Academic literature on the topic 'Sleep (including sleep behaviour and development)'
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Journal articles on the topic "Sleep (including sleep behaviour and development)"
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Ross, Robert, Jean-Philippe Chaput, Lora M. Giangregorio, Ian Janssen, Travis J. Saunders, Michelle E. Kho, Veronica J. Poitras, et al. "Canadian 24-Hour Movement Guidelines for Adults aged 18–64 years and Adults aged 65 years or older: an integration of physical activity, sedentary behaviour, and sleep." Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism 45, no. 10 (Suppl. 2) (October 2020): S57—S102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/apnm-2020-0467.
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The Canadian Society for Exercise Physiology assembled a Consensus Panel representing national organizations, content experts, methodologists, stakeholders, and end-users and followed an established guideline development procedure to create the Canadian 24-Hour Movement Guidelines for Adults aged 18–64 years and Adults aged 65 years or older: An Integration of Physical Activity, Sedentary Behaviour, and Sleep. These guidelines underscore the importance of movement behaviours across the whole 24-h day. The development process followed the strategy outlined in the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation (AGREE) II instrument. A large body of evidence was used to inform the guidelines including 2 de novo systematic reviews and 4 overviews of reviews examining the relationships among movement behaviours (physical activity, sedentary behaviour, sleep, and all behaviours together) and several health outcomes. Draft guideline recommendations were discussed at a 4-day in-person Consensus Panel meeting. Feedback from stakeholders was obtained by survey (n = 877) and the draft guidelines were revised accordingly. The final guidelines provide evidence-based recommendations for a healthy day (24-h), comprising a combination of sleep, sedentary behaviours, and light-intensity and moderate-to-vigorous-intensity physical activity. Dissemination and implementation efforts with corresponding evaluation plans are in place to help ensure that guideline awareness and use are optimized. Novelty First ever 24-Hour Movement Guidelines for Adults aged 18–64 years and Adults aged 65 years or older with consideration of a balanced approach to physical activity, sedentary behaviour, and sleep Finalizes the suite of 24-Hour Movement Guidelines for Canadians across the lifespan
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Tyan, J. L., M. I. Sotelo, C. M. Markunas, J. G. Morrow, and A. Eban-Rothschild. "0211 Sleep-Preparatory Behaviors Modulate Sleep Physiology in Mice." Sleep 43, Supplement_1 (April 2020): A82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsaa056.209.
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Abstract Introduction Prior to sleep, animals perform various sleep-preparatory behaviors, yet little is known about their contribution to sleep physiology. Sleep hygiene, which involves proper sleep preparation, is an effective treatment for insomnia in humans. The high prevalence of sleep disorders and drawbacks of available pharmacological interventions necessitate a better understanding of the ecological and evolutionary contexts of sleep. Nest-building is a sleep-preparatory behavior performed by many species. In this study, we aimed to determine whether the presence of a nest modulates sleep. Specifically, we investigated the effects of a nest on sleep/wake architecture and activity in wake-promoting neurons in mice. Methods To examine the role of nesting in sleep/wake architecture, we recorded EEG/EMG activity over 24 hrs (n=14, 7 males and 7 females) in the presence/absence of a nest. To determine whether the lack of a nest activates wake-promoting neurons, we utilized TRAP (targeted recombination in active populations) technology to label neurons activated by nest removal (n=4 mice per experimental group). Results Mice without nests exhibited increased latencies to NREM and REM sleep and spent less time asleep during the inactive/light phase. Mice without nests also exhibited shorter episodes of NREM and REM sleep and more transitions between arousal states. Additionally, our preliminary results suggest that nest removal significantly increases population activity in multiple brain regions, including several cortical and thalamic regions. Conclusion Our findings support the hypothesis that the presence of a nest facilitates and consolidates sleep. The causal role of specific neuronal populations in sleep fragmentation in the absence of a nest remains to be elucidated. Taken together, our findings provide the first evidence for a role of sleep-preparatory behaviors in the facilitation and consolidation of sleep and could shape the development of novel treatments for sleep disorders. Support This work is supported by the Sloan Alfred P. Foundation, the Brain and Behavior Research Foundation, and the Eisenberg Translational Research Award.
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Mineyko, Aleksandra, Wei Qi, Helen L. Carlson, Luis Bello-Espinosa, Brian L. Brooks, and Adam Kirton. "Neuropsychological Outcome in Perinatal Stroke Associated With Epileptiform Discharges in Sleep." Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques 44, no. 4 (March 8, 2017): 358–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cjn.2017.29.
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AbstractBackground: Patients with arterial perinatal stroke often suffer long-term motor sequelae, difficulties in language, social development, and behaviour as well as epilepsy. Despite homogeneous lesions, long-term behavioural and cognitive outcomes are variable and unpredictable. Sleep-related epileptic encephalopathies can occur after early brain injury and are associated with global developmental delays. We hypothesized that sleep-potentiated epileptiform abnormalities are associated with worse developmental outcomes after perinatal stroke. Methods: Participants were identified from a population-based cohort (Alberta Perinatal Stroke Project). Inclusion criteria were magnetic resonance imaging–confirmed arterial perinatal stroke, age 4 to 18 years, electroencephalogram (EEG) including sleep, and comprehensive neuropsychological evaluation. Sleep-related EEG abnormalities were categorized by an epileptologist blinded to the cognitive outcome. Associations between EEG classification and neuropsychological outcomes were explored (t tests, Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons). Results:Of 128 potentially eligible participants, 34 (53% female) had complete EEG (mean age, 8.1 years; range, 0.2-16.4) and neuropsychology testing (mean age, 9.8 years; range 4.4-16.7). Twelve (35%) were classified as having electrical status epilepticus in sleep. Patients with abnormal EEGs were more likely to have statistically worse scores when corrected for multiple comparisons, in receptive language (median, 1st percentile; IQR 1-7th percentile; p<0.05), and externalizing behaviours (median, 82nd percentile; IQR, 79-97th percentile; p<0.05). Conclusions: Developmental outcome in language and behaviour in children with arterial perinatal stroke is associated with electrical status epilepticus in sleep. Increased screening with sleep EEG is suggested, whereas further studies are necessary to determine if treatment of EEG abnormalities can improve outcome.
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Jones, Carolyn, Randall Olson, Alex Chau, Peyton Wickham, Ryan Leriche, Christina Reynolds, Cynthia Moore, et al. "025 Sleep Disruption on an Orbital Shaker alters Glutamate in Prairie Vole Prefrontal Cortex." Sleep 44, Supplement_2 (May 1, 2021): A11—A12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsab072.024.
