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1
Ugelstad, Elizabeth Grace. "Developing and Implementing an Obstructive Sleep Apnea Patient and Sleep Study Patient Education Video in a Sleep Medicine Clinic." Diss., North Dakota State University, 2018. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/27853.
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Patient education is the catalyst to raise patient competence in self-care and health management and may be the most important action performed by healthcare providers as they seek to empower patients towards better health outcomes (Bastable, 2016). The purpose of this project was to offer providers in a midwestern urban clinic specializing in Sleep Medicine a more effective means of disseminating education to patients potentially diagnosed with Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) in a timely, efficient, and effective manner. Objectives of this project included the following: demonstrate technological caring through development of an evidence-based audiovisual patient education modality on OSA in congruence with the organization?s Learning Services and evidence-based practice; provide the Sleep Medicine providers an evidence-based audiovisual patient education modality on OSA in an online format linked within the organization?s established patient-provider communication system; elicit consistent Sleep Medicine provider utilization of the OSA patient education video on OSA; and provide educational caring to Sleep Medicine patients through the implementation of the OSA patient education video in Sleep Medicine provider practice. The project was conducted in close collaboration with the clinic providers and Learning Services with development of an evidence-based OSA patient education video to implement in practice. The video was accessible for patient review at home utilizing an online patient-provider communication program. The project assessed provider utilization of the OSA educational video. The provider distribution of computer keyboard surveys was 24%. However, of the computer keyboard surveys collected, Sleep Medicine providers offered the video to 74% of new consults. Of the patients who were offered the video, 90% were receptive to viewing the video. The Sleep Medicine providers also offered qualitative and quantitative feedback on video content, offering suggestions for video change and insight for practice use. The findings pointed to a need to further hone the video content and delivery method. Furthermore, the findings suggested providers were likely to utilize the patient education video and patients were receptive to the patient education video. Utilizing the findings of the project, patient use of education videos could be a future study in this practice site.
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Kallushi, Abi Elena. "Healing Architecture for Troubled Nightowls: Restoring Natural Rhythms in Nocturnal U Street." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/73776.
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This thesis is an exploration of architecture as an active participant in human life, not just as a stage. When architecture is considered a participant it contributes to the improvement of our quality of life as well as aiding the healing process when we fall ill. As more people are diagnosed with anxiety and sleep disorders, the thesis considered questions of how the places in which we carry out our day-to-day lives improve the prognosis and, further, can architecture be used as a powerful tool for healing? It is possible that our disconnection from nature is partially responsible for our disrupted sleep patterns and misplaced anxieties. Perhaps natural elements and rhythms are too absent in our daily urban lives. But as more of us move into cities and our urban centers become denser, designers must find clever ways to help city owls reset their circadian rhythm. Architecture can help reestablish that bond with nature. This thesis explores an architecture of healing by proposing a program and design that follows the day and night circadian rhythm of our bodies, which in turn follow the sun and other natural phenomena. Located in a tricky triangular site in one of the busiest nighttime neighborhoods of Washington DC, a wellness center and sleep clinic would allow city dwellers to find a peaceful oasis for healing. In parallel, this thesis is also a study of collage as a design tool, as well as designing from details and the human scale.Master of Architecture
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Altaf, Quratul-ain. "Sleep in patients with type 2 diabetes : the impact of sleep apnoea, sleep duration, and sleep quality on clinical outcomes." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2018. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/8270/.
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Introduction: Type 2 Diabetes (T2DM) and sleep-related disorders share common risk factors such as obesity; but the interrelationships between T2DM and sleep disorders are not well examined. Aims: In this thesis I aimed to assess: 1. The longitudinal impact of obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) on micro vascular complications in patient with T2DM. 2. The relationship between sleep quality, sleep duration and adiposity in patients with T2DM Methods: To examine the first aim, I utilized the data collected from a previous project that examined the cross-sectional associations between OSA and micro vascular complications in patients with T2DM and followed up the study participants longitudinally using 1-2-1 interviews and electronic health records. For aim 2, I conducted a crosssectional study in patients with young-onset T2DM who were recruited from Heart of England NHS Foundation Trust and primary care. Result: For Aim 1: Depending on the micro vascular outcome examined, we had approximately 200 patients in the analysis. Patients were followed up for 2.5 years for renal outcomes, and 4-4.5 years for retinopathy and neuropathy outcomes. The prevalence of OSA was 63%. I found that baseline OSA was significantly associated with greater decline of eGFR and greater progression to pre-proliferative and proliferative retinopathy. I also found that OSA was associated with progression to a combined outcome of foot insensitivity or diabetic foot ulceration but this was a non-significant trend (p=0.06). In addition, I found that patients who received and were compliant with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment (delivered during routine care) had improvements in heart rate variability parameters by study end. For Aim 2: Poor sleep quality and shorter sleep duration were associated with increased total body fat% after adjustment for potential confounders. Conclusion: I found that OSA plays an important role in the progression of micro vascular complications in patients with T2DM. Whether treatment with CPAP has a favourable impact on micro vascular complications is currently being examined in a randomized controlled trial. I also found that sleep duration and quality are associated with increased adiposity. The direction of this relationship need to be examined in longitudinal studies and interventional trials.
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Manber, Rachel. "Daytime sleepiness and sleep-wake schedules." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/186454.
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The present study assessed the differential effects of three manipulations of the sleep-wake schedules of college students on their levels of daytime sleepiness as measured by daily subjective ratings. The study was longitudinal and prospective. Following a baseline period (12 days), three experimental conditions were introduced. In the first group students were asked to sleep at least 7.5 hours at night and to avoid taking naps. In the second group, students were asked in addition to follow a regular sleep wake schedule. In the third group students were asked to sleep at least 7 hours at night and to take daily naps. The experimental phase lasted four weeks and overall, compliance was good. A follow up phase (one week) began five weeks past the termination of the experimental phase. The findings indicate that when nocturnal sleep is not deprived, regularization of the sleep-wake schedules lead to reduced sleepiness and improved psychological and cognitive functioning. Subjects in the regular schedule condition experienced greater and longer lasting improvements in their alertness compared with subjects in the other two groups combined. Napping was not found to produce any change in daytime sleepiness, but subjects who had greater increases in the regularity of nap frequency experienced greater decrease in daytime sleepiness. Subjects with evening tendencies benefited most from regularizing their sleep schedules whereas subjects with morning tendencies benefited most from taking naps.
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Johnston, Christopher David. "Sleep-disordered breathing : a cephalometric and clinical study." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.313925.
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Mueller, Remo Sebastian. "Ontology-driven Data Integration for Clinical Sleep Research." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1291143433.
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Dawson, Spencer Charles. "Memory, Arousal, and Perception of Sleep." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10640182.
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People with insomnia overestimate how long it takes to fall asleep and underestimate the total amount of sleep they attain. While memory is normally decreased prior to sleep onset, this decrease is smaller in insomnia. Insomnia generally and the phenomena of underestimation of sleep and greater memory prior to sleep area associated with arousal including cortical, autonomic, and cognitive arousal. The goal of the present study was to simultaneously examine arousal across these domains in relation to memory and accuracy of sleep estimation.
Forty healthy adults completed baseline measures of sleep, psychopathology, and memory, then maintained a regular sleep schedule for three nights at home before spending a night in the sleep laboratory. On the night of the sleep laboratory study, participants completed measures of cognitive arousal, were allowed to sleep until five minutes of contiguous stage N2 sleep in the third NREM period. They were then awoken and asked to remain awake for fifteen minutes, after which they were allowed to resume sleeping. For the entire duration that they were awake, auditory stimuli (recordings of words) were presented at a rate of one word per 30 seconds. Participants slept until morning, estimated how long they were awake and then completed memory testing, indicating whether they remembered hearing each of the words previously presented along with an equal number of matched distracter words.
