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Wagle, Shyam Sharan <1982>. "SLA Violation Detection Model and SLA Assured Service Brokering (SLaB) in Multi-Cloud Architecture." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2017. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/7791/1/WAGLE_ShyamSharan_tesi.pdf.
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Cloud brokering facilitates CSUs to find cloud services according to their requirements. In the current practice, CSUs or Cloud Service Brokers (CSBs) select cloud services according to SLA committed by CSPs in their website. In our observation, it is found that most of the CSPs do not fulfill the service commitment mentioned in the SLA agreement. Verified cloud service performances against their SLA commitment of CSPs provide an additional trust on CSBs to recommend services to the CSUs. In this thesis work, we propose a SLA assured service-brokering framework, which considers both committed and delivered SLA by CSPs in cloud service recommendation to the users.
For the evaluation of the performance of CSPs, two evaluation techniques: Heat Map and IFL are proposed, which include both directly measurable and non-measurable parameters in the performance evaluation CSPs. These two techniques are implemented using real data measured from CSPs. The result shows that Heat Map technique is more transparent and consistent in CSP performance evaluation than IFL technique. In this work, regulatory compliance of the CSPs is also analyzed and visualized in performance heat map table to provide legal status of CSPs. Moreover, missing points in their terms of service and SLA document are analyzed and recommended to add in the contract document. In the revised European GPDR, DPIA is going to be mandatory for all organizations/tools. The decision recommendation tool developed using above mentioned evaluation techniques may cause potential harm to individuals in assessing data from multiple CSPs. So, DPIA is carried out to assess the potential harm/risks to individuals due to our tool and necessary precaution to be taken in the tool to minimize possible data privacy risks. It also analyzes the service pattern and future performance behavior of CSPs to help CSUs in decision making to select appropriate CSP.
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Doubrava, Jan. "Vyhodnocování SLA nad HP Quality Center." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-165251.
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The objective of this thesis is to propose and describe the database, which enables to measure compliance of Service Level Agreement suppliers of software applications that work with HP Quality Center. The work describes specific solution used in project to implement a new core business system, describes requirements for functionality and use of result the solution. Briefly described is also HP Quality Center, the testing tool, from which are taken the input data and what possibility offers for monitoring the SLA. The proposed database allows calculation of the time which is actually spent by suppliers on solving the errors and comparison of calculated time with the defined SLA. It will also describe how to import data into the database and the basic reports, which are usable after implementation of the proposed solution.
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Michalk, Wibke Anna [Verfasser], and C. [Akademischer Betreuer] Weinhardt. "SLA Establishment Decisions : Minimizing the Risk of SLA Violations / Wibke Anna Michalk. Betreuer: C. Weinhardt." Karlsruhe : KIT-Bibliothek, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1018452001/34.
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Markfjärd, Gabriel. "SLA-Aware Microservice Orchestration : Investigating How to Include SLA Resilience When Updating and Scaling Microservices." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för datavetenskap, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-177704.
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The standard functions found in Kubernetes do not allow for easy management of SLAs. Previous works have touched upon this topic in papers where aware scalers and SLA aware rollout strategies have been investigated. Neither of the relevant papers investigate the use of SLA Aware autoscalers and rollout strategies together. A motivation for investigating this combined approach is the ability to automatically rollout a new update that performs worse than the current version, but where the autoscaler could mitigate this difference and allow the new update to be deployed. This thesis utilizes the Kubernetes operator pattern to implement two operators running in the Kubernetes cluster, one taking care of autoscaling and the other taking care of rollouts. These operators were then evaluated against an SLA specifying that the rate of requests handled per second (requests/s) is important and should be at a level of at least 70. The autoscaler implemented a simple control loop, pulling metrics from the monitoring system, and comparing with the specified SLA, in order to adjust the amount of replicas the current deployment is running, based on the gap to the targeted SLA. The rollout operator utilizes the same metrics to assess the performance of the new update. The rollout strategy is a canary strategy where the new update receives an increasing amount of traffic, and on each new traffic increase the update is evaluated regarding its performance compared to the SLA. As a conclusion the thesis found that the operators combined allowed for a worse performing update to be rolled out using the rollout operator together with scaling by the autoscaler. This yielded better adherence to the SLA than the evaluated equivalent default functions Kubernetes.
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KAYA, KORAY MUSTAFA. "The Feasability of a Permissioned Blockchain-based SLA-management system : A novel approach to SLA management." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-301262.
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Blockchain seems to be the hot new innovation that brings disruption to many different industries in the form of decentralization. Groups of peers can finally organize and work together without a central actor having an authority over the transactions that occur. Other than decentralization, due to the distributed and cryptographic nature of the data, the system also enjoys resilience, immutability and safety. In this thesis, we are leveraging permissioned blockchain technology to take steps towards a trustless service level agreement (SLA) management system where both service providers and customers lack the power to tamper with the contracts and their outcomes. The thesis yields a systematic literature review on the state-of-the-art within SLA management and relevant blockchain technology, a proof-of-concept working with Ericssons decentralized edge service marketplace, Nubo, and finally asimulation which evaluates how the proof-of-concept performs in terms of throughput and latency under different network loads. The simulation shows that the network works as expected, until 70 transactions per second (TPS) are reached, at which point the network is limited by throughput.Blockchain ser ut att vara den nya teknologin som leder till stora förändringar i olika industrier i form av decentralisering. En grupp av noder kan till slut organisera sig och arbeta tillsammmans utan en central figur som styr och har kontroll över arbetet. Utöver decentralisering ger blockchain också fördelen av uthållighet, oföränderlighet och säkerhet till systemet tack vare sin kryptografiska grund. I den här studien utnyttjar vi privat blockchainteknologi för att ta steg mot en decentraliserad service level agreement (SLA) platform, där både tjänsteleverantörer och konsumenter saknar makten att manipulera kontrakt och dess resultat. Studien ger en systematisk literaturstudie på state-of-the-art inom SLA och relevant blockchain teknologi, ett bevis på koncept som fungerar tillsammans med Ericssons decentraliserade Nubo Service Marknad, och till slut en simulation som undersöker hur systemet reagerar i form av genomströmmning och responstid under olika nätverksbelastningar. Undersökningen visar att nätverket fungerar som förväntat upp till 70 transaktioner per sekund, då nätverket begränsas av genomströmning och köer bildas.
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Paula, Luciane de [UNESP]. "O SLA funk de Fernanda Abreu." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/103603.
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Este trabalho versa sobre o funk carioca, encarado como manifestação do hip hop contemporâneo. Para compreender esse movimento, propõe-se a analisar as letras do SLA Funk de Fernanda Abreu (FA) por meio da isotopia da busca por um pertencimento. Revelam-se, no desenvolvimento dessa procura, três componentes: o baile, caracterizado como rito dionisíaco; a antropofagia; e a metalinguagem. Os cronótopos do encontro e do carnaval, bem como a intertextualidade, compõem as canções de FA e caracterizam a relação sujeito-espaço-tempo nelas existente. Para atingir seu objetivo, a pesquisa fundamenta-se, principalmente, nas noções bakhtinianas de diálogo, carnavalização e cronótopo. Os resultados mostram que o tema de constituição das canções analisadas é o prazer realizado nos bailes da pesada. Os sujeitos das canções de FA tentam explicitar, metalingüisticamente, o caráter carnavalesco do baile funk. No universo do hip hop carioca das canções de FA, o corpo aparece retratado como fonte de poder que constitui as mais diversas relações entre os sujeitos. As SLAs representam a cultura do funk por manterem, em seus enunciados, um elo entre discursos e realidade, ao retratarem o baile e seu culto à diversão e ao prazer. Este, adquirido por meio do movimento (suingue) do corpo que dança, canta e encanta. No embalo dos ouvidos e dos movimentos dos corpos, as canções acabam por sustentar e promover um universo da cultura funk: um mundo composto pela liberação do prazer carnal. Assim, as canções de FA levam a conhecer o universo do funk carioca por manifestarem, em seus enunciados, um modo de ser e de sentir.
This research runs upon carioca funk, known as a manifestation of contemporary hip hop. To understand this movement, we would analyze the lyrics of SLA Funk by Fernanda Abreu (FA) through the isotopy of a social belonging search. Three components are revealed during this search: the ball, characterized as a Dionysian ritual; the anthropophagy, and melalanguage. The chronotopes of the meeting and the carnival, as well as the intertextuality, compose FA's songs and characterize the existing relation among subject, space and time. To achieve its objective, the research is, mainly, based on Bakhtinian notions of dialogue, carnavalization and chronotope. The results show that the constitution theme of the analyzed songs is the pleasure realized in Heavy Balls. The subjects of FA's songs try to make explicit, metalinguistically, the carnival character of a funk ball. In the universe of carioca hip hop FA's songs, the body is portrayed as the source of power that constitutes the most diverse relations among subjects. The SLAs represent the culture of funk by maintaining in its statements, a link between discourse and reality, as they portray the ball and its worship to amusement and pleasure, acquired by the movement (swing) of the body that dances, sings and enchants. In the rocking of ears and the bodies' movement, the songs support and promote a universe of funk culture: a world composed of the liberation of carnal pleasure. So, FA's songs reveal the universe of carioca funk by expressing, in its statements, a way of being and of feeling.
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Leal, F?bio de Sousa. "SLA-Based Guidelines for Database Transitioning." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2016. http://repositorio.ufrn.br/handle/123456789/21027.
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Engenharia de Software Baseada em Componentes (CBSE) e Arquitetura Orientada a Servi?os (SOA) tornaram-se formas populares de se desenvolver software nos ?ltimos anos. Durante o ciclo de vida de um software, v?rios componentes e servi?os podem ser desenvolvidos, evolu?dos e substitu?dos. Em ambientes de produ??o, a substitui??o de componentes essenciais - como os que envolvem bancos de dados - ? uma opera??o delicada, onde v?rias restri??es e stakeholders devem ser considerados. Service-Level agreement (acordo de n?vel de servi?o - SLA), de acordo com o gloss?rio oficial da ITIL v3 , ? ?um acordo entre um provedor de servi?o de TI e um cliente. O acordo consiste em um conjunto de restri??es mensur?veis que um prestador de servi?os deve garantir aos seus clientes.?. Em termos pr?ticos, um SLA ? um documento que um prestador de servi?o oferece aos seus consumidores garantindo n?veis m?nimos de qualidade de servi?o (QoS). Este trabalho busca avaliar a utiliza??o de SLAs para guiar o processo de transi??o de bancos de dados em ambientes de produ??o. Em particular, propomos um conjunto de guidelines baseados em SLAs para apoiar decis?es migra??es de bancos de dados relacionais (RDBMS) para bancos NoSQL. Nosso trabalho ? validado por estudos de caso.
