Journal articles on the topic 'Sleep (including sleep behaviour and development)'
To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Sleep (including sleep behaviour and development).
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Sleep (including sleep behaviour and development).'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Ross, Robert, Jean-Philippe Chaput, Lora M. Giangregorio, Ian Janssen, Travis J. Saunders, Michelle E. Kho, Veronica J. Poitras, et al. "Canadian 24-Hour Movement Guidelines for Adults aged 18–64 years and Adults aged 65 years or older: an integration of physical activity, sedentary behaviour, and sleep." Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism 45, no. 10 (Suppl. 2) (October 2020): S57—S102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/apnm-2020-0467.
Full textAbstract:
The Canadian Society for Exercise Physiology assembled a Consensus Panel representing national organizations, content experts, methodologists, stakeholders, and end-users and followed an established guideline development procedure to create the Canadian 24-Hour Movement Guidelines for Adults aged 18–64 years and Adults aged 65 years or older: An Integration of Physical Activity, Sedentary Behaviour, and Sleep. These guidelines underscore the importance of movement behaviours across the whole 24-h day. The development process followed the strategy outlined in the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation (AGREE) II instrument. A large body of evidence was used to inform the guidelines including 2 de novo systematic reviews and 4 overviews of reviews examining the relationships among movement behaviours (physical activity, sedentary behaviour, sleep, and all behaviours together) and several health outcomes. Draft guideline recommendations were discussed at a 4-day in-person Consensus Panel meeting. Feedback from stakeholders was obtained by survey (n = 877) and the draft guidelines were revised accordingly. The final guidelines provide evidence-based recommendations for a healthy day (24-h), comprising a combination of sleep, sedentary behaviours, and light-intensity and moderate-to-vigorous-intensity physical activity. Dissemination and implementation efforts with corresponding evaluation plans are in place to help ensure that guideline awareness and use are optimized. Novelty First ever 24-Hour Movement Guidelines for Adults aged 18–64 years and Adults aged 65 years or older with consideration of a balanced approach to physical activity, sedentary behaviour, and sleep Finalizes the suite of 24-Hour Movement Guidelines for Canadians across the lifespan
2
Tyan, J. L., M. I. Sotelo, C. M. Markunas, J. G. Morrow, and A. Eban-Rothschild. "0211 Sleep-Preparatory Behaviors Modulate Sleep Physiology in Mice." Sleep 43, Supplement_1 (April 2020): A82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsaa056.209.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Introduction Prior to sleep, animals perform various sleep-preparatory behaviors, yet little is known about their contribution to sleep physiology. Sleep hygiene, which involves proper sleep preparation, is an effective treatment for insomnia in humans. The high prevalence of sleep disorders and drawbacks of available pharmacological interventions necessitate a better understanding of the ecological and evolutionary contexts of sleep. Nest-building is a sleep-preparatory behavior performed by many species. In this study, we aimed to determine whether the presence of a nest modulates sleep. Specifically, we investigated the effects of a nest on sleep/wake architecture and activity in wake-promoting neurons in mice. Methods To examine the role of nesting in sleep/wake architecture, we recorded EEG/EMG activity over 24 hrs (n=14, 7 males and 7 females) in the presence/absence of a nest. To determine whether the lack of a nest activates wake-promoting neurons, we utilized TRAP (targeted recombination in active populations) technology to label neurons activated by nest removal (n=4 mice per experimental group). Results Mice without nests exhibited increased latencies to NREM and REM sleep and spent less time asleep during the inactive/light phase. Mice without nests also exhibited shorter episodes of NREM and REM sleep and more transitions between arousal states. Additionally, our preliminary results suggest that nest removal significantly increases population activity in multiple brain regions, including several cortical and thalamic regions. Conclusion Our findings support the hypothesis that the presence of a nest facilitates and consolidates sleep. The causal role of specific neuronal populations in sleep fragmentation in the absence of a nest remains to be elucidated. Taken together, our findings provide the first evidence for a role of sleep-preparatory behaviors in the facilitation and consolidation of sleep and could shape the development of novel treatments for sleep disorders. Support This work is supported by the Sloan Alfred P. Foundation, the Brain and Behavior Research Foundation, and the Eisenberg Translational Research Award.
3
Mineyko, Aleksandra, Wei Qi, Helen L. Carlson, Luis Bello-Espinosa, Brian L. Brooks, and Adam Kirton. "Neuropsychological Outcome in Perinatal Stroke Associated With Epileptiform Discharges in Sleep." Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques 44, no. 4 (March 8, 2017): 358–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cjn.2017.29.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractBackground: Patients with arterial perinatal stroke often suffer long-term motor sequelae, difficulties in language, social development, and behaviour as well as epilepsy. Despite homogeneous lesions, long-term behavioural and cognitive outcomes are variable and unpredictable. Sleep-related epileptic encephalopathies can occur after early brain injury and are associated with global developmental delays. We hypothesized that sleep-potentiated epileptiform abnormalities are associated with worse developmental outcomes after perinatal stroke. Methods: Participants were identified from a population-based cohort (Alberta Perinatal Stroke Project). Inclusion criteria were magnetic resonance imaging–confirmed arterial perinatal stroke, age 4 to 18 years, electroencephalogram (EEG) including sleep, and comprehensive neuropsychological evaluation. Sleep-related EEG abnormalities were categorized by an epileptologist blinded to the cognitive outcome. Associations between EEG classification and neuropsychological outcomes were explored (t tests, Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons). Results:Of 128 potentially eligible participants, 34 (53% female) had complete EEG (mean age, 8.1 years; range, 0.2-16.4) and neuropsychology testing (mean age, 9.8 years; range 4.4-16.7). Twelve (35%) were classified as having electrical status epilepticus in sleep. Patients with abnormal EEGs were more likely to have statistically worse scores when corrected for multiple comparisons, in receptive language (median, 1st percentile; IQR 1-7th percentile; p<0.05), and externalizing behaviours (median, 82nd percentile; IQR, 79-97th percentile; p<0.05). Conclusions: Developmental outcome in language and behaviour in children with arterial perinatal stroke is associated with electrical status epilepticus in sleep. Increased screening with sleep EEG is suggested, whereas further studies are necessary to determine if treatment of EEG abnormalities can improve outcome.
4
Jones, Carolyn, Randall Olson, Alex Chau, Peyton Wickham, Ryan Leriche, Christina Reynolds, Cynthia Moore, et al. "025 Sleep Disruption on an Orbital Shaker alters Glutamate in Prairie Vole Prefrontal Cortex." Sleep 44, Supplement_2 (May 1, 2021): A11—A12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsab072.024.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Introduction Glutamate concentrations in the cortex fluctuate with the sleep wake cycle in both rodents and humans. Altered glutamatergic signaling, as well as the early life onset of sleep disturbances have been implicated in neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism spectrum disorder. In order to study how sleep modulates glutamate activity in brain regions relevant to social behavior and development, we disrupted sleep in the socially monogamous prairie vole (Microtus ochrogaster) rodent species and quantified markers of glutamate neurotransmission within the prefrontal cortex, an area of the brain responsible for advanced cognition and complex social behaviors. Methods Male and female prairie voles were sleep disrupted using an orbital shaker to deliver automated gentle cage agitation at continuous intervals. Sleep was measured using EEG/EMG signals and paired with real time glutamate concentrations in the prefrontal cortex using an amperometric glutamate biosensor. This same method of sleep disruption was applied early in development (postnatal days 14–21) and the long term effects on brain development were quantified by examining glutamatergic synapses in adulthood. Results Consistent with previous research in rats, glutamate concentration in the prefrontal cortex increased during periods of wake in the prairie vole. Sleep disruption using the orbital shaker method resulted in brief cortical arousals and reduced time in REM sleep. When applied during development, early life sleep disruption resulted in long-term changes in both pre- and post-synaptic components of glutamatergic synapses in the prairie vole prefrontal cortex including increased density of immature spines. Conclusion In the prairie vole rodent model, sleep disruption on an orbital shaker produces a sleep, behavioral, and neurological phenotype that mirrors aspects of autism spectrum disorder including altered features of excitatory neurotransmission within the prefrontal cortex. Studies using this method of sleep disruption combined with real time biosensors for excitatory neurotransmitters will enhance our understanding of modifiable risk factors, such as sleep, that contribute to the altered development of glutamatergic synapses in the brain and their relationship to social behavior. Support (if any) NSF #1926818, VA CDA #IK2 BX002712, Portland VA Research Foundation, NIH NHLBI 5T32HL083808-10, VA Merit Review #I01BX001643
5
Kanaya, Hiroyuki J., Sungeon Park, Ji-hyung Kim, Junko Kusumi, Sofian Krenenou, Etsuko Sawatari, Aya Sato, et al. "A sleep-like state in Hydra unravels conserved sleep mechanisms during the evolutionary development of the central nervous system." Science Advances 6, no. 41 (October 2020): eabb9415. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abb9415.
Full textAbstract:
Sleep behaviors are observed even in nematodes and arthropods, yet little is known about how sleep-regulatory mechanisms have emerged during evolution. Here, we report a sleep-like state in the cnidarian Hydra vulgaris with a primitive nervous organization. Hydra sleep was shaped by homeostasis and necessary for cell proliferation, but it lacked free-running circadian rhythms. Instead, we detected 4-hour rhythms that might be generated by ultradian oscillators underlying Hydra sleep. Microarray analysis in sleep-deprived Hydra revealed sleep-dependent expression of 212 genes, including cGMP-dependent protein kinase 1 (PRKG1) and ornithine aminotransferase. Sleep-promoting effects of melatonin, GABA, and PRKG1 were conserved in Hydra. However, arousing dopamine unexpectedly induced Hydra sleep. Opposing effects of ornithine metabolism on sleep were also evident between Hydra and Drosophila, suggesting the evolutionary switch of their sleep-regulatory functions. Thus, sleep-relevant physiology and sleep-regulatory components may have already been acquired at molecular levels in a brain-less metazoan phylum and reprogrammed accordingly.
6
Donovan, E. K., and J. M. Dzierzewski. "0182 The Sleep Regularity Questionnaire: Development and Preliminary Psychometric Properties." Sleep 43, Supplement_1 (April 2020): A72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsaa056.180.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Introduction Sleep is a critically important behavior which influences diverse aspects of health, functioning, and longevity. An increasing literature suggests the importance of sleep regularity, also referred to as sleep inconsistency, sleep variability, or intraindividual variability in sleep. Given there is no brief, subjective measure of sleep regularity, the purpose of this study was to examine the psychometric properties of an in-development, ten-item Sleep Regularity Questionnaire (SRQ). Methods In an online study of sleep and health, participants (n = 3284; Mage (SD)= 42.74(16.72); 47.8% female; 77.1% white) completed the in-development SRQ, as well as other sleep-related measures including the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Results An exploratory factor analysis on a random half of the sample revealed a two factor structure, with four items representing “circadian regularity” and two items representing “sleep disturbance regularity.” A confirmatory factor analysis on the other random half of the sample fit the two factor model with good model fit indices (X2 = 50.9, df = 7, p < .001; RMSEA = .06; CFI= .99; NFI = .99; IFI = .99; TLI = .98). The SRQ was negatively associated with poor sleep quality measured via the PSQI (r = -.37, p < .001) and negatively associated with insomnia severity measured via the ISI (r = -.40, p < .001). Conclusion The SRQ appears to be a valid instrument for the assessment of sleep regularity in adults that is related to, but distinct from, other established sleep constructs. Future research will benefit from examining test-retest reliability of the measure as well as assessing the validity of the SRQ as a measure of objective sleep regularity by comparing it to conventional diary, actigraphy, and/or polysomnography methods of sleep assessment. Support This work was supported by the National Institute on Aging of the National Institutes of Health under Award Number K23AG049955 (PI: Dzierzewski). The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health.
