Books on the topic 'Skin features'
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1
MacKie, Rona M. Skin cancer: An illustrated guide to the aetiology, clinical features, pathology and management of benign and malignant cutaneous tumours. London: M. Dunitz, 1989.
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MacKie, Rona M. Skin cancer: An illustrated guide to the aetiology, clinical features, pathology and management of benign and malignant cutaneous tumors. London: Dunitz, 1989.
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Tundaleva, Irina. Sanitation and hygiene of hairdressing services. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/979063.
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The purpose of the tutorial is to highlight the specifics of sanitary and hygienic requirements for the work of hairdressers and their employees. The specific features of the applied technologies for disinfection of instruments are described. Issues related to the need to comply with sanitary and hygienic standards are highlighted.
The section of Microbiology related to the field of hairdressing services is considered. The topics of preventing the spread of infectious diseases are covered in detail, and the types of skin diseases are described. A separate section is devoted to competent care of the scalp and hair, face skin, nails.
Meets the requirements for the profession of a hairdresser in accordance with the Federal state educational standard of secondary professional education of the last generation in the specialty 43.02.13 "technology of hairdressing".
For students who receive secondary special education in hairdressing specialties.
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Karlheinz, Fuchs. Die Reptilhaut: Ein wichtiger Merkmalsträger bei der Identifizierung von Echsen und Schlangen = The reptile skin : a key-feature in the identification of lizards and snakes. Frankfurt am Main: Edition Chimaira, 2003.
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Amazing Animal Skin (Creature Features). PowerKids Press, 2008.
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Compendium Of Surface Microscopic And Dermoscopic Features. Springer, 2008.
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Freer, Phoebe E. Skin Lesions. Edited by Christoph I. Lee, Constance D. Lehman, and Lawrence W. Bassett. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190270261.003.0050.
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Skin lesions are commonly seen on breast imaging. Often, a raised skin lesion is encountered incidentally during screening mammography and can be mistaken for a mass within the breast parenchyma. In most cases, lesions confined within the dermis are benign. Occasionally, focal skin involvement may be the presenting sign of a breast cancer that is either locally extensive to the skin or has an inflammatory component. This chapter reviews the key imaging and clinical features of skin lesions that may be encountered either incidentally on breast imaging or on diagnostic imaging as an area of patient concern. Imaging features of skin lesions, the differential diagnoses, and further management will be reviewed. Topics discussed include benign epithelial cysts (i.e., sebaceous cyst and epidermal inclusion cysts), seborrheic keratosis, keloid and dermal nevi, cellulitis, and inflammatory and locally advanced breast cancers.
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Freer, Phoebe E. Skin Calcifications. Edited by Christoph I. Lee, Constance D. Lehman, and Lawrence W. Bassett. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190270261.003.0049.
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Dermal and epidermal calcifications in the breast are extremely common and are typically benign, of no clinical significance, and are unrelated to breast cancer. If the radiologist attempts to do a mammographically guided needle localization for surgical excisional biopsy of calcifications that are not recognized to be in the dermis, it is possible that the patient may proceed to surgical biopsy with no calcifications seen in the excised specimen. Therefore, it is important to recognize dermal calcifications as such at the time of screening or diagnostic imaging. This chapter reviews the key imaging and clinical features of skin calcifications that may be encountered either incidentally on breast imaging or on diagnostic imaging when a patient has been recalled from screening for grouped calcifications. Topics discussed include obtaining tangent views to accurately diagnose skin calcifications, as well as how to recognize calcifications on tomosynthesis.
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Skin Cancer: An Illustrated Guide to the Aetiology, Clinical Features, Pathology and Management of Benign and Malignant Cutaneous Tumours. 2nd ed. Taylor & Francis, 1996.
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Sybert, Virginia. Genetic Skin Disorders. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780195397666.001.0001.
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This lavishly-illustrated resource represents a comprehensive survey of well over 300 distinct inherited dermatologic conditions. Each disease entry follows a consistent format, containing sections devoted to dermatologic features, associated clinical abnormalities, histopathology, biochemical and molecular information, treatment, mode of inheritance and recurrence risk, prenatal diagnosis, and information on differential diagnosis. Any clinician faced with a patient in whom the possibility for a genetic disorder of the skin exists will find this book a practical tool of immense interest.
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Winearls, Christopher G. Kidney disease-focused features on examination. Edited by Christopher G. Winearls. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199592548.003.0005.
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Examination depends on the context and clinical presentation and the emphasis will be different too. Tell-tale signs are often unnoticed in the general examination of the eyes (lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase deficiency, Fabry disease, corneal calcification), the skin (vasculitis, Anderson–Fabry disease), the optic fundus (haemorrhages and exudates, papilloedema), and the hands (nail patella syndrome, splinter haemorrhages of systemic lupus erythematosus, and subacute bacterial endocarditis). Many of these are illustrated. The regular review of patients on dialysis or with a kidney transplant is also considered.
