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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Skinned fibres

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Academic literature on the topic 'Skinned fibres'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 14 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Skinned fibres"

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Galler, S., C. Hutzler, and T. Haller. "Effects of taurine on Ca2(+)-dependent force development of skinned muscle fibre preparations." Journal of Experimental Biology 152, no. 1 (September 1, 1990): 255–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.152.1.255.

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The effects of the naturally occurring amino acid taurine (2-aminoethanesulphonic acid) on isometric force development were investigated using skinned muscle fibre preparations. In atrial and ventricular pig heart muscles, as well as in fibres of slow abdominal extensor muscle of crayfish, an increase of submaximal isometric force was observed in Ca2(+)-activated skinned fibre preparations at physiological concentrations of taurine. The maximal isometric force remained unaffected in all preparations. It is assumed that taurine increases the Ca2+ sensitivity of the force-generating myofilaments in mammalian hearts and crustacean slow skeletal muscle fibres.

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Stienen, G. J. M. "Chronicle of skinned muscle fibres." Journal of Physiology 527, no. 1 (August 2000): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7793.2000.t01-2-00001.x.

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Eddinger, Thomas J., Richard L. Moss, and Robert G. Cassens. "Myosin-ATPase fibre typing of chemically skinned muscle fibres." Histochemical Journal 17, no. 9 (September 1985): 1021–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01417950.

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CURTIN, N. A., and R. C. WOLEDGE. "Power Output and Force-Velocity Relationship of Live Fibres from White Myotomal Muscle of the Dogfish, Scyliorhinus Canicula." Journal of Experimental Biology 140, no. 1 (November 1, 1988): 187–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.140.1.187.

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The relationship between force and velocity of shortening and between power and velocity were examined for myotomal muscle fibre bundles from the dogfish. The maximum velocity of shortening, mean value 4.8 ± 0.2 μms−1 half sarcomere−1 (±S.E.M., N = 13), was determined by the ‘slack step’ method (Edman, 1979) and was found to be independent of fish length. The force-velocity relationship was hyperbolic, except at the high-force end where the observations were below the hyperbola fitted to the rest of the data. The maximum power output was 91 ± 14 W kg−1 wet mass (±S.E.M., N = 7) at a velocity of shortening of 1.3 ± 0.13μms−1 halfsarcomere−1 (±S.E.M., N = 7). This power output is considerably higher than that previously reported for skinned fibres (Bone et al. 1986). Correspondingly the force-velocity relationship is less curved for intact fibres than for skinned fibres. The maximum swimming speed (normalized for fish length) predicted from the observed power output of the muscle fibres decreased with increasing fish size; it ranged from 12.9 to 7.8 fish lengths s−1 for fish 0155–0.645m in length.

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ALTRINGHAM, J. D., and I. A. JOHNSTON. "Energy Cost of Contraction in Fast and Slow Muscle Fibres Isolated from an Elasmobranch and an Antarctic Teleost Fish." Journal of Experimental Biology 121, no. 1 (March 1, 1986): 239–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.121.1.239.

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1. Single fast and small bundles of slow fibres were isolated from the muscles of an elasmobranch (dogfish, Scyliorhinus canicula) and an Antarctic teleost (Notothenia neglecta). A third fibre type present in the dogfish (superficial fibre) was also isolated. Fibres were chemically skinned with a non-ionic detergent. 2. Tension generation and ATPase activity were measured during isometric activations. ATPase activity was estimated by measuring the release of ADP into the experimental solutions using high performance liquid chromatography. 3. In the dogfish fibre types, both tension and ATPase activity increased in the order superficial < slow < fast, even after corrections were made for differences in myofibrillar density. The economy of isometric contraction (tension/ATPase activity) was 50–60% higher in the slow and superficial fibres than in the fast. 4. In the Antarctic species, both tension and ATPase activity of the fast fibres were higher than those of the slow fibres, and the slow fibres were 30% more economical than fast fibres. After correction for differences in myofibrillar density, tensions were very similar. 5. The results are discussed with reference to the energy supply, recruitment pattern and function of the various fibre types.

