Academic literature on the topic 'Skink'

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Journal articles on the topic "Skink"

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GEMEL, RICHARD, and VLADISLAV VERGILOV. "Nomenclatural-taxonomic notes on the genus Ablepharus Fitzinger, 1824 (Squamata: Scincidae)." Zootaxa 4858, no. 3 (October 1, 2020): 448–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4858.3.11.

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The two following notes concern two species of small skinks, genus Ablepharus: Lindberg’s Twin-striped Skink (Ablepharus lindbergi) and the Snake-eyed Skink (Ablepharus kitaibelii). Both species are small fossorial/semi-fossorial skinks with fused eyelids and a hidden lifestyle. A. kitaibelii is distributed disjunctly in several subspecies in Central and Southeastern Europe as well as in Western Turkey, A. lindbergi is distributed in Western Afghanistan (Uetz et al. 2020).
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Humphrey, Jacinta E., Kylie A. Robert, and Steve W. J. Leonard. "Elliott traps found to be ineffective for the survey of swamp skink (Lissolepis coventryi): a cautionary tale of outdated survey guidelines." Wildlife Research 44, no. 7 (2017): 514. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr17012.

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Context Cryptic (i.e. secretive, elusive or well camouflaged) species are often very challenging to accurately survey. Because many cryptic species are threatened, the development of robust and efficient survey methods to detect them is critically important for conservation management. The swamp skink (Lissolepis coventryi) is an example of an elusive and threatened species; it inhabits densely vegetated, wet environments throughout south-east Australia. The swamp skink occurs in peri-urban areas and faces many human-induced threats including habitat loss, introduced predators and environmental pollution. Effective and reliable survey methods are therefore essential for its conservation. Aims This study aimed to review the current swamp skink survey guidelines to compare the detection success of Elliott traps with two alternative methods: passive infrared cameras (camera traps) and artificial refuges. Methods Detection probabilities for the swamp skink were compared using Elliott traps, artificial refuges and camera traps at two known populations on the Mornington Peninsula, Victoria, Australia. Key results Artificial refuges and camera traps were significantly more successful than Elliott traps at detecting swamp skinks. Conclusions Elliott traps are currently regarded as the standard technique for surveying swamp skinks; however, these traps were the least successful of the three methods trialled. Therefore, the use of Elliott traps in future swamp skink presence–absence surveys is not recommended. Implications Many previous surveys utilising Elliott traps have failed to detect swamp skinks in habitats where they are likely to occur. Our findings suggest that at least some of these past surveys may have reported false absences of swamp skinks, potentially resulting in poor planning decisions. A reduction in the reliance on Elliott trapping is likely to increase future swamp skink detection success, broaden our understanding of this cryptic species and aid conservation efforts. Our results emphasise that it is essential to regularly review recommended survey methods to ensure they are accurate and effective for target species.
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Craig, Michael D., Angela M. Benkovic, Andrew H. Grigg, Giles E. St J. Hardy, Patricia A. Fleming, and Richard J. Hobbs. "How many mature microhabitats does a slow-recolonising reptile require? Implications for restoration of bauxite minesites in south-western Australia." Australian Journal of Zoology 59, no. 1 (2011): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo10046.

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If we are to accelerate the recolonisation of restored areas by slow-recolonising species, we must provide suitable microhabitats at appropriate densities. Previous research in south-western Australia has shown that Napoleon’s skink (Egernia napoleonis) rarely recolonises restored areas. We trapped Napoleon’s skink in restoration and unmined forest to confirm the species was late successional. We also radio-tracked six skinks in unmined forest, to determine types and characteristics of used microhabitats, and estimated home ranges to determine required microhabitat densities, with the aim of accelerating skink recolonisation of restored areas. All tracked skinks used logs and hollow-bearing trees. Used logs were larger, and used trees were larger and taller than random samples, probably because large logs and trees were more likely to contain cracks and hollows that provide a refuge from predators. Extrapolations from home-range estimates indicated that a minimum of four logs ha–1 are required in restored areas to facilitate recolonisation by skinks, with skink densities likely to increase with log densities. Our study demonstrated that not all fauna will naturally recolonise restored areas and management of these areas is required to provide suitable habitat for late-successional species. Our approach could potentially be applied to other ecosystems or species.
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Jones, C., G. Norbury, and T. Bell. "Impacts of introduced European hedgehogs on endemic skinks and weta in tussock grassland." Wildlife Research 40, no. 1 (2013): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr12164.

