Relevant bibliographies by topics / Skin equivalent

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Skin equivalent'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 29 June 2021
Last updated: 26 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Skin equivalent"

1

Rowling, P. J. E., M. J. Raxworthy, E. J. Wood, J. N. Kearny, and W. J. Cunliffe. "Biological skin equivalent." Burns 15, no. 1 (February 1989): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0305-4179(89)90076-4.

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Maruguchi, Tomoko, Yukiya Maruguchi, Shigehiko Suzuki, Kazuya Matsuda, Ken-Ichi Toda, and Nobuhiko Isshiki. "A New Skin Equivalent." Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery 93, no. 3 (March 1994): 537–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006534-199403000-00014.

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Maruguchi, Tomoko, Yukiya Maruguchi, Shigehiko Suzuki, Kazuya Matsuda, Ken-Ichi Toda, and Nobuhiko Isshiki. "A New Skin Equivalent." Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery 93, no. 3 (March 1994): 545–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006534-199403000-00015.

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Maruguchi, Tomoko, Yukiya Maruguchi, Shigehiko Suzuki, Kazuya Matsuda, Ken-Ichi Toda, and Nobuhiko Isshiki. "A New Skin Equivalent." Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery 93, no. 3 (March 1994): 537–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006534-199493030-00014.

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Maruguchi, Tomoko, Yukiya Maruguchi, Shigehiko Suzuki, Kazuya Matsuda, Ken-Ichi Toda, and Nobuhiko Isshiki. "A New Skin Equivalent." Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery 93, no. 3 (March 1994): 545–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006534-199493030-00015.

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Bouvard, Véronique, Lucie Germain, Pierre Rompré, Brigitte Roy, and François A. Auger. "Influence of dermal equivalent maturation on the development of a cultured skin equivalent." Biochemistry and Cell Biology 70, no. 1 (January 1, 1992): 34–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/o92-005.

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Histologic and immunofluorescence methods were used to analyse the presence of fibronectin, chondroitin-4-sulphate and chondroitin-6-sulphate, type III and IV collagens, laminin, and keratins to assess the maturation level of cultured dermal and skin equivalents. In a first phase, fibroblasts in monolayer culture were compared with dermal equivalents in which fibroblasts are embedded in a type I collagen gel. Different fluorescent patterns were observed depending on the culture system used. A sequential appearance of macromolecules was noticed in dermal equivalents. Fibronectin was first detected after 4 days of culture, whereas chondroitin-4-sulphate and chondroitin-6-sulphate and type III collagen were present after 7 days. In contrast, all three macromolecules were detected at 24 h of culture in fibroblastic monolayer cultures. In a second phase, the quality of our skin equivalents was evaluated according to the seeding time of epidermal cells upon dermal equivalents (1, 4, or 7 days). A satisfactory stratification was obtained when keratinocytes were seeded after 4 and 7 days of dermal equivalent culture. Laminin and fibronectin were detected at the dermo-epidermal junction, but type IV collagen was absent. Various keratins, as detected by the AE1, AE2, and AE3 antibodies, were present in the epidermal layer. Following keratinocyte confluence, a change in the organization pattern of type III collagen in the dermal fraction of the skin equivalent was also noticed. Our comparative results show that seeding of epidermal cells on a more mature dermal equivalent leads to improved differentiation status of the epidermal layer.Key words: collagen lattice, fibroblast, skin equivalent, dermal equivalent, maturation.
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Vu Dinh, T., B. Cabon, and J. Chilo. "New skin-effect equivalent circuit." Electronics Letters 26, no. 19 (1990): 1582. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el:19901015.

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De, Sumit K., Ernane D. Reis, and Morris D. Kerstein. "Wound Treatment with Human Skin Equivalent." Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association 92, no. 1 (January 1, 2002): 19–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.7547/87507315-92-1-19.

