Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Sleep Behaviour'
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Wiggs, Luci. "Sleep problems and daytime behaviour in children with severe learning disabilities." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.320113.
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Loës, Corinna. "Variation in sleep behaviour and its underlying causes." Diss., lmu, 2012. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-149876.
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McDonald, L. K. "Sleep, eating behaviour, and weight in early childhood." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2016. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1492858/.
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The rising prevalence of obesity poses a considerable threat to population health. Shorter nighttime sleep has emerged as a novel risk factor for overweight and obesity, and the association appears to be stronger at young ages. Experimental studies in adults suggest that increasing energy intake drives weight gain during periods of sleep curtailment. However, there have been few studies addressing the association between free-living sleep and weight in children. Using data from the Gemini twin birth cohort, the objective of this thesis was to advance the understanding habitual sleep behaviour in early childhood and how it may operate to influence the development of adiposity. Study 1 identified the predictors and pathways to shorter sleep at age 15 months, demonstrating that multiple environmental factors are associated with shorter sleep in children, with several operating through a later bedtime. Studies 2 and 3 examined the association between sleep and energy intake at age 21 months. Study 2 identified a linear relationship between shorter sleep and energy intake, before an association between sleep and weight was observed. Study 3 demonstrated that shorter sleeping children consumed more calories at night only, and predominantly from milk drinks. Study 4 showed that shorter sleep was significantly associated with weight at age 5 years; and at this age shorter sleep was associated with higher food responsiveness, which could partly explain the association with a higher weight. Findings from study 5 highlight the role of the home environment, demonstrating a stronger association between sleep and weight among children living in higher risk home food environments. Overall, the results of this thesis highlight the importance of an early bedtime, and strongly suggest that shorter sleep in early life may lead to a greater propensity to over-consume. Shorter sleeping toddlers may consume more because of parents’ inclination to feed to soothe at night, but changes in sensitivity to food stimuli may increase food intake and weight in older children with a greater autonomy over their eating behaviour. Implications, limitations and avenues for future research are discussed.
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Spörndly-Nees, Søren. "Physical activity and eating behaviour in sleep disorders." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Sjukgymnastik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-308395.
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Sleep-disordered breathing and insomnia are common sleep disorders and associated with an increased risk of morbidity. The aim of this thesis was to study the contribution of a behavioural sleep medicine perspective on sleep-disordered breathing and insomnia. More specific, factors considered important for changing eating behaviour and the impact of physical activity were studied. Methods: In study I, semi-structured interviews of participants with obstructive sleep apnoea and obesity (n = 15) were analysed using a qualitative content analysis. A population-based female cohort was followed prospectively over ten years in study II and III using a postal questionnaire on two occasions (n = 4,851 and n = 5062, respectively). In study IV, a series of five experimental single-case studies was conducted testing how an aerobic exercise intervention affected selected typical snores, following an A1B1A2B2A3 design over nine days and nights (n = 5). Results: Facilitators and barriers towards eating behaviour change were identified. A low level of self-reported leisure-time physical activity was a risk factor among women for future habitual snoring complaints, independent of weight, weight gain alcohol dependence or smoking. Maintaining higher levels or increasing levels of leisure-time physical activity over the ten-year period partly protected from snoring complaints (study II). Further, a low level of self-reported leisure-time physical activity is a risk factor for future insomnia among women. Maintaining higher levels or increasing levels of leisure-time physical activity over the ten-year period partly protect against self-reported insomnia, independent of psychological distress, age, change in body mass index, smoking, alcohol dependence, snoring status or level of education (study III). Single bouts of aerobic exercise did not produce an acute effect on snoring the following nights in the studied individuals. A pronounced night-to-night variation in snoring was identified (study IV). Conclusion: Women with sleep disorders would benefit from a behavioural sleep medicine perspective targeting their physical activity in the prevention and management of snoring and insomnia. This is motivated by the protective effects of physical activity confirmed by this thesis. Knowledge was added about facilitators and barriers for future eating behaviour change interventions.
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Gashi, Arben, and Florent Sinani. "Adolescents, Sleep Deprivation and Externalizing Behaviour - Is There a Connection?" Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för juridik, psykologi och socialt arbete, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-65584.
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Steenekamp, Travis. "Quantification of pre-competitive sleep/wake behaviour in a sample of South African cyclists." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/59015.
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The quantification of athlete pre-competitive sleep behaviour is of interest owing to the possibility that sleep loss may have a negative effect on health and performance. The purpose of this study was to monitor and quantify the sleep/wake patterns of South African cyclists prior to competitive races. A total of 336 cyclists, male and female and of differing competition levels, cycling in either the 2015 Tsogo Sun Amashova or the 2016 Telkom 94.7 Cycle Challenge completed an altered version of the Competitive Sports and Sleep Questionnaire. The questionnaire asked cyclists to report on precompetitive sleep over the past year. A subset of 92 cyclists also recorded a Core Consensus Sleep Diary for the three nights leading up to the races. The questionnaire showed that 67% of the cyclists reported worsened sleep at least once prior to competition within the past 12 months. The sleep diary found that the cyclists’ average sleep duration the night before the races was 6h19min (±1h38min), which was significantly less than two and three nights prior to the races. Sleep quality was also shown to deteriorate significantly the night before the races. The contributing factors leading to worsened pre-competitive sleep were the time the cyclists had to wake-up as well as perceived increases in sleep latency and awakenings after sleep onset. Anxiety was found to be the major cause of sleep disturbances. While females were found to be significantly more likely to report having experienced poorer sleep before competition in the past year, the sleep diary showed no difference in sleep the night before the races between the sexes. Females were significantly more likely to report instances of unpleasant dreams and waking up during the night. Again, the sleep diary data did not corroborate these findings. Females were also found to report significantly more accounts of nervousness or thoughts about competition as being the cause of sleep problems. There was no difference in sleep loss the night before competition when comparing competition-level groups. The only significant difference was that recreational cyclists were more likely to report sleeping in foreign environments as a cause of sleep disturbances. Despite a large percentage of cyclists experiencing pre-competitive sleep loss, over half (55%) perceived sleep loss to have no impact on their performance. Analysis of pre-sleep behaviour also revealed that the cyclists engaged in several practices that may have a negative effect on subsequent sleep. The vast majority of the cyclists (61%) indicated having no specific strategy to help them sleep the night before competition. Fifteen percent of cyclists reporting using media devices to help them fall asleep, a practice that has been shown to disrupt sleep. In conclusion, most cyclists, regardless of sex and level of competition experience precompetitive sleep loss attributed largely to anxiety but with the perception that this loss in sleep does not negatively impact their performance.
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Rossa, Kalina R. "Risk taking behaviour in young adults: The role of sleep and associated psychophysiological states." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2018. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/118059/1/Kalina_Rossa_Thesis.pdf.
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Young adults have a tendency to engage in risk taking behaviours such as dangerous driving, substance use, violent behaviours towards themselves or others, and unsafe sexual practices. This program of research designed, built and tested a model aimed at understanding how young adult's sleep health, mood, and stress related experiences influence their risk taking in day-to-day life. Novel pathways for future interventions aimed at reducing the harms associated with these behaviours were explored and developed.
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Igelström, Helena. "Physical Activity and Eating Behaviour Changes in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Sjukgymnastik, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-197595.
