Relevant bibliographies by topics / Slags

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Slags'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 6 September 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Slags"

1

Li, Qi Nan, Guo Jun Ma, Xiang Zhang, and Xun Cai. "Characteristics of Metallurgical Waste Slag and its Heating Behavior in a Microwave Field." Key Engineering Materials 680 (February 2016): 574–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.680.574.

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Four kinds of typical metallurgical waste slags were characterized with their chemical composition, crystalline phases, microstructure and thermal behavior. The heating behavior of these slags in a microwave field were also examined. The results show that there is a high content of CaO in these waste slags. When the metallurgical waste slags were heated from room temperature to 1300°C, the weight loss of Blast Furnace (BF) slag and ladle furnace (LF) refining slag are only 2.25% and 0.9%, respectively, while the weight loss of Basic Oxygen Furnace (BOF) slag and electric arc furnace (EAF) slag are more than 5%. These metallurgical waste slags have a good absorption capacity for the microwave irradiation, the absorption capacity of microwave decreases in the order of converter slag > EAF carbon steel slag > baste furnace slag. In addition, the temperature-rising rates of the metallurgical waste slags increase with the microwave power and the quality or the particle sizes of slags. Furthermore, the crystalline phases of treated slag with microwave are similar with that of the untreated metallurgical slag. A number of internal cracks in particles of metallurgical slag can be found or extended after microwave treatment.
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Gupta, Avishek Kumar, Matti Aula, Jouni Pihlasalo, Pasi Mäkelä, Marko Huttula, and Timo Fabritius. "Preparation of Synthetic Titania Slag Relevant to the Industrial Smelting Process Using an Induction Furnace." Applied Sciences 11, no. 3 (January 27, 2021): 1153. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11031153.

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A high titania slag that is used as a feedstock for TiO2 manufacturing is obtained by ilmenite smelting (FeO.TiO2). The composition of the slag obtained by smelting is dependent on the composition of the mineral used for slag preparation, i.e., ilmenite in our study. At the laboratory scale, ilmenite slags are mostly obtained by using ilmenite as the raw material. An easy and simple way would be to prepare the synthetic slag using the individual components and heating them to high temperature in a furnace. The titania slag has a high oxidizing nature and requires an inert atmosphere to prevent oxidation of the slag as well as the molybdenum crucible. This paper describes the preparation of synthetic ilmenite slag using an induction furnace and the study of the composition and the phases formed in the slag. X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) were used as analytical techniques for studying the slag. A comparison between obtained synthetic slag and industrial ilmenite slag was performed to test the possibility of preparing slags in the laboratory as per the required composition. The slags show similar phase formation as obtained in industrial ilmenite slags, which means that the synthetic slags are identical to the industrial slags.
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Wiraseranee, C., T. Yoshikawa, T. H. Okabe, and K. Morita. "Effect of Al2O3, MgO, and CuOx on the dissolution behavior of rhodium in the Na2O-SiO2 slags." Journal of Mining and Metallurgy, Section B: Metallurgy 49, no. 2 (2013): 131–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jmmb121221018w.

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Aiming to optimize rhodium recovery in the high temperature recycling process by minimizing rhodium loss into slags in an oxidizing atmosphere by controlling slag composition, the effects of representative slag components, such as Al2O3, MgO, and CuOx, on the dissolution behavior of rhodium into the Na2O-SiO2 slags was investigated. The solubility of rhodium was measured by equilibrating the sodium silicate based slags with pure solid rhodium at 1473 K in air. Considering that rhodium dissolved into slags as RhO1.5, the effect of the oxide addition on the activity coefficient of RhO1.5 in slags was determined. The dissolution of rhodium in slags was suppressed by the addition of Al2O3 and MgO, where Al2O3 behaved as an acidic oxide and MgO behaved as a diluent of slag basicity at a fixed Na2O/SiO2 ratio of 0.97. The content of copper in solid rhodium equilibrated with the CuOx bearing slags slightly increased with increasing content of CuOx, and CuOx was found to slightly enhance the dissolution of rhodium. Rhodate capacity of all slag systems increased with increasing optical basicity, suggesting that the correlation between rhodate capacity and the optical basicity enables the estimation of the content of rhodium in slags of which thermodynamic properties of rhodium are not clarified.
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Long, Xiao, Wenbo Luo, Guohong Lu, Falou Chen, Xiaoning Zheng, Xingfan Zhao, and Shaolei Long. "Iron Removal from Metallurgical Grade Silicon Melts Using Synthetic Slags and Oxygen Injection." Materials 15, no. 17 (September 1, 2022): 6042. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15176042.