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Sybert, Virginia P. Genetic Skin Disorders. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190276478.001.0001.
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This book is a readable, reliable guide to the diagnosis and differential of inherited skin disorders to which generalists, paediatricians, dermatologists, and geneticists can refer during an examination. The new edition reflects the most up-to-date understanding of the molecular and genetic bases of heritable skin diseases. Each chapter describes the signs and symptoms of heritable skin diseases and enumerates pertinent associated clinical features and differential diagnoses. Non-dermatological signs are symptoms round out the information on each condition. Where appropriate, descriptions of histopathology at both the light and electron microscopic levels are included. Over 800 full-colour photographs illustrate the concepts discussed in the text. Annotated bibliographies at the end of each section direct readers to more extensive sources, and an updated listing of support groups for patients and their families supplements the resources for medical professionals.
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Veale, Douglas James. Clinical features and immunohistochemical studies of the skin and synovial membrane in psoriatic arthritis. 1992.
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Pang, Changhyun, Chanseok Lee, Hoon Eui Jeong, and Kahp-Yang Suh. Skin and dry adhesion. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199674923.003.0022.
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Close observation of various attachment systems in animal skins has revealed various exquisite multi-scale architectures for essential functions such as locomotion, crawling, mating, and protection from predators. Some of these adhesion systems of geckos and beetles have unique structural features (e.g. high-aspect ratio, tilted angle, and hierarchical nanostructure), resulting in mechanical interlocking mediated by van der Waals forces or liquid secretion (capillary force). In this chapter, we present an overview of recent advances in bio-inspired, artificial dry adhesives, and biomimetics in the context of nanofabrication and material properties. In addition, relevant bio-inspired structural materials, devices (clean transportation device, interlocker, biomedical skin patch, and flexible strain-gauge sensor) and microrobots are briefly introduced, which would shed light on future smart, directional, and reversible adhesion systems.
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Freer, Phoebe E. Skin and Trabecular Thickening. Edited by Christoph I. Lee, Constance D. Lehman, and Lawrence W. Bassett. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190270261.003.0048.
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Normal skin measures 0.5–2 mm thick, but may be thicker in the periareolar, axillary, parasternal, and inframammary fold regions. Trabecular thickening—thickening of the Cooper’s ligaments and fibrous stroma—is an imaging finding of breast edema, usually secondary to dilated lymphatics. Their differential diagnosis may be narrowed by considering the distribution of the findings; for example, considering if the finding is focal or diffuse, or if the process is unilateral or bilateral. This chapter reviews the key imaging and clinical features of skin and trabecular thickening. Skin thickening and trabecular thickening often occur together, and they have similar differential diagnoses. The differential diagnosis will be reviewed based on distribution (unilateral vs. bilateral, focal vs. diffuse). Topics discussed include mastitis, inflammatory cancer, systemic causes of edema (congestive heart failure), and other rare presentations of disease such as lymphoma and granulomatous mastitis.
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Balzac, Honoré de, and Patrick Coleman. The Wild Ass's Skin. Translated by Helen Constantine. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/owc/9780199579501.001.0001.
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‘Who possesses me will possess all things, But his life will belong to me. . .’ Raphael de Valentin, a young aristocrat, has lost all his money in the gaming parlours of the Palais Royal in Paris, and contemplates ending his life by throwing himself into the Seine. He is distracted by the bizarre array of objects in a chaotic antique shop, among them a strange animal skin, a piece of shagreen with magical properties. It will grant its possessor his every wish, but each time a wish is bestowed the skin shrinks, hastening its owner's death. Around this fantastic premise Balzac weaves a compelling psychological portrait of his hero, a prisoner of his own Promethean imagination, and explores profound ideas about the human will, vice and virtue, love and death. Helen Constantine's new translation captures the energy and exuberance of Balzac's novel, one of the most engaging of his 'Études philosophiques' from the Comédie humaine. The accompanying introduction and notes offer fresh insights into this remarkable work. ABOUT THE SERIES: For over 100 years Oxford World's Classics has made available the widest range of literature from around the globe. Each affordable volume reflects Oxford's commitment to scholarship, providing the most accurate text plus a wealth of other valuable features, including expert introductions by leading authorities, helpful notes to clarify the text, up-to-date bibliographies for further study, and much more.
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Sybert, Virginia P. Other Disorders. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190276478.003.0009.
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Chapter 9 covers Congenital Erosive and Vesicular Dermatosis, Erythermalgia, Michelin Tire Baby, and Stiff Skin. Each condition is discussed in detail, including dermatologic features, associated anomalies, histopathology, basic defect, treatment, mode of inheritance, prenatal diagnosis, and differential diagnosis.
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Boehncke, Wolf-Henning, and Dafna D. Gladman. Extra-articular manifestations: psoriasis. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198734444.003.0018.