Memory was greatest for words presented early in the awakening, followed by the middle and end of the awakening. High cortical arousal prior to being awoken was associated with better memory, particularly for the early part of the awakening. High autonomic arousal was associated with better memory for the late part of the awakening. Cognitive arousal was not associated with memory. Longer duration of sleep prior to being awoken was associated with better memory for the middle of the awakening. Better memory at baseline was associated with better memory, specifically in the middle of the awakening. Contrary to expectation, memory for the awakening was not associated with accuracy of the perceived length of the awakening.
The present study found complementary associations between cortical and autonomic arousal and memory for an awakening from sleep. This suggests that decreasing arousal in both domains may reduce the discrepancy between subjective and objective sleep in insomnia. This also suggests the initial magnitude of decrements in cognitive performance after being awoken are related to deeper proximal sleep initially, while speed of improvement in cognitive performance is related to longer prior sleep duration.
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Reiter, Jeffrey Thomas. "Investigating the Bulimia-Depression Relationship using Sleep Deprivation." W&M ScholarWorks, 1990. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539625635.
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Barlow, Simcock Gail Mary-Rose. "Community sleep clinics run by health visitors : an evaluation of outcome." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/1763.
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Sleep problems in babies and young children are extremely prevalent, yet until recently little attention has been paid to them by health professionals. Sleep problems have often been accepted as part of a developmental process, however research has shown that they are often not transitory, and if not treated effectively in the early years, may have long term consequences for later life. Health visitors are in an ideal position to offer treatment at a primary care level, as they are in regular contact with the families of young children. Existing research has shown that the employment of a behavioural approach is the treatment of choice for childhood sleep problems. The aims of this study were three-fold. Firstly to evaluate the efficacy of a sleep clinic run by health visitors employing behavioural techniques in the treatment of pre-school children with sleep problems. Secondly to assess what aspects of the treatment process result in the outcomes achieved; and finally to make a formal attempt to explore the influence of an improved sleeping pattern on general behaviour. Findings, using a series of n=1 studies that allowed within subject comparisons suggest that field health visitors who have received in-service training on the use of behavioural approaches are able to offer an effective service to the families of children with sleep problems. Parents identified both the behavioural and nonspecific aspects of treatment as being equally helpful, but it remains unclear what actually did help. An improvement in general behaviour was noted for all children, although this was not found to be associated with changes in sleep pattern. Due to the small number of participants, caution must be taken in generalising from the findings. The study is critically evaluated and suggestions for future research together with implications for clinical practice are discussed.
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Lysdahl, Michael. "Rhonchopathy : long-term clinical results after palatal surgery /." Stockholm, 2002. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2002/91-7349-319-8.
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Piano, Carla <1981>. "Sleep and Huntington Disease: Polysomnographic Findings and Clinical Correlates." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2016. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/7298/.
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Huntington’s disease (HD) is a progressive, fatal, neurodegenerative disorder caused by an abnormal expansion of a CAG repeat sequence in the gene encoding the protein huntingtin (HTT) on chromosome 4. Clinical features of HD include progressive motor dysfunction, cognitive decline, and psychiatric disturbance. Sleep disturbances are frequent in HD patients. However, sleep alterations as well as their association with other symptoms and signs of the disease have not been systematically studied in large groups of HD patients.The aim of the study was to objectively evaluate sleep features in a large, single-center, population of HD patients by means of nocturnal, laboratory based video-polysomnography (V-PSG), and to correlate PSG findings with clinical parameters;evaluate subjective sleep-related symptoms by subjective sleep evaluation and compare the results with those obtained with the gold standard diagnostic tool, namely V-PSG;finally, evaluate the EEG modifications in HD patients during the sleep-wake cycle, by means of the exact LOw REsolution Tomography (eLORETA) software.The results suggest that sleep is severely disrupted in HD patients.Taken together,our data may suggest that the caudate degenerative process observed in HD account for the increased arousability, increased motor activity during wake and sleep (originating periodic limb movements), reduction of REM sleep and, overall, a general sleep disruption.As concerns the subjective sleep evaluation, our data suggest, overall, that the subjective evaluation of sleep in HD patients shows a poor correlation with PSG results. Our EEG data suggest a defined pattern of motor cortex dysfunction during wake and sleep, which correlates with the clinical and polysomnographic evidence of increased motor activity during wake and NREM, and nearly absent motor abnormalities in REM. It could be hypothesized that EEG modifications reflect motor cortex impairment or, conversely, an effort to counterbalance abnormal motor output.
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Johal, Ama. "Mandibular advancement splint therapy and sleep nasendoscopy in subjects with sleep-related breathing disorders : a clinical trial." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.542008.
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Atchie, Mackenzie. "Dissociation/Schizotypy, Unusual Sleep Experiences, and Emotion Regulation." Thesis, Southern Illinois University at Edwardsville, 2019. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10977852.
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Past research has indicated that dissociation and schizotypy are highly correlated (Merckelbach & Giesbrecht, 2006; Watson, 2001). Although somewhat controversial, some research has suggested that dissociation and schizotypy traits constitute a unique personality domain often referred to as "oddity" (Watson, Clark, & Chmielewski, 2008). Past research has provided evidence for a relationship between these oddity facets and unusual sleep experiences, such as narcolepsy symptoms and nightmares (Koffel & Watson, 2009). It has been suggested that "unusual cognitive and perceptual experiences" may be the common theme that connects these concepts (Watson, 2001). In addition to the connection between oddity and sleep experiences, some studies have examined the influence of sleep disturbance, namely insomnia, on emotion regulation (Palmer & Alfano, 2017). The relationship between emotion regulation and unusual sleep disturbances is an area that has yet to be explored in the existing literature. Furthermore, studies concerning the relationship between emotion regulation and oddity are scarce. Lastly, how oddity, emotion regulation, and unusual sleep disturbances relate to one another has yet to be defined. This study found that unusual sleep disturbances and dissociation / schizotypy had a significant relationship with suppression. Overall, this study adds to the existing literature by building a foundation for future researchers concerning the relationships between these variables.
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Griffin, Sarah C. "LONELINESS AND SLEEP DISTURBANCE IN OLDER AMERICANS." VCU Scholars Compass, 2019. https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/5965.
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Loneliness is a risk factor for premature mortality but the mechanics of this relationship remain obscure. A potential mechanism is sleep disturbance. The present study aimed to examine the association between loneliness and sleep disturbance, evaluate loneliness as a risk factor for sleep disturbance and vice-versa, model effects between loneliness and sleep disturbance over time, and evaluate a mediation model of loneliness, sleep disturbance, and health. Data came from the 2006-2012 waves of the Health and Retirement Study, a nationally-representative study of older Americans; participants > 65 were included (n=11,400). Analyses included (i) linear regressions accounting for complex sampling and (ii) path analysis (cross-lagged panel and mediation models). Loneliness and sleep disturbance were correlated and were risk factors for one another. Cross-lagged panel models showed reciprocal effects between loneliness and sleep disturbance. Cross-lagged mediation models showed that loneliness predicted subsequent sleep disturbance, which in turn predicted poor self-reported health. Moreover, there was evidence of a direct and indirect effect of loneliness on sleep disturbance. All associations were weakened— but remained—when accounting for demographics, isolation, and depression. Collectively, these findings are consistent with the theory that sleep disturbance is a mechanism through which loneliness damages health. However, effects between loneliness and sleep are reciprocal, rather than unidirectional. Moreover, longitudinal effects were very small. Further research is necessary to speak to causality, assess daily associations between loneliness and sleep, assess a comprehensive model of the mechanics of loneliness and health, and examine loneliness and sleep in the context of other factors.
