Relevant bibliographies by topics / Slag behaviours

Academic literature on the topic 'Slag behaviours'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 29 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Slag behaviours"

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Perrot, C., J. N. Pontoire, C. Marchionni, M. -R. Ridolfi, and L. F. Sancho. "Several slag rims and lubrication behaviours in slab casting." Revue de Métallurgie 102, no. 12 (December 2005): 887–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/metal:2005148.

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Li, Xiang, Kai Tang, and Merete Tangstad. "Reduction and Dissolution Behaviour of Manganese Slag in the Ferromanganese Process." Minerals 10, no. 2 (January 22, 2020): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min10020097.

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The reduction and liquidus behaviour of manganese slag with different basicities were studied in non-isothermal experiments in the temperature range of 1400–1500 °C. Certain amounts of quartz were added to Assmang ore (South Africa), and lime was added to Comilog ore (Gabon), to adjust the charge basicity to 0.5, 0.8 and 1.2. The extent of manganese ore reduction as a function temperature were determined by thermo-gravimetric (TG) balance. Morphology of ores and its change in the course of reduction was examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results show that the reduction rate of Assmang slag decreases with decreasing basicity, as the liquidus temperature of slag decreases. When spherical MnO phase is present, the activity of MnO is high, and the reduction rate is rapid. Comilog slags show a much higher reduction rate than Assmang slags. The activation energies of MnO reduction between 1400 to 1500 °C are estimated in this study and found to be 230 kJ/mol for Assmang charges and 470 kJ/mol for Comilog charges. The dissolution behaviours of Assmang and Comilog slags were also studied by FactSage simulation and verified by experiments.
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Zhang, Mingjun, Li Fu, and Huaiwei Zhang. "Continuous cleaning process of molten copper slags in a channel reactor under the external electric field." E3S Web of Conferences 78 (2019): 03006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20197803006.

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Continuous cleaning process of the molten copper slags in a channel reactor under a vertical electric field is proposed. The copper-matte settling velocity under the vertical electric field is much faster than that only under the gravity in the molten slags, and the electric field can also accelerate the magnetite reduction. Cu content in the slag can fall below 0.35 wt. % during the continuous cleaning process, which exceeds much more existing slag treatment process. In addition, the behaviours of some other heavy metal elements in the molten slags during the continuous process are also discussed.
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Coetsee, Theresa, and Frederik De Bruin. "In Situ Modification of CaF2-SiO2-Al2O3-MgO Flux Applied in the Aluminium-Assisted Transfer of Titanium in the Submerged Arc Welding of Carbon Steel: Process Mineralogy and Thermochemical Analysis." Minerals 12, no. 5 (May 11, 2022): 604. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min12050604.

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Flux formulations are specified to target chemical and physico-chemical parameters. Chemical parameters set flux element transfer behaviours and weld metal oxygen contents. Physico-chemical parameters such as slag viscosity, surface tension and melting range are targeted to ensure an acceptable weld bead profile and surface appearance. Slag detachability is an important physico-chemical property required to ensure high welding productivity, smooth weld bead surface and no slag entrapment. Here, bead-on-plate welding tests were made with and without metal powder additions, including aluminium powder as a de-oxidiser. Difficult slag detachability was observed in weld runs made with metal powder additions. Mineralogy of the post-weld slags, and thermochemical calculations, show that the flux was modified due to the aluminothermic reduction of MnO and SiO2 from the slag to form alumina. Increased quantities of spinel phase were identified in the post-weld slag samples, at the weld pool–slag interface. The combined effect of increased slag viscosity, from increased spinel in the slag, and lowered weld pool solidus temperature, resulted in the formation of a rough bead surface morphology, which, in turn, caused mechanical fixation of the slag to the weld bead. Flux modification to higher CaF2 content should ensure that higher quantities of spinel phase can be tolerated in the slag.
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Oh, Chai Lian, Siong Wee Lee, Norrul Azmi Yahya, Gajalakshm Pandulu, and Mohd Raizamzamani Md Zain. "Tensile Behaviour of Slag-based Engineered Cementitious Composit." Pertanika Journal of Science and Technology 30, no. 1 (December 15, 2021): 303–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.47836/pjst.30.1.17.

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Engineered Cementitious Composites (ECC) have become another alternative in the concrete industry due to their excellent strain capacity under uniaxial tension. Research and development for new ECC mix incorporating wastes remain open to fulfil the industrial needs to produce green and sustainable ECCs. This paper presents the experimental work on the tensile and cracking behaviour of ECCs utilising industrial waste, namely ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBS), to replace cement. A total of four slag-based ECC mixes containing 2%–2.5% of PVA fibres and 50%-60% GGBS were investigated under uniaxial compressive and tensile tests. Compressive strength, tensile strength and the crack behaviours of the slag-based ECCs were evaluated and compared with a control mix. The experimental results show that the slag-based ECCs can achieve tensile strain capacity 2.6 %–2.75 % and ultimate tensile strength 1.43 MPa–2.82 MPa at 28 days. It was also found that the ECCs with GGBS and fibres formed few hairline cracks at the gage of the dog bone compared to brittle fracture in the control specimens.
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Timcakova, Kristýna, Libor Topolář, and Peter Rypák. "The Influence of Curing and Process of Hydration to Damping Coefficient of Alkali Activated Slag Mortars." Advanced Materials Research 1100 (April 2015): 21–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1100.21.

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Non-destructive acoustic analysis method Impact-echo method as a traditional for civil engineering was used for experiment. This paper reports the experiment during hardening and drying of specimens of alkali activated slag mortars. Alkali activated slag is a material having a great potential to be used in practice. The main drawback of this material is a high level of autogenous and especially drying shrinkage, which causes a deterioration of the mechanical properties. The aim of this paper is introduce the effect of method curing of mortars and time curing on the microstructure of alkali activated slag mortars. An understanding of microstructure performance relationships is the key to true understanding of material behaviours.
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Topolář, Libor, Peter Rypák, Kristýna Šamárková, and Pavel Rovnaník. "Non-Destructive Testing during the Hardening of Alkali-Activated Slag." Applied Mechanics and Materials 732 (February 2015): 329–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.732.329.

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Non-destructive acoustic analysis methods, Impact-echo method as a traditional and the Acoustic Emission method as nontraditional method for civil engineering, were used for experiment. This paper reports the experiment during hardening and drying of specimens of alkali activated slag mortars. Alkali activated slag is a material having a great potential to be used in practice. The main drawback of this material is a high level of autogenous and especially drying shrinkage, which causes a deterioration of the mechanical properties. The aim of this paper is introduce the effect of method used and time curing on the microstructure of alkali activated slag mortars. An understanding of microstructure–performance relationships is the key to true understanding of material behaviours.
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Yao, Shun, Heng Zhou, Shengli Wu, Bo Song, and Mingyin Kou. "Corrosion behaviour and corrosion mechanism of corundum block and mullite block in hearth of blast furnace." Metallurgical Research & Technology 118, no. 5 (2021): 511. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/metal/2021071.