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Skin grafting provides an effective means of closing chronic wounds. Autografts and allografts are used most often in skin grafting, but Apligraf, a tissue-engineered bilayered human skin equivalent, provides another safe and effective grafting option for treating diabetic, venous, and pressure ulcers. This skin equivalent has an epidermis and dermis similar to human skin, largely due to its derivation from neonatal foreskin. Apligraf is also easily accessible and has shown little immunoreactivity. (J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 92(1): 19-23, 2002)
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Rogovaya, O. S., E. S. Chermnykh, E. O. Osidak, E. V. Kiseleva, A. L. Rippa, A. A. Ryabinin, A. K. Beilin, N. G. Gurskaya, and E. A. Vorotelyak. "RECONSTRUCTION OF FUNCTIONAL EQUIVALENTS OF THE SKIN USING CELL AND TISSUE TECHNOLOGIES." http://eng.biomos.ru/conference/articles.htm 1, no. 19 (2021): 193–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.37747/2312-640x-2021-19-193-194.

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The work is based on obtaining a living skin equivalent based on a three-dimensional scaffold consisting of type I collagen and other components of the extracellular matrix. The composition of the equivalent includes dermal and epidermal cells, it significantly accelerates and normalizes the healing process of chronic wounds. The living equivalent of the skin is a start for the further development of tissue-engineered constructs-analogs of skin and equivalents of other human tissues: at present, in particular, work is underway to study the stromal fractions of the dermis to control epithelial-mesenchymal interactions in vitro.
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English, Kathleen B., naida Stayner, Gerald Krueger, and Robert P. Tuckett. "Tactile function in skin-equivalent grafts." Experimental Neurology 115, no. 1 (January 1992): 104–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0014-4886(92)90230-n.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Skin equivalent"

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Lemmens, Joseph M. H. "3D reconstructed skin equivalent models for irritant testing." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2016. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/13807/.

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Acute skin irritation is the reversible inflammatory response of the epidermis to a topically applied irritant substance. A tissue engineered model of the epidermis is used to test chemicals. The degree of development of the model needs to be carefully judged in order to get the correct proportion of proliferating through to differentiated phenotypes for normal function. This judgement typically necessitates over sensitive models with an underdeveloped barrier functionality, as opposed to an insensitive model due to terminal differentiation and low numbers of basal keratinocytes. It has been reported that the lack of proliferative epidermal cells in cultures may be due to the absence of fibroblasts. Paracrine signalling in response to potential irritants is required for propagating an acute inflammatory response. The aim of this thesis is to develop a skin model using a Three Dimensional scaffold that accurately mimics the micro-environment at the DEJ, for supporting keratinocyte and fibroblast self-organisation. We hypothesise that it takes a full thickness skin model with a complete cascade of inflammatory stimuli and cytokine signalling to provide a real indication of irritation. Initial studies focused on Alvetex® (Reinnervate Ltd.), a highly porous polystyrene scaffold, with the aim of developing a skin model using the immortalised cell line HaCaT (human adult low calcium high temperature) keratinocytes or NhKs, in co-culture with dermal fibroblasts. Skin models using electrospun biodegradable polymer scaffolds made of Poly L-lactide (PLLA) and a Poly L-lactide/Polyhydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyvalerate/Poly L-lactide (PLLA/PHBV/PLLA) composites were then developed. Issues with achieving epidermal-dermal separation in the Alvetex® scaffold due to keratinocyte entrapment lead to an Alvetex®-PHBV Bilayer. Concentration of the SDS needed to illicit an irritant response was deduced at 2D to be 0.1-0.15mM, 3D submerged to be 0.33-0.5mM and for 3D air-liquid models were at best unaffected by 8mM SDS with a Bilayer scaffold of PHBV-PLLA.
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McGovern, Jacqui Anne. "Investigating epidermogenesis in a human skin equivalent model." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2012. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/61036/1/Jacqui_McGovern_Thesis.pdf.