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Abstract Introduction Glutamate concentrations in the cortex fluctuate with the sleep wake cycle in both rodents and humans. Altered glutamatergic signaling, as well as the early life onset of sleep disturbances have been implicated in neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism spectrum disorder. In order to study how sleep modulates glutamate activity in brain regions relevant to social behavior and development, we disrupted sleep in the socially monogamous prairie vole (Microtus ochrogaster) rodent species and quantified markers of glutamate neurotransmission within the prefrontal cortex, an area of the brain responsible for advanced cognition and complex social behaviors. Methods Male and female prairie voles were sleep disrupted using an orbital shaker to deliver automated gentle cage agitation at continuous intervals. Sleep was measured using EEG/EMG signals and paired with real time glutamate concentrations in the prefrontal cortex using an amperometric glutamate biosensor. This same method of sleep disruption was applied early in development (postnatal days 14–21) and the long term effects on brain development were quantified by examining glutamatergic synapses in adulthood. Results Consistent with previous research in rats, glutamate concentration in the prefrontal cortex increased during periods of wake in the prairie vole. Sleep disruption using the orbital shaker method resulted in brief cortical arousals and reduced time in REM sleep. When applied during development, early life sleep disruption resulted in long-term changes in both pre- and post-synaptic components of glutamatergic synapses in the prairie vole prefrontal cortex including increased density of immature spines. Conclusion In the prairie vole rodent model, sleep disruption on an orbital shaker produces a sleep, behavioral, and neurological phenotype that mirrors aspects of autism spectrum disorder including altered features of excitatory neurotransmission within the prefrontal cortex. Studies using this method of sleep disruption combined with real time biosensors for excitatory neurotransmitters will enhance our understanding of modifiable risk factors, such as sleep, that contribute to the altered development of glutamatergic synapses in the brain and their relationship to social behavior. Support (if any) NSF #1926818, VA CDA #IK2 BX002712, Portland VA Research Foundation, NIH NHLBI 5T32HL083808-10, VA Merit Review #I01BX001643
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Kanaya, Hiroyuki J., Sungeon Park, Ji-hyung Kim, Junko Kusumi, Sofian Krenenou, Etsuko Sawatari, Aya Sato, et al. "A sleep-like state in Hydra unravels conserved sleep mechanisms during the evolutionary development of the central nervous system." Science Advances 6, no. 41 (October 2020): eabb9415. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abb9415.
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Sleep behaviors are observed even in nematodes and arthropods, yet little is known about how sleep-regulatory mechanisms have emerged during evolution. Here, we report a sleep-like state in the cnidarian Hydra vulgaris with a primitive nervous organization. Hydra sleep was shaped by homeostasis and necessary for cell proliferation, but it lacked free-running circadian rhythms. Instead, we detected 4-hour rhythms that might be generated by ultradian oscillators underlying Hydra sleep. Microarray analysis in sleep-deprived Hydra revealed sleep-dependent expression of 212 genes, including cGMP-dependent protein kinase 1 (PRKG1) and ornithine aminotransferase. Sleep-promoting effects of melatonin, GABA, and PRKG1 were conserved in Hydra. However, arousing dopamine unexpectedly induced Hydra sleep. Opposing effects of ornithine metabolism on sleep were also evident between Hydra and Drosophila, suggesting the evolutionary switch of their sleep-regulatory functions. Thus, sleep-relevant physiology and sleep-regulatory components may have already been acquired at molecular levels in a brain-less metazoan phylum and reprogrammed accordingly.
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Donovan, E. K., and J. M. Dzierzewski. "0182 The Sleep Regularity Questionnaire: Development and Preliminary Psychometric Properties." Sleep 43, Supplement_1 (April 2020): A72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsaa056.180.
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Abstract Introduction Sleep is a critically important behavior which influences diverse aspects of health, functioning, and longevity. An increasing literature suggests the importance of sleep regularity, also referred to as sleep inconsistency, sleep variability, or intraindividual variability in sleep. Given there is no brief, subjective measure of sleep regularity, the purpose of this study was to examine the psychometric properties of an in-development, ten-item Sleep Regularity Questionnaire (SRQ). Methods In an online study of sleep and health, participants (n = 3284; Mage (SD)= 42.74(16.72); 47.8% female; 77.1% white) completed the in-development SRQ, as well as other sleep-related measures including the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Results An exploratory factor analysis on a random half of the sample revealed a two factor structure, with four items representing “circadian regularity” and two items representing “sleep disturbance regularity.” A confirmatory factor analysis on the other random half of the sample fit the two factor model with good model fit indices (X2 = 50.9, df = 7, p < .001; RMSEA = .06; CFI= .99; NFI = .99; IFI = .99; TLI = .98). The SRQ was negatively associated with poor sleep quality measured via the PSQI (r = -.37, p < .001) and negatively associated with insomnia severity measured via the ISI (r = -.40, p < .001). Conclusion The SRQ appears to be a valid instrument for the assessment of sleep regularity in adults that is related to, but distinct from, other established sleep constructs. Future research will benefit from examining test-retest reliability of the measure as well as assessing the validity of the SRQ as a measure of objective sleep regularity by comparing it to conventional diary, actigraphy, and/or polysomnography methods of sleep assessment. Support This work was supported by the National Institute on Aging of the National Institutes of Health under Award Number K23AG049955 (PI: Dzierzewski). The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health.
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Bisson, Alycia Sullivan, Susan Redline, and Shaun Purcell. "Linking Sleep and Racial Health Disparities: Characterizing Sleep in the National Sleep Research Resource." Innovation in Aging 5, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2021): 627. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igab046.2389.
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Abstract To address the problem of racial health disparities, prior work has studied differences in environmentally-influenced and modifiable health behaviors, like nutrition and physical activity. Mounting evidence suggests that sleep plays a key role in health, including cardiometabolic and neurodegenerative disease. Thus, studies have begun to characterize sleep differences across racial groups. We aimed to better quantify differences in objective sleep that may contribute to racial health disparities. In preliminary analyses, we examined whole-night polysomnography from 728 individuals between the ages of 7 and 86 (M: 41.39, SD: 19.39) in the diverse Cleveland Family Study (45% males, 57% African Americans; AAs). Linear models examined racial differences in a battery of sleep metrics and tested interactions with age. Microarchitecture metrics included NREM spindle and slow oscillations, important to cognitive-aging and cardiometabolic health. AAs spent relatively more time in lighter N2 (b= 0.295, p<.001) and less time in deeper N3 (b= -0.364, p<.001) sleep. AAs also had lower NREM spectral power across multiple frequency bands (p<.001), and reductions in spindle characteristics including amplitude (b = -0.537, p<.001) and density (b = -0.341, p<.001). Metrics showed qualitatively different patterns of interaction with age: e.g., racial differences in N3 duration increased with age, and differences in spindle amplitude decreased with age (interactions p<.001), despite marked age-related reductions across all individuals. This work may help to identify specific modifiable aspects of sleep as targets for ameliorating health disparities. Patterns of racial differences over the lifecourse may illuminate different mechanisms being active at different points in development.
