Relevant bibliographies by topics / Sleep outcomes

Academic literature on the topic 'Sleep outcomes'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Sleep outcomes"

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Chasens, Eileen R., Susan M. Sereika, and Lora E. Burke. "Daytime Sleepiness and Functional Outcomes in Older Adults With Diabetes." Diabetes Educator 35, no. 3 (April 14, 2009): 455–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0145721709333857.

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Purpose This secondary analysis examined the effect of excessive sleepiness on daytime function in older adults with diabetes from the National Sleep Foundation's Sleep and Aging poll. Methods Respondents were older adults (N = 1506; age range, 55-84 years) evaluated by telephone survey on their sleep duration, sleep disturbances, daytime functional outcomes, and self-reported height, weight, and comorbidities. Results Approximately 16% (n = 244) of the sample acknowledged a diagnosis of diabetes; they were older, had more comorbidities, had a higher body mass index (BMI), and were more likely to be sleepy during the daytime than nondiabetic respondents (all P < .05). Respondents with diabetes who reported frequent daytime sleepiness (n = 50; 20%) had significantly (P < .05) higher BMI, lower self-rated health, and more sleep disturbances than those who were not sleepy (n = 194). Sleepy respondents with diabetes also reported more frequent feelings of depression, decreased pleasure in life, naps, feeling drowsy, or dozing off while driving (all P < .05). Excessive sleepiness was significantly associated (P < .001) with an increased risk for depressive symptoms while controlling for BMI, age, and number of comorbidities. Conclusions These results indicate that sleep disturbances affect not only sleep quality but also daytime function in older adults with diabetes.
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Wanderer, Jonathan P., and Naveen Nathan. "Poor Sleep, Worse Outcomes." Anesthesia & Analgesia 127, no. 4 (October 2018): 804. http://dx.doi.org/10.1213/ane.0000000000003745.

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Fleming, Melanie K., Tom Smejka, David Henderson Slater, Veerle van Gils, Emma Garratt, Ece Yilmaz Kara, and Heidi Johansen-Berg. "Sleep Disruption After Brain Injury Is Associated With Worse Motor Outcomes and Slower Functional Recovery." Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair 34, no. 7 (June 7, 2020): 661–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1545968320929669.

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Background. Sleep is important for consolidation of motor learning, but brain injury may affect sleep continuity and therefore rehabilitation outcomes. Objective. This study aims to assess the relationship between sleep quality and motor recovery in brain injury patients receiving inpatient rehabilitation. Methods. Fifty-nine patients with brain injury were recruited from 2 specialist inpatient rehabilitation units. Sleep quality was assessed (up to 3 times) objectively using actigraphy (7 nights) and subjectively using the Sleep Condition Indicator. Motor outcome assessments included Action Research Arm test (upper limb function), Fugl-Meyer Assessment (motor impairment), and the Rivermead Mobility Index. The Functional Independence Measure (FIM) was assessed at admission and discharge by the clinical team. Fifty-five age- and gender-matched healthy controls completed one assessment. Results. Inpatients demonstrated lower self-reported sleep quality ( P < .001) and more fragmented sleep ( P < .001) than controls. For inpatients, sleep fragmentation explained significant additional variance in motor outcomes, over and above that explained by admission FIM score ( P < .017), such that more disrupted sleep was associated with poorer motor outcomes. Using stepwise linear regression, sleep fragmentation was the only variable found to explain variance in rate of change in FIM ( R2adj = 0.12, P = .027), whereby more disrupted sleep was associated with slower recovery. Conclusions. Inpatients with brain injury demonstrate impaired sleep quality, and this is associated with poorer motor outcomes and slower functional recovery. Further investigation is needed to determine how sleep quality can be improved and whether this affects outcome.
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Dubik, M. "Obstructive Sleep Apnea: Adenotonsillectomy Outcomes." AAP Grand Rounds 24, no. 2 (August 1, 2010): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/gr.24-2-25.

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Ruggiero, Aria R., Hannah D. Peach, and Jane F. Gaultney. "0276 Sleep Attitudes Predicting Sleep Outcomes: An Intersectionality Perspective." Sleep 42, Supplement_1 (April 2019): A112—A113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsz067.275.

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Aljassim, Abrar, Kenny P. Pang, and Brian W. Rotenberg. "Does Drug‐Induced Sleep Endoscopy Improve Sleep Surgery Outcomes?" Laryngoscope 130, no. 11 (April 18, 2020): 2518–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/lary.28668.

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Pirner, Maddison, Scott Doyle, Janna Mantua, Alexxa Bessey, Jacob Naylor, Bradley Ritland, Walter Sowden, Tina Burke, and Ashlee Mckeon. "307 Sleep and occupational wellbeing in active duty U.S Army Soldiers." Sleep 44, Supplement_2 (May 1, 2021): A122—A123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsab072.306.

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Abstract Introduction Insufficient sleep is ubiquitous among active duty service members in operational settings. Although insufficient sleep has been linked to poor cognitive, psychological, and physiological outcomes in military populations, little research has investigated the impact of insufficient sleep on Soldier occupational wellbeing. This study examined the longitudinal association between sleep quality and occupational functioning in a population of active duty U.S. Army Soldiers. Methods Sixty male Soldiers (age 25.41±3.74 years) participated. Sleep quality and occupational outcomes were assessed four weeks apart (before and after an annual training mission). Sleep quality was assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Occupational outcome measures included the Emotional Exhaustion Scale, Walter Reed Functional Impairment Short Scale, Role Overload Scale, and Perceived Stress Scale. Linear regressions assessed the prediction of PSQI Global Score on occupational outcome scores. Student’s t-tests compared occupational outcomes between “good” and “poor” sleepers (PSQI Global Score &gt; 5 = poor sleeper). Results Poorer sleep quality at baseline broadly predicted poor occupational outcomes post-training. Specifically, higher PSQI Global Scores predicted higher emotional exhaustion (B = 1.6, p &lt; 0.001, R2 = 0.25), functional impairment (B = 0.29, p &lt; 0.03, R2 = 0.14), role overload (B = 28, p &lt; 0.008, R2 = 0.12), and perceived stress (B = 0.34, p &lt; 0.004, R2 = 0.2). Furthermore, occupational outcome scores were significantly higher in poor sleepers than good sleepers: emotional exhaustion: (t(58) = -4.18, p &lt; .001); functional impairment: (t(59) = -3.68, p = .001); role overload (t(58) = -3.20, p = .002); and perceived stress (t(58) = -2.43, p = .02). Conclusion This study identified a longitudinal relationship between sleep quality and occupational outcomes, suggesting that service members with poor sleep may be at risk for experiencing poor workplace wellbeing. Given the association between service member wellbeing and likelihood to re-enlist, insufficient sleep may negatively impact Soldier attrition. Future studies should aim to augment sleep quality and track occupational outcomes in this population. Support (if any) This work was funded by the Military Operational Medicine Research Program of the United States Army Medical Research and Development Command.
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Neuendorf, Rachel, Helané Wahbeh, Irina Chamine, Jun Yu, Kimberly Hutchison, and Barry S. Oken. "The Effects of Mind-Body Interventions on Sleep Quality: A Systematic Review." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2015 (2015): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/902708.

