Journal articles: 'Slag resistance'

1

Skaf, Marta, Emiliano Pasquini, Víctor Revilla-Cuesta, and Vanesa Ortega-López. "Performance and Durability of Porous Asphalt Mixtures Manufactured Exclusively with Electric Steel Slags." Materials 12, no. 20 (October 11, 2019): 3306. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12203306.

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Electric arc furnace slag (EAFS) and ladle furnace slag (LFS) are by-products of the electric steelmaking sector with suitable properties for use in bituminous mixtures as both coarse and fine aggregates, respectively. In this research, the production of a porous asphalt mixture with an aggregate skeleton consisting exclusively of electric steelmaking slags (using neither natural aggregates nor fillers) is explored. The test program examines the asphalt mixtures in terms of their mechanical performance (abrasion loss and indirect tensile strength), durability (cold abrasion loss, aging, and long-term behavior), water sensitivity, skid and rutting resistance, and permeability. The results of the slag-mixes are compared with a standard mix, manufactured with siliceous aggregates and cement as filler. The porous mixes manufactured with the slags provided similar results to the conventional standard mixtures. Some issues were noted in relation to compaction difficulties and the higher void contents of the slag mixtures, which reduced their resistance to raveling. Other features linked to permeability and skid resistance were largely improved, suggesting that these mixtures are especially suitable for permeable pavements in rainy regions. In conclusion, a porous asphalt mixture was produced with 100% slag aggregates that met current standards for long-lasting and environmentally friendly mixtures.

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Babenko, A. A., M. V. Ushakov, A. V. Murzin, and L. Yu Mikhailova. "Elaboration and mastering of technology of semiproduct smelting in EAF under magnesia slags." Ferrous Metallurgy. Bulletin of Scientific , Technical and Economic Information 75, no. 8 (September 6, 2019): 936–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.32339/0135-5910-2019-8-936-943.

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Technology of magnesia slags forming provides increase of electric energy utilization efficiency and furnace lining resistance due to early formation of stable slag foam and decrease of aggressive slag impact on the lining. At the same time the practice of operation with magnesia slags shows, that excessive over-saturation them by magnesium oxide results in heterogenization, decrease of refining properties and deterioration of some technological, technical and economic process indices. Therefore, study and elaboration technology of rational composition magnesia slags forming by periods of a heating in EAF is an actual task. Results of numerical simulation of slag temperature and chemical composition effect on MgO saturation concentration during different melting periods in EAF presented. Besides, results of analysis of refining abilities of magnesia slags depending on MgO saturation degree also presented study of magnesia slags viscosity effect depending on MgO basicity and saturation concentration, as well as magnesia slag chemical and phase composition effect on foaming efficiency. Results of theoretical and experimental study were used as a base of elaboration rational slag composition by periods of melting in the EAF and technological techniques of their formation. A technology elaborated and implemented at PAO “Seversky pipe plant” EAF shop by leaving some amount of high-magnesia slags of the previous heat and addition in two stages high-magnesia flux of “Magma” grade during the oxidizing period. This resulted in a record resistance of the refractory EAF lining, exceeding 1900 heats within a campaign and a high level of technological, technical and economic process indices.

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Yu, Chao, Chengji Deng, Hongxi Zhu, Zhengliang Xue, and Jun Ding. "Slag corrosion resistance of Al4SiC4." International Journal of Materials Research 108, no. 3 (March 13, 2017): 249–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3139/146.111469.

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Xu, Haiqin, Shaopeng Wu, Hechuan Li, Yuechao Zhao, and Yang Lv. "Study on Recycling of Steel Slags Used as Coarse and Fine Aggregates in Induction Healing Asphalt Concretes." Materials 13, no. 4 (February 17, 2020): 889. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13040889.

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Steel slag, a by-product of steelmaking, imposes lots of negative impacts on the environment. For alleviating negative impacts, more and more experiments have been carried out to explore the application possibility of steel slag. The purpose of this study is to explore the feasibility of steel slag being applied in induction healing asphalt concretes to replace coarse and fine aggregate. Surface texture and pore sizes of steel slag were firstly tested, and then steel slag and basalt asphalt mixtures modified with steel fibers were prepared. Moisture susceptibility, dynamic stability, mechanical property, thermal property, induction heating speed, natural cooling speed and healing property of the asphalt mixtures were evaluated. Results showed that steel slags had more obvious holes in the surface while the surface area is much larger than that of basalt. Furthermore, steel fibers and steel slag both have dynamic stability, and steel fibers contribute to increased moisture resistance while steel slag is not. Steel slag asphalt concrete showed better mechanical property and better capacity to store heating. Steel slag asphalt mixtures had a similar heating speed to basalt asphalt mixtures but a significantly slower cooling rate. Finally, the induction healing test and CT scanning test demonstrated that steel slag asphalt mixtures had a similar healing ability to basalt asphalt mixtures. It can be concluded that steel slags have the potential to replace the natural aggregates to be applied in induction heating self-healing asphalt concretes.

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Yuan, Wen Jie, Cheng Ji Deng, Wei Zhou, and Hong Xi Zhu. "The Slag Resistance of Al₄SiC₄-Al₄O₄C Composite Refractories." Applied Mechanics and Materials 692 (November 2014): 224–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.692.224.

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The effect of phase composition and microstructure of Al4SiC4-Al4O4C composite refractories after sintered and immersion in the slag on its slag resistance was preliminary investigated. The penetration layer in refractories synthesized at 1700 °C resulted from loose microstructure led to worse slag resistance. While the refractories synthesized at 1800 °C presented better slag resistance because the dense microstructure and higher Al4SiC4 content inhibited the slag penetration and corrosion.

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Chen, Tie Jun. "Study on Full-Slag Concrete Feasibility." Advanced Materials Research 535-537 (June 2012): 1682–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.535-537.1682.

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In this paper, of the slag composition, stability and slag particles indicators of concrete performance, demonstrated use of steel slag to do the Complete Works of material, steel slag powder admixture with high wear resistance, water resistance slag cement preparationthe feasibility of high-performance cement concrete.

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Ma, Bei Yue, Qiang Zhu, Yong Sun, Jing Kun Yu, and Ying Li. "Influences of Commercial SiC and Al₂O₃-SiC Synthesized from Clay on the Slag Resistance of Corundum Material." Advanced Materials Research 146-147 (October 2010): 526–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.146-147.526.