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Zou, Ding. "Assessment of peripheral arterial tone : clinical applications in sleep medicine /." Göteborg : Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2077/22100.
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Fulcher, Benjamin David. "Quantitative Physiologically-Based Sleep Modeling: Dynamical Analysis and Clinical Applications." Science. School of Physics, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/4347.
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Master of ScienceIn this thesis, a recently developed physiologically-based model of the sleep-wake switch is analyzed and applied to a variety of clinically-relevant protocols. In contrast to phenomenological models, which have dominated sleep modeling in the past, the present work demonstrates the advantages of the physiologically-based approach. Dynamical and linear stability analyses of the Phillips-Robinson sleep model allow us to create a general framework for determining its response to arbitrary external stimuli. The effects of near-stable wake and sleep ghosts on the model’s dynamics are found to have implications for arousal during sleep, sleep deprivation, and sleep inertia. Impulsive sensory stimuli during sleep are modeled modeled according to their known physiological mechanism. The predicted arousal threshold variation matches experimental data from the literature. In simulating a sleep fragmentation protocol, the model simultaneously reproduces the body temperature and arousal threshold variation measured in another existing clinical study. In the second part of the thesis, we simulate sleep deprivation by introducing a wake-effort drive that is required to maintain wakefulness during normal sleeping periods. We interpret this drive both physiologically and psychologically, and demonstrate quantitative agreement between the model’s output and experimental subjective fatigue-related data. As well as subjective fatigue, the model is simultaneously able to reproduce adrenaline excretion and body temperature variations. In the final part of the thesis, the model is extended to include the orexinergic neurons of the lateral hypothalamic area. Due to the dynamics of the orexin group, the extended model exhibits sleep inertia, and an inhibitory circadian projection to the orexin group produces a postlunch dip in performance – both of which are well-known behavioral features. Including both homeostatic and circadian inputs to the orexin group, the model produces a waking arousal variation that quantitatively matches published clinical data.
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Altier, Heather R. "Thwarted Interpersonal Needs, Depression, and Sleep Disturbances in Primary Care: Does Gratitude Help You Sleep?" Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2020. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/3797.
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Sleep disturbances are prevalent in primary care patients and can be exacerbated by interpersonal dysfunction and depression. As well, thwarted interpersonal needs (TIN), including thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness, contribute to depression. However, the presence of gratitude, a cognitive-emotional protective factor, may improve symptoms. We longitudinally examined the mediating role of depressive symptoms on the relation between TIN and sleep disturbances, and the moderating role of gratitude on the TIN-sleep disturbances and depression-sleep disturbances linkages. Our primary care patient sample (N = 223) completed self-report surveys at baseline (T1) and at a one-year follow-up (T2; n = 97). Patients with greater TIN reported more depressive symptoms (T1) and, in turn, increased sleep disturbances (T2). Gratitude did not moderate the belongingness model but, in the burdensomeness model, buffered the linkage between burdensomeness and sleep disturbances and strengthened the relation between depressive symptoms and sleep disturbances. Clinical implications and future research directions are discussed.
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Franceschini, Christian <1980>. "REM sleep behavior disorder nella narcolessia: ricerca di un marker clinico e strumentale." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2009. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/1839/.
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Gleadhill, Iain Colin. "The implications of snoring : epidemiological and clinical studies." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.301740.
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Bean, Christian Alexander Ledwin. "Naturalistic Partial Sleep Deprivation Leads to Greater Next-Day Anxiety: The Moderating Role of Baseline Anxiety and Depression." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1586416854132745.
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Abreu, e. Silva Fernando Antonio. "Clinical studies of breathing during sleep and sudden infant death syndrome." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/30126.
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Zellmer, Mark R. "Clinical Recognition of Obstructive Sleep Apnea in a Population-Based Sample." ScholarWorks, 2010. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/837.
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Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), a disorder in which the airway intermittently collapses and obstructs during sleep, is associated with increased cardiovascular and cerebrovascular morbidity and mortality, increased risk of motor vehicle accidents, metabolic syndrome, hypertension, and depression. Treatment of OSA attenuates or reverses many of these associated risks. However, most cases of OSA are unrecognized and untreated. The two most recent studies using 1990s data found that only 6.5 - 15.4% of OSA cases, depending on severity, are clinically recognized in mixed gender populations. Based on a conceptual framework of improved physician awareness of OSA, and reduced diagnostic access bias with the increased availability of sleep laboratory services, increased OSA recognition since the 1990s was predicted. Study participants with clinically recognized OSA were identified using the resources of the Rochester Epidemiology Project, while the Berlin Questionnaire OSA high risk classification was used as a surrogate for prevalent OSA in this population. Analysis in a mixed gender population determined that OSA clinical recognition among those with prevalent OSA was 22.7 % (95% CI 19.6 - 25.8%) for mild or greater OSA severity leaving more than 75% of prevalent OSA clinically unrecognized and untreated in this population. Obesity and male gender were associated with increased likelihood of clinical recognition in bivariate and multivariate analyses, though even among obese men only 36.5% of OSA was clinically recognized. In order to support positive social change and address these inequities of OSA clinical recognition, strategies that enhance OSA recognition overall, and more specifically target recognition of OSA among women and the nonobese, should be developed and implemented. Further research regarding such strategies should consider whether they reduce OSA associated morbidity and mortality.
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Narad, Megan. "Examination of the Occurrence of Sleep Difficulties in a Clinical ADHD population." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1273002130.
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Franzen, Peter. "Psychophysiological responses to auditory stimuli during sleep in posttraumatic stress disorder." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/280350.
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Sleep complaints are common in people who develop Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). PTSD-related information processing abnormalities evident during wakefulness might continue into sleep. A group of Vietnam veterans with and without PTSD (patients and combat-controls) were studied to examine psychophysiological responses to auditory stimuli during stage 2 NREM sleep. Three stimuli (500 ms) categories were presented in an oddball paradigm: pure tones (standard, 60% probability of occurring); trauma-related (i.e., combat sounds) and affectively neutral, environmental stimuli (20% each). The effects of stimulus presentation on evoked K-complexes, heart rate (HR), and cortical activity (power spectra ratio of fast to slow EEG activity, and beta-band power) were examined; the impact of evoking a K-complex (KC+ and KC- trials) on these last two measures was also examined. Significantly fewer K-complexes were elicited in patients; there were no within group differences in the proportion of K-complexes elicited between tone and trauma stimuli. Patients unexpectedly produced significantly more K-complexes to neutral stimuli. Examination of the N550 component of the evoked K-complex revealed significantly longer latencies in the control group, who also had longer latency for trauma stimuli relative to tone and neutral stimuli. There were no findings on N550 amplitude. Cortical arousal results ran contrary to predictions. Rather, controls demonstrated modest increases in overall cortical activity post-stimulus, while patients demonstrated decreases that were even more pronounced for KC+ trials. Beta activity was marginally higher in controls, and for KC+ trials for both groups. The smallest beta power increase was to trauma stimuli for both groups; in controls, beta activity increased most to neutral stimuli. Tonic heart rate was found to be (marginally) elevated in patients. There was no impact on initial HR decelerations, but analysis of the ensuing HR acceleration revealed a main effect of K-complex type (greater HR increases for K+ trials) and stimulus type (significantly higher increases to neutral stimuli), Results suggest sleep-related information processing is altered in PTSD and conflicting evidence for cortical and autonomic hyperarousal during sleep in PTSD, although further research is necessary to establish the generalizability to other populations (such as acute PTSD or other anxiety disorders).