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This thesis aimed at developing and evaluating a tailored behavioural sleep medicine intervention for enhanced physical activity and healthy eating in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) and overweight. Participants with moderate or severe OSAS (apnea-hypopnea index ≥15) and obesity (Studies I-II) or overweight (Studies III-IV), treated with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) (Studies I-II) or admitted to CPAP treatment (Studies III-IV), were recruited from the sleep clinic at Uppsala University Hospital, Sweden. Semi-structured individual interviews were analysed using qualitative content analysis (Study I). Data on moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and sedentary time were collected with three measurement methods and analysed regarding the level of measurement agreement (Study II). Potential disease-related and psychological correlates for the amount of MVPA, daily steps and sedentary time were explored using multiple linear regression (Study III). Physical activity and eating behaviour changes were examined after a six month behaviour change trial (Study IV). A tailored behavioural sleep medicine intervention targeting physical activity and healthy eating in combination with first- time CPAP treatment was compared with CPAP treatment and advice on the association between weight and OSAS. According to participants’ conceptions, a strong incentive is needed for a change in physical activity and bodily symptoms, external circumstances and thoughts and feelings influence physical activity engagement (Study I). Compared with accelerometry, the participants overestimated the level of MVPA and underestimated sedentary time when using self-reports (Study II). The participants spent 11 hours 45 minutes (71.6% of waking hours) while sedentary. Fear of movement contributed to the variation in steps and sedentary time. Body mass index was positively correlated to MVPA (Study III). The experimental group increased intake of fruit and fish and reduced more weight and waist circumference compared with controls. There were no changes in physical activity (Study IV). The novel tailored behavioural sleep medicine intervention combined with first-time CPAP facilitated eating behaviour change, with subsequent effects on anthropometrics, but it had no effects on physical activity and sedentary time. Fear of movement may be a salient determinant of sedentary time, which has to be further explored in this population. The results confirm sedentary being a construct necessary to separate from the lower end of a physical activity continuum and highlight the need of developing interventions targeting sedentary behaviours specifically.
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Nicholson, Laura Jane. "Using an extended theory of planned behaviour to investigate sleep impaired driving." Thesis, Liverpool John Moores University, 2010. http://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/5969/.
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Background: A significant proportion of vehicle accidents in the UK are caused by drivers falling asleep at the wheel and these accidents often occur at high speeds and result in fatalities (Home & Reyner, 1995b). Research has shown that driving after 15 or more hours of wakefulness increases the risk of being involved in a sleep-related vehicle accident (Stutts et al., 2003). Further, young and elderly adults have been found to have more sleep-related accidents between midnight and 6am and between 3pm and 6pm, respectively (Summala & Mikkola, 1994). An extended theory of planned behaviour (TPB; Ajzen, 1988,1991) was used to understand the reasons why young, middle-aged and elderly adults drive while sleep impaired with a view to reducing the incidence of this behaviour. Specifically, the determinants of driving after 15 or more hours of wakefulness, between midnight and 6am and between 3pm and 6pm were explored. Methods: A preliminary study in which sleep duration and quality were measured in young, middle-aged and elderly adults established the validity of actigraphy to reliably differentiate periods of sleep and wake. After identifying the accessible beliefs underlying each specific behaviour and constructing questionnaires tailored to each age group and behaviour, the main study was conducted. Two hundred and ten young, middle-aged and elderly adults completed TPB questionnaires in relation to driving after being awake for 15 or more hours in the following week. Measures of behaviour (using both subjective and objective methods, i.e., actigraphy) were obtained eight days later from the young adults. Additionally, the young and elderly adults completed TPB measures regarding driving between midnight and 6am and between 3pm and 6pm, respectively. The young adults provided behavioural data prospectively. The ability of anticipated regret, impulsive sensation seeking, past behaviour and gender to account for additional proportions of variance over and above the TPB was also explored. Results: The TPB explained significant proportions of variance in intention to drive after 15 or more hours of wakefulness in all three age groups. Injunctive norm was a consistent predictor in all groups. The model predicted a subjective measure of driving after 15 or more hours of wakefulness but failed to predict a more objective measure, obtained from the young adults. Both the young adults' intentions to drive between midnight and 6am and their self-reported behaviour were successfully predicted by the TPB, as were the intentions of elderly adults to drive between 3pm and 6pm. Several beliefs which discriminated those who did and who did not perform (or intend to perform) the behaviours were identified. Anticipated regret independently predicted the intentions of young adults to drive after 15 or more hours of wakefulness and between midnight and 6am, as well as the intentions of elderly adults to drive between 3pm and 6pm. The TPB failed to mediate the effect of gender on driving between midnight and 6am in the young adults. Conclusions: The TPD provided useful, but not sufficient, accounts of the determinants of intentions to drive while sleep impaired. The model was able to predict subjective measures of sleep impaired driving but failed to predict a measure based on more objective methods. This research can be used to inform interventions attempting to reduce sleep impaired driving. A number of possible behavioural change strategies are proposed based on the empirical, theory-based results obtained here.
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Mumford, Rachel Anne. "Circadian rhythms, sleep and behaviour in intellectual and developmental disabilities : a systematic review of sleep and challenging behaviour and actigraphic assessment of circadian functioning in MPS III (Sanfilippo syndrome)." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2013. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/circadian-rhythms-sleep-and-behaviour-in-intellectual-and-developmental-disabilities-a-systematic-review-of-sleep-and-challenging-behaviour-and-actigraphic-assessment-of-circadian-functioning-in-mps-iii-sanfilippo-syndrome(a42b0492-2049-4cf6-9eae-8a7c6fdcf36a).html.
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Sleep disturbance and behavioural difficulties are both prevalent problems in the intellectual and developmental disability population and can have a significant impact on quality of life for the individual and their family. This thesis investigated sleep, behaviour and circadian rhythm functioning in children with intellectual and developmental disabilities, and is presented in three sections. The first two papers have been prepared in accordance with the author guidelines of the journals proposed for submission, excluding tables and figures for ease of reading. The first paper is a systematic review of the literature examining the relationship between sleep disturbance and challenging behaviour in children with intellectual and developmental disabilities. 15 studies were included in the review and overall there were consistent findings of an association between the presence of sleep disruption and increased behavioural difficulties. A causal relationship could not be inferred due to the cross-sectional methodology of studies. Other factors, such as parental wellbeing, child level of intellectual disability and comorbidity of physical health conditions, need to be considered to understand the complexity of this relationship. Children with the neurodevelopmental disorder mucopolysaccharidosis type III (MPS III or Sanfilippo syndrome) present with high rates of sleep disturbance and challenging behaviour. The second paper investigates circadian rhythm functioning and activity levels in children with MPS III, compared to typically developing controls. Objective measurement of circadian rhythm and activity levels was obtained through actigraphic recording for 7-10 days. Children with MPS III had increased fragmentation of circadian rhythm, less stability of rhythm in relation to external cues and a differential pattern of activity across the day compared to controls. Overall, results were indicative of a disruption of circadian rhythm function in children with MPS III. The implications for clinical practice and future research are discussed. The third paper provides a critical appraisal of the overall research process, including further consideration of the strengths and limitations, implications for clinical practice, wider context of the research and personal reflections. An account of the project that was originally proposed with the MPS III population is also presented, alongside reflections on its termination.
