Journal articles: 'Skin elastic'

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Yassky, Noa, Nancy Wei, and Mark Lebwohl. "Pulmonary Manifestations in Pseudoxanthoma Elasticum: A Review of Current Literature." SKIN The Journal of Cutaneous Medicine 5, no. 2 (March 6, 2021): 90–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.25251/skin.5.2.2.

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Background: Pseudoxanthoma Elasticum is a hereditary disease characterized by calcification of elastic fibers that result in cutaneous, ophthalmologic, and cardiovascular complications. As the pulmonary system contains multiple cell types with abundant elastic fibers, pulmonary manifestations are expected yet not often observed. Objective: To review current literature reporting cases of pulmonary manifestations in patients with pseudoxanthoma elasticum. Methods: A search of the PubMed computerized database limited to English language case reports and cross-sectional cohort studies as of December 2020 was performed using the key words “pseudoxanthoma elasticum”, “PXE”, “pulm*”, and “lung”. Results: A total of 15 patients with clinical, radiologic, or histologic pulmonary manifestations of PXE were identified across four case reports and one cohort study. Patients who did present with pulmonary symptoms were exceedingly rare and reported only progressive exertional dyspnea. Discussion: Histologic and/or radiologic investigation of PXE patients who presented with progressive exertional dyspnea revealed calcification and irregularity of the elastic laminae in the pulmonary vasculature, the alveolar septa or both. Additionally, spirometry and diffusion studies in PXE patients revealed a restrictive pattern of lung disease with significantly decreased absolute total lung capacity compared to controls. Conclusions: PXE patients with pulmonary symptoms severe enough to have clinical impact are exceedingly rare, and thus investigative workup is not often pursued. Further research is needed to elucidate the clinical impact of lung calcification in PXE patients.

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Lebwohl, Lily, and Robert Phelps. "Association Between Pseudoxanthoma Elasticum and Bleeding." SKIN The Journal of Cutaneous Medicine 6, no. 1 (January 17, 2022): 8–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.25251/skin.6.1.2.

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Pseudoxanthoma Elasticum (PXE) is a rare genetic disease caused by a mutation of the ABCC6 gene, resulting in calcification of elastic fibers of the skin, eye and other organs and tissues that contain elastin. Because calcified arteries can bleed, hemorrhage from various organs is a reported complication of PXE. We conducted a literature review of all English language published articles reporting bleeding in patients with PXE. In this literature review, we identified 51 papers. Of those, 29 (57%) included at least 1 case of bleeding. Within these 30 papers, bleeding was reported in a total of 130 patients. Of the cases of bleeding, 113 occurred in the gastrointestinal tract, 12 occurred in the brain, 2 in the skin, 1 in the nose, 1 in the gums and 1 in the uterus. Clinicians and patients should be made aware of the risk of these significant complications, to facilitate preventive measures, prompt recognition and treatment.

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Nygaard, Rie Harboe, Scott Maynard, Peter Schjerling, Michael Kjaer, Klaus Qvortrup, Vilhelm A. Bohr, Lene J. Rasmussen, Gregor B. E. Jemec, and Michael Heidenheim. "Acquired Localized Cutis Laxa due to Increased Elastin Turnover." Case Reports in Dermatology 8, no. 1 (February 13, 2016): 42–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000443696.

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Cutis laxa is a rare disease characterized by abnormal skin wrinkling and laxity, due to decreased elastin synthesis or structural extracellular matrix defects. We have explored elastin metabolism in a case of adult onset cutis laxa localized to the upper body of a woman. For this purpose, we obtained skin biopsies from affected and unaffected skin areas of the patient and analyzed these with microscopy, polymerase chain reaction, western blotting and cell culture experiments. Skin from the affected area lacked elastin fibers in electron microscopy but had higher mRNA expression of elastin and total RNA. Levels of an apparent tropoelastin degradation product were higher in the affected area. Fibroblast cultures from the affected area were able to produce elastin and showed higher proliferation and survival after oxidative and UVB stress compared to fibroblasts from the unaffected area. In conclusion, we report a case of acquired localized cutis laxa with a lack of elastic fibers in the skin of the patient's upper body. The lack of elastic fibers in the affected skin was combined with increased mRNA expression and protein levels of elastin. These findings indicate that elastin synthesis was increased but did not lead to deposited elastic fibers in the tissue.

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Yu, Betty, Soo-Young Kang, Ariya Akthakul, Nithin Ramadurai, Morgan Pilkenton, Alpesh Patel, Amir Nashat, et al. "An elastic second skin." Nature Materials 15, no. 8 (May 9, 2016): 911–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nmat4635.

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Kim, Man-Seok, Ko-Eun Chun, Dong-Keun Lee, and Seh-Hyon Song. "Evaluation of the Efficacy of an Elastin-Inducing Composition Containing Amino Acids, Copper, and Hyaluronic Acid: Results of an Open Single-Center Clinical Trial Study." Cosmetics 9, no. 3 (May 16, 2022): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cosmetics9030051.