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Psoriasis is a chronic, recurrent inflammatory skin disease, affecting about 2% of the world’s population. In 2014, the World Health Organization’s member states adopted a resolution on psoriasis, recognizing it as ‘a chronic, non-communicable, painful, disfiguring, and disabling disease for which there is no cure’. The resolution acknowledges the psychosocial burden of the disease and that many people with psoriasis suffer due to lack of awareness and access to sufficient treatment. Psoriasis is a multifaceted disease including not only a variety of skin lesions, but also joint manifestations and comorbidities. This chapter focuses on the clinical features of psoriasis of the skin and its underlying pathogenesis, taking into account the current status of genetic research in the field. It also describes psoriatic arthritis, as well as the association of psoriasis with spondyloarthritis.
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Beattie, R. Mark, Anil Dhawan, and John W.L. Puntis. Metabolic liver disease. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198569862.003.0054.
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Background 390Clinical features 390Investigations 392Clinical presentations of metabolic disorders 394General management 402The diagnostic approach to a child with metabolic liver disease requires a high degree of suspicion, detailed history and physical examination, and extensive blood and urine tests; liver, skin, and muscle biopsy are usually necessary to establish the diagnosis....
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Spittell, Peter C. Vascular Diseases. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199755691.003.0728.
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Peripheral vascular diseases, such as aneurysmal disease, intermittent claudication, acute arterial occlusion, and thromboangiitis, are prevalent in current medical practice. Vasospastic disorders, another class of vascular disease, are characterized by episodic color changes of the skin resulting from intermittent spasm of the small arteries and arterioles of the skin and digits. Vasospastic disorders are important because they frequently are a clue to another underlying disorder, such as arterial occlusive disease, connective tissue disorders, neurologic disorders, or endocrine disease. Characteristic clinical features, accurate diagnostic techniques, and improved treatment of peripheral vascular disease further emphasize the need for increased awareness of this group of disorders.
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Miller, Aaron E., and Teresa M. DeAngelis. Dermatomyositis. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199732920.003.0020.
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Dermatomyositis (DM) is not purely a disorder of muscle and skin, but may affect multiple organs with cardiac, pulmonary, and gastrointestinal features. In this chapter, we review the clinical manifestations of DM as well as its occurrence as a paraneoplastic phenonomenon. In addition, we discuss the diagnostic modalities and outline therapeutic recommendations.
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Holbrook, Anna I. Dystrophic Calcifications. Edited by Christoph I. Lee, Constance D. Lehman, and Lawrence W. Bassett. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190270261.003.0033.
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Dystrophic calcifications are typically large (usually >1 mm), coarse, irregular or plaque-like and associated with lucent centers. They also may be thin, smooth, and round or oval, with lucent centers, called “rim” (previously also known as “eggshell”) calcifications. They form in response to trauma, including surgery or irradiation. They can be seen in association with other findings of breast trauma, including surgical clips, architectural distortion, skin retraction, skin thickening, oil cysts, or trabecular thickening. This chapter, appearing in the section on calcifications, reviews the key imaging and clinical features, imaging protocols, differential diagnoses, and management recommendations for dystrophic calcifications. Topics discussed include findings after breast trauma or surgery/radiation treatment and the evolution of fat necrosis.
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Price, Dr Nicholas, and Dr John L. Klein. Infectious diseases and emergencies. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199565979.003.0006.
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Chapter 6 covers infectious diseases and emergencies, including clinical features, history, and examination, the febrile patient with skin lesions or rash, hospital-acquired (nosocomial), infections, classic viral exanthems and mumps, ‘mononucleosis’ syndromes, fungal infections, fever in the returning traveller, fever of unknown origin (FUO), principles and practice of antibiotic use, public health aspects of infectious disease, malaria, meningococcal disease, infections in pregnancy, vascular access device-associated infection, and toxic shock syndrome.
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Luqmani, Raashid. Vasculitis. Edited by Patrick Davey and David Sprigings. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199568741.003.0272.
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The vasculitides are a heterogeneous group of disorders that can range from mild inflammation of blood vessels in the skin, to organ- and life-threatening diseases. The term ‘vasculitis’ is a pathological description of blood vessel wall inflammation which leads to ischaemia and infarction of the target organs. Definitions and classifications of the primary vasculitides are mainly based on the predominant calibre of the blood vessels involved but incorporate clinical, pathological, and laboratory features. The secondary vasculitides usually occur in the context of other connective tissue diseases and are not discussed further in this section. Goodpasture’s disease is not usually included in the primary vasculitides, but has compatible clinical features of pulmonary capillaritis and glomerulonephritis.
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Winkler, Nicole S. Nipple Discharge. Edited by Christoph I. Lee, Constance D. Lehman, and Lawrence W. Bassett. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190270261.003.0044.