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The corundum based material was prepared, with fused white corundum, commercial SiC powder and superfine Al2O3-SiC powder synthesized from clay by carbothermal reduction reaction as raw materials. The influences of SiC and Al2O3-SiC powders on the slag penetration and corrosion resistance of the material were investigated, and the slag resistance mechanisms of the additives were also discussed. It was found that the slag resistance of the corundum material by adding Al2O3-SiC and SiC powders could be improved obviously. For improving the slag resistance of the corundum material, adding Al2O3-SiC was much better than adding commercial SiC. When the Al2O3-SiC powder contacted with the molten slag, Al2O3 in the additive could be dissolved into the molten slag immediately, while SiC remained, which caused the viscosity of molten slag to be increased. So, the slag penetration and slag corrosion into the corundum material could be effectively inhibited.

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8

Kempf, Luca-Alexander, Rolf Breitenbücher, Christian Gerten, and Andreas Ehrenberg. "Optimizing the acid resistance of concrete with granulated blast-furnace slag." Acta Polytechnica CTU Proceedings 33 (March 3, 2022): 295–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.14311/app.2022.33.0295.

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Concrete structures exposed to high levels of chemical attacks are assigned to exposure class XA3, which recommends separate concrete protection or a special expert solution to ensure durability. Due to the partial substitution of Portland cement by blast-furnace slag, an increased resistance to acid attacks could be achieved within the framework of a research project. The technical and ecological advantages of cements containing granulated blast-furnace slag were exploited through chemical, granulometric and concrete technological optimizations. Despite extensive parameters, a statistical test design (DoE) was able to limit the experimental effort, thus defining principles for the conception of binder systems with increased chemical resistance.Mortar prisms indicated that the use of (ultrafine) blast-furnace slags (up to 13,000 cm2/g according to Blaine) with a broad particle size distribution can have a positive effect both on the capillary/gel pore ratio and on the calcium hydroxide content in the cement stone. Furthermore, the chemical composition of the blast-furnace slag as well as the water-binder ratio are decisive influencing factors for the acid-resistance, which was confirmed in accelerated acid resistance tests on concretes (pH-stat method). After 13 weeks of storing concrete specimens in sulfuric acid (H2SO4, pH 3.5), reduced damage depths and lower weight losses were observed compared to conventional binder compositions. The results serve as a basis for the development of highly acid-resistant concretes using blast-furnace slag-containing binder systems. Currently, the acid resistance of those concretes is being investigated in a long-term study by outsourcing representative test specimens into the Emscher sewer.

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9

Humad, Habermehl-Cwirzen, and Cwirzen. "Effects of Fineness and Chemical Composition of Blast Furnace Slag on Properties of Alkali‐Activated Binder." Materials 12, no. 20 (October 21, 2019): 3447. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12203447.

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The effects of fines and chemical composition of three types of ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) on various concrete properties were studied. Those studied were alkali activated by liquid sodium silicate (SS) and sodium carbonate (SC). Flowability, setting times, compressive strength, efflorescence, and carbonation resistance and shrinkage were tested. The chemical composition and microstructure of the solidified matrixes were studied by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with EDX analyser. The results showed that the particle size distribution of the slags and the activator type had significantly stronger effects on all measured properties than their chemical composition. The highest compressive strength values were obtained for the finest slag, which having also the lowest MgO content. SC‐activated mortar produced nearly the same compressive strength values independently of the used slag. The most intensive efflorescence and the lowest carbonation resistance developed on mortars based on slag containing 12% of MgO and the lowest fineness. The slag with the highest specific surface area and the lowest MgO content developed a homogenous microstructure, highest reaction temperature and lowest drying shrinkage. Thermogravimetric analysis indicated the presence of C‐(A)-S-H, hydrotalcite HT, and carbonate like‐phases in all studied mortars.

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Kushnirskii, G. M., V. G. Sloushch, A. N. Sokolov, E. S. Borisovskii, L. M. Myznikova, I. K. Orlov, and T. V. Zhukova. "Slag resistance of refractories for evacuators." Refractories 27, no. 7-8 (July 1986): 429–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01389512.

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Komljenović, Miroslav M., Zvezdana Baščarević, Nataša Marjanović, and Violeta Nikolić. "Decalcification resistance of alkali-activated slag." Journal of Hazardous Materials 233-234 (September 2012): 112–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2012.06.063.

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12

Grizman, Sergey A., and Natalia V. Marchenko. "INVESTIGATION OF REFRACTORIES FOR SLAG RESISTANCE." Научный вестник Арктики, no. 11 (2021): 56–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.52978/25421220_2021_11_56.

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13

Shang, Jian Li, and Xiang Li. "Experimental Research of Concrete Resistance to Freezing-Thawing by Double Mixing Steel Slag." Advanced Materials Research 772 (September 2013): 161–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.772.161.

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This work is aimed at resistance to durability of steel slag concrete containing different kinds of steel slag based on maximum utilization of industrial waste residue. The experimental investigation is conducted to study the resistance property to freezing-thawing of concrete which containing steel slag aggregate (SSA), steel slag powder (SSP) and ground granulated blast furnace slag powder (GSP) respectively. One of the specimens is made of ordinary concrete without steel slag as baseline group, the other three concrete specimens are fabricated with the utilization of SSA, and the replacement level is 25%, in combination with 30% SSP or 30% SSP/20% GSP by total binder content. The durable property of steel slag concrete in this study is freezing-thawing resistance, microscopic properties are analyzed by SEM and XRD tests. Experimental results indicate that the concrete which SSA replacement level is 25%, and in combination with 30% SSP and 20% GSP, resistance property of freezing-thawing is superior to baseline group, total dosage of steel slag achieved to 55%. And the mechanism of combined action by adding steel slag is discussed in this paper.

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Wei, Hong Yun, Yu Guo Wei, Xiu Li Zhang, Wei Feng Zhou, and Yuan Yuan Li. "Study on Influences of Slag Powder and Fly Ash on Concrete Penetration Performance." Applied Mechanics and Materials 357-360 (August 2013): 570–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.357-360.570.

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The resistance to chloride ion penetration of the concrete added with slag powder and fly ash is studied in this paper. The tests show that: adding slag powder and fly ash to concrete can improve the concrete’s resistance to chloride ion penetration; if only adding slag powder, the larger the adding content and the longer the test age, the better the concrete’s resistance to chloride ion penetration; if only adding fly ash, the longer the test age, the better the concrete’s resistance to chloride ion penetration; at the age of 28, 56 days, if the fly ash adding content is 30%, the concrete’s resistance to chloride ion penetration is optimal, while at the age of 84 days, if the fly ash adding content is 40%, the concrete’s resistance to chloride ion penetration is optimal; if adding both slag power and fly ash, the larger the adding content and the longer the test age, the better the concrete’s resistance to chloride ion penetration; if the test age and adding content remain constant, for the concrete’s resistance to chloride ion penetration, it is the best when adding both slag power and fly ash, it is good when adding only slag power, and it is poor when adding only fly ash; for the influences of the test age on the concrete’s resistance to chloride ion penetration, it is maximum when adding only fly ash, it is moderate when adding both slag powder and fly ash, and it is minimum when adding only slag power; and the larger the adding content, the greater the influences of the test age on the concrete’s resistance to chloride ion penetration.