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Gray, Gemma. "An investigation into the relationship between sleep problems and daytime behaviour difficulties in adults with learning disabilities." Thesis, Open University, 1997. http://oro.open.ac.uk/57688/.
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Sleep research with adults with learning disabilities has been limited. This study considered the sleep problems experienced by adults with learning disabilities in two main sections, a survey and an intervention. The survey assessed the prevalence, nature and range of sleep problems experienced by adults with learning disabilities who live at home with their families, and investigated the relationship between sleep problems and daytime behaviour disturbance. The intervention part of the study considered whether daytime behaviour difficulties reduced following a successful sleep intervention, and whether carer stress was influenced by an improvement in sleep problems. Individuals with learning disabilities who live at home with their families had prevalence figures for sleep problems higher than those experienced by the general population. The relationship between sleep and behaviour problems was highly specific with settling problems predicting hyperactivity, lethargy, irritability and the overall score on behavioural measures. The interventions did not provide substantial evidence that sleep and behaviour were related, with only one of six participants demonstrating a decrease in behaviour problems following an improvement in sleep. Carer stress did not significantly reduce as a result of the intervention. The study has provided prevalence rates of sleep problems for a population which has not been previously studied. It concludes that the relationship between sleep and behaviour definitive conclusions can be drawn. The efficacy of behavioural interventions was demonstrated, and the clinical and theoretical implications of the results were considered.
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Clarkson, Emma Louise. "The relationship between sleep and daytime behaviour in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2016. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/6962/.
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This thesis presents the work completed over the course of the author’s doctorate of clinical psychology, and consists of two volumes. The first volume includes three chapters, the first of which is a systematic literature review and meta-analysis of the prevalence of insomnia in clinical and non-clinical populations of children and adolescents. The second chapter is an empirical paper exploring the relationship between sleep problems and daytime challenging behaviour in children with Autism Spectrum Disorders. The final chapter is a document summarising chapters one and two for the purpose of public dissemination. The second volume constitutes each of the five clinical practice reports completed over the course of the doctoral training and will be available online in December 2026.
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Henst, Rob HP. "A sleep behaviour intervention to improve cardiometabolic health in adults with overweight and obesity." Doctoral thesis, Faculty of Health Sciences, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/32735.
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Rob Henricus Petrus Henst was born on the 12th of March in Schaijk, the Netherlands. He graduated from pre-vocational secondary education (VMBO) in 2005 and continued to study process and laboratory technology at an intermediate vocational educational (MBO) institution. In 2009, Rob started with a Bachelor of Science degree, majoring in Life Science with a minor in Exercise Science. For his undergraduate thesis in 2012, he moved to South Africa where he was introduced to chronobiology in exercise science. In 2013, Rob continued to study in South Africa for his Master of Science (Exercise Science) degree and published his first peer-reviewed article in the Journal of Biological Rhythms. He then developed an interest in sleep and cardiometabolic health, specifically in the context of public health. In 2015, these interests were combined and lead to his current PhD thesis on a sleep behaviour intervention for the betterment of cardiometabolic health. In this year, he also co-founded the business unit Sleep Science within the Sports Science Institute of South Africa to help individuals sleep better. In 2019, Rob moved back to the Netherlands to write the final pages of his PhD thesis.
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Allik, Hiie. "Asperger syndrome and high-functioning autism in school-age children : the children's sleep and behaviour, and aspects of their parents' well-being /." Stockholm, 2006. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2006/91-7140-856-8/.
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Zylka, Rachel. "A family centred, positive behaviour support approach to sleep problems in a child with autism." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/33937.
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Parents of children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) report a significantly higher frequency and severity of sleeping problems than typically developing children and children with other disabilities. Sleeping problems most commonly reported include difficulties with sleep onset, maintenance, irregular sleep routines, and co-sleeping. A number of studies have used behavioural interventions to treat such sleeping problems. However, a number of methodological limitations have been identified with such studies. Additionally, there are a number of other clinical limitations that may affect the acceptability, meaningfulness, and sustainability of treatment outcomes. A Positive Behaviour Support (PBS) approach to behavioural interventions has been identified in the research as a viable approach to address such outcomes. This study evaluated an approach to behavioural intervention that synthesized evidence-based practices in PBS and the treatment of sleep problems in children with ASD. This study investigated the effectiveness of a parent-implemented PBS plan to improve the sleep problems of a child with ASD during a bedtime routine. A 4-year-old child with a diagnosis of ASD and his mother participated in the study. The study employed a single-subject case study design, using a multiple probe strategy. Results indicated improvements in child sleep behaviour and participation during the bedtime routine following implementation of the PBS intervention. The results are discussed with reference to previous research, unique contributions to the literature, future directions, and implications for practitioners and researchers who are involved in interventions for children with ASD and sleep problems.
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Baddock, Sally Anne, and n/a. "Bedsharing vs cot-sleeping : an investigation of the physiology and behaviour of infants in the home setting." University of Otago. Dunedin School of Medicine, 2005. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20070205.113411.
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Bedsharing between infants and parents interacts with many factors to increase the risk of SIDS, eg maternal smoking, alcohol or drug consumption, overtiredness, excessive bedding and younger infant. However, bedsharing also encourages breastfeeding, settles babies, reduces parental tiredness and increases mother-baby interactions. We studied infants in the natural setting of their own home, in their usual situation (bedsharing or cot-sleeping) to identify risks and benefits, and to understand how bedsharing could be made safer for all infants.
Methods: Overnight home video and physiological recordings of 40 bedshare infants (5-27 weeks), were compared with 40 cot infants matched for age and study season. Video data provided a log of infant/parent sleep positions, movements and interactions. The physiological recordings measured respiratory pattern, respiratory airflow, inspired CO2, oxygen saturation (SaO2), heart rate and core, peripheral and environmental temperatures.
Results: All infants maintained normal core temperatures overnight although bedshare infants had a higher shin temperature [35.43 vs 34.60°C at 2hrs after sleep onset (difference 0.83, 95% CI: 0.18 to 1.49)]. Bedshare infants had thicker bedding (RR:2.35 (95% CI:1.76 to 3.14) and more face covered time [0.9h/night vs 0.2 (RR:5.62, 95% CI: 3.08 to 10.25)]. Awakenings in the bedshare group were more common, of shorter duration, and caused less change in infant temperatures.
Exposure to >3% CO2 occurred in 18 bedshare infants and 1 swaddled, cot-sleep infant. The maximum exposure time was the same for both groups (60mins). These levels of CO2 significantly (p<0.05) elevated breathing rate and maintained normal SaO2. Central apnoeas of 5-10 seconds resulted in drops in SaO2 <90% (BS mean 6.8/night vs cot: 3.1, p<0.001). SaO2 rarely fell below 85% and heart rate did not ever fall below 90bpm.
Bedshare infants commonly slept on their side, while cot infants slept supine. Prone sleeping was rare (BS:5 infants, 1.6-3.5h/night vs cot:2, 8.9-10.2) and for bedshare infants involved sleeping on mother�s chest. Bedshare infants woke and fed more frequently (mean wake times/night: 4.6 vs 2.5), but total sleep time was not different. Maternal checks were more frequent in the bedshare group (median:10, IQ range:7-23, max:55) than cot ( 4, 3-6, 16) and bedshare mothers frequently responded to infant initiated movements. During bedsharing baby and mother usually slept facing each other, touching, with infants at mothers� breast level. Father (or sibling) contact was rare.