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Skin is the largest, and arguably, the most important organ of the body. It is a complex and multi-dimensional tissue, thus making it essentially impossible to fully model in vitro in conventional 2-dimensional culture systems. In view of this, rodents or pigs are utilised to study wound healing therapeutics or to investigate the biological effects of treatments on skin. However, there are many differences between the wound healing processes in rodents compared to humans (contraction vs. re-epithelialisation) and there are also ethical issues associated with animal testing for scientific research. Therefore, the development of skin equivalent (HSE) models from surgical discard human skin has become an important area of research. The studies in this thesis compare, for the first time, native human skin and the epidermogenesis process in a HSE model. The HSE was reported to be a comparable model for human skin in terms of expression and localisation of key epidermal cell markers. This validated HSE model was utilised to study the potential wound healing therapeutic, hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy. There is a significant body of evidence suggesting that lack of cutaneous oxygen results in and potentiates the chronic, non-healing wound environment. Although the evidence is anecdotal, HBO therapy has displayed positive effects on re-oxygenation of chronic wounds and the clinical outcomes suggest that HBO treatment may be beneficial. Therefore, the HSE was subjected to a daily clinical HBO regime and assessed in terms of keratinocyte migration, proliferation, differentiation and epidermal thickening. HBO treatment was observed to increase epidermal thickness, in particular stratum corneum thickening, but it did not alter the expression or localisation of standard epidermal cell markers. In order to elucidate the mechanistic changes occurring in response to HBO treatment in the HSE model, gene microarrays were performed, followed by qRT-PCR of select genes which were differentially regulated in response to HBO treatment. The biological diversity of the HSEs created from individual skin donors, however, overrode the differences in gene expression between treatment groups. Network analysis of functional changes in the HSE model revealed general trends consistent with normal skin growth and maturation. As a more robust and longer term study of these molecular changes, protein localisation and expression was investigated in sections from the HSEs undergoing epidermogenesis in response to HBO treatment. These proteins were CDCP1, Metallothionein, Kallikrein (KLK) 1 and KLK7 and early growth response 1. While the protein expression within the HSE models exposed to HBO treatment were not consistent in all HSEs derived from all skin donors, this is the first study to detect and compare both KLK1 and CDCP1 protein expression in both a HSE model and native human skin. Furthermore, this is the first study to provide such an in depth analysis of the effect of HBO treatment on a HSE model. The data presented in this thesis, demonstrates high levels of variation between individuals and their response to HBO treatment, consistent with the clinical variation that is currently observed.
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Chumpitaz, Chavez Gabriel. "Permeability of fluorescently labelled proteins in silk-based skin equivalent." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för farmaci, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-446444.

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Development of methods for studying drug delivery systems is of great significance for the improvement of topical formulations. Active compounds for topical drug delivery are often formulated into gels and creams, that can be applied onto skin surfaces. It is important to know the extent of the permeability of the active compounds, in order to determine the medical effect. This study examines the possibilities of using an animal-free skin equivalent for penetration and permeation experiments, i.e. a silk scaffold integrated with viable human dermaland epidermal cells. Mammalian cell culturing together with silkconstruct formation, constituted the upstream bioprocess and acquisition of the skin equivalents. Permeability of fluorescently labelled Bovine Serum Albumin and Sodium Fluorescein salt was assessed, using a Franz- cell setup incorporated with the skin equivalents. Furthermore, fluorescence analysis and SDS-PAGE was performed on the collected samples, along with cryosectioning and image analysis of the skin equivalents. The results indicate variations in tissue integrity, leading to both high and low permeability. Fluorescence intensity can be correlated with the amount of sample liquid passing through. The model is still under development, hence more research is needed to draw a conclusion regarding the cellular composition of the skin equivalents, and how it influences permeability.
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Bhatt, Chinmay P. "Assessment of uncertainty in equivalent sand grain roughness methods." Birmingham, Ala. : University of Alabama at Birmingham, 2007. http://www.mhsl.uab.edu/dt/2007m/bhatt.pdf.

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Harris, Paul Anthony. "The development of a cultured skin equivalent to treat extensive burn injury." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.417832.

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Haridas, Parvathi. "In vitro characterisation of melanoma progression in a melanoma skin equivalent model." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2018. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/118574/1/Parvathi_Haridas_Thesis.pdf.