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Study Objectives. To evaluate the effect of mind-body interventions (MBI) on sleep.Methods. We reviewed randomized controlled MBI trials on adults (through 2013) with at least one sleep outcome measure. We searched eleven electronic databases and excluded studies on interventions not considering mind-body medicine. Studies were categorized by type of MBI, whether sleep was primary or secondary outcome measure and outcome type.Results. 1323 abstracts were screened, and 112 papers were included. Overall, 67 (60%) of studies reported a beneficial effect on at least one sleep outcome measure. Of the most common interventions, 13/23 studies using meditation, 21/30 using movement MBI, and 14/25 using relaxation reported at least some improvements in sleep. There were clear risks of bias for many studies reviewed, especially when sleep was not the main focus.Conclusions. MBI should be considered as a treatment option for patients with sleep disturbance. The benefit of MBI needs to be better documented with objective outcomes as well as the mechanism of benefit elucidated. There is some evidence that MBI have a positive benefit on sleep quality. Since sleep has a direct impact on many other health outcomes, future MBI trials should consider including sleep outcome measurements.
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McDaid, Catriona, Adwoa Parker, Arabella Scantlebury, Caroline Fairhurst, Vicky Dawson, Heather Elphick, Catherine Hewitt, Gemma Spiers, Megan Thomas, and Bryony Beresford. "Outcome domains and outcome measures used in studies assessing the effectiveness of interventions to manage non-respiratory sleep disturbances in children with neurodisabilities: a systematic review." BMJ Open 9, no. 6 (June 2019): e027205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-027205.

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ObjectivesTo assess whether a core outcome set is required for studies evaluating the effectiveness of interventions for non-respiratory sleep disturbances in children with neurodisabilities.DesignSurvey of outcome measures used in primary studies identified by a systematic review.Data sourcesASSIA, CENTRAL, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Conference Proceedings Citation Index, CINAHL, DARE, Embase, HMIC, MEDLINE, MEDLINE In-Process, PsycINFO, Science Citation Index, Social Care Online, Social Policy & Practice, ClinicalTrials.gov, WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform and the UK Clinical Trials Gateway were searched up to February 2017.Eligibility criteriaStudies evaluating pharmacological or non-pharmacological interventions for children (≤18 years old) with a neurodisability and experiencing non-respiratory sleep disturbance.Data extraction and synthesisOutcome measures were listed from each study and categorised into domains.ResultsThirty-nine studies assessed five core outcome areas: child sleep, other child outcomes, parent outcomes, adverse events and process measures. There were 54 different measures of child sleep across five domains: global measures; sleep initiation; maintenance; scheduling; and other outcomes. Fifteen non-pharmacological (58%) and four pharmacological studies (31%) reported child outcomes other than sleep using 29 different measures.One pharmacological and 14 non-pharmacological (54%) studies reported parent outcomes (17 different measures). Eleven melatonin studies (85%) recorded adverse events, with variation in how data were collected and reported. One non-pharmacological study reported an explicit method of collecting on adverse events. Several process measures were reported, related to adherence, feasibility of delivery, acceptability and experiences of receiving the intervention.ConclusionsThere is a lack of consistency between studies in the outcome measures used to assess the effectiveness of interventions for non-respiratory sleep disturbances in children with neurodisabilities. A minimum core outcome set, with international consensus, should be developed in consultation with parents, children and young people, and those involved in supporting families.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42016034067
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Chaput, Jean-Philippe, Caroline Dutil, Ryan Featherstone, Robert Ross, Lora Giangregorio, Travis J. Saunders, Ian Janssen, et al. "Sleep timing, sleep consistency, and health in adults: a systematic review." Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism 45, no. 10 (Suppl. 2) (October 2020): S232—S247. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/apnm-2020-0032.

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The objective of this systematic review was to examine the associations between sleep timing (e.g., bedtime/wake-up time, midpoint of sleep), sleep consistency/regularity (e.g., intra-individual variability in sleep duration, social jetlag, catch-up sleep), and health outcomes in adults aged 18 years and older. Four electronic databases were searched in December 2018 for articles published in the previous 10 years. Fourteen health outcomes were examined. A total of 41 articles, including 92 340 unique participants from 14 countries, met inclusion criteria. Sleep was assessed objectively in 37% of studies and subjectively in 63% of studies. Findings suggest that later sleep timing and greater sleep variability were generally associated with adverse health outcomes. However, because most studies reported linear associations, it was not possible to identify thresholds for “late sleep timing” or “large sleep variability”. In addition, social jetlag was associated with adverse health outcomes, while weekend catch-up sleep was associated with better health outcomes. The quality of evidence ranged from “very low” to “moderate” across study designs and health outcomes using GRADE. In conclusion, the available evidence supports that earlier sleep timing and regularity in sleep patterns with consistent bedtimes and wake-up times are favourably associated with health. (PROSPERO registration no.: CRD42019119534.) Novelty This is the first systematic review to examine the influence of sleep timing and sleep consistency on health outcomes. Later sleep timing and greater variability in sleep are both associated with adverse health outcomes in adults. Regularity in sleep patterns with consistent bedtimes and wake-up times should be encouraged.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Sleep outcomes"

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Caddas, Andrew. "Blue Light and Adult Sleep Outcomes." Otterbein University Distinction Theses / OhioLINK, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=otbndist1620462993096741.

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Cloonan, Yona Keich. "Sleep outcomes in children with craniofacial microsomia /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/10877.

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Altaf, Quratul-ain. "Sleep in patients with type 2 diabetes : the impact of sleep apnoea, sleep duration, and sleep quality on clinical outcomes." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2018. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/8270/.