7
Bisson, Alycia Sullivan, Susan Redline, and Shaun Purcell. "Linking Sleep and Racial Health Disparities: Characterizing Sleep in the National Sleep Research Resource." Innovation in Aging 5, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2021): 627. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igab046.2389.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract To address the problem of racial health disparities, prior work has studied differences in environmentally-influenced and modifiable health behaviors, like nutrition and physical activity. Mounting evidence suggests that sleep plays a key role in health, including cardiometabolic and neurodegenerative disease. Thus, studies have begun to characterize sleep differences across racial groups. We aimed to better quantify differences in objective sleep that may contribute to racial health disparities. In preliminary analyses, we examined whole-night polysomnography from 728 individuals between the ages of 7 and 86 (M: 41.39, SD: 19.39) in the diverse Cleveland Family Study (45% males, 57% African Americans; AAs). Linear models examined racial differences in a battery of sleep metrics and tested interactions with age. Microarchitecture metrics included NREM spindle and slow oscillations, important to cognitive-aging and cardiometabolic health. AAs spent relatively more time in lighter N2 (b= 0.295, p<.001) and less time in deeper N3 (b= -0.364, p<.001) sleep. AAs also had lower NREM spectral power across multiple frequency bands (p<.001), and reductions in spindle characteristics including amplitude (b = -0.537, p<.001) and density (b = -0.341, p<.001). Metrics showed qualitatively different patterns of interaction with age: e.g., racial differences in N3 duration increased with age, and differences in spindle amplitude decreased with age (interactions p<.001), despite marked age-related reductions across all individuals. This work may help to identify specific modifiable aspects of sleep as targets for ameliorating health disparities. Patterns of racial differences over the lifecourse may illuminate different mechanisms being active at different points in development.
8
Dahl, Ronald E. "The regulation of sleep and arousal: Development and psychopathology." Development and Psychopathology 8, no. 1 (1996): 3–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579400006945.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractThroughout early development, a child spends more time asleep than in any waking activity. Yet, the specific role of sleep in brain maturation is a complete mystery. In this article, the developmental psychobiology of sleep regulation is conceptualized within the context of close links to the control of arousal, affect, and attention. The interactions among these systems are considered from an ontogenetic and evolutionary biological perspective. A model is proposed for the development of sleep and arousal regulation with the following major tenets:1. Sleep and vigilance represent opponent processes in a larger system of arousal regulation.2. The regulation of sleep, arousal, affect, and attention overlap in physiological, neuroanatomical, clinical, and developmental domains.3. Complex interactions among these regulatory systems are modulated and integrated in regions of the prefrontal cortex (PFC).4. Changes at the level of PFC underlie maturational shifts in the relative balance across these regulatory systems (such as decreases in the depth/length of sleep and increased capacity for vigilance and attention), which occur with normal development.5. The effects of sleep deprivation (including alterations in attention, emotions, and goal-directed behaviors) also involve changes at the level of PFC integration across regulatory systems.This model is then discussed in the context of developmental pathology in the control of affect and attention, with an emphasis on sleep changes in depression.
9
Bailey, Grace A., Emily K. Hubbard, Alfonso Fasano, Marina AJ Tijssen, Timothy Lynch, Kirstie N. Anderson, and Kathryn J. Peall. "Sleep disturbance in movement disorders: insights, treatments and challenges." Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry 92, no. 7 (March 19, 2021): 723–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jnnp-2020-325546.
Full textAbstract:
Sleep and circadian rhythm disturbances are central features of many movement disorders, exacerbating motor and non-motor symptoms and impairing quality of life. Understanding these disturbances to sleep is clinically important and may further our understanding of the underlying movement disorder. This review evaluates the current anatomical and neurochemical understanding of normal sleep and the recognised primary sleep disorders. In addition, we undertook a systematic review of the evidence for disruption to sleep across multiple movement disorders. Rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder has emerged as the most reliable prodromal biomarker for the alpha synucleinopathies, including Parkinson’s disease and multiple system atrophy, often preceding motor symptom onset by several years. Abnormal sleep has also been described for many other movement disorders, but further evidence is needed to determine whether this is a primary or secondary phenotypic component of the underlying condition. Medication used in the treatment of motor symptoms also affects sleep and can aggravate or cause certain sleep disorders. Within the context of movement disorders, there is also some suggestion of a shared underlying mechanism for motor and sleep pathophysiology, with evidence implicating thalamic and brainstem structures and monoaminergic neurotransmission. This review highlights the need for an understanding of normal and abnormal sleep within the movement disorder clinic, an ability to screen for specific causes of poor sleep and to treat sleep disturbance to improve quality of life. Key sleep disorders also act as important biomarkers and have implications in diagnosis, prognosis and the development of future therapies.
10
Crowther, M., S. Ferguson, C. Gupta, and A. Reynolds. "P032 The Health Belief Model for Shift Workers Scale: The development and validation of a novel metric for use in shift working populations." SLEEP Advances 3, Supplement_1 (October 1, 2022): A41—A42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleepadvances/zpac029.105.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Introduction Shift work is associated with circadian misalignment, sleep loss and suboptimal health behaviours, which may contribute to longer term negative health outcomes. interventions based on behavioural models may improve health behaviours in shift workers. To implement and evaluate these interventions, a validated metric based on behavioural theory specifically for use with shift workers would be beneficial. The present study aimed to develop and evaluate the Health Belief Model for Shift Workers (HBM-SW) scale. Methods The HBM-SW development involved a seven-step process, including a literature review, expert panel analysis, cognitive interviews with shift workers, and administration to pilot sample of shift workers (n=153). Validation of the HBM-SW was compared to Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, International Physical Activity Questionnaire and Food Frequency Questionnaire. Results Utilising exploratory factor analysis for factor identification and item reduction, the developed scale loaded on seven factors in line with the theoretical framework of the Health Belief Model Perceived Threat, Perceived Severity, Perceived Benefits, Perceived Barriers, Cues to Action, Self-Efficacy and Health Motivation. The HBM-SW showed good – excellent (α =0.74-0.93) internal consistency and moderate – good (ICC =0.64-0.89) test re-test reliability. Using health behaviour outcome measures, the HBM-SW scale showed meaningful correlations with sleep quality, sleep duration, diet quality and leisure time physical activity, and acceptable validity and reliability. Conclusion Further testing should be conducted in a larger sample to facilitate confirmatory factor analysis. The Health Belief Model for Shift Workers scale is likely to be beneficial for in future studies of interventions for shift workers.
11
Nagy, S., S. M. Pickett, J. Sosa, and A. Garcell. "0262 An Exploratory Examination of the Relationship Between Negative Affect, Stress and Emotional Reactivity, Mindfulness, and Sleep Incompatible Behaviors." Sleep 43, Supplement_1 (April 2020): A100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsaa056.260.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Introduction Stress has been identified as a barrier to engaging in positive health behaviors. Sleep interventions, including sleep hygiene recommendations, highlight stress management as an important treatment component. However, the relationship between negative emotion, stress management or emotion regulation, and positive sleep behaviors has largely been unexamined. Therefore, the current study, through secondary analyses, examined the relationships between negative affect, stress and emotional reactivity and sleep incompatible behaviors. Lastly, the indirect effect that dispositional mindfulness, as a possible self-regulatory mechanism, may have on the relationship was also examined. It was hypothesized that greater levels of stress, emotional reactivity, and negative arousal along with lower levels of dispositional mindfulness would predict higher engagement in sleep incompatible behaviors. Methods Participants (n=308) identified mostly as female (55.8%) and White/Caucasian (83.2%) and with an average age of 36.76 (SD = 12.20). Participants completed the Perceived Stress and Reactivity Scale (PSRS), the Positive and Negative Affect Scale (PANAS), the Sleep Behaviors Self-Rating Scale, and the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ). A multiple regression analysis was conducted using the relevant subscales from the PSRS, PANAS, and FFMQ to predict the occurrence of behaviors incompatible with healthy sleep. Results The hypothesis was partially supported. Results indicated that the model significantly predicted sleep incompatible behavior (R2= .108, F(9, 299) = 4.042, p < .001), with only negative affect (β= .163, t(299) = 2.555, p = .011) and nonreactivity (β= -.219, t(299) = -2.484, p = .014) remaining significant when all variables were entered in the model. Conclusion The findings demonstrate that negative affect and reactivity are significant predictors of engagement in poor sleep hygiene practices. They also suggest that certain facets of dispositional mindfulness has an indirect relationship with sleep incompatible behaviors. The results may contribute to the development of sleep health interventions and highlight the need for future research. Support N/A
12
Shams-White, Marissa, Lauren O'Connor, Sydney O'Connor, Amy Miller, Beth Mittl, Tom Nicholson, Christie Kaefer, and Kirsten Herrick. "Development of a Sleep Assessment Module in the Automated Self-Administered 24-Hour (ASA24) Dietary Assessment Tool: New Research Opportunities." Current Developments in Nutrition 5, Supplement_2 (June 2021): 474. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzab039_010.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Objectives To develop a sleep assessment module in ASA24 to capture self-reported sleep behavior as an optional enhancement to the ASA24 Dietary Assessment Tool for adults. Methods Multiple self-reported sleep assessment tools were considered in module development, including the National Sleep Foundation Sleep Diary, the Activities Completed over Time in 24-hours (ACT24), Munich Chronotype Questionnaire (MCTQ), and the Consensus Sleep Diary (CSD) Core. Priority was given to minimal need for adaptation, questionnaire length to reduce survey fatigue, incorporating plain language, and optimizing for implementation in 24 hour recalls (24HR) and food records. Researchers with expertise in meal timing and sleep were consulted for feedback on content and utility and programmers with expertise in survey design were consulted on implementation. Lastly, the online data collection process and ASA24 System's output data files were tested for accuracy. Results The ASA24 sleep module contains ten questions and can be administered immediately following dietary assessment. Eight CSD Core questions were adapted to assess time in bed, time trying to go to sleep, and length of time to fall asleep; number and duration of nocturnal awakenings; wake time and time out of bed for the day; and perceived sleep quality. Two questions were added to capture sleep quality and comparability of reported sleep to a usual night's sleep. For users completing a 24HR, the module includes two questions on time of awakening and sleep quality immediately preceding the first reported meal; all 10 sleep questions are asked for the sleep period immediately following the last meal (i.e., 12 questions total), allowing for assessment of the impact of diet on sleep. In contrast, a food record is completed on the same day users consume the food, and thus all sleep questions address the sleep window prior to the first meal; a single record can be used to assess the impact of sleep on diet. Consecutive days of records can also be collected to capture sleep pre- and post-eating windows. Conclusions The ASA24 sleep module can assess sleep timing and quality and will be available in Fall 2021. Researchers can soon leverage this novel resource to examine the association of sleep with timing of eating and other chrononutrition variables. Funding Sources This project has been funded by the NIH.
13
Herron, Katie, Lorna Farquharson, Abigail Wroe, and Annette Sterr. "Development and Evaluation of a Cognitive Behavioural Intervention for Chronic Post-Stroke Insomnia." Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy 46, no. 6 (February 26, 2018): 641–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1352465818000061.
Full textAbstract:
Background:Cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia (CBTI) has been successfully applied to those with chronic illness. However, despite the high prevalence of post-stroke insomnia, the applicability of CBTI for this population has not been substantially researched or routinely used in clinical practice.Aims:The present study developed a ‘CBTI+’ protocol for those with post-stroke insomnia and tested its efficacy. The protocol also incorporated additional management strategies that considered the consequences of stroke.Method:A single-case experimental design was used with five community-dwelling individuals with post-stroke insomnia. Daily sleep diaries were collected over 11 weeks, including a 2-week baseline, 7-week intervention and 2-week follow-up. The Insomnia Severity Index, Dysfunctional Attitudes and Beliefs About Sleep Scale, Epworth Sleepiness Scale, Fatigue Severity Scale and Stroke Impact Scale were administered pre- and post-treatment, as well as at 2-week follow-up.Results:At post-treatment, three participants no longer met diagnostic criteria for insomnia and all participants showed improvements on two or more sleep parameters, including sleep duration and sleep onset latency. Three participants showed a reduction in daytime sleepiness, increased quality of life and reduction in unhelpful beliefs about sleep.Conclusions:This study provides initial evidence that CBTI+ is a feasible and acceptable intervention for post-stroke insomnia. Furthermore, it indicates that sleep difficulties in community-dwelling stroke populations are at least partly maintained by unhelpful beliefs and behaviours. The development and delivery of the CBTI+ protocol has important clinical implications for managing post-stroke insomnia and highlights directions for future research.
14
Yoon, Ho-Kyoung. "Pharmacological Treatment for Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Behavior Disorder." Chronobiology in Medicine 3, no. 3 (September 30, 2021): 97–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.33069/cim.2021.0022.
