Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Slag behaviours'
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Bartie, Neill J. "The effects of temperature, slag chemistry and oxygen partial pressure on the behaviour of chromium oxide in melter slags." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/16255.
Full textENGLISH ABSTRACT: This thesis details results obtained in an experimental study conducted to determine the effects of operating temperature, oxygen partial pressure, bulk chromium oxide content and bulk FeOx/MgO ratio on the solubility of chromium oxide in melter type slags in the platinum industry. Two PGM-containing layers in the Bushveld Complex in South Africa, the Merensky and UG2 reefs, are currently being mined for the extraction of base metals and platinum group metals (PGM). While the Merensky reef is a pyroxenitic layer, the UG2 reef is a platiniferous chromitite seam. Due to a gradual depletion in Merensky ore reserves, platinum producers have been moving towards the processing of more UG2 concentrates, which are higher in chromium oxide content. The technical difficulties associated with the smelting of concentrates with high chromium oxide contents is a matter of concern. The formation of chromite spinels in melts increases liquidus temperatures and viscosities and subsequently hampers tapping of slags and mattes from furnaces. Bottom build-up from the smelting of high chromium oxide containing concentrates could reduce effective furnace volume. From the literature reviewed it was found that very few published investigations covered melt compositions and oxygen partial pressures similar to those encountered in the platinum industry. Relevant studies were found to deal with significantly lower bulk chromium oxide and iron oxide contents. It became clear that a need exists for information on the behaviour of chromium oxide and its effects on phase chemistry and stability in melter slags. It was decided to study the phase equilibria through drop-quench experiments using six synthetic slags with bulk FeOx/MgO ratios between 0.6 and 1.9 and bulk chromium oxide contents between 1.2 and 7 wt%. Temperatures investigated were 1400, 1500 and 1600°C. The oxygen partial pressure was varied between 6.8x10-10 atm at 1400°C to8.3x10-5 atm at 1600°C. Experiments were conducted in a sealed vertical tube furnace and the required oxygen partial pressure in the furnace tube was maintained by controlling the flow rates of purified CO and CO2 gas mixtures through the tube. Reaction products were quenched after a reaction time of between 20 and 24 hours, depending on temperature, and the phase compositions were analysed by microprobe. The experimental study revealed that chromium oxide partitions very strongly into the spinel phase relative to the liquid phase, especially at lower temperatures, and higher oxygen partial pressures and bulk chromium oxide contents. The solubility of chromium oxide in the liquid phase was found to increase with increasing temperature and decreasing oxygen partial pressure. An increase in bulk chromium oxide contents of 1 wt%, under otherwise constant conditions, resulted in an increase in slag liquidus temperature of approximately 100°C over the range of temperatures investigated. At 1500°C and bulk chromium oxide contents of 3.7 and 6.4 wt% a reduction in oxygen partial pressure from 1.1x10-5 to 1.1x10-7 atm resulted in increases in soluble chromium oxide of 0.9 and 2.0 wt%, respectively. A further decrease in oxygen partial pressure to 6.7x10-9 atm resulted in increases in soluble chromium oxide of 2.8 and 4.7 wt%, respectively. Experimental results were compared to values predicted by the multi-phase equilibrium (MPE) model developed by CSIRO, and found to agree well. Slag basicity was not varied experimentally and therefore the model was used to predict its effect on the solubility of chromium oxide in the liquid phase and the stability of crystalline phases. At constant temperature, an increase in basicity resulted in a decrease in the solubility of chromium oxide in the liquid phase as well as stabilisation of the spinel phase. It was concluded that practicable combinations of one or more of four main factors, namely increased operating temperature and decreased bulk chromium oxide content, slag basicity and oxygen partial pressure, should be applied and evaluated in a plantenvironment to optimise furnace operation. The MPE model would be a valuable tool in predicting the outcomes of such investigations.