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Jaspers, R. T., H. Degens, P. A. Huijing, and W. J. van der Laarse. "Specific tension of intact and skinned muscle fibres." Journal of Biomechanics 39 (January 2006): S56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9290(06)83105-2.

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FOUCAULT, Georges, Monique VACHER, Tatyana MERKULOVA, Angelica KELLER, and Martine ARRIO-DUPONT. "Presence of enolase in the M-band of skeletal muscle and possible indirect interaction with the cytosolic muscle isoform of creatine kinase." Biochemical Journal 338, no. 1 (February 8, 1999): 115–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj3380115.

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Glycerol-skinned skeletal muscle fibres retain the defined sarcomeric structure of the myofibrils. We show here that a small fraction of two enzymes important for energy metabolism, the cytosolic muscle isoform of creatine kinase (EC 2.7.3.2), MM-creatine kinase (MM-CK), and enolase (EC 4.2.1.11), remains bound to skinned fibres. CK is slowly exchangeable, whereas enolase is firmly bound. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis followed by Western blot analyses demonstrates that both α (ubiquitous) and β (muscle-specific) subunits of enolase are present in these preparations. Enolase and CK were co-localized at the M-band of the sarcomeres, as observed by indirect immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy. Cross-linking experiments were performed on skinned fibres with three bifunctional succinimidyl esters of different lengths and yielded a protein complex of 150 kDa that reacted with antibodies directed against either M-CK or β-enolase. The cross-linking efficiency was greatest for the longest reagent and zero for the shortest one. The length of the cross-linker giving a covalent complex between the two enzymes does not support the notion of a direct interaction between M-CK and enolase. This is the first demonstration of the presence of an enzyme of energy metabolism other than CK at the M-band of myofibres.

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De Beer, Evert L., Heather Finkle, Emile E. Voest, Bas G. V. Van Heijst, and Piet Schiereck. "Doxorubicin interacts directly with skinned single skeletal muscle fibres." European Journal of Pharmacology 214, no. 1 (April 1992): 97–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0014-2999(92)90103-b.

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Yates, L. D., R. L. Coby, Z. Luo, and A. M. Gordon. "Filament overlap affects TnC extraction from skinned muscle fibres." Journal of Muscle Research and Cell Motility 14, no. 4 (August 1993): 392–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00121290.

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Rees, B. B., and D. G. Stephenson. "Thermal dependence of maximum Ca2+-activated force in skinned muscle fibres of the toad Bufo marinus acclimated at different temperatures." Journal of Experimental Biology 129, no. 1 (May 1, 1987): 309–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.129.1.309.

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Mechanically skinned muscle fibres from the twitch region of the iliofibularis muscle of cool- (16 +/− 1 degree C) and warm- (32 +/− 1 degree C) acclimated cane toads (Bufo marinus) were activated maximally by Ca2+ in solutions of different pH and at different temperatures (approx. 1–35 degrees C). Acclimation of up to 12 weeks at 16 degrees C and up to 8 weeks at 32 degrees C did not modify the marked thermal dependence of isometric force in the skeletal muscle fibres of the cane toad. The prominent decline of maximum Ca2+-activated force at lower temperatures, a property which is not characteristic of muscles from other anurans, was associated with an obvious decline in fibre stiffness at temperatures below about 20 degrees C, regardless of the temperatures at which the toads were kept prior to experimentation. The results suggest that the decline of isometric force at lower temperatures is due both to a reduction in the number of cross-bridges and to a decrease in the force output per cross-bridge. The maximum Ca2+-activated force response increased when fibres were activated in solutions of increasing pH at all temperatures investigated. This trend is expected to have a compensatory effect on the thermal dependence of the maximum Ca2+-activated force under physiological conditions, because of the elevation of intracellular pH as temperature declines. The isometric force did not depend on the concentration of the zwitterionic species of the pH buffer in solutions. The skinned fibre preparation developed a Ca2+-insensitive residual force following maximal activation. The increment in residual force followed a linear relationship with the duration of activation at a given temperature and a power relationship of activation temperature for a given duration of activation. Fibres from warm-acclimated animals developed less residual force following activations at 15 degrees C than did fibres from cool-acclimated animals, suggesting that thermal acclimation may substantially reduce the magnitude of this phenomenon at temperatures below 20 degrees C.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Skinned fibres"

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Gilliver, Sally Frances. "The determinants of power in isolated skinned muscle fibres." Thesis, Manchester Metropolitan University, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.523112.