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Dahl, Ronald E. "The regulation of sleep and arousal: Development and psychopathology." Development and Psychopathology 8, no. 1 (1996): 3–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579400006945.
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AbstractThroughout early development, a child spends more time asleep than in any waking activity. Yet, the specific role of sleep in brain maturation is a complete mystery. In this article, the developmental psychobiology of sleep regulation is conceptualized within the context of close links to the control of arousal, affect, and attention. The interactions among these systems are considered from an ontogenetic and evolutionary biological perspective. A model is proposed for the development of sleep and arousal regulation with the following major tenets:1. Sleep and vigilance represent opponent processes in a larger system of arousal regulation.2. The regulation of sleep, arousal, affect, and attention overlap in physiological, neuroanatomical, clinical, and developmental domains.3. Complex interactions among these regulatory systems are modulated and integrated in regions of the prefrontal cortex (PFC).4. Changes at the level of PFC underlie maturational shifts in the relative balance across these regulatory systems (such as decreases in the depth/length of sleep and increased capacity for vigilance and attention), which occur with normal development.5. The effects of sleep deprivation (including alterations in attention, emotions, and goal-directed behaviors) also involve changes at the level of PFC integration across regulatory systems.This model is then discussed in the context of developmental pathology in the control of affect and attention, with an emphasis on sleep changes in depression.
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Bailey, Grace A., Emily K. Hubbard, Alfonso Fasano, Marina AJ Tijssen, Timothy Lynch, Kirstie N. Anderson, and Kathryn J. Peall. "Sleep disturbance in movement disorders: insights, treatments and challenges." Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry 92, no. 7 (March 19, 2021): 723–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jnnp-2020-325546.
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Sleep and circadian rhythm disturbances are central features of many movement disorders, exacerbating motor and non-motor symptoms and impairing quality of life. Understanding these disturbances to sleep is clinically important and may further our understanding of the underlying movement disorder. This review evaluates the current anatomical and neurochemical understanding of normal sleep and the recognised primary sleep disorders. In addition, we undertook a systematic review of the evidence for disruption to sleep across multiple movement disorders. Rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder has emerged as the most reliable prodromal biomarker for the alpha synucleinopathies, including Parkinson’s disease and multiple system atrophy, often preceding motor symptom onset by several years. Abnormal sleep has also been described for many other movement disorders, but further evidence is needed to determine whether this is a primary or secondary phenotypic component of the underlying condition. Medication used in the treatment of motor symptoms also affects sleep and can aggravate or cause certain sleep disorders. Within the context of movement disorders, there is also some suggestion of a shared underlying mechanism for motor and sleep pathophysiology, with evidence implicating thalamic and brainstem structures and monoaminergic neurotransmission. This review highlights the need for an understanding of normal and abnormal sleep within the movement disorder clinic, an ability to screen for specific causes of poor sleep and to treat sleep disturbance to improve quality of life. Key sleep disorders also act as important biomarkers and have implications in diagnosis, prognosis and the development of future therapies.
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Crowther, M., S. Ferguson, C. Gupta, and A. Reynolds. "P032 The Health Belief Model for Shift Workers Scale: The development and validation of a novel metric for use in shift working populations." SLEEP Advances 3, Supplement_1 (October 1, 2022): A41—A42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleepadvances/zpac029.105.
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Abstract Introduction Shift work is associated with circadian misalignment, sleep loss and suboptimal health behaviours, which may contribute to longer term negative health outcomes. interventions based on behavioural models may improve health behaviours in shift workers. To implement and evaluate these interventions, a validated metric based on behavioural theory specifically for use with shift workers would be beneficial. The present study aimed to develop and evaluate the Health Belief Model for Shift Workers (HBM-SW) scale. Methods The HBM-SW development involved a seven-step process, including a literature review, expert panel analysis, cognitive interviews with shift workers, and administration to pilot sample of shift workers (n=153). Validation of the HBM-SW was compared to Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, International Physical Activity Questionnaire and Food Frequency Questionnaire. Results Utilising exploratory factor analysis for factor identification and item reduction, the developed scale loaded on seven factors in line with the theoretical framework of the Health Belief Model Perceived Threat, Perceived Severity, Perceived Benefits, Perceived Barriers, Cues to Action, Self-Efficacy and Health Motivation. The HBM-SW showed good – excellent (α =0.74-0.93) internal consistency and moderate – good (ICC =0.64-0.89) test re-test reliability. Using health behaviour outcome measures, the HBM-SW scale showed meaningful correlations with sleep quality, sleep duration, diet quality and leisure time physical activity, and acceptable validity and reliability. Conclusion Further testing should be conducted in a larger sample to facilitate confirmatory factor analysis. The Health Belief Model for Shift Workers scale is likely to be beneficial for in future studies of interventions for shift workers.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Sleep (including sleep behaviour and development)"
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Ewing, Donna. "The role of sleep problems and sleepiness in cognitive and behavioural processes of childhood anxiety." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2014. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/53492/.
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Sleep in children is important for the functioning of a range of cognitive processes, including memory, attention, arousal, executive functioning, and the processing of emotional experiences. This, in addition to the high comorbidity between sleep problems and anxiety, may suggest that sleep plays a role in the cognitive and behavioural processes associated with childhood anxiety. Although a body of research exists which considers the associations between sleep problems and anxiety, there is currently little research evidence available for the effect of children's sleepiness on anxiety, or for the effect of childhood sleep problems or sleepiness on anxiety related processes. To address this, this thesis begins with a meta-analysis exploring the efficacy of transdiagnostic cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) for the treatment of childhood anxiety (Paper 1). CBT is generally the treatment of choice for childhood anxiety, and targets the processes that the subsequent papers in this thesis consider in relation to children's sleepiness and sleep problems. Papers two to five consider the effect of sleepiness on a range of cognitive and behavioural processes, including vicariously learning and unlearning fear (Paper 2), ambiguity resolution (Paper 3), emotion recognition (Paper 4), and habituation and avoidance (Paper 5). The final paper considers sleep problems in relation to a CBT intervention for childhood anxiety (Paper 6). Overall, while sleep problems and usual sleepiness were found to be associated with childhood anxiety, current sleepiness was not. On the other hand, sleepiness (usual and current), and reduced sleep, affected children's behavioural processes when exposed to anxiety provoking stimuli, but were not found to affect children's anxietyrelated cognitive processes. Sleep problems interacted with vicarious learning processes, but not with ambiguity resolution or emotion recognition processes, or with change in anxiety symptoms following a CBT intervention for childhood anxiety. Implications for treatment and future research directions are discussed.