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Chen, Song Lin, Lin Yuan, Zhong Qi Feng, Xi Jun Liu, and Jia Lin Sun. "Corrosion Resistance Mechanism of MgO-ZrO₂ Brick in RH Degasser Slag." Advanced Materials Research 415-417 (December 2011): 2048–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.415-417.2048.

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Slag corrosion resistance behavior of MgO-ZrO2 refractory was investigated in this work. The results indicated that in the non-oriented electric steel slag system with a high ratio of calcia to silica, the slag resistance behavior of MgO-ZrO2 composite could be described as follows: the ZrO2 reacts with CaO forming the calcium zirconate compound which is densification encapsulating periclase lay. However, in the oriented electric steel slag system with a high concentration of silica and the low ratio value of calcia to silica, the slag corrosion resistance behavior of MgO-ZrO2 composite is different. The ZrO2 would react with CaO forming the calcium zirconate and simultaneously, one more product C2S as well. C2S has double response of strength and could increase corrosion resistance performance by blinding pore and thickening slag viscosity. Therefore, it is expected to be the major reason for the enhanced corrosion resistance behavior observed for MgO-ZrO2 refractory.

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Liu, Hui, Ping Li, and Qiao Lan Jin. "Influence of Slag Fineness on Durability of High-Performance Concrete." Applied Mechanics and Materials 204-208 (October 2012): 3240–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.204-208.3240.

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This research focuses on investigating the high performance concrete durability containing slag with different fineness and dosage. For this purpose, the 28-day compressive strength, chloride ion penetration, and frost resistance were investigated, with slag surface area 420m2/kg, 530m2/kg, 610m2/kg, and 720m2/kg, and replacement percentage 0%, 20%, 40%, and 60%, respectively. It was found that chloride ion penetration resistance were affected by the fineness and dosage of slag, and concrete frost resistance property was mainly controlled by dosage of slag rather than the fineness, and the 28-day compressive strength increased with slag incorporation.

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Wang, Teng, Xiao Mei Wan, Qi Yu, Zhong Tao Sun, and Xiao Han. "Investigation on Electrical Resistance of Chloride Penetration of Alkali Activated Slag Concrete." Materials Science Forum 1036 (June 29, 2021): 378–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1036.378.

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Alternating-current method for measuring chloride penetration resistance of concrete, test method for coulomb electric flux and rapid chloride migration coefficient (RCM) were applied to evaluate the resistance of chloride penetration in alkali-activated slag concrete in this paper. At the same time, the applicability of the above three electrical parameters test methods to the alkali slag concrete was discussed. The results show that NaOH activated slag concrete behaves higher resistance to chloride penetration than water glass activated slag concrete. Blend of fly ash increases the porosity of alkali-activated slag concrete and weakens the resistance of chloride penetration. Correlation coefficient between chloride migration coefficient and AC electrical resistivity is 0.99. There are good correlations among the evaluation results of three electrical parameters test methods, and all of them behave sound applicability to alkali-activated slag concrete.

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Lee, Kang Hun, Man Ho Kook, Dong Ho Ha, Soo Ahn Kwon, and Moon Sup Lee. "Evaluation of Moisture Resistance of Hot-Mix Asphalt Mixture Containing Refined Air-Cooled Slag for Road Pavements." Key Engineering Materials 773 (July 2018): 271–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.773.271.

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Recently, potholes have drawn attention as a major pavement distress. In Korea and other countries, slaked lime is used to improve the moisture resistance of asphalt mixtures in order to prevent road damages by moisture. The present study was conducted to evaluate the moisture resistance of asphalt mixtures containing air-cooled slag having a chemical composition similar to that of slaked lime. To evaluate the moisture resistance of asphalt mixtures containing air-cooled slag, a moisture resistance test that is applied in Korea and other countries was performed. The evaluation of the moisture resistance of asphalt mixtures containing air-cooled slag showed that the coverage ratio measured by the dynamic immersion test was about 80%, which was similar to that of the asphalt mixtures containing slaked lime. In the case of the indirect tensile strength test, the TSR value tends to increase with increasing the air-cooled slag content of the specimens. But the indirect tensile strength was slightly lower in the specimen containing 3% air-cooled slag. The Hamburg wheel tracking test showed that the moisture resistance of the specimens produced in a laboratory and in a plant was good but that of the specimen containing 3% air-cooled slag was slightly lower. The laboratory experiment performed in the present study showed that the moisture resistance was improved by the addition of air-cooled slag, which has a similar composition with slaked lime, to asphalt mixtures. However, when the entire filler of the asphalt mixture was replaced by air-cooled slag, the strength was slightly decreased, indicating that an appropriate amount of air-cooled slag should be added. The applicability of air-cooled slag to asphalt pavement material may need to be studied through a microstructure analysis and a long-term pavement performance test to investigate the mechanism more accurately.

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Zhang, Ai Lian, and Lin Chun Zhang. "The Frost Resistance of LYTAG Concrete." Advanced Materials Research 936 (June 2014): 1419–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.936.1419.

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This article studies the frost resistance of LYTAG concrete and ordinary concrete respectively used the RILEM recommended test method (CIF) about frost resistance of concrete. The results indicate that the single surface's frost resistance of Lytag concrete with mineral admixture is much better than normal density concrete's. And the rank of the single surface's frost resistance at 56 cycles of Lytag concrete with different mineral admixture is: silica fume and slag> silica fume and fly ash>slag and fly ash>silica fume>fly ash>slag. The important reasons why LYTAG concrete has good frost resistance is that the scope of blending interfacial transition zone of LYTAG concrete between aggregate ceramsite and cement stone was significantly smaller than ordinary concrete.

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Wei, Jun Cong, and Jun Bo Tu. "Effects of SiC Addition on the Properties of MgO-Based Castables." Advanced Materials Research 430-432 (January 2012): 61–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.430-432.61.

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The effects of SiC addition on physical properties and slag resistance of MgO-based castables were investigated using magnesia as the main raw and silica micropowder as binder. The result revealed that with increasing SiC addition, dried strength decreased, medium and high temperature strength first increased and then decreased and reached a maximum at 3% SiC addition. The hot modulus of rupture (HMOR) of the materials maximized at 3% SiC addition. The slag penetration resistance of the castables was improved while resistance to slag attack was deteriorated with the increase in SiC addition. The materials exhibited optimum slag resistance at 3% SiC additions.