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A ceramic cup is often used to prolong the hearth life of a blast furnace (BF). Corundum blocks and mullite blocks are two kinds of refractories widely used for building ceramic cups in China. Therefore, research on the corrosion resistance of these two kinds of refractories is beneficial to realize the BF longevity. In this study, the corrosion behaviours and corrosion mechanisms of molten slag and molten iron on corundum block and mullite block samples were investigated by corrosion tests. The results show that the slag corrosion resistance of corundum block was better than that of mullite block, and the corrosion mechanisms of molten slag on corundum block and mullite block were different. The aggregates fell from the matrix of the corundum sample when the matrix was corroded to a certain degree by slag, and the corrosion rate of slag on the corundum sample was controlled by the diffusive transport rate of a substance and the chemical reaction rate between slag and matrix. However, the aggregate and matrix of the mullite sample was corroded by slag at the same time, and the corrosion rate of slag on the mullite sample was controlled by the diffusive transport rate of Ca through the newly formed reaction layer. Moreover, the corundum block and mullite block had excellent iron corrosion resistance. The high temperature of molten iron led to an in situ reaction to generate a mullite phase in the corundum sample, and the high temperature affected the microstructure of the corundum block and mullite block.
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Olaniyan, Sule Adeniyi. "Towards Sustainable Composite Building Material: Integrating Lime with Slag for reduced mortar Thermal Conductivity." European Journal of Engineering Research and Science 5, no. 4 (April 25, 2020): 469–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejers.2020.5.4.855.

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Lime Based Mortar became very popular due to its outstanding features of flexibility, permeability and low carbon emissions. However, lime’s characteristic delayed setting, late hardening time, low mechanical strength, among others, overshadowed significance of its outstanding features, thereby putting its overall use into decline, particularly, with the 19th century Portland Cement discovery. This study therefore aims at reviving lime usage through a sustainable lime composite, by integrating an industrial by-product, Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (slag) with lime, in form of lime-slag mortar, with a view to reducing the mortar thermal conductivity. The methodology involved mortars with the same Binder/Aggregate (B/A) mix ratio (1:3) using five separate volumetric compositions of ‘slag-lime’ binders (i.e. 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, 2:1 and 3:1). Physical properties of the mortars involving their Water/Binder (W/B) ratios, Air Contents and Bulk Densities were recorded. Comparative evaluations of the compositions in hardened state, involving thermal conductivities were carried out at specific intervals through a twelve-month curing period. These were partly monitored through assessments of the composites’ microstructural behaviours over a six-month period. Results of the investigation show that addition of slag to mortars facilitate slightly larger pores with increased porosities. However, these effects are minimal (i.e. from 23.42% to 25.37% porosity) when slag content is at equal volumetric content with lime. A general reduction (not in a linear trend) in the thermal conductivities of the mortar with increasing slag content was observed, cumulating in 25% decrease in the composites having thrice volumetric content of slag, relative to lime. Composite’s reduced thermal conductivity would be of utmost importance in construction especially, where material’s limited thermal conductivity property is of utmost importance.
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Olaniyan, Sule Adeniyi. "Towards Sustainable Composite Building Material: Integrating Lime with Slag for reduced mortar Thermal Conductivity." European Journal of Engineering and Technology Research 5, no. 4 (April 25, 2020): 469–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejeng.2020.5.4.855.

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Lime Based Mortar became very popular due to its outstanding features of flexibility, permeability and low carbon emissions. However, lime’s characteristic delayed setting, late hardening time, low mechanical strength, among others, overshadowed significance of its outstanding features, thereby putting its overall use into decline, particularly, with the 19th century Portland Cement discovery. This study therefore aims at reviving lime usage through a sustainable lime composite, by integrating an industrial by-product, Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (slag) with lime, in form of lime-slag mortar, with a view to reducing the mortar thermal conductivity. The methodology involved mortars with the same Binder/Aggregate (B/A) mix ratio (1:3) using five separate volumetric compositions of ‘slag-lime’ binders (i.e. 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, 2:1 and 3:1). Physical properties of the mortars involving their Water/Binder (W/B) ratios, Air Contents and Bulk Densities were recorded. Comparative evaluations of the compositions in hardened state, involving thermal conductivities were carried out at specific intervals through a twelve-month curing period. These were partly monitored through assessments of the composites’ microstructural behaviours over a six-month period. Results of the investigation show that addition of slag to mortars facilitate slightly larger pores with increased porosities. However, these effects are minimal (i.e. from 23.42% to 25.37% porosity) when slag content is at equal volumetric content with lime. A general reduction (not in a linear trend) in the thermal conductivities of the mortar with increasing slag content was observed, cumulating in 25% decrease in the composites having thrice volumetric content of slag, relative to lime. Composite’s reduced thermal conductivity would be of utmost importance in construction especially, where material’s limited thermal conductivity property is of utmost importance.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Slag behaviours"

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Bartie, Neill J. "The effects of temperature, slag chemistry and oxygen partial pressure on the behaviour of chromium oxide in melter slags." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/16255.