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Introduction: Type 2 Diabetes (T2DM) and sleep-related disorders share common risk factors such as obesity; but the interrelationships between T2DM and sleep disorders are not well examined. Aims: In this thesis I aimed to assess: 1. The longitudinal impact of obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) on micro vascular complications in patient with T2DM. 2. The relationship between sleep quality, sleep duration and adiposity in patients with T2DM Methods: To examine the first aim, I utilized the data collected from a previous project that examined the cross-sectional associations between OSA and micro vascular complications in patients with T2DM and followed up the study participants longitudinally using 1-2-1 interviews and electronic health records. For aim 2, I conducted a crosssectional study in patients with young-onset T2DM who were recruited from Heart of England NHS Foundation Trust and primary care. Result: For Aim 1: Depending on the micro vascular outcome examined, we had approximately 200 patients in the analysis. Patients were followed up for 2.5 years for renal outcomes, and 4-4.5 years for retinopathy and neuropathy outcomes. The prevalence of OSA was 63%. I found that baseline OSA was significantly associated with greater decline of eGFR and greater progression to pre-proliferative and proliferative retinopathy. I also found that OSA was associated with progression to a combined outcome of foot insensitivity or diabetic foot ulceration but this was a non-significant trend (p=0.06). In addition, I found that patients who received and were compliant with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment (delivered during routine care) had improvements in heart rate variability parameters by study end. For Aim 2: Poor sleep quality and shorter sleep duration were associated with increased total body fat% after adjustment for potential confounders. Conclusion: I found that OSA plays an important role in the progression of micro vascular complications in patients with T2DM. Whether treatment with CPAP has a favourable impact on micro vascular complications is currently being examined in a randomized controlled trial. I also found that sleep duration and quality are associated with increased adiposity. The direction of this relationship need to be examined in longitudinal studies and interventional trials.
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Imel, Janna L. "Positivity Ratio: Predicting Sleep Outcomes Across The Adult Lifespan." VCU Scholars Compass, 2016. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/4604.

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Although sleep has been linked to changes in positive and negative affect across the lifespan, the prediction of sleep from affect has not been explored completely. As such, the main objective of this study was to examine the association between affect and sleep across the adult lifespan, using a novel gauge of affect, the positivity ratio. Both subjective and objective assessments of sleep were used in analyses. This study was an archival analysis of data collected as a part of the Midlife in the United States Study (MIDUS-II), with participants ranging from 34 to 83 years of age. Results revealed the positivity ratio to be a significant predictor of self-reported sleep quality and global sleep, but not of objective sleep measures. Additionally, the positivity ratio was found to increase with age and appears to predict better global sleep and sleep quality across all age groups. Implications of the findings are discussed.
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Jain, Sulabh. "Event-Driven Dynamic Query Model for Sleep Study Outcomes Research." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1323377417.

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Koebke, Nicole C. "PHYSICAL ACTIVITY, SLEEP PATTERNS, AND HEALTH OUTCOMES IN UNIVERSITY LAW ENFORCEMENT OFFICERS." UKnowledge, 2012. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/khp_etds/6.

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Research indicates that law enforcement officers (LEOs) have a higher prevalence of developing coronary artery disease (CAD) compared to the general population. Sleep deprivation and physical inactivity have been found to be related to many risk factors for CAD. This cross-sectional study examined the health status and the relationship between sleep and physical activity outcomes versus CAD risk factors among 27 University LEOs. The subjects’ health behaviors, and CAD and metabolic syndrome risk factors were described using basic statistics. Accelerometer derived sleep and physical activity outcomes were correlated to measures of health to identify potential relationships. 33% of LEOs were classified as moderate risk for CAD; 92% had dyslipidemia, 58% had elevated triglycerides, 23% had prediabetes, and 22% suffered from obesity. The administrators and first shift LEOs slept more compared to second or third shift LEOs. The LEOs were more sedentary while on-duty. In addition, sedentary time was correlated to systolic blood pressure. LEOs accumulated 24.4 min·d-1 of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), but only spent 9.3 min·d-1 in continuous bouts of MVPA. In conclusion, multiple CAD risk factors were present in these LEOs and achieving adequate amounts of physical activity and sleep may decrease their risk of developing chronic diseases.
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Al-Rawashdeh, Sami. "Sleep Disturbance and Outcomes in Patients with Heart Failure and their Family Caregivers." UKnowledge, 2014. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/nursing_etds/11.

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Sleep disturbance is common in patients with heart failure (HF) and the family caregivers. Sleep disturbance is known as a predictor of poor quality of life (QoL) in individual level. The manner in which patients’ and caregivers’ sleep disturbances influence each other’s QoL has not been determined. The purpose of this dissertation was to investigate the associations of sleep disturbance and outcomes in patients with HF and their primary family caregivers. The specific aims were to: 1) examine whether sleep disturbance of patients and their family caregivers predict their own and their partners’ QoL; 2) examine the mediator effects of depressive symptoms on the association between sleep disturbance and QoL in patients and family caregivers; and 3) provide evidence of the psychometric priorities of the Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI) as a measure of caregiving burden in caregivers of patients with HF. The three specific aims were addressed using secondary analyses of cross-sectional data available from 143 patients with HF and their primary family caregivers. To accomplish Specific Aim One, multilevel dyadic analysis, actor-partner interdependence model was used for 78 patient- caregiver dyads. Individuals’ sleep disturbance predicted their own poor QoL. Caregivers’ sleep disturbance predicted patients’ mental aspect of QoL. For Specific Aim Two, a series of multiple regressions was used to examine the mediation effect in patients and caregivers separately. Depressive symptoms significantly mediated the relationship between sleep disturbance and mental aspect of QoL in patients. The mediation effect was similar in caregivers. For Specific Aim Three, the internal consistency and convergent and construct validity of the ZBI in 124 family caregivers of patients with HF were examined. The results showed that the ZBI is a reliable and valid measure of caregiving burden in this population. This dissertation has fulfilled important gaps in the evidence base for the QoL outcome in patients with HF and caregivers. The findings from this dissertation provided evidence of the importance of monitoring sleep disturbance for better QoL in both patients and caregivers and the importance of assessing caregivers’ sleep disturbance for improving patients’ QoL. It also provided evidence of the importance of managing depressive symptoms when targeting sleep disturbance to improve QoL in both patients and caregivers.
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Alghamdi, Amal. "The associations between poor sleep in pregnancy and obstetric, perinatal and neonatal outcomes." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2017. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/18998/.

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Background: Sleep has a complex nature that is thought to make it a risk factor for many health concerns, which have recently included poor pregnancy outcomes. Aim: Studying the association between sleep and poor pregnancy outcomes in pregnant women. Methods: To achieve this aim, several studies were done. First, the literature was searched to examine and critically evaluate the quality of current evidence in regards to sleep and pregnancy outcomes. Second, the latent complex nature of sleep was defined using latent class analysis and the UKHLS data set before examining the association between the generated patterns and socio-demographic features and health. Third, sleep events present in the UKHLS sleep module and the generated latent sleep patterns were examined in women from the UK population who were presented in the UKHLS study, and in women at risk of gestational diabetes (GDM) presented in the Scott/Ciantar study, in relation to poor pregnancy outcomes. Results: In the literature there was ‘positive’ evidence of an association between sleep and poor pregnancy outcomes. However, the evidence suffered from limitations, and the complex nature of sleep was not considered. Our definition of sleep as a latent variable revealed six latent sleep patterns which were associated with individual socio-demographic features and health. Sleep events and latent patterns did not always elevate the risk of poor pregnancy outcomes in women from the UK population or women at risk of GDM, as sleep lowered the risk on some occasions. Conclusion: Sleep might increase the risk of poor pregnancy outcomes, according to evidence from the literature review and the two empirical studies. However, the current evidence had many limitations, and further research is required in this area.
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Reid, Morgan P. "Social Jetlag, Depressive Symptoms, and Longitudinal Outcomes in College Students." VCU Scholars Compass, 2019. https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/5737.