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21

Perez-Garcia, Francisca, Maria Eugenia Parron-Rubio, Jose Manuel Garcia-Manrique, and Maria Dolores Rubio-Cintas. "Study of the Suitability of Different Types of Slag and Its Influence on the Quality of Green Grouts Obtained by Partial Replacement of Cement." Materials 12, no. 7 (April 10, 2019): 1166. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12071166.

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This paper is part of a research line focused on the reduction of the use of cement in the industry. In this work, the study of work methodologies for the manufacture of green cementitious grout mixtures is studied. Grout is widely used in construction and it requires an important use of raw materials. On the other hand, the steel industry faces the problem of the growing generation of slag wastes due to the increase in steel manufacturing. The green grout aims to achieve the dual objective of reducing the demand for cement and improve the slag waste valorization. Slag is not introduced as an aggregate but through the direct replacement of cement and no additives. The research seeks a product where we can use steel slag intensively, guaranteeing minimum resistance and workability. Results with substitutions between a 25% to 50% and water/cement ratio of 1 are presented. In particular, the suitability of different slags (two Ladle Furnace Slag (LFS) and one Blast Furnace Slag (GGBS)) in the quality of the final product are analyzed. The feasibility of replacing cement with slag and the importance of the origin and pretreatment are highlighted.

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Zhao, Liang, Qian Huang, Hua Yin Sun, and Xiang Li. "Corrosion Resistance of Partially Stabilized Zirconia Materials to Alkaline Steel Slag." Key Engineering Materials 852 (July 2020): 119–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.852.119.

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Partially stabilized zirconia (PSZ) materials were fabricated using 4 wt% CaO, 3 wt% MgO, and 5.4 wt% Y2O3 as stabilizing agents together with monoclinic zirconia powder. The physical properties, phase compositions, and microstructures of the Ca-PSZ, Mg-PSZ, and Y-PSZ samples were investigated by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and energy spectrum analysis. A crucible method was used to explore the relationship between the stabilizing agent and erosion resistance to alkaline steel slag. The results revealed that the zirconia materials stabilized by different stabilizing agents showed obvious differences in their bulk densities, apparent porosities, microstructures, and erosion resistances to alkaline steel slag. The structure of Y-PSZ showed highest density, containing a small number of uniformly distributed pores. In terms of Mg-PSZ, the intergranular bonding in its structure was observed to not be close, and the sample contained some cracks, but no pores. A large number of intragranular pores and a small number of overall pores was observed in Ca-PSZ, resulting in this material having the lowest bulk density. The pores and cracks provide the path to penetrate and diffuse for alkaline steel slag, which weakens the corrosion resistance of PSZ materials. The phase composition of the affected layers in all of the samples after corrosion was almost completely transformed from monoclinic phase to cubic phase, and the phase transition of both the original and transition layers was not obvious due to the formation of a slag film. Y-PSZ did not react with components of the steel slag such as SiO2 and Al2O3, showing the best corrosion resistance to alkaline steel slag.

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Wei, Minghua, Shaopeng Wu, Peide Cui, Tianyuan Yang, and Yang Lv. "Thermal Exchange and Skid Resistance of Chip Seal with Various Aggregate Types and Morphologies." Applied Sciences 10, no. 22 (November 19, 2020): 8192. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10228192.

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Steel slag, the by-product of steelmaking, is a desirable alternative material for natural aggregate. However, there are few studies applying steel slag in the preventive maintenance of asphalt pavements, especially chip seal. The main objective of this study is to explore the feasibility of applying steel slag in chip seal and the effect of steel slag on the thermal exchange and aggregate retention properties. Furthermore, the surface features, including texture depth and skid resistance. of chip seal were also evaluated. The results show that the thermal exchange performances of chip seal vary with aggregate types. The ranking of the chip seal samples according to the cooling rate places ferrochromium (FER) slag as the fastest and basic oxygen furnace (BOF) slag as the slowest, with the basalt (BS) falling in between. The use of FER slag can make the chip seal resume traffic about ten minutes earlier than original samples. The skid resistance and texture depth of FER slag meet the requirements of the specification, although they are less than those of ordinary aggregates. Moreover, FER slag has a better aggregate retention performance than BOF slag and BS due to its spherical particles and alkaline surface. The application of steel slag in chip seal can recycle industrial waste, reduce the consumption of natural resources and promote economic pavement maintenance technology.

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Moskalenko, Oleksandr, and Rayisa Runova. "Ice Formation as an Indicator of Frost-Resistance on the Concrete Containing Slag Cement in Conditions of Freezing and Thawing." Materials Science Forum 865 (August 2016): 145–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.865.145.

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The connection with the icing on the frost resistance of concrete containing slag cement and chemical additives «MC Bauchemie» under freezing and thawing.It is shown that freeze concrete samples at (-) 10°C increase in the amount of slag from 30 to 70 wt.% Of binder in the composition leads to an increase in the index of ice formation in the concrete of 1.7 ... 1.9 times compared with the concrete obtained at a slag containing slag cement with a content of 10 wt.%. Frost resistance of concrete is reduce from F450 to F400.When freezing of concrete samples at (-) 20°C increase in the amount of slag from 30 to 50 wt. % Binder in the composition leads to an increase in the index of ice formation in the concrete of 1.7 times compared with the concrete obtained on slag cement containing slag with a content of 10 wt.%. Frost resistance of concrete is reduce from F400 to F350.The concrete on the slag containing cement with slag 70 wt. % is observed a slight decrease in ice formation. However, its value is 1.4 times higher than ice formation in concretes containing slag in an amount of 10 wt. %. Mark on frost resistance remains at F350.The smallest ice formation, regardless of the content of the slag into the slag containing cement, concrete characterized in that use complex organo-mineral supplement SX (5%) + SP (0.6%) in the amount of 5.6%. According to the degree of influence of additives used to reduce ice formation in the slag in concretes, containing cements can be ranker number: SX (5%) + SP (0.6%) > NC (5%) + SP (0.6%) > SP (0.6%).

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Yessengaliyev, D. A., A. S. Baisanov, M. S. Dossekenov, B. S. Kelamanov, and D. M. Almabekov. "Thermophysical properties of synthetic slags of the FeO – MnO – CaO – Al2O3 –– SiO2 system." Kompleksnoe Ispolʹzovanie Mineralʹnogo syrʹâ/Complex Use of Mineral Resources/Mineraldik Shikisattardy Keshendi Paidalanu 323, no. 4 (May 23, 2022): 38–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.31643/2022/6445.38.

