Journal articles on the topic 'Sleep; children; behaviour'
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Bayes, Danielle M., and Ben Bullock. "Sleep Problems in School Aged Children: A Common Process across Internalising and Externalising Behaviours?" Clocks & Sleep 2, no. 1 (December 20, 2019): 7–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/clockssleep2010002.
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Sleep problems are common in childhood and impact cognitive, psychological and physical wellbeing. The current study investigated the association between sleep problems and internalising and externalising behaviour in 114 school-aged children (5–12 years) from four primary schools in Melbourne, Australia. Data were collected using the Sleep Disorder Inventory for Students to measure sleep and the Conners Behavior Rating Scale to assess behaviour, both by parent report. Hierarchical regression analysis, controlling for socioeconomic status and age, identified moderate associations between sleep problems and emotional distress, aggressive behaviour and hyperactivity/impulsivity. Findings suggest screening for sleep problems in children presenting clinically with behavioural issues is a potentially important clinical practice. Additionally, results support the elaboration of transdiagnostic theory, whereby sleep problems are a common process in both internalising and externalising behaviour in children.
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King, Christian. "Soft drinks consumption and child behaviour problems: the role of food insecurity and sleep patterns." Public Health Nutrition 20, no. 2 (August 30, 2016): 266–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980016002093.
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AbstractObjectiveTo examine whether the association between soft drinks consumption and child behaviour problems differs by food security status and sleep patterns in young children.DesignCross-sectional observational data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study (FFCWS), which collected information on food insecurity, soft drinks consumption, sleep patterns and child behaviour problems. Bivariate and multivariate ordinary least-squares regression analyses predicting child behaviour problems and accounting for socio-economic factors and household characteristics were performed.SettingTwenty urban cities in the USA with a population of 200 000 or more.SubjectsParental interviews of 2829 children who were about 5 years old.ResultsSoft drinks consumption was associated with aggressive behaviours, withdrawn and attention problems for children aged 5 years. However, the association differed by food security status. The association was mostly statistically insignificant among food-secure children after accounting for socio-economic and demographic characteristics. On the other hand, soft drinks consumption was associated with behaviour problems for food-insecure children even after accounting for these factors. However, after accounting for child sleep patterns, the association between soft drinks consumption and child behaviour problems became statistically insignificant for food-insecure children.ConclusionsThe negative association between soft drinks consumption and child behaviour problems could be explained by sleep problems for food-insecure children. Since about 21 % of households with children are food insecure, targeted efforts to reduce food insecurity would help improve dietary (reduce soft drinks consumption) and health behaviours (improve sleep) and reduce child behaviour problems.
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Aishworiya, Ramkumar, Pofun Chan, Jennifer Kiing, Shang Chee Chong, Armi G. Laino, and Stacey KH Tay. "Sleep Behaviour in a Sample of Preschool Children in Singapore." Annals of the Academy of Medicine, Singapore 41, no. 3 (March 15, 2012): 99–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.47102/annals-acadmedsg.v41n3p99.
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Introduction: Sleep problems are common in all ages, but may be particularly acute in urban Singapore. This study aims to describe the sleep behaviour of, and to identify any sleep problems in, preschool children. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional questionnaire survey of 372 children attending local childcare centers. The questionnaire was based on the Children’s Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ), a validated parent-report sleep screening questionnaire that contains 54 items identifying sleep behaviours in children. Results: A total of 372 (40.0%) children participated. The mean age was 4.1 (SD 1.3) years (range, 2 to 6 years). Average total sleep duration was 10.8 hours (SD 1.1) with average night-time sleep duration of 8.5 hours (SD 0.6) and average nap duration of 1.6 hours (SD 1.0). Co-sleeping was common; 80.9% of children shared a room with someone else. The most common sleep problems were in the domains of sleep resistance and morning behaviour; namely: requiring company to fall asleep (n = 272, 73.1%), being afraid to sleep alone (n = 228, 61.6%) and difficulty in waking up (n = 165, 44.4%). Among parents, 84.1 % (n = 313) perceived that their child’s sleep duration was adequate. Conclusion: The duration of sleep in the Singaporean preschool population sampled is significantly lower than recommended values and that of previously described Caucasian populations. Parental perception of sleep adequacy deviates from current recommendations. Given the clear relation of sleep duration with cognitive functioning, learning, and physical growth, this sleep deprivation should be addressed with parental education and opportunistic screening of sleep in well-child follow-ups. Key words: Co-sleeping, Sleep duration, Sleep resistance
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Pereira, T., S. Martins, and L. Fernandes. "Sleep duration and suicidal behavior: A systematic review." European Psychiatry 41, S1 (April 2017): s854. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.1699.
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IntroductionSuicide is a serious public health problem, being the second leading cause of death among 15–29-year-olds. Many risk factors have been associated with suicidal behavior, such as psychiatric disorders, family history of suicide, loss of a close friend/relative, physical/sexual abuse, lack of support network, or sleep disturbances where nightmares and insomnia have been consistently reported to increase the risk of suicidal behaviors.ObjectiveTo conduct a systematic review to examine the association between short sleep duration and suicidal behaviour (suicide ideation/attempt/suicide).MethodsThis is a systematic review of published research articles in the electronic database PubMed in the last 10 years. The query “sleep” or “sleep disorders” and “suicide” was used. Studies that assessed the relation between sleep duration and suicidal behaviour, with a well-defined index for sleep disorders and with an outcome measure of suicidal behavior were included.ResultsOf the 522 references founded, 33 articles met the inclusion criteria (1 review, 1 qualitative and 31 quantitative studies). An association between short sleep duration and suicidal behaviour was found in most of the studies with children/adolescents and adult samples. However, this relation was not verified in the research into the elderly.ConclusionThe results point to a significant association between short sleep time and the presence of suicidal behaviours, for both adults and children/adolescents. The effect of short sleep duration seems to be more consistent with suicidal ideation, but not for attempts, needing further studies to highlight the importance of this link between sleep duration and suicide.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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Draper, Catherine, Simone A. Tomaz, Caylee J. Cook, Sasha S. Jugdav, Candice Ramsammy, Sahba Besharati, Alastair Van Heerden, et al. "Understanding the influence of 24-hour movement behaviours on the health and development of preschool children from low-income South African settings: the SUNRISE pilot study." South African Journal of Sports Medicine 32, no. 1 (August 7, 2020): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2078-516x/2020/v32i1a8415.
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Background: The International Study of Movement Behaviours in the Early Years, SUNRISE, was initiated to assess the extent to which young children meet movement behaviour guidelines (physical activity, sedentary behaviour, screen time, sleep). Objective: The South African SUNRISE pilot study assessed movement behaviours in preschool children from two low-income settings, and associations between these movement behaviours, adiposity, motor skills and executive function (EF).
Methods: Preschool child/parent pairs (n = 89) were recruited from preschools in urban Soweto and rural Sweetwaters. Height and weight were measured to assess adiposity. Physical activity was assessed using accelerometers while sedentary behaviour, screen time and sleep were assessed via parent report. Fine and gross motor development were measured using the Ages and Stages Questionnaire-3, and EF was assessed using the Early Years Toolbox.
Results: The proportion of children meeting the physical activity guideline was 84% , 66% met the sleep guideline ,48% met the screen time guideline , and 26% met all three guidelines. Rural children were more active, but spent more time on screens compared to urban children. Most children were on track for gross (96%) and fine motor (73%) development, and mean EF scores were in the expected range for all EF measures. EF was negatively associated with screen time, and gross motor skills were positively associated with physical activity.
Conclusion: The South African SUNRISE study contributes to the growing literature on 24-hour movement behaviours in SA preschool children, and highlights that these behaviours require attention in this age group.
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Chawla, Jasneek K., Anne Bernard, Helen Heussler, and Scott Burgess. "Sleep, Function, Behaviour and Cognition in a Cohort of Children with Down Syndrome." Brain Sciences 11, no. 10 (October 4, 2021): 1317. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11101317.