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Williams, Kate Elizabeth. "Self-regulation from birth to age seven : associations with maternal mental health, parenting, and social, emotional and behavioural outcomes for children." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2014. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/71568/1/Kate_Williams_Thesis.pdf.
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Self-regulation refers to our individual capacities to regulate our behaviours, emotions, and thoughts, with these skills developing rapidly across early childhood. This thesis examined sleep, emotional, and cognitive regulation development, and related parental influences, for children participating in the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children. Important longitudinal associations among children's self-regulation, maternal mental health, parenting, and later behaviour problems for children were also investigated. A unique contribution of this research was a prevalence estimate of early childhood self-regulation problems in Australian children that was documented for the first time.
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Fuller, Andrea. "Development and evaluation of an intervention targeting parenting practices associated with obesity-related behaviours in young children attending playgroup." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2020. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/205814/1/Andrea_Fuller_Thesis.pdf.
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This thesis focussed on obesity prevention in children under five years by targeting parenting practices that support the development of healthy lifestyle behaviours in respect to eating, active play, screen time and sleep. An intervention, developed from focus groups with parents, was trialled in community playgroups in Brisbane and was both feasible and acceptable. The aim was to support parents to use autonomy promoting parenting practices. The program, unique in the community playgroup setting, consisted of five fortnightly sessions, delivered during playgroup time. A peer facilitator led brief conversations around parenting challenges and strategies for using appropriate parenting practices.
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Murawski, Beatrice. "Development and evaluation of a mobile health intervention to improve physical activity and sleep health in adults: the Synergy Study." Thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.13/1410290.
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Research Doctorate - Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)Background: Large proportions of the adult population report insufficient physical activity and poor sleep health in the absence of a clinical sleep disorder. Both behaviours have a substantial impact on overall health and well-being and are thought to share a bi-directional relationship. This implies insufficient physical activity and poor sleep health should be targeted in combination. Intervention strategies that are delivered using mobile health (m-health) solutions show promising effects and improve the reach of behaviour change interventions to improve public health. To date, there is no published evidence to show that an m-health trial to improve physical activity and sleep health in combination would be efficacious. Though key to the development of such a trial, no previous reviews have compiled the evidence from sleep interventions with particular focus on adults who report poor sleep health without a clinically-diagnosed sleep disorder. Moreover, there is limited understanding of the psychosocial mechanisms in a behaviour change intervention targeting multiple behaviours, and there are no instruments available to measure these mechanisms in the context of sleep health. Objectives: To address these gaps, the thesis had one primary aim and three related secondary aims. The primary thesis aim was to test the efficacy of a theory-based m-health intervention (The Synergy Study) to improve physical activity and sleep quality in adults. The three secondary thesis aims were: (1) to review the evidence from studies that have examined the effectiveness of cognitive and behavioural interventions to improve sleep health in adults without sleep disorders; (2) to develop and test the psychometric qualities of an instrument for the assessment of the psychosocial determinants of sleep hygiene practice; and, (3) to examine potential mediators of changes in physical activity, sleep quality and sleep hygiene in the Synergy Study. Methods and Results: Primary Aim (Chapter 6) The Primary Aim was investigated in the Synergy Study, a two-arm randomised waitlist-controlled trial including 160 Australian adults reporting insufficient physical activity and poor sleep quality at screening. The intervention consisted of a mobile application (referred to as ‘app’) that was built for participants to utilise educational resources, goal-setting, self-monitoring and feedback strategies. In addition, participants received personalised support including weekly progress reports, tool sheets and prompts for 12 weeks. The primary endpoint of the intervention occurred at three months and participants completed follow-up assessments at six months. All assessments were conducted online using self-report measures. Minutes of moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA) and sleep quality were co-primary outcomes and the study also assessed a range of secondary outcomes (i.e., resistance training, sitting time, sleep hygiene, sleep timing variability, insomnia severity, daytime sleepiness, quality of life, and depression, anxiety and stress symptoms). Baseline-adjusted between-group differences using complete cases were examined using generalised linear mixed models and logistic regression models. sensitivity analyses were conducted following predicted mean matching and chained equation modelling to impute missing data. The Synergy Study showed that compared to the control group, participants who received the intervention reported significantly better sleep quality at three months (p = 0.009), but not at six months. There was no evidence of an intervention effect on MVPA (p = 0.139). At three months, significant between-groups differences in favour of the intervention were observed for the following secondary outcomes: resistance training (p = 0.004), subjective sleep quality (p = 0.017), sleep onset latency (p = 0.013), waketime variability (p = 0.018), sleep hygiene (p = 0.027), insomnia severity (p = 0.002) and stress symptoms (p = 0.003). At six months, the majority of these differences were maintained, and additional improvements were found for bedtime variability (p = 0.023), sleepiness (p <0.001), daytime dysfunction (p = 0.039) and anxiety symptoms (p = 0.003). Secondary Aim 1 (Chapter 3) Four major electronic databases were searched using pre-defined search strings to locate original research published as English language full-text. Two reviewers independently screened and selected eligible articles, extracted data and assessed study quality. The synthesis provided a descriptive summary of study characteristics and quantitative results based on meta-analyses using random-effects models. Combined estimates were presented using Hedge’s g. Established methods were used to assess between-study heterogeneity (Q-statistics, I-statistics), publication bias (Rosenthal’s classic failsafe N) and the impact of unpublished data (Duval and Tweedie’s trim and fill method). This study showed that cognitive and behavioural interventions improve sleep quality in adults with poor sleep health who do not have a clinical sleep disorder (g = –0.54). Secondary Aim 2 (Chapter 4) Existing items to assess the psychosocial determinants (i.e.., self-efficacy, perceived capability, environment, social support, intention and planning) of physical activity and diet were adapted to focus on practices pertaining to sleep hygiene such as keeping regular bed and wake times, reducing the impact of stimuli and exercising regularly. Baseline data from the Synergy Study were analysed to examine scale unidimensionality by way of Principal Component Analyses. Measures of the scales’ internal consistency were reported as Cronbach’s alphas. A separate sample including 20 participants was recruited to assess