Full textAbstract:
Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder (RBD) is a parasomnia characterized by abnormal movement during REM sleep. Violent motor behaviors correlated with dreams commonly result in sleep-related injuries, which are sometimes life-threatening, to patients and their bed partners. The current guidelines for RBD treatment include counseling, modifying the sleep environment to prevent sleep-related injury, and pharmacological therapy. This paper focuses on current pharmacotherapy options for the treatment of RBD, including clonazepam and melatonin, which represent the mainstay of RBD therapy. Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors and dopamine-agonists have been used, as RBD is usually associated with other neurodegenerative diseases, with encouraging results in preliminary clinical trials. More randomized controlled trials with objective outcome measures are needed to assess both short-term and long-term effects of these medications and their efficacy in RBD. Understanding the exact mechanisms involved in decreasing RBD symptoms could provide future approaches in new drug development.
15
Williamson, Ariel A., Mattina Davenport, Olivia Cicalese, and Jodi A. Mindell. "Sleep Problems, Cumulative Risks, and Psychological Functioning in Early Childhood." Journal of Pediatric Psychology 46, no. 7 (March 19, 2021): 878–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jpepsy/jsab022.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Background Sleep problems and cumulative risk factors (e.g., caregiver depression, socioeconomic disadvantage) have independently been linked to adverse child development, but few studies have examined the interplay of these factors. We examined whether cumulative risk exposure moderated the link between sleep problems, including insomnia and poor sleep health, and child psychological outcomes. Methods 205 caregiver-child dyads (child Mage = 3.3 years; 53.7% girls; 62.9% Black, 22.4% non-Latinx White, and 4.4% Latinx; 85.4% maternal caregiver reporter) completed child sleep, family sociodemographic, and child psychological functioning (internalizing, externalizing, and executive functioning) questionnaires. Indexes of cumulative risk exposure, insomnia symptoms, and poor sleep health were created. Results Ninety percent of children had ≥1 cumulative risks, 62.9% had ≥1 insomnia symptom, and 84.5% had ≥1 poor sleep health behavior. Increased insomnia symptoms were significantly associated with increased child internalizing, externalizing, and global executive functioning impairments controlling for child age, race/ethnicity, and sex. Poor sleep health behaviors were associated with internalizing concerns. Cumulative risk exposure was not associated with outcomes but moderated the association between insomnia symptoms and all psychological outcomes, such that children with higher cumulative risk exposure and insomnia symptoms had the greatest impairments. Children with the poorest sleep health behaviors and highest cumulative risks had the greatest internalizing concerns. Conclusions Insomnia symptoms in particular are associated with poor child outcomes, which are exacerbated when accompanied by greater cumulative risk exposure. Clinicians should assess sleep when treating early psychological concerns, especially within the context of increased cumulative risks.
16
Kamal, Musaddad. "Potential effectiveness of sleep hygiene and relaxation Benson in improving the quality of sleep in patients with heart failure: Literature review." International Journal of Nursing and Health Services (IJNHS) 2, no. 1 (April 2, 2019): 101–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.35654/ijnhs.v2i1.69.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract
Heart failure has now become a global cardiovascular problem with high mortality and disability. Sleep disturbance is a common problem in heart failure patients. Sleep disorders that occur in patients with heart failure will cause increased levels of urine catecholamine, plasma leptin, and inflammatory markers. These changes are related to the development of hypertension, activation of the sympathetic nervous system, and blunting of chemoreflex, which will increase the heart burden and ultimately lead to a poor prognosis. Sleep disorders in heart failure patients can be treated with psychological interventions and behaviors including sleep hygiene and Benson relaxation. Nurses, as one of the health professionals, have an important role in this matter. This is because the scope of nursing is meeting basic human needs, namely sleep. Through intervention in sleep hygiene and relaxation, Benson is expected to be able to improve the patient's sleep quality.
Keywords: benson relaxation, heart failure, sleep disorders, sleep hygiene.
17
Simon, Stacey, Haseeb Rahat, Anne-Marie Carreau, Yesenia Garcia-Reyes, Ann Halbower, Laura Pyle, Kristen J. Nadeau, and Melanie Cree-Green. "Poor Sleep Is Related to Metabolic Syndrome Severity in Adolescents With PCOS and Obesity." Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 105, no. 4 (January 4, 2020): e1827-e1834. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/clinem/dgz285.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Context Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder and is associated with metabolic syndrome (MS). Development of MS in PCOS is likely multifactorial and may relate to poor sleep. Objective The objective of this research is to investigate differences in objective markers of sleep in adolescents with obesity and PCOS with and without MS. We also aimed to examine the relationships between markers of sleep with MS markers. Design A cross-sectional study was conducted. Participants Participants included adolescents with PCOS and obesity with MS (N = 30) or without MS (N = 36). Outcome Measures Hormone and metabolic measurements, abdominal magnetic resonance imaging for hepatic fat fraction, actigraphy to estimate sleep, and overnight polysomnography (PSG). Results Adolescents with obesity and PCOS who also had MS had significantly worse sleep-disordered breathing including higher apnea-hypopnea index (AHI, P = .02) and arousal index (P = .01) compared to those without MS. Actigraphy showed no differences in habitual patterns of sleep behaviors including duration, timing, or efficiency between groups. However, a greater number of poor sleep health behaviors was associated with greater number of MS components (P = .04). Higher AHI correlated with higher triglycerides (TG) (r = 0.49, P = .02), and poorer sleep efficiency correlated with higher percentage of liver fat (r = –0.40, P = .01), waist circumference (r = –0.46, P < .01) and higher TG (r = –0.34, P = .04). Conclusions Among girls with PCOS and obesity, sleep-disordered breathing was more prevalent in those with MS, and poor sleep behaviors were associated with metabolic dysfunction and more MS symptoms. Sleep health should be included in the assessment of adolescents with PCOS and obesity.
18
Yuksel, Dilara, Grace McKee, Paul Perrin, Elisabet Alzueta, Sendy Caffarra, Daniela Ramos-Usuga, Juan-Carlos Arango-Lasprilla, and Fiona Baker. "196 Sleeping Through a Pandemic: Sleep Health in Adults Around the World During the COVID-19 Lockdown." Sleep 44, Supplement_2 (May 1, 2021): A79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsab072.195.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Introduction The novel COVID-19 disease rapidly escalated into a global pandemic affecting people around the world. While communities imposed mitigation measures to stop the spread of the disease, the mass (home) confinement in addition to the uncertainty of the pandemic led to drastic changes in all aspects of life, including sleep. Sleep health is strongly linked with mental and overall health and could play a protective role against the development of mental distress during the pandemic. Here, we investigated sleep health in a global multicultural sample of adults during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods We surveyed 6,882 adults (18-94 years) across 59 countries about their sleep health (RU-SATED scale), sleep behaviors, demographics, pandemic-related factors, and mood between late April and early May 2020. A hierarchical stepwise multiple linear regression was performed to investigate correlates of sleep health. Results Compared with pre-pandemic times, more than one third of the sample reported an increase in sleep disturbances, and more than half of the sample shifted their sleep schedule towards later bed- and wake-up times. Better sleep health was associated with being partnered, older age and living in a higher-income country (p<.001). Poorer sleep health was associated with a stricter level of quarantine, and other pandemic-related factors including being laid off from job, financial strain, or difficulties with transitioning to working from home (R2=.116, p<.001). Domestic conflict emerged as the strongest correlate of poorer sleep health in the regression model. Greater depression and anxiety symptoms were associated with a poorer sleep health (p<.001). In a global comparison, Latin Americans reported the lowest sleep health scores. Conclusion Our findings highlight how sleep behavior has changed during the international quarantine- and isolation measurements and show the association between pandemic-related factors and poor sleep health, which, in turn, is closely linked with poorer mental health. These results emphasize the importance of maintaining good sleep health during the pandemic, since poorer sleep health may trigger or exacerbate mental disorders. Maintenance of good sleep health should be incorporated into public health messages aimed at helping people maintain optimal mental and physical health during major stressful life events like the COVID-19 pandemic. Support (if any):
19
Full, Kelsie M., Chandra L. Jackson, Casey M. Rebholz, Kunihiro Matsushita, and Pamela L. Lutsey. "Obstructive Sleep Apnea, Other Sleep Characteristics, and Risk of CKD in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Sleep Heart Health Study." Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 31, no. 8 (June 26, 2020): 1859–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1681/asn.2020010024.
Full textAbstract:
BackgroundObstructive sleep apnea may be associated with development of CKD through hypoxia, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Individuals with this sleep disorder are also at increased risk for established CKD risk factors, including obesity, hypertension, and type 2 diabetes.MethodsWe examined the association between obstructive sleep apnea, other sleep characteristics, and risk of incident CKD (stage 3 or higher) in 1525 participants (mean age, 62.5 years; 52.4% women) in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study who completed in-home polysomnography assessments. We used the apnea-hypopnea index (events per hour) to define obstructive sleep apnea severity (normal, <5.0; mild, 5.0–14.9; moderate, 15.0–29.9; and severe, ≥30.0) and defined incident CKD (stage 3 or higher) as eGFR<60 ml/min per 1.73 m2 and ≥25% decline from baseline, CKD-related hospitalization or death, or ESKD. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to estimate obstructive sleep apnea severity with risk of incident CKD, adjusting for demographics, lifestyle behaviors, and cardiometabolic conditions.ResultsDuring 19 years (median) of follow-up, 461 CKD events occurred. After adjustment for demographics and lifestyle behaviors, severe obstructive sleep apnea associated with increased risk of CKD (hazard ratio [HR], 1.51; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.08 to 2.10), which was attenuated after adjustment for body mass index (HR, 1.07; 95% CI, 0.75 to 1.52). No other sleep characteristics associated with incident CKD.ConclusionsWe found a link between obstructive sleep apnea and an elevated risk of stage 3 CKD or higher, but this association was no longer significant after adjusting for obesity, a risk factor for both conditions. Given the high prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea and CKD among adults, further investigation is warranted.
20
Wu, Yu-Ting, Ya-Chuan Huang, Yung-Sen Chang, and Chien-Ming Yang. "626 Association between Co-Sleep and Behavioral Problems among Preschoolers in Taiwan." Sleep 44, Supplement_2 (May 1, 2021): A245—A246. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsab072.624.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Introduction ‘Co-sleep’ is defined as the sleep arrangements in which parents and their child sharing a sleeping surface (bed-sharing or room-sharing). Similar to the other Asian countries, Taiwan has a high reported rates of bed-sharing. Previous researches had shown shorter sleep duration and poorer sleep quality in children with co-sleep. However, the association between co-sleep and the children’s emotional and behavioral problems has not been well studied. This study aims to explore the association between sleeping arrangements and children’s sleep, as well as their daytime emotional and behavioral problems. Methods 9,582 caregivers of preschoolers (age= 4.70±0.806; Male: Female=52%:48%) completed a questionnaire regarding their children’s sleep schedule, the Children’s Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ) and Strength and Difficulties Questions (SDQ). The reported frequency on the items of the CHSQ question regarding co-sleep, asking whether the child falls asleep in parent’s or sibling’ s bed or sleep alone, were used to divide the children into three groups: usually co-sleep group, sometimes co-sleep group and sleep-alone group. Results Among 2,967 preschoolers, 6,272 children (65.5%) reported usually co-sleep, 816 children (8.5%) reported sometimes co-sleep, and 2,494 children (26%) reported sleeping alone. One-way ANOVAs showed significant differences among three groups in: 1) sleep patterns, including weekday nighttime sleep duration (F=24.43, p<.01), weekend nighttime sleep duration (F=3.13, p<.05), weekday nap duration (F=4.24, p<.05), and weekend nap time (F=4.39, p<.05); 2) sleep problems on the CHSQ, including bed time resistance (F=7027.25, p<.01), sleep onset delay (F=33.06, p<.01), sleep duration (F=65.51, p<.01), sleep anxiety (F=788.48, p<.01), night waking (F=37.90, p<.01), parasomnias (F=47.43, p<.01), sleep disorder breathing (F=7.58, p<.01), and sleepiness (F=13.44, p<.01); 3) behavioral problems and development on the SDQ, including hyperactivity (F=21.16, p<.01), emotional symptom (F=23.08, p<.01), conduct problem (F=8.65, p<.01), peer problems (F=20.59, p<.01), and prosocial (F=17.67, p<.01). Conclusion Our results indicate that children with more frequent co-sleep may have shorter sleep duration, more sleep problems as well as more external and internal behavioral problems, while sleep-alone children showed more prosocial behaviors, longer sleep duration, and less sleep problems. The potential developmental problems related to co-sleep may be underestimated in Asian culture and need more attentions. Support (if any):
21
Ordway, Monica Roosa, Nancy Redeker, and Lois Sadler. "2486." Journal of Clinical and Translational Science 1, S1 (September 2017): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cts.2017.235.