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Objective: To describe the sleep problems experienced by children with Down syndrome attending a tertiary sleep clinic and relationship with behaviour, function and cognition. Methods: Data were collected from children with Down syndrome aged 3–18 years old. Carers completed the Abbreviated Child Sleep Habits Questionnaire, Child Behaviour Checklist and Life-Habits Questionnaire at enrolment. Cognitive assessment (Stanford-Binet 5) was undertaken by a trained psychologist. Children received management for their sleep problem as clinically indicated. Results: Forty-two subjects with a median age of 6.8 years (Interquartile Range-IQR 4.5, 9.8) were enrolled. A total of 92% were referred with snoring or symptoms of Obstructive Sleep Apnoea (OSA), with 79% of those referred having had previous ENT surgery. Thus, 85% of all participants underwent a sleep study and 61% were diagnosed with OSA (OAHI ≥ 1/h). Based on questionnaires, 86% of respondents indicated that their child had a significant sleep disorder and non-respiratory sleep problems were common. Non-respiratory problems included: trouble going to sleep independently (45%), restless sleep (76%), night-time waking (24%) and bedtime resistance (22%). No significant correlations were found between sleep measures (behavioural and medical sleep problems) and the behavioural, functional or cognitive parameters. Conclusion: Sleep disorders were very common, especially non-respiratory sleep problems. OSA was common despite previous surgery. No association was found between sleep-related problems (snoring, sleep-study-confirmed OSA or non-respiratory sleep problem) and parent-reported behavioural problems, functional impairments or intellectual performance. This may reflect limitations of the measures used in this study, that in this population ongoing problems with daytime function are not sleep related or that a cross-sectional assessment does not adequately take into account the impacts of past disease/treatments. Further research is required to further evaluate the tools used to evaluate sleep disorders, the impact of those disorder on children with Down syndrome and interventions which improve both sleep and daytime function.
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De Craemer, Marieke, Duncan McGregor, Odysseas Androutsos, Yannis Manios, and Greet Cardon. "Compliance with 24-h Movement Behaviour Guidelines among Belgian Pre-School Children: The ToyBox-Study." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, no. 10 (October 3, 2018): 2171. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15102171.
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The 24-h day—containing physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep—in pre-school children has not yet been extensively investigated. The aim of the current study was to investigate pre-schoolers’ compliance with the 24-h movement behaviour guidelines (i.e., three hours/day total physical activity, a maximum of one hour/day of screen time and 10–13 h sleep/night). In total, 595 pre-schoolers (53.3% boys, mean age: 4.2 years) provided complete data for the three behaviours. Physical activity was objectively measured with accelerometers, while screen time and sleep were parent-reported through questionnaires. The proportion of pre-schoolers complying with the 24-h movement behaviour guidelines was calculated on weekdays and on weekend days. Low compliance rates were found: 10.1% on weekdays and only 4.3% on weekend days. The majority of pre-schoolers complied with the sleep duration guidelines (>90% on weekdays and weekend days), followed by the screen time guidelines (61% on weekdays and 28% on weekend days). The lowest compliance rates were found for physical activity (<20% on weekdays and weekend days). Overall, low percentages of pre-schoolers complying with the 24-h movement behaviour guidelines were found, and the lowest compliance was found for physical activity.
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Seymour, Frederick W. "Parent Management of Sleep Difficulties in Young Children." Behaviour Change 4, no. 1 (March 1987): 39–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0813483900008597.
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Difficulties in settling children to sleep and night waking are common problems faced by parents with young children. The effectiveness of parent-managed behavioural intervention is examined in this study of four children which employs a multiple-baseline-design across subjects. Components of the intervention included: establishing regular bedtime routines; paying attention to the children before bed in the living areas and staying with the children only briefly when settling them in bed; adopting procedures for ignoring disruptive bedtime behaviour and night waking; and giving praise for appropriate behaviour. Complete success in settling the three children who were difficult at bedtime was achieved in five to fourteen days. Persistent night waking in all four children was eliminated in five to thirteen nights.
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Bennett-Stewart, A. "P017 A Model for Behavioural Sleep Intervention via Telehealth for Children Diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder." SLEEP Advances 3, Supplement_1 (October 1, 2022): A37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleepadvances/zpac029.090.
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Abstract Approximately 1 in 150 people in Australia are diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) (Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, 2017). Studies suggest up to 80% of children diagnosed with ASD experience sleep difficulties (Cortesi et al., 2010). Behavioural sleep intervention is effective to improve sleep difficulties for children diagnosed with ASD (Jin, Hanley & Beaulieu, 2013). Additionally, caregiver support via telehealth can provide clients with greater access and flexibility of services. This paper will explore the current research on behavioural sleep intervention from a Behaviour-Analytic perspective and provide a model for behavioural sleep intervention via telehealth. This three-phase model includes: (1) an initial comprehensive behavioural sleep assessment, including the Sleep Assessment and Treatment Tool (Hanley, 2005) and baseline data collection to gather information on the child’s current sleep schedule and behaviours, (2) supporting caregiver implementation of an individualised behavioural sleep intervention via telehealth, including daily data collection and graphing to monitor efficacy throughout the intervention, and (3) ongoing review and revision alongside the caregiver until their and their child’s sleep goal has been achieved. By providing evidence-based behavioural sleep intervention via telehealth, children diagnosed with ASD can achieve healthy sleep.
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Barnett, A. L., and L. Wiggs. "Sleep behaviour in children with developmental co-ordination disorder." Child: Care, Health and Development 38, no. 3 (June 13, 2011): 403–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2214.2011.01260.x.
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Bianchim, Mayara S., Melitta A. McNarry, Anne Holland, Narelle S. Cox, Julianna Dreger, Alan R. Barker, Craig A. Williams, Sarah Denford, and Kelly A. Mackintosh. "A Compositional Analysis of Physical Activity, Sedentary Time, and Sleep and Associated Health Outcomes in Children and Adults with Cystic Fibrosis." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 9 (April 23, 2022): 5155. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19095155.
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This study sought to investigate the association of light physical activity (LPA), moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), sedentary time (SED), and sleep with lung function in children and adults with CF. In total, 86 children (41 females; 13.6 ± 2.8 years; FEV1%predicted: 86 ± 1%) and 43 adults (21 females; 24.6 ± 4.7 years; FEV1%predicted: 63 ± 21%) with CF participated in this study. Wrist-worn accelerometery was used to assess PA, SED and sleep. Compositional linear regression models were conducted following normalisation via isometric log-ratio transformations. Sequential binary partitioning was applied to investigate the impact of reallocating 10 to 30 min between each behaviour on FEV1%predicted. A decline in FEV1%predicted was predicted with the reallocation of 30 min from MVPA to SED or LPA or sleep to any other behaviour in children (−3.04–−0.005%) and adults (−3.58–−0.005%). Conversely, improvements in FEV1%predicted were predicted when 30 min was reallocated to MVPA from LPA or SED in children (0.12–1.59%) and adults (0.77–2.10%), or when 30 min was reallocated to sleep from any other behaviour in both children (0.23–2.56%) and adults (1.08–3.58%). This study supports the importance of MVPA and sleep for maintaining and promoting lung function in people with CF.
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Dittrichová, Jaroslava, Václav Břicháček, František Mandys, Karel Paul, Daniela Sobotková, Milada Tautermannová, Jiří Vondráček, and Jaroslava Zezuláková. "The Relationship of Early Behaviour to Later Developmental Outcome for Preterm Children." International Journal of Behavioral Development 19, no. 3 (September 1996): 517–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/016502549601900304.
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The present study aimed, first, to analyse in detail early sleep states in 21 preterm infants born before the 33rd week of gestational age and compare them with sleep states in 23 fullterm infants assessed at gestationally matched ages in the first six months. Second, to determine whether analyses of early sleep states in preterm infants may enable identification of infants with future developmental disabilities. In addition to evaluations of perinatal risk factors, neurological condition, psychological development, and social environment during the first year of life, examinations of psychological and neurological development and the assessment of the social environment at 3 and 9 years were carried out. Measures of perinatal status and sleep states up to the age of 40 weeks gestational age did not correlate with outcome measures at 3 and 9 years. However, the polygraphic measures of sleep states at 12 and 24 weeks corrected age, predicted the 3-year developmental outcomes. The complexity of these measures may contribute to their predictive validity for the outcomes at 3 years. Measures of the social environment at 3 and 9 years contributed significantly to the prediction of 9-year developmental outcomes. These results indicate that environmental factors may become more important with age. The detailed analysis of early sleep patterns may enable the early identification of infants who need special care and intervention.
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Sciberras, E., M. Mulraney, F. Mensah, F. Oberklaid, D. Efron, and H. Hiscock. "Sustained impact of a sleep intervention and moderators of treatment outcome for children with ADHD: a randomised controlled trial." Psychological Medicine 50, no. 2 (January 18, 2019): 210–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291718004063.
