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Phillips, Sophie M., Carolyn Summerbell, Kathryn R. Hesketh, Sonia Saxena, and Frances C. Hillier-Brown. "Parental Views on the Acceptability and Feasibility of Measurement Tools Used to Assess Movement Behaviour of Pre-School Children: A Qualitative Study." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 6 (March 21, 2022): 3733. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19063733.
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Movement behaviours (physical activity, sedentary behaviour, and sleep) are important for the health and development of pre-school children (aged 3–4 years). There is limited qualitative research examining the acceptability and feasibility of tools used to assess movement behaviours in pre-schoolers. This study explored parental views on various measurement tools in three deprived areas in England, UK (West Yorkshire, County Durham and Northumberland). The study consisted of a demonstration of the different tools (accelerometers, a diary and a questionnaire), directly followed by focus group discussions. Three focus group discussions with a total of eleven parents and carers were transcribed verbatim and analysed using thematic analysis. Findings revealed four main themes: (1) importance of contextual information when using any measurement tool (e.g., child illness, capturing different routines); (2) practical issues associated with devices (e.g., aversion to devices being attached directly to the skin of their child; concern of larger devices during sleep time); (3) encouraging children to wear a device (e.g., making devices attractive to children—‘superpowers’); and (4) presentation of diaries and questionnaires (e.g., age-appropriate movement activities, preference for real-time recording over recall). Practical recommendations for the use of the tools to measure movement behaviours of pre-school children are provided.
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Jeffs, Emma L., and Julie L. Darbyshire. "Measuring Sleep in the Intensive Care Unit: A Critical Appraisal of the Use of Subjective Methods." Journal of Intensive Care Medicine 34, no. 9 (June 20, 2017): 751–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0885066617712197.
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Objectives:To collate and appraise the use of subjective measures to assess sleep in the intensive care unit (ICU).Design:A systematic search and critical review of the published literature.Data Sources:Medline, Scopus, and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature were searched using combinations of the key words “Sleep,” “Critical Care,” “Intensive Care,” and “Sleep Disorders,” and this was complemented by hand searching the most recent systematic reviews on related topics.Study Eligibility Criteria:Papers were limited to non-gray English-language studies of the adult population, published in the last 10 years.Outcome Measures:Primary outcomes were the number and categorization of quantitative studies reporting measures of sleep, the number of participants for each data collection method, and a synthesis of related material to appraise the use of survey tools commonly used for sleep measurement in the ICU.Results:Thirty-eight papers reported quantitative empirical data collection on sleep, 17 of which used a primary method of subjective assessment of sleep by the patient or nurse. Thirteen methods of subjective sleep assessment were identified. Many of these tools lacked validity and reliability testing.Conclusions:Research using questionnaires to assess sleep is commonplace in light of practical barriers to polysomnography or other measures of sleep. A methodologically sound approach to tool development and testing is crucial to gather meaningful data, and this robust approach was lacking in many cases. Further research measuring sleep subjectively in ICU should use the Richards Campbell Sleep Questionnaire, and researchers should maintain a commitment to transparency in describing methods.
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Ellender, Claire M., Syeda Farah Zahir, Hailey Meaklim, Rosemarie Joyce, David Cunnington, and John Swieca. "Prospective cohort study to evaluate the accuracy of sleep measurement by consumer-grade smart devices compared with polysomnography in a sleep disorders population." BMJ Open 11, no. 11 (November 2021): e044015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-044015.
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ObjectivesConsumer-grade smart devices are now commonly used by the public to measure waking activity and sleep. However, the ability of these devices to accurately measure sleep in clinical populations warrants more examination. The aim of the present study was to assess the accuracy of three consumer-grade sleep monitors compared with gold standard polysomnography (PSG).DesignA prospective cohort study was performed.SettingAdults undergoing PSG for investigation of a suspected sleep disorder.Participants54 sleep-clinic patients were assessed using three consumer-grade sleep monitors (Jawbone UP3, ResMed S+ and Beddit) in addition to PSG.OutcomesJawbone UP3, ResMed S+ and Beddit were compared with gold standard in-laboratory PSG on four major sleep parameters—total sleep time (TST), sleep onset latency (SOL), wake after sleep onset (WASO) and sleep efficiency (SE).ResultsThe accelerometer Jawbone UP3 was found to overestimate TST by 28 min (limits of agreement, LOA=−100.23 to 157.37), with reasonable agreement compared with gold standard for TST, WASO and SE. The doppler radar ResMed S+ device underestimated TST by 34 min (LOA=−257.06 to 188.34) and had poor absolute agreement compared with PSG for TST, SOL and SE. The mattress device, Beddit underestimated TST by 53 min (LOA=−238.79 to 132) on average and poor reliability compared with PSG for all measures except TST. High device synchronisation failure occurred, with 20% of recordings incomplete due to Bluetooth drop out and recording loss.ConclusionPoor to moderate agreement was found between PSG and each of the tested devices, however, Jawbone UP3 had relatively better absolute agreement than other devices in sleep measurements compared with PSG. Consumer grade devices assessed do not have strong enough agreement with gold standard measurement to replace clinical evaluation and PSG sleep testing. The models tested here have been superseded and newer models may have increase accuracy and thus potentially powerful patient engagement tools for long-term sleep measurement.
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Mills, RJ, A. Tennant, and CA Young. "The Neurological Sleep Index: A suite of new sleep scales for multiple sclerosis." Multiple Sclerosis Journal - Experimental, Translational and Clinical 2 (January 1, 2016): 205521731664226. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2055217316642263.
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Objective The objective of this study was to develop patient-reported outcome measures for sleep dysfunction and sleepiness in multiple sclerosis (MS), since there are currently no MS-specific measurement tools for these clinically important entities. Methods Items were generated from semi-structured interviews followed by cognitive debrief. A 42-item pool was administered to patients with MS at three neuroscience centres in the UK. Comparator scales were co-administered. Constructs were validated by Rasch analysis, guided by initial exploratory factor analysis. Results There were two supraordinate qualitative themes of diurnal sleepiness and non-restorative nocturnal sleep. Rasch analysis on 722 records produced three scales, which corresponded to diurnal sleepiness, non-restorative nocturnal sleep and fragmented nocturnal sleep. All had excellent fit parameters, were unidimensional and were free from differential item functioning. A summed raw score cut-point of 31/48 in the Diurnal Sleepiness Scale equated to the standard cut-point of 10 on the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS). Conclusion Three high-quality measurement scales were developed, and together they compose the Neurological Sleep Index for MS (NSI-MS). The Diurnal Sleepiness Scale might provide an alternative to the ESS. The Non-Restorative Nocturnal Sleep Scale and the Fragmented Nocturnal Sleep Scale appear to be the only such measures for use in MS.
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Crowcroft, Stephen, Erin McCleave, Katie Slattery, and Aaron J. Coutts. "Assessing the Measurement Sensitivity and Diagnostic Characteristics of Athlete-Monitoring Tools in National Swimmers." International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 12, s2 (April 2017): S2–95—S2–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2016-0406.
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Purpose:To assess measurement sensitivity and diagnostic characteristics of athlete-monitoring tools to identify performance change.Methods:Fourteen nationally competitive swimmers (11 male, 3 female; age 21.2 ± 3.2 y) recorded daily monitoring over 15 mo. The self-report group (n = 7) reported general health, energy levels, motivation, stress, recovery, soreness, and wellness. The combined group (n = 7) recorded sleep quality, perceived fatigue, total quality recovery (TQR), and heart-rate variability. The week-to-week change in mean weekly values was presented as coefficient of variance (CV%). Reliability was assessed on 3 occasions and expressed as the typical error CV%. Week-to-week change was divided by the reliability of each measure to calculate the signal-to-noise ratio. The diagnostic characteristics for both groups were assessed with receiver-operating-curve analysis, where area under the curve (AUC), Youden index, sensitivity, and specificity of measures were reported. A minimum AUC of .70 and lower confidence interval (CI) >.50 classified a “good” diagnostic tool to assess performance change.Results:Week-to-week variability was greater than reliability for soreness (3.1), general health (3.0), wellness% (2.0), motivation (1.6), sleep (2.6), TQR (1.8), fatigue (1.4), R-R interval (2.5), and LnRMSSD:RR (1.3). Only general health was a “good” diagnostic tool to assess decreased performance (AUC –.70, 95% CI, .61–.80).Conclusion:Many monitoring variables are sensitive to changes in fitness and fatigue. However, no single monitoring variable could discriminate performance change. As such the use of a multidimensional system that may be able to better account for variations in fitness and fatigue should be considered.
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Wiggin, Timothy D., Patricia R. Goodwin, Nathan C. Donelson, Chang Liu, Kien Trinh, Subhabrata Sanyal, and Leslie C. Griffith. "Covert sleep-related biological processes are revealed by probabilistic analysis in Drosophila." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 18 (April 17, 2020): 10024–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1917573117.
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Sleep pressure and sleep depth are key regulators of wake and sleep. Current methods of measuring these parameters in Drosophila melanogaster have low temporal resolution and/or require disrupting sleep. Here we report analysis tools for high-resolution, noninvasive measurement of sleep pressure and depth from movement data. Probability of initiating activity, P(Wake), measures sleep depth while probability of ceasing activity, P(Doze), measures sleep pressure. In vivo and computational analyses show that P(Wake) and P(Doze) are largely independent and control the amount of total sleep. We also develop a Hidden Markov Model that allows visualization of distinct sleep/wake substates. These hidden states have a predictable relationship with P(Doze) and P(Wake), suggesting that the methods capture the same behaviors. Importantly, we demonstrate that both the Doze/Wake probabilities and the sleep/wake substates are tied to specific biological processes. These metrics provide greater mechanistic insight into behavior than measuring the amount of sleep alone.
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Wisana, I. Dewa Gede Hari, Priyambada Cahya Nugraha, and Dwiana Estiwidani. "The Effectiveness Obstructive Sleep Apnea Monitoring Using Telemedicine Smartphone System (TmSS)." Journal of Biomimetics, Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering 50 (April 2021): 113–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/jbbbe.50.113.