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Social jetlag refers to the chronic shift in sleep timing between work and free days and has been associated with a variety of negative physical and psychological outcomes. Existing research on social jetlag has relied heavily on cross-sectional studies, preventing researchers and practitioners from assessing the effects of social jetlag over time. The current study used longitudinal data to explore the directionality of the association between social jetlag and depressive symptoms as well as the longitudinal associations between social jetlag, academic performance, and wellbeing in college students. Gender and race were also assessed as potential moderators of these associations. Cross-lagged panel analysis using Amos for SPSS revealed that social jetlag predicted depressive symptoms both concurrently adjusting for covariates and longitudinally in unadjusted models. This finding suggests that sleep disturbances may precede mood concerns, although causality cannot be proven due to the design of the current study. PROCESS moderation analyses indicated that social jetlag did not significantly predict academic performance or wellbeing over time, and neither gender nor race moderated these associations. Future research is needed to further assess the short- and long-term outcomes of social jetlag using prospective, well-controlled studies and objective measures of sleep timing.
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Hoekema, Aarnoud. "Oral-appliance therapy in obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome a clinical study on therapeutic outcomes /." [S.l. : [Groningen : s.n.] ; University Library Groningen] [Host], 2007. http://irs.ub.rug.nl/ppn/300340222.

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Books on the topic "Sleep outcomes"

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Imagine Yourself Energy Management for Life. Resiliency for Life, 2007.

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Okun, Michele L. Sleep and pregnancy. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198778240.003.0013.

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Pregnant women experience a greater degree of sleep disturbance than their non-pregnant counterparts. Complaints range from sleep maintenance issues to excessive daytime sleepiness. Emerging evidence suggests that there is variability in sleep patterns and complaints which manifest differently among pregnant women. Moreover, it is well accepted that sleep disturbance can dysregulate normal immune and endocrine processes that are critically important to the health and progression of gestation. A possible consequence of sleep disturbance is an increased risk for adverse pregnancy outcomes. Then again, many endogenous and exogenous factors, including pregnancy-related physiological, hormonal, and anatomic changes, as well as lifestyle changes, can impact the degree and chronicity of sleep disturbance. Alas, there is still much to learn in terms of what women can/should expect with regard to the timing, degree, frequency, and/or severity of a specific pregnancy-related sleep disturbance(s), despite the number of published studies evaluating what sleep during pregnancy encompasses.
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Liu, Lynn. Sleep Disorders and Pregnancy. Edited by Emma Ciafaloni, Cheryl Bushnell, and Loralei L. Thornburg. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190667351.003.0023.

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Pregnant women frequently have sleep concerns. Some concerns are related to the course of the pregnancy, some sleep disorders change during pregnancy, and others develop new onset sleep disorders during pregnancy. Having a sleep medicine professional to assist in the management of a pregnant woman to address the treatment of particular sleep disorders can be helpful in alleviating specific concerns over the course of the pregnancy. Anticipating potential interactions or how the pregnancy and the sleep disorder may affect each other may improve maternal and fetal outcomes. This chapter will review common sleep disorders that can be encountered in pregnant women.
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Chopra, Amit, Piyush Das, and Karl Doghramji, eds. Management of Sleep Disorders in Psychiatry. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190929671.001.0001.

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‘Management of Sleep Disorders in Psychiatry’ provides an in-depth and evidence-based review of sleep-wake disorders included in Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition (DSM-5) that are associated with a range of psychiatric disorders including mood, anxiety, psychotic, neurocognitive, eating, and substance use disorders. It also includes special sections on sleep-wake disorders associated with pediatric and neurological disorders, and reviews forensic issues encountered in the practice of psychiatry as they relate to sleep disorders. The book is unique in its focus on clinical assessment and management of sleep-wake disorders, and provides in-depth insight into the impact of disturbed sleep and wakefulness on clinical course and treatment outcomes of comorbid psychiatric conditions. Treatments reviewed include both evidence-based pharmacological and behavioral strategies to address sleep-wake disorders in patients with psychiatric disorders. Case vignettes are added to assist in the understanding of key clinical concepts of sleep and psychiatric comorbidity and multiple-choice questions are added for self-assessment. This comprehensive text aims to cater to the needs of the clinicians in a wide range of medical specialties including psychiatrists, sleep medicine physicians, psychologists, primary care physicians, and neurologists who strive to improve the sleep and clinical outcomes of their patients with psychiatric disorders.
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Cohen, Daniel A., and Asim Roy. Sleep and Neurological Disorders. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198778240.003.0010.

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Scientific investigation of the relationships between sleep and neurological disorders is at a relatively early stage. Damage to the nervous system or impaired neural development can cause a wide array of sleep disorders. In turn, sleep disruption may impair neuroplastic processes that are important for functional recovery after nervous system insults. Sleep disorders in patients with neurological disease can negatively affect quality of life for both the patients and the caregivers. Cardiovascular, metabolic, and immune process changes associated with sleep disorders may exacerbate the underlying neuropathological changes in neurological disease. Early intervention for sleep disorders in these patients may substantially improve neurological outcomes. More randomized, controlled treatment trials will ultimately help to determine the optimal timing and treatment modalities for the sleep disorders in these patients and the impact this will have on improving neurological health, enhancing neurological function, and reducing the care burden for this population.
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Harder, Louise, and Atul Malhotra. Pathophysiology and therapeutic strategy for sleep disturbance in the ICU. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0225.

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Robust data have shown that sleep disruption and inadequate sleep duration in the general population impact neurocognitive function and produce cardiometabolic sequelae. Despite widespread recognition of the importance of sleep as an essential homeostatic function, there are relatively few data regarding the importance of sleep in critically-ill patients. Obstructive sleep apnoea is a common respiratory condition that is prevalent in the ICU and can be particularly problematic pre-intubation, post-extubation, and in the peri-operative setting. Considerable discussion regarding the impact of sleep versus sedation has occurred, with some insights emerging from improvements in our understanding of basic neurobiology. Sleep disturbance may also have an impact in critically-ill mechanically-ventilated patients by contributing to the development of delirium, which is associated with poor outcomes. However, further data are required to determine the ideal strategy to optimize sleep in the ICU and whether such strategies will in turn improve hard outcomes of critically-ill patients.
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Hoff, Scott, and Nancy A. Collop. Sleep Disorders and Recovery from Critical Illness. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199653461.003.0022.