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Ahrens, Anika. "A randomized clinical trial of the treatment of obstructive sleep apnoea using oral appliances." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2011. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B47849599.
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Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is the most common sleep-related breathing disorder and is associated with a range of adverse physical, social and psychological outcomes that affect quality of life (QoL). Two systematic reviews of the literature (part of this thesis work) found there is conflicting evidence of how different mandibular advancement device (MAD) designs features may affect clinical and subjective OSA outcomes in certain patients. Therefore, a randomized cross-over trial was conducted. Firstly, the correlation between clinical OSA indicators and QOL was explored among patients referred for OSA treatment using MADs. In addition, associations of OSA risk factors, dental status and demographic variables with clinical OSA indicators and QoL indices were determined. Secondly, the efficacy of two different MADs in the treatment of adult OSA patients was assessed and compared. Thirdly, the efficacy of the two MADs in the treatment of adult OSA patients from the subjective perspective of their bed partners was determined.
A consecutive sample of 45 adult OSA patients referred from Queen Mary Hospital Sleep Centre to the Prince Philip Dental Hospital for oral appliance therapy was recruited and treated with a monobloc MAD and a twinblock MADs for a period of 3 months per MAD (cross-over randomised trial). Changes in clinical OSA outcomes were assessed by polysomnography (PSG) and changes in subjective outcomes by the disease-specific Sleep Apnoea Quality of Life Index (SAQLI) questionnaire, the Functional Outcome of Sleep Questionnaire (FOSQ) and Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS). Patient compliance, side-effects and MAD preference, as well as MAD treatment impact on the patients’ bed partner was also assessed.
At baseline, some clinical OSA indicators, subjective QoL and certain OSA risk factors were significantly correlated (p<0.05). There were significant variations in clinical OSA indicators and subjective QoL indices with respect to certain risk factors (p<0.05), demographic variables (p<0.05) and dental status (p<0.01).
There was a significant difference in favour of the monobloc MAD in terms of improving the apnoea-hypopnoea index (AHI) (p<0.05) and oxygen desaturation index (ODI) (p<0.01). Significantly more patients achieved clinical treatment success with the monobloc compared to the twinblock (p<0.05). Both MADs were efficacious in improving patients’ SAQLI score (p<0.01), FOSQ score (p<0.01) and ESS score (p<0.01). Significantly more patients achieved QoL treatment success with the monobloc (p<0.05) compared to the twinblock. More patients were ‘very satisfied’ with the monobloc treatment (p<0.05) and 63% preferred it to the twinblock.
No significant difference was found between patients’ and bed partners perceptions of symptom improvement post treatment, however, the monobloc resulted in a significant reduction in bed partners’ daytime sleepiness (p<0.01) and allowed significantly more co-sleeping at night (p<0.05).
This study concluded that the monobloc is superior in improving subjective QoL and clinical OSA indicators. The monobloc was the preferred MAD and patients were more satisfied with it; bed partners rated this MAD as superior in improving their own daytime sleepiness and co-sleeping.published_or_final_version
Dentistry
Doctoral
Doctor of Philosophy
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Moore, Melisa. "The Relationship Between Sleep Time, Sleepiness, and Psychological Functioning in Adolescents." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1147196371.
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Boland, Elaine. "Sleep Disruption in Cognitive and Occupational Functioning in Bipolar Disorder." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2014. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/283354.
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PsychologyPh.D.
Bipolar Disorder is frequently associated with a number of poor outcomes including, but not limited to, a significant impairment in the ability to return to premorbid levels of occupational and psychosocial functioning, often despite the remission of mood symptoms. An extensive line of research has pointed toward deficits in cognitive functioning as playing an important role in this persistent disability, with a number of studies demonstrating the presence of numerous cognitive impairments during the inter-episode period. Also present during affective episodes as well as the inter-episode periods are reports of pervasive sleep disturbance. Sleep disturbance has been associated with the onset of manic episodes and is an oft-reported prodrome of illness onset. Despite the presence of deficits in these two domains of functioning during affective episodes as well as the inter-episode phase, there has been no evaluation of the degree to which these systems may interact to maintain such high rates of functional disability. The current study attempted to integrate these three separate lines of research to examine the role sleep disruption plays in both cognitive and occupational functioning in individuals with bipolar disorder. Seventy-two males and females with bipolar disorder in the euthymic phase (n=24), primary insomnia (n=24) or no psychological or medical diagnoses (n=24) completed a week of prospective assessment of sleep disruption via self-report and actigraphy. At the culmination of the sleep assessment period, all participants were administered a battery of neuropsychological tests of executive functioning, working memory, verbal learning, and attention. Additionally, participants completed self-reports of mood symptoms and current and lifetime occupational functioning. Results were mixed relative to hypotheses. Data supports persistent sleep disturbance among individuals with bipolar disorder when assessed via self-report, but no significant differences were observed compared to controls when assessed via actigraphy. Bipolar participants exhibited significantly poorer performance on measures of verbal learning and working memory, but no other cognitive deficits were observed relative to insomnia and control participants. Bipolar participants had a greater lifetime history of being fired compared to insomnia or control participants, and deficits in executive inhibition and switching were associated with increased lifetime firings across the sample. Sleep disturbance, either subjective or objective, failed to mediate this association. Findings are partially consistent with previous reports of persistent sleep disturbance and cognitive impairment among individuals with BD in the euthymic phase. More research should be conducted to better understand the underpinnings of functional impairment in BD.
Temple University--Theses
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Neu, Daniel. "Clinical contribution to the study of slow wave sleep in chronic fatigue." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/270979.
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Objectives: To investigate slow wave sleep (SWS) spectral power proportions in distinct clinical conditions sharing non-restorative sleep and fatigue complaints without excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS), namely the Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS) and Primary Insomnia (PI). Impaired sleep homeostasis has been suspected in both CFS and PI. Methods: We compared perceived sleep quality, fatigue and sleepiness symptom-intensities, polysomnography (PSG) and SWS spectral power distributions of drug-free CFS and PI patients without comorbid sleep or mental disorders, with a good sleeper control group.Results: Higher fatigue without EDS and impaired perceived sleep quality were confirmed in both patient groups. PSG mainly differed in sleep fragmentation and SWS durations. Spectral analysis revealed a similar decrease in central ultra slow power (0.3-0.79Hz) proportion during SWS for both CFS and PI and an increase in frontal power proportions of faster frequencies during SWS in PI only. The latter was correlated to affective symptoms whereas lower central ultra slow power proportions were related to fatigue severity and sleep quality impairment. Conclusions: In combination with normal (PI) or even increased SWS durations (CFS), we found consistent evidence for lower proportions of slow oscillations during SWS in PI and CFS. Significance:Observing normal or increased SWS durations but lower proportions of ultra slow power, our findings suggest a possible quantitative compensation of altered homeostatic regulation.Doctorat en Sciences de la motricité
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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Harbison, Joseph Augustine. "The course, associations and clinical significance of sleep disordered breathing following stroke." Thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.270779.