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie tesis detaileer die resultate wat verkry is uit ‘n eksperimentele studie uitgevoer om die effek van bedryfstemperatuur, die parsiële druk van suurstof, die algehele chroomoksied inhoud en die algehele FeOx/MgO verhouding op die gedrag van chroomoksied in smelter slakke in die platinum industrie te bestudeer. Twee PGM-bevattende ertslae in die Bosveldkompleks in Suid Afrika, die Merensky en UG2 riwwe, word huidiglik gemyn vir die ekstraksie van basismetale en platinumgroep metale (PGM). Die Merensky rif is ‘n piroksenitiese laag terwyl die UG2 rif ‘n platinumbevattende chromitiet laag is. As gevolg van ‘n geleidelike afname in reserwes van Merensky erts beweeg platinumprodusente al meer na die verwerking van groter hoeveelhede UG2 erts. Die tegniese probleme wat gepaard gaan met die smelting van konsentrate met hoë chroomoksied inhoud kan ‘n rede tot kommer wees. Die vorming van chromiet spinelle in die slak- en matfases verhoog likuidus temperature en viskositeite en bemoeilik die tap van hierdie fases uit oonde. Die opbou van soliede fases verlaag ook die effektiewe oondvolume. Uit die literatuurstudie is gevind dat gepubliseerde studies waarin slak samestellings en parsiële suurstofdrukke wat betrekking het op die platinumindustrie bespreek is, baie beperk is. Dit is gevind dat relevante navorsing gedoen is met aansienlik laer algehele chroom- en ysteroksied konsentrasies. Gevolglik het dit duidelik geword dat ‘n behoefte bestaan vir inligting oor die gedrag van chroomoksied in oonde en die effekte daarvan op fasechemie en –stabiliteit in smelter slakke. Daar is besluit om eksperimente uit te voer deur die gebruik van ses sintetiese slakke met algehele FeOx/MgO verhoudings tussen 0.6 en 1.9 en algehele chroomoksied konsentrasies tussen 1.2 en 7.0 % (op ‘n massabasis). Temperature van 1400, 1500 en 1600°C en suurstof parsiële drukke tussen 6.8x10-10 atm by 1400°C en 8.3x10-5 atm by 1600°C is ondersoek. Eksperimente is uitgevoer in ‘n geseëlde vertikale buisoond en dievereiste suurstofdruk in die oond is gehandhaaf deur beheer van die vloeitempos van gesuiwerde CO en CO2 gas deur die oond. Reaksieprodukte is in water geblus na ‘n reaksietyd van tussen 20 en 24 ure, afhangende van die reaksietemperatuur. Fasesamestellings is bepaal deur mikrosonde analises. Die eksperimentele studie het bewys dat chroomoksied baie sterk in die spinelfase konsentreer relatief tot die vloeistoffase, veral by laer temperature, suurstofdrukke en algehele chroomoksied konsentrasies. Dit is gevind dat die oplosbaarheid van chroomoksied in die vloeistoffase toeneem met toenemende temperatuur en afnemende suurstofdruk. ‘n Toename in die algehele chroomoksied konsentrasie van 1 massa%, onder andersins onveranderde toestande, het ‘n toename van ongeveer 100°C in likuidus temperature veroorsaak tussen 1400 en 1600°C. By 1500°C en algehele chroomoksied konsentrasies van 3.7 en 6.4 massa%, het ‘n verlaging in suurstofdruk vanaf 1.1x10-5 tot 1.1x10-7 atm respektiewelike toenames in die chroomoksied oplosbaarheid van 0.9 en 2.0 massa% veroorsaak. ‘n Verdere verlaging in suurstofdruk tot 6.7x10-9 atm het respektiewelike toenames in chroomoksied oplosbaarheid van 2.8 en 4.7 massa% veroorsaak. Eksperimentele resultate is vergelyk met waardes wat voorspel is deur die multifase ewewigsmodel (MPE), ontwikkel deur CSIRO, en goeie ooreenstemming is gevind. Verskillende slak basisiteite is nie eksperimenteel ondersoek nie en daarom is die model gebruik om die effek daarvan op die oplosbaarheid van chroomoksied in die vloeistoffase asook die stabiliteit van kristallyne fases te bepaal. By konstante temperatuur het ‘n toename in slak basisiteit ‘n afname in chroomoksied oplosbaarheid veroorsaak en die spinelfase gestabiliseer. Die aanbeveling is gemaak dat ‘n kombinasie van een of meer van vier hooffaktore, naamlik hoër bedryfstemperature en laer algehele chroomoksied konsentrasies, slak basisiteit en suurstofdruk, in die praktyk toegepas en geëvalueer moet word om sodoendeoptimum bedryfkondisies te bepaal. Die multifase ewewigsmodel is ‘n nuttige instrument wat gebruik kan word om die resultate van sulke ondersoeke te voorspel.
Boukendakdji, Mustapha. "Mechanical properties and long-term deformation of slag cement concrete." Thesis, University of Leeds, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.236998.
Full textCoetzee, Colette. "Solidification behaviour of titania slags." Diss., Pretoria : [s.n.], 2003. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-02282007-152308.
Full textTanaka, Shigenori. "Modelling inclusion behaviour and slag entrainment in liquid steel processing vessels." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1986. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/NQ44661.pdf.
Full textKountouriotis, Zacharias. "Modelling of the liquid slag behaviour in the continuous casting mould." Thesis, University of Greenwich, 2011. http://gala.gre.ac.uk/7658/.
Full textZheng, Yong Chu. "Shrinkage behaviour of geopolymers /." Connect to thesis, 2010. http://repository.unimelb.edu.au/10187/7157.
Full textLuganova-Chnyrenkova, Tatiana. "Factors affecting behaviour of minor elements in dore metal-soda slag partitioning." Thesis, McGill University, 1994. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=26404.
Full textMinor elements, including the precious metals, partition between the dore metal and the soda slag. The main purpose of this research was to determine the process parameters which influence this distribution, and the nature and forms of the precious metals in the metal and in the slag phases.