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Melanoma is a fatal form of skin cancer which progresses in an orchestrated pattern in human skin. Characterising these phases of melanoma in vitro can provide key insights into mechanisms of the disease progression. In this thesis, we investigate how in vitro three-dimensional (3D) model assays that recapitulate human skin can be used to identify key features underlying melanoma progression. In particular, we construct a 3D melanoma skin equivalent model using melanoma cells from the early and late phase of the disease. We further quantify melanoma cell migration, proliferation, invasion, as well as melanoma nest formation.
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Fernandez, Tara L. "In vitro models for investigating keratinocyte responses to ultraviolet B radiation." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2013. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/61515/1/Tara_Fernandez_Thesis.pdf.

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This thesis describes the use of 2- and 3-dimensional cell-based models for studying how skin cells respond to ultraviolet radiation. These methods were used to investigate skin damage and repair after exposure to radiation in the context of skin cancer development. Interactions between different skin cell types were demonstrated as being significant in protecting against ultraviolet radiation-induced skin damage. This has important implications in understanding how skin cancers occur, as well as in the development of new strategies to prevent and treat them.
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Achay, Zyra. "PROTECTIVE EFFECTS OF MILK PHOSPHOLIPIDS AGAINST UV PHOTODAMAGE IN HUMAN SKIN EQUIVALENTS." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2011. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/675.

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The ultraviolet (UV) spectrum has been known to cause damage to skin in varying degrees. UVB radiation (290-320 nm) in particular, has been proven to be highly mutagenic and carcinogenic in many animal experiments compared to either UVA or UVC. The alarming rate of increase in skin cancer incidence has prompted many investigators to pursue other alternatives to sunscreens including changes in lifestyle habits and dietary consumption in order to boost our efforts in tackling this widespread disease. Previous studies employing confocal reflectance, MTT assay and histology suggest that milk phospholipids may possess protective properties against UVB-mediated damage but the molecular mechanism for this effect remains unclear. This study aims to evaluate changes in cell morphology, apoptosis and p21 expression in tissue engineered epidermis to increase our understanding of the mechanisms behind the potential protective effects of milk phospholipids against UV-induced photodamage. Human skin tissue equivalents were incubated in either 1% milk phospholipid solution or maintenance media then exposed to 120 mJ/cm2 dose of 300 nm UVB after 24 hours. The upregulation of p21 protein in response to DNA damage was measured with Western blot and immunofluorescence microscopy and markers for apoptosis and hyperplasia were examined 24 hours after irradiation. Results revealed that p21 levels and the amount of apoptotic markers such as fragmented DNA and nuclear condensation were significantly reduced in UV-exposed tissues pre-incubated with milk phospholipids compared to levels seen in both the positive control and UV-exposed skin tissue not incubated with milk phospholipids. This decrease in p21 expression may imply a reduction in DNA damage 24 hours after UV exposure or a decrease in acquired photodamage at the outset. Milk phospholipid incubation however, induced an increase in epidermal thickening with or without UV exposure, which may imply induction of a protective mechanism to enhance the barrier properties of skin.
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Xie, Yan. "Ex vivo investigation of novel wound healing therapies and development of a 3-D human skin equivalent wound model." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2008. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/26541/1/Yan_Xie_Thesis.pdf.