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kuo, Tracy F. "Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) and neuropsychological function: A community sample study." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/284215.
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This is a case-control study investigating the relationship of sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) to neuropsychological functioning. Participants were recruited from the Tucson Sleep Heart Health Study (SHHS), which is a population-based study examining cardiovascular consequences of SDB. A sample of 103 men and women, ages 40-75, consisting of 51 controls (CTL group) and 52 persons with SDB (SDB group), matched by age (± 5 years) and sex, was enrolled. CTL subjects had a respiratory disturbance index (RDI), a measure of SDB, ≤ 5 while the SDB subjects had a RDI 20 to 50, inclusive. All participants had an overnight in-home polysomnography (PSG) prior to undergoing a neuropsychological evaluation. Psychological functioning was assessed and the areas of cognitive functioning that were tested included general intelligence, attention and working memory, psycho-visuo-motor efficiency, manual dexterity, and frontal/executive function. The SDB group performed significantly worse on the Stroop Color-Word test, made more errors on the Controlled Oral Word Association test, and overestimated time elapsed. The SDB group also demonstrated a statistical trend ( p ≤ 0.10) for worse performance on Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale - III Digit Span, Letter-Number Sequencing and Digit Symbol Coding subtests, and the non-dominant hand performance on the Grooved Pegboard. Factor analyses were performed to reduce the number of neuropsychological variables and measures of SDB. Controlling for IQ, multiple regression analyses showed a significant negative association between a "nocturnal hypoxemia" factor and both "manual dexterity" and "semantic memory" factors. The results suggest that persons with moderate SDB, compared to controls, did not report increased depression or other aspects of psychological distress. SDB is, however, associated with subtle neuropsychological decrements in frontal/executive function, psycho-visuo-motor efficiency, and working memory. The performance decrement in tasks of frontal executive function and manual dexterity was primarily associated with nocturnal hypoxemia and not to the frequency of sleep fragmentation.
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Ruiz, Mylena Teixeira. "Morfologia maxilar em indivÃduos com sÃndrome de apnÃia obstrutiva do sono." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2008. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=2481.
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FundaÃÃo Cearense de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Cientifico e TecnolÃgicoO objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a presenÃa de parÃmetros morfolÃgicos maxilares na SÃndrome da ApnÃia Obstrutiva do Sono (SAOS) A amostra consistiu nos modelos de gesso da maxila de 23 indivÃduos (11 masculinos e 12 femininos) com diagnÃstico polissonogrÃfico de SÃndrome da ApnÃia Obstrutiva do Sono leve 34 indivÃduos (17 masculinos e 17 femininos) com sÃndrome moderada e 17 indivÃduos com sÃndrome grave (14 masculinos e 3 femininos) O grupo controle era composto por modelos de gesso da maxila de 50 jovens brasileiros de ambos os sexos com oclusÃo normal e sem indÃcios de SÃndrome da ApnÃia Obstrutiva do Sono Os resultados encontrados demonstraram que os parÃmetros morfolÃgicos da maxila avaliados nÃo apresentaram associaÃÃo com o Ãndice de apnÃia e hipopnÃia (IAH) mas ocorreram menores dimensÃes transversais da arcada dentÃria superior principalmente ao nÃvel de molares associado a um aumento da dessaturaÃÃo de oxi-hemoglobina (SaO2mÃn)IndivÃduos com SÃndrome da ApnÃia Obstrutiva do Sono tambÃm apresentaram dimensÃes transversais da maxila mais estreitas e maior profundidade do palato na regiÃo de prÃ-molares e molares quando comparados ao grupo controle
The objective of this study was to verify the presence of maxillary morphologic parameters on the Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome (OSA) The sample was consisted on maxilla dental models of 23 individuals (11 males and 12 females) with the polyssonographic diagnosis of mild SAOS, 34 individuals (17 males and 17 females) with moderate SAOS and 17 individuals with severe SAOS (14 males and 3 females) Measures of maxilla dental models of 50 young Brazilians were used for the control group, both males and females and with normal occlusion and without any indication OSA The results found show that the maxillary morphologic parameters evaluated didnât show the association with the apnea/hypopnea index (AHI) but minor transversal dimensions of the maxilla mainly at the level of the molars associated to the increase of the dessaturation of oxyhemoglobin (minSaO2) The individuals with OSA also presented maxilla transversal dimensions narrower and more height on the palate at the region of pre-molars and molars when compared to the control group
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Viens, Marcel J. "Generalized anxiety and sleep-onset insomnia: Evaluation of treatment using anxiety management training." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/20931.
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Tininenko, Jennifer R. 1978. "Actigraphic evaluation of sleep disturbance in young children." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/8336.
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xiv, 111 p. A print copy of this title is available through the UO Libraries. Search the library catalog for the location and call number.Sleep studies have rarely explored individual differences in sleep disruption and associated outcomes at early ages. In two studies, this dissertation addresses both of these limitations using actigraphy, an activity-derived assessment of sleep, to increase understanding of negative impacts of sleep on early development. Study 1 investigated sleep disruption in foster children and sleep-related treatment outcomes of the Multidimensional Treatment Foster Care for Preschoolers (MTFC-P) intervention program. Study 2 explored individual differences in the associations among sleep, children's behavior, and neurohormonal activity. Four groups of participants ages 3- to 7-years-old were included in both studies: (1) Regular foster care (RFC; n=15); (2) MTFC-P intervention (TFC; n= 17); (3) Low-income community (LIC; n= 18); and 4. Middle-income community (MIC; n=29). Results of Study 1 indicated greater sleep disruption in foster groups, as evidenced by longer sleep latencies and increased variability of sleep duration, in the TFC group than in community groups. There was also indication of a treatment effect as the TFC group slept longer than RFC and LIC groups and had earlier bedtimes, fell asleep earlier, and spent more time in bed than either community group. LIC children had marginally more active sleep than MIC children, indicating a possible role for socioeconomic status in sleep quality. In Study 2, correlational and causal modeling approaches were used to investigate associations among sleep disruption, problem behaviors, and diurnal cortisol. Influences of foster care placement, gender, and age were also examined as potential individual difference factors. Results of mixed linear autoregressive models indicated that children were more likely to display inattentive/hyperactive behaviors after shortened sleep durations. Furthermore, at lower sleep durations, differences among care groups and genders emerged as children in foster care and males were at heightened risk for inattentive/hyperactive behavior problems. No associations between sleep and disruptive problem behaviors were found and there were few associations with morning and evening cortisol values. Results of these studies are discussed in terms of the effectiveness of the MTFC-P program for addressing sleep problems in foster children. Additionally, clinical implications of the heightened likelihood of inattentive/hyperactive behavior problems after disrupted sleep in some children are discussed.
Adviser: Phil Fisher
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Bozzay, Melanie L. "Linking Sleep and Aggression: The Role of Response Inhibition and Emotional Processing." Scholar Commons, 2019. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/7748.