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Context Control of introduced pest species is based on the premise that there is a relationship between pest abundance and impact, but this relationship is rarely defined. Aim We investigated the impacts of introduced European hedgehogs (Erinaceus europaeus) on two species of small endemic skink (Oligosoma spp.) and flightless, nocturnal endemic orthopteran ground weta (Hemiandrus spp.), using an enclosure-based experimental manipulation of hedgehog density in tussock grasslands in the South Island of New Zealand. Methods We used capture–mark–recapture methods to estimate the densities of skinks before and after exposure to a range of hedgehog densities over a 3-month period and also compared changes in indices of abundance of skink demographic groups and ground weta. Key results Faecal analysis confirmed that hedgehogs consumed skinks and invertebrates in the enclosures. The proportional change between capture sessions in numbers of captured juvenile McCann’s skinks (O. maccanni) declined with increasing hedgehog density. Similarly, the proportional change in the numbers of ground weta encountered in pitfall traps showed a highly significant negative relationship with increasing hedgehog density. Total species abundances and numbers in other demographic skink groups did not change significantly in relation to hedgehog density. For overall skink abundance estimates, there was an apparent trend suggesting that changes in abundance were more negative with increasing hedgehog density, but this did not reach statistical significance for either skink species. Conclusions Our results confirmed that hedgehogs are important predators of small native fauna, but suggested that highly abundant prey populations may be buffered against significant impacts. Implications Less abundant prey and some demographic groups within populations, however, may be at significant risk from hedgehog predation.
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R. Towns, David. "Changes in habitat use by lizards on a New Zealand island following removal of the introduced Pacific Rat Rattus exulans." Pacific Conservation Biology 2, no. 3 (1995): 286. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc960286.

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On Korapuki Island (Mercury Islands group, northeastern New Zealand) lizard capture frequencies increased following the removal of Pacific Rats Rattus exulans in 1986 and rabbits Oryctolagus cuniculus in 1987. This increase was dominated by diurnal Shore Skinks Oligosoma smithi. Increases in Shore Skink captures were proportionally greatest where beach particle sizes exceeded 25 cm dia (50-fold in five years). In sites where particles were large the Shore Skink population became dominated by adults. These changes in Shore Skink distribution and size were found in areas unlikely to have been either directly or indirectly affected by rabbits. The changes are therefore attributable to removal of Pacific Rats which apparently had greatest effect on lizards where interstices between rocks allowed the rats access. The selective natural recovery of Shore Skink populations on Korapuki Island indicates that the effects of Pacific Rats on island lizard faunas depends not only on the presence of refuge areas, such as rocky beaches, but also on the particle sizes within them.
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Rubbo, Michael J., Victor R. Townsend, Jr., Scott D. Smyers, and Robert G. Jaeger. "The potential for invertebrate–vertebrate intraguild predation: the predatory relationship between wolf spiders (Gladicosa pulchra) and ground skinks (Scincella lateralis)." Canadian Journal of Zoology 79, no. 8 (August 1, 2001): 1465–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z01-098.

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Intraguild predation is described as predation among organisms that exploit similar resources. As wolf spiders (Araneae, Lycosidae) are generalist predators that share habitat and food resources with the ground skink Scincella lateralis, we conducted a series of laboratory experiments to determine if wolf spiders are capable of preying upon ground skinks. Wolf spiders (Gladicosa pulchra) successfully preyed on skinks during 3 of 20 encounters, but did not overtly respond to chemical stimuli from the skinks. Skinks employed antipredatory behaviors (i.e., immobility) when exposed to visual and chemical stimuli from spiders, providing evidence that they recognize spiders as predators prior to an encounter. In an additional experiment, the hypothesis that increased skink movement would lead to an increase in spider attacks was tested. Skinks exhibited high levels of movement in this experiment, with spider predation occurring during 4 of 10 encounters. The presence of structural refugia played a significant role in this predator–prey interaction by increasing the amount of time required for a spider to prey upon a skink. Our results indicate that G. pulchra can prey upon S. lateralis, and that skinks may recognize cues deposited on the substrate by spiders. These data indicate that these two species may interact in an ecologically meaningful manner.
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McMaster, Ardythe. "Northern Prairie Skink." Blue Jay 69, no. 4 (December 25, 2011): 184. http://dx.doi.org/10.29173/bluejay332.

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Pike, David A., Kelley S. Peterman, and Jay H. Exum. "Habitat structure influences the presence of sand skinks (Plestiodon reynoldsi) in altered habitats." Wildlife Research 35, no. 2 (2008): 120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr07119.

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We studied a fossorial endemic lizard (the sand skink, Plestiodon reynoldsi) to determine habitat structural and vegetation associations in altered habitats at micro-, local, and macroscales. Lizards were present in each of the structural categories and vegetation types we studied, although active orange groves negatively influenced distribution and relative density (determined as the proportion of coverboards within a sampling plot containing signs of sand skink presence). Conversely, relative densities were highest in forested habitats, which contain structural features similar to natural habitats. Sand skinks readily used the two soil types at our site, although the greatest densities were in sampling plots containing both types. We conclude that conditions are suitable for sand skink habitation within a variety of habitats with different structures, including those altered by humans. However, in all cases the underlying soil was also loose and dry, making fossorial locomotion possible for this species. Three lines of evidence suggest that populations in altered habitats were resident, rather than transient: (1) sand skinks are still present in altered habitats more than 35 skink generations after alteration occurred; (2) there was no relationship between sand skink density and distance to natural habitat; and (3) a very small portion of our site (<2%) consisted of natural habitat, which is most likely too small to be a long-term source population to nearby altered habitats. Our results indicate that although P. reynoldsi is often considered habitat-specific, this notion may be due to focusing sampling efforts on natural rather than disturbed habitats. Therefore, relying on preconceived notions of habitat associations may not be sufficient to understand the ecological relationships and local-scale distribution of this threatened species. Using such misinformation may lead to the design and implementation of inadequate conservation plans that ignore altered habitats in which focal species occur.
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Gorissen, Sarsha, Ian R. C. Baird, Matthew Greenlees, Ahamad N. Sherieff, and Richard Shine. "Predicting the occurrence of an endangered reptile based on habitat attributes." Pacific Conservation Biology 24, no. 1 (2018): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc17027.