Conclusions: Bedshare infants sleep in a warmer environment and experience more potentially dangerous events such as head-covering and rebreathing. However, all infants in this study maintained normal rectal temperature and SaO2 suggesting they were protected by homeostatic responses. Infant safety is also facilitated by frequent maternal checking and maternal responses to infant movements. The mother-infant proximity during bedsharing allows prompt responses, reduces time infants are upset, and minimises disruption from frequent breast feeding - aspects valued by many. It is not known if infants of smoking mothers or parents with impaired responses eg due to alcohol, respond adequately to the potentially dangerous situations identified.
Outcome: The results of this study will be used to formulate recommendations to parents for improving the safety of bedsharing.
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Sampasa, Kanyinga Hugues. "Sleep Duration, Sedentary Behaviour, Physical Activity, Depression, and Other Mental Health Outcomes Among Children and Adolescents." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/42304.
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Mental health problems are the leading causes of disability in Canada. Nearly 70% of mental health problems have their onset during childhood or adolescence. Thus, identifying modifiable determinants of mental health problems in children and adolescents can inform future interventions intended to prevent them in this age group. Until recently, research has examined relationships of movement behaviours, including sleep, sedentary behaviour and physical activity mainly with physical health indicators (e.g., adiposity, cardiovascular disease risk factors, etc.). The few studies that have examined the relationships between movement behaviours and mental health indicators have considered the former individually and in isolation of each other, ignoring the intrinsic and empirical interactions between these behaviours. Adjusting for all these behaviours in a traditional regression model that assumes independence between variables has been shown to produce flawed and inconsistent findings.
The purpose of this doctoral dissertation is to examine how the combinations of physical activity, sedentary behaviour, and sleep duration are associated with depression and other mental health outcomes in children and adolescents, through a series of five research studies (one systematic review, 3 cross-sectional studies, and one longitudinal study). Empirical studies used data from 3 large and diverse samples of children and adolescents from Canada and the United States. Conventional regression models and structural equation modelling, and novel analytical techniques, including compositional data analysis were used to analyze the data.
The systematic review confirmed the paucity of existing research in this area and identified important research gaps to be filled. Collectively, the results from cross-sectional studies showed that meeting all three recommendations was associated with lower odds of depressive symptoms and other mental health outcomes. However, this association appeared to be mainly driven by meeting the sleep duration recommendation, and to a lesser extent the screen time + sleep duration recommendations. There was a dose-response gradient from meeting none of the recommendations up to meeting two recommendations. Results from the longitudinal study using compositional data analysis provided further evidence suggesting that increasing sleep duration relative to the remaining behaviours (i.e. screen time and physical activity) was associated with lower depressive symptoms among all age/sex subgroups. Results further indicated that predicted changes in depressive symptoms were strongest and most beneficial when removing screen time while adding sleep duration. Finally, results from both cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses suggest that age and sex moderate the association between movement behaviour recommendations (individual or combined) and mental health indicators, depending on the type of movement behaviour and the type of mental health indicators.
The findings from this body of work have shed new light on the association between movement behaviours and mental health indicators in children and adolescents by demonstrating that meeting all three movement behaviour recommendations is associated with better mental health, and that sleep duration and screen time were more strongly associated with mental health compared with physical activity in our studies.
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Allan, Alicia C. "Influences on sleep-wake behaviour in older adults and community dementia care: Light exposure and partner impact." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2016. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/94986/1/Alicia_Allan_Thesis.pdf.
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This project described sleep-wake behaviour in community-dwelling older adults and in community dementia care. It examined the applicability of a newly presented conceptual model (the Multifactorial Influences on Sleep Health model) to evaluate factors influencing sleep in ageing, with a particular focus on the importance of daytime light exposure and the impact of partners.
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McKenzie, Sharon Amanda. "Exploring the roles of anxiety, sleep and sense of belonging in school attendance and school refusal behaviour." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2017. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/415896/.
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Reductions in school refusal behaviour (SRB), defined as a general difficulty with attending or remaining in school, have been a longstanding strategic priority for schools, local authorities and central government. Research into risk factors associated with SRB is vital for the development of effective assessment and intervention practices to address the problem. A systematic literature review, embedded within a theoretical framework of risk and resilience, was conducted to appraise the research evidence into anxiety as a risk factor for SRB. Twenty-one studies were reviewed, spanning the past three decades. Support was gained for anxiety as a significant risk factor for SRB in some cases, but not as an overall or central explanation for the problem. The need was highlighted in future research for collective commitment towards addressing a range of terminological, methodological and reporting issues in order to improve comparability between studies, and increase the generalisability of findings. The incorporation of physiological measures of anxiety in conjunction with self-report measures was proposed as a potentially fruitful extension for future investigations. The empirical paper presented a pilot study which extended previous research comparing anxious high-attenders with anxious low-attenders. The sample comprised 13 girls in Year 8 (n=9) and Year 9 (n=4) attending an average-sized mainstream secondary school, who reported elevated anxiety. The girls were grouped by attendance: high (n=7, M=99.7%, SD=0.63) and low (n=6, M=92.2%, SD=1.58). Physiological measures of psychological stress (i.e. heart rate variability: HRV) and sleep, assessed using electrocardiogram and wrist actigraphy respectively, were incorporated within an exploration of anxiety, sleep and sense of belonging as factors that may differentiate between the two groups. The groups did not differ on sense of belonging or any indices of psychopathology by self-report, nor on any physiological measures of sleep or psychological stress at the beginning of the week. However, the high attendance group showed non-significant trends towards poorer sleep quality and lower HRV, at the end of the week. The findings tentatively challenge the assumption that anxious students who sustain high attendance in school are demonstrating psychological resilience. Implications for Educational Psychology practice and future research are discussed.
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Turner, Mitchell. "The influence of sleep-wake behaviour and chronotype on the match-play and physical performance of tennis players." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2022. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/2591.
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Tennis is one of the world's most popular sports, with matches played at various times during the day and night. The match result is the ultimate indicator of successful performance; however, determining a player's performance may not be that straightforward. Chapter two of this thesis explores the many physical attributes and tennis skills that influence tennis performance. It is well established that tennis skills, such as serves and groundstrokes, are the most important factor for successful tennis performance. While discordant, superior physical attributes, such as strength, power or agility, have been shown to influence tennis performance positively. In addition to skill execution and physical attributes, several studies have shown relationships between match outcomes and various match analytics and activity, such as winners, unforced errors, distance covered and maximum speed. Chapters one and two of this thesis highlight the known influence sleep-wake behaviour (SWB), chronotype, and diurnal variation have on skill execution, physical attributes and match-play outcomes in other sports and how few studies have explored their impact on tennis players.
Chapter three of this thesis investigated the relationship between chronotype and SWB, as determined by the Consensus Sleep Diary, on the physical attributes of junior tennis players. It was found that feeling well-rested was related to faster reaction times in a tennis-specific agility test. Chapter four then explored the influence of chronotype and SWB, measured with actigraphy, on match-play outcomes, including analytics and activity, of junior state-grade tennis players. Restlessness during sleep, determined by the sleep fragmentation index, was the only SWB measure to influence match-play outcomes.