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Nipple discharge refers to expressible or spontaneous drainage of fluid from one or more duct orifices of the nipple. Discharge indicates excess fluid secretion into one or more ducts that will drain through an unobstructed duct orifice onto the nipple skin. The fluid content and appearance are important as they have clinical implications. Nipple discharge that is clear or bloody, unilateral (typically uniductal) and spontaneous (fluid discharges without breast or nipple compression) is considered suspicious for malignancy, though most cases are due to benign papillomas. This chapter, appearing in the section on nipple, skin and lymph nodes, reviews the key clinical features, associated imaging findings, imaging protocols and pitfalls, differential diagnoses, and management recommendations for patients presenting with nipple discharge. Topics discussed include clinical evaluation of nipple discharge, sonographic evaluation of ducts and nipple, ductography, intraductal mass, and papilloma.
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Winkler, Nicole S. Nipple Abnormalities. Edited by Christoph I. Lee, Constance D. Lehman, and Lawrence W. Bassett. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190270261.003.0045.
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New nipple retraction and new nipple inversion can be secondary to malignancy, post-surgical change, inflammation, or infection. Paget disease of the nipple is characterized by an inflammatory response of the nipple epidermis to malignant cells extending from ductal carcinoma in the lactiferous sinus. A mass arising within the nipple is rare and usually a variant of a papilloma arising in the nipple (nipple adenoma). This chapter, appearing in the section on nipple, skin, and lymph nodes, reviews the key clinical features, associated imaging findings, imaging protocols and pitfalls, differential diagnoses, and management recommendations for patients presenting with nipple retraction. Topics discussed include imaging features of nipple retraction, both benign and malignant causes of nipple retraction, Paget disease of the nipple, and masses occurring in the nipple.
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Russell, Richard. The Illusion of Sex. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199794607.003.0088.
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In the Illusion of Sex, an androgynous face has been manipulated to have increased or decreased contrast between its features and the surrounding skin. This manipulation makes the face appear male or female. The Illusion of Sex works by manipulating the luminance contrast between the eyes and lips and the rest of the face. It has been shown that manipulating it affects the attractiveness of male and female faces differently. In particular, female faces are more attractive with facial contrast increased than decreased, while male faces are more attractive with facial contrast decreased than increased. This effect of facial contrast on attractiveness is a result of a naturally occurring sex difference in facial contrast. The illusion demonstrates the importance of this kind of contrast for the perception of gender and is related to typical cosmetics use, which involves the darkening of the eyes and lips relative to the surrounding skin.
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Stein, Matthew A. Lymphadenopathy. Edited by Christoph I. Lee, Constance D. Lehman, and Lawrence W. Bassett. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190270261.003.0051.
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Lymphadenopathy is a pathological or abnormal state of one or more lymph nodes in a nodal basin that occurs in response to pathogens, immunogens, or malignant cells that are detected within the lymph. Malignant lymphadenopathy may be detected by physical exam and/or imaging findings, but it is ultimately confirmed or excluded by histological evaluation. This chapter, appearing in the section on nipple, skin, and lymph nodes, reviews key imaging and clinical features, imaging protocols and pitfalls, differential diagnoses, and management recommendations of lymphadenopathy detected by mammography, tomosynthesis, and ultrasound (US). Topics include the anatomy and physiology of breast lymphatic function, the anatomy and imaging features of lymph nodes, differential diagnosis of lymphadenopathy, and the imaging assessment of the axillary nodal basin in the context of known breast cancer.
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Tapp, Loren C., and Boris D. Lushniak. Skin Disorders. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190662677.003.0028.
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This chapter describes skin disorders primarily associated with hazardous workplace exposures. These exposures include physical insults, chemical substances, and biological agents that effect the skin by direct contact. Chapter sections feature contact dermatitis, contact urticaria, dermatologic infectious diseases, and skin cancer. All sections include a discussion of public health importance, populations at risk, diagnosis, etiologic agents, and prevention based on a recent review of the scientific literature. National data sources provided incidence and prevalence rates for each of these major categories of skin disorders, although some categories had limited data. Contact dermatitis is the most common occupational skin disorder and has been studied more extensively than the other skin disorders. Thus, the contact dermatitis section is more detailed than the other sections and includes data on economic impact and prognosis of occupational contact dermatitis.
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Stein, Matthew A. Complex Cystic and Solid Mass. Edited by Christoph I. Lee, Constance D. Lehman, and Lawrence W. Bassett. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190270261.003.0047.
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The breast ultrasound (US) finding known as “complex mass” has undergone a labeling revision with the fifth edition of the BI-RADS Atlas and is now designated as complex cystic and solid mass (CCSM). The updated BI-RADS sought to unambiguously define and differentiate an actionable finding often requiring biopsy from a lesser finding requiring, at most, imaging follow-up to confirm expected stability. This chapter, appearing in the section on nipple, skin and lymph nodes, reviews key imaging and clinical features, imaging protocols and pitfalls, differential diagnosis, and clinical recommendations for complex cystic and solid masses. Topics include the rationale for the updated BI-RADS lexicon, the important differentiation of a complex cystic and solid mass from a complicated cyst, and a framework for the differentiation and management of actionable and non-actionable masses with complex cystic and solid features at ultrasound.