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Fortune, Neil Stuart. "The effect of hydrostatic pressure on skinned muscle fibres." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.292457.

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Mulligan, Ian Patrick. "Mechanical studies on skinned muscle fibres using caged ATP and caged calcium." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.258249.

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Governali, Serena. "Action mechanisms of physiological and pharmacological inotropic interventions on the slow/cardiac striated muscle." Doctoral thesis, Università di Siena, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11365/1107309.

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ACTION MECHANISMS OF PHYSIOLOGICAL AND PHARMACOLOGICAL INOTROPIC INTERVENTIONS ON THE SLOW/CARDIAC STRIATED MUSCLE. The mechanical performance of striated muscle is under the control of both thin and thick filament regulation. The start signal is the increase of intracellular Ca2+ concentration, promoted by cell membrane depolarization by the action potential, followed by Ca2+ binding to troponin in the thin filament and structural changes in the troponin–tropomyosin complex that release the actin sites for binding of myosin motors. The second regulatory mechanism, based on thick filament mechano-sensing, recruits myosin motors from their OFF state, in which they lie along the surface of the thick filament folded toward its centre, unable to bind actin and hydrolyze ATP. In cardiac myocytes it has been demonstrated that inotropic interventions potentiate the mechanical output by mechanisms that imply increase in Ca2+ sensitivity of the thin filament but also mobilisation of myosin heads from their OFF state. During my doctorate I investigated the molecular mechanisms responsible for the regulation of the performance of the heart by defining how physiological and pharmacological inotropic interventions modulate the thick filament regulatory mechanisms and its interaction with the thin filament and the mechanokinetic properties of the slow/cardiac myosin motor. In the first part of my PhD research activity , combined mechanical and X-ray diffraction experiments on electrically paced intact trabeculae of rat heart (frequency 0.5 Hz, temperature 27°C) were used to investigate the effect on the thick filament regulatory state of physiological interventions able to potentiate up to twofold the peak of the twitch force in physiological solution with 1 mM Ca2+, such as increase in sarcomere length (SL) from 1.95 to 2.22 μm and addition of the β-adrenergic effector isoprenaline (10-7 M) to the bathing solution. The results show that, in diastole, none of the diffraction signals attributed to the OFF state of the thick filament were significantly affected by either increase in SL or phosphorylation of myofilament proteins, suggesting that the control of thick filament activation is downstream from the Ca2+-dependent thin filament activation, solidifying the idea that in the intact myocyte myosin motors are switched ON only during systole by an energetically well-suited downstream mechanism as thick filament mechano-sensing (Caremani et al., J. Gen. Physiol. 151:53,2019). In the second part of my PhD, the action mechanism of the inotropic agent Omecamtiv Mecarbil (OM) was studied by combining fast-sarcomere level mechanics and ATPase measurements in Ca2+-demembranated fibres from rabbit soleus (SL 2.4 μm, temperature 12°C), which express the β/slow myosin heavy chain isoform. OM is a cardiac myosin activator in phase three clinical trial as a potential treatment for systolic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. The results show that, at any [Ca2+], OM depresses the force per motor, by preventing the OM-bound motors to complete the force-generating working stroke, but at low [Ca2+] it increases the sarcomere force by increasing the number of attached motors. Increase in the concentration of inorganic phosphate (Pi) in the physiological range (1-10 mM) causes a partial recovery of the force per myosin motor, suggesting that an allosteric competition between OM and Pi allows the no force-generating motors that release OM to re-enter the force-generating cycle (Governali et al., submitted to Nat Commun). This mechanism could underpin an energetically efficient reduction of systolic tension cost in OM-treated patients under exercise, when [Pi] increases with heart-beat frequency.

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Hill, Michelle Denise. "Damage resistance and tolerance investigation of carbon/epoxy skinned honeycomb sandwich panels." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2007. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/10072.