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Many factors contribute to sleep disruption in critically ill patients. Sleep is a complex process, with broad effects on diverse physiologic systems. Environmental factors, such as light exposure, noise from diverse sources, and sleep interruptions related to patient care, have all received considerable investigational attention. Critical illness can affect elements involved in sleep initiation and maintenance. The various modes of mechanical ventilation may have different effects on sleep fragmentation and on the propensity to cause central apnoeas, thereby potentially prolonging the time on the ventilator. Pharmacologic agents, especially sedatives, can directly affect sleep architecture and may contribute to the incidence of intensive care unit delirium. Additional research is needed on the biological effects of critical illness on sleep, how sleep disruption affects systemic physiology and outcomes, and how these interactions can be modulated for therapeutic purposes.
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Lee, Kathryn Ann. SLEEP PATTERNS, TEMPERATURE RHYTHMS, AND HEALTH OUTCOMES IN HEALTHY WOMEN AT TWO PHASES OF THE MENSTRUAL CYCLE. 1986.

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Moore, Melisa, and Jodi A. Mindell. The Impact of Behavioral Interventions for Sleep Problems on Secondary Outcomes in Young Children and Their Families. Edited by Amy Wolfson and Hawley Montgomery-Downs. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199873630.013.0040.

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Horowitz, Sandra L. “I Am Pregnant; Why Can’t I Sleep?”. Edited by Angela O’Neal. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190609917.003.0029.

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This chapter reviews the common sleep disorders of pregnancy. During pregnancy and postpartum, 84% of women report poor sleep at least a few nights a week. These problems are common, disruptive to daytime and nighttime activity, and may have multiple causes. This chapter covers aspects of insomnia and restless leg syndrome. It also discusses sleep apnea in pregnancy with related hormonal changes that may increase the incidence. There is an association of sleep apnea and pregnancy-induced hypertension, with increased adverse outcomes of pregnancy, including fetal growth retardation and premature birth. It has been suggested that treating nocturnal airflow limitation may improve gestational hypertension. The recommended therapies in this chapter may also be applied to non-pregnant patients with similar complaints.
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Book chapters on the topic "Sleep outcomes"

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Vicini, Claudio, Filippo Montevecchi, Aldo Campanini, Iacopo Dallan, Paul T. Hoff, Matthew E. Spector, Erica R. Thaler, et al. "Expected Outcomes." In TransOral Robotic Surgery for Obstructive Sleep Apnea, 143–49. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-34040-1_16.

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Copeland, Christopher T., Jessica Holster, and Morgan B. Glusman. "Neuropsychological Outcomes of Disordered Sleep." In Sleep Disorders in Selected Psychiatric Settings, 159–64. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-59309-4_18.

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Ross, Kristie R., and Susan Redline. "Sleep Outcomes in Children Born Prematurely." In Respiratory Outcomes in Preterm Infants, 161–79. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48835-6_10.

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Shahid, Azmeh, Kate Wilkinson, Shai Marcu, and Colin M. Shapiro. "Functional Outcomes of Sleep Questionnaire (FOSQ)." In STOP, THAT and One Hundred Other Sleep Scales, 179–80. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-9893-4_39.

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Tobias, Lauren, Margaret Pisani, and Carolyn D’Ambrosio. "Sleep Disruption and its Relationship to ICU Outcomes." In Sleep in Critical Illness, 175–90. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-06447-0_11.

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Shahid, Azmeh, Kate Wilkinson, Shai Marcu, and Colin M. Shapiro. "Snore Outcomes Survey (SOS)." In STOP, THAT and One Hundred Other Sleep Scales, 359–61. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-9893-4_88.

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McKinley, Sharon, Rosalind Elliott, Wade Stedman, and Julia Pilowsky. "Long-Term Outcomes: Sleep in Survivors of Critical Illness." In Sleep in Critical Illness, 191–209. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-06447-0_12.

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Shahid, Azmeh, Kate Wilkinson, Shai Marcu, and Colin M. Shapiro. "Medical Outcomes Study Sleep Scale (MOS-SS)." In STOP, THAT and One Hundred Other Sleep Scales, 219–22. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-9893-4_50.

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Suchecki, Deborah, and Sergio Tufik. "Neuroendocrine Outcomes of Sleep Deprivation in Humans and Animals." In Neuroendocrine Correlates of Sleep/Wakefulness, 179–99. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/0-387-23692-9_9.

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Seay, Everett, and Raj Dedhia. "Effect of Hypoglossal Nerve Stimulation on Cardiovascular Outcomes." In Upper Airway Stimulation in Obstructive Sleep Apnea, 29–38. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-89504-4_3.

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Conference papers on the topic "Sleep outcomes"

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Winiger, Evan, Leah Hitchcock, Angela Bryan, and Cinnamon Bidwell. "Cannabis Use and Sleep: A look at the Expectations, Outcomes, and the Role of Age." In 2020 Virtual Scientific Meeting of the Research Society on Marijuana. Research Society on Marijuana, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.26828/cannabis.2021.01.000.12.

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Objectives: Estimate the associations between cannabis use with expectations of cannabis being a sleep aid, subjective sleep outcomes, and the influence of age on these relationships. Methods: In 152 moderate cannabis users (67% female, mean age = 31.45, SD = 12.96, age range = 21-70) we assessed the influence of cannabis use history and behaviors on expectations of cannabis being a sleep aid and subjective sleep outcomes via the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). We used moderation analysis to examine the role of age in the relationship between cannabis use and subjective sleep outcomes. Results: Cannabis use along with more frequent cannabis use were associated with increased expectations that cannabis use improves sleep (all β > 0.03, p < 0.04). Frequency of recent cannabis use and reported average THC or CBD concentration were largely not associated with subjective sleep outcomes. However, endorsing current cannabis use was associated with worse subjective sleep quality (β = 1.34, p = 0.02) and increased frequency of consuming edibles was associated with worse subjective sleep efficiency (β = 0.03, p = 0.04), lower sleep duration (β = 0.03, p = 0.01), and higher global PSQI scores (worse overall sleep) (β = 0.10, p = 0.01). Furthermore, age was determined to have a moderating influence on the relationship between increased concentration of CBD and both better sleep duration and sleep quality (both p < 0.03). Conclusion: Cannabis users have higher expectations of cannabis being a sleep aid, but few associations existed between cannabis use and subjective sleep outcomes with the exceptions of endorsing any cannabis use and frequency of edible use. Additionally, age may be an important moderator of the potential positive influence CBD concentration can have on sleep.
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Murugesu, N., E. Phillips, W. Peniston, T. O’Shaughnessy, J. Martin-Lazaro, and V. Macavei. "Review of acute NIV outcomes including effect of controlled oxygen ventilation in a university hospital." In Sleep and Breathing 2021 abstracts. European Respiratory Society, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/23120541.sleepandbreathing-2021.21.