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The degradation and reduction in number of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins are representative biological changes associated with decreased elasticity resulting in various skin problems. Elastin is an ECM protein that plays an important role in maintaining the skin’s structure. It is highly elastic and helps the tissue regain its shape after stretching or contracting. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of the product containing amino acids, copper, and hyaluronic acid on the improvement of skin aging. A small open single-center study involved four treatments performed on five subjects at 1-week intervals with Elastic Lab®. As a result, eye wrinkles, skin moisture, inner elasticity, thickness, and density were improved 1 week after the last treatment in all subjects compared to the baseline. Among all evaluation items, skin elasticity, thickness, and density showed significant increases. Therefore, by using a composition containing amino acids, minerals, and hyaluronic acid, the biosynthesis of elastin and collagen in the skin increases, restoring skin elasticity and improving various skin problems.

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Khoo, Chin Koi, Flora Salim, and Jane Burry. "Designing Architectural Morphing Skins with Elastic Modular Systems." International Journal of Architectural Computing 9, no. 4 (December 2011): 397–419. http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/1478-0771.9.4.397.

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This paper discusses the issues of designing architectural skins that can be physically morphed to adapt to changing needs. To achieve this architectural vision, designers have focused on developing mechanical joints, components, and systems for actuation and kinetic transformation. However, the unexplored approach of using lightweight elastic form-changing materials provides an opportunity for designing responsive architectural skins and skeletons with fewer mechanical operations. This research aims to develop elastic modular systems that can be applied as a second skin or brise-soleil to existing buildings. The use of the second skin has the potential to allow existing buildings to perform better in various climatic conditions and to provide a visually compelling skin. This approach is evaluated through three design experiments with prototypes, namely Tent, Curtain and Blind, to serve two fundamental purposes: Comfort and Communication. These experimental prototypes explore the use of digital and physical computation embedded in form-changing materials to design architectural morphing skins that manipulate sunlight and act as responsive shading devices.

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Schwartz, E., and R. Fleischmajer. "Association of elastin with oxytalan fibers of the dermis and with extracellular microfibrils of cultured skin fibroblasts." Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry 34, no. 8 (August 1986): 1063–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/34.8.3525665.

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The formation of a mature elastic fiber is thought to proceed by the deposition of elastin on pre-existing microfibrils (10-12 nm in diameter). Immunohistochemical evidence has suggested that in developing tissues such as aorta and ligamentum nuchae, small amounts of elastin are associated with microfibrils but are not detected at the light microscopic and ultrastructural levels. Dermal tissue contains a complex elastic fiber system consisting of three types of fibers--oxytalan, elaunin, and elastic--which are believed to differ in their relative contents of microfibrils and elastin. According to ultrastructural analysis, oxytalan fibers contain only microfibrils, elaunin fibers contain small quantities of amorphous elastin, and elastic fibers are predominantly elastin. Using indirect immunofluorescence techniques, we demonstrate in this study that nonamorphous elastin is associated with the oxytalan fibers. Frozen sections of normal skin were incubated with antibodies directed against human aortic alpha elastin and against microfibrillar proteins isolated from cultured calf aortic smooth muscle cells. The antibodies to the microfibrillar proteins and elastin reacted strongly with the oxytalan fibers of the upper dermis. Oxytalan fibers therefore are composed of both microfibrils and small amounts of elastin. Elastin was demonstrated extracellularly in human skin fibroblasts in vitro by indirect immunofluorescence. The extracellular association of nonamorphous elastin and microfibrils on similar fibrils was visualized by immunoelectron microscopy. Treatment of these cultures with sodium dodecyl sulfate/mercaptoethanol (SDS/ME) solubilized tropoelastin and other proteins that reacted with the antibodies to the microfibrillar proteins. It was concluded that the association of the microfibrils with nonamorphous elastin in intact dermis and cultured human skin fibroblasts may represent the initial step in elastogenesis.

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Ateş Özdemir, Deniz, and Kader Susesi. "The Potential Use of Elastic Tissue Autofluorescence in Formalin-fixed Paraffin-embedded Skin Biopsies." Acta Medica 53, no. 1 (March 17, 2022): 37–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.32552/2022.actamedica.655.