From the results of the experiments it was found that: (a) Increasing oxygen partial pressure from 10$ sp{-8}$ to 1 atm does not influence gold, palladium and platinum removal from dore metal, but leads to the practically complete removal of Te (down to 4.8 ppm), Rh (down to 2.7 ppm), Pb (down to 6.0 ppm) and quite good removal of Se (down to 0.0112 wt%) and Cu (down to 0.42 wt%) from the dore metal. (b) Silica content of the soda slag does not influence gold, palladium and platinum chemical losses with soda slag. However it was found that increasing silica in slag leads to an increase of mechanical loss of precious metals because of the increase in slag viscosity. (c) Increase in silica content of slag increased lead and copper removal from dore metal, and decreased the removal of rhodium, selenium and tellurium, especially at low oxygen potential. (d) It was concluded that most of precious metals leave dore metal in the form of mechanical losses, but silver and rhodium were found in slags as intermetallic phases with the other components. Rhodium is also lost in the form of the volatile oxide RhO$ sb2$. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
Wikström, Jenny. "A Mathematical and Experimental Study of Inclusion Behaviour at a Steel-Slag Interface." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Materialvetenskap, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-4574.
Full textQC 20100823
Diener, Silvia. "Ageing behaviour of steel slags in landfill liners." Licentiate thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Geovetenskap och miljöteknik, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-26542.
Full textStålslagg är en restprodukt som kommer från ståltillverkningen. Den har kemiska och fysikaliska egenskaper som bör utnyttjas och som gör den lämplig för återanvändning, samtidigt som onödig deponering kan undvikas. Stålslagg kan återanvändas inom ståltillverkningen eller så kan den användas som konstruktionsmaterial i väg- och vattenbyggnadskonstruktioner eller i olika typer av barriärkonstruktioner som till exempel deponisluttäckningar. En deponisluttäckning består av flera skikt där tätskiktet ska ha en låg vatten- och gaspermeabilitet för att minska metan- och lakvattenutsläpp. Flera studier visar att stålslagg uppfyller dessa egenskaper och har potential att kunna användas i deponitäckning. Men det finns fortfarande oklarheter angående slaggmineralernas stabilitet över en längre tid. En deponitäcknings funktion förväntas vara stabil i många tiotals eller hundratals år. För att kunna förutsäga det långsiktiga beteendet för stålslagg i ett tätskikt genomfördes ett laboratorieexperiment vars syfte var att studera effekterna av accelererad åldring under kontrollerade förhållanden. De faktorer som studerades var koldioxidhalten, relativa luftfuktigheten, temperaturen, kontakten med lakvatten samt åldringstiden. I denna avhandling presenteras undersökningen av ljusbågsugnsslagg och skänkslagg, från framställning av höglegerat verktygsstål, efter tre respektive tio månaders accelererad åldring. Mineralogin och lakningsegenskaperna studerades genom två typer av laktester, termiska analyser, analys av syraneutraliserande kapacitet samt röntgendiffraktion. För de studerade åldringstiderna var det exponeringen av stålslaggen för en koldioxidrik atmosfär som hade den största inverkan på lakningsegenskaperna. Kalcium, aluminium, svavel och natrium var de ämnen som uppvisade den högsta utlakningen från slaggen medan metaller som krom, nickel, bly och zink endast fanns i väldigt låga koncentrationer i lakvattnet. Utlakningen av kalcium och aluminium minskade med en ökande halt av koldioxid. Termiska analyser visade på en nedbrytning av karbonater. Vikt- och entalpiförändringar mellan 100 och 1000°C utvärderades. Stålslaggens buffertkapacitet, representerad av den syraneutraliserande kapaciteten (ANC pH 4,5), reducerades inte efter tio månaders åldrande. Däremot visade uppdelningen av titreringen i två steg på en förskjutning av buffertområdena för de prover som åldrats tio månader, förmodligen på grund av karbonatbildning. Mineralogin för de undersökta stålslaggerna var komplex med en stor variation av mineralfaser, främst kalciumsilikater, monticellit, periklas och en spinellfas. Andra möjliga mineralfaser var gehlenit, merwinit, åkermanit och järn. Förekomsten av olika fastfaslösningar i stålslaggsmineralerna är sannolik vilket kan orsaka förskjutningar av topparna i diffraktogrammen. Kalcit identifierades också. Karbonatisering under en kort tid visade sig inte ha någon signifikant inverkan på mineralogin, förutom en viss kalcitbildning. Resultaten från studien bidrar till en bättre förståelse av stabiliteten för ljusbågsugns- och skänkslagg i den miljö som finns i ett tätskikt. Åldringen av slaggen resulterade i en reducerad utlakning av vissa element. För att kunna förutsäga det långsiktiga beteendet för åldrad slagg bör resultaten från den här studien kombineras med data från ett pågående åldringsförsök som inkluderar mekaniska tester samt ett fullskaligt fältförsök på Hagfors deponi. Analysmetoder som mer detaljerat kan karaktärisera mineralogin, till exempel svepelektronmikroskopi (SEM) och energidispersiv röntgenspektroskopi (EDX), bör också användas för att bättre kunna kvantifiera mineralfaserna och bestämma vilka spårelement som är vanligast i specifika mineraler.