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AbstractBackgroundWe aim to (1) determine whether a behavioural sleep intervention for children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) leads to sustained benefits; and (2) examine the factors associated with treatment response.MethodsThis study was a randomised controlled trial of 244 children (5–13 years) with ADHD from Victoria, Australia. All participants had a moderate/severe sleep problem that met American Academy of Sleep Medicine criteria for an eligible sleep disorder by parent report. The two-session intervention covered sleep hygiene and standardised behavioural strategies. The control group received usual care. Parent- and teacher-reported outcomes at 12 months included sleep, ADHD severity, quality of life, daily functioning, behaviour, and parent mental health. Adjusted mixed effects regression analyses examined 12 month outcomes. Interaction analyses were used to determine moderators of intervention outcomes over time. The trial was registered with ISRCTN, http://www.controlled-trials.com (ISRCTN68819261).ResultsIntervention children were less likely to have a moderate/severe sleep problem by parent report at 12 months compared to usual care children (28.4% v. 46.5%, p = 0.03). Children in the intervention group fared better than the usual care group in terms of parent-reported ADHD symptoms (Cohen's d: −0.3, p < 0.001), quality of life (d: 0.4, p < 0.001), daily functioning (d: −0.5, p < 0.001), and behaviour (d: −0.3, p = 0.005) 12 months later. The benefits of the intervention over time in terms of sleep were less for children not taking ADHD medication and children with parents experiencing depression.ConclusionsA behavioural sleep intervention for ADHD is associated with small sustained improvements in child wellbeing. Children who are not taking ADHD medication or have parents with depression may require follow-up booster sleep sessions.
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Kubek, Larissa Alice, Patrizia Kutz, Claudia Roll, Boris Zernikow, and Julia Wager. "Applicability of Actigraphy for Assessing Sleep Behaviour in Children with Palliative Care Needs Benchmarked against the Gold Standard Polysomnography." Journal of Clinical Medicine 11, no. 23 (November 30, 2022): 7107. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm11237107.
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In children with life-limiting conditions and severe neurological impairment receiving pediatric palliative care (PPC), the degree to which actigraphy generates meaningful sleep data is uncertain. Benchmarked against the gold standard polysomnography (PSG), the applicability of actigraphy in this complex population was to be assessed. An actigraph was placed on N = 8 PPC patients during one-night polysomnography measurement in a pediatric tertiary care hospital’s sleep laboratory. Patient characteristics, sleep phase data, and respiratory abnormalities are presented descriptively. Bland-Altman plots evaluated actigraphy’s validity regarding sleep onset, sleep offset, wake after sleep onset (WASO), number of wake phases, total sleep time (TST) and sleep efficiency compared to PSG. PSG revealed that children spent most of their time in sleep stage 2 (46.6%) and most frequently showed central apnea (28.7%) and irregular hypopnea (14.5%). Bland-Altman plots showed that actigraphy and PSG gave similar findings for sleep onset, sleep offset, wake after sleep onset (WASO), total sleep time (TST) and sleep efficiency. Actigraphy slightly overestimated TST and sleep efficiency while underestimating all other parameters. Generally, the Actiwatch 2 low and medium sensitivity levels showed the best approximation to the PSG values. Actigraphy seems to be a promising method for detecting sleep problems in severely ill children.
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Mughal, Rabya, Siu Sing Wong, Dagmara Dimitriou, and Elizabeth Halstead. "Nightmares in Children with Foetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders, Autism Spectrum Disorders, and Their Typically Developing Peers." Clocks & Sleep 3, no. 3 (September 16, 2021): 465–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/clockssleep3030033.
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Children with Foetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD) and Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) experience significantly higher rates of sleep disturbances than their typically developing (TD) peers. Pre-sleep anxiety and waking emotional content is known to affect the content and frequency of nightmares, which can be distressing to children and caregivers. This is the first study to analyse nightmare frequency and content in FASD, and to assess its association with psychometric outcomes. Using online caregiver questionnaires, we assessed reports from 277 caregivers of children with ASD (n = 61), FASD (n = 112), and TD children (n = 104) using the Children’s Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ), the Child Behaviour Checklist (CBCL), the Spence Children’s Anxiety Scale (SCAS), and the Behaviour Rating Inventory for Executive Functioning (BRIEF). Within the ASD group, 40.3% of caregivers reported their children had nightmares. Within the FASD group, 73.62% of caregivers reported their children had nightmares, and within the TD group, 21.36% of caregivers reported their children had nightmares. Correlation analysis revealed significant associations between anxiety and nightmares, maladaptive behaviour and nightmares, and executive functioning and nightmares in the TD and FASD groups, but not ASD group. This paper adds to the emerging body of work supporting the need for sleep interventions as part of clinical practice with regard to children with ASD and FASD. As a relatively niche but important area of study, this warrants much needed further research.
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Moore, Sarah A., Leigh M. Vanderloo, Catherine S. Birken, and Laurene A. Rehman. "Reimagining healthy movement in the era of the COVID-19 pandemic." Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention in Canada 42, no. 4 (April 2022): 125–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.24095/hpcdp.42.4.01.
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Does the timing of when children, youth and adults participate in physical activity, sedentary behaviour (e.g. screen time) and sleep matter when it comes to their overall health? This special issue of Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention in Canada includes four papers that present evidence and recommendations on the timing of movement behaviours: three separate systematic reviews exploring the associations between health indicators and the timing of physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep; and a commentary that discusses the importance of this evidence in terms of practice, policy and research. This editorial sets the stage for this special issue, reflecting on the challenges posed by COVID-19-related public health restrictions on healthy movement. Perhaps now is the optimal time to reimagine how and when we engage in physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep to support our health.
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Webb, L., A. Phillips, and J. Roberts. "P157 Modelling the developmental trajectory of infant and child sleep." SLEEP Advances 2, Supplement_1 (October 1, 2021): A72—A73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleepadvances/zpab014.197.
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Abstract Introduction Sleep is important for infant and child neurodevelopment, yet there is a lack of mechanistic understanding of what drives the changes in sleep over the early years of life. While sleep in the adult brain has been studied and modelled extensively, very little has been done in infants and children, mainly limited to descriptive studies of sleep behaviour. Methods We adapted an existing, physiologically based model of adult sleep to study infant and child sleep behaviour. We compared modelled sleep behaviour to published data on sleep characteristics over a range of ages, both cross sectional from 0 to 5 years and densely-sampled individual data in the first year of life. We performed Bayesian inference to estimate the likely physiological parameters underpinning population-level diversity in sleep characteristics as a function of age from 0 to 5 years. We also fitted the model to individual sleep architecture in the first year of life. Results The empirically observed decrease in total sleep duration and consolidation of sleep bouts with increasing age are well explained by decreases in the constant inhibitory input to the ventrolateral preoptic nucleus and increases in the characteristic somnogen clearance time during sleep. Further, our model produced realistic sleep-wake dynamics consistent with early maturation of sleep in the heavily sampled, single infant data. Discussion Our results show that a greater understanding of the neurophysiology of sleep in infants and children can be achieved through the use of physiologically based models.
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Quah, Phaik Ling, Benny Kai Guo Loo, Nurul Syaza Razali, Nurul Sakinah Razali, Chin Chye Teo, and Kok Hian Tan. "Parental perception and guideline awareness of children’s lifestyle behaviours at ages 5 to 14 in Singapore." Annals of the Academy of Medicine, Singapore 50, no. 9 (September 30, 2021): 695–702. http://dx.doi.org/10.47102/annals-acadmedsg.2021134.
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ABSTRACT Introduction: There are limited data on the descriptive lifestyle behaviour of school-age children in Singapore. Methods: A total of 100 parents of children ages 5 to 14 participated in a parents’ proxy-reported survey. Frequency of moderate physical activity (PA) and vigorous PA was assessed, while t-tests or chi-square test was used to examine differences between weekdays and weekends for sleep, screen viewing time (SVT) and sedentary behaviour (SB). Results: Of the 100 children (68% of Chinese ethnicity, 59% boys, mean age 9.1±2.9 years), 31% were overweight or obese, with body mass index z-score of >1. For moderate and vigorous PA participation in a typical week, 32.0% and 43.0%, respectively, did not participate, while median (interquartile range) days of participation were 3 (2–3) days/week and 2 (1–3) days/week for a duration of 60 (interquartile range 30–120) minutes/session. When comparing weekends with weekdays, the means (standard deviation) of both SVT and sleep duration were higher on weekends (SVT: 4.1 [2.9] versus 3.3 [3.1] hours/day, P=0.07; sleep: 8.8 [1.5] vs 8.3 [1.3] hours/day, P=0.02), while there were no significant differences for SB. A higher proportion of children had SB of ≥10 hours/day and slept <8 hours/day on weekdays compared with on weekends (SB: 23.5% vs 20.6%, P>0.05; sleep:18.8% vs 2.1%, P<0.05), while the proportion exceeding SVT of 2 hours/day were higher on weekends than on weekdays (63.8% vs 45.4%, P=0.03). Overall, there was higher parental awareness of sleep guidelines (80.0%), but lower awareness of PA (51.0%) and SVT (59.0%) guidelines. Conclusion: Lifestyle behaviours were suboptimal in Singapore children compared with existing overseas guidelines, indicating a need for an integrated guideline with greater dissemination. Keywords: Childhood and adolescents, integrated guideline, lifestyle behaviours, physical activity, screen viewing time, sleep
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Quah, Phaik Ling, Benny Kai Guo Loo, Nurul Syaza Razali, Nurul Sakinah Razali, Chin Chye Teo, and Kok Hian Tan. "Parental perception and guideline awareness of children’s lifestyle behaviours at ages 5 to 14 in Singapore." Annals of the Academy of Medicine, Singapore 50, no. 9 (September 30, 2021): 695–702. http://dx.doi.org/10.47102/annals-acadmedsg.2021134.