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Autofluorescence (AF) or naïve-florescence is the natural emission of light by biomolecules. During florescence microscope examination, we realized that elastic tissue is brighter or more autoflourescent than collagen and other biomolecules/cells in the skin. Consequently, we decided to review elastic tissue-related pathologies under a florescence microscope and to report the possible benefits of this technique from selected cases from the paraffin-block archive, by using the protease digestion immunofluorescence method. Selected and clinic-pathologically confirmed 3 elastofibroma dorsi, 3 pseudoxanthoma elasticum, 3 anetoderma, 3 arteriovenous malformations, 3 temporal arteritis, 3 scar tissue and 3 highly solar-damaged samples of skin from 2014-2019 were retrieved. Under the fluorescent microscope, coarse, thick and globularly-fragmented elastic fibers of elastofibroma dorsi, shortened, irregular and convoluted elastic fibers of pseudoxanthoma elasticum, internal elastic membranes of arteries and their integrity was visualized. None of the anetoderma cases had any signal representing elastic tissue. It was shown that elastic tissue can be observed easily under fluorescence microscope in the case of FFPE tissues. The resulting autofluorescence can be useful in recognizing elastic tissue-related pathologies, and it may be used as an ancillary or an alternative method to routine histochemical techniques.

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Kielty, Cay M., Michael J. Sherratt, and C. Adrian Shuttleworth. "Elastic fibres." Journal of Cell Science 115, no. 14 (July 15, 2002): 2817–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jcs.115.14.2817.

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Elastic fibres are essential extracellular matrix macromolecules comprising an elastin core surrounded by a mantle of fibrillin-rich microfibrils. They endow connective tissues such as blood vessels, lungs and skin with the critical properties of elasticity and resilience. The biology of elastic fibres is complex because they have multiple components, a tightly regulated developmental deposition, a multi-step hierarchical assembly and unique biomechanical functions. However, their molecular complexity is at last being unravelled by progress in identifying interactions between component molecules, ultrastructural analyses and studies of informative mouse models.

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Fanning, J. C., J. F. White, J. Kumaratilake, M. A. Gibson, and E. G. Cleary. "Immunoelectron microscopy in normal and diseased elastic tissues." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 45 (August 1987): 620–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100127530.

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Elastic tissue is recognised to be composed of a major amorphous component (consisting of the protein elastin) and a lesser microfibrillar component (complex structures containing at least two glycoproteins). The study of the components of elastic fibers in developing tissues has been hampered by the difficulty of establishing that the amorphous component is distinguishable from other amorphous structures. This is particularly a problem when the elastic material is deranged, so that the amorphous component is atypical in appearance. We have developed, in rabbits, and then affinity-purified, polyclonal antibodies to each of elastin (the amorphous component), “reductive guanidine extracts” of fetal bovine nuchal ligament and to a microfibril-associated glycoprotein (MAGP) isolated from these extracts.Samples of fetal and adult bovine tissues, including aorta, skin and nuchal ligament; and human tissues; including skin, aorta and breast cancers, were fixed for 4 h in 4% paraformaldehyde and 0.2% glutaraldehyde in phosphate buffered saline, pH 7.4, containing 4% sucrose and 5% polyvinyl pyrolidine;

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Yeo, Sooho, Sukkyun Jung, Heui Kyoung Cho, Young Ho Kim, Gi Hwan Kim, Dohyun Kim, Byoung Hyen Ko, and Jaehwi Lee. "Design and Characterization of Elastic Artificial Skin Containing Adenosine-Loaded Solid Lipid Nanoparticles for Treating Wrinkles." Pharmaceutics 13, no. 1 (December 28, 2020): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics13010033.

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Adenosine (AD), which is used for treating wrinkles, exhibits poor skin permeation. The aim of the present study was to develop a cross-linked silicone-based cellulose elastomer as an elastic artificial skin for the treatment of skin wrinkles, a biocompatible lipid-based nano-carrier for enhancing the skin permeation of AD, and a formulation consisting of the lipid-based carrier incorporated in the elastic artificial skin. AD-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) were prepared using a double-emulsion method. Particle characteristics and mechanical properties of SLNs and elastic artificial skin, respectively, were assessed. Skin permeation was evaluated using SkinEthic RHE tissue, a reconstructed human epidermis model. The mean particle size and zeta potential for SLNs ranged from 123.57 to 248.90 nm and −13.23 to −41.23 mV, respectively. The components of neither SLNs nor the elastic artificial skin were cytotoxic, according to cell- and tissue-viability assays and EU classification. SLNs and the elastic artificial skin exhibited sustained drug release for 48 h. The amount of AD released from SLNs and elastic artificial skin was approximately 10 times and 5 times higher, respectively, than that from AD solution. Therefore, elastic artificial skin incorporated with AD-loaded SLNs may serve as a promising topical delivery system for cosmeceutical treatment of skin wrinkles.

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Boraldi, Federica, Francesco Demetrio Lofaro, Lorena Losi, and Daniela Quaglino. "Dermal Alterations in Clinically Unaffected Skin of Pseudoxanthoma elasticum Patients." Journal of Clinical Medicine 10, no. 3 (February 1, 2021): 500. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm10030500.