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In the electrometallurgy of manganese alloys, viscosity has an important effect on the production indicators from the physicochemical properties of slag. During the smelting of manganese alloys, the main amount of heat spent on reduction reactions is released due to the current passing through the liquid slag phase, since the resistance of the latter, depending on the composition, affects the completeness of the reduction of manganese from melts. In the case of refined ferromanganese by the silicothermic method, the vast majority of silicon of silicomanganese is refined with higher manganese oxides or it is burned out due to oxygen in the air. The paper presents the results of thermophysical properties of slags representing the FeO - MnO - CaO - Al2O3 - SiO2 system. Laboratory experiments were carried out on synthetic slags by varying the slag basicity CaO / SiО2 = 1.5 - 1.9 and the concentration of Al2O3 = 5 - 15%. As a result, graphs of the dependence of these properties on temperature values are constructed, the activation energies of the viscous flow are calculated and the phase compositions of the experimental slags are determined using a mathematical model of the diagram of the FeO - MnO - CaO - Al2O3 - SiO2 system. Thus, an increase in the concentration of aluminum oxide against its usual level, changing the basicity of the slag, significantly affected the physicochemical properties of the slag and thereby contributes to the adjustment of the parameters of the electric melting process. At the same time, it is advisable to study the interaction of some Physical chemical properties of slags on the melting conditions of manganese ferroalloys in relation to the composition of slags.

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Chen, Bin, and Jun Wang. "Experimental Study on the Durability of Alkali-Activated Slag Concrete after Freeze-Thaw Cycle." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2021 (July 10, 2021): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9915639.

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A freeze-thaw resistance is an important indicator of the durability of alkali-activated slag concrete, which causes structural failure when the performance is low, especially in severely cold areas. In this study, solid sodium aluminate and sodium silicate were used as composite alkaline activators, while slag was used as the raw material to prepare alkali-activated slag concrete, whose freeze-thaw resistance, as well as that of ordinary cement concrete, was experimentally studied by varying the freeze-thaw cycles. The effects of the mass, compressive strength, and dynamic elastic modulus of the sample were investigated by considering the influence of different water-to-slag ratios and slag contents, while the damage variables and model were also analyzed. The results showed that alkali-activated slag concrete had an excellent freeze-thaw resistance, which was significantly affected by the water-to-slag ratio and compressive strength; specifically, the higher the water-to-slag ratio, the lower the freeze-thaw resistance, and the higher the compressive strength, the better the freeze-thaw resistance. The freeze-thaw durability, microstructure, and damage mechanism were studied via microscopic analysis. When analyzed via the microstructure test, crack pores and microcracks with narrow spaces and large surface areas were generated under freeze-thaw damage conditions, but the dense hydration structure and high-bonding-strength hydration products led to a better freeze-thaw resistance. The damage model was established using compressive strength and relative dynamic elastic modulus as damage variables, and the attenuation exponential and accumulative damage power function model had a high accuracy, which could better reflect the freeze-thaw damage law and damage degree and predict the lifetime of alkali-activated slag concrete.

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Li, Yun Feng, Yang Liu, Rong Qiang Du, and Fan Ying Kong. "Effect of Steel Slag Powder on the Durability of High Performance Concrete." Advanced Materials Research 79-82 (August 2009): 175–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.79-82.175.

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dvanced mineral admixtures can lead to economical high performance concrete with enhanced durability and reduced cement content. When super fine steel slag powder is mixed into concrete as active admixture, resistance to abrasion and resistance to chloride penetration are improved as well as workability and mechanical properties of the concrete. Resistance to abrasion of steel slag concrete is measured and resistance to chloride penetration is also determined by the method of NEL and ASTM C1202 in this paper. Result shows that compound mineral admixtures as partial replacement for Portland cement in mortar enhance abrasion resistance. Mixing mineral admixture is an effective means for controlling the chloride permeability. Concrete specimens prepared with compound mineral admixture with steel slag powder and blast furnace slag powder has very low permeability.

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Zhang, Lan Fang, Liu Yang, Bin Hong Fu, and Yu Yue. "Research Progress on Carbonation Resistance of Alkali-Activated Slag Cement Concrete." Materials Science Forum 1036 (June 29, 2021): 347–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1036.347.

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The carbonation process in alkali-activated slag cement concrete is more complicated. This paper reviews the research progress of carbonation resistance of alkali-activated slag cement concrete at home and abroad and summarizes the existing research on carbonation. The focus is on the carbonation mechanism, test methods, influencing factors and the effect of carbonation on the performance of alkali-activated slag cement concrete. The problems existing in the current research on the anti-carbonation property of alkali-activated slag cement concrete and the issues for further research are proposed.

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Li, Hongbo, Pengfei Yan, Juncang Tian, Hao Sun, and Jianguang Yin. "Study on Mechanical and Frost Resistance Properties of Slag and Macadam Stabilized with Cement and Fly Ash." Materials 14, no. 23 (November 26, 2021): 7241. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14237241.

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China is a large country in terms of coal production and consumption. The fly ash and slag produced by thermal power plants pose a great threat to the environment. To reduce the adverse effects of fly ash and slag on the environment, a mixture of slag and macadam stabilized with cement and fly ash was prepared as pavement base material. Compaction tests, unconfined compressive strength tests, splitting strength tests, frost resistance tests, and ultrasonic tests were performed on the mixture. The results show that with an increase in slag replacement rate, the unconfined compressive strength and splitting strength decreased. However, the adverse influence of the slag replacement rate on unconfined compressive strength and splitting strength of specimens gradually weakened with increasing curing time. The frost resistance of the mixture first increased and then decreased with an increase in the slag replacement rate. When cement content was 5% and the slag replacement rate was 50%, the frost resistance of the mixture was the best. Regression analysis of the ultrasonic test showed that the ultrasonic test can effectively characterize the strength of the mixture and the internal damage degree under freeze–thaw cycles. In conclusion, the slag replacement rate of the mixture is recommended to be ~50%, which has preferable mechanical and frost resistance performance.

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Li, Hongbo, Yufei Tong, Hubiao Zhang, Xuanshuo Zhang, and Junku Duan. "Study on Road Performance of Cement Fly Ash Stabilized Steel Slag—Concrete Recycled Macadam." Materials 14, no. 24 (December 8, 2021): 7530. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14247530.