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Data at the world health organization shows that around more than 100 million people worldwide suffer from Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) and most sufferers go undetected. The purpose of this study is to develop an apnea monitor that can detect the symptoms of Obstructive Sleep Apnea using the Telemedicine Smartphone System (TmSS). The contribution of this study is the generation of telemedicine systems in sleep apnea monitoring devices. So that the monitoring tools can be effective and efficient when used, then the Obstructive Sleep Apnea monitoring tool is made with the TmSS system that can transmit data values wirelessly and in real-time. This tool uses a flex sensor to detect patient breathing. The output generated by the sensor is then conditioned on an analog signal conditioner (PSA) circuit. The signal output from the PSA is processed on the ATMega 328 microcontroller to get the respiration value which is then sent via Bluetooth HC-05 and displayed on an android smartphone device which will also display a warning notification in the event of stopping breathing (apnea). Based on the results of the measurement of respiration values compared with standard equipment produces the highest error value of 6.98% and the lowest of 0.00%. The tool can send data respiration values using the TmSS system properly. This tool can be implemented to detect the symptoms of Obstructive Sleep Apnea.
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Ryan, Samuel, Emidio Pacecca, Jye Tebble, Joel Hocking, Thomas Kempton, and Aaron J. Coutts. "Measurement Characteristics of Athlete Monitoring Tools in Professional Australian Football." International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 15, no. 4 (April 1, 2020): 457–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2019-0060.
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Purpose: To examine the measurement reliability and sensitivity of common athlete monitoring tools in professional Australian Football players. Methods: Test–retest reliability (noise) and weekly variation (signal) data were collected from 42 professional Australian footballers from 1 club during a competition season. Perceptual wellness was measured via questionnaires completed before main training sessions (48, 72, and 96 h postmatch), with players providing a rating (1–5 Likert scale) regarding their muscle soreness, sleep quality, fatigue level, stress, and motivation. Eccentric hamstring force and countermovement jumps were assessed via proprietary systems once per week. Heart rate recovery was assessed via a standard submaximal run test on a grass-covered field with players wearing a heart rate monitor. The heart rate recovery was calculated by subtracting average heart rate during final 10 seconds of rest from average heart rate during final 30 seconds of exercise. Typical test error was reported as coefficient of variation percentage (CV%) and intraclass coefficients. Sensitivity was calculated by dividing weekly CV% by test CV% to produce a signal to noise ratio. Results: All measures displayed acceptable sensitivity. Signal to noise ratio ranged from 1.3 to 11.1. Intraclass coefficients ranged from .30 to .97 for all measures. Conclusions: The heart rate recovery test, countermovement jump test, eccentric hamstring force test, and perceptual wellness all possess acceptable measurement sensitivity. Signal to noise ratio analysis is a novel method of assessing measurement characteristics of monitoring tools. These data can be used by coaches and scientists to identify meaningful changes in common measures of fitness and fatigue in professional Australian football.
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Min, Yaena, and Patricia W. Slattum. "Poor Sleep and Risk of Falls in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Systematic Review." Journal of Applied Gerontology 37, no. 9 (December 20, 2016): 1059–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0733464816681149.
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Concerns about sleep problems and falls in older adults are significant. This article reviews the association between sleep problems and falls in community-dwelling adults aged 65 years or older. Multiple databases were searched from inception until 2015 using sleep, sleep disorders, and falls as keywords, limiting to studies published in English in peer-reviewed journals. After screening and assessing for eligibility, 18 articles were selected based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Findings of an association between sleep problems and risk of falls are conflicting, but some specific sleep problems such as extremely short sleep duration, daytime sleepiness and naps appear to be significantly related to falls in older adults. Methodological limitations including variability in covariates included in the analyses and measurement of the exposure and outcome variables were identified. The results of this review identified the need to have comparable definitions, validated tools, and rigorous design of future studies.
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Chung, Joon, Matthew Goodman, Tianyi Huang, Suzanne Bertisch, and Susan Redline. "Multidimensional Sleep Health: Concepts, Advances, and Implications for Research and Intervention." Innovation in Aging 5, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2021): 337. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igab046.1306.
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Abstract Sleep is a complex process, sensitive to aging, with theoretical and evidentiary basis for influence on multiple health outcomes. Recent scholarship has argued for a ‘multi-dimensional’ approach to sleep health, that is, a recognition that healthy sleep consists of more than its quantity (duration) and is more than the absence of sleep disorders. This new conception of sleep health acknowledges sleep’s complexity yet presents challenges for methodological treatment. How do we operationalize/analyze multiple dimensions of sleep, some of which are correlated due to physiological reasons, common measurement tools, or sensitivity to common stressors? Is it sensible to talk about ‘sleep health’ as a single, composite entity with multiple components, akin to a dietary pattern rather than a collection of individual nutrients? Exemplar data from a racial-ethnic disparities project in aging adults suggest the utility of a composite approach, and the value of considering inter-correlations among sleep metrics.
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Deering, Sean, and Carl Stepnowsky. "101 Measurement of Tapping During the Interstimulus Interval as a Validation Metric for the 3-Minute Psychomotor Vigilance Test." Sleep 44, Supplement_2 (May 1, 2021): A41—A42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsab072.100.
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Abstract Introduction The Psychomotor Vigilance Test is a well-validated measure of sustained attention used to assess daytime alertness in sleep research studies.1 It is commonly used in a variety of research settings due to its high sensitivity to sleep loss and absence of learning effects,2 making it an ideal tool to assess objective alertness. As some types of sleep research transition out of controlled laboratory environments, tools like the PVT require modification to maximize their reliability. The validation of the 3-minute version (PVT-B) against the 10-minute PVT is an example of this modification.3 However, considerable work is needed to improve trust in the utility of the PVT-B in and outside of traditional laboratory settings. Methods We carefully analyzed data from a mobile-based version of the PVT-B, noting responses that occurred during the interstimulus interval which were termed “wrong taps.” Wrong taps indicated that participants were not performing the task as instructed. In some cases, wrong taps occurred across multiple trials of the same PVT block, indicative of participants repeatedly tapping the screen throughout the task to minimize response times. A comprehensive examination of wrong taps was carried out in order to identify instances where this pattern emerged. Results A total of 1,338,538 PVT-B trials from 7,028 participants were examined to determine the number of wrong taps present across all trials. While 91.7% of PVT-B trials were free of wrong taps, 8.3% of PVT-B trials contained 1 or more wrong taps and 5.2% contained 2 or more wrong taps. It appears that a maximum of one wrong tap per trial is acceptable and trials containing 2 or more should be excluded to maximize PVT data quality. Conclusion Utilizing a metric like wrong taps can help identify individuals taking the PVT-B who are tapping the screen multiple times prior to stimulus display. Closely examining this metric can help to ensure the validity of PVT-B administrations. Two possible uses of the metric could be to provide feedback during training trials and to remove trials where this strategy was employed. Support (if any) This analysis was supported by the VA San Diego Healthcare System Research Service.
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Amzal Mortin Andas, Christantie Effendi, and Sri Setyarini. "Validity and Reliability Test on Sleep Quality Scale (SQS) Instruments in Indonesia Version on Cancer Patients." International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 11, no. 4 (December 24, 2020): 7275–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v11i4.3865.
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Many cancer patients experience sleep disturbances or have poor sleep quality. The measurement of sleep quality in cancer patients has not been carried out in hospitals in Indonesia. The tools for measuring sleep are costly. Sleep quality measurement with sleep quality instruments has not been applied as a standard for patient assessment. To test the validity and reliability of the Indonesian version of the Sleep Quality Scale instrument to measure the quality of one's sleep and to test the internal consistency and retest reliability of the Indonesian version of the Sleep Quality Scale instrument to measure the quality of one's sleep. The instrument used was SQS with six components and 28 items. This research is a quantitative approach with a cross-sectional design. This research is a study of the validity and reliability of the instrument. The content validity test was measured using Aiken's V formula. The construct validity was measured using the product-moment, and using factor analysis, the reliability of SQS was measured using the Cronbach Alphand the reliability of the retest was using the ICC test. The Sleep Quality Scale shows good validity, namely the content validity value of Aiken's value V0.976, the validity of the extract of all SQS items, is valid. Internal consistency reliability shows good results. Cronbach Alpha 0.849, the ICC value on the test-retest test is 0.903. The goodness of fit test shows unsatisfactory results with a p-value of chi-square 0.00, RSMEA = 0.067, GFI = 0.750 and CFI = 0.869. Clinicians can use the Indonesian version of the Sleep Quality Scale instrument as an instrument to measure sleep quality in cancer patients.
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Blackman, Jonathan, Hamish Morrison, Sam Harding, Katherine Lloyd, and Elizabeth Coulthard. "Protocol for a scoping review of measurement of sleep in mild cognitive impairment and early dementia." AMRC Open Research 3 (April 14, 2021): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/amrcopenres.12981.1.
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Background: Sleep abnormalities are increasingly recognised to emerge early in dementia, at or before the Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) phase. Abnormal sleep accelerates cognitive decline and may directly contribute to pathophysiology. Its accurate measurement is therefore crucial, firstly to characterise sleep abnormalities in early disease potentially facilitating earlier identification of those at risk of dementia and secondly to test sleep intervention efficacy. However, it is our a priori hypothesis that sleep outcomes are reported heterogeneously inhibiting side-by-side comparison of study findings. As a translational step towards informing choice and decisions on optimal measures, this scoping review will describe measurement tools utilised and sleep parameters currently reported in early dementia and MCI. Methods: This scoping review follows the Joanna Briggs Institute Manual for Evidence Synthesis for Scoping Reviews. The search strategy consists of an electronic search of the CINAHL Plus, Embase, Medline, Psychinfo and British Nursing Index databases and date limited to articles published from 2000. Search results will be merged using reference management software and duplicates removed. 10% of returned titles and abstracts will be checked by each reviewing member to ensure continuity of decision making. Full-texts will be reviewed by at least two reviewers with discrepancies resolved by whole team consensus. A PRISMA flow diagram will document the selection process. Extracted data will be analysed and reported narratively. Discussion: This scoping review will identify which sleep parameters are reported and the means by which they are measured in people with MCI or early dementia. We intend to explore differences in reporting practice within group subsets, e.g. by dementia and study subtype. Ethics and dissemination: Ethical approval is not required due to absence of human participants. Results will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and presented at relevant academic conferences. The search strategy will be made available publicly for transparency.