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Thesis (MScIng)--University of Stellenbosch, 2004.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This thesis details results obtained in an experimental study conducted to determine the effects of operating temperature, oxygen partial pressure, bulk chromium oxide content and bulk FeOx/MgO ratio on the solubility of chromium oxide in melter type slags in the platinum industry. Two PGM-containing layers in the Bushveld Complex in South Africa, the Merensky and UG2 reefs, are currently being mined for the extraction of base metals and platinum group metals (PGM). While the Merensky reef is a pyroxenitic layer, the UG2 reef is a platiniferous chromitite seam. Due to a gradual depletion in Merensky ore reserves, platinum producers have been moving towards the processing of more UG2 concentrates, which are higher in chromium oxide content. The technical difficulties associated with the smelting of concentrates with high chromium oxide contents is a matter of concern. The formation of chromite spinels in melts increases liquidus temperatures and viscosities and subsequently hampers tapping of slags and mattes from furnaces. Bottom build-up from the smelting of high chromium oxide containing concentrates could reduce effective furnace volume. From the literature reviewed it was found that very few published investigations covered melt compositions and oxygen partial pressures similar to those encountered in the platinum industry. Relevant studies were found to deal with significantly lower bulk chromium oxide and iron oxide contents. It became clear that a need exists for information on the behaviour of chromium oxide and its effects on phase chemistry and stability in melter slags. It was decided to study the phase equilibria through drop-quench experiments using six synthetic slags with bulk FeOx/MgO ratios between 0.6 and 1.9 and bulk chromium oxide contents between 1.2 and 7 wt%. Temperatures investigated were 1400, 1500 and 1600°C. The oxygen partial pressure was varied between 6.8x10-10 atm at 1400°C to8.3x10-5 atm at 1600°C. Experiments were conducted in a sealed vertical tube furnace and the required oxygen partial pressure in the furnace tube was maintained by controlling the flow rates of purified CO and CO2 gas mixtures through the tube. Reaction products were quenched after a reaction time of between 20 and 24 hours, depending on temperature, and the phase compositions were analysed by microprobe. The experimental study revealed that chromium oxide partitions very strongly into the spinel phase relative to the liquid phase, especially at lower temperatures, and higher oxygen partial pressures and bulk chromium oxide contents. The solubility of chromium oxide in the liquid phase was found to increase with increasing temperature and decreasing oxygen partial pressure. An increase in bulk chromium oxide contents of 1 wt%, under otherwise constant conditions, resulted in an increase in slag liquidus temperature of approximately 100°C over the range of temperatures investigated. At 1500°C and bulk chromium oxide contents of 3.7 and 6.4 wt% a reduction in oxygen partial pressure from 1.1x10-5 to 1.1x10-7 atm resulted in increases in soluble chromium oxide of 0.9 and 2.0 wt%, respectively. A further decrease in oxygen partial pressure to 6.7x10-9 atm resulted in increases in soluble chromium oxide of 2.8 and 4.7 wt%, respectively. Experimental results were compared to values predicted by the multi-phase equilibrium (MPE) model developed by CSIRO, and found to agree well. Slag basicity was not varied experimentally and therefore the model was used to predict its effect on the solubility of chromium oxide in the liquid phase and the stability of crystalline phases. At constant temperature, an increase in basicity resulted in a decrease in the solubility of chromium oxide in the liquid phase as well as stabilisation of the spinel phase. It was concluded that practicable combinations of one or more of four main factors, namely increased operating temperature and decreased bulk chromium oxide content, slag basicity and oxygen partial pressure, should be applied and evaluated in a plantenvironment to optimise furnace operation. The MPE model would be a valuable tool in predicting the outcomes of such investigations.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie tesis detaileer die resultate wat verkry is uit ‘n eksperimentele studie uitgevoer om die effek van bedryfstemperatuur, die parsiële druk van suurstof, die algehele chroomoksied inhoud en die algehele FeOx/MgO verhouding op die gedrag van chroomoksied in smelter slakke in die platinum industrie te bestudeer. Twee PGM-bevattende ertslae in die Bosveldkompleks in Suid Afrika, die Merensky en UG2 riwwe, word huidiglik gemyn vir die ekstraksie van basismetale en platinumgroep metale (PGM). Die Merensky rif is ‘n piroksenitiese laag terwyl die UG2 rif ‘n platinumbevattende chromitiet laag is. As gevolg van ‘n geleidelike afname in reserwes van Merensky erts beweeg platinumprodusente al meer na die verwerking van groter hoeveelhede UG2 erts. Die tegniese probleme wat gepaard gaan met die smelting van konsentrate met hoë chroomoksied inhoud kan ‘n rede tot kommer wees. Die vorming van chromiet spinelle in die slak- en matfases verhoog likuidus temperature en viskositeite en bemoeilik die tap van hierdie fases uit oonde. Die opbou van soliede fases verlaag ook die effektiewe oondvolume. Uit die literatuurstudie is gevind dat gepubliseerde studies waarin slak samestellings en parsiële suurstofdrukke wat betrekking het op die platinumindustrie bespreek is, baie beperk is. Dit is gevind dat relevante navorsing gedoen is met aansienlik laer algehele chroom- en ysteroksied konsentrasies. Gevolglik het dit duidelik geword dat ‘n behoefte bestaan vir inligting oor die gedrag van chroomoksied in oonde en die effekte daarvan op fasechemie en –stabiliteit in smelter slakke. Daar is besluit om eksperimente uit te voer deur die gebruik van ses sintetiese slakke met algehele FeOx/MgO verhoudings tussen 0.6 en 1.9 en algehele chroomoksied konsentrasies tussen 1.2 en 7.0 % (op ‘n massabasis). Temperature van 1400, 1500 en 1600°C en suurstof parsiële drukke tussen 6.8x10-10 atm by 1400°C en 8.3x10-5 atm by 1600°C is ondersoek. Eksperimente is uitgevoer in ‘n geseëlde vertikale buisoond en dievereiste suurstofdruk in die oond is gehandhaaf deur beheer van die vloeitempos van gesuiwerde CO en CO2 gas deur die oond. Reaksieprodukte is in water geblus na ‘n reaksietyd van tussen 20 en 24 ure, afhangende van die reaksietemperatuur. Fasesamestellings is bepaal deur mikrosonde analises. Die eksperimentele studie het bewys dat chroomoksied baie sterk in die spinelfase konsentreer relatief tot die vloeistoffase, veral by laer temperature, suurstofdrukke en algehele chroomoksied konsentrasies. Dit is gevind dat die oplosbaarheid van chroomoksied in die vloeistoffase toeneem met toenemende temperatuur en afnemende suurstofdruk. ‘n Toename in die algehele chroomoksied konsentrasie van 1 massa%, onder andersins onveranderde toestande, het ‘n toename van ongeveer 100°C in likuidus temperature veroorsaak tussen 1400 en 1600°C. By 1500°C en algehele chroomoksied konsentrasies van 3.7 en 6.4 massa%, het ‘n verlaging in suurstofdruk vanaf 1.1x10-5 tot 1.1x10-7 atm respektiewelike toenames in die chroomoksied oplosbaarheid van 0.9 en 2.0 massa% veroorsaak. ‘n Verdere verlaging in suurstofdruk tot 6.7x10-9 atm het respektiewelike toenames in chroomoksied oplosbaarheid van 2.8 en 4.7 massa% veroorsaak. Eksperimentele resultate is vergelyk met waardes wat voorspel is deur die multifase ewewigsmodel (MPE), ontwikkel deur CSIRO, en goeie ooreenstemming is gevind. Verskillende slak basisiteite is nie eksperimenteel ondersoek nie en daarom is die model gebruik om die effek daarvan op die oplosbaarheid van chroomoksied in die vloeistoffase asook die stabiliteit van kristallyne fases te bepaal. By konstante temperatuur het ‘n toename in slak basisiteit ‘n afname in chroomoksied oplosbaarheid veroorsaak en die spinelfase gestabiliseer. Die aanbeveling is gemaak dat ‘n kombinasie van een of meer van vier hooffaktore, naamlik hoër bedryfstemperature en laer algehele chroomoksied konsentrasies, slak basisiteit en suurstofdruk, in die praktyk toegepas en geëvalueer moet word om sodoendeoptimum bedryfkondisies te bepaal. Die multifase ewewigsmodel is ‘n nuttige instrument wat gebruik kan word om die resultate van sulke ondersoeke te voorspel.
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Boukendakdji, Mustapha. "Mechanical properties and long-term deformation of slag cement concrete." Thesis, University of Leeds, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.236998.

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Coetzee, Colette. "Solidification behaviour of titania slags." Diss., Pretoria : [s.n.], 2003. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-02282007-152308.