Chapter five of this thesis further explored the role of chronotype and SWB with the addition of diurnal variation on match-play outcomes in senior tennis players. As was found in junior tennis players, chronotype and SWB had minimal influence on match-play outcomes. However, Diurnal variation was present with an increase in unforced errors and decreased effort and distance covered observed in the evening (8:00 pm) compared to morning (8:00 am) and afternoon (2:00 pm) matches. Finally, chapter six investigated the role of chronotype, SWB and diurnal variation on skill execution, using a novel tennis groundstroke assessment, and physical attributes in senior tennis players. Here it was discovered that maximal serve speed and backhand consistency were lower in the evening compared to morning and afternoon. Additionally, delayed sleep onset times were correlated with slower backhand velocities.
Chapter seven highlights the main outcome of this thesis, the influence that diurnal variation had on tennis skill execution and match-play outcomes, with performance negatively affected in the evening. Additionally, SWBs had small influences on match-play outcomes in junior tennis players, likely due to skill execution rather than physical attributes. Chapter eight acknowledges the limitations in sample size and measures used and explains that future research should build upon this existing work and determine if SWB outside the recommended ranges influences tennis performance. The outcomes of this thesis are of practical relevance for players, coaches and tournament organisers when preparing training sessions, developing gameplans or scheduling matches.
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Treves, Katharine F. "The management of insomnia on a residential pain management programme : a single case series and qualitative analysis." Thesis, n.p, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/.
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Rzepecka, Halina. "Investigation into the relationship between sleep problems, anxiety and challenging behaviour in children and young people with learning disabilities and/or autism spectrum disorder." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/4064.
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Introduction: Children with a learning disability (LD) and/or Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) are known to suffer from significantly more sleep problems, anxiety and challenging behaviour (CB) than typically developing children, yet little is known about the relationships between these factors in the child LD/ASD population. Aims and Hypotheses: The aim of the current study was to examine the relationships between sleep problems, anxiety and CB in children with LD and/or ASD. It was hypothesised that there would be differences between levels of sleep problems, anxiety and CB in children with LD alone, LD and ASD, and ASD alone. It was further hypothesised that there would be significant positive correlations between the three factors and that sleep problems and anxiety would predict a significant amount of the variance in levels of CB. Method: Postal questionnaires were returned by parents of one hundred and sixty seven parents of children with LD and/or ASD. Questionnaires consisted of parental report measures of sleep problems, anxiety and CB, in addition to general demographic variables. Results and Discussion: Statistical analysis revealed no difference between groups (LD, LD+ASD, ASD) in relation to sleep problems, however, some differences were found between the groups in relation to anxiety and CB. Correlational analysis revealed significant positive associations between the three factors. A hierarchical multiple regression showed that medication, sleep problems and anxiety accounted for 42% of the variance in CB, with a large effect size. These findings suggest that the relationships between sleep, anxiety and CB found in the TD child and adult LD/ASD populations are also evident in the child LD/ASD population and that these relationships should be considered during clinical practice, particularly in the case of CB interventions where sleep problems and/or anxiety are also present.
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Stephens, Robyn J. "REM sleep and aggressive behaviour in children with Tourette's syndrome (TS), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and comorbid TS and ADHD." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/NQ63673.pdf.
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Loës, Corinna [Verfasser], and Bart [Akademischer Betreuer] Kempenaers. "Variation in sleep behaviour and its underlying causes : a study in a free-living blue tit population / Corinna Loës. Betreuer: Bart Kempenaers." München : Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1031379371/34.
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Ogbeide-Latario, Oghomwen. "The Role of Slow-Wave-Sleep in Hippocampus-Dependent Memory in Aging and Alzheimer's Disease." eScholarship@UMMS, 2021. https://escholarship.umassmed.edu/gsbs_diss/1136.
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Aging and Alzheimer’s disease (AD), are associated with disabling sleep and cognitive deficits. Specifically, aging and Alzheimer’s disease is associated with reduced quantity and quality of the deepest stage of sleep, called slow-wave-sleep (SWS). Interestingly, SWS has been implicated in hippocampus-dependent memory in mice. More importantly, sleep deprivation, aging, and AD are all associated with deficits in memory. Therefore, I hypothesize that, in aging and AD, the sleep deficits are, at least in part, responsible for memory impairments and increasing the quantity and quality of SWS will reverse these memory deficits.
I first developed mouse models of SWS enhancement in aging and AD. Chemogenetic activation of the parafacial zone GABAergic neurons enhances SWS in aged mice as previously described in adult mice. Similarly, in AD mice, SWS enhancement is as effective as in littermate wild-type controls. Then, I used these mouse models to characterize the role of SWS in memory using novel gain-of-sleep experiments. I found that acute SWS enhancement: 1) reduce spatial memory in adult mice and 2) failed to improve spatial memory in aged mice. In a preliminary study, acute SWS enhancement seems to improve contextual memory in AD mice.
Collectively, my work provides a novel mouse model of SWS enhancement in aging and AD, offering a pivotal tool to study the role of SWS in physiological functions and neurodegenerative diseases. Furthermore, my results suggest that acute SWS enhancement does not benefit the behavioral manifestation of memory consolidation in adult mice and aged mice.
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Robinson, Anthony, and trobinson@parentingrc org au. "Sleep problems in children with an intellectual disability: The role of child and parent factors, and treatment efficacy using the Signposts program." RMIT University. Health Sciences, 2007. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20080808.161306.
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The current research considered parent report of sleep problems in children with an intellectual disability (ID). Of specific interest were parents who reported child sleep issues/disturbances but who did not consider their child to have a sleep problem. Also of interest was the use of a general parent-training program to treat both the sleep and behaviour problems in children with an ID. Study 1 examined parent perceptions regarding sleep in children with an ID. Parents who reported a child sleep problem provided information on the types of sleep treatment tried and rated their effectiveness. Overall, 243 questionnaires were completed by parents of children with a range of disabilities aged between 3.1 to 18.7 years. While 62% of parents rated their child as displaying problematic night settling, night waking, early waking, or other disturbing sleep behaviours, only 27% of parents considered their child to have a sleep problem. A higher number of parents (75%) than expected had tried at least one type of intervention, although it was not possible to discern 'self help' treatments from 'professionally sought' treatments. Study 2 investigated child and parent factors associated with parent perception of sleep problems in children with an ID. Seventy-six parents from Study 1 completed measures in relation to child adaptive and daytime behaviour, parent stress, locus of control, personality (extraversion, neuroticism, and psychoticism), parenting competence, and perceived control over the child's sleep and daytime behaviour. Based on parent report on a sleep measure and response to the question 'do you think your child has a sleep problem' parents were allocated into one of three sleep groups: Parents who recognised a sleep problem (RSP, N=20), parents whose child did not have a sleep problem (NSP, N=35), and parents who did not recognise their child to have a sleep problem (USP, N=21). The results revealed differences between parents who do (RSP) and parents who do not (USP) recognise their child's sleep problem. These differences related to amount of child sleep (as reported by parents) and parent perceived control over the child's sleep and daytime behaviour. Study 3 examined the efficacy of a general parent-training (behaviour management) program, with sleep used as the training exemplar, for the treatment of sleep problems in children with an ID. Of the 20 parents in the RSP group in Study 2, five agreed to take part in Study 3 and three completed the intervention. The effect of the intervention on (a) a targeted sleep problem, (b) a targeted behaviour problem, (c) other sleep and daytime behaviours, (d) parent stress, (e) parent sleep, (f) parent sense of competence, and (g) parent perceived control over the child's sleep and daytime behaviour were examined. All parents reported an improvement in target sleep behaviour, and at follow-up all of the parents no longer considered their child to have a sleep problem. One parent reported a decrease in stress and an increase in measures of perceived control, and parenting competence, while two parents showed minimal to no improvement on child and parent outcomes.