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It has previously been found that complexes comprised of vitronectin and growth factors (VN:GF) enhance keratinocyte protein synthesis and migration. More specifically, these complexes have been shown to significantly enhance the migration of dermal keratinocytes derived from human skin. In view of this, it was thought that these complexes may hold potential as a novel therapy for healing chronic wounds. However, there was no evidence indicating that the VN:GF complexes would retain their effect on keratinocytes in the presence of chronic wound fluid. The studies in this thesis demonstrate for the first time that the VN:GF complexes not only stimulate proliferation and migration of keratinocytes, but also these effects are maintained in the presence of chronic wound fluid in a 2-dimensional (2-D) cell culture model. Whilst the 2-D culture system provided insights into how the cells might respond to the VN:GF complexes, this investigative approach is not ideal as skin is a 3-dimensional (3-D) tissue. In view of this, a 3-D human skin equivalent (HSE) model, which reflects more closely the in vivo environment, was used to test the VN:GF complexes on epidermopoiesis. These studies revealed that the VN:GF complexes enable keratinocytes to migrate, proliferate and differentiate on a de-epidermalised dermis (DED), ultimately forming a fully stratified epidermis. In addition, fibroblasts were seeded on DED and shown to migrate into the DED in the presence of the VN:GF complexes and hyaluronic acid, another important biological factor in the wound healing cascade. This HSE model was then further developed to enable studies examining the potential of the VN:GF complexes in epidermal wound healing. Specifically, a reproducible partial-thickness HSE wound model was created in fully-defined media and monitored as it healed. In this situation, the VN:GF complexes were shown to significantly enhance keratinocyte migration and proliferation, as well as differentiation. This model was also subsequently utilized to assess the wound healing potential of a synthetic fibrin-like gel that had previously been demonstrated to bind growth factors. Of note, keratinocyte re-epitheliasation was shown to be markedly improved in the presence of this 3-D matrix, highlighting its future potential for use as a delivery vehicle for the VN:GF complexes. Furthermore, this synthetic fibrin-like gel was injected into a 4 mm diameter full-thickness wound created in the HSE, both keratinocytes and fibroblasts were shown to migrate into this gel, as revealed by immunofluorescence. Interestingly, keratinocyte migration into this matrix was found to be dependent upon the presence of the fibroblasts. Taken together, these data indicate that reproducible wounds, as created in the HSEs, provide a relevant ex vivo tool to assess potential wound healing therapies. Moreover, the models will decrease our reliance on animals for scientific experimentation. Additionally, it is clear that these models will significantly assist in the development of novel treatments, such as the VN:GF complexes and the synthetic fibrin-like gel described herein, ultimately facilitating their clinical trial in the treatment of chronic wounds.
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Xie, Yan. "Ex vivo investigation of novel wound healing therapies and development of a 3-D human skin equivalent wound model." Queensland University of Technology, 2008. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/26541/.

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It has previously been found that complexes comprised of vitronectin and growth factors (VN:GF) enhance keratinocyte protein synthesis and migration. More specifically, these complexes have been shown to significantly enhance the migration of dermal keratinocytes derived from human skin. In view of this, it was thought that these complexes may hold potential as a novel therapy for healing chronic wounds. However, there was no evidence indicating that the VN:GF complexes would retain their effect on keratinocytes in the presence of chronic wound fluid. The studies in this thesis demonstrate for the first time that the VN:GF complexes not only stimulate proliferation and migration of keratinocytes, but also these effects are maintained in the presence of chronic wound fluid in a 2-dimensional (2-D) cell culture model. Whilst the 2-D culture system provided insights into how the cells might respond to the VN:GF complexes, this investigative approach is not ideal as skin is a 3-dimensional (3-D) tissue. In view of this, a 3-D human skin equivalent (HSE) model, which reflects more closely the in vivo environment, was used to test the VN:GF complexes on epidermopoiesis. These studies revealed that the VN:GF complexes enable keratinocytes to migrate, proliferate and differentiate on a de-epidermalised dermis (DED), ultimately forming a fully stratified epidermis. In addition, fibroblasts were seeded on DED and shown to migrate into the DED in the presence of the VN:GF complexes and hyaluronic acid, another important biological factor in the wound healing cascade. This HSE model was then further developed to enable studies examining the potential of the VN:GF complexes in epidermal wound healing. Specifically, a reproducible partial-thickness HSE wound model was created in fully-defined media and monitored as it healed. In this situation, the VN:GF complexes were shown to significantly enhance keratinocyte migration and proliferation, as well as differentiation. This model was also subsequently utilized to assess the wound healing potential of a synthetic fibrin-like gel that had previously been demonstrated to bind growth factors. Of note, keratinocyte re-epitheliasation was shown to be markedly improved in the presence of this 3-D matrix, highlighting its future potential for use as a delivery vehicle for the VN:GF complexes. Furthermore, this synthetic fibrin-like gel was injected into a 4 mm diameter full-thickness wound created in the HSE, both keratinocytes and fibroblasts were shown to migrate into this gel, as revealed by immunofluorescence. Interestingly, keratinocyte migration into this matrix was found to be dependent upon the presence of the fibroblasts. Taken together, these data indicate that reproducible wounds, as created in the HSEs, provide a relevant ex vivo tool to assess potential wound healing therapies. Moreover, the models will decrease our reliance on animals for scientific experimentation. Additionally, it is clear that these models will significantly assist in the development of novel treatments, such as the VN:GF complexes and the synthetic fibrin-like gel described herein, ultimately facilitating their clinical trial in the treatment of chronic wounds.
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Books on the topic "Skin equivalent"

1

Zidarič, Tanja, Karin Stana Kleinschek, Uroš Maver, and Tina Maver. Function-Oriented Bioengineered Skin Equivalents. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-21298-7.