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In order to promote the application of steel slag in road engineering, improve its utilization rate and solve the environmental problems caused by its large accumulation, unconfined compressive strength (UCS) test, indirect tensile strength (ITS) test, freeze-thaw cycle test, dry shrinkage and temperature shrinkage test tests with different steel slag contents were carried out. And the strength formation mechanism of steel slag in base material was revealed by SEM. The results show that the strength of the mixture initially increased and then decreased with increasing steel slag content. The frost resistance increased with increasing steel slag content, which should be limited to no more than 75%. Increasing the steel slag content improved the drying shrinkage resistance but was not conducive to the temperature shrinkage resistance. Microscopic analysis shows that adding a suitable amount of steel slag generated a gel material that was distributed inside the pores. This increased the density of the hardened slurry structure, which improved the strength. The research can provide scientific basis for the application and promotion of steel slag in road base.

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Ye, Jian Xiong, Ye Jiang Wang, Shuang Zhao, Ming Chao Yang, and Chang Hui Yang. "Effect of Ground Phosphate Slag on the Resistance to Chloride Ion Penetration of Concrete." Advanced Materials Research 194-196 (February 2011): 924–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.194-196.924.

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The permeability resistance of concrete with ground phosphate slag(GPS) against chloride ion penetration was tested according to ASTM1202 and by nitrogen adsorption method. Test results show that by adding ground phosphate slag to concrete, the chloride diffusion coefficient of concrete decreases, and the permeability resistance of concrete against chloride ion penetration increases with improvement of its pore structure. The pores in concrete are refined and the percentage of the pores with diameter less than 20nm in concrete increases. The improvement of pore structure of the concrete by ground phosphate slag is much better than that by the ground granulated blast furnace slag or fly ash, while the addition is 30 percent. The ability of additive to improve the permeability resistance of concrete against chloride ion penetration is in following order: fly ash > ground phosphate slag > ground granulated blast furnace slag.

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32

Lou, Baowen, Zhuangzhuang Liu, Aimin Sha, Meng Jia, and Yupeng Li. "Microwave Absorption Ability of Steel Slag and Road Performance of Asphalt Mixtures Incorporating Steel Slag." Materials 13, no. 3 (February 2, 2020): 663. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13030663.

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Excessive usage of non-renewable natural resources and massive construction wastes put pressure on the environment. Steel slags, the main waste material from the metal industry, are normally added in asphalt concrete to replace traditional aggregate. In addition, as a typical microwave absorber, steel slag has the potential to transfer microwave energy into heat, thus increasing the limited self-healing ability of asphalt mixture. This paper aims to investigate the microwave absorption potentials of steel slag and the effect of its addition on road performance. The magnetic parameters obtained from a microwave vector network analyzer were used to estimate the potential use of steel slag as microwave absorber to heal cracks. Meanwhile, the initial self-healing temperature was further discussed according to the frequency sweeping results. The obvious porous structure of steel slag observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) had important impacts on the road performance of asphalt mixtures. Steel slag presented a worse effect on low-temperature crack resistance and water stability, while high-temperature stability can be remarkably enhanced when the substitution of steel slag was 60% by volume with the particle size of 4.75–9.5 mm. Overall, the sustainability of asphalt mixtures incorporating steel slag can be promoted due to its excellent mechanical and microwave absorption properties.

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Wei, Jun Cong, Jian Kun Huang, Chun Hui Cao, and Jun Bo Tu. "Effects of Magnesium Aluminate Spinel on the Properties of Al₂O₃-SiC-C Castables for Blast Furnace Iron Trough." Advanced Materials Research 476-478 (February 2012): 467–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.476-478.467.

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The effects of varying the additions of magnesium aluminate spinel (0, 3, 6, 9, 12 wt. %) on the physical properties and slag resistance of Al2O3-SiC-C based castables were investigated. The composition of the specimens was determined by X-Ray diffraction (XRD). The results revealed that the incorporation of appropriate amount of MgAl2O4 in Al2O3-SiC-C based castables could promote the sintering of the specimens, decrease apparent porosity, and improve bulk density and strength. The slag resistance of the castables was improved due to an increase in the viscosity of molten slag, caused by the solid solution of Fe2+ or Fe3+ ions from the molten slag in MgAl2O4. However, further addition would led to a decrease in slag resistance because much Mg2SiO4 was produced.

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Qin, Feng, Zhuang Bin He, and Qiong Nian Huang. "Research on the Corrosion Resistance of Manganese Slag Cement Stabilized Macadam Base." Advanced Materials Research 280 (July 2011): 13–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.280.13.

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In this study, the unconfined compressive strength and anti-corrosion capacity and erosion resistibility were evaluated. Different admixture amounts of manganese slag cement were used as constituents of stabilized macadam base specimens. On the prepared specimens mechanical property test、continuous immersion experiment and anti erosion experiment were carried out for the research on the corrosion resistance of manganese slag cement stabilized macadam base. It was observed that corrosion resistance and scour resistance performances were significantly improved with the incorporation of manganese. The performance of corrosion resistance reduce after first enhance when slag manganese slag cement stabilized macadam base are marinated with acid rain. During continuous acid rain marinate, the anti-corrosion capacity is improved on the first 21day, but it is observed declined rapidly after 21day acid rain marinate and finally manganese slag cement stabilized macadam base is lose its workability because of full corrosion.

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35

Crisman, Bruno, Giulio Ossich, Paolo Bevilacqua, and Roberto Roberti. "Degradation Prediction Model for Friction of Road Pavements with Natural Aggregates and Steel Slags." Applied Sciences 10, no. 1 (December 19, 2019): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10010032.

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Steel production wastes (steel slags) are used more often in asphalt concrete pavements as a valuable replacement for natural aggregates, which are becoming increasingly rare. In this paper authors investigate the polishing characteristics of aggregates, and in particular of steel slags, used in bituminous road surfacing, are a major factor in determining the resistance to skidding. The main purpose of the study is the identification of a suitable degradation model, based on friction indicators, in the laboratory, as well as the comparison of in-situ pavement skid resistance with the cumulative number of passing vehicles over the years. The model predicts the expected resistance to skidding of the road surface based on the knowledge of the polished stone value (PSV) of the aggregates and the expected traffic on the road. In this study, several types of aggregates were compared: steel slag, limestone, limestone and slag mixture, diabase, Criggion stone and basalt. Using a standard PSV test, it was found that the aggregates did not reach the lower value of skid resistance (equilibrium value). The analysis of the British Portable Number (BPN) data versus polishing time allowed to empirically derive a regression model for each investigated aggregate. Hence, it appears possible to define both an investigatory level and threshold level to predict the actual residual life of the pavement from the examination of skid resistance.