Component-based Software Engineering (CBSE) and Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) became popular ways to develop software over the last years. During the life-cycle of a software system, several components and services can be developed, evolved and replaced. In production environments, the replacement of core components, such as databases, is often a risky and delicate operation, where several factors and stakeholders should be considered. Service Level Agreement (SLA), according to ITILv3?s official glossary, is ?an agreement between an IT service provider and a customer. The agreement consists on a set of measurable constraints that a service provider must guarantee to its customers.?. In practical terms, SLA is a document that a service provider delivers to its consumers with minimum quality of service (QoS) metrics.This work is intended to assesses and improve the use of SLAs to guide the transitioning process of databases on production environments. In particular, in this work we propose SLA-Based Guidelines/Process to support migrations from a relational database management system (RDBMS) to a NoSQL one. Our study is validated by case studies.
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Paula, Luciane de. "O SLA funk de Fernanda Abreu /." Araraquara : [s.n.], 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/103603.
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Orientador: Renata Maria Facuri Coelho MarchezanBanca: Maria do Rosário Gregolin
Banca: Fernanda Mussalim
Banca: Dulce Consuelo Andreatta Whitaker
Resumo: Este trabalho versa sobre o funk carioca, encarado como manifestação do hip hop contemporâneo. Para compreender esse movimento, propõe-se a analisar as letras do SLA Funk de Fernanda Abreu (FA) por meio da isotopia da busca por um pertencimento. Revelam-se, no desenvolvimento dessa procura, três componentes: o baile, caracterizado como "rito dionisíaco"; a "antropofagia"; e a metalinguagem. Os cronótopos do encontro e do carnaval, bem como a intertextualidade, compõem as canções de FA e caracterizam a relação sujeito-espaço-tempo nelas existente. Para atingir seu objetivo, a pesquisa fundamenta-se, principalmente, nas noções bakhtinianas de diálogo, carnavalização e cronótopo. Os resultados mostram que o tema de constituição das canções analisadas é o prazer realizado nos "bailes da pesada". Os sujeitos das canções de FA tentam explicitar, metalingüisticamente, o caráter carnavalesco do baile funk. No universo do hip hop carioca das canções de FA, o corpo aparece retratado como fonte de poder que constitui as mais diversas relações entre os sujeitos. As SLAs representam a cultura do funk por manterem, em seus enunciados, um elo entre discursos e "realidade", ao retratarem o baile e seu culto à diversão e ao prazer. Este, adquirido por meio do movimento (suingue) do corpo que dança, canta e encanta. No embalo dos ouvidos e dos movimentos dos corpos, as canções acabam por sustentar e promover um universo da cultura funk: um mundo composto pela liberação do prazer carnal. Assim, as canções de FA levam a conhecer o universo do funk carioca por manifestarem, em seus enunciados, um modo de ser e de sentir.
Abstract: This research runs upon carioca funk, known as a manifestation of contemporary hip hop. To understand this movement, we would analyze the lyrics of SLA Funk by Fernanda Abreu (FA) through the isotopy of a social belonging search. Three components are revealed during this search: the ball, characterized as a Dionysian ritual; the anthropophagy, and melalanguage. The chronotopes of the meeting and the carnival, as well as the intertextuality, compose FA's songs and characterize the existing relation among subject, space and time. To achieve its objective, the research is, mainly, based on Bakhtinian notions of dialogue, carnavalization and chronotope. The results show that the constitution theme of the analyzed songs is the pleasure realized in "Heavy Balls". The subjects of FA's songs try to make explicit, metalinguistically, the carnival character of a funk ball. In the universe of carioca hip hop FA's songs, the body is portrayed as the source of power that constitutes the most diverse relations among subjects. The SLAs represent the culture of funk by maintaining in its statements, a link between discourse and "reality", as they portray the ball and its worship to amusement and pleasure, acquired by the movement (swing) of the body that dances, sings and enchants. In the rocking of ears and the bodies' movement, the songs support and promote a universe of funk culture: a world composed of the liberation of carnal pleasure. So, FA's songs reveal the universe of carioca funk by expressing, in its statements, a way of being and of feeling.
Doutor
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Nourrisson, Sandrine Furby Alain. "La communication alternative dans la SLA." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2007. http://castore.univ-nantes.fr/castore/GetOAIRef?idDoc=18341.
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Soares, G. A. "ADVANCED SLA MANAGEMENT IN CLOUD COMPUTING." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/469206.
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The advent of high-performance technologies and the increase in volume of data used by organizations led to the need for migration from an internal structure to Cloud environment. The continuous development of tools, methods and techniques have expanded the understanding of the various functions, structures and processes related to Cloud Computing. However, the increase in computing power led to the development and use of more complex models, including this scope the complexity of Service Level Agreements (SLA). The need for understanding at a high level of SLAs established between customers and service providers in Cloud led to different studies on the definition and standardization of these agreements. Nowadays, cloud computing technologies are becoming more and more popular, especially with respect to data storage. However, the processes used to determine the Cloud Service Agreements do not consider the final customer’s needs, considering only the supply capacity of the service provider. For these reasons, the development of service agreements that meets the needs of customers should be designed in order to increase the usability of Cloud environments, and enabling the discovery of new areas of application in accordance with market demand. In this context, the use of ontologies that describes the information that composes each type of service, and thus enable an understanding of the agreements reached, is configured as an approach to be considered. Moreover, the generalization and abstraction of information that can be observed in different services allows a broader vision for managing SLAs. For these reasons, this thesis aims to find innovative methods for the composition of Service Level Agreements in Cloud Computing. In particular, the methods presented allow demonstrate the convergence of several consolidated techniques in research on Cloud SLA using a new approach that considers new demands on Cloud and allows control of the established agreements, in addition to effectively ensure the application of the concept of XaaS (everything as a service). The originality of the approach allows the registration, search, composition and control of services in Cloud using the same structure. The new approach presented in this thesis allows the understanding of the impact of the new services requested by customers, giving the provider the possibility of simulating the use of the necessary resources to meet the new services’ requests. From the presentation of a conceptual framework we can demonstrate the use of our approach through the examples of different situations presented in the real world and considering the new market possibilities.
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Ambrose, William, Samuel Athley, and Niclas Dagland. "Cloud Computing : Security Risks, SLA, and Trust." Thesis, Jönköping University, JIBS, Business Informatics, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-12484.
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With Cloud Computing becoming a popular term on the Information Technology (IT) market, security and accountability has become important issues to highlight. In our research we review these concepts by focusing on security risks with Cloud Computing and the associated services; Software, Platform and Infrastructure (SPI) and connecting them with a social study of trust.
The method that was conducted during our research was reviewing secondary literature, interviewing different experts regarding Cloud Computing and relating standards already established by ENISA, NIST, and CSA to the interviews.
The result of this study shows connections between the specific SPIs, both how they compare, but also how they differ. In the end we were also able to rank the top security risks from interviews with experts and see which SPI could be the most insecure one and what countermeasures could be applied.
This was further related to trust and Service Level Agreement (SLA) in Cloud Computing to show how the security risks we discuss are related to these two specific areas. By highlighting this we wanted to present useable information for both clients and providers in how to create a better Cloud Computing environment.
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Seemann, Patrick. "Design of 120cc Single Cylinder Experimental Engine for Analysis of Intake Swirl and Multiple Ignition Sites." Scholarly Repository, 2009. http://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/oa_theses/219.
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The intent of this thesis is to design, build, and test a cylinder head with variable swirl and ignition sites. The design aspect used Solid Works Floworks to model airflow within the head and cylinder. Swirl rate and volumetric flow rate were calculated from the results. Many design iterations took place before a suitable design was accomplished. Once the suitable design was reached, it was built using the rapid prototyping method known as 3-D printing (Fused Deposition Modeling). Valve guides and seats were installed in the head. Then valves, springs, and retainers were installed to allow for testing. The inlet was created using stereo-lithography due to its smooth surface finish and thin walls. A pin wheel swirl measuring device was built to measure tangential rotation rate of gasses in the cylinder. The experimental head was tested on the University of Miami flow bench in the Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory. The results of the experimental work and theoretical modeling were compared. The results matched closely. The difference between experimental and theoretical values for high swirl flow rates were less than 3% error and the swirl ratio was less than 10%. For the low swirl scenario, error was less than 30%. The measured flow rate for the high swirl scenario was 28.87 CFM and the swirl ratio was measured as 2.87. SolidWorks Floworks created accurate results for the high swirl scenario and further experimentation should be conducted for different geometries.
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Lynn, Charity M. "Accuracy models for SLA build style decision support." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/16832.
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Tiwari, Prakriti. "Fulfilling efficiently SLA availability guarantees in backbone networks." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for telematikk, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-27342.