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Tanja Zidarič, Uros Maver, Karin Stana Kleinschek, and Tina Maver. Function-Oriented Bioengineered Skin Equivalents: Continuous Development Towards Complete Skin Replication. Springer International Publishing AG, 2023.

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Yang, Jingduan, and Daniel A. Monti. Human Energetic Anatomy. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190210052.003.0003.

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This chapter teaches another essential foundation of acupuncture and Chinese medicine, the theory of Jing Luo, the invisible energy channels known as meridians through which Qi circulates. This chapter presents this complex human energy network as an energetic anatomy that include 12 principal channels (Zheng Jing), 8 extra channels (Qi Jing Ba Mai), 12 associated channels (Jing Bie), 12 peripheral channels (Jin Jing), 12 skin areas (Pi Bou), and 15 connecting channels (Luo Mai). The classification, distribution, and function of each is discussed in detail. There is no modern medicine equivalent to these concepts except for the energetic manifestations of mental and physical function that are well observed and described by clinicians and medical textbooks. Structural parallels to the energetic networks in modern medicine are circulatory systems like the nervous, cardiovascular, and lymphatic systems.
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(Editor), R. Roguet, M. Bracher (Editor), and W. Diembeck (Editor), eds. Reconstructed Human Epidermis Equivalents: Characterization and Applications in Cutaneous Pharmacotoxicology (Skin Pharmacology & Applied Skin Physiology). Not Avail, 2002.

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Temperton, David H. Personal monitoring. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199655212.003.0008.

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Personal dose monitoring provides the important check and reassurance that radiation doses to those working with radiation are at a level that complies with dose constraints. The quantity which is relevant to external personal monitoring is the personal dose equivalent Hp(d) defined by the ICRU. Values at different depths d are equated to effective dose or doses to the skin or eye lens. This chapter contains the basic information that the radiation protection practitioner needs on personal monitoring, and the requirements for running a personal dose-monitoring service, including dosimeter calibration, performance testing, and record keeping. Techniques used in different types of dosemeters such as thermoluminescent dosimetry and optically stimulated luminescence, as well as neutron detection are explained, together with practical considerations for eye dose and extremity monitoring. Use of electronic personal dosemeters is discussed and techniques for monitoring internal exposure are described.
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Jones, Jack, and Larry K. Britt. Design and Appraisal of Hydraulic Fractures. Society of Petroleum EngineersRichardson, Texas, USA, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/9781555631437.

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Using an interdisciplinary approach, Design and Appraisal of Hydraulic Fractures offers a basic yet comprehensive introduction to the completion and reservoir engineering aspects of hydraulic fracture stimulation. The book is divided into three sections. Section 1 covers the design and placement of a hydraulic fracture stimulation; topics include the basics of the hydraulic fracturing process, stress issues, fracture geometry, controls on generated length and width, fluid and proppant selection, quality control, and quality assurance. Section 2 introduces the use of dynamic data to characterize the in-place hydraulic fracture, outlining the methods of pressure-transient analysis for both pressure-drawdown and pressure-buildup tests. The discussion includes effective wellbore radius, effective fracture half-length, equivalent skin, and their relationships; simulated and field examples illustrate the basic analysis procedure and many common pitfalls. The final section covers the prediction of long-term rate performance and recoverable volumes. Three approaches are discussed: rate-decline type curves, analytical and semianalytical methods, and numerical simulation. Essential elements are given for each and illustrated with field examples. Design and Appraisal of Hydraulic Fractures is a valuable reference for all members of the geotechnical and surface engineering communities who need to understand the important issues around and the full impact of hydraulic fracture stimulation on well performance.
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P, Shah Vinod, and Maibach Howard I, eds. Topical drug bioavailability, bioequivalence, and penetration. New York: Plenum Press, 1993.