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Background: Pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE), due to rare sequence variants in the ABCC6 gene, is characterized by calcification of elastic fibers in several tissues/organs; however, the pathomechanisms have not been completely clarified. Although it is a systemic disorder on a genetic basis, it is not known why not all elastic fibers are calcified in the same patient and even in the same tissue. At present, data on soft connective tissue mineralization derive from studies performed on vascular tissues and/or on clinically affected skin, but there is no information on patients’ clinically unaffected skin. Methods: Skin biopsies from clinically unaffected and affected areas of the same PXE patient (n = 6) and from healthy subjects were investigated by electron microscopy. Immunohistochemistry was performed to evaluate p-SMAD 1/5/8 and p-SMAD 2/3 expression and localization. Results: In clinically unaffected skin, fragmented elastic fibers were prevalent, whereas calcified fibers were only rarely observed at the ultrastructural level. p-SMAD1/5/8 and p-SMAD2/3 were activated in both affected and unaffected skin. Conclusion: These findings further support the concept that fragmentation/degradation is necessary but not sufficient to cause calcification of elastic fibers and that additional local factors (e.g., matrix composition, mechanical forces and mesenchymal cells) contribute to create the pro-osteogenic environment.

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Bouissou, Hubert, Marie-Thérèse Pieraggi, Monique Julian, and Thérèsa Savait. "The Elastic Tissue of the Skin." International Journal of Dermatology 27, no. 5 (June 1988): 327–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-4362.1988.tb02363.x.

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Dridi, S. M., S. Ghomrasseni, D. Bonnet, Y. Aggoun, P. Vabres, C. Bodemer, S. Lyonnet, et al. "Skin elastic fibers in Williams syndrome." American Journal of Medical Genetics 87, no. 2 (November 19, 1999): 134–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1096-8628(19991119)87:2<134::aid-ajmg4>3.0.co;2-r.

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Moset Zupan, Andreja Moset, Carolyn Nietupski, and Stacey C. Schutte. "Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate Eliminates Sex Differences in Estradiol-Induced Elastin Production from Engineered Dermal Substitutes." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 12 (June 14, 2021): 6358. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22126358.

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Lack of adult cells’ ability to produce sufficient amounts of elastin and assemble functional elastic fibers is an issue for creating skin substitutes that closely match native skin properties. The effects of female sex hormones, primarily estrogen, have been studied due to the known effects on elastin post-menopause, thus have primarily included older mostly female populations. In this study, we examined the effects of female sex hormones on the synthesis of elastin by female and male human dermal fibroblasts in engineered dermal substitutes. Differences between the sexes were observed with 17β-estradiol treatment alone stimulating elastin synthesis in female substitutes but not male. TGF-β levels were significantly higher in male dermal substitutes than female dermal substitutes and the levels did not change with 17β-estradiol treatment. The male dermal substitutes had a 1.5-fold increase in cAMP concentration in the presence of 17β-estradiol compared to no hormone controls, while cAMP concentrations remained constant in the female substitutes. When cAMP was added in addition to 17β-estradiol and progesterone in the culture medium, the sex differences were eliminated, and elastin synthesis was upregulated by 2-fold in both male and female dermal substitutes. These conditions alone did not result in functionally significant amounts of elastin or complete elastic fibers. The findings presented provide insights into differences between male and female cells in response to female sex steroid hormones and the involvement of the cAMP pathway in elastin synthesis. Further explorations into the signaling pathways may identify better targets to promote elastic fiber synthesis in skin substitutes.

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Zheng, Qian, Elaine C. Davis, James A. Richardson, Barry C. Starcher, Tiansen Li, Robert D. Gerard, and Hiromi Yanagisawa. "Molecular Analysis of Fibulin-5 Function during De Novo Synthesis of Elastic Fibers." Molecular and Cellular Biology 27, no. 3 (February 1, 2007): 1083–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.01330-06.

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ABSTRACT Elastic fibers contribute to the structural support of tissues and to the regulation of cellular behavior. Mice deficient for the fibulin-5 gene (fbln5 − / −) were used to further elucidate the molecular mechanism of elastic fiber assembly. Major elastic fiber components were present in the skin of fbln5 − / − mice despite a dramatic reduction of mature elastic fibers. We found that fibulin-5 preferentially bound the monomeric form of elastin through N-terminal and C-terminal elastin-binding regions and to a preexisting matrix scaffold through calcium-binding epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like (CB-EGF) domains. We further showed that adenovirus-mediated gene transfer of fbln5 was sufficient to regenerate elastic fibers and increase elastic fiber-cell connections in vivo. A mutant fibulin-5 lacking the first 28 amino acids of the first CB-EGF domain, however, was unable to rescue elastic fiber defects. Fibulin-5 thus serves as an adaptor molecule between monomeric elastin and the matrix scaffold to aid in elastic fiber assembly. These results also support the potential use of fibulin-5 as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of elastinopathies.

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Starcher, Barry, Ronnie L. Aycock, and Charles H. Hill. "Multiple Roles for Elastic Fibers in the Skin." Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry 53, no. 4 (April 2005): 431–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1369/jhc.4a6484.2005.