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Bhandari, Khob R., Hanieh Mirhajianmoghadam, and Lisa A. Ostrin. "Wearable Sensors for Measurement of Viewing Behavior, Light Exposure, and Sleep." Sensors 21, no. 21 (October 26, 2021): 7096. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21217096.
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The purpose of this study was to compare two wearable sensors to each other and to a questionnaire in an adult population. For one week, participants aged 29.2 ± 5.5 years (n = 25) simultaneously wore a Clouclip, a spectacle-mounted device that records viewing distance and illuminance, and an Actiwatch, a wrist-worn device that measures illuminance and activity. Participants maintained a daily log of activities and completed an activity questionnaire. Objective measures of time outdoors, near (10–< 60 cm) and intermediate (60–100 cm) viewing, and sleep duration were assessed with respect to the daily log and questionnaire. Findings showed that time outdoors per day from the questionnaire (3.2 ± 0.3 h) was significantly greater than the Clouclip (0.9 ± 0.8 h) and Actiwatch (0.7 ± 0.1 h, p < 0.001 for both). Illuminance from the Actiwatch was systematically lower than the Clouclip. Daily near viewing duration was similar between the questionnaire (5.7 ± 0.6 h) and Clouclip (6.1 ± 0.4 h, p = 0.76), while duration of intermediate viewing was significantly different between methods (p < 0.001). In conclusion, self-reported time outdoors and viewing behaviors were different than objective measures. The Actiwatch and Clouclip are valuable tools for studying temporal patterns of behavioral factors such as near work, light exposure, and sleep.
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Scialpi, Alessia, Ester Mignolli, Corrado De Vito, Anna Berardi, Marco Tofani, Donatella Valente, and Giovanni Galeoto. "Italian Validation of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) in a Population of Healthy Children: A Cross Sectional Study." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 15 (July 26, 2022): 9132. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19159132.
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Background: Sleep disorders are one of the most discussed topics in scientific literature every year. Although they are one of the most studied topics, in both adults and children, knowledge of sleep disorders and their treatment is still not completely clear, and there is a need to deepen and analyze these disorders on a country-by-country basis. However, research in the Italian literature reveals a scarce quantity of tools to evaluate sleep quality in children. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) is probably the most commonly used retrospective self-assessment questionnaire in the adult population. Purpose: We aimed to validate and analyze the psychometric characteristics of this tool in order to detect and explore the presence of sleep disorders in a healthy Italian population of children throughout the country. Methods: Individuals aged between 3 and 16 years without symptoms of insomnia were included in this study. The reliability and construct validity of the PSQI were assessed according to Consensus-Based Standards for the Selection of Health Measurement Instruments (COSMIN) guidelines. Results: We enrolled 222 individuals in this study (mean age 11 years). The PSQI demonstrated good internal consistency (Cronbach’s α = 0.719). Test–retest reliability was assessed on a randomized subgroup of the sample (n = 35). The PSQI showed good test–retest reliability with an intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.829 for the total score (95% confidence interval: 0.662–0.914). The Pearson correlation coefficient, used for construct validity, showed a statistically significant positive correlation with the Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children (SDSC). Conclusion: The PSQI proved to be a very reliable and valid tool to investigate sleep experiences in children.
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Naderi, Hossein, Habibollah Nassiri, and Sina Sahebi. "Assessing the relationship between heavy vehicle driver sleep problems and confirmed driver behavior measurement tools in Iran." Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour 59 (November 2018): 57–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.trf.2018.08.007.
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Fabbri, Marco, Alessia Beracci, Monica Martoni, Debora Meneo, Lorenzo Tonetti, and Vincenzo Natale. "Measuring Subjective Sleep Quality: A Review." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 3 (January 26, 2021): 1082. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18031082.
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Sleep quality is an important clinical construct since it is increasingly common for people to complain about poor sleep quality and its impact on daytime functioning. Moreover, poor sleep quality can be an important symptom of many sleep and medical disorders. However, objective measures of sleep quality, such as polysomnography, are not readily available to most clinicians in their daily routine, and are expensive, time-consuming, and impractical for epidemiological and research studies., Several self-report questionnaires have, however, been developed. The present review aims to address their psychometric properties, construct validity, and factorial structure while presenting, comparing, and discussing the measurement properties of these sleep quality questionnaires. A systematic literature search, from 2008 to 2020, was performed using the electronic databases PubMed and Scopus, with predefined search terms. In total, 49 articles were analyzed from the 5734 articles found. The psychometric properties and factor structure of the following are reported: Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS), Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), Mini-Sleep Questionnaire (MSQ), Jenkins Sleep Scale (JSS), Leeds Sleep Evaluation Questionnaire (LSEQ), SLEEP-50 Questionnaire, and Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS). As the most frequently used subjective measurement of sleep quality, the PSQI reported good internal reliability and validity; however, different factorial structures were found in a variety of samples, casting doubt on the usefulness of total score in detecting poor and good sleepers. The sleep disorder scales (AIS, ISI, MSQ, JSS, LSEQ and SLEEP-50) reported good psychometric properties; nevertheless, AIS and ISI reported a variety of factorial models whereas LSEQ and SLEEP-50 appeared to be less useful for epidemiological and research settings due to the length of the questionnaires and their scoring. The MSQ and JSS seemed to be inexpensive and easy to administer, complete, and score, but further validation studies are needed. Finally, the ESS had good internal consistency and construct validity, while the main challenges were in its factorial structure, known-group difference and estimation of reliable cut-offs. Overall, the self-report questionnaires assessing sleep quality from different perspectives have good psychometric properties, with high internal consistency and test-retest reliability, as well as convergent/divergent validity with sleep, psychological, and socio-demographic variables. However, a clear definition of the factor model underlying the tools is recommended and reliable cut-off values should be indicated in order for clinicians to discriminate poor and good sleepers.
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Buckley, Nicholas, Paul Davey, Lynn Jensen, Kevin Baptist, Bas Jansen, Amity Campbell, and Jenny Downs. "Can Wearable Inertial Measurement Units Be Used to Measure Sleep Biomechanics? Establishing Initial Feasibility and Validity." Biomimetics 8, no. 1 (December 21, 2022): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomimetics8010002.
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Wearable motion sensors, specifically, Inertial Measurement Units, are useful tools for the assessment of orientation and movement during sleep. The DOTs platform (Xsens, Enschede, The Netherlands) has shown promise for this purpose. This pilot study aimed to assess its feasibility and validity for recording sleep biomechanics. Feasibility was assessed using four metrics: Drift, Battery Life, Reliability of Recording, and Participant Comfort. Each metric was rated as Stop (least successful), Continue But Modify Protocol, Continue But Monitor Closely, or Continue Without Modifications (most successful). A convenience sample of ten adults slept for one night with a DOT unit attached to their sternum, abdomen, and left and right legs. A survey was administered the following day to assess participant comfort wearing the DOTs. A subset of five participants underwent a single evaluation in a Vicon (Oxford Metrics, England, Oxford) motion analysis lab to assess XSENS DOTs’ validity. With the two systems recording simultaneously, participants were prompted through a series of movements intended to mimic typical sleep biomechanics (rolling over in lying), and the outputs of both systems were compared to assess the level of agreement. The DOT platform performed well on all metrics, with Drift, Battery Life, and Recording Reliability being rated as Continue Without Modifications. Participant Comfort was rated as Continue But Monitor Closely. The DOT Platform demonstrated an extremely high level of agreement with the Vicon motion analysis lab (difference of < 0.025°). Using the Xsens DOT platform to assess sleep biomechanics is feasible and valid in adult populations. Future studies should further investigate the feasibility of using this data capture method for extended periods (e.g., multiple days) and in other groups (e.g., paediatric populations).
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Sprajcer, Madeline, Patrick J. Owen, Meagan E. Crowther, Kirsty Harper, Charlotte Cecelia Gupta, Sally A. Ferguson, Rosemary H. Gibson, and Grace E. Vincent. "Sleep disturbance in caregivers of individuals with Parkinsonism: a systematic review and meta-analysis." BMJ Open 12, no. 11 (November 2022): e062089. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2022-062089.
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ObjectivesThe global prevalence of Parkinsonism continues to rise given ageing populations. Individuals with Parkinsonism who have moderate or severe symptoms typically require a high level of care, including assistance with activities of daily living. This care is often provided across the 24-hour period by a family member or friend. It is likely that providing care significantly impacts the sleep duration and quality of the caregiver given overnight caring responsibilities, in addition to worry and stress associated with the caregiving role. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to investigate whether providing care to an individual with Parkinsonism was associated with disturbed caregiver sleep, and to identify associated factors that may contribute to disturbed sleep in this population.SettingFive databases were electronically searched on 30 June 2021 including CINAHL, PubMed, PsycINFO, CENTRAL and EMBASE.ParticipantsEligibility criteria included a population of caregivers whose care recipient has a form of Parkinsonism.Primary and secondary outcome measuresTo be included in this systematic review, outcome measures of caregiver sleep (eg, sleep duration, sleep quality) were required.ResultsEighteen studies (n=1998) were included. Findings indicated that caregivers of individuals with Parkinsonism typically experience poor sleep quality (mean (95% CI): 5.6 (4.8 to 6.4) points on the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index), increased sleep latency and poor sleep efficiency.ConclusionsThe degree of poor sleep quality was clinically significant. However, further investigation of sleep outcomes is required using sleep measurement tools tailored for this population (eg, measures that capture overnight sleep disruption by care recipient/s). Additionally, there is a need for appropriate individual and societal-level interventions to improve caregiver sleep.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42021274529.
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Zhang, Yuezhou, Amos A. Folarin, Shaoxiong Sun, Nicholas Cummins, Rebecca Bendayan, Yatharth Ranjan, Zulqarnain Rashid, et al. "Relationship Between Major Depression Symptom Severity and Sleep Collected Using a Wristband Wearable Device: Multicenter Longitudinal Observational Study." JMIR mHealth and uHealth 9, no. 4 (April 12, 2021): e24604. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/24604.