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Williams, Kate Elizabeth. "Self-regulation from birth to age seven : associations with maternal mental health, parenting, and social, emotional and behavioural outcomes for children." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2014. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/71568/1/Kate_Williams_Thesis.pdf.
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Self-regulation refers to our individual capacities to regulate our behaviours, emotions, and thoughts, with these skills developing rapidly across early childhood. This thesis examined sleep, emotional, and cognitive regulation development, and related parental influences, for children participating in the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children. Important longitudinal associations among children's self-regulation, maternal mental health, parenting, and later behaviour problems for children were also investigated. A unique contribution of this research was a prevalence estimate of early childhood self-regulation problems in Australian children that was documented for the first time.
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Chalmers, Eleanor J. "Sleep problems and daytime challenging behaviour in a clinical sample of children with a moderate to severe learning disability and/or autism : the relationship with maternal stress." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/24276.
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Objective: The incidence rates of sleep problems have previously been found to be significantly higher in children with a moderate to severe learning disability and/or autism in comparison to typically developing children (Richdale, Gavidia-Payne, Francis & Cotton, 2000). Further, the existence of a sleep problem has been found to be correlated with daytime challenging behaviour and maternal stress (Wiggs & Stores, 1996; Quine, 1991; Quine, 1992). To date, no study has investigated this relationship and prevalence rates specifically in a clinical population. In this study it was hypothesised that children who had been referred to a specialist learning disability and autism clinical service for complex psychological and behavioural difficulties and were, by definition, considered to have problems that have reached clinical significance, would have increased sleeping difficulties in comparison to children with the same degree of disability whose behaviour had not warranted referral. Further, this would have an impact on maternal stress in that stress levels would be again higher in the clinical group. Results: In comparison to the control group, mothers of children in the clinical group rated their children as having significantly more sleeping problems and daytime challenging behaviour. Further the mothers in the clinical group scored more highly on a measure of maternal stress. A correlation was found between all three variables in the clinical group; sleep and maternal stress were not correlated in the control group. Regression analysis suggested that children’s sleep problems were the best predictor of maternal stress in the clinical group and daytime challenging behaviour was the best predictor of maternal stress in the control group. The results are discussed with reference to previous research findings and clinical implications. Consideration is also given to the methodological shortcomings of the current study and suggestions for future research are made.
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Fuller, Andrea. "Development and evaluation of an intervention targeting parenting practices associated with obesity-related behaviours in young children attending playgroup." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2020. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/205814/1/Andrea_Fuller_Thesis.pdf.
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This thesis focussed on obesity prevention in children under five years by targeting parenting practices that support the development of healthy lifestyle behaviours in respect to eating, active play, screen time and sleep. An intervention, developed from focus groups with parents, was trialled in community playgroups in Brisbane and was both feasible and acceptable. The aim was to support parents to use autonomy promoting parenting practices. The program, unique in the community playgroup setting, consisted of five fortnightly sessions, delivered during playgroup time. A peer facilitator led brief conversations around parenting challenges and strategies for using appropriate parenting practices.
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May, Ulrike [Verfasser]. "Role of IL-6 trans-signalling for sleep-wake behaviour of rats : generation of brain-specific sgp130-Fc transgenic mice ; central blockade of IL-6 trans-signalling / Ulrike May." Kiel : Universitätsbibliothek Kiel, 2010. http://d-nb.info/1020003863/34.
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Turner, Kate Ellen. "Characterising social cognition and its predictors in individuals with premanifest Huntington’s disease." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2021. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/2435.
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Huntington’s disease (HD) is a rare neurodegenerative disease that is characterised by motor, cognitive, and neuropsychiatric disorders. This condition affects 5-8 per 100, 000 people, and the average life expectancy from onset is between 15 to 25 years. Huntington’s disease is caused by an expanded cytosine-adenine-guanine (CAG) repeat sequence in the huntingtin gene. The expanded sequence causes widespread molecular and cellular abnormalities and ensuing neuropathological and clinical changes. In particular there is increasing evidence of social cognitive dysfunction in HD, which is now recognised as a component of cognition according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5). Deficits have been reported in individuals with HD across four social cognitive domains: theory of mind, social perception, empathy and social behaviour. Social cognitive impairment may cause difficulty in maintaining social relationships, work performance and increased occurrences of socially inappropriate behaviour due to lack of ability to correctly interpret information. To date, no studies have assessed social cognition in its entirety according to the DSM-5, but rather have assessed one or two social cognitive domains. Additionally, social cognition has only been assessed at a group-level as opposed to an individual level and intra-individual variability (dispersion) has not been evaluated. Assessment at the group-level may not provide an accurate depiction of the prevalence and severity of social cognitive impairments and may account for discrepancies in findings of studies. This highlights the importance of assessing social cognitive impairments within and between individuals across the four domains. Furthermore, limited research has investigated the clinical predictors (e.g. mood and sleep) of social cognitive impairments in premanifest HD, which may also explain the discrepancies in findings. This study therefore aims to 1) investigate a novel method for characterising the social cognitive profile of individuals with premanifest HD, 2) evaluate the intra-individual variability (dispersion) between social cognitive domains in individuals with premanifest HD compared to healthy controls and 3) evaluate the clinical predictors of social cognitive function in premanifest HD. The findings from this research may assist in providing more thorough understanding of social cognitive impairment in individuals with premanifest HD. With this, the development of targeted treatment interventions may be established to address specific areas of deficits not just for the premanifest HD cohort, but also to identify and manage individual-specific impairments.
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Knowlden, Adam P. "Theory of Planned Behavior Based Predictors of Sleep Intentions and Behaviors in Undergraduate College Students at a Midwestern University." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1311774147.
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Videan, Elaine Nichole. "SLEEP AND SLEEP-RELATED BEHAVIORS IN CHIMPANZEE (PAN TROGLODYTES)." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1114709943.
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Womack, Stephanie D. "Sleep Loss and Risk-taking Behavior." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2012. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc149686/.
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While sleep loss has been shown to have detrimental effects on cognitive, physiological, and psychological processes, it has only recently been investigated as a possible causal factor of risk-taking behavior (i.e., a conscious choice to engage in dangerous behavior despite knowledge of possible loss or harm). Among the few studies that have been conducted in this field, the majority found that as individuals become sleepier, their propensity to engage in risk-taking behavior increased. The results of the current study indicated a positive relationship between increased sleep loss and two measures of specific risk-taking behavior (i.e., substance use, sexual compulsivity), but no significant relationship between sleep loss and measures of general risk-taking behavior. There was some evidence for temporal stability of the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT), though scores on the IGT were not related to scores on other measures of risk-taking, nor to measures of sleep loss. Negative mood was found to partially mediate the relationship between sleep loss and substance use, as well as the relationship between sleep loss and sexual compulsivity.