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Krueger, Darcy A., and Jamie Capal. Familial CNS Tumor Syndromes. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199937837.003.0136.
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Tuberous sclerosis complex is an autosomal dominant multi-system disease that involves the skin, brain, heart, lungs, and kidneys and is associated with seizures including infantile spasms, intellectual disability, autism and pulmonary and heart disease. Skin lesions can be particularly disfiguring and infantile spasms can be associated with marked cognitive decline. The outlook for patients has improved markedly with the recognition that TSC is caused by upregulation of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) enzyme, which connects energy needs and supply with cellular and neuronal growth. mTOR is upregulated in TSC because of mutations in hamartin or tuberin, which normally serve as a brake on mTOR. The drug rapamycin is commonly used as an immunosuppressive for patients undergoing kidney transplants; it has also found a new use in patients with TSC. Although the drug is immunosuppressive for non-TSC patients, careful titration of the drug in TSC patients corrects its upregulation but is not particulary immunosuppressive. Additional mTOR inhibitors such as everolimus have been developed and have been shown to be effective for pulmonary disease associated with TSC. Rapamycin in ointment form is dramatically effective in suppressing skin lesions of TSC and studies are underway to test the effect of mTOR inhibitors on seizures, brain tubers, intellect, and features of autism. Infantile spasms associated with TSC are very responsive to vigabatrin.
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Sanders, Mark. Photographic Field Guide to Australian Frogs. CSIRO Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/9781486313266.
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Australia is home to more than 240 species of frogs, many of which cannot be found anywhere else in the world.
The Photographic Field Guide to Australian Frogs provides readers with the tools to confidently identify 242 species and five recognised subspecies. It includes detailed information on the distribution, habitat preferences and call of each frog species, as well as fully illustrated keys to genera to assist with identification. Multiple photographs of each species show variation in colour and pattern as well as features used for identification such as thigh colouration, skin texture, belly colour and patterning, eye colour and extent of webbing between the toes.
With a strong focus on illustrating variation and key diagnostic features, this guide will enable frog enthusiasts, environmental professionals and research scientists to identify Australian frog species with a high level of confidence.
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Stein, Matthew A. Thrombophlebitis (Mondor Disease). Edited by Christoph I. Lee, Constance D. Lehman, and Lawrence W. Bassett. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190270261.003.0052.
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This chapter, appearing in the section on nipple, skin, and lymph nodes, reviews the key imaging and clinical features, imaging protocols and pitfalls, differential diagnosis, and clinical recommendations of superficial thrombophlebitis of the breast and anterior chest wall (Mondor disease). The condition is quite rare; incidence rates in the literature are reported as being less than 0.1%. Mondor disease is often temporally associated with a history of recent breast surgery, core needle biopsy, inflammatory process, or episode of trauma. Topics in this chapter include discussions of the incidence of Mondor disease, its presumptive pathophysiology, typical and atypical clinical/imaging presentations, and management considerations.
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Winkler, Nicole S. Intracystic/Intraductal Mass. Edited by Christoph I. Lee, Constance D. Lehman, and Lawrence W. Bassett. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190270261.003.0046.
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This chapter, appearing in the section on nipple, skin, and lymph nodes, reviews the key clinical features, associated imaging findings, imaging protocols and pitfalls, differential diagnoses, and management recommendations for intracystic and intraductal masses. The differential diagnoses of intraductal and intracystic masses are similar, with papilloma the most common cause for both. Therefore, we review descriptive terms for both together, with similar implications and management recommendations. Intracystic masses have a higher association with malignancy than intraductal masses, due in part to overlap of imaging appearances of intracystic mass and complex cystic and solid mass. Topics discussed include intraductal and intracystic masses, evaluation of ducts, papilloma, papillary carcinoma and nipple discharge.
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Kilik, Jon. Skins. First Look Home Entertainment, 2003.
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Kilik, Jon. Skins. First Look Home Entertainment, 2003.
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Kelly, Megan M., and Katharine A. Phillips. Phenomenology and Epidemiology of Body Dysmorphic Disorder. Edited by Gail Steketee. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195376210.013.0018.
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Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is an often severe DSM-IV disorder characterized by distressing or impairing preoccupations with imagined or slight defects in appearance. Individuals with BDD suffer from time-consuming obsessions about their bodily appearance and excessive repetitive behaviors (for example, mirror checking, excessive grooming, and skin picking). Functioning and quality of life are typically very poor, and suicidality rates appear markedly elevated. While prevalence data are still limited, they suggest that BDD affects 0.7% to 2.4% of the population; however, BDD typically goes unrecognized in clinical settings. In this chapter we discuss demographic and clinical features of BDD, prevalence, and morbidity. In addition, we discuss BDD’s relationship to obsessive compulsive disorder, hypochondriasis, and psychotic disorders.