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Background Sleep problems tend to vary according to the course of the disorder in individuals with mental health problems. Research in mental health has associated sleep pathologies with depression. However, the gold standard for sleep assessment, polysomnography (PSG), is not suitable for long-term, continuous monitoring of daily sleep, and methods such as sleep diaries rely on subjective recall, which is qualitative and inaccurate. Wearable devices, on the other hand, provide a low-cost and convenient means to monitor sleep in home settings. Objective The main aim of this study was to devise and extract sleep features from data collected using a wearable device and analyze their associations with depressive symptom severity and sleep quality as measured by the self-assessed Patient Health Questionnaire 8-item (PHQ-8). Methods Daily sleep data were collected passively by Fitbit wristband devices, and depressive symptom severity was self-reported every 2 weeks by the PHQ-8. The data used in this paper included 2812 PHQ-8 records from 368 participants recruited from 3 study sites in the Netherlands, Spain, and the United Kingdom. We extracted 18 sleep features from Fitbit data that describe participant sleep in the following 5 aspects: sleep architecture, sleep stability, sleep quality, insomnia, and hypersomnia. Linear mixed regression models were used to explore associations between sleep features and depressive symptom severity. The z score was used to evaluate the significance of the coefficient of each feature. Results We tested our models on the entire dataset and separately on the data of 3 different study sites. We identified 14 sleep features that were significantly (P<.05) associated with the PHQ-8 score on the entire dataset, among them awake time percentage (z=5.45, P<.001), awakening times (z=5.53, P<.001), insomnia (z=4.55, P<.001), mean sleep offset time (z=6.19, P<.001), and hypersomnia (z=5.30, P<.001) were the top 5 features ranked by z score statistics. Associations between sleep features and PHQ-8 scores varied across different sites, possibly due to differences in the populations. We observed that many of our findings were consistent with previous studies, which used other measurements to assess sleep, such as PSG and sleep questionnaires. Conclusions We demonstrated that several derived sleep features extracted from consumer wearable devices show potential for the remote measurement of sleep as biomarkers of depression in real-world settings. These findings may provide the basis for the development of clinical tools to passively monitor disease state and trajectory, with minimal burden on the participant.
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Tsai, Hsin-Jung, Albert C. Yang, Jun-Ding Zhu, Yu-Yun Hsu, Teh-Fu Hsu, and Shih-Jen Tsai. "Effectiveness of Digital Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia in Young People: Preliminary Findings from Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis." Journal of Personalized Medicine 12, no. 3 (March 16, 2022): 481. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jpm12030481.
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Various forms of cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-i) have been developed to improve its scalability and accessibility for insomnia management in young people, but the efficacy of digitally-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (dCBT-i) remains uncertain. This study systematically reviewed and evaluated the effectiveness of dCBT-i among young individuals with insomnia. We conducted comprehensive searches using four electronic databases (PubMed, Cochrane Library, PsycINFO, and Embase; until October 2021) and examined eligible records. The search strategy comprised the following three main concepts: (1) participants were adolescents or active college students; (2) dCBT-I was employed; (3) standardized tools were used for outcome measurement. Four randomized controlled trials qualified for meta-analysis. A significant improvement in self-reported sleep quality with a medium-to-large effect size after treatment (Hedges’s g = −0.58~−0.80) was noted. However, a limited effect was detected regarding objective sleep quality improvement (total sleep time and sleep efficiency measured using actigraphy). These preliminary findings from the meta-analysis suggest that dCBT-i is a moderately effective treatment in managing insomnia in younger age groups, and CBT-i delivered through the web or a mobile application is an acceptable approach for promoting sleep health in young people.
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McMahon, Sheena Necole. "For a Definition of Gratitude, in Order to Study its Correlation with Well-being and Self Transcendence." Integral Transpersonal Journal 14, no. 14 (April 2020): 89–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.32031/itibte_itj_14-mmsn5.
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This paper provides a definition for gratitude and for trait gratitude. It also describes several useful measurement tools to study gratitude and states how gratitude relates to personality characteristics. In addition, current gratitude research is reviewed and future research questions are proposed. Not only is gratitude associated with well-being but also with sleep quality, dematerialization, social skills, coping skills, and spirituality. An advanced understanding of this emotion and/or affective trait could provide insight into how to live a happy, productive, and fulfilling life. KEYWORDS Gratitude, wellbeing, behavior, mindfulness, optimism.
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Pramestirini, Rizky Asta, Heny Ekawati, and Suhariyati Suhariyati. "LITERATUR REVIEW: TERAPI NON FARMAKOLOGIS UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KUALITAS TIDUR PASIEN DI ICU ATAU CCU." Jurnal Ilmiah Keperawatan (Scientific Journal of Nursing) 7, no. 2 (October 1, 2021): 337–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.33023/jikep.v7i2.847.
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Abstract
Sleep is one of the basic human needs. Good quality sleep can increase the improvement of the disease. Sleep disturbances are common among hospitalized patients in CCU and ICU. The purpose of this literature review is to compare several research results on non-pharmacological therapies (eye masks, earplugs, music therapy, turning off lights, environmental modifications) in improving sleep quality to determine the best nursing action and safe for treating sleep disorders patients. Search articles using the PICO framework in the database; Google Scholar, Ebscho, Science direct, Elseiver, MedLine, CINAHL, PubMed, and ProQuest, limited to the last 10 years; 2011 to 2021, 10 International Journals were obtained. Improved sleep quality can be done in several ways; the use of eye masks, earplugs, music therapy, light and sound reduction, switching treatment schedules outside of bedtime, and combinations. The results of the review show schedules outside of bedtime, and combinations. The results of the review show that the most effective actions applied locally to improve sleep quality are reducing lighting and noise and diverting treatment schedules outside of bedtime because it is easy, safe, and does not cost money. If the intervention has not helped, eye masks, earplugs, and/or music can be offered according to the patient's choice, local culture, and facilities available at the hospital. Further research is needed on patients outside the ICU/CCU with a larger number of samples, different age and condition characteristics, longer treatment duration, and using objective sleep quality measurement tools such as polysomnography.
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Damestani, Yasaman, Minesh P. Mehta, Howard Colman, Kevin A. Camphausen, Michael Weller, Evanthia Galanis, Martin J. Van Den Bent, et al. "Digital measurement of functional status of patients with glioblastoma." Journal of Clinical Oncology 39, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2021): 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2021.39.15_suppl.2016.
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2016 Background: Among the primary aims of new therapies for glioblastoma (GBM) are the reduction of morbidity and restoration or preservation of quality of life (QoL). Selinexor (SEL) is a first-in class, oral, selective inhibitor of nuclear export which blocks exportin 1 (XPO1), forcing the nuclear retention and reactivation of tumor suppressor proteins, ultimately causing cell death in cancer cells. SEL is approved for the treatment of previously treated multiple myeloma and DLBCL. XPORT-GBM-029 (NCT04421378) is a phase 1 dose finding study followed by an open-label randomized phase 2, 3-arm trial to evaluate SEL in combination with standard therapies for newly diagnosed and recurrent GBM: Arm A (ndGBM, uMGMT) – radiation +/- SEL; Arm B (ndGBM, mMGMT) – radiation and temozolomide +/- SEL; Arm C (rGBM) – lomustine +/- SEL at first relapse. We look to identify sensitive, reliable, and clinically meaningful digital assessments of the functional status of ndGBM and rGBM patients via a patient-centric approach. Methods: XPORT-GBM-029 incorporates standard clinical and imaging evaluations of GBM progression with novel digital tools that objectively measure motor and cognitive function. The study is conducted at 50 sites globally with the aim of enrolling 350 patients with newly diagnosed and recurrent GBM. Following discussions with KOLs and patient advocacy partners at EndbrainCancer, we surveyed GBM patients and their caregivers to identify disease manifestations critical to patients’ QoL. The survey revealed four key areas impacting patients’ QoL that can be affected by GBM therapies and can be objectively monitored: cognitive function, lateralization, fatigue, and sleep. In this trial we use objective measurements to evaluate SEL’s effects on GBM patients’ QoL. Patients wear inertial sensors to measure their activity and sleep and complete a cognitive battery at baseline and before each MRI. Results: Associations between objective digital measures of activity, gait, fatigue, sleep, and cognition will be examined with respect to clinical assessments including physical examinations, modified Response Assessment in Neuro-Oncology (mRANO), Neurologic Assessment in Neuro-Oncology (NANO), Karnofsky Performance Score (KPS) and Patient Reported Outcome (PRO) QoL questionnaires. Descriptive summary statistics and plots are employed in exploratory data analysis, and other advanced data mining methods may also be considered. Conclusions: XPORT-GBM-029 trial is probably the first large, prospective, longitudinal study in GBM patients employing digital markers and may provide useful information regarding the utility of wearable and mobile devices for measuring functional outcomes in clinical trials. Clinical trial information: NCT04421378.
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Gahan, Luke, Elie Gottlieb, Aman Aman, Nathaniel Watson, and Roy Raymann. "0330 Self-Reported Exercise and Objectively Measured Sleep: A Big Data Analysis Using Consumer Sleep Technology." Sleep 45, Supplement_1 (May 25, 2022): A148—A149. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsac079.328.