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The endangered Blue Mountains water skink (Eulamprus leuraensis), a habitat specialist known from approximately 60 threatened highland peat swamps, is the sole endemic vertebrate of the Blue Mountains region, Australia. We quantified the species’ habitat associations by surveying 10 such swamps annually for three years. We scored habitat features and trapped skinks, comparing habitat attributes of trap sites where skinks were and were not captured. The distribution of E. leuraensis was non-random: skinks were found at sites with high values for some variables (soil moisture, live vegetation, surface water, understorey density and numbers of burrows) and low values for others (dead vegetation, logs, rocks, bare ground, canopy cover, sunlight penetration and numbers of invertebrates), and were mostly found in sites that were close to surface water and far from trees and logs. Eulamprus leuraensis is widely distributed within swamps, with weak associations between microhabitat variation and skink presence. Skink abundance and mean body size were highest within swamp centres, decreasing towards the margins; larger skinks were found closer to water, gravid female skinks were found at wetter sites and juveniles occupied marginal habitat. Skinks were rarely recaptured >10 m from their original site, with adult males travelling further than adult females and juveniles. We developed a quick field detection method for managers to assess the likely presence of E. leuraensis using two habitat attributes (soil moisture and burrow abundance). We mapped the species’ known and predicted habitat using GIS spatial layers, including locality records, associated vegetation communities and digital elevation models.
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Nicholson, Evelyn, Alan Lill, and Alan Andersen. "Do tropical savanna skink assemblages show a short-term response to low-intensity fire?" Wildlife Research 33, no. 4 (2006): 331. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr05067.

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The composition of skink assemblages at a tropical savanna site in northern Australia was documented immediately before and after low-intensity, experimental fires in the early dry season (June), and compared with the composition in neighbouring unburnt plots. The composition of the assemblage of captured skinks was not significantly affected by fire, and no change in total abundance of skinks was recorded. Arthropods constitute the principal food of the skinks and the composition of the captured arthropod samples on the treatment plots was significantly affected by the fires, with spiders, beetles and hemipterans increasing in numbers during the immediate post-fire period. Seasonal changes in captured skink assemblage composition, unrelated to the fire event, occurred between the wet–dry season transition and the early dry season. These changes were associated with variation in four weather variables and were possibly also related to seasonal reproductive activity. Our study demonstrates a high degree of resilience of savanna skinks to individual fire events; however, the longer-term effect of different fire regimes requires further investigation.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Skink"

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Bellamy, Stephen. "Resource partitioning between two sympatric Australian skinks, Egernia multiscutata and Egernia whitii." Connect to this title online, 2006. http://catalogue.flinders.edu.au/local/adt/public/adt-SFU20070124.145924/index.html.

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Portik, Daniel M. "Comparative phylogeography of two skink species in southern Africa." Click here for download, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1827435511&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=3260&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Thesis (M.S.)--Villanova University, 2009.
Biology Dept. "Funding for this study provided by the National Science Foundation (grant number: DEB 0515909)"-- l. ii. Includes bibliographical references.
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Zari, T. A. "The energetics and thermal physiology of Wiegmann's Skink, Mabuya brevicollis." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.376480.

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Engelbrecht, Hanlie M. "Systematics of the Cape legless skink Acontias meleagris species complex." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/79789.

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Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2013.
This study examined the biogeography and taxonomic status of the Cape legless skink, Acontias meleagris species complex using phylogenetic analyses, population genetics, demographic history aspects, time of lineage diversification estimation, environmental statistic analyses and a morphological evaluation. A total of 231 specimens from 55 localities were collected from the entire known distribution range of the A. meleagris complex throughout the Eastern, Northern and Western Cape, South Africa. Partial sequence data were collected from two mitochondrial DNA loci, 16S rRNA and cytochrome oxidase subunit one (COI), and one protein-coding nuclear DNA locus, exophilin 5 (EXPH 5). DNA sequences were analyzed for phylogenetic methods and biogeographical dating, while population genetic analyses were conducted on the COI sequences. Geographical boundaries amongst cryptic lineages were determined and evolutionary drivers of cladogenesis within the species complex were inferred. Marked genetic structure was observed within the A. meleagris complex, and five clades were retrieved, most of which were statistically well supported. These five clades were also evident within the haplotypic analyses and were characterized by demographic stability. Lineage diversification and the current biogeographical patterning observed for lineages within the A. meleagris species complex reflect the impact of sea level oscillations on historical coastal habitat availability. Additional historical evolutionary drivers within this subterranean species complex were inferred and discussed. The five clades within this species complex were considered discrete species, characterised by phylogenetic and biogeographic distinctiveness. While, morphological characters that could be used to identify the five species demonstrated widespread overlap for morphometric and meristic characters as well as colour pattering. Consequently, the phylogenetic species concept was employed for a taxonomical revision of A. meleagris sensu lato. Here, three of the previously recognised subspecies A. m. meleagris, A. m. orientalis and A. m. orientalis–'lineicauda' were elevated to full species, and two new species A. caurinus sp. nov. and A. parilis sp. nov. were described.
National Research Foundation (NRF)
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Sousa, Ana Carolina Andrade de. "Phylogeography, ecology and conservation of skink Adamastor, Trachylepis Adamastor ceríaco, 2015." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/23062.