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The availability and reliability of backbone networks is important tosociety. However, physical, software and unintentional human errorfailures affect the links and nodes in a backbone network. To overcomesuch failures in the network, recovery mechanisms such as Protectionand Restoration are utilized. Additionally, a concept of Service LevelAgreement (SLA) is introduced between the provider and the user whichdefines and guarantees the network availability requirements and penaltyschemes. In this thesis, fulfilling the SLA availability guarantee efficientlyin a backbone network is investigated.This thesis focuses on the problem of handling end-to-end path failureson backbone networks. Some of the popular existing recovery mechanismsto handle such failures are Dedicated Backup Path Protection (DBPP) andPath Restoration (PR). A high percentage of network survivability canbe achieved by DBPP with a reserved backup path for each provisionedconnection. Unfortunately, it is very costly and resource demanding.Whereas, a PR based solution consumes only the needed resources but itis very slow to recover from failure which might effect the SLA availabilityguarantee. The work in this thesis aims at providing a hybrid networkrecovery model that combines the benefits of both DBPP and PR. Thehybrid model switches between DBPP and PR according to the SLAavailability requirement over a contract period and the current networkconnection state (i.e. the remaining time of the SLA and current sum ofdowntimes (accumulated downtime)).Moreover, an analysis in the failure logs of UNINETT’s backbonenetwork is made to model the probability distribution of the accumulateddowntime that uses PR. A distribution fitting is made for modeling theconnection downtime data taken from UNINETT’s backbone networkwhere Weibull distribution proved to be a good approximation. Additionally,a model for distribution of accumulated downtime that usesDBPP for both non-simultaneous and simultaneous failures of the workingpath and backup path is provided. An in-depth explanation of howthese distributions models can be used in the design of hybrid models ispresented.Two hybrid models were approached in this thesis. The first hybridapproach used the DBPP scheme at the beginning of the SLA durationand then it switches to PR when the calculated SLA risk assessmentshows that the probability of violating the SLA requirement is lower attime t. The second hybrid approach used the PR scheme at the beginningof the SLA duration and then it switches to DBPP when the accumulateddowntime at time t reach near to the threshold of the SLA risk targetsuch that the probability of violating the SLA requirement is higher.The transition line which decides the switching between PR and DBPPare computed for each hybrid approach using the results obtained fromthe accumulated downtime distribution model of PR and DBPP. Thetransition line defined in this thesis provides information about when theconnection should switch between Protection and Restoration mechanismby knowing the network connection state. The computed transition lineswith a 1 percent SLA risk target is verified via discrete event simulationin DEMOS. The SLA risk target is the probability of failing the SLA,however the provider can tune the risk target by using an advancednetwork recovery mechanism (e.g Protection) for more or less time. Thesimulation results showed that the proposed hybrid models work well,fulfilling the SLA availability guarantee efficiently with respect to theresource utilization. In addition, the results also revealed that usingthe PR scheme at the beginning of the SLA contract provides threetimes better resource utilization than using the DBPP scheme at thebeginning. Cost analysis for network providers are made with differentSLA risk targets in order to find the optimal SLA risk target for networkproviders. The results from analysis suggested that the total cost fornetwork providers decreases with the increase of SLA risk target untilthe total cost reaches its minimum, then it starts to increase again.The result of this thesis might contribute to future research on developinga hybrid model to reach particular performance objectives incommunication networks.
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Gupta, Vivek. "Probability of SLA Violation for Semi-Markov Availability." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1235610777.
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García, García Andrés. "SLA-Driven Cloud Computing Domain Representation and Management." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/36579.
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The assurance of Quality of Service (QoS) to the applications, although identified as a key feature since long ago [1], is one of the fundamental challenges that remain unsolved. In the Cloud Computing context, Quality of Service is defined as the measure of the compliance of certain user requirement in the delivery of a cloud resource, such as CPU or memory load for a virtual machine, or more abstract and higher level concepts such as response time or availability. Several research groups, both from academia and industry, have started working on describing the QoS levels that define the conditions under which the service need to be delivered, as well as on developing the necessary means to effectively manage and evaluate the state of these conditions.
[2] propose Service Level Agreements (SLAs) as the vehicle for the definition of QoS guarantees, and the provision and management of resources. A Service Level Agreement (SLA) is a formal contract between providers and consumers, which defines the quality of service, the obligations and the guarantees in the delivery of a specific good. In the context of Cloud computing, SLAs are considered to be machine readable documents, which are automatically managed by the provider's platform.
SLAs need to be dynamically adapted to the variable conditions of resources and applications. In a multilayer architecture, different parts of an SLA may refer to different resources. SLAs may therefore express complex relationship between entities in a changing environment, and be applied to resource selection to implement intelligent scheduling algorithms.
Therefore SLAs are widely regarded as a key feature for the future development of Cloud platforms. However, the application of SLAs for Grid and Cloud systems has many open research lines. One of these challenges, the modeling of the landscape, lies at the core of the objectives of the Ph. D. Thesis.García García, A. (2014). SLA-Driven Cloud Computing Domain Representation and Management [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/36579
TESIS
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Cancemi, Alessandro. "Un sistema di monitoring SLA a livello applicativo." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2011. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/1946/.
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In questo lavoro si vuole studiare il problema del monitoring di quei parametri del SLA che riguardano aspetti definiti a livello applicativo, nei contesti
dell’erogazione di servizi business-to-business.
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Sun, Zhichao. "Feasibility Study of a SLA Driven Transmission Service." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för kommunikationssystem, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-10798.
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Network based services are expanding scale at an unprecedented speed currently. With the continuously strengthen of user’s dependence on these, performance issues are becoming more and more important. Service Level Agreement (SLA) is a negotiated contract between service provider and customer in the way of service quality, priority, responsibility, etc. In this thesis, we designed and implemented a prototype for a SLA driven transmission service, which can deliver a file from one host to another, using a combination of different transport protocols. The proposed service measures the network conditions, and based on these and user’s requirement, it dynamically evaluates if it can meet the user SLA. Once a transmission has been accepted, it uses this information to adjust the usage of different transfer layer protocols, in order to meet the agreed SLA. The thesis work is based on the investigating of network theory and experimental results. We research how the SLA driven transmission service is affected by various factors, they include user’s requirements, network conditions, and service performance, etc. We design and implement an evaluation model for the network performance. It reveals how network performance is influenced by different network metrics, such as Round-Trip-Time (RTT), Throughput, and Packet Loss Rate (PLR), etc. We implement a transmission service on real test-bed, which is a controllable environment. We can alter the network metrics and measuring frequency of our evaluation model. Then, we evaluate these changes with our evaluation model and improve the performance of the transmission service. After that, we propose a calculating method for the service cost. At last, we can summarize the feasibility of this SLA driven transmission service. In the experiments, we obtain the variable delivery time and packet loss of the transmission service, which are changed with RTT and PLR of network. We analyze the different performance of transmission service, which uses TCP, UDP, and SCTP separately. Also a suitable measuring frequency and the cost for the usage of transmission service on this frequency are pointed out. Statistical analysis on the experiment results show that such SLA driven transmission service is feasible. It brings improved performance for user’s requirements. In addition, we come up with some useful suggestions and future work for the transmission service.
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Alhamad, Mohammed. "SLA-based trust model for secure cloud computing." Thesis, Curtin University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/1189.
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Cloud computing has changed the strategy used for providing distributed services to many business and government agents. Cloud computing delivers scalable and on-demand services to most users in different domains. However, this new technology has also created many challenges for service providers and customers, especially for those users who already own complicated legacy systems. This thesis discusses the challenges of, and proposes solutions to, the issues of dynamic pricing, management of service level agreements (SLA), performance measurement methods and trust management for cloud computing.In cloud computing, a dynamic pricing scheme is very important to allow cloud providers to estimate the price of cloud services. Moreover, the dynamic pricing scheme can be used by cloud providers to optimize the total cost of cloud data centres and correlate the price of the service with the revenue model of service. In the context of cloud computing, dynamic pricing methods from the perspective of cloud providers and cloud customers are missing from the existing literature. A dynamic pricing scheme for cloud computing must take into account all the requirements of building and operating cloud data centres. Furthermore, a cloud pricing scheme must consider issues of service level agreements with cloud customers.I propose a dynamic pricing methodology which provides adequate estimating methods for decision makers who want to calculate the benefits and assess the risks of using cloud technology. I analyse the results and evaluate the solutions produced by the proposed scheme. I conclude that my proposed scheme of dynamic pricing can be used to increase the total revenue of cloud service providers and help cloud customers to select cloud service providers with a good quality level of service.Regarding the concept of SLA, I provide an SLA definition in the context of cloud computing to achieve the aim of presenting a clearly structured SLA for cloud users and improving the means of establishing a trustworthy relationship between service provider and customer. In order to provide a reliable methodology for measuring the performance of cloud platforms, I develop performance metrics to measure and compare the scalability of the virtualization resources of cloud data centres. First, I discuss the need for a reliable method of comparing the performance of various cloud services currently being offered. Then, I develop a different type of metrics and propose a suitable methodology to measure the scalability using these metrics. I focus on virtualization resources such as CPU, storage disk, and network infrastructure.To solve the problem of evaluating the trustworthiness of cloud services, this thesis develops a model for each of the dimensions for Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) using fuzzy-set theory. I use the Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy-inference approach to develop an overall measure of trust value for the cloud providers. It is not easy to evaluate the cloud metrics for all types of cloud services. So, in this thesis, I use Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) as a main example when I collect the data and apply the fuzzy model to evaluate trust in terms of cloud computing. Tests and results are presented to evaluate the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed model.
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Bendriss, Jaafar. "Cognitive management of SLA in software-based networks." Thesis, Evry, Institut national des télécommunications, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TELE0003/document.
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L’objectif de la thèse est d’étudier la gestion de bout en bout des architectures à la SDN, et comment nos briques OSS (Operation Support System) doivent évoluer: cela implique d’étudier les processus métier associés, leurs implémentations ainsi que l’outillage nécessaire. Les objectifs de la thèse sont donc de répondre aux verrous suivants:1. Identifier les changements impliqués par l’émergence de ces réseaux programmables sur les architectures de gestions en termes d’exigences ou "requirements". L’étude peut être focalisée sur un type de réseau, mobile par exemple. 2. Identifier l’évolution à apporter aux interfaces de gestions actuelles: quelles alternatives aux FCAPS (fault, configuration, accounting, performance, and security) ? Quels changements à apporter aux couches de gestions allant du gestionnaire d’équipement ou "Element Management System" jusqu’au OSS ?The main goal of the PhD activities is to define and develop architecture and mechanisms to ensure consistency and continuity of the operations and behaviors in mixed physical/virtual environments, characterized by a high level of dynamicity, elasticity and heterogeneity by applying a cognitive approach to the architecture where applicable. The target is then to avoid the "build it first, manage it later" paradigm. The research questions targeted by the PhD are the following: 1. Identify the changes on Network Operation Support Systems implementation when using SDN as a design approach for future networks. The study could be restricted to mobile networks for example, or sub-part of it (CORE networks, RAN, data centers, etc); 2.Identify the needed evolution at the management interfaces level: a. Shall we need alternative to the well-known FCAPS and do we still need the element management system? b. What will change to provision an SDN based service? c. How to ensure resiliency of SDN based networks?
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Bendriss, Jaafar. "Cognitive management of SLA in software-based networks." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Evry, Institut national des télécommunications, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TELE0003.