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Abstract Introduction Exercise is bidirectionally associated with sleep, whereby exercise can be an efficacious element of behavioural therapy for sleep, and longer sleep duration has been associated with increased physical activity. Given poor sleep and physical inactivity are each widely recognized as critical public health priorities, further research into the relationship between objective sleep and indices of exercise using ecologically-valid sleep measurement tools is warranted. Here, we examined the association between self-reported exercise intensity and duration, and objectively measured sleep using consumer sleep technology. Methods Data from 2,662 users (mean age: 47.4, 36.5% female) across 343,308 nights were included in the analysis from the PSG-validated SleepScore Mobile Application, which uses a non-contact, sonar-based method to objectively capture sleep-related metrics, and questionnaires to capture self-reported data. Exercise intensity ( “At what level of intensity do you work out?”, 3 point scale) and exercise frequency (“How many times a week do you exercise for at least 20 mins?”, 5 point scale) were gathered used self-report questionnaires. Linear regression modelling was used for analysis, with age and gender used as confounding variables. Results Greater reported exercise frequency was associated with an increase in TST (ß=3.3 mins, SE=0.838, p<0.001) and sleep efficiency (ß=0.5%, SE=0.116, p<0.001). Exercise frequency was also associated with reductions in WASO (ß=-1.153mins, SE=0.429, p<0.01) and SOL (ß=-0.425mins, SE=0.163, p<0.01). Greater reported exercise intensity was associated with an increase in TST (ß=4.908 mins, SE=1.886, p<0.01) and sleep efficiency (ß=1.16%, SE=0.255, p<0.001). Exercise intensity was also associated with reductions in WASO (ß=-3.282mins, SE=0.965, p<0.01) and SOL (ß=-0.852mins, SE=0.272, p<0.01). Conclusion Self-reported exercise frequency and intensity were associated with improved objective sleep metrics across the board. This big data finding using ecologically-valid consumer sleep technology can further contribute to public health recommendations regarding the positive impact of exercise on sleep. Support (If Any)
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Adler, Daniel A., Emily Tseng, Khatiya C. Moon, John Q. Young, John M. Kane, Emanuel Moss, David C. Mohr, and Tanzeem Choudhury. "Burnout and the Quantified Workplace: Tensions around Personal Sensing Interventions for Stress in Resident Physicians." Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction 6, CSCW2 (November 7, 2022): 1–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3555531.
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Recent research has explored computational tools to manage workplace stress via personal sensing, a measurement paradigm in which behavioral data streams are collected from technologies including smartphones, wearables, and personal computers. As these tools develop, they invite inquiry into how they can be appropriately implemented towards improving workers' well-being. In this study, we explored this proposition through formative interviews followed by a design provocation centered around measuring burnout in a U.S. resident physician program. Residents and their supervising attending physicians were presented with medium-fidelity mockups of a dashboard providing behavioral data on residents' sleep, activity and time working; self-reported data on residents' levels of burnout; and a free text box where residents could further contextualize their well-being. Our findings uncover tensions around how best to measure workplace well-being, who within a workplace is accountable for worker stress, and how the introduction of such tools remakes the boundaries of appropriate information flows between worker and workplace. We conclude by charting future work confronting these tensions, to ensure personal sensing is leveraged to truly improve worker well-being.
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Hartman, Amy, Adriane Soehner, Stephen Smagula, Sarah McKendry, and Roxanna Bendixen. "0510 Parent and Child Perception of Sleep for Children with Sensory Processing Difficulties." Sleep 45, Supplement_1 (May 25, 2022): A225—A226. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsac079.507.
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Abstract Introduction Roughly 5.3 million elementary children in the United States experience sensory processing (SP) difficulties, like sensitivity to touch and overstimulation with movement. These difficulties cause high levels of daytime stress and daytime dysfunction (e.g., difficulties with attention, academics, and emotional regulation). In typically developing children (without SP difficulties), high levels of daytime stress impact sleep; however, research has yet to explore sleep health in children with SP difficulties. Our study aims to use validated self- and parent-reported questionnaires to characterize differences in sleep health for children with and without SP difficulties. Methods Children (ages 6-10) with (n=22) and without (n=33) SP difficulties (per parent report; Autism and ADHD diagnosis excluded) were recruited for this convergent mixed-methods study. Sleep was assessed using validated self- and parent-report questionnaires, the Sleep Self-Report (SSR) and Children’s Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ), and through qualitative interviews with parents. Groups were compared using t-test and Mann-Whitney U tests, with significance set a priori at α=0.05. A rapid qualitative analysis produced themes and were integrated with the quantitative data. Results Parents of children with SP report significantly worse sleep quality on the CSHQ difficulties (MedianSP= 50.5, SDSP= 11.45) than parents of children without SP difficulties (MedianCON=43.0, SDCON=7.27, U= -2.92, p=.004). Children with SP deficits also report significantly worse sleep on the SSR (MSPD=42.18, SDSPD=8.26) compared to their peers (MCON=33.55, SDCON=6.71, t(53)= -4.26, p<.001). Qualitative themes highlight the higher prevalence of rigid, lengthy bedtime routines and adaptations within the sleep environment (e.g. specific pajamas, special bedding) to support sleep for children with SP difficulties. Parents of children with SP difficulties also report higher frequencies of an adult being in the room while the child falls asleep and co-sleeping in the middle of the night. Conclusion Parents and children both report poorer sleep in children with SP difficulties when compared to peers. Future studies should incorporate other sleep health measurement tools (e.g. actigraphy) to further understand areas to target for intervention. Support (If Any) Sensory Integration Education Network PhD Grant (PI: Hartman, 2021); University of Pittsburgh’s School of Health and Rehabilitation Science’s PhD Student Award (PI: Hartman, 2021).
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Liu, Y., A. Wiemken, A. Steffen, R. Schwab, and R. Dedhia. "0674 Association Between Lateral Wall Collapse On Drug-induced Sleep Endoscopy And MRI Findings In Hypoglossal Nerve Stimulator Patients." Sleep 43, Supplement_1 (April 2020): A257. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsaa056.670.
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Abstract Introduction Hypoglossal nerve stimulator (HNS) is an effective and safe alternative therapy for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in selected patients. Emerging evidence demonstrates that the outcome of HNS is variable, especially for patients with lateral wall collapse on drug-induced sleep endoscopy (DISE). Awake magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) offers detailed visualization of soft tissue. The aim of this study was to determine whether lateral wall collapse on DISE is associated with awake MRI findings in prospective HNS patients. Methods Patients from the ADHERE Registry, an international outcomes study for UAS were used for this study. At baseline, awake, supine MRI scans of each subject’s head and neck region were collected. The distance between the lateral walls was measured at the level of the hard palate, located by the appearance of the posterior nasal spine, using axial T2 turbo spin echo MRI. DISE assessments of the upper airway were recorded using the VOTE classification. All statistical analyses were performed using SPSS IBM 19.0 software program. Kendall’s Tau-b was performed to compare the association between VOTE scoring and MRI findings. Results Twenty-seven patients (N = 3 female, AHI = 28.8±10.5, BMI = 28.8 ±3.8 kg/m2, age = 53±9.9 years) were included in this study. The mean overall VOTE score and lateral wall score was 5.6±1.1 and 0.5±0.5, respectively. The mean lateral wall distance was 18.8±3.2 mm. A significant, inverse association was found between MRI lateral wall measurement and oropharyngeal lateral wall scoring on DISE (T=-.332,p=0.042) but not other anatomic subsites on DISE. Conclusion In our study, greater lateral wall collapse on DISE corresponded to narrower lateral airway distance on MRI. The utility of static imaging modalities such as MRI as patient selection tools for HNS warrants further study. Support Drs. Dedhia and Schwab receive related support for this project from the National Institutes of Health (NHBLI R01HL144859)
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Kamat, Darshan, Yazan A. Al-Ajlouni, and Ryan C. W. Hall. "The Therapeutic Impact of Plant-Based and Nutritional Supplements on Anxiety, Depressive Symptoms and Sleep Quality among Adults and Elderly: A Systematic Review of the Literature." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 6 (March 15, 2023): 5171. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20065171.
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Background: The emerging research in the literature continues to forecast a drastic and alarming increase in negative mental health and sleep health outcomes among populations, especially after the COVID-19 pandemic, which significantly influenced people’s way of life. With mental health pharmaceutical interventions continuing to be stigmatized and inaccessible among populations, natural supplements provide an opportunity for intervention. Objective: This study sought to conduct a systematic review of the literature on the most recent comprehensive evidence for which nutritional supplements have the greatest therapeutic impact on symptoms of anxiety, depression, and insomnia. Methods: A systematic search of the literature, utilizing several databases, including PubMed and Web of Science, was conducted on 29 April 2022. We used developed keywords and MeSH terms for the search. The study eligibility criteria included (1) a randomized control trial; (2) investigating a plant-based therapeutic or natural supplement as the intervention; (3) measuring at least one health outcome of the following: anxiety symptoms, depressive symptoms, or sleep health outcomes; (4) utilizing validated measurement tools to measure the outcome of interest; (5) written in the English language; (6) peer reviewed; and (7) focused on adults and elderly populations. Main Results: Following the PRISMA guidelines, 76 studies were included in this review. We used the revised Risk of Bias tool (RoB2) to assess the quality of all included randomized control trials. A qualitative data synthesis was conducted. Overall, we found several valuable insights from the evidence in the literature, including evidence that demonstrates the benefits of probiotics and vitamin B complexes on anxiety symptoms, depressive symptoms, and sleep quality. Implication of Key Findings: This review provides the most updated findings in the literature on the topic, including an abundance of research that was published in the past 5 years. Given the expected rise in negative mental and sleep health outcomes following the pandemic, the supplements and therapeutics identified in this study should be the target of intervention measures to increase their accessibility and affordability and allow them to be incorporated into clinical guidelines of treatment. PROSPERO registration number: CRD42022361130.
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Mateus, Nuno, Bruno Gonçalves, Jose Luis Felipe, Javier Sánchez-Sánchez, Jorge Garcia-Unanue, Anthony Weldon, and Jaime Sampaio. "In-season training responses and perceived wellbeing and recovery status in professional soccer players." PLOS ONE 16, no. 7 (July 14, 2021): e0254655. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0254655.
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This study aimed to describe professional soccer players’ training responses during a competitive season and to investigate the relationship between these responses with wellbeing and recovery indices. Thirteen professional soccer players from the same Spanish Second Division team were monitored during a sixteen-week in-season period. Players’ external loads were analyzed using global positioning measurement units (GPS). Additionally, subjective reporting of sleep quality, sleep duration, fatigue, muscle soreness, and stress were assessed with a customized wellness questionnaire at the beginning of each training session. A two-step cluster analysis identified profiles of different training responses generally described as lower-demand sessions, intermediate-demand sessions, running-based sessions, and sprint-based sessions; which were discriminated by different total distance covered and high-intensity actions. Interestingly, no probabilistic interactions were found between these training responses with wellbeing and recovery markers (i.e., Bayes factor < 1 suggesting no evidence, for all the variables). These findings may raise concerns about using self-reporting tools, as they show that players’ wellness data is probably not accounted for when coaching staff plan and optimize the training process. However, results should be interpreted with caution, due to representing a single team and coaching staff.