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The genus Trachylepis is one of the most diverse of reptiles inhabiting the Gulf of Guinea islands. Trachylepis adamastor, endemic to Tinhosa Grande islet, was recently described based solely on morphology. The phylogenetic relation between T. adamastor and remaining Trachylepis species, ecology and conservation status were unknown. This study investigates the phylogenetic and phylogeographic relationships, as well as the population density and the diet of T. adamastor. Results show that T. principensis from Príncipe and T. adamastor are genetically conspecific, although, given morphological differences and isolation, it is suggested that each population should be considered subspecies. The population density of T. a. adamastor was estimated as 0.012 per m2 with 2460 individuals. These obtained values, together with its distribution makes T. a. adamastor a “Critically Endangered” subspecies according to IUCN. The diet of T. a. adamastor was also compared with that of the populations of the surrounding islands; Filogeografia, Ecologia e Conservação da lagartixa Adamastor, Trachylepis adamastor Ceríaco, 2015 Resumo: O género de répteis Trachylepis é um dos mais diversos das ilhas do Golfo da Guiné. Trachylepis adamastor, endémica do ilhéu da Tinhosa Grande, foi recentemente descrita com base apenas na morfologia. A relação filogenética entre T. adamastor e as restantes espécies Trachylepis, assim como a sua ecologia e estatuto de conservação são desconhecidos. Este estudo investiga as relações filogenética e filogeográfica, densidade populacional e dieta de T. adamastor. Os resultados mostraram que T. principensis do Príncipe e T. adamastor são geneticamente coespecificas. Tendo em conta as diferenças morfológicas e o seu isolamento, é sugerido que cada população deve ser considerada como subespécie. A estimativa da densidade populacional obtida foi 0.012 por m2 com 2460 indivíduos. Estes valores obtidos, juntamente com a distribuição da subespécie, tornam T. a. adamastor “Criticamente Em Perigo” de acordo com a IUCN. A sua dieta também foi comparada com a das populações das ilhas vizinhas.
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Arena, Phillip Charles. "Aspects of the biology of the King's skink Egernia Kingii (Gray)." Thesis, Arena, Phillip Charles (1986) Aspects of the biology of the King's skink Egernia Kingii (Gray). Honours thesis, Murdoch University, 1986. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/46320/.

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Selected aspects of the biology of a large scincid lizard, King's skink Egernia kingii, were studied on Penguin Island (32 18'S, 115 42'E) near Perth, Western Australia, from May 1985 to April 1986. The high density of this species (800ha in areas of preferred habitat) was attributed to abundant food and low adult predation rates on the island...
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Gorissen, Sarsha. "Conservation biology of the endangered Blue Mountains Water Skink (Eulamprus leuraensis)." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/15731.

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The Blue Mountains Water Skink (Eulamprus leuraensis), restricted to the endangered habitat of highland peat-swamps, is known from fewer than 60 isolated sites in the Blue Mountains region of south-eastern Australia. The sole endemic vertebrate of the region, this scincid lizard is imperilled by many threats. From three years of field surveys, I show that E. leuraensis live almost exclusively within swamps, with very few inhabiting the swamp margins and none recorded in the surrounding woodland. Paradoxically, this endangered species appears to be the most abundant vertebrate in these swamps. My surveys show that urbanisation and frequent major fires both reduce the abundance of these skinks, but do not extirpate them. A longer period of time since a major fire, conversely, increases the abundance of this reptile. Groundwater loss and alterations in surface water chemistry extirpate populations of this species: its restriction to groundwater-dependent swamps renders it highly sensitive to habitat degradation through hydrological disturbance. To conserve E. leuraensis in the wild, we need to protect its swamp habitat from the impacts of urbanisation, intensified fire regimes, reduced groundwater, water pollution and longwall mining. The conservation message for management authorities is clear: ‘protect the habitat, protect the skink.’
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Wolfe, Ashleigh Katherine. "The Ecology of Perth’s Urban Reptiles Using a Snake and Skink as Models." Thesis, Curtin University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/69322.

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Urbanisation presents unique challenges for wildlife and promotes human-wildlife interactions. The effects if urbanisation on reptiles has been little studied. I explored the life history traits correlated with urban adaptation for reptiles, and investigated how urbanisation affects diet, spatial use, and behavioural responses of two reptiles in south-west Western Australia: dugite (Pseudonaja affinis, Elapidae) and bobtail skink (Tiliqua r. rugosa, Scincidae). I also investigated the attitudes and perceptions of the general public towards these species.
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Sumner, Joanna Mary. "The ecology and population genetics of the prickly forest skink in a fragmented habitat /." St. Lucia, Qld, 2001. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe16515.pdf.

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Dumont, Christina Terra. "An investigation into declining skink populations and their behavioural responses to introduced mammalian predators." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Biology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/10580.