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Dermal elastic fibers are believed to have a primary role in providing elastic stretch and recoil to the skin. Here we compare the structural arrangement of dermal elastic fibers of chick skin and different animal species. Most elastic fibers in chick skin are derived from cells that line the feather follicle and/or smooth muscle that connects the pterial and apterial muscle bundles to feather follicles. Elastic fibers in the dermis of animals with single, primary hair follicles are derived from cells lining the hair follicle or from the ends of the pili muscle, which anchors the muscle to the matrix or to the hair follicle. Each follicle is interconnected with elastic fibers. Follicles of animals with primary and secondary (wool) hair follicles are also interconnected by elastic fibers, yet only the elastic fibers derived from the primary follicle are connected to each primary follicle. Only the primary hair follicles are connected to the pili muscle. Human skin, but not the skin of other primates, is significantly different from other animals with respect to elastic fiber organization and probably cell of origin. The data suggest that the primary role for elastic fibers in animals, with the possible exception of humans, is movement and/or placement of feathers or hair.

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Yamada, Daisuke, Takashi Maeno, and Yoji Yamada. "Artificial Finger Skin having Ridges and Distributed Tactile Sensors used for Grasp Force Control." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 14, no. 2 (April 20, 2002): 140–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2002.p0140.

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An artificial elastic finger skin for robot fingers has been developed for controlling grasp force when weight and frictional coefficient of the grasped object are unknown. The elastic finger skin has ridges at the surface to divide the stick/slip area. It also has a pair of tactile sensors embedded per ridge similar to human fingertips. The surface of the whole finger is curved so that reaction force distributes. A Finite Element (FE) model of the elastic finger skin was made to conduct dynamic contact analysis using a FE method to design the elastic finger skin in detail. Then the elastic finger skin was made. We confirmed by calculation and experiment that incipient slippage of the ridge occurring near the edge of contact is detected. Then, grasp was controlled using the finger. Arbitrary objects were lifted by incipient slippage near the edge of contact. We found that artificial finger skin is useful for controlling grasping force when the weight and friction coefficient between the elastic finger skin and grasping object are unknown.

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I., Dobric, Svajger A., Bradamante Z., and Baricevic B. "ELASTIC AND PRE-ELASTIC FIBERS IN THE SKIN AFFECTED BY SCLERODERMA." American Journal of Dermatopathology 14, no. 1 (February 1992): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000372-199202000-00043.

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Hong, In Ki, Ji Hoon Ha, Sangkeun Han, Hakhee Kang, and Soo Nam Park. "The Effect of Alkyl Chain Number in Sucrose Surfactant on the Physical Properties of Quercetin-Loaded Deformable Nanoliposome and Its Effect on In Vitro Human Skin Penetration." Nanomaterials 8, no. 8 (August 16, 2018): 622. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano8080622.

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Non-invasive skin penetration of a drug is increased by an edge activator, which enhances the nanoliposome deformability. The objective of this study was to investigate the role of the alkyl chain number of sucrose surfactants as an edge activator in elastic nanoliposomes. In addition, the physicochemical properties of the elastic nanoliposomes were characterized and an in vitro human skin permeation study was performed. Elastic nanoliposomes that were composed of sucrose monostearate (MELQ), sucrose distearate (DELQ), and sucrose tristearte (TELQ) were prepared using a thin-film hydration method. Particle size and entrapment efficiency of elastic nanoliposomes increased proportionally with an increase in the amounts and the numbers of the stearate in sucrose surfactant. Deformability of elastic nanoliposomes was indicated as DELQ > MELQ > TELQ and the same pattern was revealed through the in vitro human skin permeability tests. These results suggest that the number of alkyl chains of sucrose surfactant as edge activator affects the physicochemical property, stability, and skin permeability in elastic nanoliposome. Our findings give a valuable platform for the development of elastic nanoliposomes as skin drug delivery systems.

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JAIN, NEHA, Ameeta Argal, and Girendra Gautam. "Elastic liposomes mediated transdermal delivery of verapamil hydrochloride." Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 8, no. 6 (November 15, 2018): 16–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v8i6.2073.

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The aim of present investigation was to formulate and characterize elastic liposomes as a delivery system for transdermal delivery of Verapamil hydrochloride, a drug having low oral bioavailability (approx 20%), short biological half-life and extensive first pass metabolism.Verapamil hydrochloride loaded elastic vesicles were prepared by a slightly modified extrusion method using soya phosphatidylcholine and span 80(edge activator). Prepared elastic vesicles were characterized for various parameters such as vesicle shape, vesicle size and size distribution, entrapment efficiency, elasticity measurements, stability studies and in vitro skin permeation studies through excised rat skin (Sprague Dawley) using a locally fabricated Franz diffusion cell. The entrapment efficiency of elastic vesicles was found to be 59.3±3.6%. In vitro skin permeation of verapamil hydrochloride through excised rat skin (Sprague Dawley) revealed that elastic vesicles led to an enhanced transdermal flux (50.2±4.52 mg/cm2/h) of verapamil hydrochloride as compared to liposomes (11.6±2.12mg/cm2/h). Decreased lag time (0.9 h) was also observed in case of elastic liposomes. Our results indicate the feasibility of elastic liposomes for transdermal delivery of verapamil hydrochloride for improved skin permeation. Keywords: Transdermal delivery, Elastic liposomes, Verapamil hydrochloride.