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ABSTRACT Introduction: There are limited data on the descriptive lifestyle behaviour of school-age children in Singapore. Methods: A total of 100 parents of children ages 5 to 14 participated in a parents’ proxy-reported survey. Frequency of moderate physical activity (PA) and vigorous PA was assessed, while t-tests or chi-square test was used to examine differences between weekdays and weekends for sleep, screen viewing time (SVT) and sedentary behaviour (SB). Results: Of the 100 children (68% of Chinese ethnicity, 59% boys, mean age 9.1±2.9 years), 31% were overweight or obese, with body mass index z-score of >1. For moderate and vigorous PA participation in a typical week, 32.0% and 43.0%, respectively, did not participate, while median (interquartile range) days of participation were 3 (2–3) days/week and 2 (1–3) days/week for a duration of 60 (interquartile range 30–120) minutes/session. When comparing weekends with weekdays, the means (standard deviation) of both SVT and sleep duration were higher on weekends (SVT: 4.1 [2.9] versus 3.3 [3.1] hours/day, P=0.07; sleep: 8.8 [1.5] vs 8.3 [1.3] hours/day, P=0.02), while there were no significant differences for SB. A higher proportion of children had SB of ≥10 hours/day and slept <8 hours/day on weekdays compared with on weekends (SB: 23.5% vs 20.6%, P>0.05; sleep:18.8% vs 2.1%, P<0.05), while the proportion exceeding SVT of 2 hours/day were higher on weekends than on weekdays (63.8% vs 45.4%, P=0.03). Overall, there was higher parental awareness of sleep guidelines (80.0%), but lower awareness of PA (51.0%) and SVT (59.0%) guidelines. Conclusion: Lifestyle behaviours were suboptimal in Singapore children compared with existing overseas guidelines, indicating a need for an integrated guideline with greater dissemination. Keywords: Childhood and adolescents, integrated guideline, lifestyle behaviours, physical activity, screen viewing time, sleep
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Kölbel, Melanie, Fenella J. Kirkham, and Dagmara Dimitriou. "Developmental Profile of Sleep and Its Potential Impact on Daytime Functioning from Childhood to Adulthood in Sickle Cell Anaemia." Brain Sciences 10, no. 12 (December 14, 2020): 981. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci10120981.
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Young individuals with sickle cell anaemia (SCA) experience sleep disturbances and often experience daytime tiredness, which in turn may impact on their daytime functioning and academic attainment, but there are few longitudinal data. Methods: Data on sleep habits and behaviour were taken on the same day as an in-hospital polysomnography. This study assesses the developmental sleep profiles of children and young adults aged 4–23 years old with SCA. We examined retrospective polysomnography (PSG) and questionnaire data. Results: A total of 256 children with a median age of 10.67 years (130 male) were recruited and 179 returned for PSG 1.80–6.72 years later. Later bedtimes and a decrease in total sleep time (TST) were observed. Sleep disturbances, e.g., parasomnias and night waking, were highest in preschool children and young adults at their first visit. Participants with lower sleep quality, more movement during the night and increased night waking experienced daytime sleepiness, potentially an indicator of lower daytime functioning. Factors influencing sleep quantity included age, hydroxyurea prescription, mean overnight oxygen saturation, sleep onset latency, periodic limb movement, socioeconomic status and night waking. Conclusion: Sleep serves an important role for daytime functioning in SCA; hence, quantitative (i.e., PSG for clinical symptoms, e.g., sleep-disordered breathing, nocturnal limb movement) and qualitative (i.e., questionnaires for habitual sleep behaviour) assessments of sleep should be mutually considered to guide interventions.
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Harris, Ulrika, Petra Svedberg, Katarina Aili, Jens M. Nygren, and Ingrid Larsson. "Parents’ Experiences of Direct and Indirect Implications of Sleep Quality on the Health of Children with ADHD: A Qualitative Study." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 22 (November 16, 2022): 15099. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192215099.
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Sleep problems represent a significant challenge for children with ADHD. However, lack of knowledge about how sleep affects children with ADHD in terms of their health and everyday life prevents the development and implementation of interventions to promote sleep. The aim of this study was to explore parents’ experiences of direct and indirect implications of sleep quality on the health of children with ADHD. The study used an abductive qualitative design, with Tengland’s two-dimensional theory of health as a deductive analysis framework. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 21 parents of children aged 6–13 with ADHD and sleep problems. The parents experienced that sleep influenced their children’s abilities to control emotional behaviour related to ADHD and to manage everyday life. Sleep also had an impact on the children’s well-being, in relation to both vitality and self-esteem. In conclusion, the results show important direct and indirect implications of sleep quality on the health of children with ADHD. This implies a need for greater focus on sleep, to target both abilities and well-being in promoting health among children with ADHD.
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Stores, Gregory. "Rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder in children and adolescents." Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology 50, no. 10 (October 2008): 728–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8749.2008.03071.x.
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Nelson, Roxanne. "Obstructive sleep apnoea in children might impair cognition and behaviour." Lancet 359, no. 9319 (May 2002): 1754. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(02)08666-x.
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Ghanim, F., K. Harkness, V. Guadagni, and K. Murias. "P.085 The relationship between sleep and behavior in attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder." Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques 49, s1 (June 2022): S30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cjn.2022.181.
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Background: Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that is associated with long-term reduced quality of life and impaired functioning. ADHD is commonly associated with sleep disturbances that can contribute to many difficulties in a child’s life. This study aims to elucidate this complex relationship by utilizing a subset of the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) database. Methods: The population included a group of children with ADHD age 10-13 years (n=212) and a matched typically developing (TD) group (n=212). Sleep data was obtained through Fitbit actigraphy measures, and the Parent Sleep Disturbance Scale (SDS). Behavioural and emotional subscores were obtained from the Child Behaviour Checklist (CBCL). Results: There were no significant correlations between the actigraphy and SDS sleep data. SDS sleep data were significantly different between ADHD and control groups, while actigraphy data was not. Sleep latency (measured by actigraphy) and 3 out of 6 of the SDS subscores were significantly related to behavioural scores. Conclusions: The results of this study indicate that sleep may not be an important mediator of behaviour and emotional responses in children with ADHD. Future studies should explore both influences on sleep parameters as well as behaviour and other measures important to families.
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Scher, Anat, Emanuel Tirosh, Michael Jaffe, Lisa Rubin, Avi Sadeh, and Peretz Lavie. "Sleep Patterns of Infants and Young Children in Israel." International Journal of Behavioral Development 18, no. 4 (December 1995): 701–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/016502549501800407.
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The sleep habits of 661 Israeli children between the ages of 4 months and 4 years were described by their mothers. Twenty-eight per cent reported that their children woke up at least once a week. In the group of regular wakers, the mean number of interrupted nights per week was 4.7, and the mean number of awakenings per night was 2.0. Significant age-related changes in sleep patterns were indicated. The results of this study suggest that sleep and settling patterns in different sociocultural groups are quite similar. These data indicate the existence of an inherent pattern in the maturation of sleep behaviour in the developing child.
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Saunders, Travis John, Casey Ellen Gray, Veronica Joan Poitras, Jean-Philippe Chaput, Ian Janssen, Peter T. Katzmarzyk, Timothy Olds, et al. "Combinations of physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep: relationships with health indicators in school-aged children and youth." Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism 41, no. 6 (Suppl. 3) (June 2016): S283—S293. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/apnm-2015-0626.
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The purpose of this systematic review was to determine how combinations of physical activity (PA), sedentary behaviour (SB), and sleep were associated with important health indicators in children and youth aged 5–17 years. Online databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, SPORTdiscus, CINAHL, and PsycINFO) were searched for relevant studies examining the relationship between time spent engaging in different combinations of PA, SB, and sleep with the following health indicators: adiposity, cardiometabolic biomarkers, physical fitness, emotional regulation/psychological distress, behavioural conduct/pro-social behaviour, cognition, quality of life/well-being, injuries, bone density, motor skill development, and self-esteem. PA had to be objectively measured, while sleep and SB could be objectively or subjectively measured. The quality of research evidence and risk of bias for each health indicator and for each individual study was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) framework. A total of 13 cross-sectional studies and a single prospective cohort study reporting data from 36 560 individual participants met the inclusion criteria. Children and youth with a combination of high PA/high sleep/low SB had more desirable measures of adiposity and cardiometabolic health compared with those with a combination of low PA/low sleep/high SB. Health benefits were also observed for those with a combination of high PA/high sleep (cardiometabolic health and adiposity) or high PA/low SB (cardiometabolic health, adiposity and fitness), compared with low PA/low sleep or low PA/high SB. Of the 3 movement behaviours, PA (especially moderate- to vigorous-intensity PA) was most consistently associated with desirable health indicators. Given the lack of randomized trials, the overall quality of the available evidence was low.