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Sajnic, Andreja, Aleksandra Trupkovic, Tanja Zovko, Sandra Karabatic, Ivana Lalic, and Miroslav Samarzija. "Obstructive sleep apnea and specific cardiovascular outcomes." In ERS International Congress 2018 abstracts. European Respiratory Society, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2018.pa1507.

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Sabil, A., M. Blanchard, W. Trzepizur, F. Goupil, N. Meslier, A. Paris, T. Pigeanne, P. Priou, M. Le Vaillant, and F. Gagnadoux. "Prevalence, characteristics, and treatment outcomes of positional obstructive sleep apnea in the pays de la Loire Sleep Cohort." In Sleep and Breathing 2021 abstracts. European Respiratory Society, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/23120541.sleepandbreathing-2021.31.

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Fernandes Palheiros Conde, Bebiana Da Conceição, Natália Martins, Elsa Matos, Inês Rodrigues, and João Carlos Winck. "Ventilatory support criteria in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) patients and outcomes." In ERS/ESRS Sleep and Breathing Conference 2019 abstracts. European Respiratory Society, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/23120541.sleepandbreathing-2019.p25.

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McCloy, K., B. Duce, C. Hukins, and U. Abeyratne. "Mapping Sleep Spindle Characteristics to Vigilance Outcomes in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea." In 2021 43rd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine & Biology Society (EMBC). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/embc46164.2021.9629998.

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Almeida, Beatriz, Carlos Albuquerque, Madalena Cunha, and Anabela Antunes. "SLEEP QUALITY AND SLEEP HABITS IN STUDENTS." In International Conference on Education and New Developments. inScience Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36315/2021end102.

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Introduction: The student stage is marked by many changes that will affect different aspects of young youth life, including changes in sleep patterns. Sleep is known to play an active role in the overall development of students, mainly because of its restorative functions and an insufficient number of hours of sleep can be associated with consequences on physical and mental health. Objectives: To analyze the factors that interfere with higher education students’ sleep quality. Methods: A systematic review of the literature was carried out drawing on a selection of articles published between 2012 and 2020, following the method proposed by the Joanna Briggs Institute and according to the Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyzes (PRISMA). This selection was carried out using PubMed, B-On and SCIELO search engines. The review was based on 5 articles whose methodological quality was found to be undeniable. Results: Results show that, on the whole, students suffer from a poor quality of sleep. This situation is commonly associated with factors such as being a higher education student worker, shift work, or caffeine, alcohol, and tobacco use, among others. Conclusions: In view of the outcomes, it became clear that higher education students need to be made more aware of the importance of sleep habits and daytime sleepiness, and to improve their health literacy. They need to be informed and trained in these areas so they may reduce or at least prevent certain risk behaviours that increasingly threaten their sleep quality and overall health.
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Alex, R. M., D. Mann, A. Azarbarzin, D. Vena, L. Gell, A. Wellman, S. Redline, and S. A. Sands. "Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes of Airflow Limitation During Sleep: Nulliparous Pregnancy Outcomes Study Monitoring Mothers-to-Be (nuMoM2b)." In American Thoracic Society 2022 International Conference, May 13-18, 2022 - San Francisco, CA. American Thoracic Society, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2022.205.1_meetingabstracts.a4815.

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Koinis-Mitchell, D., S. J. Kopel, E. L. McQuaid, N. Vehse, P. Mitchell, and E. Jelalian. "Physical Activity and Asthma Outcomes in Urban Children: Does Sleep Matter?" In American Thoracic Society 2020 International Conference, May 15-20, 2020 - Philadelphia, PA. American Thoracic Society, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2020.201.1_meetingabstracts.a7748.

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Corrigan, J., I. Ogah, A. Ip-Buting, H. Sharpe, C. Laratta, W. H. Tsai, and S. R. Pendharkar. "Challenges with Recruiting Rural Participants for Outcomes Research in Obstructive Sleep Apnea." In American Thoracic Society 2020 International Conference, May 15-20, 2020 - Philadelphia, PA. American Thoracic Society, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2020.201.1_meetingabstracts.a4153.

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Reports on the topic "Sleep outcomes"

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Cunha, Lúcio, Júlio Costa, Elisa A. Marques, João Brito, Michele Lastella, and Pedro Figueiredo. The Impact of Sleep Interventions on Athletes Performance: A Systematic Review. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.5.0069.

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Review question / Objective: The aim of this systematic review is to analyze the impact of sleep interventions on athletes’ performance. Condition being studied: Athletic performance after a sleep intervention (e.g., sleep hygiene, sleep extension or nap). Eligibility criteria: This review will be conducted based on the PRISMA guidelines and the PICOS approach.Articles will be eligible if they were published or in-press in peer-reviewed journals (i.e., abstracts published in conference proceedings, books, theses, and dissertations will be not considered), published in English language, and abstract was available for screening. No gender or age restriction will be applied. The PICOS approach will be established as follows: Population: Individual or team sports athletes; Intervention: Strategies to improve or extend sleep; Comparators: Control group or a baseline phase without sleep intervention; Outcomes: Subjective and/or objective measurement of sleep and physical and/or cognitive performance.
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Basis, Najwa, and Tamar Shochat. Associations between religion and sleep: A systematic review of observational studies in the adult population. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, July 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.7.0057.

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Review question / Objective: The aim of this systematic review is to investigate observational studies on the association between religion and sleep in the adult population. To this end, the proposed systematic review will address the following question: What is the role religion plays in shaping an individual's sleep health? Condition being studied: Sleep is a fundamental biological process increasingly recognized as a critical indicator of development and overall health. Generally, insufficient sleep is associated with depressed mood, daytime fatigue, poor daytime functioning and daytime sleepiness, increased risk of cancer, cardiovascular problems, diabetes, and the cause of the higher risk of mortality. Furthermore, changes in sleep architecture and quality have been related to cognitive deterioration, including dementia and Alzheimer's disease. Here we will identify the role of religion in elements of sleep health, to include sleep duration and sleep quality, and associated health outcomes in the adult population.
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Czerwaty, Katarzyna, Karolina Dżaman, Krystyna Maria Sobczyk, and Katarzyna Irmina Sikrorska. The Overlap Syndrome of Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Systematic Review. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.11.0077.