levels of test-retest reliability using intra-class correlation coefficients. The new instrument consisted of seven scales and demonstrated acceptable psychometric qualities with good to excellent internal consistency (α = 0.76–0.92) and good to excellent test-retest reliability (ICC = 0.61–0.84). Secondary Aim 3 (Chapter 7) Using data from the Synergy Study, this aim was addressed in a mediation analysis. For the purpose of this study, missing data were imputed using Expectation Maximisation. A range of psychosocial factors were hypothesised to mediate changes in physical activity, sleep quality and sleep hygiene as a result of the intervention. In addition, physical activity was examined as a behavioural mediator of sleep quality and vice versa; and sleep hygiene as a mediator of changes in sleep quality. Each of the hypothesised causal chains was assessed in a single mediator model. Following Preacher and Hayes’ approach to mediation analysis, bias-corrected bootstrapped confidence intervals, calculated using PROCESS 2 for SPSS were used for the interpretation of results. The analyses demonstrated that MVPA was mediated by a number of psychosocial factors (i.e., self-efficacy, perceived capability, environment, social support, intention and planning). Neither of the two sleep outcomes (sleep quality and sleep hygiene) were mediated by any of the hypothesised psychosocial mediators. There was no evidence for a bi-directional relationship between physical activity and sleep quality. However, sleep hygiene mediated sleep quality. Conclusion: The thesis presents new findings on how to improve physical activity and sleep health in combination using an m-health intervention that incorporated personalised support, with particular focus on insufficient physical activity and poor sleep health in adults without diagnosed sleep disorders. Furthermore, it provides a new method to assess the psychosocial determinants of sleep hygiene practice, which is key to the promotion of good sleep health; and offers novel insights into the role these psychosocial factors play as mechanisms (mediators) of intervention efficacy in a multiple behaviour change intervention. Supported by the findings arising from the thesis and in the context of previous research, a number of gaps remain to be addressed in future studies. Additional multiple health behaviour trials with potential for wide reach are needed to make health behaviour strategies accessible to a large proportion of the general adult population. These studies should aim to recruit samples that are representative of the general adult population (i.e., increase proportion of male participants and those with low socioeconomic status). More studies with specific focus on individuals with sub-clinical sleep problems are needed to broaden the extent to which the evidence pinpoints effective interventions in this population group. Lastly, the overall understanding of the psychosocial mechanisms of behaviour change in multiple behaviour interventions, the measurement of, as well as investigations into these mechanisms also require additional attention. Taken together, this knowledge could have the potential to improve public health.
Books on the topic "Sleep (including sleep behaviour and development)"
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Davies, Kim. Caring for your toddler: Raising your child the way nature intended : [the natural way to nurture your pre-school child, with expert advice on healthy eating, sleep, play, development, behaviour and coping with illness, shown in more than 180 practical photographs]. London: Southwater, 2008.
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Epstein, Lawrence J. Sleep disorders. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198778240.003.0007.
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Over 70 described sleep disorders disrupt the sleep of an estimated 50–70 million Americans. The disorders present with a broad array of symptoms but result in the individual not getting the health, cognitive, and restorative benefits of a good night’s sleep. The disorders have been categorized into the following categories: insomnia, sleep-related breathing disorders, central disorders of hypersomnolence, circadian rhythm sleep–wake disorders, parasomnias, and sleep-related movement disorders. This chapter reviews each category and provides details on the symptoms, pathophysiology, and treatment of the most common disorder in each category, including insomnia, obstructive sleep apnoea, narcolepsy, restless legs syndrome, and REM sleep behaviour disorder. The presenting complaint is the key to diagnosis, directing subsequent evaluation.
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Mosimann, Urs Peter, and Bradley F. Boeve. Sleep disorders. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199644957.003.0051.
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This book chapter reviews the most common sleep disorders in older adults and their treatment. It begins with a brief review of sleep physiology and then gives an outline on how to take a comprehensive sleep history. Sleep is commonly defined as a periodic temporary loss of consciousness with restorative effects. There are physiological sleep changes related to ageing, but sleep disorders are not part of normal ageing and are often associated with mental or physical disorders, pain and neurodegenerative disease. The most common sleep disorders include insomnia, obstructive sleep apnoea, restless legs syndrome, REM sleep behaviour disorder, excessive daytime somnolence and circadian rhythms disorders. An in depth clinical history, including if possible bed-partner’s information, is the key to diagnosis. Patients need to be informed about the physiological sleep changes and the principles of sleep hygiene. They can benefit from pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment strategies.
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Forsyth, Rob, and Richard Newton. Signs and symptoms. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198784449.003.0003.
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This chapter addresses the diagnostic approach to the patterns of symptoms and signs commonly seen in the paediatric neurology clinic. It encourages pattern recognition. The presentations considered are: altered mental state (agitation/confusion); motor disorders (exercise limitation and muscle pain; eye or facial movement abnormalities; the floppy infant; a funny gait; weakness; unsteadiness or falls; toe-walking; disordered sensation, numbness, pain, dysaesthesia; deafness, loss or disturbance of hearing or vision; paroxysmal disorders (funny turns, loss of awareness, epilepsy, headache, movement disorders); developmental delay, impairment or regression, school failure; speech disturbance; behaviour disorder; symptoms that might suggest a spinal disorder such as back pain, incontinence, or scoliosis; other skeletal abnormality including abnormal skull size or shape, foot deformity; sleep disturbance.
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Kotagal, Suresh, and Julie M. Baughn. Childhood sleep–wake disorders. Edited by Sudhansu Chokroverty, Luigi Ferini-Strambi, and Christopher Kennard. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199682003.003.0049.
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This chapter highlights the development of normal sleep from infancy to childhood. It illustrates the ways in which this development impacts common sleep disorders such as sleep disordered breathing, insomnia, restless legs syndrome (Willis–Ekbom disease), narcolepsy, parasomnias, and circadian rhythm abnormalities. The considerations needed for diagnosis of these disorders in children are discussed, including the key features of a pediatric sleep history. The chapter also focuses on sleep in special populations, including trisomy 21 (Down syndrome), autism spectrum disorder, Angelman syndrome, Prader–Willi syndrome, and achondroplasia, and on the considerations needed for each population. This chapter is designed for the sleep physician with an interest in treating children.
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Durand, V. Mark. When Children Don't Sleep Well: Therapist Guide. Oxford University Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med:psych/9780195329476.001.0001.