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Novel SiO2-CaO-CaF2-R2O-MgO based synthetic slags (R2O represents alkali metal oxides) with varied binary basicity values were used with oxygen injection to refine silicon melts and remove Fe from metallurgical-grade silicon. Silicon samples and slags at the silicon-slag interfaces were obtained during refinement. The compositions of the silicon samples were analyzed, and the quenched slag samples and mild cooling slags from the final crucible were inspected using scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. After 15 min of refinement, the Fe removal rate ranged from 52.3 to 60.1 wt%. During the refining process, the Fe-concentrated phase formed within the silicon droplets and was then transferred to the silicon-slag interfaces and wetted with slags. The Fe-concentrated phase at the silicon-slag interface can dissolve directly in the slags. It can also be transferred into the slag phase in the form of droplets, which can be affected by the binary basicity of the slags. Ti removal demonstrated a similar mechanism. Fe-bearing crystals were not detected in the quenched slag samples obtained during refinement, while complex Fe-bearing phases were detected in the final slag. This study demonstrates Fe removal from metallurgical-grade Si using slag refining methods and reveals the removal mechanism during the refinement.
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Zhao, Qiang, Lang Pang, and Dengquan Wang. "Adverse Effects of Using Metallurgical Slags as Supplementary Cementitious Materials and Aggregate: A Review." Materials 15, no. 11 (May 26, 2022): 3803. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15113803.

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This paper discusses a sustainable way to prepare construction materials from metallurgical slags. Steel slag, copper slag, lead-zinc slag, and electric furnace ferronickel slag are the most common metallurgical slags that could be used as supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) and aggregates. However, they have some adverse effects that could significantly limit their applications when used in cement-based materials. The setting time is significantly delayed when steel slag is utilized as an SCM. With the addition of 30% steel slag, the initial setting time and final setting time are delayed by approximately 60% and 40%, respectively. Because the specific gravity of metallurgical slags is 10–40% higher than that of natural aggregates, metallurgical slags tend to promote segregation when utilized as aggregates. Furthermore, some metallurgical slags deteriorate the microstructure of hardened pastes, resulting in higher porosity, lower mechanical properties, and decreased durability. In terms of safety, there are issues with the soundness of steel slag, the alkali-silica reaction involving cement and electric furnace ferronickel slag, and the environmental safety concerns, due to the leaching of heavy metals from copper slag and lead-zinc slag.
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Haubner, Roland, and Susanne Strobl. "Slag from Modern Copper Production Found in Bergwerk, Burgenland, Austria." Solid State Phenomena 341 (March 15, 2023): 11–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-4zdd71.

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The investigated slags from Bergwerk (Burgenland, Austria) are from the 17th century and a byproduct of a copper smelting process. These slags are typical plate slags but metallographic studies have shown that these slags are atypical compared to alpine slags. There is an elongated texture running across the slag but the typical fayalite dendrites are absent. Noticeable are high sulfur and Fe levels. SEM-EDX element mappings show that FeO and FeS coexist locally, suggesting that a eutectic FeO-FeS mixture exists. The melting point could have been lowered to 930 °C by the FeO-FeS eutectic. CaSO4 was also detected in the slag. The glass phase, containing all the slag impurities, is located between the fayalite and the FeO-FeS mixture. The smelting process, in which these slags were formed, is currently unknown. It has been unproven as well, what advantages such a copper smelting process could have.
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Xu, Zhong Hui, Dong Wei Li, and Xi Peng. "Environmental Activity of Heavy Metals in Slags Treated by Electrokinetic Removal Technology." Applied Mechanics and Materials 84-85 (August 2011): 264–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.84-85.264.

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Ancient pyrometallurgical zinc generated large amounts of slag. Natural leaching from ancient pyrometallurgical zinc sites had contaminated the soil closed to the deposits. Enhanced electrokinetic removal technology was adopted to treat these slags. In this paper, atomic fluorescence spectrometer and scanning electronic microscope were used to investigate the total metal concentration and the surface topography of slags. The results showed that the heavy metals content in slags was high. The content of zinc in slags was up to 114550mg/kg. The surface topography of slags indicated that that the slags were corroded obviously by rainwater and lots of poisoning elements had released to the surroundings. The optimized BCR sequential extraction procedure was used to analyze the chemical speciation of heavy metals in slags. It could be determined that the evironmental activity of ancient pyrometallurgical slag decreased obviously after the treatment with electrokinetic removal technology and part of the residual fraction of heavy metals in slags transformed to the other fractions during the electrokinetic removal process.
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Chowdhury, Saidur Rahman. "Recycled Smelter Slags for In Situ and Ex Situ Water and Wastewater Treatment—Current Knowledge and Opportunities." Processes 11, no. 3 (March 6, 2023): 783. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr11030783.

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Slags from the ferrous and nonferrous metallurgical industries have been used to treat toxic contaminants in water and wastewater. Using slag as a recycling or renewable resource rather than a waste product has environmental and economic benefits. Recycled smelter slags can be used in both in situ and ex situ treatment. However, their application has some limitations. One of the challenges is how to handle spent slag adsorbents, as they contain the accumulation of solid waste loaded with high concentrations of toxic contaminants. These challenges can be overcome by regeneration, recycling, reuse, and immobilization treatment of spent slag adsorbents. The present paper explored the scientific and technical information about the composition, reaction mechanisms, adsorption capacity, and opportunities of recycled slags while adsorbing toxic compounds from contaminated water. It comprehensively reviewed the current state of the art for using smelting slags as sustainable adsorbents for water and wastewater. The study revealed that ferrous slags are more effective in removing a wide range of toxic chemicals than nonferrous smelter slags. It investigated the necessary improved approach through the 5Rs (i.e., reduce, reuse, recycle, remove, and recover) using smelter slags as reactive materials in ex situ and in situ treatment.
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Potysz, Anna, Bartosz Mikoda, and Michał Napieraj. "(Bio)dissolution of Glassy and Diopside-Bearing Metallurgical Slags: Experimental and Economic Aspects." Minerals 11, no. 3 (March 3, 2021): 262. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min11030262.