Godkänd; 2009; 20090320 (sildie); LICENTIATSEMINARIUM Ämnesområde: Avfallsteknik Examinator: Professor Anders Lagerkvist, Luleå tekniska universitet Tid: Fredag den 24 april 2009 kl 14.15 Plats: F 664f, Luleå tekniska universitet
Cho, Soon Ho. "Slab behaviour in composite beams at web openings." Thesis, McGill University, 1990. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=74647.
Full textOn the basis of the slab behaviour identified, truss idealizations capable of determining the slab shear carrying capacity in a rational manner were developed. Then, the ultimate strength for composite beams at web holes was formulated including the truss idealizations. Another ultimate strength analysis accounting for the slab shear carrying capacity in a simple manner, which was also developed during this research project, is given. This provided the fundamental solution procedure for the plastic analysis used.
A series of nine tests was carried out with particular attention being directed to the verification of the proposed truss analogy. The major test parameters included the configurations of the studs in the hole region, the width of the concrete slab and stud detailing near the high moment end of the hole. The ultimate strength predictions were made by the two methods developed, and compared with previous and present test results.
Mai, Paolo. "Effect of iron redox state on crystallization behaviour of Fayalite slags." Thesis, KTH, Materialvetenskap, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-286327.
Full textI kopparsmältningsprocesserna är mattans och slaggens viskositet en viktig faktor för att uppnå effektivitet. Föroreningar i koncentraten påverkar viskositeten inte bara genom att ändra smältstrukturen utan också genom att främja utfällning av fast fas som kraftigt höjer den. I denna magisteruppsats fastställdes en omfattande metod för att studera MgO-effekterna på egenskaperna hos en kopparsmältningsslagg. Således erhölls glasiga prover och efter bekräftelse av kompositionen och den glasiga strukturen med EDS-, SEM- och XRD-analys undersöktes de genom Ramanspektroskopi för att studera deras glasstruktur. Dessutom användes Mössbauerspektroskopi för att bestämma mängden Fe3+ i proverna. Modeller från litteraturen jämfördes med experimentella data. Överensstämmelse med litteraturen hittades med effekten av MgO som ett nätverksmodifierare av oxidsmältstrukturen och en promotor för högkoordinerade strukturer. Uppskattningar genom modeller utfördes för att studera smältans järnredoxjämvikter och dessa jämfördes med experimentella data, men det var inte möjligt att hitta gränsen för Fe3+ vid vilken utfällning av fast fas initierades.
Baah, Prince. "Cracking Behavior of Structural Slab Bridge Decks." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1417539467.
Full textWikström, Jenny. "A mathematical and experimental study of inclusion behavior at a steel-slag interface /." Stockholm : Royal Institute of Technology, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-4574.
Full textLin, Zuohua Joseph. "The modelling of emulsification, slag foaming and alloy addition behaviour in intensively stirred metallurgical reactors." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp02/NQ30324.pdf.
Full textManatakos, Kyriakos. "Behaviour and design of reinforced concrete core-slab-frame structures." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp02/NQ30330.pdf.
Full textManatakos, Kyriakos 1960. "Behaviour and design of reinforced concrete core-slab-frame structures." Thesis, McGill University, 1996. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=42088.
Full textStage 1 concentrates on the elastic response and Stage 3 examines the nonlinear response of the core-slab-frame structure considering the effects of cracking and crushing of concrete, strain-hardening of the reinforcement, and tension-stiffening. Analyses involve three-dimensional elastic and nonlinear finite element modeling techniques of the structure to investigate the contribution and influence of the various structural components. The structural response is examined for the deformations, the concentrated reinforcement strains and concrete stresses in the cores, the force and stress distributions in the structural members, and the failure mode.
Stage 2 focuses on the design and detailing of the core-slab-frame structure following seismic provisions of building code requirements for reinforced concrete structures where applicable as given in the CSA Standard CAN3-A23.3-MS4 (1984), the ACI Standard ACI 318M-83 (1983) and the New Zealand Standard NZS3101 (1982). Assumptions made in the conventional design procedures and any shortcomings encountered are examined. Suitable design procedures and reinforcement details are suggested where no provisions exist in the codes.
Findings demonstrate complex three-dimensional interaction among the cores, beams, slabs and frames in resisting the lateral and gravity loads, and show considerable strength, ductility and energy absorption capability of the structure. Critical areas for design include the joints and junctions near the vicinity of core wall-slab-beams ends and corners. Plastic hinging extends over the lower 2.5% to 33% height of the structure with the majority of inelastic action and damage concentrated in the bottom 10% to 15% height, predicting an ultimate load of 3.4 to 5.9 times the design earthquake load with top drifts of the structure between 750 mm to 1375 mm.