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Tremblay, Mark S., Valerie Carson, Jean-Philippe Chaput, Sarah Connor Gorber, Thy Dinh, Mary Duggan, Guy Faulkner, et al. "Canadian 24-Hour Movement Guidelines for Children and Youth: An Integration of Physical Activity, Sedentary Behaviour, and Sleep." Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism 41, no. 6 (Suppl. 3) (June 2016): S311—S327. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/apnm-2016-0151.
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Leaders from the Canadian Society for Exercise Physiology convened representatives of national organizations, content experts, methodologists, stakeholders, and end-users who followed rigorous and transparent guideline development procedures to create the Canadian 24-Hour Movement Guidelines for Children and Youth: An Integration of Physical Activity, Sedentary Behaviour, and Sleep. These novel guidelines for children and youth aged 5–17 years respect the natural and intuitive integration of movement behaviours across the whole day (24-h period). The development process was guided by the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research Evaluation (AGREE) II instrument and systematic reviews of evidence informing the guidelines were assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. Four systematic reviews (physical activity, sedentary behaviour, sleep, integrated behaviours) examining the relationships between and among movement behaviours and several health indicators were completed and interpreted by expert consensus. Complementary compositional analyses were performed using Canadian Health Measures Survey data to examine the relationships between movement behaviours and health indicators. A stakeholder survey was employed (n = 590) and 28 focus groups/stakeholder interviews (n = 104) were completed to gather feedback on draft guidelines. Following an introductory preamble, the guidelines provide evidence-informed recommendations for a healthy day (24 h), comprising a combination of sleep, sedentary behaviours, light-, moderate-, and vigorous-intensity physical activity. Proactive dissemination, promotion, implementation, and evaluation plans have been prepared in an effort to optimize uptake and activation of the new guidelines. Future research should consider the integrated relationships among movement behaviours, and similar integrated guidelines for other age groups should be developed.
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Belmon, Laura, Vincent Busch, Maartje van Stralen, Dominique Stijnman, Lisan Hidding, Irene Harmsen, and Mai Chinapaw. "Child and Parent Perceived Determinants of Children’s Inadequate Sleep Health. A Concept Mapping Study." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 5 (February 29, 2020): 1583. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17051583.
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Many children do not meet the recommendations for healthy sleep, which is concerning given the potential negative effects on children’s health. To promote healthy sleep, it is crucial to understand its determinants. This concept mapping study therefore explores perspectives of children and parents on potential determinants of children’s inadequate sleep. The focus lies on 9–12 year old children (n = 45), and their parents (n = 33), from low socioeconomic neighbourhoods, as these children run a higher risk of living in a sleep-disturbing environment (e.g., worries, noise). All participants generated potential reasons (i.e., ideas) for children’s inadequate sleep. Next, participants sorted all ideas by relatedness and rated their importance. Subsequently, multidimensional scaling and hierarchical cluster analyses were performed to create clusters of ideas for children and parents separately. Children and parents both identified psychological (i.e., fear, affective state, stressful situation), social environmental (i.e., sleep schedule, family sleep habits), behavioural (i.e., screen behaviour, physical activity, diet), physical environmental (i.e., sleep environment such as temperature, noise, light), and physiological (i.e., physical well-being) determinants. These insights may be valuable for the development of future healthy sleep interventions.
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Swillen, A., I. Berghs, A. Schoeters, J. P. Fryns, W. Hellinkcx, and K. Devriendt. "Parental perception of sleep behaviour and sleep disorders in children with VCFS and their siblings." Journal of Intellectual Disability Research 52, no. 10 (October 2008): 815. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2788.2008.01119_16.x.
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Bevan, Rosanna, Sarah Grantham-Hill, Ruth Bowen, Esther Clayton, Helen Grice, Holly Caroline Venditti, Alice Stickland, and Catherine Mary Hill. "Sleep quality and noise: comparisons between hospital and home settings." Archives of Disease in Childhood 104, no. 2 (July 17, 2018): 147–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2018-315168.
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BackgroundChildren and their parents report poor sleep in hospital and complain about noise.ObjectiveTo measure sleep quality and noise levels in hospital and compare these with the home environment.DesignObservational within case-controlled study.SettingPaediatric medical wards at Southampton Children’s Hospital and bedrooms at home.Participants and methodsParticipants were children aged 3–16 years and their co-sleeping parents. Sleep quality was measured using actigraphy for a maximum of 5 nights in each setting. Median sound levels at the bedside were monitored overnight in a subgroup in both settings.Main outcome measuresTotal sleep time, sleep efficiency, median sound levels overnight.Results40 children and 16 mothers completed actigraphy in both settings. Children had on average 62.9 min, and parents 72.8 min, per night less sleep in hospital than at home. Both children and parents had poorer sleep quality in hospital than at home: mean sleep efficiency 77.0% vs 83.2% for children and 77.1% vs 88.9% for parents, respectively. Median sound levels in hospital measured in 8 children averaged 48.6 dBA compared with 34.7 dBA at home and exceeded World Health Organization recommendations of 30 dB.ConclusionsChildren and their mothers have poor quality sleep in paediatric wards. This may affect the child’s behaviour, recovery and pain tolerance. Sleep deprivation adds to parental burden and stress. Sound levels are significantly raised in hospital and may contribute to poor sleep. Reduction in the level of noise might lead to an improvement in sleep, affecting the quality of stay of both parent and child.
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Richdale, Amanda, Andrew Francis, Susana Gavidia-Payne, and Sue Cotton. "Stress, behaviour, and sleep problems in children with an intellectual disability." Journal of Intellectual & Developmental Disability 25, no. 2 (January 2000): 147–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13269780050033562.
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Richdale, Amanda L. "A descriptive analysis of sleep behaviour in children with Fragile X." Journal of Intellectual & Developmental Disability 28, no. 2 (June 2003): 135–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1366825031000147076.
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Lee, S., H. Ji-Hye, M. Duk-Soo, Y. Soyoung, P. Boram, and C. Seockhoon. "Sleep environment of preschool children effects on children's sleep disorder and parents’ mental health." European Psychiatry 41, S1 (April 2017): s854. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.1697.
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IntroductionIn Korean culture, co-sleeping of parents and children are quite common, which is different from the Western culture where solitary sleeping of children is preferred. In this study, we evaluate the sleep environment factors that effect on children sleep disorder, and parent's parenting stress and mental health.MethodsSurveys were conducted to 115 participating parents of preschool children sleeping behaviour lecture. Seventy-one completed surveys were analyzed for the study. The mean age of target children was 53 ± 23 months. Parents’ mental health was evaluated by using several forms such as Insomnia Severity Index, Korean-Parenting Stress Index short form, and The Patient Health Questionnaire-9. Children's sleeping environment and quality were assessed by Child Sleep Habit Questionnaire and Sleep environment survey.ResultsPearson correlation analysis (P < 0.05) was conducted to evaluate the relationship between the sleep disorder of children, and the parent's parenting stress and mental health. Analyzing the data through the partial least square path modeling, co-sharing would have negative effect; bed-sharing could have negative effect on the depressing emotion of parents (P = 0.065). Solitary sleeping of children could have positive effect on parent's mental health (P < 0.01).ConclusionPreschool children's sleeping disorder occurs more often in co-sleeping children with parents than solitary sleeping children. Parents’ parenting stress is related to the parent's age and depression, further related to the children sleeping disorder and their sleep environment. Although, it is difficult to generalize the exact cause, evaluation and improvement of children's sleep environment would help to reduce the parent's parenting stress.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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Horne, R., M. Shetty, M. Davey, L. Walter, and G. Nixon. "P054 Effects of treatment of sleep disordered breathing on actigraphic sleep measures and daytime functioning in children with Down syndrome." SLEEP Advances 3, Supplement_1 (October 1, 2022): A48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleepadvances/zpac029.127.