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Dissolution of diopside-bearing slag and its amorphous counterpart was investigated to decipher recovery potential of these slags. The contribution of direct slag phase dissolution was investigated using a biotic solution with Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans versus sterile growth medium, whereas citric acid was applied to demonstrate slags dissolution in organic medium. Potential metal donor slag phases and easily released elements were identified by comparing theoretical and experimental dissolution ratios. It was shown that K and Na were the most mobile elements leaching from glassy and diopside slag (up to 99%). Recovery targeted metals were released in the quantities of 56% (Cu)–96% (Zn) from glassy slag and 27% (Cu)–98% (Zn) from diopside slag. Results demonstrated that studied slags are good candidates for Zn recovery during short-term treatment, whereas extension of time would be required for efficient Cu extraction. Abiotic growth medium had little effect on metal leaching (up to 53% versus only 3% for the glassy and diopside slags, respectively). Glassy slag revealed greater susceptibility to dissolution as compared to diopside slag. Further studies improving recovery conditions are expected to improve environmental soundness of proposed treatments and to generate residues depleted in toxic elements. This study highlights the importance of evaluation of individual slags in terms of metal and major elements leachability.
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Barnett, Vincent L. "Slags and Slag Heaps." Film International 20, no. 3 (September 1, 2022): 36–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/fint_00171_1.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Slags"

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Bronsch, Arne. "Viscosity of slags." Doctoral thesis, Technische Universitaet Bergakademie Freiberg Universitaetsbibliothek "Georgius Agricola", 2017. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:105-qucosa-229196.

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Slags plays a significant role at high temperature processes. The estimation of the slag viscosity is vital for the safe run of e.g. entrained flow gasifiers. One opportunity of determination is rotational viscometry. This technique is disadvantageous in view of elevated temperatures, applied materials and the necessary time. Additionally, the viscosity can be predicted by the help of viscosity models, where viscosity is a function of slag composition and temperature. Due to changing slag properties within the technical processes, the calculated viscosities can hugely differ from measured ones. In this work, the viscosities of 42 slags where measured up to 100 Pa s and temperatures up to 1700 °C. Oxidizing and reducing conditions were applied. Additionally, selected slag samples were quenched at defined temperatures to qualitatively and quantitatively determine the formed minerals by X-ray diffraction (XRD). Differential temperature analysis (DTA) was applied to find the onset of crystallization for the complementation of investigations. The Einstein-Roscoe equation was chosen to improve the classic viscosity models. Reducing atmosphere decreased viscosity and the number of formed minerals was increased. Slags show a shear-thinning behavior above ca. 10 vol.-% of solid mineral matter. Also, Newtonian behavior was observed up to 60 vol.-%. To overcome problems with the kinetic cooling behavior of the slags, a viscosity approximation method was applied afterwards. This can result in optimized viscosity predictions when several preconditions are fulfilled.
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Muhmood, Luckman. "Investigations of thermophysical properties of slags with focus on slag-metal interface." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Materialens processvetenskap, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-26611.

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The objective of this research work was to develop a methodology for experimentally estimating the interfacial properties at slag-metal interfaces. From previous experiments carried out in the division, it was decided to use surface active elements like sulfur or oxygen to trace any motion at the interface. For this purpose the following experimental investigations were carried out. Firstly the density of slag was estimated using the Archimedes Principle and the Sessile Drop technique. The density of the slag would give the molten slag height required for the surface active element to travel before reaching the slag-metal interface. Diffusivity measurements were uniquely designed in order to estimate the sulfur diffusion through slag media. It was for the first time that the chemical diffusivity was estimated from the concentration in the metal phase. Experiments carried out validated the models developed earlier. The density and diffusivity value of sulfur in the slag was used to accurately capture the time for sulfur to reach the slag-metal interface. The oscillations were identified by calculating the contact angle variations and the interfacial velocity was estimated from the change in the surface area of the liquid iron drop. The interfacial tension was estimated from the contact angles and the interfacial dilatational modulus was calculated. Based on cold model experiments using water as well as mercury, an equation of the dependence of the interfacial shear viscosity on the interfacial velocity and interfacial tension was established. This paved way for the estimation of the interfacial shear viscosity at the slag-metal interface. The present study is expected to have a strong impact on refining reactions in pyometallurgical industries where slag/metal interfaces play an important role. From a fundamental view point, this provides a deeper insight into interfacial phenomena and presents an experimental technique to quantify the same.
QC 20101130
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Larsson, Jesper. "Acid neutralization using steel slags : Adsorption of fluorides in solutions using AOD slags." Thesis, KTH, Materialvetenskap, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-171235.