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L’objectif de la thèse est d’étudier la gestion de bout en bout des architectures à la SDN, et comment nos briques OSS (Operation Support System) doivent évoluer: cela implique d’étudier les processus métier associés, leurs implémentations ainsi que l’outillage nécessaire. Les objectifs de la thèse sont donc de répondre aux verrous suivants:1. Identifier les changements impliqués par l’émergence de ces réseaux programmables sur les architectures de gestions en termes d’exigences ou "requirements". L’étude peut être focalisée sur un type de réseau, mobile par exemple. 2. Identifier l’évolution à apporter aux interfaces de gestions actuelles: quelles alternatives aux FCAPS (fault, configuration, accounting, performance, and security) ? Quels changements à apporter aux couches de gestions allant du gestionnaire d’équipement ou "Element Management System" jusqu’au OSS ?The main goal of the PhD activities is to define and develop architecture and mechanisms to ensure consistency and continuity of the operations and behaviors in mixed physical/virtual environments, characterized by a high level of dynamicity, elasticity and heterogeneity by applying a cognitive approach to the architecture where applicable. The target is then to avoid the "build it first, manage it later" paradigm. The research questions targeted by the PhD are the following: 1. Identify the changes on Network Operation Support Systems implementation when using SDN as a design approach for future networks. The study could be restricted to mobile networks for example, or sub-part of it (CORE networks, RAN, data centers, etc); 2.Identify the needed evolution at the management interfaces level: a. Shall we need alternative to the well-known FCAPS and do we still need the element management system? b. What will change to provision an SDN based service? c. How to ensure resiliency of SDN based networks?
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Procházka, Ondřej. "Údržba a poimplementační podpora BI řešení." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-19093.
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The theme of this dissertation thesis is the maintenance support Business Inteligence solutions. It is written in cooperation with the firm Clever Decision. The dissertation consists of two parts. The first part deals with the solution of the SLA contract, actually designing the SLA (Service Level Agreement) contract, wich the company used as an add-on support for the treaty. The second part is devoted to the helpdesk, the solution, process design and functionality of which is coming in when selecting an appropriate software solution. The aim of the work is properly designed SLA and help desk solution, including the selected software solution. At the beginning of this work is explain the concept of Service Level Agreement from several possible perspectives: general SLA, SLA for data and legal aspects of the SLA. The study also proposed a general SLA contract for small business. In the second part is processing the proposals and a description of the service desk processes. The proposal is primarily aimed at the implementation, measurement and reporting, SLA performace is not included there. Processes are designed in accordance with the requirements of the company. The following section the work deals with design and describing the helpdesk functionality. Finally, it is selected by the required functionality appropriate software solution.
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Zavaleta, Kaitlyn Leigh. "The Role of Executive Control in Language Learning." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/332902.
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This dissertation examines whether enhanced executive function plays a role in successful second language acquisition (SLA). Specifically, I examine learners’ performance in language learning tasks and in three tasks argued to reflect components of Miyake et al.’s (2000) model of executive control. Many studies in the past decade have claimed to find superior performance in executive control tasks by lifelong bilinguals (e.g., Bialystok, 2011). There is also research that supports a relationship between bilingualism and success in third language acquisition (TLA) (e.g., Kaushanskaya & Marian, 2009). The purpose of the present research is to explore whether an advantage in learning an additional language might be due to enhanced executive function. If enhanced executive function aids language learning, then I expect to find a significant correlation between performance on a language learning task and performance on executive function tasks, even for learners without a history of bilingualism. In this dissertation, I first describe the literature that examines the variables that support SLA, as well as research showing a bilingual advantage in executive function. Next I present empirical studies I conducted in which monolinguals, language learners, and bilinguals were taught novel words in an unfamiliar language (Turkish) and completed a series of language learning and executive function tasks, as well as another study in which language learners and bilinguals currently enrolled in a second language course were tested in the same tasks. Results show some group effects for executive function and language learning tasks, but the results are not consistent with previous research. Furthermore, the relationship between executive function skills and language learning success is complex and inconsistent, suggesting that further research is needed.
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ALDOSSARI, SARAH ABDULLAH. "ACQUISITION OF ENGLISH FLAP AMONG SAUDI SPEAKERS." OpenSIUC, 2013. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/1075.
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This study investigated two variables in relation to American English flapping among Saudi speakers. These two variables were gender and phonetic environment of flapping. For the purpose of the study, 20 Saudi university students, 10 male and 10 female, were chosen. In addition, three environments of flapping have been used in two production tasks. These environments were, flapping followed by syllabic /ɹ/, flapping followed by syllabic /l/, and flapping followed by a vowel. The two tasks were a word list and a paragraph. The results of the study revealed that female participants flapped less often than male participants in all three environments in both tasks. Female participants flapped 19% of the time in both tasks. On comparison, male participants flapped 65% of the time in both tasks. The difference between genders was high at 46%. The average of the first environment was 47% for both genders, 40% for the second environment, and 37% for the third. Age, word frequency, age of onset, and economic class did not have a significant relation in the flapping production.
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Ghumman, Waheed Aslam. "Automation of The SLA Life Cycle in Cloud Computing." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2017. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-229535.
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Cloud computing has become a prominent paradigm to offer on-demand services for softwares, infrastructures and platforms. Cloud services are contracted by a service level agreement (SLA) between a cloud service provider (CSP) and a cloud service user (CSU) which contains service definitions, quality of service (QoS) parameters, guarantees and obligations. Cloud service providers mostly offer SLAs in descriptive format which is not directly consumable by a machine or a system. The SLA written in natural language may impede the utility of rapid elasticity in a cloud service. Manual management of SLAs with growing usage of cloud services can be a challenging, erroneous and tedious task especially for the CSUs acquiring multiple cloud services. The necessity of automating the complete SLA life cycle (which includes SLA description in machine readable format, negotiation, monitoring and management) becomes imminent due to complex requirements for the precise measurement of QoS parameters. Current approaches toward automating the complete SLA life cycle, lack in standardization, completeness and applicability to cloud services. Automation of different phases of the SLA life cycle (e.g. negotiation, monitoring and management) is dependent on the availability of a machine readable SLA.
In this work, a structural specification for the SLAs in cloud computing (S3LACC in short) is presented which is designed specifically for cloud services, covers complete SLA life cycle and conforms with the available standards. A time efficient SLA negotiation technique is accomplished (based on the S3LACC) for concurrently negotiating with multiple CSPs. After successful negotiation process, next leading task in the SLA life cycle is to monitor the cloud services for ensuring the quality of service according to the agreed SLA. A distributed monitoring approach for the cloud SLAs is presented, in this work, which is suitable for services being used at single or multiple locations. The proposed approach reduces the number of communications of SLA violations to a monitoring coordinator by eliminating the unnecessary communications. The presented work on the complete SLA life cycle automation is evaluated and validated with the help of use cases, experiments and simulations.
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Clemente, Olmos Maria De Los Angeles. "SLA research on self-direction : theoretical and practical issues." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1998. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10006605/.
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Debras, Corinne. "SLA/Démence : étude rétrospective d'une série de 7 patients." Bordeaux 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997BOR23041.
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Rouse, John Montgomery. "English Teaching and Convergence in Bilingualism and L2/SLA." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för lärande och samhälle (LS), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-28448.
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Looking at Bilingualism and L2/SLA (Second Language Acquisition) theory and practice are there points of convergence that reflect notions of global emerging bilingualism, and can be used in language learning. Giving an overview of the key theories within each field then using a literature review from June 2013 – June 2014 we see what approaches are suggested in 36 journals. The journals show an increase in discussion, but there is still a notable lack of both dialogue and experimental work. One possible approach Language as SocialSemiotic approach (LASS) which builds on Halliday’s Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL) emphasises created meaning.
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Štefek, Ivan. "Cenové modely a SLA pre zdieľané služby dátových centier." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-150109.
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Thesis Price models and SLA for shared services of data centers has as objective to establish best practice, so-called "best practices" of SLA and price models for data center services. Work is divided into two parts, theoretical and practical part. The theoretical section is wants to familiarize the reader with the basic concepts such as outsourcing, reasons and risks of use. I describe the base models for providing IT services as well as pricing models for services as described in the literature. I will focus on data centers and TIER standard categorization, too. The practical part is based on an analysis of information that I got from an interview with the experts working for the biggest data center companies in the Czech Republic. Based on this information, I tried to compile the best practices for creating pricing models for data center services that are actually used in practice. Specifically, the server housing, server hosting and virtual server services. Also, for these services create an SLA that can be used by some data center company in the Czech Republic.
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Howald, Michèle. "Charakterisierung von Schweine Leukozytenantigene (SLA) Klasse II - spezifischen Alloantiseren /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 1992. http://www.ub.unibe.ch/content/bibliotheken_sammlungen/sondersammlungen/dissen_bestellformular/index_ger.html.
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Zito, Daniele. "SLA and Advance Reservation in Wide Area Distributed Systems." Doctoral thesis, Università di Catania, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10761/1094.
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The terms Software on demand, Software as commodity or Software as a service (SaaS), represent the keywords of a new trend in the field of distributed computing where the main attention is directed towards the users and their needs, in order to compose a set of new market/research segments.
Within this trend, two set of technologies have emerged: Grid and Cloud.
Through them, web is becoming a marketplace where each user can find, use and compose services and applications offered, with different qualities, from different providers. From the users point of view, this scenario allows them to have what they want, when they need it, with a specific quality of service, without having to care for the management or ownership of hardware and software resources. From the service provider s point of view, instead, the ability to offer all these functionalities implies the adoption of an effective strategy for services and resources management: the providers have to cope with new and complex challenges in order to guarantee the satisfaction of the user s requests.
The aims of this thesis are to investigates these challenges both in a wide area Grid based service marketplace and in a Cloud based multicore environments, proposing for each one an effective solution and discussing the obtained advantages.
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Rojas, Marco Antonio Torrez. "Gerenciamento de acordo de nível de serviço de segurança para computação em nuvem." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3141/tde-26012017-112414/.