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Balhara, Kamna S., Basem F. Khishfe, and Jamil D. Bayram. Sepsis. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199976805.003.0004.
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Sepsis is a clinical syndrome characterized by systemic inflammation in the presence of infection. The source of infection may be occult. One must be aware of the epidemiology, presenting features and complications, diagnostic considerations and tests, and the organisms involved. Bacteria (gram positive and negative) are most commonly associated with sepsis, although fungi, viruses, and parasites can cause sepsis. Infections in the lungs, urinary tract, abdomen, skin, brain, and other areas can cause bacteremia and lead to sepsis. Treatment includes airway, breathing, and circulation (ABCs) management; aggressive fluid resuscitation; early administration of broad-spectrum antibiotics; and early goal-directed therapy and severe sepsis resuscitation bundle. Diagnosis can be challenging in pediatric and geriatric populations.
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Fuchs, Karlheinz, and Manuel Fuchs. The Reptile Skin, A Key-Feature in the Identifications of Lizards and Snakes. Serpent's Tale NHBD/Edition Chimaira, 2003.
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Coates, Laura C., and Philip S. Helliwell. Psoriatic arthritis. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199642489.003.0114.
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Psoriasis is a chronic skin condition affecting about 3% of Europeans and North Americans. About 15% of people afflicted with psoriasis will develop psoriatic arthritis—cutaneous risk factors for this are psoriasis of the nails, scalp, and flexures. Since most cases of arthritis develop in people with psoriasis, new screening tools, both clinical and imaging, are available. Some genetic factors may also explain susceptibility and severity. Historically, five clinical subgroups have been described but these may be simplified to axial and peripheral involvement, the latter dividing into oligo- and polyarticular patterns. The importance of these clinical subdivisions is still under debate and research but it is clear that there is marked heterogeneity in all manifestations of this disease. In recent times the importance of extra-articular features has gained prominence such that the metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular morbidity are now seen as important features of 'psoriatic disease'. The diverse changes seen in bone on imaging reflect both the underlying pathogenic mechanisms and the ways in which the disease progresses. Recent work with animal models and immunohistochemistry has further advanced our understanding of these features. In the biologic era renewed interest in psoriatic arthritis has stimulated research into outcome assessment and permitted clearer understanding of how these new drugs work on the different aspects of the disease. In addition, improved recognition of the impact of the disease on the person has stimulated the development of new patient-reported outcome tools.
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Coates, Laura C., and Philip S. Helliwell. Psoriatic arthritis. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199642489.003.0114_update_003.
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Psoriasis is a chronic skin condition affecting about 3% of Europeans and North Americans. About 15% of people afflicted with psoriasis will develop psoriatic arthritis—cutaneous risk factors for this are psoriasis of the nails, scalp, and flexures. Since most cases of arthritis develop in people with psoriasis, new screening tools, both clinical and imaging, are available. Some genetic factors may also explain susceptibility and severity. Historically, five clinical subgroups have been described but these may be simplified to axial and peripheral involvement, the latter dividing into oligo- and polyarticular patterns. The importance of these clinical subdivisions is still under debate and research but it is clear that there is marked heterogeneity in all manifestations of this disease. In recent times the importance of extra-articular features has gained prominence such that the metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular morbidity are now seen as important features of ’psoriatic disease’. The diverse changes seen in bone on imaging reflect both the underlying pathogenic mechanisms and the ways in which the disease progresses. Recent work with animal models and immunohistochemistry has further advanced our understanding of these features. In the biologic era renewed interest in psoriatic arthritis has stimulated research into outcome assessment and permitted clearer understanding of how these new drugs work on the different aspects of the disease. In addition, improved recognition of the impact of the disease on the person has stimulated the development of new patient-reported outcome tools.
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Horvath, Laura J. Reduction Mammoplasty. Edited by Christoph I. Lee, Constance D. Lehman, and Lawrence W. Bassett. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190270261.003.0061.
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Reduction mammoplasty is a surgical procedure performed to decrease breast size. Breast parenchyma and skin are resected, and the nipple is repositioned to a more superior location on the smaller breast mound. The goals of the procedure are to alleviate a variety of physical and psychological complaints. Because women with a history of reduction surgery are commonly seen for screening mammography and other breast imaging studies, it is important to be aware of the normal post-operative appearance. This chapter, appearing in the section on intervention and surgical change, reviews the key imaging and clinical features, imaging protocols and pitfalls, differential diagnoses, and management recommendations for reduction mammoplasty. Topics discussed include clinical indications, surgical technique, and benign post-operative changes, including scars, oil cysts, fat necrosis, and calcifications.
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Keene, Danya E. Qualitative Methods and Neighborhood Health Research. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190843496.003.0007.