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Peng, Chao, and Wei Bo Yang. "Effect of ZrO₂ Additive on the Properties of MgO-Cr₂O₃ Refractory Used for RH Degasser." Key Engineering Materials 680 (February 2016): 331–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.680.331.

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To improve the properties and RH degasser slag corrosion resistance of magnesia-chrome refractory, the effect of the addition of ZrO2 was investigated. The results showed that the presence ZrO2 additive can densify the magnesia-chrome samples due to promotion of grain boundary activities and ultimately direct bond formation, which improved the high temperature mechanical properties and corrosion resistance. The results also indicated that in the RH degasser slag system with a high ratio of calcia to silica, the slag resistance behavior of magnesia-chrome composite added ZrO2 could be described as follows: the ZrO2 reacts with CaO to form the calcium zirconate compound which is densification lay and simultaneously, could increase corrosion resistance performance by blinding pore and thickening slag viscosity. Therefore, it is expected to be the major reason for the ZrO2 enhanced corrosion resistance behavior observed for magnesia-chrome refractory.

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Kong, Dezhi, Meizhu Chen, Jun Xie, Meiling Zhao, and Chao Yang. "Geometric Characteristics of BOF Slag Coarse Aggregate and its Influence on Asphalt Concrete." Materials 12, no. 5 (March 4, 2019): 741. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12050741.

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In order to examine the geometric characteristics of BOF (blast oxygen furnace) slag coarse aggregate, the aggregate image measurement system (AIMS) was used to analyze the sphericity, gradient angularity and micro texture. Both volumetric and mechanical properties were studied to evaluate the influence of geometric characteristics of BOF slag coarse aggregate on asphalt concrete. The experimental results show that the BOF slag coarse aggregate has the characteristics of high sphericity, good angular performance and rough surface texture. The geometric characteristics of BOF slag has obvious influence on the volume performance of asphalt concrete. the higher sphericity of BOF slag causes an increase of the air voids of asphalt mixture. BOF slag coarse aggregate can effectively improve the road performances of asphalt concrete. BOF slag’s higher sphericity and angularity improve the moisture damage resistance and rutting resistance of asphalt concrete. Results indicate that better angularity can slightly enhance the moisture resistance property of asphalt concrete, but excessively high angularity of BOF slag coarse aggregates reduces the anti-rutting properties of asphalt mixture.

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38

Wang, Zhe, Yao Kun Ding, and Si Rui Li. "Influence of Slag on Water Resistance of Magnesia Phosphate Cement." Advanced Materials Research 1096 (April 2015): 387–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1096.387.

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Effect of different curing conditions on the mechanical properties of magnesium phosphate cement (MPC), and the water resistance of MPC was improved by adding slag, the influence of slag on component and microstructure of the hydrated product were studied in this paper. The additive amount of slag was 0% ,10% , 20%, 30% and 40% separately in the ratio of total amount of MPC. It indicates that the compressive strength and flexural strength increase by about 30%,40% when the amount of slag reaches 10% of phosphate cement, respectively , and the dissolution of some phosphate which has not reacted can be prevented when cured in water for days, it improves the pH value of the solution, so the main hydration product-MgKPO4·6H2O hard to be dissolved under alkaline environment resulting in the decreasing of porosity ,and the decrease of strength would be controlled.

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39

Chen, Wei, Jincheng Wei, Xizhong Xu, Xiaomeng Zhang, Wenyang Han, Xiangpeng Yan, Guiling Hu, and Zizhao Lu. "Study on the Optimum Steel Slag Content of SMA-13 Asphalt Mixes Based on Road Performance." Coatings 11, no. 12 (November 23, 2021): 1436. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings11121436.

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To reduce the use of aggregates such as limestone and basalt, this paper used steel slag to replace some of the limestone aggregates in the production of SMA-13 asphalt mixes. The optimum content of steel slag in the SMA-13 asphalt mixes was investigated, and the performance of these mixes was evaluated. Five SMA-13 asphalt mixes with varying steel slag content (0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%) were designed and prepared experimentally. The high-temperature stability, low-temperature crack resistance, water stability, dynamic modulus, shear resistance, and volumetric stability of the mixes were investigated using the wheel tracking, Hamburg wheel tracking, three-point bending, freeze–thaw splitting, dynamic modulus, uniaxial penetration, and asphalt mix expansion tests. The results showed that compared to normal SMA-13 asphalt mixes, the high-temperature stability, water stability, and shear resistance of the SMA-13 asphalt mixes increased and then decreased as the steel slag content increased. All three performance indicators peaked at 75% steel slag content, and the dynamic stability, freeze–thaw splitting ratio, and uniaxial penetration strength increased by 90.48%, 7.39%, and 88.08%, respectively; however, the maximum bending tensile strain, which represents the low-temperature crack resistance of the asphalt mix, decreased by 5.98%. The dynamic modulus of the SMA-13 asphalt mixes increased with increasing steel slag content, but the volume expansion at a 75% steel slag content was 0.446% higher than at a 0% steel slag content. Based on the experimental results, the optimum content of steel slag for SMA-13 asphalt mixes was determined to be 75%.

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40

Shi, C. "Corrosion resistance of alkali-activated slag cement." Advances in Cement Research 15, no. 2 (April 2003): 77–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/adcr.2003.15.2.77.

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41

Netinger,, Ivanka, Dubravka Bjegović,, and Ana Mladenovič,. "Fire Resistance of Steel Slag Aggregates Concrete." High Temperature Materials and Processes 29, no. 1-2 (April 2010): 77–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/htmp.2010.29.1-2.77.

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Lublóy, Éva, Katalin Kopecskó, György L. Balázs, Imre Miklós Szilágyi, and János Madarász. "Improved fire resistance by using slag cements." Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry 125, no. 1 (April 6, 2016): 271–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10973-016-5392-z.

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43

Ding, Hong Xia, Chun Tao Wang, Bin Ge, and Yun Sheng Li. "Study on Chloride Penetration Resistance of High Volume Slag Powder Concrete." Applied Mechanics and Materials 584-586 (July 2014): 1005–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.584-586.1005.

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The influences of Portland cement substituted by slag powder in a high proportion (50% and 70%) on the chloride penetration resistance of concrete were studied. The results show that: the penetrability of Portland cement concrete reduced by one grade if 0.5% water reducer is added, but the water binder ratio is not the decisive factor for the permeability. There is a negative correlation between 6h electric flux and compressive strength only when concrete with same cementing materials. High volume slag powder concrete has excellent resistance to chloride ion permeability, which declines further with the increment of slag powder quantity added, the permeability coefficient of the concrete with 50% and 70% content of slag powder is as low as 27.8%~32.3% that of Portland cement concrete.