Full textAbstract:
OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: The purposes of this study are to examine the relationships among sleep characteristics (duration, efficiency), stress biomarkers, and child behavior problems among toddlers living in socioeconomically disadvantaged homes and how these characteristics change over time from age of 12 months to 24 months. Aim 1: examine changes in subjective and objective sleep characteristics from 12 to 24 months of age. Aim 2: examine changes in stress biomarkers from 12 to 24 months of age. Aim 3: examine the cross sectional and longitudinal relationships between sleep characteristics and stress response. Aim 4: examine the cross sectional and longitudinal relationships between sleep characteristics and toddlers’ child behavior problems. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: In this cross-sectional study we are recruiting parents with healthy toddlers from early head start programs and a community clinic to prospectively examine the relationships among sleep characteristics, stress biomarkers, and children’s health. Data on sleep characteristics will include subjective and objective measures of sleep duration and efficiency and parental interactive bedtime behaviors to assist their toddlers’ sleep initiation. Multisystemic biomarkers of stress including cortisol, CRP, IL-6, and BMI, will be measured individually. The associations between sleep characteristics and the biomarkers, considered as a latent variable of the stress response, will be explored. Health measures will include secretory IgA and parent-reported behavioral problems. Generalized linear models will be used in the data analysis. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: To date we have obtained objective (9 days/nights of actigraphy) measures of 33 toddlers’ sleep and subjective measures of parenting interactive behaviors. Using the Parental Interactive Bedtime Behavior (PIBB) Survey and subscales [active physical comforting, encourage autonomy, settle by movement, passive physical comforting (PPC), social comforting], we are currently reporting on the associations between PIBB and toddler’s sleep characteristics. The sample included 33 toddlers (mean age=1.33 years, SD=0.54). The toddlers’ sleep duration averaged 8.22 hours (SD=0.86). There were statistically significant moderate associations between sleep duration and parents’ PPC (r=−0.41, p=0.02). Intra-individual variability in the amount of wake after sleep onset was also significantly associated with total PIBB and PPC (r=0.37, p=0.05; r=0.52, p=0.002, respectively). Intra-individual variability in the amount of sleep fragmentation within toddlers was significantly associated with total PIBB (r=0.36, p=0.05). DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: Although active physical comforting (eg, rocking to sleep, patting or rubbing child’s back) is most commonly associated with sleep patterns in infancy and toddlerhood among samples of higher socio-economic status, findings from this study suggest a stronger association between PPC (eg, presence of the parent in the room to fall asleep) and less sleep duration and more individual variability in night wakings. The biomarker data are currently being analyzed and results will be presented within the year. Taken together, these preliminary results and pending results will inform future intervention development that may address the role of parenting behavior in promoting health sleep early in life.
22
Walker, William H., and Jeremy C. Borniger. "Molecular Mechanisms of Cancer-Induced Sleep Disruption." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 11 (June 6, 2019): 2780. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20112780.
Full textAbstract:
Sleep is essential for health. Indeed, poor sleep is consistently linked to the development of systemic disease, including depression, metabolic syndrome, and cognitive impairments. Further evidence has accumulated suggesting the role of sleep in cancer initiation and progression (primarily breast cancer). Indeed, patients with cancer and cancer survivors frequently experience poor sleep, manifesting as insomnia, circadian misalignment, hypersomnia, somnolence syndrome, hot flushes, and nightmares. These problems are associated with a reduction in the patients’ quality of life and increased mortality. Due to the heterogeneity among cancers, treatment regimens, patient populations and lifestyle factors, the etiology of cancer-induced sleep disruption is largely unknown. Here, we discuss recent advances in understanding the pathways linking cancer and the brain and how this leads to altered sleep patterns. We describe a conceptual framework where tumors disrupt normal homeostatic processes, resulting in aberrant changes in physiology and behavior that are detrimental to health. Finally, we discuss how this knowledge can be leveraged to develop novel therapeutic approaches for cancer-associated sleep disruption, with special emphasis on host-tumor interactions.
23
Zheng, Chen, Wendy Yajun Huang, Sinead Sheridan, Cindy Hui-Ping Sit, Xiang-Ke Chen, and Stephen Heung-Sang Wong. "COVID-19 Pandemic Brings a Sedentary Lifestyle in Young Adults: A Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Study." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 17 (August 19, 2020): 6035. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17176035.
Full textAbstract:
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic continues to pose profound challenges to society. Its spread has been mitigated through strategies including social distancing; however, this may result in the adoption of a sedentary lifestyle. This study aimed to investigate: (1) physical activity (PA) levels, sedentary behavior (SB), and sleep in young adults during the COVID-19 epidemic, and (2) the change in these behaviors before and during the pandemic. A total of 631 young adults (38.8% males) aged between 18 and 35 participated in the cross-sectional study and completed a one-off online survey relating to general information, PA, SB, and sleep. For the longitudinal study, PA, SB, and sleep data, obtained from 70 participants before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, were analyzed. Participants engaged in low PA, high SB, and long sleep duration during the COVID-19 pandemic. Moreover, a significant decline in PA while an increase in time spent in both SB and sleep was observed during the COVID-19 outbreak. The results of this study demonstrated a sedentary lifestyle in young adults during the COVID-19 pandemic, which will assist health policymakers and practitioners in the development of population specific health education and behavior interventions during this pandemic and for other future events.
24
Leary, Mark, Kirrilly M. Pursey, Antonio Verdejo-Garcia, Scarlett Smout, Nyanda McBride, Bridie Osman, Katrina E. Champion, et al. "Socio-Demographic, Self-Control, Bullying, Parenting, and Sleep as Proximal Factors Associated with Food Addiction among Adolescents." Behavioral Sciences 12, no. 12 (December 1, 2022): 488. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bs12120488.
Full textAbstract:
Adolescence is considered an important period of neurodevelopment. It is a time for the emergence of psychosocial vulnerabilities, including symptoms of depression, eating disorders, and increased engagement in unhealthy eating behaviours. Food addiction (FA) in adolescents is an area of study where there has been substantial growth. However, to date, limited studies have considered what demographic characteristics of adolescents may predispose them to endorse greater symptoms of FA. Studies have found a variety of factors that often cluster with and may influence an adolescent’s eating behaviour such as sleep, level of self-control, and parenting practices, as well as bullying. Therefore, this study investigated a range of socio-demographic-, trait-, mental health-, and lifestyle-related profiles (including self-control, parenting, bullying, and sleep) as proximal factors associated with symptoms of FA, as assessed via the Yale Food Addiction Scale for Children (YFAS-C) in a large sample of Australian adolescents. Following data cleaning, the final analysed sample included 6587 students (age 12.9 years ± 0.39; range 10.9–14.9 years), with 50.05% identifying as male (n = 3297), 48.5% as female (n = 3195), 1.02% prefer not to say (n = 67), and 0.43% as non-binary (n = 28). Self-control was found to be the most significant predictor of the total FA symptom score, followed by female gender, sleep quality, and being a victim of bullying. Universal prevention programs should therefore aim to address these factors to help reduce the prevalence or severity of FA symptoms within early adolescent populations.
25
Choi, Gyeong Seon, Ji Young Yun, Sungeun Hwang, Song E. Kim, Jeong-Yeon Kim, Chang-Hwan Im, and Hyang Woon Lee. "Can Corticomuscular Coherence Differentiate between REM Sleep Behavior Disorder with or without Parkinsonism?" Journal of Clinical Medicine 10, no. 23 (November 27, 2021): 5585. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm10235585.
Full textAbstract:
REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD) could be a predictor of Parkinsonism even before development of typical motor symptoms. This study aims to characterize clinical features and corticomuscular and corticocortical coherence (CMC and CCC, respectively) during sleep in RBD patients with or without Parkinsonism. We enrolled a total of 105 subjects, including 20 controls, 54 iRBD, and 31 RBD+P patients, patients who were diagnosed as idiopathic RBD (iRBD) and RBD with Parkinsonism (RBD+P) in our neurology department. We analyzed muscle atonia index (MAI) and CMC between EEG and chin/limb muscle electromyography (EMG) and CCC during different sleep stages. Although differences in the CMC of iRBD group were observed only during REM sleep, MAI differences between groups were noted during both REM and NREM N2 stage sleep. During REM sleep, CMC was higher and MAI was reduced in iRBD patients compared to controls (p = 0.001, p < 0.001, respectively). Interestingly, MAI was more reduced in RBD+P compared to iRBD patients. In comparison, CCC was higher in iRBD patients compared to controls whereas CCC was lower in RBD+P groups compared to control and iRBD groups in various frequency bands during both NREM N2 and REM sleep stages. Among them, increased CMC during REM sleep revealed correlation between clinical severities of RBD symptoms. Our findings indicate that MAI, CMC, and CCC showed distinctive features in iRBD and RBD+P patients compared to controls, suggesting potential usefulness to understand possible links between these diseases.
26
Fiorentin, Luciano, Marcos Freitas Cordeiro, Sirlei Favero Cetolin, Luana Patrícia Marmitt, and Vilma Beltrame. "Impacts of covid-19 social distancing on the sleep of health students." International Journal of Advanced Engineering Research and Science 9, no. 7 (2022): 025–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.22161/ijaers.97.4.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction: Sleep plays an important role in the balance of the human body. Its deprivation influences the development of cardiovascular, metabolic, psychological, and learning disorders. The restrictions imposed by Covid-19 on social activities affected the routine of many people, including university students, possibly impacting sleep conditions. Objective: To analyze the sleep characteristics of university students in the health area during the Covid-19 social distancing. Methodology: Cross-sectional study with 656 students from two community universities of Santa Catarina. Behavior characteristics were analyzed before and during the pandemic, relating them to sleep. Proportion analysis, crude and adjusted analyzes of the factors associated with sleep problems were performed. Results: 48.8% of the students had sleep problems. Of these, 41% were developed during social distancing. There was an increase in the difficulty to start sleep (42.4%), to stay asleep (29.4%), and dissatisfaction with sleep (36.6%). Sleep time was adequate, but insufficient to feel good for 25.6%. More sleep problems were observed among students that were older (PR=1.17; CI95%: 0.76-1.80), studied at UNOESC (PR=1.87; CI95%: 1.12-3.14), had greater use of social media (PR=2.03; CI95%: 1.21-3.39), had anxiety, sadness, and concern (PR=1.78; CI95%:1.02-3.10), had worse eating habits (PR=1.45; CI95: 1.01-2.07) and consumed alcohol (PR=1.59; IC95%: 0.98-2.58). Conclusion: Proper sleep time did not guarantee satisfaction with sleep. The prevalence of students with sleep problems increased with social distancing. Unhealthy eating habits, alcohol consumption, and social media use increased the risk of these problems.