Garraway, Richard. "The action of semiochemicals on olfactory nerve activity and behaviour of Deroceras reticulatum (Mull)." Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.303955.
Full textTabor, A. M. "The effects of conspecific mucus on the behaviour of some gastropod molluscs." Thesis, University of Manchester, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.377724.
Full textHowling, Gavin G. "The foraging and feeding behaviour of pest slugs with reference to control in the field." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.335864.
Full textEngström, Fredrik. "Mineralogical influence on leaching behaviour of steelmaking slags : a laboratory investigation." Doctoral thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Industriell miljö- och processteknik, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-26653.
Full textGodkänd; 2010; 20101213 (fren); DISPUTATION Ämnesområde: Processmetallurgi/Process Metallurgy Opponent: Professor Pekka Taskinen, Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering, Aalto University, Finland Ordförande: Professor Bo Björkman, Institutionen för TKG, Avd för mineralteknik och metallurgi, Luleå tekniska universitet Tid: Fredag den 4 februari 2011, kl 10.00 Plats: F341, Luleå tekniska universitet
Eder, Martin A. "Inelastic behaviour of hybrid steel/concrete column-to-flat slab assemblages." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/7017.
Full textTrygstad, Steinar. "Structural Behaviour of Post Tensioned Concrete Structures : Flat Slab. Slabs on Ground." Doctoral thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Engineering Science and Technology, 2001. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-114.
Full textIn this investigation strength and structural behaviour of prestressed concrete is studied with one full scale test of one flat slab, 16000 mm x 19000 mm, and three slabs on ground each 4000 mm x 4000 mm with thickness 150 mm. The flat slab was constructed and tested in Aalesund. This slab has nine circular columns as support, each with diameter 450 mm. Thickness of this test slab was 230 mm and there were two spans in each direction, 2 x 9000 mm in x-direction and 2 x 7500 mm in y-direction from centre to centre column. The slab was reinforced with twenty tendons in the middle column strip in y-direction and eight tendons in both outer column strips. In x-direction tendons were distributed with 340 mm distance. There were also ordinary reinforcement bars in the slab. Strain gauges were welded to this reinforcement, which together with the deflection measurements gives a good indication of deformation and strains in the structure.
At a live load of 6.5 kN/m2 shear failure around the central column occurred: The shear capacity calculated after NS 3473 and EuroCode2 was passed with 58 and 69 %, respectively. Time dependent and non-linear FE analyses were performed with the program system DIANA. Although calculated and measured results partly agree well, the test show that this type of structure is complicated to analyse by non-linear FEM.
Prestressed slabs on ground have no tradition in Norway. In this test one reinforced and two prestressed slabs on ground were tested and compared to give a basis for a better solution for slabs on ground. This test was done in the laboratory at Norwegian University of Science and Technology in Trondheim. The first slab is reinforced with 8 mm bars in both directions distributed at a distance of 150 mm in top and bottom. Slab two and three are prestressed with 100 mm2 tendons located in the middle of slab thickness, and distributed at a distance of 630 mm in slab two and 930 mm in slab three. Strain gauges were glued to the reinforcement in slab one and at top and bottom surface of all three slabs. In slab two and three there were four load cells on the tendons.
Each slab were loaded with three different load cases, in the centre of slab, at the edge and finally in the corner. This test shows that stiffness of sub-base is one of the most important parameters when calculating slabs on ground. Deflection and crack load level depends of this parameter. Since the finish of slabs on ground is important, it can be more interesting to find the load level when cracks start, than deflection for the slab. It is shown in this test that crack load level was higher in prestressed slabs than in reinforced slab. There was no crack in the top surface with load in the centre, but strain gauges in the bottom surface indicate that crack starts at a load of 28 kN in the reinforced slab, and 45 kN in the prestressed slabs. Load at the edge give a crack load of 30 kN in reinforced slab, 45 kN and 60 kN in prestressed slabs. The last load case gives crack load of 30 kN in reinforced slab, 107 kN and 75 kN in prestressed slabs. As for the flat slab, FE analyses were performed for all of the three slabs on ground, and analyses shows that a good understanding of parameters like stiffness of sub-base and tension softening model, is needed for correct result of the analyses.
Engström, Fredrik. "Mineralogical influence of different cooling conditions on leaching behaviour of steelmaking slags." Licentiate thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Industriell miljö- och processteknik, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-26246.
Full textGodkänd; 2007; 20071121 (ysko)
AlHarras, Omar. "Seismic behaviour and nonlinear modeling of reinforced concrete flat slab-column connections." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/54469.
Full textApplied Science, Faculty of
Civil Engineering, Department of
Graduate
Howlett, Sally Ann. "The biology, behaviour and control of the field slug, Deroceras reticulatum (Müller)." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/1640.
Full textHaynes, Sarah. "Reproductive behaviour and mating patterns of the field slug Deroceras recticulatum (Muller)." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.307935.