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New Zealand provides an excellent example of the effect of exotic predators on native reptile populations. Prior to human arrival, reptiles evolved in the absence of mammalian predators but are now sympatric with 11 introduced mammalian predators. New Zealand’s reptile populations have declined over the past millennium because they have few defensive behaviours against this new predator guild. However, relatively few studies have investigated the effects of introduced mammalian predators on skinks. In this thesis, I studied the life history of several skink species and the long-term demographic changes in these species to evaluate population trends. I evaluated the effectiveness of mammalian predator control in the Rotoiti Nature Recovery Project (RNRP) for restoring skink populations and I investigated the potential sub-lethal effects of mammalian predators on skinks. Finally, I tested whether two skink species had developed behaviours to avoid the scent of introduced rats or hedgehogs. I estimated size at sexual maturity, birthing season and habitat preferences for speckled skinks (Oligosoma infrapunctatum) in the Nelson Lakes area. My research shows that skink populations are declining both inside and outside of the RNRP. The largest declines are seen in the rarer species and even within the predator-controlled area of the RNRP the speckled skink is nearing extirpation. In addition, the proportion of female northern grass skinks (O. polychroma) and larger individuals of both sexes has decreased since 1970; suggesting females and larger individuals are more vulnerable to predation. An investigation of three fitness surrogates (body condition, parasite load and prevalence of caudal autotomy) showed that for both northern grass and glossy brown skinks (O. zelandicum), body condition was significantly lower in populations with mammalian predators than without. This has serious conservation implications because it shows that lizard populations may not only be in decline from direct predation, but also additional stresses associated with predation that may lead to reduced reproductive output. Neither parasite load, nor the prevalence of caudal autotomy, appears to be good indicators of fitness for northern grass or glossy brown skinks. I found no evidence of substantial avoidance behaviours in glossy brown and northern grass skinks to either rat or hedgehog odour. Two hypotheses are suggested to explain this. Firstly, there may not have been enough time for these species to evolve avoidance behaviours, and secondly, there may be insufficient selection pressure due to the high efficiency of the alien predators, or because rats and hedgehogs are active foragers and thus scent gives the prey limited information on immediate predation pressure. This lack of evidence for the evolution of antipredator behaviour, in addition to reduced body condition and population decline in areas with mammalian predators present, highlights the importance of intensive mammalian predator control for the continued survival of skink species on mainland New Zealand.
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Books on the topic "Skink"

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Shipton, Paul. The mighty Skink. Harmondsworth: Puffin, 1998.

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Shipton, Paul. The mighty skink. New York: HarperCollins, 2000.

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Ricciuti, Edward R. What on earth is a skink? Woodbridge, Conn: Blackbirch Press, 1994.

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Claybourne, Anna. Can you tell a skink from a salamander? Oxford: Raintree, 2006.

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Plessis, Koos Du. Skink nog ʼn uur in my glas: Nagelate verse. Kaapstad: Queillerie, 1995.

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Claybourne, Anna. Can you tell a skink from a salamander?: Classification. Chicago, Ill: Raintree, 2005.

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Towns, D. R. North Island Oligosoma spp. skink recovery plan, 2002-2012. Wellington, N.Z: Dept. of Conservation, 2002.

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Axtell, Ralph W. The ground skink, scincella lateralis, in Illinois: Range and possible recent history. Champaign, Ill: Illinois Natural History Survey, 2006.

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Axtell, Ralph W. The ground skink, Scincella lateralis, in Illinois: Range and possible recent history. Champaign, Ill: Illinois Natural History Survey, 2004.

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Fisher, Michael Chad. A preliminary study on the development of an alternative trapping method for the capture of Eumeces egregius, the mole skink, in sand pine scrub associations on the Ocala National Forest, Florida. Bellingham, WA: Huxley College of Environmental Studies, Western Washington University, 1998.

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Book chapters on the topic "Skink"

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Gawad, Shady, Ana Valero, Thomas Braschler, David Holmes, Philippe Renaud, Vanni Lughi, Tomasz Stapinski, et al. "Officinal Skink." In Encyclopedia of Nanotechnology, 1913. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-9751-4_100601.

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Zhu, Yimei, Hiromi Inada, Achim Hartschuh, Li Shi, Ada Della Pia, Giovanni Costantini, Amadeo L. Vázquez de Parga, et al. "Sand Skink." In Encyclopedia of Nanotechnology, 2273. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-9751-4_100719.

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Manley, Geoffrey A. "The Bobtail Skink, Tiliqua rugosa." In Peripheral Hearing Mechanisms in Reptiles and Birds, 165–90. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-83615-2_11.

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Cassez, Franck, Anthony M. Sloane, Matthew Roberts, Matthew Pigram, Pongsak Suvanpong, and Pablo Gonzalez de Aledo. "Skink: Static Analysis of Programs in LLVM Intermediate Representation." In Tools and Algorithms for the Construction and Analysis of Systems, 380–84. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-54580-5_27.

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Chapple, David G., James T. Reardon, and Joanne E. Peace. "Origin, Spread and Biology of the Invasive Plague Skink (Lampropholis delicata) in New Zealand." In New Zealand Lizards, 341–59. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-41674-8_13.

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Katz, Max, and Ilya Shaikovsky. "Skins." In Practical RichFaces, 333–53. Berkeley, CA: Apress, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4302-3450-0_13.

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Holtkötter, Olaf, and Dirk Petersohn. "Skin and skin models." In Microarrays in Inflammation, 41–50. Basel: Birkhäuser Basel, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7643-8334-3_4.

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Bhushan, Bharat. "Skin and Skin Cream." In Biophysics of Skin and Its Treatments, 11–24. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-45708-6_2.