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Lukavská, Kateřina, Jaroslav Vacek, Ondřej Hrabec, Michal Božík, Michaela Slussareff, Martina Píšová, David Kocourek, Lucie Svobodová, and Roman Gabrhelík. "Measuring Parental Behavior towards Children’s Use of Media and Screen-Devices: The Development and Psychometrical Properties of a Media Parenting Scale for Parents of School-Aged Children." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 17 (August 31, 2021): 9178. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18179178.
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Children’s excessive screen use is associated with health risks such as obesity, sleep problems, attention problems, and others. The effect of parental regulative efforts focused on screen/media use (media parenting) is currently unclear and difficult to examine given the heterogeneity of measuring tools used for its assessment. We aimed to develop an inventory that would enable reliable and valid measurement of media parenting practices (especially active and restrictive mediation) in parents of primary school children. The inventory builds on existing tools, it is comprehensive, yet easy to use in research setting. The original MEPA-36 (36 items) and revised MEPA-20 (20 items) inventories were examined using data from 341 Czech and Slovak parents of children aged between 6 and 10 years. Psychometrical properties were estimated using confirmatory factor and reliability analyses. Model fit was better for MEPA-20 and similar to other currently available tools. Both active and restrictive mediation subscales demonstrated high internal consistency. The internal consistency of newly constructed risky mediation subscales (risky active, risky restrictive, and over-protective mediation) was low. MEPA-20, especially active and restrictive mediation subscales, can be recommended for research on media parenting in context of screen/media use of school-aged children.
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Trzepizur, Wojciech, Jérôme Boursier, Marc Le Vaillant, Pierre-Henri Ducluzeau, Séverine Dubois, Samir Henni, Pierre Abraham, Christophe Aubé, Paul Calès, and Frédéric Gagnadoux. "Increased liver stiffness in patients with severe sleep apnoea and metabolic comorbidities." European Respiratory Journal 51, no. 6 (June 2018): 1800601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.00601-2018.
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The goal of this study was to assess the relationship between the severity of obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) and liver stiffness measurement (LSM), one of the most accurate noninvasive screening tools for liver fibrosis in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.The study included 147 patients with at least one criterion for the metabolic syndrome, assessed by polysomnography for suspected OSA. LSM was performed using transient elastography (FibroScan). Significant liver disease and advanced liver fibrosis were defined as LSM ≥7.3 and ≥9.6 kPa, respectively.23 patients were excluded because of unreliable LSM. Among 124 patients, 34 (27.4%) had mild OSA, 38 (30.6%) had moderate OSA and 52 (42.0%) had severe OSA. LSM values were 7.3– <9.6 kPa in 18 (14.5%) patients and ≥9.6 kPa in 15 (12.1%) patients. A dose–response relationship was observed between OSA severity and LSM values (p=0.004). After adjustment for age, sex, metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance, severe OSA was associated with an increased risk of LSM ≥7.3 kPa (OR 7.17, 95% CI 2.51–20.50) and LSM ≥9.6 kPa (OR 4.73, 95% CI 1.25–17.88).In patients with metabolic comorbidities, severe OSA is independently associated with increased liver stiffness, which may predispose to a higher risk of significant liver disease and poorer prognosis.
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Bouafif, Lamia. "Monitoring of Anesthesia by Bispectral Analysis of EEG Signals." Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine 2021 (September 20, 2021): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9961998.
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Background. In intensive care, monitoring the depth of anesthesia during surgical procedures is a key element in the success of the medical operation and postoperative recovery. However, despite the development of anesthesia thanks to technological and pharmacological advances, its side effects such as underdose or overdose of hypnotics remain a major problem. Observation and monitoring must combine clinical observations (loss of consciousness and reactivity) with tools for real-time measurement of changes in the depth of anesthesia. Methodology. In this work, we will develop a noninvasive method for calculating, monitoring, and controlling the depth of general anesthesia during surgery. The objective is to reduce the effects of pharmacological usage of hypnotics and to ensure better quality recovery. Thanks to the overall activity of sets of neurons in the brain, we have developed a BIS technique based on bispectral analysis of the electroencephalographic signal EEG. Discussion. By collecting the electrical voltages from the brain, we distinguish light sleep from deep sleep according to the values of the BIS indicator (ranging from 0 : sleep to 100 : wake) and also control it by acting on the dosage of propofol and sevoflurane. We showed that the BIS value must be maintained during the operation and the anesthesia at a value greater than 60. Conclusion. This study showed that the BIS technology led to an optimization of the anesthetic management, the adequacy of the hypnotic dosage, and a better postoperative recovery.
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Jones, Jolynn, Spencer A. Nielson, Jonathan Trout, Mckaella Swenson, Joseph Reiley, Jared Tanner, Dawn Bowers, and Daniel B. Kay. "A Validation Study of PROMIS Sleep Disturbance (PROMIS-SD) and Sleep Related Impairment (PROMIS-SRI) Item Banks in Individuals with Idiopathic Parkinson’s Disease and Matched Controls." Journal of Parkinson's Disease 11, no. 2 (April 13, 2021): 877–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jpd-202429.
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Background: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is associated with sleep disturbance (SD) and sleep-related impairment (SRI). Validation of self-report measures of these problems is needed in PD. The Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) includes tools that assess these problems (PROMIS-SD and PROMIS-SRI, respectively). Objective: This study aimed to further validate these measures in individuals with PD and matched controls. Methods: Individuals with early-stage PD (n=50) and matched controls (n=48) completed measures of SD including the PROMIS-SD, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and Insomnia Severity Index (ISI). They also completed measures of daytime impairment including the PROMIS-SRI, Epworth Sleepiness Scale, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Beck Depression Inventory 2nd edition, and Parkinson’s Disease Questionnaire-39. Internal consistency for the PROMIS measures were assessed using Cronbach’s α coefficient and item-total correlations in the total sample. Convergent and divergent validity of the PROMIS item banks were assessed using Spearman correlations. Results: The PROMIS item banks had excellent internal consistency (α>0.94). Supporting convergent validity, the PROMIS-SD had strong correlations with other measures of SD (ρ>0.68, for PSQI and ISI) and the PROMIS-SRI had moderate to strong correlations with all measures of daytime impairment (ρ=0.41–0.72). Supporting divergent validity within the PD group, the PROMIS-SD correlated more strongly with SRI than with the Parkinson’s Disease Questionnaire total score, a metric of PD related impairment. Conclusion: In middle-aged and older adults, with and without early-stage PD, the PROMIS-SD and PROMIS-SRI are reliable and valid measures of SD and SRI, respectively.
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Johny, Sandra, and Sobha PS. "Prevalence and Risk Factors of Childhood Obesity among School Children in Kerala." Nursing Journal of India CX, no. 03 (2019): 125–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.48029/nji.2019.cx305.
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This descriptive study was aimed at assessing the prevalence and risk factors of childhood obesity among 800 school children in Thrissur district, using simple random sampling technique. Theoretical framework of the study was based on Betty Neuman’s system model. The tools used were bio-physical measurement, body mass index (BMI) for age percentile chart for boys and girls, structured questionnaire and food frequency table. The study revealed that the prevalence of childhood obesity among school children was 5.38 percent; 9.6 percent of children had a family history of obesity; 37.6 percent children had medium risk sleep and leisure habits; 45.5 percent of the children were following medium risk dietary practices. From food frequency table (FFT), 39 percent of children belonged to medium risk group. There was significant association between family history of obesity and monthly family income with obesity among children (p<0.001) . There was no significant association between risk factors such as sleep and leisure habits, physical activity, dietary practices and frequency of food consumption per week with obesity among children. There was no significant association between socio-personal variables such as age, sex, place of residence, type of diet of child and education of parents with childhood obesity (p>0.05).
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Kao, Chieh, and Yang Zhang. "Magnetic Source Imaging and Infant MEG: Current Trends and Technical Advances." Brain Sciences 9, no. 8 (July 27, 2019): 181. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci9080181.
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Magnetoencephalography (MEG) is known for its temporal precision and good spatial resolution in cognitive brain research. Nonetheless, it is still rarely used in developmental research, and its role in developmental cognitive neuroscience is not adequately addressed. The current review focuses on the source analysis of MEG measurement and its potential to answer critical questions on neural activation origins and patterns underlying infants’ early cognitive experience. The advantages of MEG source localization are discussed in comparison with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), two leading imaging tools for studying cognition across age. Challenges of the current MEG experimental protocols are highlighted, including measurement and data processing, which could potentially be resolved by developing and improving both software and hardware. A selection of infant MEG research in auditory, speech, vision, motor, sleep, cross-modality, and clinical application is then summarized and discussed with a focus on the source localization analyses. Based on the literature review and the advancements of the infant MEG systems and source analysis software, typical practices of infant MEG data collection and analysis are summarized as the basis for future developmental cognitive research.
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Rodin, D., B. Banihashemi, L. Wang, A. Lau, S. Harris, W. Levin, R. Dinniwell, et al. "The Brain Metastases Symptom Checklist as a novel tool for symptom measurement in patients with brain metastases undergoing whole-brain radiotherapy." Current Oncology 23, no. 3 (June 13, 2016): 239. http://dx.doi.org/10.3747/co.23.2936.
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Purpose We evaluated the feasibility, reliability, and validity of the Brain Metastases Symptom Checklist (BMSC), a novel self-report measure of common symptoms experienced by patients with brain metastases.Methods Patients with first-presentation symptomatic brain metastases (n = 137) referred for whole-brain radiotherapy (WBRT) completed the BMSC at time points before and after treatment. Their caregivers (n = 48) provided proxy ratings twice on the day of consultation to assess reliability, and at week 4 after WBRT to assess responsiveness to change. Correlations with 4 other validated assessment tools were evaluated.Results The symptoms reported on the BMSC were largely mild to moderate, with tiredness (71%) and difficulties with balance (61%) reported most commonly at baseline. Test–retest reliability for individual symptoms had a median intraclass correlation of 0.59 (range: 0.23–0.85). Caregiver proxy and patient responses had a median intraclass correlation of 0.52. Correlation of absolute scores on the BMSC and other symptom assessment tools was low, but consistency in the direction of symptom change was observed. At week 4, change in symptoms was variable, with improvements in weight gain and sleep of 42% and 41% respectively, and worsening of tiredness and drowsiness of 62% and 59% respectively.Conclusions The BMSC captures a wide range of symptoms experienced by patients with brain metastases, and it is sensitive to change. It demonstrated adequate test–retest reliability and face validity in terms of its responsiveness to change. Future research is needed to determine whether modifications to the BMSC itself or correlation with more symptom-specific measures will enhance validity.