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Dopp, Austin. "Relative Effects of Sleep Hygiene Behavior and Physical Exercise on Sleep Quality." DigitalCommons@USU, 2017. http://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/6837.
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Numerous studies have shown the relationship between sleep and overall health. A common measure of sleep is sleep quality which has been shown to be influenced by a variety of factors such as physical activity, diet, stress, social engagement, cognitive stimulating, and sleep hygiene behaviors. Data was analyzed from a previous study to determine whether trying to change one’s sleep would improve sleep quality and if this was more effective than physical exercise. A group of 104 individuals, randomized to the treatment group, were asked to log their daily activities, via smartphone app, within these six behavioral domains for six months. Behavioral change scores were computed as the difference between six-month behavioral level and baseline behavioral level, for each of the six domains. Factor analysis that revealed that two latent factors explained the majority of the variance in behavioral change, with a "Physical Body Related behavior change” factor ("Physical") and a "Mental/Emotional" behavior change factor ("Mental"). In linear regression models, Physical significantly predicted sleep quality improvement over the six months (p=.029), but Mental did not (p=.606). In the middle aged adults in this study, the behavioral change pattern of increasing diet quality and physical activity, significantly predicted improvements in sleep quality. While efforts to improve one's cognitive and emotional well-being were not found to predict to sleep improvement, they still may be important for cognitive health overall. This information can prove useful as different interventions and programs are implemented to improve sleep in the population.
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Reichmann, Heinz. "Clinical Criteria for the Diagnosis of Parkinson’s Disease." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-136567.
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The diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease (PD) follows the UK Brain Bank Criteria, which demands bradykinesia and one additional symptom, i.e. rigidity, resting tremor or postural instability. The latter is not a useful sign for the early diagnosis of PD, because it does not appear before Hoehn and Yahr stage 3. Early symptoms of PD which precede the onset of motor symptoms are hyposmia, REM sleep behavioral disorder, constipation, and depression. In addition, an increasing number of patients whose PD is related to a genetic defect are being described. Thus, genetic testing may eventually develop into a tool to identify at-risk patients. The clinical diagnosis of PD can be supported by levodopa or apomorphine tests. Imaging studies such as cranial CT or MRI are helpful to distinguish idiopathic PD from atypical or secondary PD. SPECT and PET methods are valuable to distinguish PD tremor from essential tremor if this is clinically not possible. Using all of these methods, we may soon be able to make a premotor diagnosis of PD, which will raise the question whether early treatment is possible and ethically and clinically advisableDieser Beitrag ist mit Zustimmung des Rechteinhabers aufgrund einer (DFG-geförderten) Allianz- bzw. Nationallizenz frei zugänglich
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Lindberg, Nina. "Sleep in mental and behavioural disorders." Helsinki : University of Helsinki, 2003. http://ethesis.helsinki.fi/julkaisut/laa/kliin/vk/lindberg2/.
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Wilson, Shannae Louise. "Effects on sleep-state organisation of a behavioural intervention for infant sleep disturbance." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Psychology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/8044.
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Establishing healthy sleep-wake patterns early in infancy is vitally important as sleep problems can persist. Behavioural sleep interventions such as the parental presence procedure are well established and have been found to improve infant sleep as determined by parent report. The exact nature of this improvement is, however, unclear. Sleep consolidation, sleep-state organisation, and self-soothing are thought likely to change after intervention; however, no known research has comprehensively determined which of these variables change as infant sleep changes in response to intervention. Three participants aged between 7 to 11 months who met the criteria for Infant Sleep Disturbance (ISD) were referred by a Health Centre and the parental presence behavioural sleep intervention was implemented. Parental report and videosomonography (VSG) data were used to measure sleep before and after intervention. While parental report is limited in that parents can only report what they can hear and/or see, VSG offers a tool that can be used to measure sleep-state organisation, state changes, and periods when the infant is awake and quiet. The present research found that infants’ sleep became more consolidated resulting in fewer sleep-wake transitions and night wakings. Infants who had difficulties initiating sleep on their own also demonstrated decrease in Sleep Onset Delay (SOD). Furthermore, infants were found to sleep through a greater number of sleep-state transitions and sleep for a greater duration of time before waking. Collectively this research provides some evidence that changing parental behaviours to those that promote self-initiation through self-soothing and consistency, can change sleep-state organisation and improve self-soothing.
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Vochem, Juliana [Verfasser], and Dieter [Akademischer Betreuer] Riemann. "Wie beeinflussen körperliche und kognitive Erregung sowie nächtliches Auf-die-Uhr-Schauen den Schlaf? Normierung der Fragebögen Pre Sleep Arousal Scale (PSAS) und Time Monitoring Behaviour- 10 (TMB-10) anhand von gesunden Schläfern und Anwendung bei Patienten mit primärer Insomnie." Freiburg : Universität, 2017. http://d-nb.info/118222587X/34.
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Breslin, Jennifer H. "Sleep Disturbance, Cognition, and Behavior in Down Syndrome." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/201494.
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Children and adolescents with Down Syndrome (DS) have a high incidence of sleep problems, including Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome (OSAS). They are also likely to have deficits in neuropsychological tasks tapping prefrontal function and hippocampal function. There has recent revival of literature suggesting an active role for sleep in memory consolidation and problem-solving in both children and adults. Furthermore, given the cognitive and behavioral sequellae of OSAS in typically developing children it is logical to test if the hypoxemia and increased sleep fragmentation, the two major pathophysiological mechanisms of OSAS, seen in children with DS and OSAS may exacerbate learning or behavior disorders.Forty children with DS aged 7-18 were administered the Arizona Cognitive Test Battery (ACTB) for DS (Edgin et al., 2010), and in-home ambulatory polysomnography. Their parents were asked to complete several questionnaires assessing their child's sleep and behavior. Seventy-seven percent (n = 40) of our sample met criteria for pediatric sleep apnea (AHI>1.5), and the mean apnea hypoppnea index (AHI) was 8.4 events per hour. Our sample had a mean arousal index of 10.3, a respiratory arousal index of 3.2, and a SaO2 nadir of 86.9%. Over 70% of our sample had a SaO2 nadir below 90%. We examined the relationship between OSAS severity and cognitive and behavioral outcomes. We found that children with DS with a lower apnea hypopnea index (AHI) attained a greater number of stages on the CANTAB PAL task compared to chronologically age-matched children with higher AHI, and the variance in performance was partially explained by sleep fragmentation (i.e., the arousal index) and experimenter-rated "attention" but not hypoxemia. In addition, we also found that the low apnea group showed a trend toward outperforming the high apnea group on the KBIT-II Verbal IQ scale and DAS-2 Pattern Construction subtest.These findings have important clinical implications. First, these results suggest that early screening for OSAS in DS is important, as OSAS severity seems to explain some of the variance in cognitive functioning. Second, these findings suggest that an early intervention for OSAS might be warranted.
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Ogilvie, R. D. D. "Behavioural and physiological investigations of sleep onset." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.355276.