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44

Su, Ying, Wan Fa Zhu, Wen Ding, and Xing Yang He. "Chemical Corrosion Resistance of Concrete with Mineral Admixture Slurry in Artificial Seawater." Applied Mechanics and Materials 99-100 (September 2011): 701–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.99-100.701.

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A series of mineral admixture slurry with different fineness was manufactured by means of wet-milling with stirring mill. The effect of mineral admixture treated by dry milling and wet milling on chemical corrosion resistance of concrete in artificial seawater was investigated in this paper. Results showed that, the chemical corrosion resistance of concrete with fly ash and original fly ash treated by different grinding mode is improved, and the chemical corrosion resistance of concrete with slag is relatively inferior. The compound of fly ash and slag can evidently improve the weakness of slag concrete that has poor chemical resistance.

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Li, Hong Fang, Li Guo, and Yi Xia. "Acid Rain Erosion Resistance of Concretes Containing Super-Fine Mineral Admixtures." Applied Mechanics and Materials 174-177 (May 2012): 1402–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.174-177.1402.

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The sulphuric acid erosion resistance of high strength concretes containing limestone powder,titanium slag and silica ash were studied by accelerating cycle sulphuric acid soak tests. It indicates that the introduction of super-fine mineral powders into concrete can improve its sulphuric acid erosion resistance. With fixed 10% limestone powder, blending 10% titanium slag or 15% silica ash can remarkably enhance sulphuric acid erosion resistance of concrete. The concretes containing mineral admixtures such as limestone powder, titanium slag and silica ash can be used in acid rain abundant area.

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46

Nazer, Amin, Osvaldo Pavez, and Ithamar Toledo. "Effect of type cement on the mechanical strength of copper slag mortars." Rem: Revista Escola de Minas 66, no. 1 (March 2013): 85–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0370-44672013000100011.

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Copper slag is a massive metallurgist waste. Annual production rises up to 24.6 million tons, approximately, and the main environmental impact derived from slag disposal is the usage of great soil extensions and the resulting visual contamination of the landscape. Along time, copper slag has been used in the manufacture of concrete and cement mortars. Thus, with the aim of verifying binder-type influence in the final hardness of mortars, two types of cement were used: regular cement and high initial resistance cement. Copper slag was characterized from the chemical, mineralogical and grading viewpoints. Official Chilean regulations were used in the applied methodology for the determination of some important slag parameters. Compression and flexural strength trials were carried out on cement mortars in specialized laboratories. The obtained results showed that mortars manufactured with copper slag presented a better resistance to compression and flexural strength than mortars manufactured with normal sand, and those made with high initial resistance cement were even better. It can be concluded from this work that copper slag offers optimal mechanical characteristics to be used in the manufacturing of cement mortars, becoming a sustainable and adequate alternative material for usage in the construction industry.

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47

Liu, Pan, Ke Bin Shi, and Lin Lin Zhang. "Study on Different Diameter Porous Steel Slag to Early Cracking Resistance of Concrete by Internal Curing." Key Engineering Materials 599 (February 2014): 78–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.599.78.

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In order to solve the serious question of early cracking of concrete in drying environment in the western of china. Using the same volume steel slag substituting fine aggregate (coarse aggregate) to mixing concrete with its porous characteristics, which are carried out by the knife-edge method. The result shows that: the compressive strength of steel slag concrete is better than the blank group at 7d and 28d ages;The Water holding capacity, the time of early cracking of concrete is delayed, the width and area of crack is significantly reduced with the increase of steel slag in same water-cement ratio. Simultaneously, the water retention and the crack resistance of concrete using steel slag stone is better than concrete using steel slag sand in same dosage. The porous steel slag can improve the internal relative humidity of concrete, restrain the early shrinkage of steel slag concrete, and help to improve early cracking resistance of concrete from the view of internal curing.

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48

Miura, Kenta, Takao Ueda, and Masayuki Tsukagoshi. "Resistance Performance of Concrete Using both Blast Furnace Slag Cement and Fly Ash against Chloride Attack and Carbonation." Advanced Materials Research 1110 (June 2015): 271–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1110.271.

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From the viewpoint of effective utilization of industrial wastes and reduction of CO2 emission, the use of concrete mixed with blast furnace slag and fly ash has been promoted. However, the durability of fly ash concrete using blast furnace slag cement has not been clarified enough. About chloride attack, the resistance against the penetration of chloride ions could be improved due to the dense pore structure formed by the synegetic effect of mixing both ground granulated blast-furnace slag and fly ash into concrete. In this study, resistance performance of concrete using both blast furnace slag cement and fly ash against chloride attack and carbonation was experimentally investigated. The relationship between such resistance performance and pore structure of the concrete was also examined. As a result, the combination of blast furnace slag cement and fly ash type II resulted in the decrease of pore volume over 50 nm in the diameter and reduction of the apparent diffusion coefficient of chloride ion, but the resistance performance against carbonation of the concrete was lower than the case of the normal fly ash concrete.

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Bydałek, A. W., S. Biernat, W. Wołczyński, and A. Bydałek. "Optimizing of Work Arc Furnace to Decopperisation of Flash Slag." Archives of Foundry Engineering 15, no. 3 (September 1, 2015): 21–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/afe-2015-0052.

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Abstract Discusses an attempt to optimize the operation of an electric furnace slag to be decopperisation suspension of the internal recycling process for the production of copper. The paper presents a new method to recover copper from metallurgical slags in arc-resistance electric furnace. It involves the use of alternating current for a first period reduction, constant or pulsed DC in the final stage of processing. Even distribution of the electric field density in the final phase of melting caused to achieve an extremely low content of metallic copper in the slag phase. They achieved by including the economic effects by reducing the time reduction.

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Wu, Jian Hua, and Yun Lan Liu. "Influence of Mineral Admixtures on the Carbonation Resistance and Chloride Permeability of Steam-Cured HPC." Key Engineering Materials 477 (April 2011): 366–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.477.366.

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This paper studies the influence of different mineral admixtures（fly ash and ground granulated blast furnace slag）on the carbonation resistance and chloride permeability of steam-cured HPC. The test results show that under the condition of steam-cured and standard-cured, incorporating 20-30% of the ground granulated blast furnace slag or 15-20% of fly ash decreased the alkalinity and the carbonation resistance of the concrete; with the increase of the proportion of the mineral admixture in concrete, carbonation resistance of HPC was decreased; incorporating 20-30% of the ground granulated blast furnace slag or 15-20% of fly ash improved the chloride permeability of steam-cured concrete, and the influence of ground granulated blast furnace slag is better than that of the fly ash.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Slag resistance'

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