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Review question / Objective: To provide the essential findings in the field of overlap syndrome of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and obstructive sleep apnea, including prevalence, possible predictors, association with clinical outcomes, and severity compared to both chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and obstructive sleep apnea patients. Condition being studied: OSA is characterized by complete cessation (apnea) or significant decrease (hy-popnea) in airflow during sleep and recurrent episodes of upper airway collapse cause it during sleep leading to nocturnal oxyhemoglobin desaturations and arousals from rest. The recurrent arousals which occur in OSA lead to neurocognitive consequences, daytime sleepiness, and reduced quality of life. Because of apneas and hypopneas, patients are experiencing hypoxemia and hypercapnia, which result in increasing levels of catecholamine, oxidative stress, and low-grade inflammation that lead to the appearance of cardio-metabolic consequences of OSA. COPD is a chronic inflammatory lung disease defined by persistent, usually pro-gressive AFL (airflow limitation). Changes in lung mechanics lead to the main clini-cal manifestations of dyspnea, cough, and chronic expectoration. Furthermore, patients with COPD often suffer from anxiety and depression also, the risk of OSA and insomnia is higher than those hospitalized for other reasons. Although COPD is twice as rare as asthma but is the cause of death eight times more often.
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Treadwell, Jonathan R., James T. Reston, Benjamin Rouse, Joann Fontanarosa, Neha Patel, and Nikhil K. Mull. Automated-Entry Patient-Generated Health Data for Chronic Conditions: The Evidence on Health Outcomes. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepctb38.

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Background. Automated-entry consumer devices that collect and transmit patient-generated health data (PGHD) are being evaluated as potential tools to aid in the management of chronic diseases. The need exists to evaluate the evidence regarding consumer PGHD technologies, particularly for devices that have not gone through Food and Drug Administration evaluation. Purpose. To summarize the research related to automated-entry consumer health technologies that provide PGHD for the prevention or management of 11 chronic diseases. Methods. The project scope was determined through discussions with Key Informants. We searched MEDLINE and EMBASE (via EMBASE.com), In-Process MEDLINE and PubMed unique content (via PubMed.gov), and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews for systematic reviews or controlled trials. We also searched ClinicalTrials.gov for ongoing studies. We assessed risk of bias and extracted data on health outcomes, surrogate outcomes, usability, sustainability, cost-effectiveness outcomes (quantifying the tradeoffs between health effects and cost), process outcomes, and other characteristics related to PGHD technologies. For isolated effects on health outcomes, we classified the results in one of four categories: (1) likely no effect, (2) unclear, (3) possible positive effect, or (4) likely positive effect. When we categorized the data as “unclear” based solely on health outcomes, we then examined and classified surrogate outcomes for that particular clinical condition. Findings. We identified 114 unique studies that met inclusion criteria. The largest number of studies addressed patients with hypertension (51 studies) and obesity (43 studies). Eighty-four trials used a single PGHD device, 23 used 2 PGHD devices, and the other 7 used 3 or more PGHD devices. Pedometers, blood pressure (BP) monitors, and scales were commonly used in the same studies. Overall, we found a “possible positive effect” of PGHD interventions on health outcomes for coronary artery disease, heart failure, and asthma. For obesity, we rated the health outcomes as unclear, and the surrogate outcomes (body mass index/weight) as likely no effect. For hypertension, we rated the health outcomes as unclear, and the surrogate outcomes (systolic BP/diastolic BP) as possible positive effect. For cardiac arrhythmias or conduction abnormalities we rated the health outcomes as unclear and the surrogate outcome (time to arrhythmia detection) as likely positive effect. The findings were “unclear” regarding PGHD interventions for diabetes prevention, sleep apnea, stroke, Parkinson’s disease, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Most studies did not report harms related to PGHD interventions; the relatively few harms reported were minor and transient, with event rates usually comparable to harms in the control groups. Few studies reported cost-effectiveness analyses, and only for PGHD interventions for hypertension, coronary artery disease, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; the findings were variable across different chronic conditions and devices. Patient adherence to PGHD interventions was highly variable across studies, but patient acceptance/satisfaction and usability was generally fair to good. However, device engineers independently evaluated consumer wearable and handheld BP monitors and considered the user experience to be poor, while their assessment of smartphone-based electrocardiogram monitors found the user experience to be good. Student volunteers involved in device usability testing of the Weight Watchers Online app found it well-designed and relatively easy to use. Implications. Multiple randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have evaluated some PGHD technologies (e.g., pedometers, scales, BP monitors), particularly for obesity and hypertension, but health outcomes were generally underreported. We found evidence suggesting a possible positive effect of PGHD interventions on health outcomes for four chronic conditions. Lack of reporting of health outcomes and insufficient statistical power to assess these outcomes were the main reasons for “unclear” ratings. The majority of studies on PGHD technologies still focus on non-health-related outcomes. Future RCTs should focus on measurement of health outcomes. Furthermore, future RCTs should be designed to isolate the effect of the PGHD intervention from other components in a multicomponent intervention.
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Selph, Shelly S., Andrea C. Skelly, Ngoc Wasson, Joseph R. Dettori, Erika D. Brodt, Erik Ensrud, Diane Elliot, et al. Physical Activity and the Health of Wheelchair Users: A Systematic Review in Multiple Sclerosis, Cerebral Palsy, and Spinal Cord Injury. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), October 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepccer241.

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Objectives. Although the health benefits of physical activity are well described for the general population, less is known about the benefits and harms of physical activity in people dependent upon, partially dependent upon, or at risk for needing a wheelchair. This systematic review summarizes the evidence for physical activity in people with multiple sclerosis, cerebral palsy, and spinal cord injury regardless of current use or nonuse of a wheelchair. Data sources. We searched MEDLINE®, CINAHL®, PsycINFO®, Cochrane CENTRAL, Embase®, and Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine Source from 2008 through November 2020, reference lists, and clinical trial registries. Review methods. Predefined criteria were used to select randomized controlled trials, quasiexperimental nonrandomized trials, and cohort studies that addressed the benefits and harms of observed physical activity (at least 10 sessions on 10 different days of movement using more energy than rest) in participants with multiple sclerosis, cerebral palsy, and spinal cord injury. Individual study quality (risk of bias) and the strength of bodies of evidence for key outcomes were assessed using prespecified methods. Dual review procedures were used. Effects were analyzed by etiology of impairment and physical activity modality, such as treadmill, aquatic exercises, and yoga, using qualitative, and when appropriate, quantitative synthesis using random effects meta-analyses. Results. We included 146 randomized controlled trials, 15 quasiexperimental nonrandomized trials, and 7 cohort studies (168 studies in 197 publications). More studies enrolled participants with multiple sclerosis (44%) than other conditions, followed by cerebral palsy (38%) and spinal cord injury (18%). Most studies were rated fair quality (moderate risk of bias). The majority of the evidence was rated low strength. • In participants with multiple sclerosis, walking ability may be improved with treadmill training and multimodal exercise regimens that include strength training; function may be improved with treadmill training, balance exercises, and motion gaming; balance is likely improved with postural control exercises (which may also reduce risk of falls) and may be improved with aquatic exercises, robot-assisted gait training, treadmill training, motion gaming, and multimodal exercises; activities of daily living may be improved with aquatic therapy; sleep may be improved with aerobic exercises; aerobic fitness may be improved with multimodal exercises; and female sexual function may be improved with aquatic exercise. • In participants with cerebral palsy, balance may be improved with hippotherapy and motion gaming, and function may be improved with cycling, treadmill training, and hippotherapy. • In participants with spinal cord injury, evidence suggested that activities of daily living may be improved with robot-assisted gait training. • When randomized controlled trials were pooled across types of exercise, physical activity interventions were found to improve walking in multiple sclerosis and likely improve balance and depression in multiple sclerosis. Physical activity may improve function and aerobic fitness in people with cerebral palsy or spinal cord injury. When studies of populations with multiple sclerosis and cerebral palsy were combined, evidence indicated dance may improve function. • Evidence on long-term health outcomes was not found for any analysis groups. For intermediate outcomes such as blood pressure, lipid profile, and blood glucose, there was insufficient evidence from which to draw conclusions. There was inadequate reporting of adverse events in many trials. Conclusions. Physical activity was associated with improvements in walking ability, general function, balance (including fall risk), depression, sleep, activities of daily living, female sexual function, and aerobic capacity, depending on population enrolled and type of exercise utilized. No studies reported long-term cardiovascular or metabolic disease health outcomes. Future trials could alter these findings; further research is needed to examine health outcomes, and to understand the magnitude and clinical importance of benefits seen in intermediate outcomes.
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Treadwell, Jonathan R., Mingche Wu, and Amy Y. Tsou. Management of Infantile Epilepsies. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), October 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepccer252.