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Abstract Background Children with Down syndrome (DS) are at increased risk of obstructive sleep disordered breathing (SDB), which is associated with sleep disruption affecting daytime functioning. We examined the effects of treatment of SDB on sleep and daytime functioning in children with DS. Methods Children with DS and SDB (n=34) completed a baseline and follow-up study which included 7 days of actigraphy in conjunction with a parental sleep diary. Parents also completed a number of questionnaires assessing sleep, behaviour, daytime functioning and quality of life (QOL). All children had overnight polysomnography (PSG) at baseline and 24 had PSG at follow-up. Results 15 children (44%) were treated. At baseline the treated group had more severe SDB at baseline compared to the untreated group: obstructive apnoea hypopnoea index (OAHI) 29.3 ± 38.2 events/h vs 3.3 ± 5.2 events/h (p<0.01). Actigraphy showed no significant differences in total sleep time or sleep efficiency from baseline to follow up in either the treated or untreated group. Wake after sleep onset increased at follow-up in the untreated group (p<0.01). The sleep disturbance (p<0.01) and total problems (p<0.05) scales on the OSA-18 and the SDB subscale on the Pediatric Sleep Problem Survey Instrument (p<0.01) improved in the treated children. No changes were seen in any of the measures in the untreated children. Conclusions Treatment of SDB improves QOL, despite treatment having no demonstrable impacts on actigraphic sleep measures. In contrast despite having less severe SDB children who were untreated had no improvements in QOL and increased sleep disruption.
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Vandendriessche, Ann, Ariane Ghekiere, Jelle Van Cauwenberg, Bart De Clercq, Karlien Dhondt, Ann DeSmet, Jorma Tynjälä, Maïté Verloigne, and Benedicte Deforche. "Does Sleep Mediate the Association between School Pressure, Physical Activity, Screen Time, and Psychological Symptoms in Early Adolescents? A 12-Country Study." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 6 (March 25, 2019): 1072. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16061072.
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This study examines the mediating role of sleep duration and sleep onset difficulties in the association of school pressure, physical activity, and screen time with psychological symptoms in early adolescents. Data were retrieved from 49,403 children (13.7 ± 1.6 years old, 48.1% boys) from 12 countries participating in the World Health Organization (WHO) “Health Behaviour in School-aged Children” 2013/2014 study. A validated self-report questionnaire assessed psychological symptoms (feeling low, irritability or bad temper, feeling nervous), school pressure, physical activity (number of days/week 60 min moderate-to-vigorous), screen time, sleep duration on week- and weekend days, and perceived difficulties in getting asleep. Multilevel mediation analyses were conducted. School pressure and screen time were positively associated with psychological symptoms, whereas physical activity was negatively associated. With the exception of sleep duration in the association between physical activity and psychological symptoms, all associations were significantly mediated by sleep duration on week- and weekend days and sleep onset difficulties. Percentages mediated ranged from 0.66% to 34.13%. This study partly explains how school pressure, physical activity, and screen time are related to adolescents’ psychological symptoms. Future interventions improving adolescents’ mental well-being could target schoolwork, physical activity, and screen time, as these behaviours are directly and indirectly (through sleep) related to psychological symptoms.
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Phillips, Sophie M., Carolyn Summerbell, Kathryn R. Hesketh, Sonia Saxena, and Frances C. Hillier-Brown. "Parental Views on the Acceptability and Feasibility of Measurement Tools Used to Assess Movement Behaviour of Pre-School Children: A Qualitative Study." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 6 (March 21, 2022): 3733. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19063733.
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Movement behaviours (physical activity, sedentary behaviour, and sleep) are important for the health and development of pre-school children (aged 3–4 years). There is limited qualitative research examining the acceptability and feasibility of tools used to assess movement behaviours in pre-schoolers. This study explored parental views on various measurement tools in three deprived areas in England, UK (West Yorkshire, County Durham and Northumberland). The study consisted of a demonstration of the different tools (accelerometers, a diary and a questionnaire), directly followed by focus group discussions. Three focus group discussions with a total of eleven parents and carers were transcribed verbatim and analysed using thematic analysis. Findings revealed four main themes: (1) importance of contextual information when using any measurement tool (e.g., child illness, capturing different routines); (2) practical issues associated with devices (e.g., aversion to devices being attached directly to the skin of their child; concern of larger devices during sleep time); (3) encouraging children to wear a device (e.g., making devices attractive to children—‘superpowers’); and (4) presentation of diaries and questionnaires (e.g., age-appropriate movement activities, preference for real-time recording over recall). Practical recommendations for the use of the tools to measure movement behaviours of pre-school children are provided.
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Ball, Geoff D. C., Julie M. Lenk, Bobbi N. Barbarich, Ronald C. Plotnikoff, Graham J. Fishburne, Kelly A. Mackenzie, and Noreen D. Willows. "Overweight children and adolescents referred for weight management: are they meeting lifestyle behaviour recommendations?" Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism 33, no. 5 (October 2008): 936–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/h08-088.
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Adopting and maintaining healthy lifestyle behaviours can help overweight boys and girls manage their weight and reduce obesity-related health risks. However, we currently know very little about the lifestyle habits of overweight children and adolescents referred for weight management in Canada and whether or not they are meeting current lifestyle recommendations. The objectives of this study were (i) to determine the demographic characteristics and lifestyle behaviours of overweight children and adolescents referred for clinical weight management, and (ii) to examine sex (boys vs. girls) and (or) age (child vs. youth) differences with respect to the achievement of lifestyle behaviour recommendations. Overweight (age- and sex-specific body mass index ≥ 85th percentile) children (n = 27 girls, n = 24 boys) and adolescents (n = 29 girls, n = 19 boys) were referred to and enrolled in weight-management programs at the Pediatric Centre for Weight and Health (PCWH) at the Stollery Children’s Hospital (Edmonton, Alta.) from January 2006–September 2007. Information was collected at intake regarding demography, anthropometry, and lifestyle behaviours before participants started a formal weight-management program. Lifestyle behaviour recommendations for nutrition, physical activity, screen time, and sleep were used to determine whether participants were meeting established guidelines. Overall, participants presented with poor lifestyle behaviours. Although most consumed adequate servings of grain products (93.9%) and meat and alternatives (68.7%), few met the serving recommendations for milk and alternatives (31.3%) or vegetables and fruit (14.1%). Physical activity levels were low – 7.4% and 4.1% achieved the recommended time and steps per day goals, respectively. Approximately 1/4 (22.7%) met the screen time recommendation, whereas fewer than 1/2 (47.4%) achieved the nightly sleep duration goal. Sex and age-group comparisons revealed subtle, but potentially important, differences in lifestyle behaviours that have implications for pediatric weight management. This study highlights the sub-optimal lifestyle behaviours of overweight children and adolescents referred for weight management. Intervention studies are needed to determine whether overweight boys and girls who achieve the lifestyle behaviour targets included in this study are able to successfully manage their weight and (or) reduce obesity-related health risks.
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Chia, Michael Yong Hwa, Lee Yong Tay, and Terence Buan Kiong Chua. "Quality of Life and Meeting 24-h WHO Guidelines Among Preschool Children in Singapore." Early Childhood Education Journal 48, no. 3 (October 3, 2019): 313–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10643-019-00987-9.
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Abstract The objective of the study was to determine the proportion of preschool children under 5 years old meeting the 24-h World Health Organisation guidelines on physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep. Another objective was to examine the association between the health-related quality of life and meeting these guidelines among preschool children in Singapore. Parents completed an online and anonymous SMALLQ® (Surveillance of digital Media hAbits in earLy chiLdhood Questionnaire) on children’s physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep. Meeting the 24-h WHO guidelines meant, within a 24-h period, (i) having at least 180 min of physical activity (ii) engaging in less than 60 min of screen media and (iii) having 10–13 h of good quality sleep. Parent-reported health-related quality of life of the children was determined using the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory™, collected online at the same time. Parent-reported data showed that 12.6% met none while 9.6% of preschool children met all the WHO guidelines. 70.7%, 56.9% and 26.5%, of preschool children respectively, achieved the sleep, physical activity and screen media use guidelines within a 24-h period. 40.5% met two guidelines while 37.4% met one guideline. Significant differences were detected in the health-related quality of life among preschool children who met all, none, or met 1–2 of the WHO guidelines (i.e. total health score: 82.9 ± 12.4 vs. 76.4 ± 15.1 vs. 78.6 ± 14.5%, p < 0.05; ƞ2 = 0.008–0.11). Our results show that the health-related quality of life of preschool children increased with the number of WHO guidelines accomplished.
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Chong, Kar Hau, Anne-Maree Parrish, Dylan P. Cliff, Dorothea Dumuid, and Anthony D. Okely. "Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Associations between 24-Hour Movement Behaviours, Recreational Screen Use and Psychosocial Health Outcomes in Children: A Compositional Data Analysis Approach." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 11 (June 3, 2021): 5995. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18115995.