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This thesis documents the findings of a three year experimental investigation into the impact damage resistance and damage tolerance of composite honeycomb sandwich panels. The primary area of work focuses on the performance of sandwich panels under quasi-static and low-velocity impact loading with hemispherical and flat-ended indenters. The damage resistance is characterised in terms of damage mechanisms and energy absorption. The effects of varying the skin and core materials, skin thickness, core density, panel boundary conditions and indenter shape on the transverse strength and energy absorption of a sandwich panel have been examined. Damage mechanisms are found to include delamination of the impacted skin, core crushing, limited skin-core de bonding and top skin fibre fracture at high loads. In terms of panel construction the skin thickness is found to dominate the panel strength and energy absorption with core density having a lesser influence. Of the external factors considered the indenter noseshape has the largest effect on both failure load and associated damage area. An overview of existing analytical prediction methods is also included and the most significant theories applied and compared with the experimental results from this study. The secondary area of work expands the understanding obtained from the damage resistance study and assesses the ability of a sandwich panel to withstand in-plane compressive loading after sustaining low-velocity impact damage. The importance of the core material is investigated by comparing the compression-after-impact strength of both monolithic carbon-fibre laminates and sandwich panels with either an aluminium or nomex honeycomb core. The in-plane compressive strength of an 8 ply skinned honeycomb sandwich panel is found to be double that of a 16 ply monolithic laminate, with the type of honeycomb also influencing the compressive failure mechanisms and residual compressive strength. It is concluded that under in-plane loading the stabilising effect of the core opposes the de-stabilising effect of any impact damage.

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Dweck, David. "Challenging Current Paradigms Related to Cardiomyopathies: Are Changes in the Calcium Sensitivity of Myofilaments Containing Mutations Good Predictors of the Phenotypic Outcomes?" Scholarly Repository, 2008. http://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/oa_dissertations/313.

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Three novel mutations (G159D, L29Q and E59D/D75Y) in cardiac troponin C (CTnC) associate their clinical outcomes with a given cardiomyopathy. Current paradigms propose that sarcomeric mutations associated with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) decrease the myofilament calcium sensitivity while those associated with hypertrophic (HCM) cardiomyopathy increase it. Therefore, we incorporated the mutant CTnCs into skinned cardiac muscle in order to determine if their effects on the calcium regulation of tension and ATPase activity coincide with the current paradigms and phenotypic outcomes. This required the development of new calculator programs to solve complex ionic equilibria to more accurately buffer and expand the free calcium range of our test solutions. In accordance with the DCM paradigms, our result show that G159D and E59D/D75Y CTnC decrease the myofilament calcium sensitivity and force generating capabilities which would likely increase the rate of muscle relaxation and weaken the contractile force of the myocardium. Alternatively, the lack of myofilament change from L29Q CTnC (associated with HCM) may explain why the only proband is seemingly unaffected. Notably, the changes in the calcium sensitivity of tension (in fibers) do not necessarily occur in the isolated CTnC and vice versa. These counter-intuitive findings are justified through a transition in calcium affinity occurring at the level of cardiac troponin (CTn) and higher, implying that the true effects of these mutations become apparent as the hierarchal level of the myofilament increases. Despite these limitations, the regulated thin filament (RTF) retains its role as the calcium regulatory unit and best indicates a mutation's ability to sensitize (+) or desensitize (-) the muscle to calcium. Since multiple forms of cardiomyopathies exist, the identification of new drugs that sensitize (+) or desensitize (-) the calcium sensitivity could potentially reverse (+ or -) these aberrant changes in myofilament sensitivity. Therefore, we have developed an RTF mediated High Throughput Screening assay to identify compounds in libraries of molecules that can specifically modulate the calcium sensitivity of cardiac contraction. The knowledge gained from these studies will help us and others to uncover new pharmacological agents for the investigation and treatments of cardiomyopathies, hypertension and other forms of cardiovascular diseases.

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Goodman, Craig. "Factors affecting the excitability of skinned fibres of the rat." Thesis, 2003. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/15598/.