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Walsh, Maureen Y. "Skin." In Histopathology Specimens, 373–88. London: Springer London, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-85729-673-3_38.

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Hughes, Graham, and Shirish Sangle. "Skin." In Hughes Syndrome: The Antiphospholipid Syndrome, 49–52. London: Springer London, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-85729-739-6_12.

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Conference papers on the topic "Skink"

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Ely, Ricardo Carlos. "PHYLOGENETIC AND GEOMETRIC MORPHOMETRIC ANALYSES OF LYGOSOMINE SKINK MANDIBLES." In GSA Annual Meeting in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA - 2018. Geological Society of America, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2018am-322579.

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Weaver, Kyle, Jeong-Hoi Koo, Tae-Heon Yang, and Young-Min Kim. "Capturing Age-Dependent Properties of Human Skin Using Magnetorheological Elastomers." In ASME 2018 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2018-8015.

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Artificial and synthetic skins are widely used in the medical field; used in applications ranging from skin grafts to suture training pads. There is a growing need for artificial skins with tunable properties. However, current artificial skins do not take into account the variability of mechanical properties between individual humans as well as the age-dependent properties of human skin. Furthermore, there has been little development in artificial skins based on these properties. Thus, the primary purpose of this research is to develop variable stiffness artificial skin samples using magnetorheological elastomers (MREs) whose properties that can be controlled using external magnetic fields. In this study, multiple MRE skin samples were fabricated with varying filler particle volume contents. Using a precision dynamic mechanical analyzer, a series of indenting experiments were performed on the samples to characterize their mechanical properties. The samples were tested using a spherical indenter that indented a total depth of 1 mm with a speed of 0.01 mm/s and unloaded at the same rate. The results show that the modulus or stiffness increases significantly as the iron percent (w/w) in the sample increases. Additionally, the stiffness of the sample increases proportional to the intensity of the applied external magnetic field. To assess the MRE samples’ variability of properties, the testing results were compared with in vivo human skin testing data. The results show the MRE samples are feasible to represent the age-dependent stiffness demonstrated in in vivo human skin testing. The MRE materials studied will be further studied as a variable-stiffness skin model in medical devices, such as radial pulse simulators.
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Hattori, Kazuhisa, Tomohiro Kuwahara, Masato Ohmi, Masamitsu Haruna, Shinpei Okawa, Kazuto Masamoto, and Yukio Yamada. "Measurement of Optical Properties of Human Skin." In ASME/JSME 2011 8th Thermal Engineering Joint Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ajtec2011-44475.

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In order to predict the skin colors, we need to analyze the reflection spectra of the skins. For the diffuse reflection, it is essential to know the skin optical properties that describe the propagation of light in the skin. We measure the absorption coefficient μa, scattering coefficient μs, scattering phase function p(θ) and refractive index n of human skins in this study. We attempt to build a measurement system which can accurately measure the optical properties of the skin samples with a size of as small as 5 mm and a thickness of as thin as 50 micrometer in the visible wavelength range with the wavelength step of 50 nm. Then we measured the optical properties of stratum corneum obtained from a cultured model of human epidermis and those of epidermis obtained from human skin. The effect of the exposure of epidermis to sunlight on the optical properties is discussed.
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Heeb, Rafael M., Michael Dicker, and Benjamin K. S. Woods. "Design Space Exploration and Modelling of GATOR 3D Printed Morphing Skins." In ASME 2022 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2022-93488.

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Abstract Morphing aircraft wings are one of the proposed solutions to reducing aviation’s environmental impact as they seek to improve the aircraft’s aerodynamic efficiency and thereby reduce green-house gas emissions. The competing structural requirements of morphing skins, which are required to have a high out-of-plane stiffness to resist aerodynamic loading and a low in-plane stiffness to keep the actuation energy low, are one of the key reasons why this technology is not yet being deployed on a large scale. The novel Geometrically Anisotropic Thermoplastic Rubber (GATOR) morphing skins introduced by these authors seek to take advantage of multi-material 3D printing and structural scaling laws to allow for better compromises between the competing design constraints. In this work, a finite element study of the novel GATOR skins is presented exploring the fundamental relationships between skin configuration and performance of a GATOR skin panel consisting of two face sheets and a zero Poisson’s ratio Morphcore using a numerical model comprised of second-order 3D elements and 2D first-order elements to model the core and the skin, respectively which was validated with experimental results. The GATOR skin is divided into 6 unique design parameters: core height, bending member thickness, core thickness, bending member angle, the distance between the unit cells, and skin thickness. A detailed design space analysis shows how those parameters influence the performance metrics such as axial and bending rigidity and mass properties to better understand what effect they have on those competing design requirements and how they can be used in a targeted way to optimize a GATOR skin.
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Wei, Danming, Ruoshi Zhang, Mohammad N. Saadatzi, Olalekan O. Olowo, and Dan O. Popa. "Organic Piezoresistive Pressure Sensitive Robotic Skin for Physical Human-Robot Interaction." In ASME 2020 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2020-22604.