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O paradigma de computação em nuvem, por meio de seus modelos de serviço e implantação, apresenta para os provedores de serviço e consumidores benefícios e desafios. Um dos principais desafios apontados pela área de computação em nuvem é com relação à segurança da informação, especificamente a questão de conformidade com relação a contratos firmados entre o provedor e o consumidor. O acordo de nível de serviço (SLA) é um destes contratos, no qual são estabelecidos requisitos para a entrega e operação do serviço contratado pelo consumidor, bem como penalidades em caso de não atendimento a requisitos estabelecidos no contrato. Comumente, em um SLA definido entre provedor de serviço e consumidor as necessidades de disponibilidade e desempenho com relação ao serviço contratado são especificados, o que não ocorre com relação às necessidades de segurança. A necessidade de especificação de requisitos de segurança em um SLA, em especial confidencialidade e integridade, para o contexto de computação em nuvem, bem como arquiteturas de computação que tratem de requisitos de segurança em um SLA e efetuem o gerenciamento destes requisitos durante o ciclo de vida do SLA, encontram-se em evolução, se comparado aos requisitos de disponibilidade. Considerando a demanda crescente de incorporação de SLA de Segurança nos contratos de serviços de computação em nuvem, este trabalho tem como objetivo propor e avaliar um arcabouço de gerenciamento de serviços de computação em nuvem para o modelo de infraestrutura como serviço (IaaS), tendo como base requisitos de segurança especificados em um SLA, em especial os requisitos de confidencialidade e integridade. O gerenciamento proposto pelo arcabouço contempla as etapas do ciclo de vida de um SLA, que compreende as fases de: i) definir e especificar o SLA; ii) gerenciar e implantar o SLA; iii) executar e gerenciar o SLA e iv) finalizar o SLA. A validação do arcabouço proposto é realizada por meio da sua aplicação em um cenário de uso, onde será verificado o atendimento aos requisitos de segurança definidos e especificados no SLA. Para assegurar que o arcabouço proposto é seguro, bem como a sua integração com o ambiente de computação em nuvem é realizada análise de ameaças do arcabouço, e ações de mitigação apresentadas. Ao final, mostra-se que o arcabouço de gerenciamento proposto cumpre com os objetivos e requisitos propostos.The cloud computing paradigm given its service and deployment models presents several benefits and challenges. One of the main challenges is related to information security, in particular, the compliance contracts between consumers and service provider. Service Level Agreements (SLAs) are contracts in which requirements about service operation and delivery as well as penalties in case of non-compliance of these requirements are defined. A SLA is usually defined in terms of availability and performance requirements, and data security requirements are normally not specified in details as these requirements. The need for security requirements specified in an SLA, especially confidentiality and integrity to the cloud computing paradigm, as well computing architectures to deal with SLA security requirements and management of cloud services based on SLA security requirements in an automated manner during its entire lifecycle are still in evolution, compared to availability requirements. In order to deal with these ineeds, this work aims to propose and evaluate a framework to orchestrate the management of cloud services for the infrastructure as a service (IaaS) based on SLA security requirements, specifically the confidentiality and integrity requirements. The management proposed by the framework comprehend the steps of the SLA lifecycle: i) SLA specification and definition; ii) SLA deployment and management; iii) SLA execute and monitoring; and iv) SLA termination. The validation of proposed framework is performed by its application in a usage scenario, checking the compliance with defined security requirements and specified in the SLA. To ensure the security of proposed framework and its cloud computing environment integration, a threat modeling is performed and mitigation actions are presented. At last, it is shown that the proposed management framework meets the specified framework requirements.
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Hu, Rui. "Etude des gènes de classe I non classiques du complexe majeur d'histocompatibilité chez le porc." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011VERS0013.
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Chez le porc, les trois gènes du CMH de classe I non classiques (gènes SLA-Ib) SLA-6, -7 et -8 sont peu étudiés alors que ce sont des candidats majeurs comme homologues fonctionnels des gènes humains HLA-E, -F et -G qui font l’objet de travaux soutenus de par leur rôle dans la tolérance fœto-maternelle lors de la grossesse chez la femme notamment. Notre objectif a consisté à analyser le polymorphisme, la transcription et l’expression des protéines de ces trois gènes d’intérêt. Nous avons montré que les trois gènes sont transcrits dans une large gamme de tissus, avec une expression prépondérante dans les tissus lymphoïdes, le système digestif et les poumons. Les trois gènes expriment des transcrits qui codent pour des protéines de pleine longueur dont la traduction et la prédiction de conformation sont compatibles avec la présentation de peptides à la surface cellulaire. Les gènes SLA-6 et -7 expriment des transcrits alternatifs qui pourraient coder pour des isoformes solubles, alors qu’un unique transcrit a été trouvé pour le gène SLA-8. Un épissage alternatif dans la région 3’ non codante en aval du codon de terminaison a également été identifié pour SLA-7, suggérant l’existence de mécanismes de régulation post-transcriptionnelle pour ce gène. Les analyses de polymorphisme ont confirmé des variations nucléotidiques limitées mais mis en évidence une variation du nombre de copies du gène SLA-7 selon les animaux. Des analyses sont encore en cours pour caractériser la spécificité d’anticorps monoclonaux dirigés contre les molécules SLA-Ib dans des expériences de transfections transitoires en cultures de cellules. Nos résultats sont une contribution importante à la caractérisation des gènes SLA-Ib chez le porc et permettront de poursuivre avec des approches plus fonctionnelles visant l’analyse de leurs possibles fonctions dans des mécanismes liés à l’immuno-toléranceIn pig, very little information is available on the three non classical MHC class I genes SLA-6, -7 and -8 (SLA-Ib genes). Our aim was to increase knowledge on SLA-Ib genes by studying their polymorphism, transcription and protein expression. Full length transcripts were characterized from thymus and brain of MeLiM pigs resulting in the annotation of 8 exons for SLA-7 and -8 and 7 exons for SLA-6. The three full length cDNAs encode molecules with a predicted folding consistent with peptide presentation. No additional transcript was found for SLA-8 while four and five were detected for SLA-6 and SLA-7, respectively, suggesting that some soluble forms of these molecules may exist. For SLA-7, an alternative spliced variant was found in the 3’UTR of the gene after the termination codon suggesting possible post-transcriptional regulation of the gene. Polymorphism studies confirmed a limited nucleotide polymorphism but revealed an unexpected copy number variation for SLA-7. Ongoing experiments are still in progress to characterize monoclonal antibodies specific of each SLA-Ib molecule in transient transfection systems. Our overall results provided significant new data on SLA-Ib genes and will pave a way toward more functional analyses related to their putative function in immuno-tolerance
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Mayap, Kamga Christine. "Gestion de ressources de façon "éco-énergétique" dans un système virtualisé : application à l'ordonnanceur de marchines virtuelles." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2014. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/11979/1/Mayap_Kamga.pdf.
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Face au coût de la gestion locale des infrastructures informatiques, de nombreuses entreprises ont décidé de la faire gérer par des fournisseurs externes. Ces derniers, connus sous le nom de IaaS (Infrastructure as a Service), mettent des ressources à la disposition des entreprises sous forme de machine virtuelle (VM - Virtual Machine). Ainsi, les entreprises n'utilisent qu'un nombre limité de machines virtuelles capables de satisfaire leur besoin. Ce qui contribue à la réduction des coûts de l'infrastructure informatique des entreprises clientes. Cependant, cette externalisation soulève pour le fournisseur, les problèmes de respect d'accord de niveau de service (SLA - Service Layer Agreement) souscrit par le client et d'optimisation de la consommation énergétique de son infrastructure. Au regard de l'importance que revêt ces deux défis, de nombreux travaux de recherches se sont intéressés à cette problématique. Les solutions de gestion d'énergie proposées consistent à faire varier la vitesse d'exécution des périphériques concernés. Cette variation de vitesse est implémentée, soit de façon native parce que le périphérique dispose des mécaniques intégrés, soit par simulation à travers des regroupements (spatial et temporel) des traitements. Toutefois, cette variation de vitesse permet d'optimiser la consommation énergétique d'un périphérique mais, a pour effet de bord d'impacter le niveau de service des clients. Cette situation entraine une incompatibilité entre les politiques de variation de vitesse pour la baisse d'énergie et le respect de l'accord de niveau de service. Dans cette thèse, nous étudions la conception et l'implantation d'un gestionnaire de ressources "éco énergétique" dans un système virtualisé. Un tel gestionnaire doit permettre un partage équitable des ressources entre les machines virtuelles tout en assurant une utilisation optimale de l'énergie que consomment ces ressources. Nous illustrons notre étude avec un ordonnanceur de machines virtuelles. La politique de variation de vitesse est implantée par le DVFS (Dynamic Voltage Frequency Scaling) et l'allocation de la capacité CPU aux machines virtuelles l'accord de niveau de service à respecter.
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Vastag, Sebastian [Verfasser], Peter [Akademischer Betreuer] Buchholz, and Reinhard [Gutachter] German. "SLA Calculus / Sebastian Vastag. Betreuer: Peter Buchholz. Gutachter: Reinhard German." Dortmund : Universitätsbibliothek Dortmund, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1108289843/34.
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Johansson, Emma. "Extensive Reading and Grammatical Development : A Case Study within SLA." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Sektionen för humaniora (HUM), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-24521.
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This is a case study focusing on the effects of extensive reading. The study mainly deals with grammatical development and the relationship between input and output, but it also discusses learning strategies. The study aimed to answer the following question: To what extent, and in what ways, does extensive reading affect output and grammatical performance? The essay analyses the grammatical performance of a Spanish speaking PhD student in chemistry, whose main exposure to English was scientific literature during the study period. Accuracy tests were used in combination with free writing. The study did not find any direct, unquestionable relationship between extensive reading and grammatical development. Instead it shows the difficulty of separating input and output. However, the study indicates that output may be an effective tool for improving grammatical performance and that some focus on form may be necessary, at least for the grammatical development of adults. Furthermore, the study indicates that teaching may influence grammatical performance and, therefore, the presentation of grammar needs to be carefully considered.
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Diaz, Victoriano Alfonso Phocco. "Detecção de violações de SLA em coreografias de serviços Web." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/45/45134/tde-06082013-234351/.
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Coreografias de serviços Web representam uma forma mais escalável e flexível de compor serviços do que uma abordagem centralizada como a orquestração, e seu papel na integração e comunicação de sistemas de larga escala é vital para os objetivos da SOC (Computação Orientada a Serviços) e da Internet do Futuro. Atualmente coreografias de serviços Web possuem vários desafios de pesquisa, dos quais a qualidade de serviço (QoS) e o monitoramento de coreografias de serviçosWeb são linhas importantes. O objetivo deste trabalho é propor e implementar um mecanismo de monitoramento não intrusivo de coreografias de serviços Web baseado em SLAs (Acordos de Nível de Serviço) que especificam as restrições de atributos de QoS de maneira probabilística. Esta dissertação propõe um mecanismo para coreografias de serviços Web que: (1) define requisitos de QoS; (2) especifica contratos probabilísticos sobre parâmetros de QoS usando SLA; e (3) realiza um monitoramento não intrusivo de coreografias de serviços Web para detectar violações de SLA.Web services choreographies are a more scalable and flexible way to compose services than a centralized approach like orchestrations, and its role in the integration and communication of large-scale systems is vital for the goals of SoC (Service Oriented Computing) and Future Internet. Currently,Web services choreographies have several research challenges. From all challenges, quality of service (QoS) and monitoring of Web services choreography are important research lines. The goal of this work is to propose and implement a mechanism for non-intrusive monitoring of Web services choreography based on SLAs (Service Level Agreements) that define constraints of QoS attributes in a probabilistic way. This thesis proposes a mechanism for Web services choreographies that:(1) defines QoS requirements; (2) specifies probabilistic contracts on QoS parameters using SLAs; and (3) monitors, non-intrusively, the enactment of Web services choreographies to detect SLA violations.