27
Woods, A. D., P. L. Morgan, J. L. Jiao, and O. M. Buxton. "0371 Educational Disparities in U.S. Elementary School Children are Related to Sleep Duration and Bedtimes." Sleep 43, Supplement_1 (April 2020): A142. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsaa056.368.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Introduction Sleep is vital for healthy development in children. Suboptimal sleep health may play an under-appreciated role in educational achievement gaps among vulnerable student populations. Students of color, students from economically disadvantaged homes, and students with disabilities are especially likely to experience poor sleep. Sleep deficiency could interfere with school functioning, including academic achievement. Methods Longitudinal data from the nationally-representative Early Childhood Longitudinal Study (ECLS-K: 2011) included ~12,000 students. We tested the hypothesis that parent-reported child sleep duration (typical hours per night) was associated with academic achievement trajectories (3rd-5th grade). We further tested the extent to which this relation is linked to parent-reported bedtimes in kindergarten. Preregistered analyses (osf.io) used structural equation path modeling, stratified by racial/ethnic group (White, Black, Hispanic, Asian), disability status, and socioeconomic status (SES) tertiles. Students were assessed using psychometrically-validated standardized academic achievement tests. Results Children with later kindergarten bedtimes had shorter sleep duration across 3rd-5th grade. Children with shorter sleep duration also had poorer achievement in 3rd grade. The path by which sleep associates with achievement differed by vulnerable subgroups. Among children from average- or high-SES families, earlier bedtimes were related to higher reading achievement growth across 3rd-5th grade, but not among children from low-SES families. For children with disabilities, longer sleep duration was significantly and positively associated with growth in reading achievement across 3rd-5th grade, but this relation among children with disabilities was not evident within racial or ethnic groups or SES strata. Conclusion Sleep duration, a modifiable behavioral factor, may be a promising target of intervention in families for promoting healthy childhood sleep health behaviors. Results provide evidence that age-appropriate bedtimes and adequate sleep duration could be promoted among vulnerable populations including students with disabilities. For instance, although most screening instruments do not currently evaluate sleep or sleep disorders, assessing and treating disability or behavioral difficulties could include such evaluations for clinical and parent consideration. Support Penn State Center for Educational Disparities Research
28
Perez, Elliottnell, Sahar Sabet, Pablo Soto, and Joseph Dzierzewski. "0249 Sleeping In to Avoid Acting Out: The Association Between Sleep Regularity and Emotion Regulation." Sleep 45, Supplement_1 (May 25, 2022): A112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsac079.247.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Introduction Sleep and emotions are closely intertwined facets of individuals’ mental health and well-being. Previous studies have consistently shown that sleep is critical in the maintenance of emotion regulation; however, few research studies have examined the association between sleep regularity and emotion regulation skills. The current study seeks to answer this question by examining whether sleep regularity is associated with individual facets of emotion regulation, as well as overall emotion regulation ability. Methods Secondary analysis was performed on data obtained from 999 individuals (M age=44.17, SD=16.23; 47.7% female) who participated in the Investigating Sleep Longitudinally Across Normal Development (ISLAND) online study. The Sleep Regularity Questionnaire was used to measure the degree to which individuals engage in consistent sleep behavior. The Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale was used to measure perceived overall emotion regulation ability, as well as individual facets of emotion regulation. Regression analyses were used to determine whether sleep regularity predicted difficulties in emotion regulation while controlling for age, race, gender, sleep quality, and total sleep time. Total sleep time and sleep quality information were obtained from item #4 and item #6 of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, respectively. Results Less sleep regularity significantly predicted greater overall emotion regulation difficulties (p=.021, B=-.13). Less sleep regularity was associated with greater difficulty in individual facets of emotion regulation including emotional clarity (p<.001, B=-.05), impulse control (p<.001, B=-.05), nonacceptance of emotional responses (p=.009, B=-.04), and access to emotion regulation strategies (p<.001, B=-.06). Surprisingly, greater sleep regularity was associated with more difficulties with emotional awareness (p<.001, B=.09). Sleep regularity was not associated with difficulty engaging in goal-direct behavior (p=.103, B=-.02). Conclusion Poorer sleep regularity significantly predicted greater overall emotion regulation difficulties. Findings from the current study add to the literature supporting the close links between sleep and emotion regulation, and suggest that the promotion and enhancement of consistent, regular sleep may be an important factor that leads to improved emotion regulatory skills beyond the sleep experience (i.e., sleep quality and duration). Additional research is needed to disentangle this association and identify additional factors or mechanisms that may further elucidate this association. Support (If Any) Research reported in this publication was supported by the National Institute on Aging of the National Institutes of Health under Award Number K23AG049955 (PI: Dzierzewski).
29
Sañudo, Borja, Curtis Fennell, and Antonio J. Sánchez-Oliver. "Objectively-Assessed Physical Activity, Sedentary Behavior, Smartphone Use, and Sleep Patterns Pre- and during-COVID-19 Quarantine in Young Adults from Spain." Sustainability 12, no. 15 (July 22, 2020): 5890. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12155890.
Full textAbstract:
This study assessed the effects of COVID-19 home confinement on physical activity, sedentary behavior, smartphone use, and sleep patterns. Data was collected in a sample of 20 young adults (mean age ± SD: 22.6 ± 3.4 years; 55% males) over seven days pre- and during the COVID-19 lockdown. Objective and subjective physical activity (Accelerometer and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), respectively), the number of hours sitting (IPAQ), objectively-measured smartphone use (smartphone screen time applications), and objective and subjective sleep (accelerometer and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, respectively) were assessed. Results revealed significantly greater walking time and mean steps (p < 0.001, d = 1.223 to 1.605), and moderate and vigorous physical activity (p < 0.05, d = 0.568 to 0.616), in the pre- compared with the during-COVID-19 lockdown phase. Additionally, smartphone use (p = 0.009, d = 0.654), sitting time (p = 0.002, d = 1.120), and total sleep (p < 0.004, d = 0.666) were significantly greater in the during- compared with the pre-COVID-19 lockdown phase. Multiple regressions analyses showed associations between physical activity and sedentary behavior and sleep quality. The number of hours sitting per day and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity significantly predicted deep sleep (adj.R2 = 0.46). In conclusion, this study revealed that during the COVID-19 outbreak, behaviors changed, with participants spending less time engaging in physical activity, sitting more, spending more time using the smartphone, and sleeping more hours. These findings may be of importance to make recommendations, including lifestyle modifications during this time.
30
Enriquez-Marulanda, Alejandro, Valentina Quintana-Peña, Yuri Takeuchi, and Jairo Quiñones. "Case Report: Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Behavior Disorder as the First Manifestation of Multiple Sclerosis." International Journal of MS Care 20, no. 4 (July 1, 2018): 180–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.7224/1537-2073.2017-001.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (RBD) is a parasomnia characterized by brief recurrent episodes of loss of muscle atonia during rapid eye movement sleep, with enacted dreams that cause sleep disruption. Patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) have an increased risk compared with the general population to be affected by a sleep disturbance, including RBD. Patients affected, however, uncommonly can present RBD as the first clinical manifestation of MS without other neurologic deficits. These clinical presentations have usually been attributed to inflammatory lesions in the pedunculopontine nuclei, located in the dorsal pons. We present a case of RBD in a 38-year-old woman who was later diagnosed as having MS due to imaging findings and development of focal neurologic deficits. MS should be considered among the differential diagnoses in patients who present with symptoms of RBD, particularly if they are young and female.
31
Lui, K. K., B. A. Mander, S. Radom-Aizik, M. G. Chappel-Farley, A. Dave, I. Y. Chen, R. M. Benca, and A. B. Neikrug. "0335 Frontal Expression of NREM Sleep Oscillations are Associated with Executive Function in Children and Adolescents." Sleep 43, Supplement_1 (April 2020): A127. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsaa056.332.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Introduction The prefrontal cortex, an area known for executive functioning (including inhibition and self-monitoring) develops during childhood and adolescents, with a pattern of posterior to anterior brain development. Slow-wave activity (SWA) in NREM sleep, tracks brain development with high SWA power migrating from occipital to frontal region as brain maturation occurs. This pilot study aimed to examine whether slow wave topography is correlated with executive function in youth. Methods Seventeen healthy children and adolescents (ages 11-17; 10 females) underwent overnight polysomnography (PSG) with high-density electroencephalography (hdEEG). Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF) was administered to assess executive function. SWA (SWA1: 0.5-1 Hz; SWA2: 1-4.5 Hz) and spindle (slow sigma: 11-13 Hz; fast sigma: 13-16 Hz) activity was analyzed with spectral analysis using Welch’s method. BRIEF subscales of inhibition and monitor were correlated with SWA and sigma power across all derivations, with Holm-Bonferroni correction (126 channels). Significant derivations were then controlled for sex and self-reported Tanner stage using multiple regression Results BRIEF-Inhibition scale (i.e., ability to repress impulsivity) and SWA1 in anterior frontal derivations were negatively correlated (R2=0.58, p=0.047 corrected). BRIEF-Monitor scale (i.e., self-perception of one’s own behavior and interpersonal awareness) was negatively correlated with fast sigma in anterior frontal derivations (R2=0.65, p=0.013 corrected). These associations were significant after controlling for sex and Tanner stage. Conclusion These results support the hypothesis that NREM sleep oscillations are associated with executive function and reflect changes in neuroplasticity related to “back-to-front” brain maturation. Future longitudinal studies should combine multi-modal neuroimaging of brain structure and local sleep with comprehensive assessments of executive function to evaluate the possible link between local sleep and development of higher-order cognition in frontal brain regions in youth. Support NCATS grant #UL1TR001414 & PERC Systems Biology Fund
32
Kaur, Jasleen, Supreet Kaur, Dr Vandana, Sahib Tej Singh, Danish Khindri, and Vidhuta Sareen. "Stopping for Mental Health Screening Before Periodontal Treatment – Role of Psychobiological Risk Indicators in Severity of Periodontal Diseases." RGUHS Journal of Dental Sciences 14, no. 3 (2022): 53–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.26715/rjds.14_3_10.
Full textAbstract:
Background: As with many chronic infections, the initiation and progression of periodontal diseases are modified by local and systemic host conditions, or risk factors, that markedly affect the resistance of the host to infecting periodontal pathogens. There are large number of factors including genetic, environmental, and psychosocial which constitute a substantial risk in the development of periodontal destructive diseases. Aim: The aim of present study was to scrutinize the relationship between clinical depression, sleep quality and severity of periodontitis using clinical parameters and a depression and sleep quality rating scale. Materials and Methods: Hundred patients were enrolled in this case-control study, of which 50 patients diagnosed with chronic periodontitis were categorized into cases and 50 patients who were systemically and periodontally healthy were designated as controls. The periodontal parameters recorded included probing depth and simplified oral hygiene index (OHI-S). Depression was determined using Beck’s depression scale. Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was used for scrutinizing sleep quality. Results: Self‑reported scoring of depression and sleep quality by using Beck’s depression inventory and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index questionnaire has revealed that patients diagnosed with chronic periodontitis had an appreciable elevated score of depression and poor sleep quality than normal controls. Conclusion: Findings of this case-control study revealed a statistically significant relationship between depression, its associated oral health behavior, sleep deprivation experienced and severity of destructive periodontal diseases.
33
Tomaz, Simone A., Alessandra Prioreschi, Estelle D. Watson, Joanne A. McVeigh, Dale E. Rae, Rachel A. Jones, and Catherine E. Draper. "Body Mass Index, Physical Activity, Sedentary Behavior, Sleep, and Gross Motor Skill Proficiency in Preschool Children From a Low- to Middle-Income Urban Setting." Journal of Physical Activity and Health 16, no. 7 (July 1, 2019): 525–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jpah.2018-0133.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Limited research reports on the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and physical activity (PA), sedentary behavior (SB), sleep, and gross motor skills (GMS) in low- and middle-income countries. The aim of this study was to (1) describe BMI, PA, SB, sleep duration, and GMS proficiency in South African preschool children and (2) identify relationships between variables. Methods: BMI, including z scores for height, weight, and BMI were determined. Seven-day PA, SB, and sleep were measured using accelerometry. GMS were assessed using the Test of Gross Motor Development (second edition). Associations were explored by comparing sleep, PA, SB, and GMS between BMI tertiles using the Kruskal–Wallis test. Results: Most (86%) children (n = 78, 50% boys) had a healthy BMI (15.7 [1.3] kg/m2). Children spent 560.5 (52.9) minutes per day in light- to vigorous-intensity PA and 90.9 (30.0) minutes per day in moderate- to vigorous-intensity PA; most (83%) met the current PA guideline. Nocturnal sleep duration was low (9.28 [0.80] h/d). Although daytime naps increased 24-hour sleep duration (10.17 [0.71] h/d), 38% were classified as short sleepers. Around half (54.9%) of participants complied with both PA and sleep guidelines. No associations between variables were found. Conclusion: Despite being lean, sufficiently active, and having adequate GMS, many children were short sleepers, highlighting a possible area for intervention.
34
Erland, Lauren A. E., Praveen K. Saxena, and Susan J. Murch. "Melatonin in plant signalling and behaviour." Functional Plant Biology 45, no. 2 (2018): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/fp16384.