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Abstract Pressure sensitive robotic skins have long been investigated for applications to physical human-robot interaction (pHRI). Numerous challenges related to fabrication, sensitivity, density, and reliability remain to be addressed under various environmental and use conditions. In our previous studies, we designed novel strain gauge sensor structures for robotic skin arrays. We coated these star-shaped designs with an organic polymer piezoresistive material, Poly (3, 4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-ploy(styrenesulfonate) or PEDOT: PSS and integrated sensor arrays into elastomer robotic skins. In this paper, we describe a dry etching photolithographic method to create a stable uniform sensor layer of PEDOT:PSS onto star-shaped sensors and a lamination process for creating double-sided robotic skins that can be used with temperature compensation. An integrated circuit and load testing apparatus was designed for testing the resulting robotic skin pressure performance. Experiments were conducted to measure the loading performance of the resulting sensor prototypes and results indicate that over 80% sensor yields are possible with this fabrication process.
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Feng, Ning, Liwu Liu, Yanju Liu, and Jinsong Leng. "Structural Analysis of Morphing Airfoils for Camber Adaptive Wing." In ASME 2015 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2015-9116.

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The chord-wise bending airfoil wing could be achieved by employing a kind of active morphing skin which was embedded with pneumatic muscle fibers. This camber morphing structure involves the discipline of structural mechanics which is analysed in this paper. Carbon fiber composite plate is utilized for the upper surface skin of the chord-wise bending airfoil structure, so the approach described in this paper starts from deformation analysis of the upper surface skin based on the classical laminate theory. Energy method was also used for solving the shape function of the upper surface skin which was under the condition of pure bending. While the active morphing skin was actuated at a series of discrete actuation pressures, the fixed geometrical shapes of the chord-wise bending airfoil structure could be obtained. Meanwhile the finite element method (FEM) was used for analyzing this chord-wise bending airfoil structure and the deformed shapes of the upper surface skins would be obtained. Deformed shapes of the upper surface skins between numerical analysis result and FEM analysis result were compared in this paper. This structural analysis work provides useful design and camber morphing characteristics for chord-wise bending airfoil structure. Developers of future shape-adaptive air vehicles have been provided with structural design tools.
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Ganguli, Rahul, and Vivek Mehrotra. "Bio Inspired Living Skins for Fouling Mitigation." In ASME 2008 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2008-588.

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A biomimetic method to mitigate marine biofouling using a pilot-whale inspired sacrificial skin concept has been developed. We developed a method to form conformal, protective skins in-situ underwater using a circulatory system. In addition, the materials chemistry was tuned such that the skin dissolves after a tunable stable period, removing any foulants that may have collected on it. A very large reduction in biofouling was demonstrated for surfaces protected by the sacrificial skin compared to identical unprotected surfaces, when high fouling pressure was generated using bacteria in artificial seawater. Skin formation, stability, and dissolution have been studied by forming skins on 6 inch square flat substrates, and curved surfaces. Several different materials and material combinations were tested for their skin-forming ability. Rheology studies were conducted to determine the changes in viscosity of the materials upon exposure to seawater. The materials microstructure and composition was probed before and after seawater exposure. These experiments helped explain the mechanisms by which skin formation and dissolution occurs. Biofouling experiments consisted of culturing and growing the bacteria Pseudoalteromonas carrageenovera, a strain known to cause biofouling in marine environments. Efforts focused on determining experimental conditions necessary to achieve high levels of biofouling growth in the shortest amount of time. Marine-like environments were created in the range of a few hundred milliliters of artificial seawater and scaled to several liters, large enough to contain a 6 inch × 6 inch substrate.
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Skulborstad, A. J., and N. C. Goulbourne. "Biaxial Mechanical Characterization of Bat Wing Skin and Development of Biomimetic Constructs." In ASME 2013 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2013-3190.

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The highly flexible and extensible wing skin of bats enables various wing shapes and flight modes, which distinguishes it from all other natural flyers making bats an ideal model for micro-aerial vehicles. We propose that an understanding of the relationship between the structure, properties and function of the wing tissue is essential to replicate and utilize the bat’s natural capabilities. In this work, we present the first biaxial mechanical characterization of bat wing skin, identify key mechanisms in its deformation, and employ these concepts to fabricate biomimetic skins. Ten Glossophaga soricina bat specimens were available for experiment obtained from Prof. Swartz or Brown University. Of the 20 excised wing skin samples, 11 were used for establishing testing protocols, 3 tore during preparation, and 6 were tested for the characterization presented in this work. The tissue was shown to be nonlinear, heterogeneous, anisotropic, and viscoelastic. The wrinkled tissue structure and substantial anisotropy promote great spanwise deployment and deformation increasing wing area and aspect ratio enabling greater lift generation. Comparison of the material structural organization with strain field responses demonstrated that the underlying fiber architecture corresponds to observed local strain variations and that the tissue represents a departure from traditional fiber reinforced materials since the mesoscopic elastin fiber architecture appears to be the soft component while the matrix provides the stiffening role. Fabricated skins capture the inherent mismatch in natural configurations of the spanwise elastin fibers and the matrix and exhibit the characteristic wrinkle pattern observed in the in vivo bat wing skin. Future work will include static mechanical testing of the synthetic skins as well as aerodynamic testing to investigate the link between tissue structure, properties and functional flight capabilities.
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Hall, Theodore W., Wassim Jabi, Katia Passerini, Cristian Borcea, and Quentin Jones. "An Interactive Poster System to Solicit Casual Design Feedback." In ACADIA 2008: Silicon + Skin. ACADIA, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2008.438.