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Lopez-Enriquez, Carlos-Manuel. "HyQoZ - Optimisation de requêtes hybrides basée sur des contrats SLA." Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENM060/document.
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On constate aujourd’hui une explosion de la quantité de données largement distribuées et produites par différents dispositifs (e.g. capteurs, dispositifs informatiques, réseaux, processus d’analyse) à travers de services dits de données. Dans ce contexte, il s’agit d’évaluer des requêtes dites hybrides car ils intègrent des aspects de requêtes classiques, mobiles et continues fournies par des services de données, statiques ou mobiles, en mode push ou pull. L’objectif de ma thèse est de proposer une approche pour l’optimisation de ces requêtes hybrides basée sur des préférences multicritère (i.e. SLA – Service Level Agreement). Le principe consiste à combiner les services de données et calcule pour construire un évaluateur de requêtes adapté au SLA requis par l’utilisateur, tout en considérant les conditions de QoS des services et du réseauToday we are witnesses of the explosion of data producer massively by largely distributed of data produced by different devices (e.g. sensors, personal computers, laptops, networks) by means of data services. In this context, It is about evaluate queries named hybrid because they entails aspects related with classic queries, mobile and continuous provided by static or nomad data services in mode push or pull. The objective of my thesis is to propose an approach to optimize hybrid queries based in multi-criteria preferences (i.e. SLA – Service Level Agreement). The principle is to combine data services to construct a query evaluator adapted to the preferences expressed in the SLA whereas the state of services and network is considered as QoS measures
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Dušan, Okanović. "Model adaptivnog sistema za praćenje i predikciju rada distribuiranih aplikacija." Phd thesis, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Fakultet tehničkih nauka u Novom Sadu, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/NS2012OKANOVICDUSAN.
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Stalno praćenje rada softvera je neophodno da bi se utvrdilo da li softver poštuje zadate nivoe kvaliteta. Na osnovu sakupljenih podataka, moguće je da se predvidi i dalje ponašanje aplikacije i da se izvrši izbor daljih akcija da bi se održao zahtevani nivo. Tema ove disertacije je razvoj sistema za kontinualno praćenje performansi softvera, kao i razvoj modela za predviđanje performansi softvera. Za implementaciju sistema potrebljena je JEE tehnologija, ali je sistem razvijen tako da može da se primeni i za praćenje softvera razvijenog za druge platforme. Sistem je modelovan tako minimalno utiče na performanse sistema softvera koji se prati. Linearna regresija je upotrebljena za modelovanje zavisnosti performansi od okruženja u kom se softver izvršava. Sistem je upotrebljen za praćenje izabrane JEE aplikacije.Continuous monitoring of software is necessary to determine whether the software performs within required service perfomance levels. Based on collected data, it is possible to predict the future performance of applications and to plan further actions in order to maintain the required service levels. The theme of this dissertation is the development of systems for continuous performance monitoring software, as well as the development of models for predicting the performance of software. To implement the system was used JEE technologies, but the system was developed so that it can be used for tracking software developed for other platforms. The system is modeled as a minimum impact on system performance software that is monitored. Linear regression was used for modeling the dependence of the performance environment in which the software is running. The system was used to monitor selected JEE applications.
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Svensson, Mattias. "Superlokala arbetsmarknader (SLA) : En studie av den lokala arbetspendlingen i Sjuhärad." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Kulturgeografiska institutionen, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-167481.
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Nia, Ramadianti Putri Mganga, and Medard Charles. "Enhancing Information Security in Cloud Computing Services using SLA based metrics." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Sektionen för datavetenskap och kommunikation, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-1999.
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Context: Cloud computing is a prospering technology that most organizations are considering for adoption as a cost effective strategy for managing IT. However, organizations also still consider the technology to be associated with many business risks that are not yet resolved. Such issues include security, privacy as well as legal and regulatory risks. As an initiative to address such risks, organizations can develop and implement SLA to establish common expectations and goals between the cloud provider and customer. Organizations can base on the SLA to measure the achievement of the outsourced service. However, many SLAs tend to focus on cloud computing performance whilst neglecting information security issues. Objective: We identify threats and security attributes applicable in cloud computing. We also select a framework suitable for identifying information security metrics. Moreover, we identify SLA based information security metrics in the cloud in line with the COBIT framework. Methods: We conducted a systematic literature review (SLR) to identify studies focusing on information security threats in the cloud computing. We also used SLR to select frameworks available for identification of security metrics. We used Engineering Village and Scopus online citation databases as primary sources of data for SLR. Studies were selected based on the inclusion/exclusion criteria we defined. A suitable framework was selected based on defined framework selection criteria. Based on the selected framework and conceptual review of the COBIT framework we identified SLA based information security metrics in the cloud. Results: Based on the SLR we identified security threats and attributes in the cloud. The Goal Question Metric (GQM) framework was selected as a framework suitable for identification of security metrics. Following the GQM approach and the COBIT framework we identified ten areas that are essential and related with information security in the cloud computing. In addition, covering the ten essential areas we identified 41 SLA based information security metrics that are relevant for measuring and monitoring security performance of cloud computing services. Conclusions: Cloud computing faces similar threats as traditional computing. Depending on the service and deployment model adopted, addressing security risks in the cloud may become a more challenging and complex undertaking. This situation therefore appeals to the cloud providers the need to execute their key responsibilities of creating not only a cost effective but also a secure cloud computing service. In this study, we assist both cloud provider and customers on the security issues that are to be considered for inclusion in their SLA. We have identified 41 SLA based information security metrics to aid both cloud providers and customers obtain common security performance expectations and goals. We anticipate that adoption of these metrics can help cloud providers in enhancing security in the cloud environment. The metrics will also assist cloud customers in evaluating security performance of the cloud for improvements.
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Vernay, Aurelia. "Caractérisation des souris CHMP2Bintron5, un modèle d'étude du continuum SLA-DFT." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAJ116/document.
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La Sclérose Latérale Amyotrophique (SLA) et la Démence Frontotemporale (DFT) sont deux maladies neurodégénératives formant un continuum clinique, génétique et histopathologique. Des mutations dans le gène CHMP2B sont associées à la fois à des cas de SLA et de DFT. Le but de cette thèse a été de caractériser un nouveau modèle de souris transgéniques basé sur l'expression neuronale de la mutation humaine CHMP2Bintron5.Ces souris présentent une faiblesse musculaire progressive et des défauts de coordination motrice. Les motoneurones présentent des altérations au niveau distal. Les souris transgéniques développent des modifications du comportement alimentaire, un désintérêt social et des stéréotypies, tandis que les fonctions mnésiques sont préservées. Nous avons observé une accumulation d'agrégats protéiques dans les neurones ainsi qu'une astrocytose, reflétant le profil histopathologique des patients.Ainsi, l'expression neuronale de CHMP2Bintron5 induit chez les souris des symptômes caractéristiques de la SLA et de la DFT ainsi que l'apparition des marqueurs histopathologiques de ce syndrome. Cette lignée permettra l'étude des mécanismes communs impliqués dans le syndrome SLA-DFTThe neurodegenerative diseases Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) and Frontotemporal Dementia (FTD) form a clinical, genetic and histopathological continuum. Mutations in CHMP2B can cause ALS or DFT. The aim of this study was to characterize a new transgenic mouse model based on the neuronal expression of the human mutation CHMP2Bintron5.The mice develop a progressive muscle weakness and motor coordination defects, associated with a distal alteration of the motoneurons. Moreover, their feeding behavior is altered and they develop social disinterest and stereotypies, while mnesic functions are spared. We observed protein aggregates in neurons and an astrocytosis, mirroring the histopathological profile of patients.The neuronal expression of the mutant CHMP2Bintron5 triggers a motor phenotype associated with dementia symptoms and histopathological hallmarks of ALS and FTD. This transgenic line willallow the study of the common mechanisms implicated in the ALS-FTD syndrom
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Moura, Breno Rodrigues de. "Arquitetura de um controlador de SLA para ambiente de nuvens federadas." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UnB, 2017. http://repositorio.unb.br/handle/10482/24192.
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Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Departamento de Ciência da Computação, 2017.Submitted by Raquel Almeida (raquel.df13@gmail.com) on 2017-06-21T17:42:37Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2017_BrenoRodriguesdeMoura.pdf: 5304325 bytes, checksum: 2cada11cd6d3ff76fb565d00252efd76 (MD5)
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Com o aumento de investimentos no setor da computação em nuvem e a disputa forte por consumidores que utilizem serviços em nuvens, ofertas de serviços surgem cada vez mais acirradas para conquistar o público consumidor deste mercado. E para continuar na disputa desse mercado, alguns provedores de nuvens se unem para formar federações. Esse processo envolve contratos, que visam garantir que esses provedores de serviços cumpram o que estão ofertando. Esses contratos denominados de Acordo de Nível de Serviço (em inglês, Service Level Agreement - SLA), são contratos que identificam as partes envolvidas em um negócio, além de especificar o mínimo de expectativas e limites que existe entre as partes, buscando melhorar a qualidade de serviço e a relação entre cliente e provedor. Assim, para melhor atender usuários de plataformas de nuvens federadas, este trabalho propõe a implementação de um controlador de SLA capaz de gerenciar os acordos de nível de serviço entre as nuvens federadas e os usuários de uma plataforma. Esse controlador deve trabalhar de forma dinâmica, automática, transparente e simples. Para comprovar a eficiência do controlador proposto foi utilizado como estudo de caso a plataforma BioNimbuZ para a implementação deste trabalho.