Full textAbstract:
Melatonin is an indoleamine neurotransmitter that has recently become well established as an important multi-functional signalling molecule in plants. These signals have been found to induce several important physiological responses that may be interpreted as behaviours. The diverse processes in which melatonin has been implicated in plants have expanded far beyond the traditional roles for which it has been implicated in mammals, which include sleep, tropisms and reproduction. These functions, however, appear to also be important melatonin mediated processes in plants, though the mechanisms underlying these functions have yet to be fully elucidated. Mediation or redirection of plant physiological processes induced by melatonin can be summarised as a series of behaviours including, among others: herbivore defence, avoidance of undesirable circumstances or attraction to opportune conditions, problem solving and response to environmental stimulus. As the mechanisms of melatonin action are elucidated, its involvement in plant growth, development and behaviour is likely to expand beyond the aspects discussed in this review and hold promise for applications in diverse fundamental and applied plant sciences including conservation, cryopreservation, morphogenesis, industrial agriculture and natural health products.
35
Nevarez-Brewster, Melissa, Catherine Demers, Alexandra Mejia, Mercedes Hoeflich Hasse, Martin Styner, Maria Bagonis, SunHyung Kim, et al. "0128 Maternal Sleep Quality Across Pregnancy Predicts Newborn Neurodevelopment." Sleep 45, Supplement_1 (May 25, 2022): A57—A58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsac079.126.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Introduction The prenatal period is characterized by immense fetal neuronal growth. Such rapid growth can increase fetal susceptibility to prenatal environmental insults (Barker, 1998). A promising prenatal process that may alter fetal development is maternal prenatal sleep quality. Poor prenatal sleep quality is a public health concern affecting approximately 78% of pregnant individuals (Lucena et al., 2018). In rodents, maternal sleep deprivation across gestation predicts offspring hippocampal neurogenesis, with pups exposed to sleep deprivation early and late in pregnancy exhibiting more anxiety and depression-like behaviors (Peng et al., 2015). In humans, poor sleep quality in other developmental stages predicts hippocampi and amygdalae changes (Marshall & Born, 2007; Saghir et al., 2018). However, the relation between prenatal sleep quality and offspring brain development in humans remains poorly understood. The present study examined associations between maternal sleep quality in early, mid, and late pregnancy, and newborn hippocampal and amygdala volume, regions implicated in memory and emotion. Methods Pregnant individuals (N=94; Mage=30.5; SDage=5.3) reported on sleep quality three times during pregnancy. Newborn (Mageinweeks=5.1; SDageinweeks=2.7) hippocampi and amygdalae volumes were assessed during an unsedated sleep cycle using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Tissue segmentation was collected using a multiatlas iterative algorithm that individually segmented the regions of interest and subsequently combined T1- and T2-weighted high-resolution images (See neonate multiatlas at https://www.nitrc.org/projects/unc_brain_atlas/). Bivariate correlations examined the association between prenatal sleep quality and hippocampus and amygdala volume. Partial correlations examined these associations in the presence of significant cofounding variables including intracranial volume, body weight percentile, sex, and postconceptional age. Results Partial correlations revealed that poor maternal sleep quality early in pregnancy predicted larger newborn bilateral hippocampal volume (all rs<.25; ps<.038). Associations with sleep later in gestation persisted for the right hippocampus (all rs<.25; ps<.038). Prenatal maternal sleep quality did not significantly predict newborn amygdala volume (all rs<-.06; ps>.58). Conclusion This study provides novel evidence linking prenatal sleep quality and newborn hippocampal volume in humans, suggesting the presence of an intergenerational link between prenatal sleep health and offspring well-being. Support (If Any) Support (if any): NIMH R01MH109662, NHLBI R01HL155744, and diversity training supplement for 1st author; F32MH125572 for 2nd author.
36
Neikrug, A. B., S. Radom-Aizik, I. Y. Chen, A. Stehli, K. K. Lui, M. G. Chappel-Farley, A. N. Lim, B. A. Mander, and R. M. Benca. "0325 Better Aerobic Fitness is Associated with Distinct Sleep Characteristics in Children and Adolescents - A Pilot Study." Sleep 43, Supplement_1 (April 2020): A123—A124. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsaa056.322.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Introduction Aerobic fitness facilitates brain synaptic plasticity, which influences global and local sleep expression. While it is known that sleep patterns/behavior and non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep slow wave activity (SWA) tracks brain maturation, little is known about how aerobic fitness and sleep interact during growth and development in children and adolescents. The aim of this pilot study was to characterize relationships among aerobic fitness, measures of global/local sleep expression, and habitual sleep patterns in children and adolescents. We hypothesized that greater aerobic fitness would be associated with better sleep quality, indicated by increased SWA. Methods Twenty healthy youth (11-17 years-old, 11 female) were evaluated during summer vacation (no school schedule constraints). Aerobic fitness (VO2peak) was measured using ramp-type progressive cycle ergometry, habitual sleep (i.e., sleep-time consistency and circadian activity patterns) was assessed with 7-day actigraphy, and ad lib sleep was evaluated during overnight polysomnography (PSG) with high-density electroencephalography (hdEEG; 128 channels). Spectral analysis was implemented to quantify SWA (0.5-4.5Hz). Data were analyzed using linear regression analyses and exploratory independent samples t-tests. Results Negative correlations were observed between VO2peak and sleep measures including sleep-time consistency (partial r=-0.53, p=0.045) and timing/acrophase of the circadian activity rhythm (partial r=-0.64, p=0.01) while controlling for sex and age. Additionally, after accounting for Tanner stage and sex, data demonstrated significant effects in SWA at frontal derivations (p=0.024) between low and high fitness levels at topographically specific and meaningful EEG derivations, e.g. over frontal cortex. Conclusion These results suggest that children and adolescents with greater fitness have less variability in sleep-times (improved sleep consistency), tend to have a more advanced circadian activity phase (i.e., go to sleep earlier), and express greater frontal SWA, supporting the hypothesis that fitness is associated with improved local and global sleep quality. Future research with larger samples is necessary to further evaluate these relationships, and to determine if interventions that improve fitness also improve sleep and related brain plasticity. Support NCATS grant #UL1TR001414 & PERC Systems Biology Fund
37
Garcia-Molina, Gary, and Jiewei Jiang. "Interbeat interval-based sleep staging: work in progress toward real-time implementation." Physiological Measurement 43, no. 2 (February 28, 2022): 025004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6579/ac5a78.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Objective. Cardiac activity changes during sleep enable real-time sleep staging. We developed a deep neural network (DNN) to detect sleep stages using interbeat intervals (IBIs) extracted from electrocardiogram signals. Approach. Data from healthy and apnea subjects were used for training and validation; 2 additional datasets (healthy and sleep disorders subjects) were used for testing. R-peak detection was used to determine IBIs before resampling at 2 Hz; the resulting signal was segmented into 150 s windows (30 s shift). DNN output approximated the probabilities of a window belonging to light, deep, REM, or wake stages. Cohen’s Kappa, accuracy, and sensitivity/specificity per stage were determined, and Kappa was optimized using thresholds on probability ratios for each stage versus light sleep. Main results. Mean (SD) Kappa and accuracy for 4 sleep stages were 0.44 (0.09) and 0.65 (0.07), respectively, in healthy subjects. For 3 sleep stages (light+deep, REM, and wake), Kappa and accuracy were 0.52 (0.12) and 0.76 (0.07), respectively. Algorithm performance on data from subjects with REM behavior disorder or periodic limb movement disorder was significantly worse, with Kappa of 0.24 (0.09) and 0.36 (0.12), respectively. Average processing time by an ARM microprocessor for a 300-sample window was 19.2 ms. Significance. IBIs can be obtained from a variety of cardiac signals, including electrocardiogram, photoplethysmography, and ballistocardiography. The DNN algorithm presented is 3 orders of magnitude smaller compared with state-of-the-art algorithms and was developed to perform real-time, IBI-based sleep staging. With high specificity and moderate sensitivity for deep and REM sleep, small footprint, and causal processing, this algorithm may be used across different platforms to perform real-time sleep staging and direct intervention strategies. Novelty & Significance (92/100 words) This article describes the development and testing of a deep neural network-based algorithm to detect sleep stages using interbeat intervals, which can be obtained from a variety of cardiac signals including photoplethysmography, electrocardiogram, and ballistocardiography. Based on the interbeat intervals identified in electrocardiogram signals, the algorithm architecture included a group of convolution layers and a group of long short-term memory layers. With its small footprint, fast processing time, high specificity and good sensitivity for deep and REM sleep, this algorithm may provide a good option for real-time sleep staging to direct interventions.
38
Shen, Yuqi, Darlynn Rojo-Wissar, Katherine Duggan, Brant Hasler, and Adam Spira. "546 Association of personality traits with napping behaviors in older adults." Sleep 44, Supplement_2 (May 1, 2021): A215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsab072.544.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Introduction Greater neuroticism and lower conscientiousness are linked to poorer nighttime sleep among older adults, but little is known about the association between personality and daytime sleep. Napping increases in older adulthood, and napping has been linked to health outcomes, including cognitive impairment. Thus, it is important to extend personality and sleep research to investigate napping behavior. We examined the association between personality and napping in a nationally representative cohort of older adults. Methods We studied 742 adults aged ≥65 years from the National Health and Aging Trends Study (NHATS) who completed the sleep and personality modules in NHATS rounds 3 or 4 (2013–2014). Personality dimensions (neuroticism, extraversion, openness, agreeableness, conscientiousness) were assessed by the Midlife Development Inventory Personality Scales. Participants reported nap frequency over the past month (most days or everyday [nappers-frequent]; some days [nappers-infrequent]; rarely/never [non-nappers]); napping intention (intentional/unintentional); and average nap duration (coded as ≤40 minutes [short]; and >40 minutes [long], consistent with previous studies). Personality dimensions were included together in all models. Model 1 adjusted for age, sex, education, and BMI, and Model 2 further adjusted for anxiety and depression, comorbidities, sleep medications, and nighttime sleep duration. Only nappers were included in models with nap frequency, intention, or duration as outcomes (n=387). Results There were no personality differences between nappers and non-nappers. Among nappers, however, higher neuroticism was associated with lower odds of frequent naps (OR=0.73, 95% CI: 0.55,0.97), and higher agreeableness was associated with greater odds of unintentional napping (OR=1.95, 95% CI:1.12, 3.41) and lower odds of long nap duration (OR=0.54, 95% CI:0.33, 0.90) in Model 1. Associations remained in Model 2. Higher neuroticism was also associated with greater odds of long nap duration in Model 1 (OR=1.40, 95% CI:1.03, 1.91), but not after further adjustment in Model 2. Conclusion This is, to our knowledge, the first study examining the association between personality and daytime napping behaviors among a large sample of older adults, extending the literature on personality and nighttime sleep in this population. Because napping behaviors are associated with health outcomes, personality may be an important factor to consider in interventions addressing napping. Support (if any) NIH grant 5T32MH014592-39
39
Dooley, James, Greta Sokoloff, and Mark Blumberg. "0131 Theta oscillations during REM sleep synchronize behavior and neural activity in the developing motor system." Sleep 45, Supplement_1 (May 25, 2022): A59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsac079.129.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Introduction Myoclonic twitches are abundantly produced during REM sleep in skeletal muscles across the body. In infant rats, movements are produced by the red nucleus (RN), with the RN both sending motor commands and receiving sensory feedback from twitches. The RN’s role in producing twitches contrasts with that of primary motor cortex (M1), which does not generate motor commands at early postnatal ages. Instead, M1 functions as a sensory structure, processing sensory feedback from self-generated movements, including twitches. By postnatal day (P) 12, the RN (but not M1) also begins to exhibit a continuous theta rhythm (~6 Hz) during REM sleep that promotes sensorimotor integration with other brain areas. Given that the RN and M1 collaborate to control movement in adult rats, we hypothesized that theta emerges in M1 after P12, at which time theta synchronizes M1 and RN activity. Methods To determine if and when theta synchronizes activity in the RN and M1, we recorded local field potentials and unit activity in the RN and the forelimb region of M1 in unanesthetized preweanling rats at P12 and P20. Rats were head-fixed but were able to locomote and cycle freely between sleep and wake. Results Neurons in the RN and M1 continued to respond to twitches through P20. Further, as predicted, we observed the developmental emergence of REM-associated theta oscillations in M1 by P20 that were coherent with theta in the RN. Additionally, neural activity was phase-locked to theta; surprisingly, twitches were also phase-locked to theta, with twitches being more likely during the troughs of the oscillation. Finally, the temporal relationship between twitch-related activity in the two structures depended on the phase of theta, with twitch-related activity in M1 lagging behind twitch-related activity in the RN in the rising phase of theta. However, in the falling phase of theta, twitch-related activity in the RN and M1 showed similar time courses. Conclusion These results show how theta during REM sleep promotes the developmental integration of behavior with neural activity in the RN and M1. Because synchronous activity strengthens synaptic connectivity, and theta synchronized twitch-related activity in the RN and M1, these results also implicate twitches and twitch-related activity in the development of somatotopically precise functional connectivity between the RN and M1. Support (If Any) R37-HD081168 to M.S.B. and SRSF Career Development Award to J.C.D.