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Surface treatment processes of stainless steel, such as pickling, produces acidic waste water consisting of Na⁺, Cl⁻, F⁻, NO⁻3, SO42-, PO43-, Fe3+, Cr6+ and Ni2+. At Sandvik ABs steel works in Sandviken, this waste water is treated and neutralized using slaked lime before being released into the lake Storsjön. The aim of this report was to make a literary review of previous work in using slag as a neutralizing agent for acidic waste water. Furthermore, to see if it’s possible to replace some or all of the slaked lime in the neutralization process with slag and to study what slag that might be suitable to use. Since the waste water contains HF acid, the focus of this report was on different materials used for fluoride adsorptions. The literary study showed that the fluoride adsorption process with BOF slag, quick lime and magnesium oxide as adsorbents were endothermic. Therefore, it benefitted from an increased temperature. Furthermore, the literature study showed that many materials follow a pseudo-second-order kinetic model as well as a Langmuir or Freundlich isotherm for a fluoride adsorption. A previous experiment showed that a mixture of BF slag and slaked lime had the best HF acid neutralization among the tested materials. A fluoride adsorption experiment was made at different temperatures (25 – 55 °C) by using a slag from an aluminium reduced steel melt and a slag from a silicon reduced steel melt from the AOD converter in Sandviken. The silicon reduced steel melt slag showed an increase of fluorides in the solution, due to the presence of calcium fluoride in the slag. This was observed for all temperatures. The aluminium reduced steel melt slag also increased the fluoride content in the solution at 25 and 30 °C. At higher temperatures the fluoride content in the solution decreased with 93.6 to 94.9 %. Na⁺, Cl⁻, F⁻, NO⁻3, SO42-, PO43-, Fe3+, Cr6+, and Ni2+
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Ekengård, Johan. "Aspects on slag/metal equilibrium calculations and metal droplet characteristics in ladle slags." Licentiate thesis, KTH, Materials Science and Engineering, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-1788.

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In the present work the mixing between the metal and slagphase during the ladle refining process from tapping from theelectric arc furnace to casting in two different Swedish steelplants has been studied.

Three slag models and the sulphur-oxygen equilibrium betweenslag and steel was used together with the dilute solution modelfor the liquid steel phase to predict the equilibrium oxygenactivity in steel bulk and metal droplets in top slag inequilibrium with the top slag. The predicted oxygen activitieswere compared with measured oxygen activities from the steelbulk. The results show significant discrepancies between thecalculated and measured oxygen activities and the reasons forthe differences are discussed.

Metal droplet distribution in slag samples have also beendetermined using classification according to the Swedishstandard SS111116. It was found that most metal droplets arefound in the slag samples taken before vacuum degassing. Thetotal area between steel droplets and slag has been determinedto be 3 to 14 times larger than the projected flat interfacearea between top slag and steel. The effect of slag viscosityand reactions between steel and slag on the metal dropletformation in slags is also discussed.

The chemical composition of the metal droplets in the topslag was determined and possible reactions taking place betweenthe steel droplets and the slag was studied. Differencesbetween steel droplet compositions and the bulk steelcomposition are discussed. The results show significantdifferences between steel droplet and bulk steelcomposition.

Key words:oxygen activity, metal droplets, sulphur,slag, ladle, refining, distribution.

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Coetzee, Colette. "Solidification behaviour of titania slags." Diss., Pretoria : [s.n.], 2003. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-02282007-152308.

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Nzotta, Mselly M. "Sulphide capacities of multicomponent slags /." Stockholm : Tekniska högsk, 1999. http://www.lib.kth.se/abs99/nzot0219.pdf.

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Johnston, Murray. "Thermodynamics of selenium and tellurium in molten metallurgical slags and alloys." University of Western Australia. School of Biomedical, Biomolecular and Chemical Sciences, 2007. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2008.0064.