With increasing investments in the cloud computing industry and the evergrowing batle for market share, cloud service offferings are becoming ever more fierce. In order to continue to dispute this market, some cloud providers have come together to form federations. This process involves contracts, which to ensure that these service providers comply with what they are offering. The contracts signed between the parties involved, the Service Level Agreement (SLA), is an IT service contract that specifies the minimum expectations and obligations that exist between the provider and the customer, aiming to improve the quality of service and the relationship between client and provider. Thus, to better meet the needs of users of federated cloud platforms, this work proposes the implementation of an SLA controller capable of managing service level agreements between federated clouds and users of a platform. This controller should work dynamically, automatically, transparently and simply. In order to prove the efficiency of the propose SLA controller the platform BioNimbuZ was used as a case study for the implementation of this work.
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Pegoraro, Valentina. "MicroRNA e molecole proteiche come biomarcatori dei sottotipi clinici di SLA." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3424376.
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Background: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a rare, progressive, neurodegenerative disorder caused by degeneration of upper and lower motoneuron. The disease process leads to progressive muscle atrophy, weakness, fasciculations and spasticity. About two-thirds of ALS patients have a spinal form of the disease (spinal ALS), which involves the limbs. The spinal ALS has an upper or lower limb onset that starts with weakness and muscle atrophy in hands or feet whereas one-thirds of patients have a bulbar onset (bulbar ALS) usually presenting with dysarthria and dysphagia. The spinal ALS leads to death after 3-5 years from onset while the bulbar ALS die about after 2-3 years from onset. Incidence and prevalence of ALS are higher in men than in women. Male e female gender influences the clinical features of the disease: man have a greater likelihood spinal regions onset whereas women have onset at an older age. The effects of physical exercise and rehabilitation in patients with ALS are still debated: if a patient is inactive, the loss of exercise or muscle training leads to muscle atrophy and disuse that contribute to deterioration in addition to the weakness and muscle atrophy caused by denervation.
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNA molecules (19-24 nucleotides), highly conserved, which regulate genes expression at the post transcriptional level. The up-regulation of a specific miRNA determines decreasing expression of the corresponding protein product.
Aim: The aim of this work is the identification of new molecular and biochemical biomarkers to facilitate the study of the various subtypes of ALS. We will study if they provide information on the onset and severity of disease and they might be used as indicators of a therapeutic response in rehabilitation. We will investigate the levels of both muscle-specific (myomiRNAs) and inflammatory/angiogenic microRNAs and other molecular signatures (Myostatin, Follistatin). MicroRNAs will be analized and compared with morphometric study in muscle biopsies of ALS patient and controls. In serum, we will investigate the difference between spinal and bulbar ALS whereas, in muscle we will analyze the difference between male and female patients and in the effect of different age of onset of the disease on microRNAs.
Methods: In 14 ALS patients (10 spinal and 4 bulbar) we measure the serum levels of muscle-specific miR-1, miR-206, miR-133a/b, miR-27a and the inflammatory miRNAs miR-155, miR-146a, miR-221 and miR-149*, and the expression of Myostatin and Follistatin, which are two antagonist regulator of the muscle growth. Morphometric analysis of muscle fiber size is done to correlate muscle atrophy with biochemical-molecular parameters. In 16 muscles ALS biopsies (9 male and 7 female) we analyze the levels of myomiRNAs and inflammatory miRNAs. The circulating levels of myomiRNAs are analysed also in 12 ALS patients (8 male and 4 female) after rehabilitation treatment of 8 weeks in IRCCS San Camillo (Venice).
Results: In ALS patients the expression of serum miR-206 and miR-133 is significantly (p<0.005) increased and miR-27a is significantly (p<0.005) reduced compared to control, also the miRNA profile is significantly higher between spinal versus bulbar ALS. Myostatin/Follistatin ratio was significantly higher in ALS versus control and are higher in bulbar versus spinal ALS. Bulbar ALS patients present more pronounced muscle atrophy than spinal ALS, as documented by our muscle fiber morphometric analysis. In patients ALS biopsy all miRNAs we measured are strongly up-regulated in ALS patients versus control, with the exception of miR-149*. A strong up-regulation (p<0.0001) of all miRNAs is present in male versus female ALS biopsies and in group of ALS patients with age of onset below 55 versus the group of older patients. In serum after 8 weeks of rehabilitation myomiRNAs result down-regulated indicating an active proliferation of satellite cells in muscle and increased neuromuscular junctions.
Conclusion: Muscle mass regulators are particularly down-expressed in bulbar ALS, suggesting a more rapid and diffuse muscle atrophic process. Similar results were obtained on Myostatin/Follistatin ratio. The differences in this regulators between clinical subgroups of ALS patients, in serum and in muscle, may suggest a possible differential role of miRNAs in the pathogenetic accurance of muscle atrophy in motoneurons disease. Furthermore our data suggest that miRNAs are good indicators of muscle recovery in response to rehabilitation conducted for eight weeks consisting of aerobic exercise.Background: La SLA è una malattia rara, neurodegenerativa che colpisce i motoneuroni del midollo spinale, del tronco e della corteccia motoria. La perdita dei motoneuroni porta ad atrofia muscolare, debolezza muscolare, fascicolazioni e spasticità. Circa due terzi dei pazienti con SLA presentano una forma spinale della malattia che comincia sia dagli arti superiori che inferiori e sintomi associati a stanchezza con atrofia muscolare. Un terzo dei pazienti presentano un esordio bulbare della malattia che si manifesta inizialmente con disartria e disfagia per solidi e liquidi (paralisi bulbare progressiva). Nella maggior parte dei casi la forma spinale porta a decesso dopo 3-5 anni mentre la paralisi bulbare dopo una media di 2-3 anni. L'incidenza della SLA è riportata maggiore negli uomini che nelle donne. Il sesso influenza alcune caratteristiche fenotipiche della malattia tra cui l'età e il sito d'esordio e alcune caratteristiche cliniche. Gli effetti dell'esercizio fisico e della riabilitazione in pazienti affetti da SLA sono ancora dibattuti: se un paziente è inattivo, la perdita di allenamento e il disuso portano all’atrofia muscolare, che si va a sommare alla debolezza e all'atrofia muscolare causata dalla denervazione e dalla degenerazione dei motoneuroni. I microRNA (miRNA) sono piccole molecole di RNA (19-24 nucleotidi) a singolo filamento, non codificanti, altamente conservati nel corso dell'evoluzione che regolano finemente l'espressione genica a livello post-trascrizionale. L’up-regolazione di uno specifico microRNA determina un decremento dell’espressione del prodotto proteico corrispondente. Scopo: L'obiettivo di questo lavoro è l’identificazione di nuovi biomarcatori molecolari e biochimici che facilitino lo studio dei vari sottotipi di SLA, che diano informazioni su insorgenza e gravità di malattia e che possano essere utilizzati come indicatori di risposta in trials clinico-riabilitativi. Abbiamo studiato i livelli di espressione dei miRNA muscolo-specifici e infiammatori/angiogenici e altre molecole proteiche (Miostatina/Follistatina). L’analisi dei miRNA è stata comparata con la morfometria delle fibre muscolari. Nel siero, in particolare, abbiamo indagato le differenze tra pazienti ad esordio spinale e pazienti ad esordio bulbare mentre, nel muscolo, abbiamo analizzato le differenze tra maschi e femmine e tra pazienti con diversa età d'esordio. Metodi: In 14 pazienti SLA (10 spinali e 4 bulbari) abbiamo misurato i livelli sierici dei miRNA muscolo-specifici miR-1, miR-206, miR-133a/b, miR-27a e dei miRNA infiammatori miR-155, miR-146a, miR-221 e miR-149* e l'espressione della Miostatina e della Follistatina, due fattori regolatori antagonisti della crescita muscolare. L'analisi morfometrica delle fibre è stata correlata all'atrofia muscolare misurata con parametri biochimici molecolari. In 16 biopsie muscolari di pazienti SLA (9 maschi e 7 femmine) sono stati analizzati i livelli dei myomiRNA e dei miRNA infiammatori. I livelli circolanti dei myomiRNA sono stati analizzati anche in 12 pazienti SLA (8 maschi e 4 femmine) dopo trattamento riabilitativo di 8 settimane. Risultati: Nei pazienti SLA c'è un incremento significativo (p<0.005) dei livelli sierici del miR-206, miR-133 mentre il miR-27a è significativamente (p<0.005) ridotto confrontato con i controlli e anche tra pazienti spinali e bulbari. Il rapporto Miostatina/Follistatina risulta più alto nei pazienti SLA rispetto ai controlli, simili dati si riscontrano in pazienti SLA ad esordio bulbare rispetto a pazienti con esordio spinale. I pazienti con SLA bulbare presentano un grado più alto di atrofia muscolare rispetto ai pazienti con SLA spinale documentato dall'analisi morfometrica delle fibre. Nelle biopsie muscolari di pazienti SLA tutti i miRNA presi in esame risultano fortemente up-regolati (p<0.0001) nei pazienti rispetto ai controlli ad eccezione del miR-149*. Vi è una up-regolazione significativa (p<0.0001) di tutti i miRNA nei maschi rispetto alle femmine e nei pazienti con una età d'esordio sotto i 55 anni rispetto al gruppo di pazienti più vecchi. Dopo 8 settimane di riabilitazione tutti i myomiRNA risultano down-regolati. Conclusioni: I microRNA e altre molecole proteiche (Miostatina/Follistatina) risultano particolarmente down-regolati nei pazienti con SLA bulbare, suggerendo così il risultato di un processo atrofico muscolare più rapido e diffuso. Le differenze osservate nei sottogruppi di pazienti SLA, nel siero e nelle biopsie muscolari, potrebbero suggerire un possibile ruolo differenziale dei miRNA negli eventi patogenetici della malattia dei motoneuroni. Inoltre i nostri dati suggeriscono che i myomiRNA rappresentano possibili indicatori di recupero muscolare in risposta alla riabilitazione.
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Vindašius, Antanas. "Analysis of Quality of Service in Heterogeneous Wireless Networks." Doctoral thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2010. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2010~D_20101222_183319-78829.
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The dissertation investigates wireless access network performance, ability to control and enforce quality of service (QoS) and track it at user device. The objective of presented research is to investigate wireless access network performance parameter impact on quality of service and develop reference model of QoS monitor, applied for end-user device. In order to reach the objective, the following tasks had to be solved:
- To analyze existing measures of QoS evaluation, actual achieved, perceived QoS monitoring and Service Level Agreement (SLA) enforcement.