40
De Weerth, Carolina. "Prenatal stress and the development of psychopathology: Lifestyle behaviors as a fundamental part of the puzzle." Development and Psychopathology 30, no. 3 (August 2018): 1129–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579418000494.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractMaternal psychological stress, depression, and anxiety during pregnancy (prenatal stress; PNS) are thought to impact fetal development with long-term effects on offspring outcome. These effects would include physical and mental health, including psychopathology. Maternal sleep, diet, and exercise during pregnancy are lifestyle behaviors that are understudied and often solely included in PNS studies as confounders. However, there are indications that these lifestyle behaviors may actually constitute essential mediators between PNS and fetal programming processes. The goal of this theoretical review was to investigate this idea by looking at the evidence for associations between PNS and sleep, diet, and exercise, and by piecing together the information on potential underlying mechanisms and causal pathways through which these factors may affect the offspring. The analysis of the literature led to the conclusion that sleep, diet, and exercise during pregnancy, may have fundamental roles as mediators between PNS and maternal pregnancy physiology. By integrating these lifestyle behaviors into models of prenatal programming of development, a qualitatively higher and more comprehensive understanding of the prenatal origins of psychopathology can be obtained. The review finalizes by discussing some of the present challenges facing the field of PNS and offspring programming, and offering solutions for future research.
41
Young, Morag, Miss Monica Kanki, Artika Nath, Rodrigo Cãnovas, Peter Fuller, and Timothy Cole. "ODP146 Exploring Systemic Inflammation in the Relationships Between Poor Sleep Health or Shift-Work and Blood Pressure Across BMI, Sex and Age Groups." Journal of the Endocrine Society 6, Supplement_1 (November 1, 2022): A241—A242. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jendso/bvac150.496.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Circadian challenges such as social and travel jetlag, poor sleep health or undertaking shift-work is becoming increasingly linked to incidences of cardiovascular disease, metabolic syndrome and hypertension due to the impact of circadian disruption. Currently, studies that address how such challenges can become specific risk factors for the development of hypertension show inconsistent findings and the underlying pathophysiology is not well understood. Using a cross-sectional study approach, we investigate the associations between markers of circadian strain, including sleep length, sleep quality and shift-work, and blood pressure. Furthermore, we explore whether systemic inflammation could be a potential driving mechanism in these associations. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP, respectively) measurements collected from European White participants recruited under the UK Biobank cohort were compared between those who reported a short (≤5 hours and 6), normal (7 hours) or long (8 and ≥ 9 hours) sleep duration or a healthy (4-5), moderate (2-3) or poor (0-1) sleep quality score. Using logistic regression models, we tested the effect of adjusting for body mass index (BMI) and then further stratifying by key covariates, including BMI, sex and age. Similarly, these analyses were repeated to compare SBP and DBP between individuals who undertake different types of shift-work (day, mixed, night, permanent-night or no shift-work) at the time of recruitment. Participants who reported 7 hours of sleep or a healthy sleep quality score had the lowest mean blood pressure, ∼139/83 mmHg. A U-shape relationship was observed when plotting the beta-estimates (β) of the associations between each sleep length group and SBP or DBP. However, this U-shape is blunted following further adjusting for BMI and respective stratification revealed this relationship is driven by female participants with a BMI greater than 25 kg/m 2 . Moderate and poor sleep quality scores were positively associated with only DBP when BMI is adjusted for and across all BMI groups (≤25, 25-<30 and ≥30 kg/m 2, p<0. 05 is all instances) compared to healthy sleep quality scores. Shift-work was reported in 15.3% of this sample and of which, more males reported undertaking day-shift, mixed-shift, night-shift or permanent night-shift work than female participants. Mean SBP and DBP reported in all these shift-work types were higher than in non-shift workers. Exploratory data also suggests that some associations may be partly driven by inflammatory markers, such as C-reactive protein (CRP) levels and immune cell count. Taken together our data suggest that both inadequate or compromised sleep health or undertaking shift-work are associated with heightened blood pressure, which could be potentially driven by an inflammatory component. Establishing the adverse consequences of these circadian challenges on blood pressure can help understand how re-aligning our behaviour reduces blood pressure and thus, minimises the risk of developing hypertension. Presentation: No date and time listed
42
Plescia, Fulvio, Luigi Cirrincione, Daniela Martorana, Caterina Ledda, Venerando Rapisarda, Valentina Castelli, Francesco Martines, Denis Vinnikov, and Emanuele Cannizzaro. "Alcohol Abuse and Insomnia Disorder: Focus on a Group of Night and Day Workers." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 24 (December 14, 2021): 13196. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182413196.
Full textAbstract:
The sleep-wake cycle plays a fundamental role in maintaining the physiological balance of our body. Its alteration favours the genesis of several organic alterations and diseases including sleep disorders and the consumption of several substances of abuse. It has been reported that the work activity, especially that carried out during the night, is able to influence the sleep-wake cycle, promoting the development of insomnia, which, in turn, would subject the worker to a stressful condition such as to encourage adverse behaviour such as the use/abuse of psychotropic substances. Based on the above premises, the aim of our research was to evaluate, in night workers: (i) the pattern of consumption of alcoholic beverages; (ii) the presence of insomnia; and (iii) the possible correlation between alcohol consumption and insomnia disorder. We used the AUDIT-C test (the abbreviated version of the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test) and the Insomnia Severity Index to assess alcohol consumption and insomnia disorder, respectively. All questionnaires were completed by workers of both sexes belonging to different types of work activities, exclusively day or night. The results of our research show a higher propensity of night workers to consume alcoholic beverages than those who work during daytime hours, often in binge-drinking mode. In addition, an increase in the amount of alcohol consumed was found to be related to insomnia disorder, especially in night workers. This study provides further awareness of the importance of the negative impact of alcohol consumption on sleep quality in night workers.
43
Shuboni-Mulligan, Dorela, Demarrius Young Jr., Julianie De La Cruz Minyety, Nicole Briceno, Amanda King, Mark Gilbert, DeeDee Smart, and Terri Armstrong. "NCOG-41. HISTOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF SLEEP AND CIRCADIAN BRAIN CIRCUITRY IN CRANIAL RADIATION-INDUCED HYPERSOMNOLENCE (C-RIH) MOUSE MODEL." Neuro-Oncology 23, Supplement_6 (November 2, 2021): vi161. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/noab196.631.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract BACKGROUND Disrupted sleep, including daytime hypersomnolence, is a core symptom reported by primary brain tumor patients and often manifests after radiotherapy. The biological mechanisms driving cranial radiation-induced hypersomnolence (C-RIH) remain unclear but we hypothesize this may result from damage to neural circuits controlling sleep behavior. We developed a mouse model of C-RIH to explore the impact of radiation on the brain: examining region-specific differences in acute DNA damage response and neuroanatomic structure. METHODS Mice received whole brain radiation then behaviors were monitored using PhenoTyper® cages to determine optimal dose and long-term effects. To test short-term neurologic effects, brains were collected 1hr post-radiation then stained for γH2AX, a signal for DNA damage. Long-term effects were quantified 1-month post-treatment using neuroimaging to determine brain volume and T1 mapping changes in regions associated with sleep, circadian rhythms, and cognition. RESULTS Mice displayed decreased general activity and increased daytime sleep in a dose-dependent and sustained manner. Histologic staining demonstrated that DNA damage following radiation varies across the brain, with homeostatic sleep regions and cognitive regions expressing higher levels of γH2AX than the circadian suprachiasmatic nucleus. These findings were supported by in vitro studies comparing radiation effects in SCN and cortical astrocytes using both trypan blue (F(1,18)=235.937, p< 0.001) and clonogenic assays (F(1,24)=40.796, < 0.001). Brain volumes were significantly smaller in irradiated than sham animals in the hippocampus (t(4)=3.833, p=0.019) and the pontine central grey (t(4)=3.504, p=0.025). T1 maps also showed significant changes in relaxation times in many cognitive regions but not sleep or circadian areas. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that the homeostatic sleep region and cognitive circuits are vulnerable to radiation and may be relevant to the development of treatment plans in patients. We plan to introduce intracranial tumor to the model to evaluate the impact of timing of treatment and C-RIH on survival.
44
Keswara, Umi Romayati, Novrita Syuhada, and Wahid Tri Wahyudi. "Perilaku penggunaan gadget dengan kualitas tidur pada remaja." Holistik Jurnal Kesehatan 13, no. 3 (October 13, 2019): 233–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.33024/hjk.v13i3.1599.
Full textAbstract:
Electronic gadgets, psychological behavior and quality of sleep among adolescent Background: In the development stage, adolescents are faced with problems of health problems including poor sleep quality. Globally, the prevalence of sleep quality disorders in the world varies from 15.3% to 39.2%. Data in Indonesia shows that most of the quality of sleep in adolescents is less than 63%. Poor quality of sleep can harm health. Factors that can cause poor sleep quality include the use of gadgets, where 80% say using gadgets> 4 hours 17 minutes a day.Purpose: Known the electronic gadgets, psychological behavior and quality of sleep among adolescent.Methods: The type of research used in this study was quantitative. The design of this study used analytics. The research subjects were class X and XI students at SMKN 1 Terbanggi Besar, Central Lampung, totaling 119 people. Collect data with the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) questionnaire and Smartphone Addiction Scale (SAS). The statistical test uses the chi-square test.Results: Univariate analysis was obtained by the majority of respondents who had bad behavior in using gadgets, as many as 68 people (57.1%) and most respondents had poor sleep quality, as many as 77 people (64.7%). Analysis data resulted p-value = 0,000 and OR = 4,696.Conclusion: There were the electronic gadgets, psychological behavior and quality of sleep among adolescent. The advice is to increase health promotion counseling about sleep patterns and the excessive use of gadgets, and for schools to set regulations on the ban on the use of gadgets in-class hours. Keywords : Quality of Sleep, Gadgets, Adolescent; Psychological; BehaviorPendahuluan: Dalam tahap perkembangannya, remaja dihadapkan pada masalah-masalah kesehatan diantaranya kualitas tidur yang buruk. Secara global menunjukkkan prevalensi gangguan kualitas tidur di dunia bervariasi mulai 15,3% - 39,2%. Data di Indonesia menunjukan sebagian besar kualitas tidur pada remaja kurang terpenuhi yaitu sebanyak 63%. Buruknya kualitas tidur dapat menimbulkan dampak negatif bagi kesehatan. Faktor yang dapat menyebabkan kualitas tidur yang buruk diantaranya adalah penggunaan gadget, dimana 80% menyatakan meggunakan gadget > 4 jam 17 menit dalam sehari.Tujuan: Diketahui hubungan perilaku penggunaan gadget dengan kualitas tidur pada remaja.Metode: Jenis penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kuantitatif dengan rancangan menggunakan analitik. Subyek penelitian yaitu siswa kelas X dan XI di SMKN 1 Terbanggi Besar Lampung Tengah, yang berjumlah 119 responden. Cara pengambilan data dengan kuesioner Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Indeks (PSQI) dan Smartphone Addiction Scale (SAS). Uji stastistik menggunakan uji chi-square.Hasil: Sebagian besar responden memiliki perilaku penggunaan gadget yang tidak baik, yaitu sebanyak 68 orang (57,1%) dan sebagian besar responden memiliki kualitas tidur yang buruk, yaitu sebanyak 77 orang (64,7%). Hasil uji statistik diperoleh p-value = 0,000 dan OR= 4,696.Simpulan: Ada hubungan perilaku penggunaan gadget dengan kualitas tidur pada remaja. Perlu lebih ditingkatkannya promosi kesehatan konseling tentang pola tidur dan dampak penggunaan gadget secara berlebihan, serta bagi pihak sekolah dapat menetapkan peraturan tentang larangan penggunaan gadget di jam pelajaran.