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Beaman, Michael. "Bio-complexity: Instructing with Relational Generatives." In ACADIA 2008: Silicon + Skin. ACADIA, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2008.102.

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Reports on the topic "Skink"

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Yang, Pa Ser. Second Skin. Ames: Iowa State University, Digital Repository, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/itaa_proceedings-180814-747.

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Pitt iGEM, Pitt iGEM. Living Skin Therapeutics. Experiment, June 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.18258/2764.

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Edelsbrunner, H., Ho-Lun Cheng, T. K. Dey, and J. Sullivan. Dynamic Skin Triangulation. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada410934.

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Nielson, Jr, and H. S. Leishmania Skin Test. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada567005.

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Ginzberg, Idit, and Walter De Jong. Molecular genetic and anatomical characterization of potato tuber skin appearance. United States Department of Agriculture, September 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2008.7587733.bard.

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Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) skin is composed of suberized phellem cells, the outer component of the tuber periderm. The focus of the proposed research was to apply genomic approaches to identify genes that control tuber skin appearance - smooth and shiny skin is highly preferred by the customers while russeted/netted skin potatoes are rejected. The breeding program (at Cornell University) seeks to develop smooth-skin varieties but has encountered frequent difficulties as inheritance of russeting involves complementary action by independently segregating genes, where a dominant allele at each locus is required for any degree of skin russeting. On the other hand, smooth-skin varieties frequently develop unsightly russeting in response to stress conditions, mainly high soil temperatures. Breeding programs in Israel aimed towards the improvement of heat tolerant varieties include skin quality as one of the desired characteristics. At the initiation of the present project it was unclear whether heat induced russeting and genetically inherited russeting share the same genes and biosynthesis pathways. Nevertheless, it has been suggested that russeting might result from increased periderm thickness, from strong cohesion between peridermal cells that prevents the outer layers from sloughing off, or from altered suberization processes in the skin. Hence, the original objectives were to conduct anatomical study of russet skin development, to isolate skin and russeting specific genes, to map the loci that determine the russet trait, and to compare with map locations the candidate russet specific genes, as well as to identify marker alleles that associated with russet loci. Anatomical studies suggested that russet may evolve from cracking at the outer layers of the skin, probably when skin development doesn’t meet the tuber expansion rate. Twodimensional gel electrophoresis and transcript profiling (cDNA chip, potato functional genomic project) indicated that in comparison to the parenchyma tissue, the skin is enriched with proteins/genes that are involved in the plant's responses to biotic and abiotic stresses and further expand the concept of the skin as a protective tissue containing an array of plantdefense components. The proteomes of skin from heat stressed tubers and native skin didn’t differ significantly, while transcript profiling indicated heat-related increase in three major functional groups: transcription factors, stress response and protein degradation. Exceptional was ACC synthase isogene with 4.6 fold increased level in the heat stressed skin. Russeting was mapped to two loci: rusB on chromosome 4 and rusC on chromosome 11; both required for russeting. No evidence was found for a third locus rusA that was previously proposed to be required for russeting. In an effort to find a link between the russeting character and the heat-induced russeting an attempt was made to map five genes that were found in the microarray experiment to be highly induced in the skin under heat stress in the segregating russet population. Only one gene was polymorphic; however it was localized to chromosome 2, so cannot correspond to rusB or rusC. Evaluation of AFLP markers tightly linked to rusB and rusC showed that these specific alleles are not associated with russeting in unrelated germplasm, and thus are not useful for MAS per se. To develop markers useful in applied breeding, it will be necessary to screen alleles of additional tightly linked loci, as well as to identify additional russet (heat-induced and/or native) related genes.
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Grow, Ann I. Reactive Topical Skin Protectant. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, June 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada432035.

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Myrick, Michael L. Fiber Optic Chameleonic Skin. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, June 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada369920.

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He, Dan, Hongmei Wu, Yujie Han, Min Liu, and Mao Lu. A meta-analysis of topical antifungal drugs to treat atopic dermatitis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2021.12.0062.

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Review question / Objective: Various bacteria and fungi colonize the skin surface of patients with AD. The colonized fungi mainly include Malassezia, non-Malassezia yeasts, and molds. Among them, Malassezia occupies 63%~86% of the fungal colonization community on the skin surface of AD patients. Although the relationship between the level of Malassezia on the skin surface and disease severity remains controversial, many studies have shown that the level of serum anti-Malassezia-specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies in AD patients is related to the disease severity, especially in patients with AD in the head and neck. The specific mechanism by which Malassezia causes or aggravates AD is unclear, but damage to the skin barrier in AD patients is a key component of the mechanism. The presence of Malassezia on the skin also seems to change its barrier function, resulting in more Malassezia and its antigens colonizing the skin surface area that is exposed to the immune system. This produces a large number of specific IgE antibodies and cytokines to aggravate the disease.
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Dawson, Melissa, and Mary Golden. Abracito: Designing Skin-to-Skin Incubation Garments for Preemies & Micro Preemies. Ames (Iowa): Iowa State University. Library, January 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/itaa.8199.

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W. C. Inkret and M. E. Schillaci. Radiological Dose Assessment - Nonuniform Skin Dose, Radioactive Skin Contamination, and Multiple Dosimetry. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/9447.

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