- To analyze performance properties of contemporary wireless user access network technologies in order to determine their capabilities providing data services and employing soft and hard QoS mechanisms.
- To analyze network performance characteristics in order to determine factors, influencing quality of service in wireless access networks.
- To design principles of evaluation of actually achieved quality of service.
- To develop a reference model of QoS requirement composition and monitoring system.
- To develop and experimentally test QoS monitor for web browsing service.
First chapter of the dissertation reviews QoS definitions, categories, existing methods of QoS evaluation and formulates the problem of QoS and service level agreement enforcement measures.
Second chapter presents analysis of various access networks applicable to data and voice services. The analysis is focused on available bit rate, referred to... [to full text]Disertacijoje nagrinėjama belaidės prieigos tinklų savybės, gebėjimas kontroliuoti ir užtikrinti paslaugos kokybę (QoS) bei stebėti ją vartotojų įrenginiuose. Darbo tikslas – ištirti belaidės prieigos tinklų darbo parametrų įtaką paslaugos kokybei ir sukurti apibendrintą paslaugos kokybės stebėsenos priemonių, taikomų galutinio vartotojo įrenginyje, modelį. Šiam tikslui pasiekti, sprendžiami tokie uždaviniai: - Išanalizuoti esamas paslaugos kokybės vertinimo, realiai patirtos ir suvokiamos kokybės stebėsenos bei paslaugų lygmens susitarimų (SLA) užtikrinimo priemones. - Išanalizuoti dabartinių belaidžių vartotojo prieigos technologijų savybes teikiant duomenų perdavimo paslaugas ir taikant griežtus bei švelnius paslaugos kokybės užtikrinimo mechanizmus. - Išanalizuoti belaidžių prieigos tinklų charakteristikas siekiant nustatyti faktorius, įtakojančius paslaugos kokybę belaidžiuose prieigos tinkluose. - Suformuluoti realiai pasiektos paslaugos kokybės vertinimo principus. - Sukurti apibendrintą paslaugos kokybės reikalavimų sudarymo ir stebėsenos sistemos vartotojo įrenginyje modelį. - Sukurti ir eksperimentiškai įvertinti paslaugos kokybės stebėsenos sistemą interneto naršymo paslaugai. Pirmajame disertacijos skyriuje pateikiama žinomų paslaugos kokybės vertinimo ir valdymo procesų apžvalga, koncentruojantis į vartotojo perspektyvą ir galimybes įvertinti realiai gaunamą ir vartotojo suvokiamą paslaugų kokybę. Antrajame skyriuje pateikiama paplitusių belaidės prieigos tinklų... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]
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Vindašius, Antanas. "Paslaugų kokybės heterogeniniuose bevieliuose tinkluose tyrimai." Doctoral thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2010. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2010~D_20101222_183328-54811.
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Disertacijoje nagrinėjama belaidės prieigos tinklų savybės, gebėjimas kontroliuoti ir užtikrinti paslaugos kokybę (QoS) bei stebėti ją vartotojų įrenginiuose. Darbo tikslas – ištirti belaidės prieigos tinklų darbo parametrų įtaką paslaugos kokybei ir sukurti apibendrintą paslaugos kokybės stebėsenos priemonių, taikomų galutinio vartotojo įrenginyje, modelį.The dissertation investigates wireless access network performance, ability to control and enforce quality of service (QoS) and track it at user device. The objective of presented research is to investigate wireless access network performance parameter impact on quality of service and develop reference model of QoS monitor, applied for end-user device.
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Kiraz, Meryem. "A Construction Grammar Approach to How Turkish Learners of English Use Auxiliary Verbs in Terms of Tense, Aspect and Voice." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1279589745.
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Havelka, Ondřej. "Informační systém pro Helpdesk." Master's thesis, Česká zemědělská univerzita v Praze, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-257358.
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The goal of this thesis is to design and implement information system for Help Desk purposes. In the first part there are specifications of theoretical bases, standard procedures and contracts concerning Help Desk operation and also summary of advantages and requirements of such system. Second part contains description of parameters and processes using the BORM method. In the practical part is the implementaion of the designed system on the platform Microsoft Sharepoint 2010. The analytical part contains description of requirements to use this platform and description of functions which are used during the implementation. Final part contains description of the implementation itself. It is based on the parametrs and processes designed in the theoretical part and uses the Sharepoint functions described in the analytical part.
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Winkler, Matthias. "Managing Service Dependencies in Service Compositions." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2010. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-63202.
Full textAbstract:
In the Internet of Services (IoS) providers and consumers of services engage in business interactions on service marketplaces. Provisioning and consumption of services are regulated by service level agreements (SLA), which are negotiated between providers and consumers. Trading composite services requires the providers to manage the SLAs that are negotiated with the providers of atomic services and the consumers of the composition. The management of SLAs involves the negotiation and renegotiation of SLAs as well as their monitoring during service provisioning. The complexity of this task arises due to the fact that dependencies exist between the different services in a composition. Dependencies between services occur because the complex task of a composition is distributed between atomic services. Thus, the successful provisioning of the composite service depends on its atomic building blocks. At the same time, atomic services depend on other atomic services, e.g. because of data or resource requirements, or time relationships. These dependencies need to be considered for the management of composite service SLAs.
This thesis aims at developing a management approach for dependencies between services in service compositions to support SLA management. Information about service dependencies is not explicitly available. Instead it is implicitly contained in the workflow description of a composite service, the negotiated SLAs of the composite service, and as application domain knowledge of experts, which makes the handling of this information more complex. Thus, the dependency management approach needs to capture this dependency information in an explicit way. The dependency information is then used to support SLA management in three ways. First of all dependency information is used during SLA negotiation the to ensure that the different SLAs enable the successful collaboration of the services to achieve the composite service goal. Secondly, during SLA renegotiation dependency information is used to determine which effects the renegotiation has on other SLAs. Finally, dependency information is used during SLA monitoring to determine the effects of detected violations on other services.
Based on a literature study and two use cases from the logistics and healthcare domains different types of dependencies were analyzed and classified. The results from this analysis were used as a basis for the development of an approach to analyze and represent dependency information according to the different dependency properties. Furthermore, a lifecycle and architecture for managing dependency information was developed. In an iterative approach the different artifacts were implemented, tested based on two use cases, and refined according to the test results Finally, the prototype was evaluated with regard to detailed test cases and performance measurements were executed.
The resulting dependency management approach has four main contributions. Firstly, it represents a holistic approach for managing service dependencies with regard to composite SLA management. It extends existing work by supporting the handling of dependencies between atomic services as well as atomic and composite services at design time and during service provisioning. Secondly, a semi-automatic approach to capturing dependency information is provided. It helps to achieve a higher degree of automation as compared to other approaches. Thirdly, a metamodel for representing dependency information for SLA management is shown. Dependency information is kept separately from SLA information to achieve a better separation of concerns. This facilitates the utilization of the dependency management functionality with different SLA management approaches. Fourthly, a dependency management architecture is presented. The design of the architecture ensures that the components can be integrated with different SLA management approaches. The test case based evaluation of the dependency management approach showed its feasibility and correct functioning in two different application domains. Furthermore, the performance evaluation showed that the automated dependency management tasks are executed within the range of milliseconds for both use cases.
The dependency management approach is suited to support the different SLA management tasks. It supports the work of composite service providers by facilitating the SLA management of complex service compositions.
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Röhling, Stefan. "Osseointegration von Zirkoniumdioxidimplantaten mit mikrorauer Oberflächentopografie im Vergleich zu Titan-SLA Implantaten." Diss., Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 2013. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-157420.
Full textAbstract:
Ziel der Studie war die Untersuchung des osseointegrativen Verhaltens von zylindrischen Zirkoniumdioxidimplantaten mit einer speziellen mikrorauen Oberfläche im Vergleich zu geometrisch identischen Ti-SLA Implantaten. Dazu wurden klinische, biomechanische und histologische bzw. histomorphometrische Untersuchungen am Miniaturschwein durchgeführt.
Nach Extraktion der Zähne 2 und 3 im Oberkiefer mit anschließender 6 monatiger Heilungsphase wurden 16 Miniaturschweinen insgesamt 96 Implantate implantiert. Jedes Tier erhielt 6 Implantate (3x ZrO2, 3x Ti-SLA). Nach 4, 8 und 12 Wochen Ein- heilphase erfolgte die Euthanasie der Tiere. Insgesamt konnten 59 Implantate den biomechanischen Ausdrehversuchen zugeführt und 28 Implantate histologisch bzw. histomorphometrisch untersucht werden.
Bei beiden Materialien zeigten sich peri-implantäre Infektionen und nach 4 bzw. 8 Wochen konnten bei den Ti-SLA Implantaten signifikant mehr krestale Knochenre- sorptionen nachgewiesen werden.
Die mittleren Ausdrehwerte für ZrO2 betrugen 42,4 Ncm nach 4 Wochen, 69,6 Ncm nach 8 Wochen und 69,3 Ncm nach 12 Wochen. Für Ti-SLA konnten zu den gleichen Untersuchungszeitpunkten jeweils Werte von 42,1 Ncm, 75,0 Ncm und 73,1 Ncm gemessen werden. Die biomechanischen Messungen ergaben zu keinem Zeitpunkt statistisch signifikante Unterschiede zwischen beiden Materialien.
Histologisch konnte an beide Materialien eine direkte Knochenanlagerung an die Im- plantatoberflächen beobachtet werden. Die Zirkoniumdioxidimplantate zeigten Bone Implant Contact-Werte von 27,1% nach 4 Wochen, 51,9% nach 8 Wochen und 51,1% nach 12 Wochen. Im Vergleich dazu betrugen die Werte der Titanimplantate 23,5%, 53,3% und 58,8%. Bezüglich der Bone Density variierten die Werte für ZrO2 zwischen 42,3%, 52,6% und 54,6% und für Ti-SLA zwischen 29,0%, 44,1% und 51,6%. Die histomorphometrischen Messungen ließen zu keinem der Untersu- chungszeitpunkte statistisch signifikante Unterschiede zwischen beiden Materialien erkennen.
Die Ergebnisse dieser Untersuchung führten zu der Erkenntnis, dass ZrO2-Implantate mit mikrorauer Oberfläche zumindest eine vergleichbare osseointegrative Kapazität besitzen wie Ti-SLA-Implantate.