45
Tajane, Isha Akulwar, Palak H. Naik, Kashish K. Parmar, and Ayushi V. Shah. "Impact of Excessive Screen Time and the Mediating Effect of Physical Exercise on Sleep in Physiotherapy Students During Covid-19." Sumerianz Journal of Medical and Healthcare, no. 43 (August 25, 2021): 149–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.47752/sjmh.43.149.159.
Full textAbstract:
Aim: The science of today is the technology of tomorrow. The 21st century has witnessed a great development in the field of technology. Whether we love it or loathe it, technology affects everything we do today and influences almost everything we plan for our tomorrow. It has advanced everywhere making people access various types of devices. Sleep is fundamental to optimal functioning including health and behavior. This paper describes the interrelations between sleep and screen use. The purpose of this study was to identify technology use hence exploring the screen time of the individual and its impact on sleep and the mediating effect of physical exercise. Method: A representative sample of 150 Physiotherapy students was surveyed using an online questionnaire to analyze their technology use and sleep patterns. Results: A total number of 150 completed forms were analyzed. 94.7% students screen time use had increased during the lockdown. 43.3% of student participants spent more than 6 hours on digital devices on a daily basis. 73.3% of the population agreed that screen time did affect their sleeping pattern in the lockdown. 64% students encountered sleeping problems. 52% people admitted that excessive screen use has affected their sleep quality. 65.3% of the students have been taking part in physical exercises regularly, out of which 65.27 % reported decreased sleeping complaints. Conclusion: This study shows that use of screen based digital devices and media use has significantly increased during COVID-19 pandemic lock down in Physiotherapy students and provides scientific evidence for its negative impact on sleep. Physical exercises were associated with a positive effect on sleep disorders.
46
Leichman, Erin, Katie Rotella, and Jodi Mindell. "0509 Behavioral Topography of Bedtime Resistance in Younger and Older Toddlers." Sleep 45, Supplement_1 (May 25, 2022): A225. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsac079.506.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Introduction Sleep issues in young children are common, however little is known about bedtime resistance across development in toddlers. Thus, the aims of this study were to (1) assess the prevalence of bedtime resistance in younger and older toddlers and (2) examine differences in behavioral topography across groups. Methods 318 mothers of toddlers (12-36 mos; M =23.1 mos) completed an online questionnaire addressing bedtime resistance, as well as the Brief Infant Sleep Questionnaire–Revised (BISQ-R). The sample included both younger (n=162, 12-23mos) and older (n=156, 24-36mos) toddlers. Results Overall, 61.3% endorsed bedtime stalling/fighting/resisting, with no age difference (57.4% younger vs 65.4% older), p > .05. Bedtime resistance commonly occurred after lights out (60% of those who resisted). Resistance also occurred during the bedtime routine (55.9%) and with announcement of bedtime (36.9%). Older toddlers were more likely to resist at announcement of bedtime (51.0% vs. 21.5%, p< .001), with no other age differences for resistance timing. Of the 21 resistant behaviors assessed, younger toddlers were most likely to cry/tantrum (68.8% vs 48.0%) and climb (or attempt) out of the crib (28.0% vs 12.7%), p < .01. Older toddlers were more likely to engage in 16 behaviors, including these most common: wanting a snack/drink (19.4% vs. 57.8%), adult to hug/snuggle/lie down (23.7% vs 53.9%), more time doing a bedtime activity (19.4% vs 49.0%), or a specific item (19.4% vs. 46.1%), getting out of bed (25.8% vs 46.1%), or watching electronics (24.7% vs 42.2%), p < .01. Conclusion Most mothers (61%) reported that their toddler resisted in some way at bedtime. No differences in the prevalence of bedtime resistance were found between younger and older toddlers, however the behavioral presentation of resistance differed. Whereas younger toddlers were more likely to cry and attempt climbing out of the crib, older toddlers were more likely to make specific verbal requests and requesting specific activities. These differences likely stem from developing language, motor, and cognitive skills. Ways to help caregivers manage these common bedtime behaviors need to be age and developmentally-based, aligning with presenting behavioral difficulties. Support (If Any) Johnson & Johnson Consumer Inc., Skillman, NJ, USA
47
Dashti, H. S., I. Daghlas, J. Lane, M. Udler, M. Garaulet, and R. Saxena. "0016 Genetic Basis of Daytime Napping and Consequence on Cardiometabolic Health." Sleep 43, Supplement_1 (April 2020): A7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsaa056.015.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Introduction Although daytime napping is a common, evolutionarily conserved behavior, its genetic basis is unknown. Elucidating its genetic basis may clarify relevant underlying biological pathways and determine causal links with cardiometabolic health. Methods We performed a genome-wide association study of self-reported daytime napping using linear regression in adults of European ancestry in the UK Biobank (n=452,633) and assessed robustness of signals with accelerometer-derived daytime inactivity duration (n=84,671). Next, we conducted a phenome-wide association study in a hospital-based clinical biobank (n=30,683) using napping genome-wide polygenic score (GPS), and Mendelian randomization (MR) with cardiometabolic traits. To deconstruct the napping genetic variants, we applied a novel “soft clustering” Bayesian nonnegative matrix factorization method and generated partitioned cluster-specific polygenic risk scores (PRS). Results We identified 121 distinct genome-wide significant loci for daytime napping, with lead signals at or near genes KSR2 (kinase-suppressor of ras 2), HCRTR1/HCRTR2 (hypocretin-receptor 1/2), SKOR2 (SKI family transcriptional-corepressor 2), and MAPT (microtubule-associated protein tau), among others. The loci associated with accelerometer-derived daytime inactivity duration. Gene enrichment analyses pointed to pathways involved in neurogenesis and others including nervous system development and opioid signaling. Genetic overlaps were evident in a clinical biobank where highest, compared to lowest, decile of napping GPS associated with 30%, 40%, and 50% higher odds for essential hypertension, obesity, and nonalcoholic liver disease, respectively (P<0.0001). In MR, potential causal links were identified with higher diastolic blood pressure (2.67 mmHg per napping category-increase, 95% CI 1.62–3.23, P=6.80e-07), systolic blood pressure (3.65mmHg, 1.86–5.44, P=6.40e-05), and waist circumference (0.28 SD-units, 0.11–0.45, P=0.0015). The clustering of variants identified 3 robust clusters (cluster-1: “higher sleep propensity”; cluster-2: “more fragmented/inefficient night sleep”; cluster-3: “early sleep timing”). Only clusters 2 and 3 PRSs were associated with worse cardiometabolic health outcomes, including higher BMI, waist circumference, CRP, and triglycerides (all P<0.05). Conclusion These findings expand our understanding of the genetic architecture of napping implicating multiple biological pathways, indicating possible genetic overlap and causal links to cardiometabolic traits, and suggesting distinct nap-promoting mechanisms with differential associations with health outcomes. Support This work is supported by grants NIH-F32DK102323, NIH-4T32HL007901, NIH-R01DK107859, NIH-R35HL135818, and MGH Research Scholar Fund.
48
Nabaweesi, Rosemary, Mary Aitken, Keneshia Bryant-Moore, and Geoffrey M. Curran. "2006 Formative evaluation and adaptation of a safe sleep intervention for infants in rural underserved communities." Journal of Clinical and Translational Science 2, S1 (June 2018): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cts.2018.76.
Full textAbstract:
OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: This abstract describes a recently-funded 2 year study that aims to: (1) explore the community advisors’ perspectives of the safe sleep intervention’s acceptability, feasibility, and adaptability using focus groups and key informant interviews. (2) Adapt the selected safe sleep interventions (SSI) and identify promising implementation strategies to support it through an evidence-based quality improvement process with a multistakeholder group. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Background sudden unexpected infant death (SUID) is the leading cause of post-neonatal infant death in the United States. Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), accidental suffocation and strangulation in bed account for over 50% of SUID, leading to recommendations for supine sleep position and safer sleep environments for infants. However, despite significant reductions in SIDS after “back to sleep” and “safe to sleep” campaigns, significant racial and urban-rural disparities persist. In 2015, the rural-urban crude death rate ratio was 4:1 and Black infants are twice as likely to die from SUID as White infants. Adherence to safe sleep recommendations is highly variable and a number of hospital and community-based interventions have been suggested to improve knowledge and change parent behavior. Hospital programs to promote safe sleep education and policies may serve to educate families about safe sleep, but may not be uniformly available in rural and underserved areas. The AAP evidence-based safe sleep guidelines have demonstrated reductions in SIDS and SUID when child caregivers adhere to them. Community-based SSI, including safety baby showers, promote safe sleep practices, but barriers may exist for participation, especially in rural areas. Partnering with community groups serving a high risk area, we will explore the barriers and facilitators to more widespread safety baby shower (SBS) delivery/adoption in rural underserved communities (RUC). Observation of the evidence-based SBS as it is currently delivered, focus groups and key informant interviews will be conducted with program leaders and participants. Based on this knowledge and using an evidence-based development process, we will adapt the SBS and identify implementation strategies to support its uptake in RUC. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: We expect to develop a modified safe sleep intervention that reaches more expectant and new mothers is more efficient at delivering safe sleep guidelines to rural community members and can be more readily adopted and implemented by RUC. Supporting implementation strategies will be identified during the formative evaluation. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: Developing a safe sleep intervention adapted for the local context through a collective decision-making process between intervention experts and local community advisors will potentially improve safe sleep guideline delivery and adherence in RUC. The next study will pilot test the effectiveness of the adapted safe sleep intervention with identified supporting implementation strategies.
49
Wong, Keri Ka-Yee, and Adrian Raine. "Nutrition, Sleep, and Exercise as Healthy Behaviors in Schizotypy: A Scoping Review." Behavioral Sciences 12, no. 11 (October 26, 2022): 412. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bs12110412.
Full textAbstract:
This scoping review identifies the role of nutrition, sleep, and exercise as healthy behaviors in non-clinical individuals with schizotypy throughout the lifespan. Methods: We systematically reviewed the existing literature on these topics through databases including: PsycINFO, Scopus, APA PsycNet, ScienceDirect, Wiley Online Library, and SpringerLink. Results: Of the 59 studies found, a total of 29 studies met the inclusion criteria on the review topic. Included studies reflect varying study designs (cross-sectional, multiple time-point, intervention, randomized-placebo controlled trials), assessment of schizotypy and associated healthy behaviors, focus on various samples and lifespan (e.g., undergraduates, adolescents, at-risk individuals), and stem from different countries. Conclusion: While a moderate number of studies address the role of nutrition, sleep, and physical exercise in relation to schizotypy, studies intersecting these topics are limited. Of the limited studies that do exist, the majority are correlational with the beginnings of causal support from intervention studies. As such, more research is needed on the topics of nutrition, sleep, and exercise in relation to schizotypy. Specifically, future research should focus on providing a more holistic understanding of schizotypal traits and its subtypes, and which specific or combination of behaviors may reduce levels of schizotypy.
50
Hammad, Grégory, Mathilde Reyt, Nikita Beliy, Marion Baillet, Michele Deantoni, Alexia Lesoinne, Vincenzo Muto, and Christina Schmidt. "pyActigraphy: Open-source python package for actigraphy data visualization and analysis." PLOS Computational Biology 17, no. 10 (October 19, 2021): e1009514. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009514.
Full textAbstract:
Over the past 40 years, actigraphy has been used to study rest-activity patterns in circadian rhythm and sleep research. Furthermore, considering its simplicity of use, there is a growing interest in the analysis of large population-based samples, using actigraphy. Here, we introduce pyActigraphy, a comprehensive toolbox for data visualization and analysis including multiple sleep detection algorithms and rest-activity rhythm variables. This open-source python package implements methods to read multiple data formats, quantify various properties of rest-activity rhythms, visualize sleep agendas, automatically detect rest periods and perform more advanced signal processing analyses. The development of this package aims to pave the way towards the establishment of a comprehensive open-source software suite, supported by a community of both developers and researchers, that would provide all the necessary tools for in-depth and large scale actigraphy data analyses.