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Although shorter sleep duration is theorized to increase the risk of engaging in aggressive behavior, experimental studies examining this relationship yield conflicting findings. Since sleep serves in part to regulate the functioning of prefrontal brain regions, insufficient sleep may deleteriously impact the individual’s ability to inhibit rash action and alter emotional processing, which could in turn increase aggressive tendencies. However, no studies have examined the extent to which naturally occurring insufficient sleep is linked to aggression or potential mechanisms of this relationship, limiting understanding of and the generalizability of extant findings. Thus, the present study examined whether cognitive (deficits in response inhibition) and emotional processes (increased negative emotional processing) help explain relationships between sleep duration and aggression. Approximately 143 participants between the ages of 18 and 40 were recruited from a larger, grant-funded aggression study. Participants wore Fitbit Flex sleep-tracking devices and kept a sleep diary to monitor sleep duration over a three-day period prior to the laboratory session. At the laboratory session, electrophysiological indices of emotional processing and response inhibition (P3 and N2) were measured via an Emotional Go/No-Go task, and aggression under provocation was measured using a laboratory aggression paradigm. Mixed-model repeated measure ANOVAs tested the relationships between sleep duration, emotional processing, response inhibition, and aggression, controlling for potential confounds (e.g., substance abuse, gender). Path analyses examined whether emotional processing and response inhibition mediated the sleep-aggression relationship. As expected, less sleep duration was associated with greater intensity of aggression observed in the laboratory. Interestingly, despite showing increased inhibition processing towards emotional stimuli, lower sleepers performed similarly across emotional conditions, indicating that the emotional processing biases apparent at lower levels of sleep did not translate to better performance. Moreover, although inhibitory and emotional processing related to sleep and aggression, albeit in somewhat different patterns, these mechanisms did not explain the sleep-aggression link. These results provide the first evidence that shorter sleep duration predicts laboratory aggressive behavior, and preliminarily suggests that shorter sleepers work harder in emotional contexts to inhibit behavior comparably to neutral contexts. Implications of these findings for understanding aggression will be discussed.
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Espie, Colin A. "Behavioural sleep medicine conceptualisations and associated treatment of clinical insomnia disorder in adults." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2013. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/4620/.
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This thesis summarises a selection of forty-two studies [1-42], published by the author during the period 2000-2012, investigating the conceptual basis of Insomnia Disorder, and its evaluation and treatment, principally using cognitive and behavioural interventions. The work reflects a range of research methodologies including experimental, psychometric, qualitative and population-based studies, and randomised controlled trials. Important theoretical contributions to the literature published in this period are also included and reference is made to major textbooks, position papers, and influential chapter contribution.
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Stavitsky, Karina. "Sleep in Parkinson's disease: an examination of clinical correlates and cognition using actigraphy." Thesis, Boston University, 2013. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/12853.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Boston University
PLEASE NOTE: Boston University Libraries did not receive an Authorization To Manage form for this thesis or dissertation. It is therefore not openly accessible, though it may be available by request. If you are the author or principal advisor of this work and would like to request open access for it, please contact us at open-help@bu.edu. Thank you.Sleep-related deficits are common in Parkinson's disease (PD) and significantly affect quality of life. The etiology of sleep problems is not well understood as they may arise from disease-related pathology or from factors such as motor dysfunction or medications. They may also affect the integrity of cognitive processes. In other disorders, actigraphy has emerged as an alternative to polysomnography to measure sleep, raising the question of its ability to capture sleep quality in PD. Study #1 evaluated the validity of actigraphy by examining its association with self-report in 30 patients with PD and 14 normal control participants (NC). For NC, actigraphic sleep variables were not related to any self-reported measures of sleep, a finding consistent with previous reports of over-reporting of sleep problems in older adults. In PD patients these correlations were significant, suggesting that actigraphy is an appropriate method of measuring sleep quality in PD. Study #2 investigated factors associated with sleep disturbance using actigraphy and questionnaire measures in 35 PD patients. Motor symptom severity and dopaminergic medication dosages were significantly related to sleep quality. Other factors affecting sleep were disease subtypes, with non-tremor onset patients reporting worse sleep quality than tremor-onset patients, and gender, with men having worse sleep quality and more excessive daytime sleepiness than women. Actigraphy identified individuals with possible REM behavior disorder, a sleep disorder that is implicated in early detection of PD. Study #3 investigated the association between actigraphic sleep measures and cognition in 36 PD patients and 18 NC participants. Executive dysfunction was predicted by sleep efficiency and not by motor symptom severity, medication dosage or disease duration. For memory, by contrast, motor symptom severity and disease duration but not sleep quality predicted performance. For psychomotor function, none of the variables significantly predicted performance. The relation of sleep and cognition in PD varied with gender and motor symptom subtypes. Taken together, these studies show actigraphy to be a valid method of assessing sleep quality in non-demented PD patients, indicate the relation of sleep to motor symptom severity, medication, gender, and disease subtypes, and demonstrate that sleep disturbances in PD significantly predict cognitive functioning.
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O'leary, Kimberly. "Disentangling the Impact of Poor Sleep from Depressive Symptoms on Emotion Regulation." Scholar Commons, 2019. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/7875.
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Depressive symptoms and sleep are both strongly associated with deficits in emotional functioning (Durmer & Dinges, 2005; van der Helm & Walker, 2010). Although sleep and depression are tightly intertwined, understanding their independent and conjoint impact on emotional functioning is imperative. Given the limitations of previous designs, the primary goal of this study was to examine the separate impact of poor sleep quality and depressive symptoms on emotion regulation. In order to accomplish this goal, we preselected groups on the basis of their sleep and depression profiles: individuals with mainly sleep problems (N = 30), individuals with mainly depressive symptoms (N = 10), individuals who scored highly on both problems (N = 37), as well as individuals who are low on both problems (N = 33). Main predictions were that sleep would be uniquely associated with poor trait and laboratory emotion regulation. Results were contrary to hypotheses in that we found main effects of depression on all self-reported measures of emotion regulation and a main effect of sleep on rumination alone. Sleep and depression both predicted affective consequences of laboratory emotion regulation but in the opposite of the expected direction: greater severity scores predicted more benefit from instructed emotion regulation strategy use in the laboratory. Further discussion centers on the complexity of sleep problems and future directions for a greater understanding of sleep within emotion regulation.
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Svensson, Karl-Johan. "The Relation Between Physical Exercise and Sleep Physiology in Non-Clinical Individuals : A Review." Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för kommunikation och information, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-6410.
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This essay reviews scientific literature regarding the possible effect of exercise on sleep physiology in non-clinical individuals. Exercise and sleep as research phenomena in the literature is examined, documented experimental evidence and theories on the possible mechanisms of a sleep-exercise relationship is reviewed, and suggestions for future research is made. Exercise and sleep are wide-ranging phenomena with a multitude of variables and aspects, making them difficult to research. Although exercise having historically and popularly being favorably associated with sleep, the objective scientific evidence for such a relationship is conflicting.This possibly due to studies using differing methods of various quality and focusing on different aspects of the object of research. There are several theories regarding how an exercise-sleep connection could function, none has yet to be substantiated by existing evidence.
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Nelson, Ashley M. "Sleep Disruption Among Cancer Patients Following Autologous Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation." Scholar Commons, 2016. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/6547.
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Background: Sleep disruption is one of the most commonly reported quality of life concerns among cancer patients who have undergone hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Despite the high percentage of patients reporting sleep concerns, relatively little research has characterized sleep problems or explored relationships with psychological factors. In addition, no studies have used actigraph technology to characterize sleep issues among transplant recipients.
Method: Autologous HSCT recipients who were 6 to 18 months post-transplant were invited to participate. Patients completed self-report measures of cancer-related distress, fear of cancer recurrence, dysfunctional cognitions about sleep, and maladaptive sleep behaviors upon enrollment, wore an actigraph and completed a sleep log at home for 7 days, and completed a self-report measure of sleep disruption on day 7 of the study.