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ROHEKAR, GINA, and JANET POPE. "Test-Retest Reliability of Patient Global Assessment and Physician Global Assessment in Rheumatoid Arthritis." Journal of Rheumatology 36, no. 10 (September 15, 2009): 2178–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3899/jrheum.090084.
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Objective.As a guide to treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), physicians use measurement tools to quantify disease activity. The Patient Global Assessment (PGA) asks a patient to rate on a scale how they feel overall. The Physician Global Assessment (MDGA) is a similar item completed by the assessing physician. Both these measures are frequently incorporated into other indices. We studied reliability characteristics for global assessments and compared test-retest reliability of both the PGA and the MDGA, as well as other commonly used measures in RA.Methods.We studied 122 patients with RA age 17 years or older. Patients who received steroid injection or change in steroid dose at the visit were excluded. Patients completed the HAQ, PGA, visual analog scale for pain (VAS Pain), VAS Fatigue, and VAS Sleep. After seeing their physician, they received another questionnaire to complete within 2 days at the same time of day as clinic visit. Physicians completed the MDGA at the time of the patient’s appointment and at the end of their clinic day. Test-retest results were assessed using intraclass correlations (ICC). “Substantial” reliability is between 0.61–0.80 and “almost perfect” > 0.80.Results.Four rheumatologists and 146 patients participated, with 122 questionnaires returned (response rate 83.6%). Test-retest reliability was 0.702 for PGA, 0.961 for MDGA, and 0.897 for HAQ; VAS results were 0.742 for Pain, 0.741 for Fatigue, and 0.800 for Sleep. The correlation between PGA and MDGA was −0.172.Conclusion.PGA, MDGA, HAQ, and VAS Pain, VAS Fatigue, and VAS Sleep all showed good to excellent test-retest reliability in RA. MDGA was more reliable than PGA. The correlation between PGA and MDGA was poor.
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Samodra, Touvan Juni. "The Differences of Pulse on The Day of Training Based on Hours Sleep." Journal Sport Area 6, no. 1 (February 22, 2021): 97–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.25299/sportarea.2021.vol6(1).5996.
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The quality of rest will give a good result for the adaptation of the exercise. Exercise is carried out, so that physical condition has improved. The pulse rate is an indicator that can be used to see the process or results of exercise adaptation. If the waking pulse rate is still high, it can be assumed that time is still needed to rest. This study aims to determine the difference in the pulse rate of waking up from samples who sleep more than 6 hours and 6 hours below. The research was carried out by experiment. The sample was given 75% weight training with 12 tools for 12 meetings. Pulse measurement is done independently before and upon waking. Data were analyzed using the T-test. Based on the results, it was reported that 25 people were trying to rest 6 hours down and 47 times resting above 6 hours. Based on the T-test analysis, it was found that there was a significant difference between respondents who slept less than 6 hours and more than 6 hours with a significance of .002 with a mean of -0.8 for those who rested 6 hours and less and 4.6 for those who slept more than 6 hours. This research can be replicated by considering several variables related to the acceleration of recovery, including Vo2Max, blood HB, and it is necessary to consider the differences between sons and daughters.
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Mendoza, Tito, Ajay Sheshadri, Mehmet Altan, Kenneth Hess, Goldy George, Bettzy Stephen, Lilibeth Castillo, et al. "Evaluating the psychometric properties of the Immunotherapy module of the MD Anderson Symptom Inventory." Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer 8, no. 2 (October 2020): e000931. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jitc-2020-000931.
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IntroductionImmunotherapies have revolutionized the treatment of various cancers, but little is known about their symptomatic toxicity. Assessing these symptoms is best accomplished by asking the patients themselves. However, such reports are subjective and may face challenges as bonafide scientific data. Demonstrating the validity of symptom assessment tools, mainly through the reduction of measurement errors, has the potential to improve patient care if these tools are widely adopted. To that end, we present herein the psychometric properties of the Immunotherapy for Early-Phase Trials module of the MD Anderson Symptom Inventory (MDASI-Immunotherapy EPT) in patients receiving various immunotherapies in early phase trials at a major cancer center.MethodsOne hundred forty-five patients completed the inventory at baseline, with 85 of them also doing so after 9 weeks of treatment. The mean (±SD) age of the patients was 57.0±12.9 years. Also, 56% of the patients were women, 79% identified as white, and 49% had at least some college education.ResultsThe internal consistency reliability of the MDASI-Immunotherapy EPT was excellent, as the Cronbach’s alphas for all of its subscales were at least 0.88 (range 0.88–0.95). Known-group validity based on Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status groupings was excellent at 9 weeks after the start of an immunotherapy trial for the MDASI-Immunotherapy EPT severity (effect size, 0.96) and interference (effect size, 0.82) subscales. We found substantial changes in the symptom items difficulty remembering (effect size, −0.85), fever and/or chills (effect size, −0.63), disturbed sleep (effect size, −0.52), diarrhea (effect size, −0.42), and swelling of hands, legs, or feet (effect size, −0.39).ConclusionsIn conclusion, the MDASI-Immunotherapy EPT is a valid, reliable, and sensitive tool for measuring symptomatic toxicity.
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Argyropoulos, Spilios V., George B. Ploubidis, Tamsin S. Wright, Marisha E. Palm, Sean D. Hood, Jon R. Nash, A. Clare Taylor, et al. "Development and validation of the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Inventory (GADI)." Journal of Psychopharmacology 21, no. 2 (March 2007): 145–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0269881107069944.
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The psychometric tools used for the assessment of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) either do not conform to the current concept of the condition or have important limitations. We aimed to develop and validate a new questionnaire for the assessment of symptom profile and severity of GAD. An original pool of potential scale items was subjected to a series of studies in non-clinical and clinical populations, in order to determine the final composition of the scale. The psychometric properties of the new scale, the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Inventory (GADI), were evaluated using a factor analytic model suitable for ordinal data and the Graded Response Model. The precision of measurement of the GADI was quantified through the item information functions. A total of 197 outpatients and 522 non-clinical subjects participated in four studies and completed the GADI. The final 18-item scale was derived from an original pool of 30 potential items. The GADI showed good reliability, convergent and divergent validity. The scale comprises three factors, relating to cognitive, somatic and sleep symptoms. It accurately distinguished GAD patients from non-patient controls. The cognitive factor also distinguished GAD from other anxiety disorders and depression. The GADI is a useful tool in the assessment of the breadth of symptoms and the severity of generalized anxiety disorder in clinical settings.
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Prado-Prado, J. Carlos, Jesús García-Arca, Arturo J. Fernández-González, and Mar Mosteiro-Añón. "Increasing Competitiveness through the Implementation of Lean Management in Healthcare." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 14 (July 10, 2020): 4981. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17144981.
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The main aim of this paper was two-fold: first, to design a participative methodology that facilitates lean management implementation in healthcare by adopting the action research approach; second, to illustrate the usefulness of this methodology by applying it to the sleep unit of a public hospital in Spain. This methodology proposes the implementation of lean management in its broadest sense: adopting both lean principles and some of its practical tools or practices in order to achieve competitive advantage. The complete service value chain was considered when introducing changes through lean management implementation. This implementation involved training and involving staff in the project (personnel pillar), detecting and analysing “waste” in value chain processes (processes pillar) and establishing control and measurement mechanisms in line with objectives (key performance indicators pillar) and putting in place improvement actions to achieve these objectives. The application of this methodology brought about an improvement in the management of patient flow in terms of effectiveness, efficiency and quality but also an internal transformation towards lean culture.
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Palermo, Tonya Mizell. "Assessment of Chronic Pain in Children: Current Status and Emerging Topics." Pain Research and Management 14, no. 1 (2009): 21–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2009/236426.
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The present paper reviews the current status of research on assessment of chronic pain in children and adolescents, primarily in the context of treatment outcome research. Two specific primary aims are addressed. First, the degree of attention devoted to several major domains of chronic pain assessment (pain, physical functioning, role functioning, sleep and emotional functioning) is summarized, highlighting areas where further instrument development and validation are needed. Second, sensitivity of instruments within these domains is presented using data from clinical trials of psychological therapies aimed at treatment of chronic pain in children and adolescents. Findings demonstrate that although there has been recent progress in developing and validating a range of measures of pain-related outcomes, as of yet, very few clinical trials have included any outcomes other than pain intensity. Moreover, in randomized controlled trials where physical, role or emotional functioning outcomes have been included, there have been limited positive findings. The present paper lists some challenges and future directions in assessment of physical and role functioning, including highlighting emerging methodologies for assessment of physical activity and function in children with chronic pain. Clinical implications of integrating assessment tools into clinical practice are discussed. In conclusion, progress in developing and validating specific tools to assess important outcome domains in chronic pain has been realized. Opportunities exist for further measurement validation in most domains, and further theory-driven treatment research to match goals of the treatment with specific interventions and outcomes.
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Briguglio, Giusi, Michele Teodoro, Sebastiano Italia, Francesca Verduci, Manuela Pollicino, Manuela Coco, Annalisa De Vita, et al. "Salivary Biomarkers and Work-Related Stress in Night Shift Workers." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 6 (March 19, 2021): 3184. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18063184.
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Work organization, such as shifts and night work, can interfere with the perception of work-related stress and therefore on the development of pathological conditions. Night shift work, particularly, can have a negative impact on workers’ wellbeing by interfering with the biological sphere. The aim of this study is to evaluate the associations between work activities, shift work effects and stress-related responses in 106 dock workers enrolled in southeast Italy. Dock workers’ tasks consist of complex activities that seemed to affect more sleep quality than work-related stress. An analysis of salivary biomarkers such as cortisol, α-amylase, melatonin and lysozyme was performed along with validated psycho-diagnostic questionnaires. Alpha-amylase showed a significant negative correlation with the effort/reward imbalance score; thus, the measurement of salivary α-amylase is proposed as a sensitive and non-invasive biomarker of work-related stress. This study may provide new insights into developing strategies for the management of night shift work. Salivary biomarkers should be further investigated in the future in order to develop simple and effective tools for the early diagnosis of work-related stress or its outcomes.