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This comprehensive online guide provides intervention options for a wide variety of sleep problems, including bedtime disturbances, night waking, sleep terrors, and nightmares. It also addresses sleep hygiene, bedwetting, and other sleep-related issues, and uses a modular format, starting with a thorough assessment of the child's sleep problems, and the family’s ability to intervene. Each intervention module outlines how to instruct families in selecting an intervention and carrying it out successfully. A companion guide for parents includes detailed steps for intervention, as well as recording forms for sleep and behaviour.
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Venner, Anne, and Patrick M. Fuller. An overview of sleep–wake circuitry. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198778240.003.0005.
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How and when we wake and sleep are under the control of incredibly complex neural circuitry, consisting of neuronal populations (or nodes), neurotransmitters, and pathways that form orchestrated wake- or sleep-promoting networks. When any aspect of this neural circuitry is impaired (e.g. disease) or altered by external factors (e.g. stress), sleep and wake can be disrupted, sometimes quite profoundly. As one example, selective loss of orexin neurons in the lateral hypothalamus results in the sleep disorder narcolepsy. While our understanding of how discrete circuit elements in the brain work together to regulate wake and sleep remains incomplete, the relatively recent development of genetically driven tools and techniques has enabled a far more detailed understanding of the functional and structural basis of this circuitry. In this chapter, we review the current state of our understanding of the brain circuitry regulating sleep and wake, including how disruption of discrete circuit elements underlies a myriad of sleep- and wake-disorders.
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Innominato, Pasquale F., and David Spiegel. Circadian rhythms, sleep, and anti-cancer treatments. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198778240.003.0016.
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The circadian timing system temporally regulates biological functions relevant for psycho-physical wellbeing, spanning all the systems related to health. Hence, disruption of circadian rhythms, along with sleep cycles, is associated with the development of several diseases, including cancer. Moreover, altered circadian and sleep functions negatively impact on cancer patients’ quality of life and survival, above and beyond known determinants of outcome. This alteration can occur as a consequence of cancer, but also of anti-cancer treatments. Indeed, circadian rhythms govern also the ability of detoxifying chemotherapy agents across the 24 hours. Hence, adapting chemotherapy delivery to the molecular oscillations in relevant drug pathways can decrease toxicity to healthy cells, while increasing the number of cancer cells killing. This chronomodulated chemotherapy approach, together with the maintenance of proper circadian function throughtout the whole disease challenge, would finally result in safer and more active anticancer treatments, and in patients experiencing better quality and quantity of life.
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Lane, Richard D., and Lynn Nadel, eds. Neuroscience of Enduring Change. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190881511.001.0001.
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The field of psychotherapy began over 100 years with the hope that its neural foundations could be understood. Since then, the field of neuroscience has burgeoned such that it is now possible to envision in a rudimentary way what brain mechanisms may participate in bringing about meaningful and enduring change. A key development has been the discovery that memories are not fixed but can be updated under certain circumstances, a process known as memory reconsolidation. This is critical because memories guide future behavior as well as provide a record of the past. Another foundational discovery is that emotions influence the content and context of what is recalled. Drawing upon a recent hypothesis that enduring change in all major psychotherapy modalities comes about through reconsolidation of emotional memories, the first section of the book addresses the basic science of some of the key ingredients of psychotherapy including emotion, different kinds of memory, interactions between different kinds of memory, the evidence for memory reconsolidation, emotion–memory interactions, and the role of sleep in memory consolidation and reconsolidation. The second section focuses on a number of psychotherapy modalities, including several in the cognitive-behavioral, experiential, and psychodynamic traditions, and discusses how enduring change is thought to occur including the possible role of memory reconsolidation. A major aim of this book is to describe what is and is not known for the purpose of defining the future research agenda. Guided by this new knowledge, the practice of psychotherapy may be transformed in the foreseeable future.
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Rott, Daniel. Baby's First Year: A Complete Guide on What to Expect From Your First Parenting Year – Including Baby Sleep, Baby Food Recipes, Baby Games, and Your Baby's Cognitive Development. Independently published, 2019.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Sleep (including sleep behaviour and development)"
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Narahari, Anoop, Raman Baweja, Piyush Das, and Amit Chopra. "Eating Disorders." In Management of Sleep Disorders in Psychiatry, edited by Amit Chopra, Piyush Das, and Karl Doghramji, 511–30. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190929671.003.0030.
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Sleep and eating behavior are complimentary homeostatic functions and adequate sleep is fundamental for the nutritional balance of the body. Short sleep duration has been linked to development of obesity and abnormal eating patterns in children and adults. Individuals with eating disorders report significantly higher sleep disturbances of sleep apnea, insomnia, circadian rhythm disorders, and impairment of daytime functioning, as compared to controls. Sleep disturbances have been implicated in suicidal behaviors in patients with eating disorders. This chapters outline the current evidence examining the pathophysiology and comorbidity of sleep disturbance in daytime eating disorders and focus on clinical assessment and management of nocturnal eating disorders including night eating syndrome and particularly sleep-related eating disorder, which is a combination of parasomnia and eating disorder. There is an imminent need to develop evidence-based pharmacological and psychological treatments for management of nocturnal eating disorders and the sleep disturbances associated with daytime eating disorders.
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Winters, Ken C., and Ann Ingwalson. "Physical and Psychosocial Development." In Adolescent Co-Occurring Substance Use and Mental Health Disorders, edited by Ken C. Winters and Ann Ingwalson, 11—C2.P147. Oxford University PressNew York, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med-psych/9780190678487.003.0002.
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Abstract This chapter provides an overview of adolescent physical and psychosocial development. Such changes happen at an accelerated rate during adolescence. Physical changes include the onset of puberty and the development of a sexually dimorphic body shape. The adolescent’s view of their personal identity and how they relate to the outside world are greatly influenced by these physical changes. Genetic factors strongly influence several personality traits, including tendencies to engage in antisocial behavior and risk for depression. The influence of peers and parents will shape various features of a teenager’s personality. The critical psychosocial challenges of adolescence involve developing a clearer sense of personal and sexual identity and a desire of independence from one’s parents. Other hallmarks of psychosocial development are involvement in romantic relations, risk-taking tendencies, changes in physical activity, and sleep deprivation. Psychological health can be adversely affected by indulgence in social messaging and too much screen time.
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Simon, Chantal, Hazel Everitt, Françoise van Dorp, Nazia Hussain, Emma Nash, and Danielle Peet. "Child health." In Oxford Handbook of General Practice, 825–906. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198808183.003.0023.