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During the last decade, the rat mechanically skinned fibre preparation has been used with increasing frequency to investigate cellular aspects of excitation-contraction (EC) coupling processes in mammalian skeletal muscle. The main aim of this thesis was to increase awareness of factors that affect the contractile responsiveness of rat mechanically skinned fibre preparations to T-system depolarization, a functional parameter of E-C coupling referred to, sometimes, as skinned fibre excitability. More specifically, the work presented in this thesis is concerned with the relationship between rat skinned fibre excitability and (i) developmental age, (ii) MHC composition, muscle of origin and (iii) glycogen content.

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Virani, Shahnawaz Amirali. "Troponin C regulation of length-dependent calcium-sensitivity in rabbit skinned psoas muscle fibre segments." Thesis, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/3863.

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The involvement of troponin C (TnC) in regulating the length dependence of calcium sensitivity was studied in rabbit skinned psoas muscle fibre segments. Force-pCa curves were acquired from these isolated segments at resting sarcomere lengths (2.4 µm) and at lengths (3.0 µm) longer than the plateau of the tension-length relationship. Partial extraction of endogenous TnC from fibre segments was performed by bathing the fibre in a solution consisting of 20 mM imidazole and 5 mM ethylenediaminetetraacetate at pH 7.85, while a more complete removal of TnC was facilitated by the addition of 1 mM trifluoperazine to the extraction medium. Treated fibres were then reconstituted with either native rabbit skeletal TnC or a mutant TnC in which the amino acid residue at position 130 of the protein's high-affinity domain was replaced with serine (I130S), glycine (I130G) or recombinant isoleucine (1130). These TnC mutants have been shown previously to possess destabilized alpha-helices in the protein's carboxy-terminal domain resulting in altered ion-affinities of the associated Ca²⁺/Mg²⁺ binding sites (Trigo-Gonzalez et al, 1993). Protein removal and replacement were assayed by examining changes in the fibre's ability to generate contractile force and subsequently confirmed by silver stained sodium dodecylsulfate polyacrylamide gels of fibre segments. Following fibre reconstitution, force-pCa relations were measured again at both resting and long sarcomere lengths. Results from this study indicate that myofilament calcium sensitivity is neither affected by the method of endogenous TnC extraction nor by mutations to this region of TnC's high-affinity domain.

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Book chapters on the topic "Skinned fibres"

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Holubarsch, Christian J. F. "Skinned Cardiac Fibres." In Mechanics and Energetics of the Myocardium, 71–115. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0879-3_5.

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Yu, Leepo C., and Richard J. Podolsky. "Equatorial X-ray Diffraction Studies of Single Skinned Muscle Fibres." In Molecular Mechanisms in Muscular Contraction, 265–86. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-09814-9_9.

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Rüegg, J. Caspar, Claudia Zeugner, Jennifer E. van Eyk, Robert S. Hodges, and Ian P. Trayer. "Myosin and Troponin Peptides Affect Calcium Sensitivity of Skinned Muscle Fibres." In Peptides as Probes in Muscle Research, 95–109. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-76409-7_10.

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Paul, Richard J., John D. Strauss, and Primal de Lanerolle. "Peptides as Probes of the Mechanisms Regulating Smooth Muscle Contractility: Studies on Skinned Fibres." In Peptides as Probes in Muscle Research, 111–17. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-76409-7_11.

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de Lanerolle, Primal, John D. Strauss, and Richard J. Paul. "Antibodies as Probes of the Mechanisms Regulating Smooth Muscle Contractility: Studies on Skinned Fibres." In Peptides as Probes in Muscle Research, 119–29. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-76409-7_12.

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Rüegg, J. C., J. D. Strauss, C. Zeugner, and I. Trayer. "Effect of Myosin Heavy Chain Peptides on Contractile Activation of Skinned Cardiac Muscle Fibres." In Mechanism of Myofilament Sliding in Muscle Contraction, 173–81. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2872-2_16.

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Espenan, J. M., and P. Aptel. "Outer Skinned Hollow-Fibers-Spinning and Properties." In Membranes and Membrane Processes, 151–61. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-2019-5_16.

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Donaldson, Sue K. Bolitho, Robert Dunn, and Daniel A. Huetteman. "Mechanisms of Calcium Release in Skinned Mammalian Skeletal Muscle Fibers." In Calcium in Biological Systems, 331–37. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-2377-8_37.