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WU, JOHN Z., REN G. DONG, W. PAUL SMUTZ, and AARON W. SCHOPPER. "EFFECTS OF PRECONDITIONING ON THE ELASTIC BEHAVIOR OF SKIN UNDER COMPRESSIVE LOADING." Journal of Mechanics in Medicine and Biology 03, no. 03n04 (September 2003): 275–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219519403000788.

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In physiological loading conditions, the skin tissues are, sometimes, loaded compressively. The mechanical characteristics of skins in tension have been studied intensively, while those in compression have not been studied thoroughly. Previous studies suggested that, in order to obtain repeatable mechanical parameters, the skin sample should be properly preconditioned in the tensile tests. The present study is to investigate if the skin sample should be preconditioned in the compressive tests. Pigskins were used in the present study. Compression tests were performed in confined and unconfined loading configurations and at four different loading speeds (0.5, 1.0, 40, and 400 μm/s). Our results show that skin samples should be preconditioned in compressive tests, to obtain repeatable mechanical parameters. The necessary number of the loading cycles in the preconditioning treatment for compressive testing is less than that for tensile testing. Our findings indicate that the skin samples reach repeatable mechanical behavior after 3–4 loading cycles, independent of the loading rate and loading configurations (confined or unconfined compressions).

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Hou, Xueqin, Xinyu Qiu, Yaping Wang, Shuangshuang Song, Yifan Cong, and Jifu Hao. "Application and Efficacy of Melatonin Elastic Liposomes in Photoaging Mice." Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity 2022 (March 8, 2022): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/7135125.

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Transdermal drug delivery system is a preferable choice to overcome the low bioavailability of oral medication. Elastic liposomes have shown great effectiveness for percutaneous transport of melatonin (MLT). In this study, the elastic liposomes loaded with MLT were prepared using thin-film dispersion method and optimized through the central composite design (CCD) approach. The physicochemical properties and skin permeation against UV-induced skin photoaging efficacy of the developed MLT-ELs were assessed. The average size of the MLT-ELs was about 49 nm with a spherical shape and high encapsulation efficiency (73.91%) and drug loading (9.92%). The results of FTIR, DSC, and XRD revealed that the chemical structure of MLT was not changed after prepared elastic liposomes, and the drug was successfully encapsulated in the elastic liposome membrane material. In vitro skin permeation evaluation showed that the cumulative penetration of elastic liposomes was 1.5 times higher than that of conventional liposomes, highlighting that the elastic liposomes more easily penetrated into the body. The photoaging experiment results indicated that topical MLT-EL treatment ameliorated the skin elasticity, enhanced the skin hydration level, and preserved the integrity of dermal collagen and elastic fibers. It could be concluded that the elastic liposomes might serve as a promising platform for the transdermal delivery of melatonin.

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Echenne, B., G. Barneon, M. Pages, J. P. Caillens, C. Guibal, Y. Jarrousse, A. Dimeglio, and J. G. Pous. "Skin Elastic Fiber Pathology and Idiopathic Scoliosis." Journal of Pediatric Orthopaedics 8, no. 5 (September 1988): 522–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01241398-198809000-00004.

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Diver, Andrew J., Abid Rashid, and Derek J. Gordon. "Elastic Head Dressing for Scalp Skin Grafts." Annals of Plastic Surgery 58, no. 2 (February 2007): 230–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.sap.0000250828.38789.9e.

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BRUNK, DOUG. "Understanding Elastic Recoil Key to Aging Skin." Skin & Allergy News 43, no. 10 (October 2012): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0037-6337(12)70386-8.

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Wu, John Z., and Robert G. Cutlip. "Evaluation of nonlinear elastic behaviors of skin." Skin Research and Technology 11, no. 4 (November 2005): 287–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0909-725x.2005.00153.x.

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Takafuji, Madoka, Atsushi Tanemura, Yuma Hanaoka, Katsuto Tamai, and Manabu Fujimoto. "A Rare Case of Atrophic Dermatofibroma Featuring Linear Skin Dimple." Case Reports in Dermatology 11, no. 3 (September 30, 2019): 256–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000503413.