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Education, N. S. 5. Fraction Identifying and Equivalent Fraction 3rd Grade Fractions Workbook: Simply Worksheet for Beginner and Learing Bulid Math Skil Age 7-8 Years. Independently Published, 2022.

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Machtinger, Edward L., and Peter A. Nigrovic. Spanish for Pediatric Medicine. Edited by Janice A. Lowe. 2nd ed. American Academy of Pediatrics, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/9781581104554.

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Enhance patient and parent encounters with this newly expanded and enhanced pocket guide! Here's the easy-to-use manual you need to communicate with Spanish-speaking patients and parents more efficiently and effectively. Spanish for Pediatric Medicine features a quick-reference design that enables you to rapidly identify and explore common medical problems. English and Spanish equivalents are shown side-by-side for instant, precise use. This handy resource fits right in your pocket as you travel between well-child, sick visit, and emergency department settings. Optimized for use with Bright Futures--visit-specific translations from prenatal to 18- to 21-year visits reflect the organization of the AAP Bright Futures: Guidelines for Health Supervision of Infants, Children, and Adolescents, 3rd Edition. All-new audio program--electronic access to downloadable audio clips of translations from a native Spanish speaker helps you improve comprehension and pronunciation. The new 2nd edition includes general visit translations--medical history, family history, description of pain, examination instructions, immunization screening, and discharge instructions; Bright Futures stage visit translations--spanning issues addressed in prenatal and newborn through late adolescent visits; emergency department (ED) visit translations--ED history, description of pain, examination instructions, and discharge instructions; system-specific translations--hematology/oncology, skin, respiratory, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, genitourinary, and musculoskeletal; special issues translations--abuse screening, developmental milestones, lead toxicity screening, and obesity prevention and treatment; and translations for commonly used expressions/greetings--terms of endearment for children.
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Book chapters on the topic "Skin equivalent"

1

Sriram, Gopu, Paul Lorenz Bigliardi, and Mei Bigliardi-Qi. "Full-Thickness Human Skin Equivalent Models of Atopic Dermatitis." In Skin Stem Cells, 367–83. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/7651_2018_163.

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Costello, Lydia, Nicola Fullard, Mathilde Roger, Steven Bradbury, Teresa Dicolandrea, Robert Isfort, Charles Bascom, and Stefan Przyborski. "Engineering a Multilayered Skin Equivalent: The Importance of Endogenous Extracellular Matrix Maturation to Provide Robustness and Reproducibility." In Skin Tissue Engineering, 107–22. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-9473-1_9.

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Date, Akira, and Tomohiro Hakozaki. "In vitro Method to Visualize UV-induced Reactive Oxygen Species in a Skin Equivalent Model." In Textbook of Aging Skin, 477–85. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-89656-2_49.

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Hakozaki, Tomohiro. "In Vitro Method to Visualize UV-Induced Reactive Oxygen Species in a Skin Equivalent Model." In Textbook of Aging Skin, 1229–38. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-47398-6_49.

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Hakozaki, Tomohiro. "In Vitro Method to Visualize UV-Induced Reactive Oxygen Species in a Skin Equivalent Model." In Textbook of Aging Skin, 1–10. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-27814-3_49-2.

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Hakozaki, Tomohiro. "In Vitro Method to Visualize UV-Induced Reactive Oxygen Species in a Skin Equivalent Model." In Textbook of Aging Skin, 1–10. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-27814-3_49-3.

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Slominski, Andrzej T., Michal A. Zmijewski, Cezary Skobowiat, Blazej Zbytek, Radomir M. Slominski, and Jeffery D. Steketee. "Equivalent of Hypothalamo–Pituitary–Adrenal Axis in the Skin." In Sensing the Environment: Regulation of Local and Global Homeostasis by the Skin's Neuroendocrine System, 55–63. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-19683-6_7.