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It remains unclear whether the time-use composition of 24-h movement behaviours (sleep, sedentary time (ST), physical activity (PA)) and recreational screen use are independently associated with psychosocial health. This study examined the cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between 24-h movement behaviour composition, recreational screen use and psychosocial health outcomes in children. Measures completed at baseline (n = 127; 11.7 years) and follow-up (n = 88; 12.8 years) included accelerometer-based 24-h movement behaviours, self-reported recreational screen use and psychosocial health (Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, Kessler’s Psychological Distress Scale). Linear mixed models were used to examine the cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between the 24-h movement behaviour composition and recreational screen use levels with psychosocial health outcomes. Overall, the movement behaviour composition (p < 0.05) and recreational screen use levels (p < 0.01) were both cross-sectionally but not longitudinally associated with psychosocial health outcomes. Relative to other behaviours, sleep was negatively associated, while light-intensity PA was positively associated with internalising problems and total difficulties scores. ST was positively associated with internalising problems. High levels of recreational screen use (>2 h/day) were associated with greater externalising problems, total difficulties scores and psychological distress. These findings reinforce the importance of achieving a balance between different types of movement behaviours over a 24-h period for psychosocial health.
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Wiggs, Luci. "Are Children Getting Enough Sleep? Implications for Parents." Sociological Research Online 12, no. 5 (September 2007): 104–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.5153/sro.1557.
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Sleeping is a child's primary activity; by the time an average child goes to school they will have spent more time sleeping than engaging in any other activity, such as playing, eating or interacting socially. Disturbances of sleep (especially sleeplessness) are one of the most frequent child behaviour problems to be reported by parents, affecting about 30% of typically developing children and adolescents. The definition of ‘sleeplessness problems’ will be considered noting how, with child sleeplessness, the complainant and the sufferer are frequently not the same person (frequently parents are the former and the children the latter), and that this has implications for how we should define and, where appropriate, attempt to ‘treat’ these problems. Parental perceptions and parental sleep patterns, moreover, may be key in understanding how some child sleeplessness problems are conceptualised, how they might impact on the child and family and the mechanisms by which successful intervention for childhood sleeplessness may result in benefits for families. The author suggests that child sleeplessness might be better theoretically conceptualised as comprising two distinct states with different causes and effects. Firstly, a ‘biologically-defined sleeplessness‘ characterised by a child having objectively impaired sleep quantity and/or quality, relative to their biological sleep needs. Secondly, a ‘socially-defined sleeplessness’ characterised by the child's sleep pattern deviating from a desired sleep pattern. Judgements about what constitutes a ‘desired’ sleep pattern will be influenced by multiple factors including expectations and culture. Both of these states may exist independently, or co-exist. Both of these states must be considered in order to decide whether or not children are getting enough sleep.
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D'Cruz, A., K. Downing, E. Sciberras, and K. Hesketh. "P033 Associations between sleep and emotional self-regulation in toddlers." SLEEP Advances 3, Supplement_1 (October 1, 2022): A42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleepadvances/zpac029.106.
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Abstract Introduction Emotional self-regulation (ESR) skills are vital for mental and physical health. There is growing evidence linking sleep to ESR in school-aged children, but associations in toddlers remain unclear. The current study examined associations between toddlers’ sleep duration and behaviors and ESR. Materials and methods This study utilized baseline data from 1358 toddlers (Mage=26±3.9mo) from the Let’s Grow trial. Total sleep duration was calculated by summing parent-reported average nighttime sleep and daytime nap duration. Sleep behaviors (bedtime routine, bedtime resistance, sleep latency, and night waking) were assessed using the Children’s Sleep Habits Questionnaire and Brief Infant Questionnaire. Toddlers’ ESR skills were assessed via a 4-item parent-report scale adopted from the Fast Track Project Child Behaviour Questionnaire, with a lower score indicating better ESR. Linear regression models assessed associations of sleep duration and behaviors with ESR. Results Toddlers’ average daily total sleep, nighttime sleep, and nap duration were 12.1h, 10.6h, and 1.5h, respectively. Girls and boys had similar nighttime sleep, total sleep, and ESR scores. However, girls had longer naps than boys (1.6h vs 1.4h, t=-3.5, p=0.0004). Total sleep, nighttime sleep, and nap duration were inversely associated with ESR (all p<0.01), indicating that higher sleep duration was associated with better ESR. Sleep behaviors were positively associated with ESR (all p<0.01), with more problem sleep behaviors associated with poorer ESR. Conclusion Initial results suggest that improving sleep duration and behaviors are associated with better ESR in toddlers. Supporting parents to improve their toddlers’ sleep may help foster better ESR skills.
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López-Gil, José Francisco, Mark S. Tremblay, Miguel Ángel Tapia-Serrano, Pedro Juan Tárraga-López, and Javier Brazo-Sayavera. "Meeting 24 h Movement Guidelines and Health-Related Quality of Life in Youths during the COVID-19 Lockdown." Applied Sciences 12, no. 16 (August 11, 2022): 8056. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12168056.
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Limitations in the use of public spaces have impacted the frequency and duration of movement behaviours (physical activity, sedentary behaviour, sleep) and outdoor activities of children and adolescents. Whether pandemic-induced changes in movement behaviours are related to the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of children and adolescents is unknown. The aim of the current study was to examine the association between meeting 24 h movement guidelines and HRQoL during the COVID-19 lockdown among children and adolescents. Data from 1099 3–17-year-old children and adolescents from Spain and Brazil were analysed. An online questionnaire was used to collect parent-reported information concerning physical activity, screen time, and sleep duration. For the assessment of HRQoL, the EQ-5D-Y proxy version was used. The highest prevalence of reported problems was related to the ‘worries/sadness/unhappiness’ factor, where 36.3% of participants declared to have at least ‘some problems’. Participants meeting the 24 h guidelines had a higher HRQoL score compared with those who did not (91.9 ± 2.5 vs. 84.3 ± 0.5, respectively; p < 0.05). The current study shows that children and adolescents that met 24 h movement guidelines presented a higher HRQoL during the COVID-19 lockdown, providing support for the promotion of healthy movement behaviours—especially during a pandemic.
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Alanazi, Yazeed A., Eduarda Sousa-Sá, Kar Hau Chong, Anne-Maree Parrish, and Anthony D. Okely. "Systematic Review of the Relationships between 24-Hour Movement Behaviours and Health Indicators in School-Aged Children from Arab-Speaking Countries." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 16 (August 16, 2021): 8640. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18168640.
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The Australian and Canadian 24-hour movement guidelines for children and youth synthesized studies in English and French or other languages (if able to be translated with Google translate) and found very few studies published in English from Arabic countries that examined the relationship between objectively measured sedentary behaviour (SB), sleep and physical activity (PA) and health indicators in children aged 5–12 years. The purpose of this systematic review was to investigate the relationships between 24-hour movement behaviours and health indicators in school-aged children from Arab-speaking countries. Online databases MEDLINE, EMBASE, SPORTdiscus, CINAHL, PsycINFO and Scopus were searched for English, French and Arabic studies (written in English), while Saudi Digital Library, ArabBase, HumanIndex, KSUP, Pan-Arab Academic Journal, e-Marefa, Al Manhal eLibrary and Google Scholar were searched for Arabic studies. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation framework was used to assess the risk of bias and the quality of evidence for each health indicator. A total of 16 studies, comprising 15,346 participants from nine countries were included. These studies were conducted between 2000 and 2019. In general, low levels of PA and sleep and high SB were unfavourably associated with adiposity outcomes, behavioural problems, depression and low self-esteem. Favourable associations were reported between sleep duration and adiposity outcomes. SB was favourably associated with adiposity outcomes, withdrawn behaviour, attention and externalizing problems. PA was favourably associated with improved self-esteem and adiposity outcomes. Further studies to address the inequality in the literature in the Arab-speaking countries to understand the role of 24-hour movement behaviours and its positive influence on health outcomes across childhood are urgently needed.
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Thorpe, Karen, Sally Staton, Emily Sawyer, Cassandra Pattinson, Catherine Haden, and Simon Smith. "Napping, development and health from 0 to 5 years: a systematic review." Archives of Disease in Childhood 100, no. 7 (February 17, 2015): 615–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2014-307241.
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BackgroundDuration and quality of sleep affect child development and health. Encouragement of napping in preschool children has been suggested as a health-promoting strategy.ObjectivesThe aim of this study is to assess evidence regarding the effects of napping on measures of child development and health.DesignThis study is a systematic review of published, original research articles of any design.SubjectsChildren aged 0–5 years.MethodElectronic database search was performed following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines and assessment of research quality was carried out following a Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations (GRADE) protocol.ResultsTwenty-six articles met inclusion criteria. These were of heterogeneous quality; all had observational designs (GRADE-low). Development and health outcomes included salivary cortisol, night sleep, cognition, behaviour, obesity and accidents. The findings regarding cognition, behaviour and health impacts were inconsistent, probably because of variation in age and habitual napping status of the samples. The most consistent finding was an association between napping and later onset, shorter duration and poorer quality of night sleep, with evidence strongest beyond the age of 2 years.LimitationsStudies were not randomised. Most did not obtain data on the children's habitual napping status or the context of napping. Many were reliant on parent report rather than direct observation or physiological measurement of sleep behaviour.ConclusionsThe evidence indicates that beyond the age of 2 years napping is associated with later night sleep onset and both reduced sleep quality and duration. The evidence regarding behaviour, health and cognition is less certain. There is a need for more systematic studies that use stronger designs. In preschool children presenting with sleep problems clinicians should investigate napping patterns.