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Dermatofibroma (DF) is a benign skin tumor that is well-known among dermatologists. We herein present a rare case of atrophic dermatofibroma presenting linear skin dimpling. The patient was a 25-year-old woman with a history of wild-type recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa who had noticed linear concavity on her right lateral back 1 year before her initial presentation. Anetoderma, atrophic scar, localized morphea, or lupus erythematosus profundus were clinically suspected; however, a biopsy specimen from the dimpling lesion showed the fibrous and histiocytic tumor in the deep dermis. The spindle-to-rhomboid-shaped tumor cells were arranged with irregularly storiform pattern, and immunohistochemistry showed that the tumor cells were positive for factor XIIIa, and negative for CD34 and CD68. Elastica van Gieson staining showed an almost complete loss of elastic fibers, especially at the center of the lesion. The reduction of elastic fibers might have influenced the skin depression in this case. This rare case suggests the need to consider a subtype of DF in the differential diagnosis of dimpling skin lesions.

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Rubin, M. B., S. R. Bodner, and N. S. Binur. "An Elastic–Viscoplastic Model for Excised Facial Tissues." Journal of Biomechanical Engineering 120, no. 5 (October 1, 1998): 686–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2834762.

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Unified constitutive equations for elastic–viscoplastic materials were modified and used to model the highly nonlinear elastic and rate-dependent inelastic response exhibited in recent experiments on excised facial tissues. These included the skin and the underlying supportive tissue SMAS (the Superficial Musculoaponeurotic System). This study indicates a number of relevant results: The skin is more strain rate dependent than the SMAS; the nonlinearity of the elasticity of the skin is greater than that of the SMAS; both tissues exhibit a hardening effect indicated by increased resistance to inelastic deformation due to stress acting over a time period; the hardening effect leads to a decrease in time dependence and an increased elastic range, which is more pronounced for SMAS. Consequently, the SMAS can be viewed as the firmer elastic foundation of the more viscous skin. Moreover, the relaxation time for the skin is fairly short so the skin would be expected to conform to the deformation of the SMAS if it remained attached to the SMAS during stretching. This is relevant when it is undesirable to separate the skin from the SMAS for physiological reasons.

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Fhayli, Wassim, Quentin Boëté, Nadjib Kihal, Valérie Cenizo, Pascal Sommer, Walter A. Boyle, Marie-Paule Jacob, and Gilles Faury. "Dill Extract Induces Elastic Fiber Neosynthesis and Functional Improvement in the Ascending Aorta of Aged Mice with Reversal of Age-Dependent Cardiac Hypertrophy and Involvement of Lysyl Oxidase-Like-1." Biomolecules 10, no. 2 (January 23, 2020): 173. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom10020173.

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Elastic fibers (90% elastin, 10% fibrillin-rich microfibrils) are synthesized only in early life and adolescence mainly by the vascular smooth muscle cells through the cross-linking of its soluble precursor, tropoelastin. Elastic fibers endow the large elastic arteries with resilience and elasticity. Normal vascular aging is associated with arterial remodeling and stiffening, especially due to the end of production and degradation of elastic fibers, leading to altered cardiovascular function. Several pharmacological treatments stimulate the production of elastin and elastic fibers. In particular, dill extract (DE) has been demonstrated to stimulate elastin production in vitro in dermal equivalent models and in skin fibroblasts to increase lysyl oxidase–like-1 (LOXL-1) gene expression, an enzyme contributing to tropoelastin crosslinking and elastin formation. Here, we have investigated the effects of a chronic treatment (three months) of aged male mice with DE (5% or 10% v/v, in drinking water) on the structure and function of the ascending aorta. DE treatment, especially at 10%, of aged mice protected pre-existing elastic lamellae, reactivated tropoelastin and LOXL-1 expressions, induced elastic fiber neo-synthesis, and decreased the stiffness of the aging aortic wall, probably explaining the reversal of the age-related cardiac hypertrophy also observed following the treatment. DE could thus be considered as an anti-aging product for the cardiovascular system.

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Korolkova, Tatiyana N., L. L. Ambartsumyan, I. A. Shepilova, and A. V. Maslova. "COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE FACE AND NECK SKIN ELASTICITY IN 20-30 YEARS WOMEN." Russian Journal of Skin and Venereal Diseases 20, no. 4 (September 15, 2017): 252–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/1560-9588-2017-20-4-252-256.