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Reuter, Christian, Heike Walles, and Florian Groeber. "Preparation of a Three-Dimensional Full Thickness Skin Equivalent." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 191–98. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-7021-6_14.

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Diette, Nicole, Igor Kogut, and Ganna Bilousova. "Generation of a Full-Thickness Human Skin Equivalent on an Immunodeficient Mouse." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 169–83. New York, NY: Springer US, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/7651_2019_236.

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do Nascimento Pedrosa, Tatiana, Carolina Motter Catarino, Paula Comune Pennacchi, Silvia Berlanga de Moraes Barros, and Silvya Stuchi Maria-Engler. "Skin Equivalent Models: Protocols for In Vitro Reconstruction for Dermal Toxicity Evaluation." In Toxicity Assessment, 31–41. New York, NY: Springer US, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-1091-6_3.

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Conference papers on the topic "Skin equivalent"

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Mori, Nobuhito, Yuya Morimoto, and Shoji Takeuchi. "Skin-equivalent integrated with perfusable channels on curved surface." In 2015 28th IEEE International Conference on Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/memsys.2015.7050961.

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Leduc, Carole, Maxim Zhadobov, and Ronan Sauleau. "Thermal model of skin-equivalent phantoms at 60 GHz." In 2015 European Microwave Conference (EuMC 2015). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/eumc.2015.7345859.

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Liu, Youhua, and Rakesh Kapania. "Equivalent skin analysis of wing structures using neural networks." In 8th Symposium on Multidisciplinary Analysis and Optimization. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2000-4802.

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Acero, J., and C. R. Sullivan. "A dynamic equivalent network model of the skin effect." In 2013 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition - APEC 2013. IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/apec.2013.6520630.

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Xie, Chi, Nian Liu, Zhongyou Gao, Daquan Lin, and Zuoda Guo. "Investigating Testing Elasticity of Equivalent Material for Human Skin." In 2005 27th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iembs.2005.1615823.

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Baust, John M., Robert G. Van Buskirk, and John G. Baust. "Cryopreservation of an Engineered Skin Equivalent: The Apoptosis Paradigm." In ASME 1999 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1999-0586.

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Abstract The emergence of the tissue engineering sciences has led to an immediate need for cryopreservation protocols compatible with cell survival, cell-matrix binding and “scaffold” integrity. While numerous problems exist related to directional restrictions in cryoprotectant transport in tissue models, recent findings have demonstrated that the induction of specific molecular events, especially gene regulated cell death (apoptosis) is of significance. Accordingly, we report on a new strategy for the successful cryopreservation of a human skin equivalent. The integration of an intracellular-type cryopreservation solution containing dimethyl sulfoxide with and without apoptotic inhibitors provides a successful model for tissue preservation. With optimized formulations, post-thaw improvement of viability upwards of three-fold has been demonstrated when compared with traditional preservation methodologies. We conclude that 1) the use of an intracellular-type cryopreservation medium, Hypothermosol®, can improve post-thaw tissue construct integrity and cell viability, and 2) the inclusion of apoptotic inhibitors significantly improves cryopreservation outcome.
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Im, Ho Yeong, Kyunghee Kim, Hye Mi Jeon, and Gun Yong Sung. "Development of Wrinkled 3-D Skin-Equivalent by Cyclic Uniaxial Stretchable Skin-on-a-Chip." In 2019 20th International Conference on Solid-State Sensors, Actuators and Microsystems & Eurosensors XXXIII (TRANSDUCERS & EUROSENSORS XXXIII). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/transducers.2019.8808745.

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Yildiz, Turhan. "Equivalent Skin Factors for Nonuniformly Damaged Horizontal and Multilateral Wells." In SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/116744-ms.

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Zhao, Kaili, and Yunfeng Jia. "Study on Equivalent Modeling Technology of Helicopter Complex Skin Structure." In 2018 IEEE 4th Information Technology and Mechatronics Engineering Conference (ITOEC). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/itoec.2018.8740461.

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Mori, Nobuhito, Yuya Morimoto, and Shoji Takeuchi. "Stretchable culture device of skin-equivalent with improved epidermis thickness." In 2016 IEEE 29th International Conference on Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/memsys.2016.7421609.

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