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There are a number of impurity elements present in sulphide ores that can have a deleterious effect on the properties of the final copper metal product. In this thesis, an equilibrium distribution technique was used to determine the thermodynamic behaviour of selenium and tellurium in molten slags used in copper production. Calcium ferrite based slags and copper or silver alloy were equilibrated in magnesia crucibles at temperatures of 1200 to 1400 °C and oxygen partial pressures of 10-11 to 10-0.68 atm. Under conditions typical of those employed during copper converting, the minor elements were found to enter the slag as negatively charged species. The partitioning of selenium and tellurium to the slag was greatest at high temperature, low oxygen partial pressure and at highest concentration of basic oxide (CaO or BaO). The experimentally derived data were combined with published information to calculate the selenide and telluride capacities of the slag, and also to generate fundamental thermodynamic activity data for selenium and tellurium in the slag phase. It was found that the activity coefficients of selenium and tellurium were independent of their concentration in the slag over the range studied, but were strongly dependent on the temperature, slag chemistry and oxidation state of the slag. Experiments were also designed and carried out to determine what effect the presence of iron oxide and its oxidation state has on the behaviour of selenium in the slag. A series of experiments involving iron oxide additions to a calcium aluminate slag was conducted under increasingly oxidising conditions to assess the effect of total iron on the selenide capacity as the dominant oxidation state of iron in the slag changed. It was shown that at a constant ratio of CaO:Al2O3, the selenide capacity increased with total iron in the slag. However, the effect on the selenide capacity did not appear any more significant as the Fe3+:Fe2+ ratio changed in a particular direction. 4 Another series of experiments was carried out with iron calcium silicate slags to determine the stability of phases within the slag, and how this affected the equilibrium distribution and activity coefficient of selenium in the slag. A number of solid phases were identified and their composition determined by scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy and electron microprobe analysis. The composition and minor element content of the remaining liquid was calculated using a thermodynamic model. From this it was found that the capacity of the liquid slag has a region of independence against slag chemistry, before increasing strongly with increasing lime content to the calcium ferrite composition. Some of the implications of this work are discussed with reference to the practicality of adjusting the process variables in a large-scale industrial process for the purpose of managing minor element content of the molten phases. Considerations include the effect on copper recovery and rate of wear of furnace refractory materials.
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Jelkina, Albertsson Galina. "Investigations of Stabilization of Cr in Spinel Phase in Chromium-Containing Slags." Licentiate thesis, KTH, Materialens processvetenskap, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-50709.

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The influence of basicity, heat treatment as well as different oxygen partial pressures on the phase relationships in the CaO-MgO-SiO2-Cr2O3 slags was studied with a view to control the precipitation of Cr-spinel in the slag phase. The equilibrium phases in CaO-MgO-SiO2-Cr2O3 slag system in the range on 1673-1873 K have been investigated under low oxygen partial pressure as well as in as air atmosphere. In low oxygen partial pressure experiments, a suitable mixture of CO and CO2 was used to control the oxygen partial pressure. The oxygen partial pressure was kept at 10-4 Pa. The Cr2O3 and MgO contents in the slag were fixed to be 6 and 8wt% respectively. The basicity (CaO/ SiO2) of the slag was varied in the range 1.0-2.0. Gas/slag equilibrium technique was adopted to synthesize the slag at a suitable temperature above the liquidus point. One heat treatment procedure is that the samples were heated to and soaked at 1873 K for 24h in order to achieve the equilibrium state and subsequently quenched in water. The other is that the samples were heated to and soaked at 1873 K for 24h, then slow cooled to 1673 K and soaked at this temperature for additional 24h in order to achieve the equilibrium state at lower temperature before quenching in water. The chromium distribution and phase compositions in the quenched slag were studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray diffraction techniques (XRD). FACTsage software was used for the phase equilibrium calculations. The experimental results obtained from the present work are compared with the calculation results from FACTsage software as well as with results from samples directly quenched after soaking at 1873K. It is found that the spinel formation at 1873 K in air atmosphere is favored in the slag basicity range of 1.0 to 1.6. The size of spinel crystals increased drastically after slow cooling followed by annealing compared to samples being quenched after soaking at 1873 K. The amount of foreign elements dissolved in the spinel phase, and matrix phases decreased after slow cooling followed by annealing at lower temperature, resulting in purer phases with less defects. It was found that the amount of foreign elements in the spinel phase, and other phases decreased after soaking at very low PO2. The size of the spinel crystals was found to be larger in samples with low basicity. Spinel phase precipitation has improved in the samples with higher basicities compared to the results obtained in air.
QC 20111208
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9

McDonnell, John G. "The classification of early ironworking slags." Thesis, Aston University, 1986. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/11864/.

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Bessinger, Deon. "Cooling characteristics of high titania slags." Diss., Pretoria : [s.n.], 2001. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-07212006-102324/.

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Books on the topic "Slags"

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Piatak, Nadine M., and Vojtech Ettler, eds. Metallurgical Slags. Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/9781839164576.

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Smirnova, L. A., dokt. tekhn. nauk., Deri͡a︡bina A. A, and Uralʹskiĭ nauchno-issledovatelʹskiĭ institut chernykh metallov., eds. Shlaki chernoĭ metallurgii, ikh pererabotka i ispolʹzovanie. Sverdlovsk: Uralʹskiĭ nauchno-issl. in-t chernykh metallov, 1990.

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Östman, Nan Inger. Ett slags sällskap: Roman. [Stockholm]: Wahlstrr̈om & Wikdstrand, 1999.

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Frostholm, Christian Yde. Virvaret, en slags orkester. [Valby]: Borgen, 1986.

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Ferreira, Jardel Prata. Nitrogen solubility in molten slags. Ottawa: National Library of Canada, 1992.

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Mills, K. C. Physicochemical properties of BOS slags. Luxembourg: Commission of the European Communities, 1986.

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Mikrovas, Anthony C. Heat transfer characteristics of molten slags. Ottawa: National Library of Canada, 1990.

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Gavrilovic, Sandrine. Leachability of heavy metals from slags. Manchester: UMIST, 1998.

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Rømhild, Lars Peter. Slags: Om litterære arter, genrer, motiver. [Copenhagen]: Gyldendal, 1986.