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This chapter discusses qualitative methods in neighborhood health research, including the use of individual interviews, focus groups, and participant observation. The majority of studies examining the role of neighborhoods and health outcomes have been quantitative in nature. However, qualitative methods offer an important contribution to our understanding of how neighborhoods shape health and well-being. By drawing on resident perspectives and observations of daily life to illuminate complex and often previously unknown processes, qualitative methods can help to shed light on how places shape health behavior, how place affects access to health risks and resources, or how experiences of place may get under the skin to affect health. These methods can also provide insight into the agency of residents who actively engage with the structural features of their environment.
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Heidet, Laurence, Bertrand Knebelmann, and Marie Claire Gubler. Alport syndrome. Edited by Neil Turner. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199592548.003.0323.
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The diagnosis of Alport syndrome is suspected from the clinical features and confirmed by identifying the almost pathognomonic ultrastructural changes to the basement membrane in a family member with early disease (so that glomeruli are not too sclerosed), or in modern times by identifying a causative mutation in one or more of the three implicated COL4 genes. Genetic testing is becoming simpler and cheaper, but is still out of the reach of many. Eighty-five per cent of cases are caused by COL4A5 mutations and 10–15% by autosomal recessive disease. A significant proportion of morbidity in X-linked disease occurs in female ‘carriers’ heterozygous for the disease. Changes by light microscopy are non-specific, and can be misleading unless accompanied by electron microscopy. Immunohistology can be helpful but may not be definitive as some causative mutations are not associated with absence of protein product. As COL4A5 is expressed in skin, skin studies are theoretically useful, but they are technically challenging and only a definite negative result is helpful. It is important to distinguish other disorders causing renal disease with deafness, and other causes of glomerular haematuria. Two rare syndromes are caused by extended deletions beyond the COL4A5 gene: X-linked Alport syndrome with diffuse oesophageal leiomyomatosis in which smooth muscle leoimyomas is transmitted in a dominant fashion, and X-linked Alport syndrome with mental retardation.
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Winkler, Nicole S. Duct Ectasia. Edited by Christoph I. Lee, Constance D. Lehman, and Lawrence W. Bassett. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190270261.003.0043.
Full textAbstract:
Duct ectasia is a term used to describe benign dilation of fluid-filled mammary ducts. Duct ectasia is characterized by tubular fluid-filled structures >2 mm in diameter that are commonly bilateral and subareolar in location. Ductal dilation is due to weakened wall elasticity that occurs with age. The ducts fill with secretions that may result in intermittent nipple discharge or chronic inflammation. When duct ectasia involves multiple ducts bilaterally, it can be dismissed on screening mammography; however, a solitary dilated duct should be further evaluated, given the potential for associated non-calcified DCIS. This chapter, appearing in the section on nipple, skin, and lymph nodes, reviews the key imaging and clinical features, imaging protocols and pitfalls, differential diagnoses, and management recommendations for duct ectasia. Topics discussed include solitary dilated duct, nipple discharge, and sonographic evaluation of ducts.
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Coward, John M. Posing the Indian. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252040269.003.0002.
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This chapter examines Indian portraits, one of the earliest and most common ways that Indian faces and bodies came to the pages of the illustrated press. Stereotyping was a routine part of this representational process. Indian portraits emphasized Indian physiognomy, especially facial features that marked the subjects as Indians—dark skin, dark hair, prominent noses, and high cheekbones. These illustrations also highlighted cultural signs such as feathers, necklaces and beads, blankets, and buckskin clothing. In some cases, photographs were altered to remove non-Indians or to shift the subject from the studio to the plains. In all these ways the illustrated press portraits staged Indians for public scrutiny with little ambiguity about their racial identity. This sort of representation reinforced racial differences, placing Indians in an inferior racial category and making distinctions between civilized whites and “savage” Indians that no nineteenth-century reader was likely to miss.
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Robinson, Max, Keith Hunter, Michael Pemberton, and Philip Sloan. Soames' & Southam's Oral Pathology. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199697786.001.0001.
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A sound understanding of clinical oral pathology is essential if a dental clinician is to navigate successfully through clinical guidelines, make timely referrals to specialists, and provide good care for patients. This new edition of Soames' & Southam's Oral Pathology provides a clear and friendly guide for students, practitioners, and the whole dental team. Thoroughly updated for today's clinical practice, this textbook covers 'must-know' oral pathology and integrates key aspects of oral medicine. It begins by explaining the principles of clinical assessment, the synthesis of a differential diagnosis, and the selection of further investigations including laboratory tests. Ten chapters bring this theory to life by looking at the clinical and pathological features of a wide range of common oral diseases including oral cancer, salivary gland disorders, and diseases of the jaws. Two new chapters address skin diseases affecting the oro-facial region and neck lumps. A final chapter highlights the importance of clinical oral pathology in the context of systemic human disease. New radiology content includes examples of cross-sectional imaging. Photomicrographs have been replaced with carefully selected images to illustrate key pathological features. Each chapter includes key points boxes and tables to aid learning. Written by experts in both oral pathology and oral medicine, this new edition is a must-have for dentistry students, and those working in the field, providing current and trustworthy information.