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Tanaka, Shigenori. "Modelling inclusion behaviour and slag entrainment in liquid steel processing vessels." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1986. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/NQ44661.pdf.

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Kountouriotis, Zacharias. "Modelling of the liquid slag behaviour in the continuous casting mould." Thesis, University of Greenwich, 2011. http://gala.gre.ac.uk/7658/.

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This work presents a fluid dynamics model of a continuous caster mould region, including the transient behaviour of the steel/slag interface. The research was carried out in collaboration with ArcelorMittal Research (AMR), based in Maizieres-les-Metz in France. The industrial objective of the thesis was to understand the factors affecting the transient behaviour of the liquid slag layer covering the steel and its interaction with the Submerged Entry Nozzle (SEN) jet supplying the steel from the tundish to the Continuous Casting (CC) mould. The study includes the very complex phenomenon of argon bubble transport which also affects the behaviour of the slag layer and SEN jet. The model developed in this study is based on the finite volume method with the liquid regions (steel, slag) solved in an Eulerian scheme on a fixed unstructured mesh. The interface behaviour is modelled using a number of VOF type schemes, including the time-efficient Counter Diffusion Method (CDM). A coupled Lagrangian particle tracking scheme is used to represent the presence of argon bubbles and their influence on the flowfield (mainly due to buoyancy) in conjunction with the fluctuating surface dynamics. The bulk of the research concerns comparisons against flowfield and interface data obtained from an experimental water/oil study of the process. However, the model is extended to include predictions of heat transfer and phase change in the steel and flux powder regions in an industrial CC unit and validation against available data. The three-phase model is developed making use of the unstructured mesh multi-physics finite volume code PHYSICA [1]. As stated, the main goal of this particular work has to do with the study of the dynamic behaviour of the steel/slag interface, including the effects of casting speed and injected gas. Because of the great difficulty in physical experiments with a real caster, the research is supported with water model experiments and mathematical simulation. Comparisons of observed interface profiles, measured and predicted mean and fluctuating velocities, gave an insight to the degree of coupling between interface behaviour and the fluid dynamics within the mould region. In particular, a spectral analysis of the dominant fluctuation frequencies in the water/oil experiment suggests a strong link between the upper and lower recirculation loops generated by the SEN jet as it splits after contact with the narrow face for the mould. The presence of gas bubbles alters the spectral picture, since the buoyancy induced in the flow affects the behaviour of the jet, leading to the one/two loop behaviour known from experiments. Good qualitative and quantitative agreement was achieved between the numerical results and water-model experimental data. The main observations drawn from the water model simulation and experiment are as follows: - An increase in casting speed, which is equivalent to an increase in SEN velocity leads to an increase in the amplitude of interfacial fluctuations. - At the highest SEN velocities, the oil layer is pushed away from the narrow ends of the mould, exposing the water surface to air. - When there is no oil on top of the water surface, the surface remains for all practical purpose flat. - Air entering through the SEN influences the flowfield in the mould and also disturbs the oil/water interface when it passes through it. - The ratio of water to air flow rate seems to be the most important parameter, with high air/water flow ratios leading to a change in flowfield at the top of the mould as the gas buoyancy lifts the SEN jet towards the surface. To achieve a good correlation between the experiments and the simulations a number of factors in the numerics were found to be important. These are: - The quality of the mesh used, especially in the complex transition from the SEN geometry – essentially a cylinder with two outlets set at a specific angle of 20o to the vertical, to the thin rectangular geometry of the mould which is designed to cast flat products. - The turbulence model, which was initially found to suppress interface oscillations whenever an oil layer was introduced. Various approaches were followed to overcome this problem, (a)removing the turbulence model from the oil layer, (b) using a low frequency filter to remove resolved turbulence kinetic energy from the k-ε model, (c)opting for the high order SMART numerical scheme in preference to the default Hybrid. - The interface tracking algorithm used as a default in the code PHYSICA is essentially a VOF technique with options for a Van-Leer (TVD) scheme [2] or alternative the popular Donor Acceptor scheme [3,4], both options work well but they are explicit and therefore extremely expensive computationally. Due to the size of the mesh and the CFL limit for stability, timesteps as small as 10-3s become necessary, meaning a 600s simulation could take up to 8 weeks! To overcome this, the implicit CDM scheme [5] was used, which allows the interface to spread by diffusion but then pushed back against the gradient to re-sharpen at the end of each timestep. With this scheme, timesteps up to 2 orders of magnitude larger become possible, the limit then governed by the frequency range to be resolved. A non-standard approach to the Lagrangian particle tracking scheme was adopted in the simulation with the following characteristics: - The amount of gas entering was divided into packets of equal bubble diameter and then each packet was further divided into individual tracks. The transport of 1000 and more particles tracks was used to ensure a realistic dispersion. - Tracks were updated at regular time intervals (but not necessarily at each Eulerian timestep) and then followed until they exited the calculation domain. - The residence time of particles in each cell provided information for the gas content of the cell and therefore its density. With this approach, the Navier-Stokes equations then solve for mixture (gas and liquid) and lighter cells are influenced by buoyancy. - The bubble tracks are affected by the mean velocity of the surrounding fluid and also by a stochastic component derived from the turbulence model. However, there is no direct feedback to fluid turbulence from the bubbles. To extend simulations to a real caster, heat transfer and phase change were introduced in the model, in addition to the property changes (water to steel, oil to slag, air to argon). Of importance here was the development of a solidified skin of steel on the water-cooled mould walls and also the melting of flux powder into a liquid layer on the top surface. This last component of the research was introduced to enable comparisons against plant data obtained by AMR. Of particular interest in this study was the transition from a double to a single roll recirculation in the top section of the mould, as a function of the relative quality of argon entering the SEN. The model was able to reproduce this behaviour for the cases studied. Although much has been done in developing this model of the continuous casting process it is evident that much more research is needed, especially in the case of a real caster. For example, the thermophysical property variations in the slag due to temperature, composition and mass transfer were ignored. A very simple approach was used for the phase change in steel and flux powder, although since the PHYSICA framework is modular, more sophisticated alternatives can be easily introduced. The boundary conditions for heat transfer remain uncertain and the values used in this study were obtained from the industrial partner from earlier experiments. In spite the aforementioned limitations, the model is very useful, especially in understanding the dynamic interactions between the SEN jets, and the slag/steel interface and in this respect in advance of other models used by industry.
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Zheng, Yong Chu. "Shrinkage behaviour of geopolymers /." Connect to thesis, 2010. http://repository.unimelb.edu.au/10187/7157.

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Luganova-Chnyrenkova, Tatiana. "Factors affecting behaviour of minor elements in dore metal-soda slag partitioning." Thesis, McGill University, 1994. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=26404.