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Reddy, Ramana G., Pinakin Chaubal, P. Chris Pistorius, and Uday Pal, eds. Advances in Molten Slags, Fluxes, and Salts. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119333197.

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Book chapters on the topic "Slags"

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Chiang, Pen-Chi, and Shu-Yuan Pan. "Iron and Steel Slags." In Carbon Dioxide Mineralization and Utilization, 233–52. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-3268-4_11.

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Vollprecht, Daniel. "Mineralogy of Metallurgical Slags." In Minerals and Waste, 135–54. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-16135-3_6.

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Davis, Boyd, Trevor Lebel, Roberto Parada, and Roberto Parra. "Slag Reduction Kinetics of Copper Slags from Primary Copper Production." In Advances in Molten Slags, Fluxes, and Salts, 657–65. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119333197.ch70.

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Pichler, Christoph, Jürgen Antrekowitsch, and Karl Pilz. "Pyrometallurgical Processing of Desulphurization Slags." In The Minerals, Metals & Materials Series, 127–35. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-95022-8_9.

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Hauptmann, Andreas. "Archaeometallurgical Slags and Other Debris." In Natural Science in Archaeology, 199–293. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-50367-3_5.

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Li, Bowen, Mingsheng He, and Canhua Li. "Characteristics of WISCO Steelmaking Slags." In The Minerals, Metals & Materials Series, 95–103. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-72484-3_10.

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Reddy, R. G., and Z. Zhang. "Viscosity Measurements of Lead Slags." In Recycling of Metals and Engineercd Materials, 153–63. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118788073.ch14.

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Kierczak, Jakub, Anna Pietranik, and Nadine M. Piatak. "CHAPTER 4. Weathering of Slags." In Chemistry in the Environment, 125–50. Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/9781839164576-00125.

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Davis, Boyd, Trevor Lebel, Roberto Parada, and Roberto Parra. "Slag Reduction Kinetics of Copper Slags from Primary Copper Production." In Advances in Molten Slags, Fluxes, and Salts: Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Molten Slags, Fluxes and Salts 2016, 657–65. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48769-4_70.

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Barka, Elissavet, and Emanuel Birle. "Use of Steel Slags in Earthworks—Hydraulic Properties of Steel Slags and Granulometrically Modified Steel Slags Under Saturated and Unsaturated Conditions." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 403–14. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-77238-3_30.

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Conference papers on the topic "Slags"

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Chowdhury, S. R. "Recycled smelter slag as an engineering material - opportunity and sustainability." In Advanced Topics in Mechanics of Materials, Structures and Construction. Materials Research Forum LLC, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21741/9781644902592-21.

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Abstract. Slags obtained from the Vale Copper Cliff smelter in Sudbury, Ontario, Canada, were investigated as sustainable engineering materials in this study. The recycled smelter waste products can remove toxic contaminants from the aqueous environment as well as be used in the construction industry (as aggregates, cement admixtures, filling materials), soil improvement for agricultural purposes, and other value-added applications and products. The removal mechanisms of the heavy metals (such as Zn, Pb, and Cu, etc.) from aqueous solutions could be physical or chemical adsorption, ion exchange, oxidation-reduction, etc. At the same time, using recycled smelter slags in various engineering applications can help with waste reduction, disposal cost reduction, resource recovery, and increased reused activities. The present study helps explore the scope of using recycled materials in the treatment or construction industry. Using industrial smelter slag as a recycling or renewable resource rather than a waste product has environmental and economic benefits. The study also specifically discusses Ni smelter slag's composition, application, treatment efficiency, opportunity, economic benefits, and circularity for sustainable management.
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Liu, Sheng, and Yingli Hao. "A Critical Review of Slag Properties of Chinese Coals for Entrained Flow Coal Gasifier." In ASME 2007 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2007-43307.

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Numbers of entrained flow coal gasifiers have been built in China. In China, the coal types are various and the properties between coals from different collieries are quite different causing the properties of slag different too. The experimental data for slag properties of Chinese coal are collected and critically reviewed, especially for the conditions in entrained flow coal gasifiers. The most widely used models for predicting the fusion characteristics and viscosity of Chinese coal ash slags are compared. The most suitable models for fusion characteristics and viscosity of Chinese coal ash slags are recommended. For other properties, empirical models with widely suitability are also recommended.
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Hamama, Ayoub, M. Harrami, M. Saadi, A. Assani, and Adeljebbar Diouri. "Physico-Chemical Characterization of the Electric Arc Furnace Slag (EAFS) of the Sonasid-Jorf Steelworks - Morocco." In 4th International Conference on Bio-Based Building Materials. Switzerland: Trans Tech Publications Ltd, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/cta.1.691.