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Orzech, Kathryn. "Adolescent Sleep: Patterns, Perceptions and Coping Behaviors." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/194249.
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Sleep matters for adolescents. It matters for physical and mental health, for success in the classroom and in extracurricular activities, for safety while driving and for protection against potential future psychological problems and substance abuse. Although the recommended nightly amount of sleep for adolescents is over nine hours, many factors interact to preclude teens from getting the sleep they need. This study uses a biocultural, multi-method approach to examine how biological, cultural, and environmental factors interact to affect adolescent sleep behavior in a cohort of 50 high school freshmen in the United States. High school is a place where adolescents learn social and academic skills that will carry them into adult life, but it also provides a space where they are socialized into "how to sleep." By exploring sleep and related behaviors, including ways to cope with inadequate sleep, in a group of teens who were 14 or 15 years old and evenly divided between White and Hispanic and male and female participants, this research explores how sleep is embedded within webs of individual, household-level, school-specific and societal factors. Beyond examining how advice about sleep and teens' experience of sleep behavior is internalized and embodied by adolescents, special attention is paid to the relationships between personal technology use and sleep, and also to the relationships among sleep and food and caffeine intake.
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Porcheret, Kate L. "Sleep and sleep timing in relation to light and emotional processing." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2012. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:b759244a-c339-4d9f-bd03-e150a5fa1887.
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Sleep is a complex process: the timing of sleep is regulated by two systems (the sleep homeostat and the circadian clock) and there are many potential functions of sleep. The aim of this thesis was to investigate: the impact of light on the regulation of sleep timing (study 1) and the role of sleep in emotional processing (study 2). Study 1 used natural variations in environmental light levels at different geographical locations, to examine the influence of daily light irradiance on sleep timing and chronotype using the Munich chronotype questionnaire (MCTQ). 6443 students were included in this study from six universities from the northern and southern hemispheres. Students in southern hemisphere cities had earlier sleep timings than those in the northern cities. Daily irradiance was higher in the southern hemisphere cities. The amount of time spent outside, age and sex, but not daily irradiance, influenced sleep timings. Study 2 explored the impact of an analogue traumatic event (trauma film) in students who were either sleep deprived or not sleep deprived on intrusive memories ("flashbacks"), sleep physiology and the impact of an increased risk of a mood disorder on this relationship. In this study the sleep deprived participants (n=19) reported fewer intrusive memories to the trauma film than those not sleep deprived (n=22). A change in sleep physiology was observed in the first sleep period following the trauma film, which was more pronounced in the sleep deprived group: increased levels of arousal, REM density and activity in the occipital region. Only three participants at-risk of a mood disorder completed study 2: their data are presented as case studies. In conclusion this research has demonstrated that differences in sleep timings exist between cities in the southern and northern hemispheres and has confirmed that many factors can influence sleep timing. It has also been demonstrated that following a highly emotional event not sleeping may have a beneficial effect, which has implications for the treatment of people after trauma.
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Katona, Linda. "The role of cell-type selective synaptic connections in rhythmic neuronal network activity in the hippocampus." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:cebe42e9-4040-486b-8ff4-fa1bf642bea0.
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Reichmann, Heinz. "Clinical Criteria for the Diagnosis of Parkinson’s Disease." Karger, 2010. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A27712.
Full textAbstract:
The diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease (PD) follows the UK Brain Bank Criteria, which demands bradykinesia and one additional symptom, i.e. rigidity, resting tremor or postural instability. The latter is not a useful sign for the early diagnosis of PD, because it does not appear before Hoehn and Yahr stage 3. Early symptoms of PD which precede the onset of motor symptoms are hyposmia, REM sleep behavioral disorder, constipation, and depression. In addition, an increasing number of patients whose PD is related to a genetic defect are being described. Thus, genetic testing may eventually develop into a tool to identify at-risk patients. The clinical diagnosis of PD can be supported by levodopa or apomorphine tests. Imaging studies such as cranial CT or MRI are helpful to distinguish idiopathic PD from atypical or secondary PD. SPECT and PET methods are valuable to distinguish PD tremor from essential tremor if this is clinically not possible. Using all of these methods, we may soon be able to make a premotor diagnosis of PD, which will raise the question whether early treatment is possible and ethically and clinically advisable.Dieser Beitrag ist mit Zustimmung des Rechteinhabers aufgrund einer (DFG-geförderten) Allianz- bzw. Nationallizenz frei zugänglich.
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Cheek, Rita Elaine. "The relationship between sleep hygiene practices and nocturnal sleep for midlife women with and without insomnia /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/7207.
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Fuchs, Thomas. "BRAIN-BEHAVIOR ADAPTATIONS TO SLEEP LOSS IN THE NOCTURNALLY MIGRATING SWAINSON’S THRUSH (CATHARUS USTULATUS)." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1151365047.
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Bisseker, Gabrielle Jayne. "Management of Sleep Problems in Preschoolers." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Health Sciences, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/5329.
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There is minimal research into behavioural interventions for typically developing preschoolers (2-5 years of age) with sleep problems. Often these children are not considered as a distinct developmental group and are incorporated into sleep intervention studies for infants or school-aged children. Yet preschoolers do differ in their language, social and cognitive abilities. The present study examines an intervention tailored to the developmental abilities of four preschool children with sleep problems. It utilised positive reinforcement in order to create a less restrictive intervention than those based on extinction alone. This was combined with a range of other behavioural strategies such as parental presence, standard and graduated extinction to reduce a variety of sleep problems. Problems targeted included bedtime refusal, co-sleeping, night waking and a possible diagnosis of sleep terrors. Behavioural interventions effectively reduced sleep problems in all four participants. Parental report demonstrated acceptance of strategies implemented and satisfaction in intervention outcomes.
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Shantilal. "Support vector machine for high-throughput rodent sleep behavior classification." Lexington, Ky. : [University of Kentucky Libraries], 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10225/770.
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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Kentucky, 2007.Title from document title page (viewed on March 18, 2008). Document formatted into pages; contains: viii, 68 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract and vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 64-67).
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Shantilal. "SUPPORT VECTOR MACHINE FOR HIGH THROUGHPUT RODENT SLEEP BEHAVIOR CLASSIFICATION." UKnowledge, 2008. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_theses/506.
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This thesis examines the application of a Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier to automatically detect sleep and quiet wake (rest) behavior in mice from pressure signals on their cage floor. Previous work employed Neural Networks (NN) and Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) to successfully detect sleep and wake behaviors in mice. Although the LDA was successful in distinguishing between the sleep and wake behaviors, it has several limitations, which include the need to select a threshold and difficulty separating additional behaviors with subtle differences, such as sleep and rest. The SVM has advantages in that it offers greater degrees of freedom than the LDA for working with complex data sets. In addition, the SVM has direct methods to limit overfitting for the training sets (unlike the NN method). This thesis develops an SVM classifier to characterize the linearly non separable sleep and rest behaviors using a variety of features extracted from the power spectrum, autocorrelation function, and generalized spectrum (autocorrelation of complex spectrum). A genetic algorithm (GA) optimizes the SVM parameters and determines a combination of 5 best features. Experimental results from over 9 hours of data scored by human observation indicate 75% classification accuracy for SVM compared to 68% accuracy for LDA.