Full textMa, Charlie. "Aspects of Ash Transformations in Pressurised Entrained-Flow Gasification of Woody Biomass : Pilot-scale studies." Doctoral thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Energivetenskap, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-62914.
Full textKeskinkilic, Ender. "Examination Of Desulfurization Behaviour Of Ladle Furnace Slags Of A Low-sulfur Steel." Phd thesis, METU, 2007. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12608978/index.pdf.
Full textYan, Ping Yu. "Behaviour of shearhead system between flat reinforced concrete slab and steel tubular column." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2011. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/behaviour-of-shearhead-system-between-flat-reinforced-concrete-slab-and-steel-tubular-column(7a3b5496-ca58-4a85-8028-3f64ad0eeddd).html.
Full textGowacki, William Alan. "Taxonomy, Ecology, and Behavior of the Kleptoplastic Sea Slug Elysia papillosa." Scholar Commons, 2017. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/6848.
Full textPark, Hae-geun. "MECHANICAL BEHAVIOR OF REINFORCED CONCRETE SLAB RETROFITTED WITH CARBON FIBER SHEET." Kyoto University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/157080.
Full textKyoto University (京都大学)
0048
新制・課程博士
博士(工学)
甲第8355号
工博第1920号
新制||工||1170(附属図書館)
UT51-2000-F259
京都大学大学院工学研究科土木システム工学専攻
(主査)教授 小野 紘一, 教授 田村 武, 教授 宮川 豊章
学位規則第4条第1項該当
Huang, Da. "Structural behaviour of two-way fibre reinforced composite slabs." University of Southern Queensland, Faculty of Engineering and Surveying, 2004. http://eprints.usq.edu.au/archive/00001450/.
Full textDe, Vittorio Stefano. "Time-dependent behaviour of reinforced concrete slabs." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2012. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/3247/.
Full textHo, S. L. "An investigation into the behaviour of hollow ribbed (waffle) rectangular reinforced concrete slabs at ultimate limit state." Thesis, University of Abertay Dundee, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.234752.
Full textElGendy, Mohammed. "Punching shear behaviour of slab-column edge connections reinforced with fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) composite bars." Canadian Society of Civil Engineering, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/24092.
Full textHogan, J. M. "The behaviour of the grey field slug, Deroceras reticulatum (Muller), with particular reference to control in winter wheat." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.356806.
Full textDodds, Catherine Jane. "The action of naturally-occuring semiochemicals on feeding behaviour and neurophysiology of the field slug Deroceras reticulatum (Mueller)." Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.310443.
Full textBELTRAO, ALLYSON JOSE DO NASCIMENTO. "STRUCTURAL BEHAVIOUR OF COMPOSITE SLAB WITH CORRUGATIONS IN THE COLD FORMED SECTION PROFILES WEB." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2003. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=4370@1.
Full textEste trabalho apresenta um estudo de um sistema de laje mista com o uso de perfis metálicos de chapa dobrada com corrugações na alma e chapa de vedação lateral com mossas seqüencialmente dispostos lado a lado e preenchidos com concreto armado. A principal motivação para este estudo foi o desenvolvimento de um eficiente sistema de laje de rápida construção. O sistema de laje desenvolvido maximiza o espaço livre útil da construção, eliminando a necessidade de formas e escoras tendo assim como conseqüência direta a minimização das perdas construtivas. Este trabalho é iniciado com uma avaliação da forma ideal dos perfis de chapa dobrada de acordo com as suas características estáticas e dinâmicas. Variáveis como peso, altura, espessura, tensão de escoamento, vão máximo, e carga suportada foram estudadas. Além disso foi feito um estudo para confecção das ferramentas de fabricação das corrugações e mossas na alma do perfil e na chapa de vedação lateral de forma eficiente e econômica. Após definição e otimização da seção do perfil metálico, foi efetuado um estudo experimental composto de uma série de três testes em escala real. O objetivo principal dos testes experimentais foi de comprovação dos resultados teóricos de resistência ultima da laje mista com perfis corrugados na alma e efetuar uma comparação com o sistema de laje previamente proposto por Takey. Os testes demostraram a real aderência entre concreto e perfil metálico e sua influência nos estados limites últimos de flexão, cisalhamento e deslizamento. Ensaios tipo push-out também foram executados para estabelecer a carga ultima de deslizamento na interface aço/concreto. A fase final compreendeu a comparação dos resultados experimentais com as normas de projeto de laje mista e com o trabalho desenvolvido por Takey para validação e comparação de resultados do sistema de laje mista.