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The steelmaking process results in the by-product formation of electric arc furnace slag (EAFS). Slag is recovered at two different stages of the steelmaking process, the first recovery is black and the second is white. The present research focuses on the composition differences between the two types of slag from SONASID-Jorf steel in Morocco. A granular separation of the black and white slag was carried out to monitor the chemical and mineralogical composition. XRD and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy are performed on the samples in this paper. The slags suggest good hydraulic binder properties. It would be useful for research in the field of building materials to correlate the results of the characterization of EAFS with other types of slag with the aim of improving the potential for partial replacement of cement in the matrix. The slag can also be used as binders in mixtures of bio-based building materials. The electric arc furnace slag (EAFS), exhibiting appropriate cementitious activity, can be utilized as mineral admixture in cement and concrete. Black and white slags are studied in this paper in order to determine their characteristics according to their granularity.
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Gudenau, H. W., H. Hoberg, and A. Mayerhofer. "Hot Gas Cleaning for Combined Cycle Based on Pressurized Coal Combustion." In ASME 1994 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/94-gt-417.

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The aim of a project supported by the Minister of Science and Technology is the development of a process for gas cleaning at temperatures above 1573K. The simultaneous removal of particles and alkalis should be possible with this process. This hot gas cleaning ought to be integrated into an advanced combined cycle based on a pressurized slag tap furnace. The research concerning the development of a venturi scrubber with molten slag have been done at the Institute of Ferrous Metallurgy of the Technical University of Aachen. Studies concerning the chemical and physical properties of slags are necessary to realize such a system for hot gas cleaning. This research must be followed by research concerning the influence of physical properties of slags such as viscosity or surface tension on the atomization of liquids. Furthermore, studies are necessary concerning the precipitation efficiency of a venturi scrubber with a liquid which has the same physical properties as slag. This paper presents thermochemical calculations with regard to the absorption of gaseous alkalis by molten slag. Furthermore, it contains the investigations concerning the influence of alkali oxides on the viscosity of moltén slag.
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Ene, Nicoleta Mariana, Carmen Răcănel, and Adrian Burlacu. "The study of moisture susceptibility for asphalt mixtures containing blast furnace slags." In 6th International Conference on Road and Rail Infrastructure. University of Zagreb Faculty of Civil Engineering, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5592/co/cetra.2020.1049.

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Nowadays, in the context of increasing traffic, extending road network, and environmental protection, an important target is to develop sustainable roads through the use of by-products derived from various manufacturing processes that can lead to the reduction of environmental degradation. Blast furnace slag is the resulting material during the casting processes of the iron. This is a non-metallic process that is obtained by melting the chemical compounds from the sterile, ash coxe, and the founders. As a result of global research, it has been found that an ecological asphalt mixture (with slags as aggregate) can be used as a pavement layer. However, there are inconveniences related to poor moisture susceptibility. In this context, this paper presents the study of moisture susceptibility of asphalt mixtures with blast furnace slags starting from a basic recipe of AC 31.5 type with natural aggregate and replacing the natural aggregate with slag in different percentages. The paper presents the tests carried out on 15 asphalt mixture recipes with partial and total replacement of natural aggregates with slag artificial aggregates and compared to a classic recipe where 100% natural aggregates were used. The used tests were chosen to characterize the water-related behavior: water absorption and indirect tensile strength test. The results indicate that asphalt mixture with slag aggregates can be a valuable resource in designing asphalt mixtures and satisfactory performance has been achieved.
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Pribulova, Alena. "HYDRAULICITY OF METALLURGICAL SLAGS." In 18th International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference SGEM2018. Stef92 Technology, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2018/4.2/s18.012.

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Calvet, Nicolas, Guilhem Dejean, Lucía Unamunzaga, and Xavier Py. "Waste From Metallurgic Industry: A Sustainable High-Temperature Thermal Energy Storage Material for Concentrated Solar Power." In ASME 2013 7th International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the ASME 2013 Heat Transfer Summer Conference and the ASME 2013 11th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2013-18333.

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The ambitious DOE SunShot cost target ($0.06/kWh) for concentrated solar power (CSP) requires innovative concepts in the collector, receiver, and power cycle subsystems, as well as in thermal energy storage (TES). For the TES, one innovative approach is to recycle waste from metallurgic industry, called slags, as low-cost high-temperature thermal energy storage material. The slags are all the non-metallic parts of cast iron which naturally rises up by lower density at the surface of the fusion in the furnace. Once cooled down some ceramic can be obtained mainly composed of oxides of calcium, silicon, iron, and aluminum. These ceramics are widely available in USA, about 120 sites in 32 States and are sold at a very low average price of $5.37/ton. The US production of iron and steel slag was estimated at 19.7 million tons in 2003 which guarantees a huge availability of material. In this paper, electric arc furnace (EAF) slags from steelmaking industry, also called “black slags”, were characterized in the range of temperatures of concentrated solar power. The raw material is thermo-chemically stable up to 1100 °C and presents a low cost per unit thermal energy stored ($0.21/kWht for ΔT = 100 °C) and a suitable heat capacity per unit volume of material (63 kWht/m3for ΔT = 100°C). These properties should enable the development of new TES systems that could achieve the TES targets of the SunShot (temperature above 600 °C, installed cost below $15/kWht, and heat capacity ≥25 kWht/m3). The detailed experimental results are presented in the paper. After its characterization, the material has been shaped in form of plates and thermally cycled in a TES system using hot-air as heat transfer fluid. Several cycles of charge and discharged were performed successfully and the concept was validated at laboratory scale. Apart from availability, low-cost, and promising thermal properties, the use of slag promotes the conservation of natural resources and is a noble solution to decrease the cost and to develop sustainable TES systems.
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Valentin, Jan, Pavla Vacková, Nadia Maria Jose Tarifa, and Dimitra Giannaka. "Potential substitutions of traditional hydraulic binders in cold recycled mixtures using blast furnace slag." In 6th International Conference on Road and Rail Infrastructure. University of Zagreb Faculty of Civil Engineering, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5592/co/cetra.2020.1246.