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A series of experiments determined the influence of oxygen partial pressure and SiO$ sb2$ content in soda slag on the distribution of metals between soda slag and dore metal. Oxygen partial pressure ranged from 10$ sp{-8}$ to one atmosphere and the SiO$ sb2$ content from 0 to 10 wt%.
Minor elements, including the precious metals, partition between the dore metal and the soda slag. The main purpose of this research was to determine the process parameters which influence this distribution, and the nature and forms of the precious metals in the metal and in the slag phases.
From the results of the experiments it was found that: (a) Increasing oxygen partial pressure from 10$ sp{-8}$ to 1 atm does not influence gold, palladium and platinum removal from dore metal, but leads to the practically complete removal of Te (down to 4.8 ppm), Rh (down to 2.7 ppm), Pb (down to 6.0 ppm) and quite good removal of Se (down to 0.0112 wt%) and Cu (down to 0.42 wt%) from the dore metal. (b) Silica content of the soda slag does not influence gold, palladium and platinum chemical losses with soda slag. However it was found that increasing silica in slag leads to an increase of mechanical loss of precious metals because of the increase in slag viscosity. (c) Increase in silica content of slag increased lead and copper removal from dore metal, and decreased the removal of rhodium, selenium and tellurium, especially at low oxygen potential. (d) It was concluded that most of precious metals leave dore metal in the form of mechanical losses, but silver and rhodium were found in slags as intermetallic phases with the other components. Rhodium is also lost in the form of the volatile oxide RhO$ sb2$. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
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Wikström, Jenny. "A Mathematical and Experimental Study of Inclusion Behaviour at a Steel-Slag Interface." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Materialvetenskap, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-4574.

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The aim of this thesis work is to increase the knowledge of inclusion behavior at the steel-slag interface by mathematical modeling and in-situ Confocal Scanning Laser Microscope experiments. Mathematical models based on the equation of motion predicting liquid and solid inclusion behavior was first investigated. Four main forces, the buoyancy force, the added mass force, the rebound force and the drag force, act on the inclusion as it crosses the interface. There are three types of behavior an inclusion at the steel-slag interface can adopt. These are a) pass, which means that the inclusion is separated to the slag, b) remain, where the inclusion stays at the interface without being fully transferred to the slag or c) oscillate, and the inclusion rises and descends at the interface until the motion is dampened out by the interfacial forces. The studies showed the importance of accurate experimental physical property data. Application of the models to industrial conditions illustrated that useful plots could be made showing the industry how to optimize their interfacial properties in the ladle and tundish to obtain maximum inclusion separation. In-situ Confocal Scanning Laser Microscope (CSLM) experiments were carried out in order to study agglomeration of liquid and semi liquid inclusions at the steel-gas and steel-slag interfaces and in the slag. Liquid-liquid inclusion agglomeration at steel-gas and steel-slag interfaces was seen to not occur without using force. However, when already transferred to the slag the inclusions agglomerated freely due to a higher free energy force. Comparison of experimental and theoretical agglomeration force showed good agreement between experiments and theory. The main conclusion of this work is that inclusion separation is a complex field of study and there exist no model that takes everything into account. Here the tendency for inclusion transfer and how to manipulate the physical properties for inclusion separation together with agglomeration experiments have been studied. For the future maybe coupling of models for computational fluid dynamics, agglomeration, inclusion separation, dissolution and slag entrainment in addition with experimental physical property data can provide a better overview and understanding.
QC 20100823
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Diener, Silvia. "Ageing behaviour of steel slags in landfill liners." Licentiate thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Geovetenskap och miljöteknik, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-26542.

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Steel slags are by-products of the steelmaking process. To avoid unnecessary disposal, e.g. into landfill, their chemical and physical properties should be exploited to support alternative uses. Steel slags can be recycled within the steel plant or used as construction material in roads, hydraulic engineering and different types of barriers, including landfill covers. A landfill cover consists of several layers, including a liner with low water and gas permeability in order to reduce methane and leachate emissions. Several studies have demonstrated that steel slags have good potential to fulfil such an application. However, there are questions regarding the stability of the slag minerals over long periods of time. A landfill cover must function well for many decades and centuries. In order to predict the long-term stability of steel slags as a landfill liner, laboratory experiments have been performed to study the effects of accelerated ageing of steel slag under controlled conditions. The factors investigated in the storage atmosphere were carbon dioxide content, relative humidity and temperature. The influence of leachate contact and ageing time were also assessed.This thesis reports the study of electric arc furnace slags and ladle slag from the production of high-alloyed tool steel after accelerated ageing for periods of three months and ten months. Mineralogy and leaching were studied using two different leaching tests, thermal analysis, acid-neutralization capacity assays and X-ray diffraction. For the ageing periods considered, the exposure of the slags to an atmosphere enriched with carbon dioxide had the greatest impact on leaching. In general, calcium, aluminium, sulphur and sodium leached from the slag matrix to the greatest extent while other metals such as chromium, nickel, lead and zinc were found at very low levels in the leachate. The leaching of calcium and aluminium reduced with increasing carbon dioxide level. Thermal analysis revealed the decomposition of carbonates. Weight and enthalpy changes were evaluated between 100 and 1000 °C. The buffer capacity of the steel slags, represented by the acid neutralization capacity (ANC 4.5) was not reduced after 10 months of ageing. However, the division of the titration into two steps revealed a shift of buffering zones for more highly aged samples, probably due to the formation of carbonates. The mineralogy of the investigated steel slags was complex with a large variety of mineral phases, principally calcium silicates, monticellite, periclase and a spinel phase. Other possible phases were gehlenite, merwinite, akermanite and iron. The existence of different solid solution is likely among the slag phases and can cause shifting of peaks in the X-ray diffractogram. Also, calcite was identified. Short-term carbonation has not shown significant impact on mineralogy despite of calcite formation. The results of the study contribute to a better understanding of the chemical and mineral stability of electric arc furnace slag and ladle slag in the environment of a landfill liner. The consequences of slag ageing include reduced leaching rates for certain elements. To predict the long-term behaviour of aged slag, the results of this study should be combined with data from two other sources - an ongoing ageing experiment that includes mechanical tests and a full scale field test at the Hagfors landfill. Additional analytical methods that can better characterise the mineralogy, for example scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energydispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), should also be applied to better quantify the mineralogical phases and to determine which trace elements are most abundant in specific minerals.
Stålslagg är en restprodukt som kommer från ståltillverkningen. Den har kemiska och fysikaliska egenskaper som bör utnyttjas och som gör den lämplig för återanvändning, samtidigt som onödig deponering kan undvikas. Stålslagg kan återanvändas inom ståltillverkningen eller så kan den användas som konstruktionsmaterial i väg- och vattenbyggnadskonstruktioner eller i olika typer av barriärkonstruktioner som till exempel deponisluttäckningar. En deponisluttäckning består av flera skikt där tätskiktet ska ha en låg vatten- och gaspermeabilitet för att minska metan- och lakvattenutsläpp. Flera studier visar att stålslagg uppfyller dessa egenskaper och har potential att kunna användas i deponitäckning. Men det finns fortfarande oklarheter angående slaggmineralernas stabilitet över en längre tid. En deponitäcknings funktion förväntas vara stabil i många tiotals eller hundratals år. För att kunna förutsäga det långsiktiga beteendet för stålslagg i ett tätskikt genomfördes ett laboratorieexperiment vars syfte var att studera effekterna av accelererad åldring under kontrollerade förhållanden. De faktorer som studerades var koldioxidhalten, relativa luftfuktigheten, temperaturen, kontakten med lakvatten samt åldringstiden. I denna avhandling presenteras undersökningen av ljusbågsugnsslagg och skänkslagg, från framställning av höglegerat verktygsstål, efter tre respektive tio månaders accelererad åldring. Mineralogin och lakningsegenskaperna studerades genom två typer av laktester, termiska analyser, analys av syraneutraliserande kapacitet samt röntgendiffraktion. För de studerade åldringstiderna var det exponeringen av stålslaggen för en koldioxidrik atmosfär som hade den största inverkan på lakningsegenskaperna. Kalcium, aluminium, svavel och natrium var de ämnen som uppvisade den högsta utlakningen från slaggen medan metaller som krom, nickel, bly och zink endast fanns i väldigt låga koncentrationer i lakvattnet. Utlakningen av kalcium och aluminium minskade med en ökande halt av koldioxid. Termiska analyser visade på en nedbrytning av karbonater. Vikt- och entalpiförändringar mellan 100 och 1000°C utvärderades. Stålslaggens buffertkapacitet, representerad av den syraneutraliserande kapaciteten (ANC pH 4,5), reducerades inte efter tio månaders åldrande. Däremot visade uppdelningen av titreringen i två steg på en förskjutning av buffertområdena för de prover som åldrats tio månader, förmodligen på grund av karbonatbildning. Mineralogin för de undersökta stålslaggerna var komplex med en stor variation av mineralfaser, främst kalciumsilikater, monticellit, periklas och en spinellfas. Andra möjliga mineralfaser var gehlenit, merwinit, åkermanit och järn. Förekomsten av olika fastfaslösningar i stålslaggsmineralerna är sannolik vilket kan orsaka förskjutningar av topparna i diffraktogrammen. Kalcit identifierades också. Karbonatisering under en kort tid visade sig inte ha någon signifikant inverkan på mineralogin, förutom en viss kalcitbildning. Resultaten från studien bidrar till en bättre förståelse av stabiliteten för ljusbågsugns- och skänkslagg i den miljö som finns i ett tätskikt. Åldringen av slaggen resulterade i en reducerad utlakning av vissa element. För att kunna förutsäga det långsiktiga beteendet för åldrad slagg bör resultaten från den här studien kombineras med data från ett pågående åldringsförsök som inkluderar mekaniska tester samt ett fullskaligt fältförsök på Hagfors deponi. Analysmetoder som mer detaljerat kan karaktärisera mineralogin, till exempel svepelektronmikroskopi (SEM) och energidispersiv röntgenspektroskopi (EDX), bör också användas för att bättre kunna kvantifiera mineralfaserna och bestämma vilka spårelement som är vanligast i specifika mineraler.
Godkänd; 2009; 20090320 (sildie); LICENTIATSEMINARIUM Ämnesområde: Avfallsteknik Examinator: Professor Anders Lagerkvist, Luleå tekniska universitet Tid: Fredag den 24 april 2009 kl 14.15 Plats: F 664f, Luleå tekniska universitet
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10

