel universal school-based intervention to improve adolescents´ sleep health. The findings show that poor sleep was strongly related to adolescents´ functioning, including emotional and behavioral problems and school attendance, and that sleep deficit was prevalent in adolescents. This supports the need for prevention. Moreover, sleep deficit was associated with stress, technology use and arousal at bedtime, which may represent important barriers to sleep. A preventive intervention targeting these barriers to promote adolescents´ sleep health was successful with the individuals most at risk. However, it remains to be seen whether these changes will be maintained after the intervention and whether incidence of sleep problems will be lower relative to a control group. Implications for theory and practice are discussed.
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Gervais, Mhairi. "Sleep problems in adults with intellectual disabilities : an exploratory analysis of support workers' causal attributions, sleep quality and treatment acceptability : major research project and clinical research portfolio." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2010. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/2129/.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Sleep has been found to have an important restorative function. Any disturbance to sleep can be detrimental to both physical and mental health. Between 9-50% of adults with intellectual disabilities (ID) are reported to experience sleep disturbance. Support workers have a key role in identifying and responding to difficulties in the people they work with. Support workers' attributions towards the cause of these difficulties are crucial in mediating their decision to seek treatment. Their attributions may also mediate their adherence to a recommended treatment. Hence, their awareness and beliefs regarding sleep difficulties may influence their ability to recognise and seek help for sleep problems in adults they support. Method: This study utilised an exploratory vignette and questionnaire design. Questionnaires were given to 120 support workers, based in community settings, to measure their attributions to negative behaviour change and sleep problems. Support workers' attributional style was compared to their views on the acceptability of a variety of treatments for sleep disturbance. Support workers' own sleep quality was measured and compared to their attributions. Results: Support workers attributed negative behaviour change to sleep and mental health problems most strongly. Sleep problems were believed to be internal, uncontrollable and unintentional. Support workers were optimistic about treatment, particularly non-pharmacological treatments. Support workers' own sleep quality did not correlate with their attributions towards sleep problems or views on the different types of treatment. Conclusions: Support workers are optimistic that sleep problems in adults with ID can be treated, however further work is necessary to understand barriers to seeking out assessment and treatment for clients with ID.
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Ax, Erin Elizabeth. "Implications of sleep disorders symptoms on school behavior, academics, and quality of life." [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2006. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0001760.
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Ipsiroglu, Osman S. "Applying ethnographic methodologies & ecology to unveil dimensions of sleep problems in children & youth with neurodevelopmental conditions." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/56696.
Full textAbstract:
Willis Ekbom disease/restless legs syndrome is a relatively well-known neurological disorder in adult and paediatric medicine; however, the possibility of its presentation as familial early onset chronic intractable insomnia has not yet been recognized. I investigated the possible causes of intractable insomnia in children and youth with neurodevelopmental conditions. Through my studies of medical anthropology and educational psychology, I learned to apply qualitative methodologies in my clinical explorations, namely:
a) ethnographic exploration of the ecology of paediatric intractable insomnia;
b) the operationalization of this ethnographic exploration as a therapeutic emplotment concept in clinical practice, and
c) the creation of new methodological tests and tools for structured behavioural observations as further development of the therapeutic emplotment concept.
Application of these concepts led to the development of a functional sleep and wake-behaviours assessment model. This model exceeds the current clinical practice of categorical sleep and/or wake diagnoses and the predominantly daytime-focused explanatory models of developmental paediatrics, child psychiatry and mental health.
My research has privileged me with becoming the first physician to identify Willis Ekbom disease/restless legs syndrome in children with neurodevelopmental conditions, who suffer from early onset chronic intractable insomnia, in a methodologically reproducible way. This research also enabled me to demonstrate that unrecognized Willis Ekbom disease/restless legs syndrome leads to cascades of medical diagnoses and medication prescriptions causing iatrogenic harm. Weaning children off medications and increasing their wellbeing and performance after addressing their sleep problems became the proof of concept.
The Willis Ekbom disease/restless legs syndrome story in children with neurodevelopmental conditions is a modern parable, illustrating how conventional categorical diagnoses with overemphasis on daytime behaviours can produce systemic gaps in healthcare. While conventional medicine facilitates a spectrum of diagnoses that are applied based on training culture, symptoms that are not in alignment with the standard repertoire are not recognized and diagnoses are missed. Understanding this parable and finding applicable answers for how such systemic errors can be avoided in mainstream medicine in the future has taken me seven years, and is still a work in progress.Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies
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