Results: 84 autologous HSCT recipients (age M = 60, 45% female) were enrolled and provided complete data. Forty-one percent of patients met criteria for sub-clinical or clinical insomnia based on patient self-report. Examination of actigraph data indicated that certain aspects of sleep were poorer than others (wake after sleep onset M = 66 minutes; total sleep time M = 6.5 hours; sleep efficiency M = 78%; sleep onset latency M = 21 minutes). Measures of cancer-related distress, fear of cancer recurrence, cognitive distortions, and maladaptive behavioral patterns were related to subjectively reported sleep disruption, p’s < .05, but were not related to objectively measured sleep disruption. Further examination revealed that the cognitive and behavioral factors accounted for the largest unique variance in subjectively reported sleep disruption.
Conclusion: Results from the present study suggest that many HSCT recipients continue to experience sleep disruption during the survivorship period following transplant. Cancer-specific factors, dysfunctional cognitions about sleep, and maladaptive sleep behaviors were related to self-reported sleep disruption and are ripe targets for a cognitive behavioral intervention.
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Bandel, Shelby LeeAnn. "Poor Sleep as a Predictor of NSSI and Suicide Ideation in Adolescents." TopSCHOLAR®, 2018. https://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/3051.
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Despite becoming a greater public health concern, the suicide rate among adolescents has not decreased significantly in recent years (Center for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2015). In fact, suicide is the second leading cause of death for individuals between 12-18 years (CDC, 2015). Nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI), the deliberate destruction of one’s own body tissue without suicidal intent and for reasons not socially sanctioned (Nock, 2009), has been identified as a robust predictor of suicide, above and beyond other risk factors such as depression and hopelessness (Asarnow et al., 2011; Guan, Fox, & Prinstein, 2012). Therefore, understanding risk factors for NSSI is an important area of research not only for prevention of NSSI, but also suicide. Recently, an association between poor sleep and suicide ideation in adolescents has been highlighted (Franic, Kralj, Marcinko, Knez, & Kardum, 2014; Park, Yoo, & Kim, 2013). However, very little attention, both globally and within the United States, has been given to understanding the impact sleep may have on NSSI. Given the strong role that emotion regulation has been identified as having in both poor sleep and NSSI separately, it is important to look at the interaction of these two factors in the prediction of NSSI. Data were collected from 154 adolescents in high school. Results indicated that poor sleep was a significant predictor of both NSSI engagement and self-reported suicide ideation. Additionally, emotion regulation successfully moderated the relationship between poor sleep quality and suicide ideation severity. Results support that sleep is an important risk factor for NSSI engagement and suicide ideation and that emotion regulation may play an important role in strengthening the relationship for between sleep and suicide ideation only. These findings suggest that clinicians should be aware of and work with their clients on both emotion regulation and sleep quality to reduce risk of NSSI engagement and suicide ideation.
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Peterman, Jeremy Scott. "The Effects of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Youth Anxiety on Sleep Problems." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2016. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/401478.
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PsychologyPh.D.
Research supports shared neurological, cognitive, and environmental features among youth with sleep-related problems (SRPs) and anxiety. Despite overlap in interventions for SRPs and anxiety, little is known about the secondary benefit on SRPs following anxiety-focused treatment. The present study examined whether SRPs improved following cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) for youth with anxiety disorders. It also examined whether variables that may link anxiety and sleep problems (e.g. pre-sleep arousal, family accommodation, sleep hygiene) changed across treatment, and whether said changes predicted SRPs at posttreatment. Youth were diagnosed with anxiety at pretreatment and received weekly CBT that targeted their principal anxiety diagnosis at one of two specialty clinics (N = 69 completers, Mage = 10.86, 45% males). Youth completed a sleep diary between pretreatment and session one and again one week prior to posttreatment. All other measures were administered in the first session and at the posttreatment assessment. Results indicated that parent-reported SRPs improved from pre- to post-treatment and that treatment responders yielded greater improvement than nonresponders. Specific areas of bedtime resistance and sleep anxiety showed significant improvement. Youth reported lower rates of SRPs and no pre- to post-treatment changes. Pre-sleep arousal and parental accommodation decreased over treatment but did not predict lower SRPs at posttreatment. However, higher accommodation positively correlated with greater SRPs. Sleep hygiene evidenced no change and did not mediate accommodation and posttreatment SRPs. Clinical implications for the treatment of anxious youth are discussed and suggestions for future research are offered.
Temple University--Theses
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Mulvaney, Shelagh. "Behavioral and cognitive correlates of sleep-disordered breathing in a community sample of school children." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/280100.
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Sleep disordered breathing has been related to problems with memory, attention, executive function and mood disturbance in adults. Similar cognitive as well as behavioral deficits have been hypothesized as daytime consequences of SDB in children. The cognitive and behavioral manifestation of SDB in children may appear similar to ADHD with decrements in attention and increased behavioral impulsivity and hyperactivity. SDB is ideally measured using some combination of reduced airflow, hypoxemia, and sleep fragmentation from overnight polysomnography, although some researchers have used parent report to create research samples. Currently, few pediatric studies exist that examine behavior and cognition in the presence of overnight polysomnographic data. The present study was derived from the Tucson Children's Assessment of Sleep Apnea (TuCASA) which was broadly designed to determine the prevalence of SDB and it's correlates in normal school children ages 6-12. The present analyses were designed to relate SDB as a whole as well as its components to sustained attention and behavior in that population. In addition, the relationship between sleepiness and hyperactivity was examined, as these are two seemingly incongruent manifestations of SDB. Measures of attention and behavior included the Test of Everyday Attention for Children (TEACh), the PVT-192, and the Conners' Parent Rating Scales-Revised. Results indicated that for children with elevated respiratory disturbance indexes (RDI), problems of attention and behavior did not reach clinically relevant levels. However, children were much more likely to show significantly higher levels of a variety of behavioral problems given an elevated RDI. In general linear models, the interaction of two components of SDB predicted performance on two measures of sustained attention, and predicted parent rated levels of Psychosomatic Complaints and Perfectionism. Sleepiness and hyperactivity were not related to each other. Behavioral manifestations of SDB tended to vary with age. Older children showed increased behavior problems at the highest levels of SDB while younger children showed decreased behavior problems. Overall, these results indicate that even in healthy children variation in sleep related breathing may be related to daytime cognition function and behavioral regulation.
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Hoekema, Aarnoud. "Oral-appliance therapy in obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome a clinical study on therapeutic outcomes /." [S.l. : [Groningen : s.n.] ; University Library Groningen] [Host], 2007. http://irs.ub.rug.nl/ppn/300340222.
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Bazel, Blake. "Analyzing the Relationship between Non-clinical Narcissism and Creativity, and the Development of Two Creativity Measures." NSUWorks, 2009. http://nsuworks.nova.edu/cps_stuetd/6.