Cho, Soon Ho. "Slab behaviour in composite beams at web openings." Thesis, McGill University, 1990. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=74647.

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An explanation is provided for the slab behaviour in composite beams at web holes where the concrete slab carries heavy vertical shear. This is based on the truss concept, and requires consideration of shear studs in the hole region as vertical tension members. According to this, a structural action between the concrete slab and shear connectors for carrying or transferring vertical shear to the steel beam was clearly identified.
On the basis of the slab behaviour identified, truss idealizations capable of determining the slab shear carrying capacity in a rational manner were developed. Then, the ultimate strength for composite beams at web holes was formulated including the truss idealizations. Another ultimate strength analysis accounting for the slab shear carrying capacity in a simple manner, which was also developed during this research project, is given. This provided the fundamental solution procedure for the plastic analysis used.
A series of nine tests was carried out with particular attention being directed to the verification of the proposed truss analogy. The major test parameters included the configurations of the studs in the hole region, the width of the concrete slab and stud detailing near the high moment end of the hole. The ultimate strength predictions were made by the two methods developed, and compared with previous and present test results.
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Books on the topic "Slag behaviours"

1

Olatunji, T. M. Behavior and strength of masonry wall/slab joints. Edmonton, Alta., Canada: Dept. of Civil Engineering, University of Alberta, 1986.

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ill, Offerdahl Lynn, ed. Cinderfella & the Slam Dunk Contest. Boston: Branden Pub. Co., 1994.

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Cook, Richard Thompson. Applied aspects of the feeding behaviour of the grey field slug, Deroceras Reticulatum(Müller). Manchester: University of Manchester, 1996.

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Hugues, P. Plantin De. Effect of an extendable slat on the stall behavior of a VR-12 airfoil. Moffett Field, Calif: Ames Research Center, 1993.

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Good, Nancy. Slay your own dragons: How women can overcome self-sabotage in love and work. London: Sheldon, 1990.

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Good, Nancy. Slay your own dragons: How women can overcome self-sabotage in love and work. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1990.

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Max, H. Gay(s) language: A dic(k)tionary of gay slang. Austin, Tex. (No. 231, P.O. Box 33280, Austin 78764): Banned Books, 1988.

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Dodds, Catherine Jane. The action of naturally-occurring semiochemicals on feeding behaviour and neurophysiology of the field slug Deroceras reticulatum (Müller). Portsmouth: University of Portsmouth, 1997.

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Dogologist, Mad. The Mad dogologist's illustrated dictionary. [West Baldwin] Maine: Lairjester Books, LLC, 2010.

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Jay, Timothy. What to do when your kids talk dirty. San Jose, CA: Resource Publications, 1998.

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Book chapters on the topic "Slag behaviours"

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Tang, Chao-bo, Yun Li, Yong-ming Chen, Sheng-hai Yang, Long-gang Ye, and Hao-tian Xue. "Distribution Behaviours of Cu, Co and Fe During Cu Smelter Slag Cleaning Process." In 6th International Symposium on High-Temperature Metallurgical Processing, 429–36. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119093381.ch54.

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Tang, Chao-bo, Yun Li, Yong-ming Chen, Sheng-hai Yang, Long-gang Ye, and Hao-tian Xue. "Distribution Behaviours of Cu, Co and Fe during Cu Smelter Slag Cleaning Process." In 6th International Symposium on High-Temperature Metallurgical Processing, 429–36. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48217-0_54.

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Desai, Bhavin, Vilas Tathavadkar, Somnath Basu, and Kaushik Vakil. "Behavior of Selenium in Copper Smelting Slag." In Advances in Molten Slags, Fluxes, and Salts: Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Molten Slags, Fluxes and Salts 2016, 677–85. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48769-4_72.