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This chapter in the Oxford Handbook of General Practice explores child health in general practice. It covers child health promotion from birth, including the neonatal and 6-week check, neonatal bloodspot screening, screening for hip dysplasia, vision and hearing screening tests, birth trauma, genetic disorders, common problems of small babies, prematurity, and neonatal jaundice. It examines feeding babies, weaning, and developmental milestones. It discusses fever and acute illness in the under 5s, childhood infection, urinary tract infection, congenital heart disease, asthma, constipation, malabsorption, gut atresia, hernias, and intussusception. It explores growth disorders, endocrine problems, funny turns, febrile convulsions, epilepsy, hydrocephalus, neural tube defect, arthritis, dermatology, and cancer. It also discusses behaviour problems, sleep problems, toilet training, poor progress at school, autism, learning disability, adolescence, chronic illness, disability, safeguarding children, and child death.
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Simonoff, Emily. "Management and treatment of autism spectrum disorders." In New Oxford Textbook of Psychiatry, edited by John R. Geddes, Nancy C. Andreasen, and Guy M. Goodwin, 289–98. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198713005.003.0030.
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Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a chronic disorder beginning early in development and comprising lifelong impairments in social communication and restricted and repetitive behaviours and interests. The manifestations of these core symptoms frequently vary across individuals, especially with differences in intellectual ability, and may change with age. In addition, people with ASD have high rates of co-occurring psychiatric disorders, including attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, anxiety and depression, tics/Tourette’s syndrome, and sleep problems. They frequently exhibit behaviours that challenge others, including aggression, self-injury, and high levels of irritability. Hence, their treatment and management requires a comprehensive approach to core and co-occurring symptoms. Management should include evidence-based approaches from health and also ASD-specific support from education, employment, social care, and the wider community. There is insufficient evidence to guide best practice, and more research on interventions is urgently required.
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Lyons, Elaine, and Grainne d’Ancona. "Medications influencing sleep." In Oxford Handbook of Sleep Medicine, 293–304. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780192848253.003.0028.
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Sleep disturbance affects 50% to 80% of all patients with psychiatric disorders. Slow-wave sleep (SWS) and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep have been of significant interest to neurologists, psychiatrists and psychologists; SWS because of its putative role in brain repair, detoxification, homeostatic maintenance and in cognitive function, and REM sleep because of its suggested involvement in memory, neurodevelopment and emotional regulation. To date, little is known about the consequences of disrupted sleep and sleep deprivation in psychiatric disorders. Moreover, in clinical practice, sleep disturbance is still often regarded as an epiphenomenon of the primary psychiatric disorder. Sleep disorders increase the risk of developing episodes of psychiatric disorders. Also, insomnia, defined as difficulty initiating or maintaining sleep resulting in daytime consequences, is common among psychiatric disorders. Several other potential comorbid sleep disorders, including OSA, restless leg syndrome (RLS), periodic limb movement disorder (PLMD), and REM behaviour disorder (RBD) are known to modulate psychiatric symptom expression. It is increasingly recognised that sleep and psychiatric disorders may share a bidirectional relationship. Therefore, concurrent and aggressive management of sleep should be a pivotal part of the clinical management in all psychiatric disorders.
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Ashton, Kathleen, and Cheryl L. Thompson. "Did Cancer Kill My Sleep?" In Sleep Disorders, 826–36. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190671099.003.0048.
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A two-time breast cancer survivor is troubled by worry of her cancer returning; along with poor sleep hygiene and lack of routine schedule, this leads to insomnia. After a negative polysomnogram, she is evaluated by a psychologist trained in sleep and integrated into the breast cancer clinic. Cognitive-behavioral therapy for insomnia is recommended. Insomnia is common among breast cancer patients and survivors and is likely due to a combination of factors, including anxiety over prognosis and treatment side effects, which are sometimes long-lasting. Treatment of insomnia in these patients has been shown to improve their quality of life. Short sleep duration and circadian rhythm disturbances are associated with cancer development, progression, and prognosis.
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Figueiredo, Bárbara. "Mother- and father-to-infant emotional involvement." In Perinatal Psychiatry. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199676859.003.0017.
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A mother’s specific emotional and hormonal state after childbirth ensures her emotional involvement and adequate parental behaviour. Soon after delivery, or even in late pregnancy, the mother’s emotional state—in particular, an increased sensitivity—becomes fully adapted to the identification and satisfaction of the infant’s physical and psychological needs. Winnicott (1956, 1960) was perhaps one of the first authors to point out the presence of a particular emotional state in recently delivered mothers—‘primary maternal preoccupation’, referring to the mother’s correct identification and immediate satisfaction of the infant’s physical and psychological needs. Winnicott (1990) later defined and described four main tasks to be fulfilled in the maternal role, including the emotional involvement with the child, which he termed ‘holding’. Holding tasks are: (1) to provide protection and care to the child, (2) to take into account the child’s limitations and dependency status, (3) to provide the necessary care for the child’s growth and development, and (4) to love the child. In the meantime, Yalom et al. (1968) and Pitt (1973) both described the ‘postpartum/maternity blues—a transient state of emotional dysphoria, emerging within a few hours to 2 weeks after childbirth, in about 50 to 70% of puerperal women, and characterized by intermittent mild fatigue, tearfulness, worry, difficulty in thinking, and sleep disturbances. Progesterone and oestrogen levels, which gradually increase during pregnancy, fall suddenly after delivery, returning to prepregnancy levels in just 3 days. This rapid decline, the most severe threat to a women’s hormonal and emotional balance, has been proposed as the main cause of postpartum/maternity blues (e.g. Pitt 1973; Yalomand et al. 1968). The mother’s behavioural sensitivity to such a drop in reproductive hormones was later associated with higher reactivity to the infant’s stimuli and greater proximity with the neonate (e.g. Barrett and Fleming 2011; Carter 2005; Fleming et al. 1997; Miller and Rukstalis 1999), and was proposed as serving the function of eliciting mother-to-infant involvement, to ensure that the infant receives the required care to survive (e.g. Carter 2005; Figueiredo 2003; Pedersen 1997). The evolutionary point of view had its clearest proponent in John Bowlby (1969/1982, 1980) who proposed the presence of a behavioural system (that is, an organized set of behaviours) in parents—the ‘caregiving system’, to guarantee the proximity and protection of the child.
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Lum, Esther. "Perspectives on Integrative Sleep Medicine." In Integrative Sleep Medicine, edited by Valerie Cacho and Esther Lum, 1–16. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190885403.003.0001.