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Objectives. Uncontrolled seizures in children 1 to 36 months old have serious short-term health risks and may be associated with substantial developmental, behavioral, and psychological impairments. We evaluated the effectiveness, comparative effectiveness, and harms of pharmacologic, dietary, surgical, neuromodulation, and gene therapy treatments for infantile epilepsies. Data sources. We searched Embase®, MEDLINE®, PubMed®, the Cochrane Library, and gray literature for studies published from January 1, 1999, to August 19, 2021. Review methods. Using standard Evidence-based Practice Center methods, we refined the scope and applied a priori inclusion criteria to the >10,000 articles identified. We ordered full text of any pediatric epilepsy articles to determine if they reported any data on those age 1 month to <36 months. We extracted key information from each included study, rated risk of bias, and rated the strength of evidence. We summarized the studies and outcomes narratively. Results. Forty-one studies (44 articles) met inclusion criteria. For pharmacotherapy, levetiracetam may cause seizure freedom in some patients (strength of evidence [SOE]: low), but data on other medications (topiramate, lamotrigine, phenytoin, vigabatrin, rufinamide, stiripentol) were insufficient to permit conclusions. Both ketogenic diet and the modified Atkins diet may reduce seizure frequency (SOE: low for both). In addition, the ketogenic diet may cause seizure freedom in some infants (SOE: low) and may be more likely than the modified Atkins diet to reduce seizure frequency (SOE: low). Both hemispherectomy/hemispherotomy and non-hemispheric surgical procedures may cause seizure freedom in some infants (SOE: low for both), but the precise proportion is too variable to estimate. For three medications (levetiracetam, topiramate, and lamotrigine), adverse effects may rarely be severe enough to warrant discontinuation (SOE: low). For topiramate, non-severe adverse effects include loss of appetite and upper respiratory tract infection (SOE: moderate). Harms of diets were sparsely reported. For surgical interventions, surgical mortality is rare for functional hemispherectomy/hemispherotomy and non-hemispheric procedures (SOE: low), but evidence was insufficient to permit quantitative estimates of mortality or morbidity risk. Hydrocephalus requiring shunt placement after multilobar, lobar, or focal resection is uncommon (SOE: low). No studies assessed neuromodulation or gene therapy. Conclusions. Levetiracetam, ketogenic diet, modified Atkins diet, and surgery all appear to be effective for some infants. However, the strength of the evidence is low for all of these modalities due to lack of control groups, low patient enrollment, and inconsistent reporting. Future studies should compare different pharmacologic treatments and compare pharmacotherapy with dietary therapy. Critical outcomes underrepresented in the literature include quality of life, sleep outcomes, and long-term development.
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Li, wanlin, jie Yun, siying He, ziqi Zhou, and ling He. Effect of different exercise therapies on fatigue in maintenance hemodialysis patients:A Bayesian Network Meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.11.0144.

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Review question / Objective: Population: maintenance hemodialysis patients. Intervention: exercise therapy (resistance exercise； aerobic exercise； resistance combined aerobic exercise； muscle relaxation training； Baduanjin ). Comparison: simple routine nursing. Outcome: fatigue； sleep quality. Study design: randomized controlled trial. Eligibility criteria: Inclusion and exclusion criteria： RCT of study type exercise intervention in MHD patients' fatigue； Study subjects： MHD patients ≥18 years old, regardless of gender, nationality or race； The intervention measures were exercise therapy, including resistance exercise, aerobic exercise, resistance combined aerobic exercise, Baduanjin, muscle relaxation training, etc. The control group was conventional nursing measures or the comparison of the above exercise therapy； Outcome indicators： The primary outcome indicator was fatigue score, and the secondary outcome indicator was sleep quality score； Exclusion criteria： Literature using non-exercise intervention; Non-Chinese and English documents; Unable to obtain the full text or repeated publication of literature; The data cannot be extracted or the extraction is incomplete; There are serious defects in the design of the research experiment.
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Wang, Lili, Xuesong Wang, Yin Wu, Lingxiao Ye, Yahua Zheng, and Rui Fan. The Effects of Non-Pharmacological Therapies for Psychological State of Medical Staff in the Post-epidemic Era: A Protocol Network Meta-Analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.2.0080.

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Review question / Objective: To compare and rank the clinical effects of Non-Pharmacological Therapies for Psychological State of Medical Staff in the Post-epidemic Eradifferent. Eligibility criteria: The published randomized controlled trials (RCT) of non-Pharmacological Therapies for Psychological State of Medical Staff in the Post-epidemic Era, regardless of age and gender. Patients had clear diagnostic criteria to be diagnosed. Interventions in the treatment group included were various types of non-pharmacological therapies, including various types of acupuncture therapies (such as simple acupuncture, electroacupuncture, warm acupuncture, acupuncture catgut embedding, Auricular therapy, or the combination of acupuncture and other Non-Pharmacological Therapies), meditation, Baduanjin, Tai Chi, aerobic exercise, yoga, psychotherapy, music therapy, etc.; the control group was conventional treatment groups or different non-pharmacological therapies compared with each other. The results of the report are required to include at least one of the following outcome indicators: The self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), the Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS), the Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI), and effectiveness rate. The language of the publication is limited to Chinese or English.
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