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Desaia, Bhavin, Vilas Tathavadkar, Somnath Basub, and Kaushik Vakil. "Behavior of Selenium in Copper Smelting Slag." In Advances in Molten Slags, Fluxes, and Salts, 677–85. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119333197.ch72.

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Wiraseranee, Chompunoot, Toru H. Okabe, and Kazuki Morita. "Dissolution Behavior of Rhodium into Molten Slag." In 2nd International Symposium on High-Temperature Metallurgical Processing, 143–50. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118062081.ch18.

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Mills, Kenneth C., and Carl-Åke Däcker. "How to Manipulate Slag Behaviour in the Mould." In The Casting Powders Book, 109–46. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-53616-3_4.

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Raju, K. V. S. B., and Chidanand G. Naik. "Strength and Dilatancy Behaviour of Granular Slag Sand." In Recent Trends in Construction Technology and Management, 753–66. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-2145-2_57.

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Negruţiu, Radu. "Behaviour of plates subjected to a surface couple." In Elastic analysis of slab structures, 137–201. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3501-3_3.

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Huda, Nazmul, J. Naser, G. A. Brooks, M. A. Reuter, and R. W. Matusewicz. "CFD Modelling of Combustion Behaviour in Slag Fuming Furnaces." In International Smelting Technology Symposium, 251–58. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118364765.ch30.

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Xin, Jianjiang, Nan Wang, Min Chen, and Chen Chen. "Slag-Metal Separation Behaviors of Vanadium Titanomagnetite Metallized Pellets." In 11th International Symposium on High-Temperature Metallurgical Processing, 867–77. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-36540-0_77.

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Conference papers on the topic "Slag behaviours"

1

Seignez, N., D. Bulteel, D. Damidot, A. Gauthier, and J. L. Potdevin. "Weathering of metallurgical slag heaps: multi-experimental approach of the chemical behaviours of lead and zinc." In WASTE MANAGEMENT 2006. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/wm060041.

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Ene, Nicoleta Mariana, Carmen Răcănel, and Adrian Burlacu. "The study of moisture susceptibility for asphalt mixtures containing blast furnace slags." In 6th International Conference on Road and Rail Infrastructure. University of Zagreb Faculty of Civil Engineering, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5592/co/cetra.2020.1049.

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Nowadays, in the context of increasing traffic, extending road network, and environmental protection, an important target is to develop sustainable roads through the use of by-products derived from various manufacturing processes that can lead to the reduction of environmental degradation. Blast furnace slag is the resulting material during the casting processes of the iron. This is a non-metallic process that is obtained by melting the chemical compounds from the sterile, ash coxe, and the founders. As a result of global research, it has been found that an ecological asphalt mixture (with slags as aggregate) can be used as a pavement layer. However, there are inconveniences related to poor moisture susceptibility. In this context, this paper presents the study of moisture susceptibility of asphalt mixtures with blast furnace slags starting from a basic recipe of AC 31.5 type with natural aggregate and replacing the natural aggregate with slag in different percentages. The paper presents the tests carried out on 15 asphalt mixture recipes with partial and total replacement of natural aggregates with slag artificial aggregates and compared to a classic recipe where 100% natural aggregates were used. The used tests were chosen to characterize the water-related behavior: water absorption and indirect tensile strength test. The results indicate that asphalt mixture with slag aggregates can be a valuable resource in designing asphalt mixtures and satisfactory performance has been achieved.
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Cho, S., and B. Thomas. "Keynote: Modeling of Transient Behavior of Top-Surface Slag/Molten Steel Interface in Continuous Slab Casting." In SteelSim 2019. AIST, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.33313/503/068.

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"Rheological Behaviour of Alkali-Activated Slag Concrete." In SP-320:10th ACI/RILEM International Conference on Cementitious Materials and Alternative Binders for Sustainable Concrete. American Concrete Institute, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.14359/51701044.

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Ortega, Iñigo, Javier Rodríguez-Aseguinolaza, Antoni Gil, Abdessamad Faik, and Bruno D’Aguanno. "New Thermal Energy Storage Materials From Industrial Wastes: Compatibility of Steel Slags With the Most Common Heat Transfer Fluids." In ASME 2014 8th International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the ASME 2014 12th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2014-6369.

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Slag is one of the main waste materials of the iron and steel manufacturing. Every year about 20 million tons of slag are generated in the United States and 43.5 million tons in Europe. The revalorization of this by-product as heat storage material in thermal energy storage systems would have numerous advantages which include: the possibility to extend the working temperature range up to 1000 °C, the reduction of the system cost and, at the same time, the decrease of the quantity of waste in the iron and steel industry. In this paper, two different electric arc furnace slags from two companies located in the Basque Country (Spain) are studied. Their thermal stability and compatibility in direct contact with the most common heat transfer fluids used in the concentrated solar power plants are analyzed. The experiments have been designed in order to cover a wide temperature range up to the maximum operation temperature of the future generation of concentrated solar power plants (1000 °C). In particular, three different fluids have been studied: synthetic oil (Syltherm 800®) at 400 °C, molten salt (Solar Salt) at 500 °C and air at 1000 °C. In addition, a complete characterization of the studied slags and fluids used in the experiments is presented showing the behavior of these materials after 500 hour laboratory-tests.
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Edinçliler, Ayşe, Gokhan Baykal, Altuğ Saygili, Adolfo Santini, and Nicola Moraci. "SEISMIC BEHAVIOR OF GEOGRID REINFORCED SLAG WALL." In 2008 SEISMIC ENGINEERING CONFERENCE: Commemorating the 1908 Messina and Reggio Calabria Earthquake. AIP, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2963905.

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Khan R, Ajmal, and Rekha Ambi. "A Review on Behaviour of Beam Column Joint Using EAF Steel Slag Concrete." In International Web Conference in Civil Engineering for a Sustainable Planet. AIJR Publisher, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21467/proceedings.112.56.

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The amount of industrial waste generated and the overexploitation of quarries worldwide are becoming one of the serious environmental problem. Electric Arc Furnace (EAF) steel slag is currently used for asphalt concrete pavements in many countries but huge quantities of this material are still landfilled. Reusing the slag as recycled material in the construction industry not only helps in the reduction of the amount of waste disposed off but can also bring down the consumption of natural aggregates. EAF slag is the secondary product of the steel production process and is procured after the separation of molten steel from impurities. In this review paper, the impact of using EAF concrete on the structural behavior of internal beam-column joints and also the resisting mechanism of these joints are studied. A parametric study on the structural performance of EAF concrete compared to conventional concrete in terms of the load-carrying capacity, energy dissipation and strength attained by the joint in failure condition is made.
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"Early Age Properties Development of Concrete with Different Slag Contents." In SP-259: Transition from Fluid to Solid: Re-Examining the Behavior of Concrete at Early Ages. American Concrete Institute, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.14359/56536.