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Sleep, like nutrition and physical activity, has been found to affect nearly all aspects of health, both individual and societal. Despite this, it has long been neglected in the medical literature until relatively recent times, and, despite its importance, sleep deprivation and impaired sleep are pervasive in modern life. In this chapter, different perspectives on sleep are discussed, including historical views of sleep and alternative sleep patterns. The development of sleep as a medical specialty is described, as are limitations to the conventional medical approach to sleep. The foundations of a truly integrative approach to sleep are enumerated.
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Anderson, Kirstie, Zheyu Xu, Urs Mosimann, and Bradley Boeve. "Sleep and circadian rhythm disorders." In Oxford Textbook of Old Age Psychiatry, 753–70. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198807292.003.0048.
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This chapter reviews the most common sleep disorders in older adults and their treatment. It begins with a brief review of sleep physiology and then gives an outline on how to take a comprehensive sleep history. There are physiological sleep changes related to ageing, but sleep disorders are not part of normal ageing and are often associated with mental or physical disorders, pain, and neurodegenerative disease. The most common sleep disorders include insomnia, obstructive sleep apnoea, restless legs syndrome, REM sleep behaviour disorder, excessive daytime somnolence, and circadian rhythm disorders. An in-depth clinical history, including if possible, bed-partner’s information, is the key to diagnosis. Patients need to be informed about the physiological sleep changes and the principles of sleep hygiene. Many sleep disorders have effective therapies and patients will benefit from pharmacological and nonpharmacological treatment strategies.
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Tyack, Charlie. "Insomnia in childhood." In Oxford Handbook of Sleep Medicine, 195–208. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780192848253.003.0020.
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The range of unwanted behaviours arising from sleep is wide, and is not limited to the archetypal non-REM parasomnias such as sleepwalking, or REM sleep behaviour disorder. Some parasomnias, such as sleep paralysis and sleep-related hallucinations, are part of the classic tetrad of narcolepsy, but are encountered as isolated phenomena in an extremely high proportion of the otherwise normal population. Others are much less commonly experienced or encountered, but a knowledge of these conditions often permits a rapid diagnosis. This chapter discusses a range of other parasomnias that may occasionally be encountered in clinical practice, including rhythmic movement disorder, hypnic jerks, exploding head syndrome and propriospinal myoclonus.
Conference papers on the topic "Sleep (including sleep behaviour and development)"
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Almeida, Beatriz, Carlos Albuquerque, Madalena Cunha, and Anabela Antunes. "SLEEP QUALITY AND SLEEP HABITS IN STUDENTS." In International Conference on Education and New Developments. inScience Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36315/2021end102.
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Introduction: The student stage is marked by many changes that will affect different aspects of young youth life, including changes in sleep patterns. Sleep is known to play an active role in the overall development of students, mainly because of its restorative functions and an insufficient number of hours of sleep can be associated with consequences on physical and mental health. Objectives: To analyze the factors that interfere with higher education students’ sleep quality. Methods: A systematic review of the literature was carried out drawing on a selection of articles published between 2012 and 2020, following the method proposed by the Joanna Briggs Institute and according to the Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyzes (PRISMA). This selection was carried out using PubMed, B-On and SCIELO search engines. The review was based on 5 articles whose methodological quality was found to be undeniable. Results: Results show that, on the whole, students suffer from a poor quality of sleep. This situation is commonly associated with factors such as being a higher education student worker, shift work, or caffeine, alcohol, and tobacco use, among others. Conclusions: In view of the outcomes, it became clear that higher education students need to be made more aware of the importance of sleep habits and daytime sleepiness, and to improve their health literacy. They need to be informed and trained in these areas so they may reduce or at least prevent certain risk behaviours that increasingly threaten their sleep quality and overall health.
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Al-Jumaily, A. M., P. Mithrarathne, L. Gradon, and D. White. "Modelling and Simulation of a Breathing System." In ASME 2003 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2003-41853.
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This paper presents the development of a dynamic model for an artificial breathing system designed to help patients with sleep related disorders. The system consists of a variable-volume-reciprocating compressor, reservoir, mask and a controller. These components are inter-connected by flexible tubes. The key feature of this system is to maintain a slightly positive air pressure in a mask attached to the person with breathing difficulties. This facilitates the patient with a reduced inhalation effort. Each component of the system is modeled as a lumped sub-system to describe the dynamic behavior. The mathematical models are simulated using SIMULINK™ in MATLAB™ environment. This gives a greater flexibility in changing parameters to investigate various control as well as operational scenarios. The model is computer simulated to investigate the response of the system for various input parameters including controller analysis.
Reports on the topic "Sleep (including sleep behaviour and development)"
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Basis, Najwa, and Tamar Shochat. Associations between religion and sleep: A systematic review of observational studies in the adult population. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, July 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.7.0057.
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Review question / Objective: The aim of this systematic review is to investigate observational studies on the association between religion and sleep in the adult population. To this end, the proposed systematic review will address the following question: What is the role religion plays in shaping an individual's sleep health? Condition being studied: Sleep is a fundamental biological process increasingly recognized as a critical indicator of development and overall health. Generally, insufficient sleep is associated with depressed mood, daytime fatigue, poor daytime functioning and daytime sleepiness, increased risk of cancer, cardiovascular problems, diabetes, and the cause of the higher risk of mortality. Furthermore, changes in sleep architecture and quality have been related to cognitive deterioration, including dementia and Alzheimer's disease. Here we will identify the role of religion in elements of sleep health, to include sleep duration and sleep quality, and associated health outcomes in the adult population.
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ji, yuqin, hao tian, qiang ye, zhuoyan ye, and zeyu zheng. Effectiveness of exercise intervention on improving fundamental motor skills in children with autism spectrum disorder: A systematic review and Meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.12.0013.
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Review question / Objective: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to synthesize available randomized controlled trial studies concerning the effects of exercise interventions on fundamental motor skills in children with autism spectrum disorder. Condition being studied: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a complicated and highly prevalent neuro-developmental disorder characterized by deficits in social communication, restricted interests, and repetitive behaviors. The CDC reported that the prevalence of ASD was estimated to be 1 in 59 in the United States by 2020. Along with typical symptoms, a couple of studies have indicated that individuals with ASD encounter a variety of challenges, including sleep disturbance, obesity, executive function deficits, physical inactivity, and motor dysfunctions. Fundamental motor skills (FMS) are the unnaturally occurring basic motor learning model of the human body, which are the building blocks for advanced specialized motor skills and for children and adolescents to participate in sports, games, or other context-specific physical activity.FMS falls into three different categories: (a) locomotor skills (e.g., running and hopping), (b) object control skills (e.g., catching and throwing), and balance or stability skills (e.g., balancing and twisting).