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Jaimovich, Enrique, Cecilia Rojas, and Eduardo Rojas. "Calcium Release in Skinned Muscle Fibers: Effect of Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate." In Transduction in Biological Systems, 439–48. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-5736-0_30.

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Luo, Ye, Jonathan P. Davis, Svetlana B. Tikunova, Lawrence B. Smillie, and Jack A. Rall. "Myofibrillar Determinants of Rate of Relaxation in Skinned Skeletal Muscle Fibers." In Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 573–82. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-9029-7_51.

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Conference papers on the topic "Skinned fibres"

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Joy, Nivin, M. Sangeetha, S. Sivasaravanan, Samrat Sarkar, and Arul Christan. "Investigation of PEEK skinned with aramid fiber." In 3RD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON FRONTIERS IN AUTOMOBILE AND MECHANICAL ENGINEERING (FAME 2020). AIP Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0034442.

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Wong, Brian Stephen, and Cheng Guan Tui. "Evaluation of Delaminations in Aluminium Honeycomb Structures Using the Mechanical Impedance Technique." In ASME 1997 Turbo Asia Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/97-aa-069.

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This paper describes an evaluation of the capability of a mechanical impedance instrument, for detecting delamination defects in aluminium honeycomb structures. The resonant frequency was found to decrease as the centre of a defect was approached. The defects have been found to be accurately represented by a model for a vibrating plate, which is rigidly clamped at its edges. It was also possible to use resonant frequency to determine the size of the defects in the specimens used in this paper. An irregularly shaped defect showed that the rate of drop in resonant frequency across an extremity of the defect was affected by the radius at the extremity and the proximity to the main central area of the defect. An important result was that an ellipsoidal shaped defect would be sized as a circular defect of diameter equal to the minor diameter of the ellipse. Also a boron skinned honeycomb was found to behave similarly to a glass fibre skinned honeycomb.

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Falzon, Brian, and Grant Steven. "Postbuckling behaviour of hat-stiffened thin-skinned carbon-fibre composite panels." In 36th Structures, Structural Dynamics and Materials Conference. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.1995-1458.

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Iannucci, Steven, and Suyi Li. "Pneumatic Extension Actuators With Kirigami Skins." In ASME 2020 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2020-2219.

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Abstract Soft pneumatic actuators have found many applications in robotics and adaptive structures. Traditionally, these actuators are constructed by wrapping layers of reinforcing helical fibers around an elastomeric tube. This approach is versatile and robust, but it suffers from a critical disadvantage: cumbersome fabrication procedures. Wrapping long helical filaments around a cylindrical tube requires expensive equipment or excessive manual labor. To address this issue, we propose a new approach towards designing and constructing pneumatic actuators by exploiting the principle of kirigami, the ancient art of paper cutting. More specifically, we use “kirigami skins” — plastic sleeves with carefully arranged slit cuts — to replace the reinforcing helical fibers. This paper presents an initial investigation on a set of linear extension actuators featuring kirigami skins with a uniform array of cross-shaped, orthogonal cuts. When under internal pressurization, the rectangular-shaped facets defined by these cuts can rotate and induce the desired extension motion. Through extensive experiments, we analyze the elastic and plastic deformations of these kirigami skins alone under tension. The results show strongly nonlinear behaviors involving both in-plane facet rotation the out-of-plane buckling. Such a deformation pattern offers valuable insights into the actuator’s performance under pressure. Moreover, both the deformation characteristics and actuation performance are “programmable” by tailoring the cut geometry. This study lays down the foundation for constructing more capable Kirigami-skinned soft actuators that can achieve sophisticated motions.

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Gellerich, Frank N., Tobias Mueller, Shoko Nioka, Katrin Hertel, Wilhelm J. Schulte-Mattler, Stephan Zierz, and Britton Chance. "NIR spectroscopic investigation of m. vastus lateralis in patients with mitochondrial myopathies as detected by respirometric investigation of mitochondrial function in skinned fibers." In BiOS Europe '97, edited by David A. Benaron, Britton Chance, and Marco Ferrari. SPIE, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.301043.

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