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The goals of the dissertation studies were to allow for psychologists and educators to better understand the relationship between non-clinical narcissism and creativity, and to develop two promising creativity measures. The results confirmed the hypothesis that there would be a positive, moderate correlation between non-clinical narcissism and creativity. Consequently, this could allow for researchers to more fully understand the components of creativity, and support the need for creativity measures to better account for non-clinical narcissism. Two measures were introduced to consider creativity in terms of feelings and thoughts, and non-clinical narcissism attributes of past creative individuals. The Creativity Attributes List (CAL) and the Creative Individual Assessment (CIA) differ from previously established creativity measurements, which use the current impressions of the achievements of contemporary people as their criterion. There were 147 participants in a study that examined the two measures and the relationship between non-clinical narcissism and creativity. Additionally, the experimenter attempted to increase short-term creativity by exposing participants to photographs of paintings with unconventional shape designs that depict both the mindsets and art of creative persons; albeit, the results did not indicate a significant difference in the movement of creativity scores for either the experimental or control group. The double-blind experiment with 80 participants was conducted independently from the aforementioned studies. The Appendices include three papers that were based on the data collected from the psychometric studies and experiment. They were submitted to refereed psychology journals. The first paper pertains to emotional arousal and creativity, the second paper pertains to sleep deprivation in graduate school students, and the third paper explores variables that have a significant relationship with creativity in graduate students. There are graphs and tables in the Appendices that explain the MANOVA and correlation results of the CIA attributes that had a significant relationship to either the Khatena Torrance - Creative Perception Inventory Something About Myself measurement (KTCPI-SAM) and/or the Khatena - Morse Multitalent Perception Inventory Creative Imagination scale (KMMPI - CI). Additionally, tables in the Appendices present the results of multiple regression analyses performed on selected attributes from the CAL assessment and factor analyses of the measurements introduced in the studies.
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Badgley, Jennifer Ayala Chute Douglas L. "Sleep-disordered breathing in children and adolescents with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and its association with executive functioning /." Philadelphia, Pa. : Drexel University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1860/2802.
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Ravyts, Scott. "Sleep and Pain in Older Adults: The Role of Negative and Positive Affect." VCU Scholars Compass, 2017. https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/5170.
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Poor sleep is known to contribute to increased levels of pain. Preliminary findings suggest that negative and positive affect may mediate this relationship. Given that older adults are prone to both sleep disturbance and pain, the main objectives of the present study were to: 1) examine the relationship between sleep and pain in a non-clinical pain sample of community-dwelling older adults and 2) to examine whether negative and positive affect mediate the relationship between sleep and pain. Baseline measures from 82 older adults participating in the Active Adult Mentoring Project (AAMP) were used for secondary data analysis. A daily sleep diary was used to assess sleep efficiency (SE), total wake time (TWT), total sleep time (TST), and sleep quality (SQ). Affect was measured using the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS), while pain was assessed on an 11-point Likert-scale. Findings only partially corroborated past research; SE, SQ, and TWT each predicted pain, while TST did not. In addition, neither positive nor negative affect was found to mediate the relationship between sleep and pain. Methodological and theoretical explanation for the lack of significant mediation are discussed. Nevertheless, the findings suggest that the assessment and treatment of poor sleep among older adults with pain may be clinically relevant.
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Gervais, Mhairi. "Sleep problems in adults with intellectual disabilities : an exploratory analysis of support workers' causal attributions, sleep quality and treatment acceptability : major research project and clinical research portfolio." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2010. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/2129/.
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Background: Sleep has been found to have an important restorative function. Any disturbance to sleep can be detrimental to both physical and mental health. Between 9-50% of adults with intellectual disabilities (ID) are reported to experience sleep disturbance. Support workers have a key role in identifying and responding to difficulties in the people they work with. Support workers' attributions towards the cause of these difficulties are crucial in mediating their decision to seek treatment. Their attributions may also mediate their adherence to a recommended treatment. Hence, their awareness and beliefs regarding sleep difficulties may influence their ability to recognise and seek help for sleep problems in adults they support. Method: This study utilised an exploratory vignette and questionnaire design. Questionnaires were given to 120 support workers, based in community settings, to measure their attributions to negative behaviour change and sleep problems. Support workers' attributional style was compared to their views on the acceptability of a variety of treatments for sleep disturbance. Support workers' own sleep quality was measured and compared to their attributions. Results: Support workers attributed negative behaviour change to sleep and mental health problems most strongly. Sleep problems were believed to be internal, uncontrollable and unintentional. Support workers were optimistic about treatment, particularly non-pharmacological treatments. Support workers' own sleep quality did not correlate with their attributions towards sleep problems or views on the different types of treatment. Conclusions: Support workers are optimistic that sleep problems in adults with ID can be treated, however further work is necessary to understand barriers to seeking out assessment and treatment for clients with ID.
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Gustafsson, Johan. "Finding potential electroencephalography parameters for identifying clinical depression." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Avdelningen för systemteknik, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-256392.
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This master thesis report describes signal processing parameters of electroencephalography (EEG) signals with a significant difference between the signals from the animal model of clinical depression and the non-depressed animal model. The signal from the depressed model had a weaker power in gamma (30 - 80 Hz) than the non-depressed model during awake and it had a stronger power in delta (1.5 - 4 Hz) during sleep. The report describes the process of using visualisation to understand the shape of the signal which helps with interpreting results and helps with the development of parameters. A generic tool for time-frequency analysis was improved to cope with the size of the weeklong EEG dataset. A method for evaluating the quality of how well the EEG parameters are able to separate the strains with as short recordings as possible was developed. This project shows that it is possible to separate an animal model of depression from an animal model of non-depression based on its EEG and that EEG-classifiers may work as indicative classifiers for depression. Not a lot of data is needed. Further studies are needed to verify that the results are not overly sensitive to recording setup and to study to what extent the results are translational. It might be some of the EEG parameters with significant differences described here are limited to describe the difference between the two strains FSL and SD. But the classifiers have reasonable biological explanations that makes them good candidates for being translational EEG-based classifiers for clinical depression.
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Cosgrave, Jan. "Unravelling the links between psychotic-like experiences, sleep and circadian rhythms." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2017. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:0e871ab6-6bbd-48f2-99fd-94ef2df95937.
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Psychotic-like experiences (PLEs) are prevalent occurrences deemed comparable with the symptoms of psychosis, but not sufficiently severe to warrant a diagnosis upon clinical presentation. Their presence is associated with several adverse clinical outcomes: the onset of various common mental health disorders (e.g. anxiety, mood, substance abuse), poorer functioning, non-remission and relapse. Sleep and circadian rhythm disruption (SCRD) is observed in 30-80% of patients with psychosis. The omnipotence of SCRD across all phases of the disorder (including the prodromal, acute, chronic and residual phases) raises the question as to whether SCRD may directly contribute to the development of psychosis. Assuming that PLEs are along the same continuum to developing psychosis, a logical next step to further disentangle the sleep-psychosis relationship is to examine whether SCRD relates to the experience of PLEs and whether this relationship is bi-directional. This thesis begins by examining the core predictions made by a continuum model of understanding psychosis and how specific parameters of sleep may influence PLEs. A smaller high-definition cross-sectional study follows, examining biological underpinnings (electroencephalography (EEG), electrocardiography (ECG), endogenous melatonin rhythms and actigraphy) of a complaint of poor sleep and their relation to the occurrence of PLEs. We then refocus on which parameters of sleep are most integral to the sleep-PLE relationship and close with an investigation of how Hypothalamic Pituitary Adrenal (HPA) axis activity may further our knowledge of this relationship. The findings of this thesis demonstrate specificity in the parameters of sleep shown to impact certain PLEs. The importance of objective sleep and biologically driven measures in this line of research are underscored, with group differences in EEG, ECG and melatonin. This thesis also highlights dissociative symptomatology as a candidate mediator for the sleep-psychosis relationship, and emphasises the ties between paranoia and negative affect. Finally, this thesis also illuminates the challenges of examining the relationship between sleep and PLEs in isolation, and suggests that they must be considered within the broader framework of co-existing mental health problems.
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Lao, Chan Fong. "Healthy sleep pattern of Macao's college students : application of the theory of planned behavior." Thesis, University of Macau, 2012. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b2589441.
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