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Dillon, Gina, Rafat Hussain, Deborah Loxton, and Saifur Rahman. "Mental and Physical Health and Intimate Partner Violence against Women: A Review of the Literature." International Journal of Family Medicine 2013 (January 23, 2013): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/313909.
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Associations between intimate partner violence (IPV) and poor physical and mental health of women have been demonstrated in the international and national literature across numerous studies. This paper presents a review of the literature on this topic. The 75 papers included in this review cover both original research studies and those which undertook secondary analyses of primary data sources. The reviewed research papers published from 2006 to 2012 include quantitative and qualitative studies from Western and developing countries. The results show that while there is variation in prevalence of IPV across various cultural settings, IPV was associated with a range of mental health issues including depression, PTSD, anxiety, self-harm, and sleep disorders. In most studies, these effects were observed using validated measurement tools. IPV was also found to be associated with poor physical health including poor functional health, somatic disorders, chronic disorders and chronic pain, gynaecological problems, and increased risk of STIs. An increased risk of HIV was reported to be associated with a history of sexual abuse and violence. The implications of the study findings in relation to methodological issues, clinical significance, and future research direction are discussed.
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Az-Zahra, Fatimah, and Emilia Fitriana Dewi. "IMPLEMENTATION PLAN ON LEARNING ORGANIZATION PRACTICE TO INCREASE BUSINESS PERFORMANCE OF SAVLEE COMPANY." Advanced International Journal of Business, Entrepreneurship and SMEs 3, no. 9 (September 30, 2021): 362–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.35631/aijbes.39024.
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Cessa previously ran a technology-based business by creating therapeutic tools to reduce sleep problems. Since the pandemic era, the research and development process has been hampered due to limited access to laboratories. Therefore, the company pivoted to the Savlee company by creating a dailywear sleeping product. There are several problems and challenges that arise in the business model. Savlee began to try a new approach in the fields of pharmacy, psychology,, and neuroscience. Savlee needed to have initial learning and should seek a new form of data and information that became the main reference. The data analysis process was carried out using qualitative data methods with in-depth interviews and focus group discussions. Based on the House of Learning Organization by Jann Model as the model of learning organization practices that consist of learning foundations, learning facilities, learning skills, learning enablers, and learning disciplines, and plan for the implementing practice of learning organizations using Peter Senge's methods in "The Dance of Change-Generating Profound Change." The outcome of this research is a plan for implementation of the learning organization, which consists of three stages, starting with building individual personal mastery, team learning ability, and organizational learning ability. Therefore, Savlee must implement a suitable learning organization with appropriate design and organizational learning that has a clear measurement for the evaluation of business performance
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Sierk, Anika, Eoin Travers, Marcos Economides, Bao Sheng Loe, Luning Sun, and Heather Bolton. "A New Digital Assessment of Mental Health and Well-being in the Workplace: Development and Validation of the Unmind Index." JMIR Mental Health 9, no. 1 (January 17, 2022): e34103. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/34103.
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Background Unmind is a workplace, digital, mental health platform with tools to help users track, maintain, and improve their mental health and well-being (MHWB). Psychological measurement plays a key role on this platform, providing users with insights on their current MHWB, the ability to track it over time, and personalized recommendations, while providing employers with aggregate information about the MHWB of their workforce. Objective Due to the limitations of existing measures for this purpose, we aimed to develop and validate a novel well-being index for digital use, to capture symptoms of common mental health problems and key aspects of positive well-being. Methods In Study 1A, questionnaire items were generated by clinicians and screened for face validity. In Study 1B, these items were presented to a large sample (n=1104) of UK adults, and exploratory factor analysis was used to reduce the item pool and identify coherent subscales. In Study 2, the final measure was presented to a new nationally representative UK sample (n=976), along with a battery of existing measures, with 238 participants retaking the Umind Index after 1 week. The factor structure and measurement invariance of the Unmind Index was evaluated using confirmatory factor analysis, convergent and discriminant validity by estimating correlations with existing measures, and reliability by examining internal consistency and test-retest intraclass correlations. Results Studies 1A and 1B yielded a 26-item measure with 7 subscales: Calmness, Connection, Coping, Happiness, Health, Fulfilment, and Sleep. Study 2 showed that the Unmind Index is fitted well by a second-order factor structure, where the 7 subscales all load onto an overall MHWB factor, and established measurement invariance by age and gender. Subscale and total scores correlate well with existing mental health measures and generally diverge from personality measures. Reliability was good or excellent across all subscales. Conclusions The Unmind Index is a robust measure of MHWB that can help to identify target areas for intervention in nonclinical users of a mental health app. We argue that there is value in measuring mental ill health and mental well-being together, rather than treating them as separate constructs.
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Paty, Jean, Leanne Maddux, and Mrinal M. Gounder. "Prospective development of a patient reported outcomes (PRO) tool in desmoid tumors: A novel clinical trial endpoint." Journal of Clinical Oncology 35, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2017): 11022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2017.35.15_suppl.11022.
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11022 Background: Desmoid tumors (DT) are locally aggressive and cause significant morbidity. Clinical trials in DT typically utilize response rates and progression free survival as primary endpoints. However, these endpoints do not capture improvements in clinical symptoms. To date, there are no validated PRO tools in DT to capture the patient experience and efficacy of a drug. Methods: A review of the published literature and interviews with sarcoma clinicians were used to formulate a list of signs and symptoms and impact on patients (pts). These were collected to build a conceptual model. DT pts (n = 31) with a range of anatomical locations and presentations were interviewed, initially in an open-ended fashion, followed by interrogating the conceptual model. For the concepts that pts reported, they were asked to rate how disturbing each was on a 0-10 scale (0 being not at all, and 10 being as bad as they can imagine). The pts interview data was then used to refine the conceptual model and generate two new PRO instruments Results: Pt interviews demonstrated that across tumor locations, the most frequent and disturbing symptoms were: ‘muscle’ pain (65% pts, median disturbance (MD) of 6.8), ‘nerve’ pain (73%, MD 6.0), and fatigue (65%, MD 5.0). Some symptoms were specific to tumor locations, especially abdominal tumors. Restricted range of motion (68%, MD 4.0), fear (84%, MD 6.5), sleep disturbance (77%, MD 7.5) , disfigurement (81%, MD 6.8), and impact on daily activities (65%, MD 6.8) were the most frequent and disturbing impact on pts lives. These concepts were then used to develop two new PRO instruments: the sign and symptom PRO includes 11 items; the impact on pts lives instrument includes 17 items. The instruments vary in asking pts about the last 24 hours, or the last week. Conclusions: This is the first validated PRO tool in DT. This tool adequately captures symptoms central to the DT pts experience and its impacts on their lives. The instruments are ready for implementation in a DT clinical trial for further evaluation of their measurement properties.
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Strebkova, Raisa. "Cancer-related Fatigue in Patients with Oncological Diseases: Causes, Prevalence, Guidelines for Assessment and Management." Folia Medica 62, no. 4 (December 31, 2020): 679–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/folmed.62.e50517.
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Fatigue and exhaustion are considered to be the most common complaints of patients with cancer during treatment and upon its completion. The manifestations of fatigue can be physical, cognitive, and emotional. The exact determinants of fatigue, however, are yet unknown. An initial literature review was conducted. Four reference databases were searched (MEDLINE, ELSEVIER – Science Direct, ELSEVIER – SCOPUS, Springer). The initial search yielded 430 articles. We included references consistent with the study design, pub-lished between 1993 and 2017, and written in English or German. The 48 remaining articles were assessed for relevance to the area by visually examining their titles for keywords: cancer-related fatigue, assesment, management. Cancer-related fatigue in cancer patients during treatment and in survivors is estimated to have a prevalence in the range of 58% to 90%. This report is a review of the literature relevant to the problem of fatigue in patients with oncological diseases – causes, prevalence, and impact on the lives of affected patients, proposing guidelines for assessment and management. A set of reliable tools have been presented for assessment and measurement of the burden of fatigue. The management strategies include a number of non-pharmacological methods: physically based therapies, psycho-educational and mind-body interventions, methods of managing sleep disorders, methods of increasing physical activity, and pharmacological modalities. Clarification of the causes for fatigue, its detection, a reliable assessment of its severity, the application of appropriate interventions for treatment and the necessary care could support the application of a differentiated approach.
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Skeens, Micah A., Patsy Cullen, Joe Stanek, and Marilyn Hockenberry. "Perspectives of Childhood Cancer Symptom-Related Distress: Results of the State of the Science Survey." Journal of Pediatric Oncology Nursing 36, no. 4 (July 2019): 287–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1043454219858608.
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Management of symptom-related distress is an important area of pediatric oncology nursing. Participants who attended the Children’s Oncology Group (COG) State of the Science Symposium on symptom distress completed an anonymous survey. The purpose was to explore participant perceptions of symptom distress experienced by children receiving cancer treatment on clinical trials, determine how symptom distress is currently assessed at COG institutions, and to identify what interventions are used to reduce symptom distress for these children. Among the 90 symposium attendees, 72% completed the survey, the majority (92%) of whom were nurses. The five most distressing symptoms in children with cancer enrolled on clinical trials identified by survey respondents were nausea/vomiting, fatigue, pain, anxiety, and sleep disturbances. Results from our survey also suggest that symptom distress may differ by disease type. For example, symptoms associated with leukemia/lymphoma included steroid side effects, procedural pain, and neuropathy. The majority of respondents (90%) also reported that symptoms go unrecognized by health care providers. The most commonly described unrecognized symptoms were behavioral (i.e., sadness, anxiety, fear, depression, and emotional needs; 45%) and fatigue (19%). Key focus areas reported by respondents included informal and inconsistent symptom assessment, the need for uniform measurement tools, and improved documentation of symptom-related distress. Management of symptom-related distress is an important aspect of pediatric oncology nursing. Further exploration of symptom distress experienced by children with specific types of cancers, and the development of standardized symptom assessment processes, will provide a foundation for developing future interventions aimed at alleviating symptom-related distress.