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Cold recycling techniques are known for decades in pavement engineering as a suitable rehabilitation method mainly for existing asphalt pavements. Traditionally the most common solution is to use bituminous emulsion or foamed bitumen as a binder usually in combination with small amount of cement or lime as active fillers. In some countries cement or hydraulic road binders are preferred instead of bitumen based options since it is believed that hydraulic binders can increase the bearing capacity of cold recycled layer especially for pavements with underestimated structures which were designed >40 years ago. Based on that the Faculty of Civil Engineering, CTU Prague is for more than 10 years evaluating and developing further alternatives for the cement-based approach of cold recycled mixtures. In the past experience with fly-ashes or activated fly-ash based alternative binders were presented. Presently the focus is concentrating on the potentials of using blast furnace slags which are not generally usable for the cement industry (e.g. because of limited content of glassy compounds which are very typical mainly for granulated blast furnace slags). Air-cooled blast furnace slags were selected and activated by high-speed milling to get a material with latent hydraulic properties. This modified slag was applied in several options to cold recycled mixtures and standard strength and deformation tests were performed, including the determination of resistance to water immersion. Separately pastes based on used treated fine-grained slags were tested and evaluated. Data of the pastes are discussed jointly with the results for experimentally tested cold recycled mixtures.
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Jiang, Jing, Qiang Lei, Chen Xu, Zhaowen Zhu, Chunyan Xu, Shijun Wang, Xiaolong Li, and Min Zhang. "Summary of the Practice of Clearance of Uranium-Containing Calcium Fluoride Slags in China’s Nuclear Facilities." In 2021 28th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone28-64357.

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Abstract During the operation of some nuclear facilities in China, a large amount of uranium-containing and fluorine-containing wastewater will be produced, which requires de-uranium and de-fluorine treatment before discharge. The commonly used method for removing fluoride at present is the chemical lime precipitation method, that is, adding lime to fluorine-containing wastewater to combine fluoride ions with calcium ions to form calcium fluoride precipitation that is insoluble in water. This method has the advantages of low cost and easy operation, but it will produce a large amount of uranium-containing calcium fluoride slag. The content of CaF2 in these slags is more than 80%. If the uranium-containing calcium fluoride slag is cleaned and controlled and reused as a non-radioactive waste, it will not only use fluorine resources, but also eliminate the secondary pollution of fluorine. This article mainly introduces the clearance activities of uranium-containing calcium fluoride slags carried out by the nuclear facilities, including process conditions, source item investigation, waste sampling, nuclide concentration analysis, release control evaluation, release destination and quality Guarantee, etc., and provide relevant management and technical advice on the cleaning and control of uranium-containing calcium fluoride slag based on the above-mentioned practice.
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KLÁROVÁ, Miroslava, Jozef VLČEK, Michaela TOPINKOVÁ, and Jiří BURDA. "bonding ability of ladle slags." In METAL 2021. TANGER Ltd., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37904/metal.2021.4230.

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Reports on the topic "Slags"

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Steadman, E. N., S. A. Benson, and J. W. Nowok. Thermal conductivity of coal ashes and slags. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10110104.

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Alan W. Cramb. Quantifying the Thermal Behavior of Slags (TRP 9903). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/840954.

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Choudhry, Vas, Stephen Kwan, and Steven R. Hadley. UTILIZATION OF LIGHTWEIGHT MATERIALS MADE FROM COAL GASIFICATION SLAGS. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/785151.

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Choudhry, V., and S. Hadley. Utilization of Lightweight Materials Made from Coal Gasificaiton Slags. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/425211.

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Unknown. UTILIZATION OF LIGHTWEIGHT MATERIALS MADE FROM COAL GASIFICATION SLAGS. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/767395.

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Unknown. UTILIZATION OF LIGHTWEIGHT MATERIALS MADE FROM COAL GASIFICATION SLAGS. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/769318.

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J.Y. Hwang. Verification of Steelmaking Slags Iron Content Final Technical Progress Report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/892748.

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Douglas, E., P. Mainwaring, M. Can Roode, and R. T. Hemmings. Determination of glass content in fly ashes and blast-furnace slags. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/307262.

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John Kay and Kurt Eylands. Advanced Characterization of Slags and Refractory Bricks Using Electron Backscatter Diffraction. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/984654.

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Choudhry, V., T. Zimmerle, and D. D. Banerjee. Utilization of Illinois slags for the production of ultra-lightweight aggregates. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6865619.

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