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Williams, Tim I. "The Effect of Weekends and Clock Changes on the Sleep Patterns of Children with Autism: A Study of Historical Records." Journal of Sleep And Sleep Disorder Research 1, no. 3 (September 6, 2019): 21–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.14302/issn.2574-4518.jsdr-19-2950.
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Background Children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) often have difficulties settling to sleep and maintaining asleep through the night. Sleep difficulties are linked to challenging behaviour so understanding the causes of these difficulties is vital. Possible explanations are: (1) that irregular innate cycles lead to difficulties maintaining/initiating sleep at the appropriate times; (2) that children with ASD fail to learn from the contingencies that teach neurotypical children to initiate and maintain sleep. If the cycles are innate then small externally imposed changes in routine will not affect the sleep cycle. Methods The sleep records of 46 children with autism and moderate to profound intellectual impairments attending a residential school were examined to identify the effects of spring time change and weekend leave on 1) the times children went to sleep, 2) the length of their sleep and 3) the number of sleep disruptions. Manual staff recordings of the children’s sleep were conducted and data for these variables were analysed using repeated measures analysis of variance. Results A later sleep time was found in children regarding their sleep onset on Sunday after the time change (average onset was 9:57 p.m. ((s.e. = 8.49 minutes) versus 10:17 p.m. (s.e. = 8.19 minutes), with analysis of variance of sleep onset time showing a significant effect (F (3,41) = 5.02, p = 0.005). However, only two out of three comparison groups showed statistically significant effects (March 23rd versus March 30th mean difference = 0.39, p = 0.003; March 30th April 13th mean difference = 0.36, p = 0.03). No statistical difference was found between March 30th versus April 6th or other sleep parameters in any groups (i.e., sleep duration or night time awakenings). Similarly, no change in any sleep parameters (i.e., sleep onset or awakenings) were found when Sundays sleep parameters were compared to Mondays and/or Tuesdays. Conclusions In this small pilot study, small changes of day/night cycles appear to have few effects on the sleep patterns of children with ASD attending a residential school. While no significant sleep pattern change was found in this population due to change of clock times or weekend visits, larger epidemiological studies addressing other unexamined variables to better delineate changes in ASD are needed.
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Esbensen, A. J., E. K. Hoffman, D. W. Beebe, K. C. Byars, and J. Epstein. "Links between sleep and daytime behaviour problems in children with Down syndrome." Journal of Intellectual Disability Research 62, no. 2 (December 28, 2017): 115–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jir.12463.
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Wood, J. M., M. Cho, and A. S. Carney. "Role of subtotal tonsillectomy (‘tonsillotomy’) in children with sleep disordered breathing." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 128, S1 (November 26, 2013): S3—S7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215113003058.
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AbstractIntroduction:Sleep disordered breathing in children causes disturbance in behaviour and also in cardiorespiratory and neurocognitive function. Subtotal tonsillectomy (‘tonsillotomy’) has been performed to treat sleep disordered breathing, with outcomes comparable to established therapies such as total tonsillectomy or adenoidectomy. This review critically assesses the role of subtotal tonsillectomy in a paediatric setting.Method:The Medline database (1966 to October 2012) was electronically searched using key terms including subtotal or intracapsular tonsillectomy, tonsillotomy, tonsillectomy, paediatrics, and sleep disordered breathing.Results:Eighteen papers were identified and reviewed. Subtotal tonsillectomy would appear to have an efficacy equal to that of total tonsillectomy for the treatment of sleep disordered breathing, and has significant benefits in reducing post-operative pain and analgesia use. Subtotal tonsillectomy patients appear to have less frequent post-operative haemorrhage compared with total tonsillectomy patients.Conclusion:In children, subtotal tonsillectomy is associated with fewer post-operative complications whilst having a comparable effect in improving sleep disordered breathing, compared with total tonsillectomy.
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Manohar, Madhumitha, Sureshbalan Kumarasamy Uma, and Judith Rajendran. "Sedentary behaviour and their association with academic performance among high school students in South Tamil Nadu." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 6, no. 11 (October 24, 2019): 4929. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20195082.
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Background: Sedentary behaviour refers to activities that require very low energy expenditure where sitting or lying is the dominant posture. It is reported that children spend approximately 80% of their day in sedentary behaviours. It is an important risk factor for physical, psychological and socio-emotional health among school children. Epidemiological studies have shown that spending excessive time in sedentary behaviors have a negative impact on academic performance. The objectives of this study were to study the proportion of sedentary behaviours among high school students. To find out whether any association exist between sedentary behaviors with academic performance.Methods: A cross sectional study conducted from July to September, 2018 among high school students in a government school, Kanyakumari district. 213 students from class 9th and 10th standard participated in our study. Permission was obtained from school authorities after explaining the purpose of study. Data was collected using a pre tested questionnaire. Study variables included internet usage, watching television, duration of sleep, physical activity and academic performance. Data was entered in MS-Excel, analyzed for proportions, chi-square using SPSS version 16.0.Results: 61% watched TV more than 2 hours a day. 59.6% of the students spend >2 hours a day for internet browsing. 60% of the students spend <30 minutes a day for doing exercise. 45% of the students reported sleeping for 8 to 10 hours. Internet browsing and watching TV have shown significant association with academic performance.Conclusions: Sedentary behaviours are on the rise among school children. Multi component school-based interventions are necessary to minimize sedentary behaviours among school children.
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Mineyko, Aleksandra, Wei Qi, Helen L. Carlson, Luis Bello-Espinosa, Brian L. Brooks, and Adam Kirton. "Neuropsychological Outcome in Perinatal Stroke Associated With Epileptiform Discharges in Sleep." Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques 44, no. 4 (March 8, 2017): 358–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cjn.2017.29.
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AbstractBackground: Patients with arterial perinatal stroke often suffer long-term motor sequelae, difficulties in language, social development, and behaviour as well as epilepsy. Despite homogeneous lesions, long-term behavioural and cognitive outcomes are variable and unpredictable. Sleep-related epileptic encephalopathies can occur after early brain injury and are associated with global developmental delays. We hypothesized that sleep-potentiated epileptiform abnormalities are associated with worse developmental outcomes after perinatal stroke. Methods: Participants were identified from a population-based cohort (Alberta Perinatal Stroke Project). Inclusion criteria were magnetic resonance imaging–confirmed arterial perinatal stroke, age 4 to 18 years, electroencephalogram (EEG) including sleep, and comprehensive neuropsychological evaluation. Sleep-related EEG abnormalities were categorized by an epileptologist blinded to the cognitive outcome. Associations between EEG classification and neuropsychological outcomes were explored (t tests, Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons). Results:Of 128 potentially eligible participants, 34 (53% female) had complete EEG (mean age, 8.1 years; range, 0.2-16.4) and neuropsychology testing (mean age, 9.8 years; range 4.4-16.7). Twelve (35%) were classified as having electrical status epilepticus in sleep. Patients with abnormal EEGs were more likely to have statistically worse scores when corrected for multiple comparisons, in receptive language (median, 1st percentile; IQR 1-7th percentile; p<0.05), and externalizing behaviours (median, 82nd percentile; IQR, 79-97th percentile; p<0.05). Conclusions: Developmental outcome in language and behaviour in children with arterial perinatal stroke is associated with electrical status epilepticus in sleep. Increased screening with sleep EEG is suggested, whereas further studies are necessary to determine if treatment of EEG abnormalities can improve outcome.
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Martinsone-Bērzkalne, Liene, Silvija Umbraško, and Ilva Duļevska. "Influence of sedentary behaviour on posture symmetry and type among 4–7-year-old children in Riga." Papers on Anthropology 29, no. 1 (July 14, 2020): 31–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/poa.2020.29.1.02.
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Physical inactivity, screen time and sedentary behaviour among young children is increasing. These factors have an impact on future health conditions increasing the risk of metabolic, cardiovascular and posture diseases. The World Health Organization has issued the guidelines on physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep for children of less than 5 years of age that shows contributing factors for healthy individuals starting from early childhood.
Only few studies show the true state of posture diseases among preschool children. In our study we tried to find the problems of posture symmetry and type among young children for first time in Latvia.
The conclusions after the study were similar to tendencies in the world. The posture disorders and asymmetrical posture increased with the age of children and sedentary behaviour (TV and computer) had a negative impact on the posture status.