This work presents an investigation of a composite slab system made of cold formed section profiles with web corrugations and corrugated steel deck plates spanning between suck profiles, both acting compositely with concrete slab cast in place. The main motivation for this work was the development of an efficient slab system associated with easy and fast erection procedures. The proposed slab system also maximises the construction usable space, eliminating the use of temporary propping and, consequently reducing the final construction cost. This work initiates with an evaluation of the ideal cold- formed steel profile geometry according to its static and dynamical characteristics. Variables like weight, height, thickness, yield stress, and collapse load were considered. Additionally, a study of the more suitable fabrication tools to be used in the process of incorporating the corrugations to the profile webs and deck supporting plates was executed. With the optimum steel profile in hand, an experimental investigation of three full scale composite slabs, spanning three meters, was conducted. The main objective of these tests was to access the ultimate limit states associated with the proposed composite slab system and compared it to a previously proposed solution, developed by Takey. The tests made possible the evaluation of the concrete versus steel slippage resistance when compare to the other ultimate limit states associated with flexion and shear. The adopted solution, despite the natural chemical bond present in the steel/concrete interface, enhances its performance due to the action of the web profile corrugations. Push-out tests were also executed to enable the determination of the ultimate slippage load in the steel/concrete interface due to the presence of the proposed corrugations. The final stage of this investigation concerned the comparison of the experimental data to the current composite design standards, and to the previous system, developed by Takey, in order to validate its use.
Armsworth, Clare Gillian. "Influence of a carabid beetle predator on the behaviour and dispersal of slug pests." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2005. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/55967/.
Full textEngström, Fredrik. "Mineralogical influence of different cooling conditions on leaching behaviour of steelmaking slags : a laboratory investigation /." Luleå : Luleå University of Technology, 2007. http://epubl.ltu.se/1402-1757/2007/58/.
Full textVIEIRA, JANINE DOMINGOS. "THEORETICAL-EXPERIMENTAL BEHAVIOR STUDY OF COMPOSITE DECK-SLAB WITH INCORPORATE FORMED STEEL SHAPE." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2003. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=3717@1.
Full textEsta dissertação apresenta um novo tipo de laje mista com uso de perfil de chapa dobrada incorporada. O perfil substitui as barras de aço, a fôrma e as escoras. O sistema estrutural construído consistiu em uma laje mista com perfil C enrijecido preenchido com concreto estrutural. Foram realizados dez testes experimentais em que foram analisados os momentos positivos, os momentos negativos e a influência de séptos. Através da análise teórico-experimental, foi possível perceber a grande influência dos séptos na resistência das lajes mistas testadas.
This work presents a new type of composite deck-slab using incorporate formed steel profiles. The steel profile replaces the reinforcement bars, the form and charry system. The structural system is built by one composite deck-slab with C stiffness steel profile, filed with reinforced concrete. It was performed ten tested and it was analyzed the positive moments, the negative moments and the influence of the diaphragm. Analizing the results it was possible to realize the great influence of the diaphragm over the resistence of composite deck slab tested.
Ismail, Eman. "Distribution of stresses and displacements in skewed concrete slabs." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för byggteknik (BY), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-66839.
Full textPawlowicz, Jakub. "Evaluation of air entraining behaviour in concrete using computer aided methods on hardened samples." Thesis, KTH, Betongbyggnad, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-264752.
Full textBetongindustrins ökande medvetenhet om hållbarhet leder till att man inom dimensionering ochutförande fokuserar mot att undvika kostnadskrävande och oförutsedda underhållsåtgärder ochistället lägga större vikt på att förebygga skador i produktionens tidiga skeden. En av dessaåtgärder, som hanterar problemet frostnedbrytning, är en medveten inblandning av luftbubblor ibetongen. Mekanismen för att skapa luftporssystemet kan emellertid bli negativt påverkad underolika skeden av produktionen av många faktorer såsom cementtyp, tillsatsmedelsdos, gjutvillkoroch blandningsordning. Därför behöver man reflektera över pålitliga verktyg för utvärderingenav slutprodukten. Den experimentella studien, som presenteras i detta arbete, fokuserar motförståelse hur slagg och tillsatsmedelsdos påverkar den hårdnade betongens luftporssystem. Tretyper av cement utvärderades, dels ett normalt portlandcement, dels två typer av CEM III-cementmed olika andelar av slagg. Optimala mängder av luftporbildare och flyttillsatsmedel valdesmen reducerades senare för att undersöka deras inverkan på totalt luftinnehåll samt luftporernasavståndsfaktor och specifika yta. Den huvudsakliga metoden som valdes för denna utvärderingvar en flatbäddsscanner (kontorsmodell) för att ta bilder och användningen av en programvaravid namn BubbleCounter för att analysera luftporssystemet. Detta tillvägagångssätt baseras påanalys av tvärgående linjer och kräver en speciell behandling av ytan för att åstadkomma kontraster.Provkroppar för analysen sågades ut ur hårdnade betongkuber och polerades för att erhålla en jämnyta. Provkropparna var senare behandlade med svart bläck och zinkoxidpasta för att åstadkomma entydlig kontrast mellan de vita porerna och den svarta ytan av cementpasta och ballast. För att studeranoggrannheten hos denna metod användes som jämförelse även mer konventionella metoder sommätningar med trycksatta givare och luftporsanalys. De framtagna blandningarna visade signifikantaskillnader i luftporernas egenskaper mellan betong med normalt portlandcement och betong medslaggcement, där den senare påverkades i mindre grad av reduktioner i dosen luftporbildare.Förändringar I avståndsfaktor och specifik yta noterades också men försämringen följde inte sammamönster som den för totala luftinnehållet. Ingen signifikant skillnad mellan de två cementeninnehållande slagg kunde observeras. En intressant inverkan av det använda polykarboxylateterbaseradeflyttillsatsmedlet på luftporbildarens reaktivitet noterades. Den visade en försämringav luftporernas egenskaper vid en reduktion av mängden flyttillsatsmedel. En jämförelse avresultaten från de olika metoderna för luftporsanalys indikerade en övergripande överensstämmelsegällande de uppmätta luftporssystemens förändring p.g.a. förändringar i mängden luftporbildare.Programvaran BubbleCounter tenderade emellertid att något överskatta materialets motstånd motfrostnedbrytning med de mest optimistiska värdena för luftporernas avståndsfaktor och specifikayta.