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Li, Q., and P. Pistorius. "Interface-Resolved Simulations of Transient Behavior of the Slag Eye and Entrainment of Slag Droplets." In SteelSim 2019. AIST, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.33313/503/019.

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Singh, Balbir, Ee Loon Tan, Zhu Pan, Olivia Mirza, and Youtam Mamo. "Experimental Analysis of Composite Push Test Integrating Geopolymer Concrete." In 12th international conference on ‘Advances in Steel-Concrete Composite Structures’ - ASCCS 2018. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/asccs2018.2018.7278.

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This paper primarily focuses on implementing constructions practises that are sustainable, and that can also meet the current demand for infrastructure development around the world. The cement industry is one of the largest industries in the world, as result current construction practices are causing adverse environmental issues ranging from the excessive utilisation of natural resources, emission of greenhouse gases and producing an excessive amount of waste. Thus, to tackle the problem one encouraging solution is to use alkali activated Geopolymer concrete that utilises waste product such as fly ash and grounded slag as a 100% replacement of Portland cement. Subsequently, this paper presents experimental testing and discusses the behaviour of six (6) steel-concrete composite push test specimens incorporating Geopolymer concrete and OPC concrete. A total of three (3) specimens were fabricated using steel profiled Bondek Sheeting and remaining three (3) specimens had a conventional concrete slab. From the result obtained, it was found that push test specimen with conventional slab outperformed specimens fabricated with Bondek profile sheeting due to the reduced amount of concrete surrounding the shear studs cause by Bondek flanges. Also, the results showed that geopolymer concrete has great potential as it achieved almost identical results as compared to control OPC push test specimens.
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Reports on the topic "Slag behaviours"

1

Alan W. Cramb. Quantifying the Thermal Behavior of Slags (TRP 9903). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/840954.

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South, Joseph, Aristedes Yiournas, and Michael Minnicino. The Effect of Slug Material on the Behavior of Small-Caliber Ammunition. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada455868.

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Mahmood, S. M. Fluid flow behavior through rock-slab micromodels in relation to other micromodels. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6843917.

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Ravazdezh, Faezeh, Julio A. Ramirez, and Ghadir Haikal. Improved Live Load Distribution Factors for Use in Load Rating of Older Slab and T-Beam Reinforced Concrete Bridges. Purdue University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317303.

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This report describes a methodology for demand estimate through the improvement of load distribution factors in reinforced concrete flat-slab and T-beam bridges. The proposed distribution factors are supported on three-dimensional (3D) Finite Element (FE) analysis tools. The Conventional Load Rating (CLR) method currently in use by INDOT relies on a two-dimensional (2D) analysis based on beam theory. This approach may overestimate bridge demand as the result of neglecting the presence of parapets and sidewalks present in these bridges. The 3D behavior of a bridge and its response could be better modeled through a 3D computational model by including the participation of all elements. This research aims to investigate the potential effect of railings, parapets, sidewalks, and end-diaphragms on demand evaluation for purposes of rating reinforced concrete flat-slab and T-beam bridges using 3D finite element analysis. The project goal is to improve the current lateral load distribution factor by addressing the limitations resulting from the 2D analysis and ignoring the contribution of non-structural components. Through a parametric study of the slab and T-beam bridges in Indiana, the impact of selected parameters on demand estimates was estimated, and modifications to the current load distribution factors in AASHTO were proposed.
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5

Kono, H. O. Fundamental study on transient bubble (slug) behavior by characterizing transient forces of solid particles in fluidized beds. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/7068612.

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6

Gill, Daniel Fury. Behavior of the Diamond Difference and Low-Order Nodal Numerical Transport Methods in the Thick Diffusion Limit for Slab Geometry. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/903208.

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7

Kono, H. O. Fundamental study on transient bubble (slug) behavior by characterizing transient forces of solid particles in fluidized beds. 1990 Annual report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10185617.

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8

Kono, H. Fundamental study on transient bubble (slug) behavior by characterizing transient forces of solid particles in fluidized beds. Topical report, January 1991--June 1992. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10186994.

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9

A MODEL FOR PREDICTING MOMENT-CURVATURE BEHAVIOR OF SELF-STRESSING SSACFST COLUMNS UNDER LOW CYCLIC LOADING. The Hong Kong Institute of Steel Construction, December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18057/ijasc.2022.18.4.1.

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This paper reports the experimental investigation and theoretical model of self-stressing steel slag aggregate concrete-filled steel tubular (SSACFST) columns under low cyclic loading. Fourteen specimens including ten self-stressing SSACFST columns and four ordinary SSACFST columns (reference columns) are tested, and the effects of four experimental variables, such as axial compression ratio (n), diameter-thickness ratio (D/ts), shear-span ratio ( ), and expansion rate (Pct ) of steel slag aggregate concrete (SSAC) on failure mode, moment-curvature hysteretic curves and skeleton curves are examined. Experimental results demonstrate that the failure mode of columns with high shear-span ratio is bending failure while the bending-shear failure dominates the damage of columns with low shear-span ratio. With the enhancement of axial compression ratio or expansion rate of SSAC, the peak moment of specimens increases. The increase of shear-span ratio or diameter-thickness ratio decreases the peak moment of specimens. The peak curvature of specimens decreases as axial compression ratio increases, while it increases as shear-span ratio increases. The impacts of diameter-thickness ratio and expansion rate of SSAC on peak curvature of specimens are marginal. A simplified calculation method of moment-curvature skeleton curves is suggested and the hysteresis rules of self-stressing SSACFST columns are also proposed by analyzing the features of hysteretic curves. Ultimately, a model for evaluating moment-curvature behavior of self-stressing SSACFST columns under low cyclic loading is established and validated the experimental results with good agreement.
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10

NUMERICAL ANALYSIS AND EVALUATION OF EFFECTIVE SLAB WIDTH OF COMPOSITE CONTINUOUS BEAMS WITH SEMI-RIGID JOINT. The Hong Kong Institute of Steel Construction, December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18057/ijasc.2021.17.4.1.

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The characterization of the structural behavior of composite beams is directly affected by the determination of the effective slab width. Various codes propose their own definitions of the effective width based on the beam span and the slab width parameters. However, the evaluation of the effective width may be influenced by other parameters. The aim of this work is to determine the most important factors affecting effective width for continuous composite beams with semi-rigid joints using numerical simulations. A three-dimensional finite element model of a composite continuous beam using explicit-solver available in ABAQUS is developed. The proposed model is validated through comparisons to available experimental results. A modified model is proposed based on the so-validated model to study the influence of the composite beam-column joint stiffness on the effective width. Then, both numerical models are used to perform an extensive parametric study to investigate the influence of various parameters on the estimation of the effective slab width. The influence of slab width, the shear connection degree, and composite joint stiffness are particularly analyzed to find out the most important parameters influencing the effective width so that simplified equations for the calculation of the effective slab width are proposed.
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