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Schechter, Marcos. Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers (Ebola, Lassa, Hantavirus). Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199976805.003.0066.
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Viral hemorrhagic fever (VHF) designates diseases caused by enveloped, single-stranded RNA viruses belonging to the families Ebola, Lassa, Hantavirus, and yellow fever. Unifying features include fever, capillary leak, and coagulation defects. These viruses can affect all organ systems; transmission occurs via contact with rodent excretions, either by ingestion or through mucosa or non-intact skin. Aerosolized rodent urine and saliva are also infectious. Person-to-person spread has been documented in Lassa and Machupo viruses, both by direct contact with bodily fluids and by airborne transmission. Thrombocytopenia is a common laboratory finding. Most acutely ill patients have high concentrations of virus in the blood as measured by polymerase chain reaction assay. Clinical differentiation between the various causes of VHF is difficult. Care is supportive. No antiviral drug, including ribavirin, has activity against these viruses. Most of these diseases do not occur naturally in the United States; however, some are considered viable for bioterrorism.
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Pediatric ICD-10-CM. American Academy of Pediatrics, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/9781581109016.
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In this first edition, Pediatric ICD-10-CM: A Manual for Provider-Based Coding strives to bring to the pediatric provider, coder, and biller the most accurate and easy-to use manual on ICD-10-CM yet. Composed entirely with a pediatrics focus, this manual exclusively features codes and guidelines for physician- and provider-based coding, all in a simplified yet familiar format. The full draft of the ICD-10-CM code set comes in at well over 1,000 pages. This book condenses that large and potentially cumbersome book into 400 pages of the most relevant,pediatrics-related codes and guidelines. It also fully integrates into the tabular list specific chapter and code guidelines. Guideline are now included directly at the chapter and code level, ensuring that coders will always use the right codes in right circumstances Features include Integrated codes and guidelines Simplified yet familiar layout Tabular and indexed navigation Pediatric-focused and provider-based guidance And more... Contents Include: ICD-10-CM Official Guidelines for Coding and Reporting: FY 2015 Certain Infectious and Parasitic Diseases (A00-B99) Neoplasms (C00-D49) Diseases of the Blood and Blood-Forming Organs and Certain Disorders Involving the Immune Mechanism (D50-D89) Endocrine, Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases (E00-E89) Mental, Behavioral and Neurodevelopmental Disorders (F01-F99) Diseases of the Nervous System (G00-G99) Diseases of the Eye and Adnexa (H00-H59) Diseases of the Ear and Mastoid Process (H60-H95) Diseases of the Circulatory System (I00-I99) Diseases of the Respiratory System (J00-J99) Diseases of the Digestive System (K00-K95) Diseases of the Skin and Subcutaneous Tissue (L00-L99) Diseases of the Musculoskeletal System and Connective Tissue (M00-M99) Diseases of the Genitourinary System (N00-N99) Pregnancy, Childbirth, Certain Conditions Originating in the Perinatal Period (P00-P99) Congenital Malformations, Deformations and Chromosomal Abnormalities (Q00-Q99) Symptoms, Signs, and Abnormal Clinical and Laboratory Findings (R00-R99) Injury, Poisoning and Consequences of Certain Other External Causes (S00-T88) External Causes of Morbidity (V00-Y99) Factors Influencing Health Status and Contact With Health Services (Z00-Z99)
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Borron, Stephen W. Management of cyanide poisoning. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0326.
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Acute cyanide poisoning poses vital diagnostic and therapeutic challenges for emergency physicians and intensivists. While it presents certain unique clinical features, cyanide poisoning may be confused with other entities. Definitive, contemporaneous diagnosis at the bedside is impossible in most hospitals. A thorough anamnesis, rapid physical assessment, and evaluation of key laboratory indicators often point the clinician in the right direction. Smoke inhalation from structure fires represents the most frequent source of cyanide poisoning. Symptom onset may be gradual in the case of skin exposures to cyanide or ingestion of compounds that are metabolized to cyanide. However, acute cyanide poisoning presents as a syndrome of rapidly evolving and deteriorating vital signs, profound neurological and cardiovascular dysfunction, and if therapeutic interventions are not timely and adapted, death. There is little time for diagnostic testing: one must act! The sine qua non of treatment is excellent supportive care, with aggressive airway management, support of blood pressure, and correction of acidosis. Treatment of acidosis is particularly relevant in the case of cyanide. Rapid administration of specific cyanide antidotes may be lifesaving. While geographic variations exist in antidote availability, most commercially available antidotes have been demonstrated to be effective. Hydroxocobalamin and sodium thiosulphate, both safe in the setting of smoke inhalation, offer the highest therapeutic index, a critical consideration when the diagnosis is uncertain.