Assis, Andre N. "The Phosphorus Reaction in Oxygen Steelmaking: Thermodynamic Equilibrium and Metal Droplet Behavior." Research Showcase @ CMU, 2014. http://repository.cmu.edu/dissertations/464.
Full textPieraccini, Luca. "Shear behaviour of reinforced cconcrete slab under concentrated load: an investigation through non-linear and sequentially linear analysis." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2013. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/5902/.
Full textKhan, Akram. "Composite Behaviour of Normalweight and Lightweight Concrete Panels With Partially Embedded Light-Gauge Steel Channels." Thesis, University of New Brunswick, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1882/1092.
Full textBenichou, Noureddine. "Behavior of composite slab-on-girder and box girder bridges at inelastic and ultimate limit states." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/5290.
Full textMiddlebrooks, Michael Louis. "Consequences of Kleptoplasty on the Distribution, Ecology, and Behavior of the Sacoglossan Sea Slug, Elysia clarki." Scholar Commons, 2012. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/4162.
Full textChang, Ming-Fung, and 張明峰. "A Study of the Mechanical Behaviors of Blast Furnace Slag and De-Sulphurized Slag." Thesis, 1994. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/09744532746748695688.
Full textZheng, Yong Chu. "Shrinkage behaviour of geopolymer." 2009. http://repository.unimelb.edu.au/10187/7157.
Full textThe factors which influence geopolymer strength were investigated as being the factors which may influence shrinkage. The selection of the activating solution is an important factor in forming the final product of a geopolymer. Activating solution SiO2/Na2O ratio is determined to be an important influence on the shrinkage of geopolymer. SEM images of the samples enable observation of the sample topology and microstructure. An important observation was the existence of a ‘knee point’ which also occurs in OPC shrinkage. The ‘knee point’ is the point where the shrinkage goes from rapid shrinkage to slow shrinkage. From SEMs it is noted that the samples past the knee point are shown to have a smoother topology which means it is more reacted.
Autogenous shrinkage is an important issue for OPC containing a high amount of silica, and is also a key factor in geopolymer shrinkage. Autogenous shrinkage is tested by keeping samples in a sealed environment where water lost to drying is kept to a minimum. It is noted that sealing and bagging the samples reduces the shrinkage considerably. The water to cement ratio, which is an important factor in OPC shrinkage, is also explored for the case of geopolymers. Water content plays an important role in determining early stage shrinkage, and has little to no effect on the later stage shrinkage. The water loss from the samples during drying on exposure to environment is noted and compared. The addition of more water did not necessary means that more water was lost.
Addition of slag is known to be beneficial to geopolymers by giving early structural strength and faster setting time. Commercial geopolymer concrete will also include the use of slag. However, the addition of slag up to a certain extent gives a deleterious affect on shrinkage.
A different type of Class F fly ash source with different composition data was used to see its effect on shrinkage, with only a slight influence observed between the two ashes tested. Fly ash was also ground for different lengths of time before use in geopolymerization, with grinding for less than 12 hours giving higher shrinkage than an unground sample, but shrinkage the decreasing with grinding for 18 or 24 hours. This initial higher shrinkage has been attributed to the mechanism of grinding which resulted in unevenly shaped fly ash particles taking up a larger initial volume resulting in higher shrinkage. The sample grinded for 24 hours showed higher shrinkage due to the particle size to be so fine that agglomerates may have form during mixing which would result in a lower reaction rate which increases the shrinkage. Elevated curing temperatures also reduce geopolymer shrinkage.
Thus, it is clear that the shrinkage of geopolymers is influenced by a wide range of variables, and more notably by a few important variables: activating solution ratio, addition of water, grinding and bagging. The shrinkage of geopolymers can be correlated to the strength to a certain extent. However, the understanding of the shrinkage of geopolymers is still at a very initial phase, and further research is required.