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Prevention and correction of external signs of the face and neck aging are the main direction of modern cosmetology. The study of the skin functions of various zones of face and neck will allow to carry out more effectively cosmetic effects. The aim is to study the features of the elasticity of facial skin (forehead, skin around the eyes, cheeks) and neck in patients without external signs of skin aging. Material and methods. Elasticity of the face and neck skin was determined in 63 women aged 20-30 years, who made up four comparison groups: in the 1st group (22 women) the elasticity of the forehead skin was studied, in the 2nd group (43 women) - around eye, in the third group (49 women) - cheeks, in the 4th group (24 women) - the neck. To measure the elasticity of the skin the Cutometer MPA 580 (“Courage Khazaka”, Germany) was used. Results. The comparative analysis was performed with the forehead skin. The skin around the eyes was 61-68% more stretchy (R0, R8), 65% worse returned to the initial state (R1), including 26-62% with repeated suction cycles sensor (R3, R4, R9), by 1-11% less elastic (R2, R5, R7), by elastic-viscous properties (R6) is 26% better, but overall its elasticity is lower by 35-53% (F0, F1). The cheek skin is 91- 104% more stretchy (R0, R8), worse returns to the initial state (R1) by 22%, including by 10-82% with repeated suction cycles by the sensor (R3, R4, R9),13% more elastic (R2) and 15% less elastic (R5, R7), the elastic-viscous properties (R6) 41% better, but overall its elasticity is lower by 31-100% (F0, F1) . The neck skin is 186-257% more stretchable (R0, R8), 6% worse returns to the initial state (R1), including 13-164% with repeated suction cycles by the sensor (R3, R4, R9), by 11-28% more elastic (R2, R5, R7), by elastic-viscous properties (R6) 50% better, but overall its elasticity is lower by 88-153% (F0, F1). Conclusion. The skin of the forehead, around the eyes, cheeks and neck, according to the elasticity indices, has significant differences. The obtained data should be taken into account when carrying out various cosmetology techniques, further study are needed.

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Chen, Chuhao, Houde Liu, Xiaojun Zhu, Dezhi Wu, and Yu Xie. "The Impact of the Electronic Skin Substrate on the Robotic Tactile Sensing." International Journal of Humanoid Robotics 16, no. 05 (October 2019): 1950026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219843619500269.

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The tactile sensing is of significant interest for coexisting-cooperative-cognitive robots (Tri-Co robots). In order to improve the tactile sensing performance of the robot via an electronic skin (e-skin), an auxiliary elastomeric substrate is required. This paper investigates the effect of the substrate including elastic modulus, thickness and location on the static sensing at first. It is found that thick substrate with small elastic modulus can even the force distribution effectively and improve the contact area sensing. But it brought noises and crosstalk on the e-skin when the substrate has the large deformation. In occasions of dynamic tactile sensing, the impact of substrate thickness and elastic modulus was also studied and it is found that smaller elastic modulus can help e-skin sense larger and higher frequency stimulus.

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33

Tsang, Kavin K. W., Barton P. Buxton, W. Kent Guion, A. Barry Joyner, and Kathy D. Browder. "The Effects of Cryotherapy Applied through Various Barriers." Journal of Sport Rehabilitation 6, no. 4 (November 1997): 343–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsr.6.4.343.

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The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences in skin temperature during ice application through a dry towel and a dry elastic bandage compared to application on bare skin. Nine subjects completed a 30-min treatment session that consisted of 0.68 kg of cubed ice applied under three conditions: through a dry towel, through a dry elastic bandage, and directly on the skin (control). Following the removal of the ice, all subjects were monitored for 20-min for skin temperature (S temp). There was a significant interaction in S temp between the control (12.50 ± 4.39 °C) and dry towel (23.48 ± 2.88 °C) conditions, the control (12.50 ± 4.39 °C) and dry elastic wrap (27.47 ± 2.36 °C) conditions, and the dry towel (23.48 ± 2.88 °C) and dry elastic wrap (27.47 ± 2.36 °C) conditions. The findings indicated that using a barrier (dry towel or dry elastic bandage) limits the temperature-reducing capacity of the ice and therefore its potential physiological effects.

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34

Lee, Jin Young, Yeon Kyung Kim, Jin Young Seo, Chong Won Choi, Jae Sung Hwang, Byeong Gon Lee, Ih Seop Chang, and Jin Ho Chung. "Loss of elastic fibers causes skin wrinkles in sun-damaged human skin." Journal of Dermatological Science 50, no. 2 (May 2008): 99–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jdermsci.2007.11.010.

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35

Matsuo, Flávia Sayuri, Alceu Luiz Camargo Villela Berbert, Sônia Antunes de Oliveira Mantese, Adriano Mota Loyola, Sérgio Vitorino Cardoso, and Paulo Rogério de Faria. "Pseudoxanthoma Elasticum of the Skin with Involvement of the Oral Cavity." Case Reports in Dentistry 2013 (2013): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/490785.

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Pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE) is an inherited multisystemic disease of elastic fibers that primarily affects the skin and retina. A case of primary PXE of the skin with late involvement of the upper lip is reported. A 55-year-old woman with a previous diagnosis of PXE affecting her skin developed a lesion on her lower lip. An oral examination identified a yellowish macule of undefined limits. A biopsy from her lip was taken and both light and transmission electron microscopies confirmed the presence of fragmented elastic fibers and calcifications on her mucosa, which was compatible with the diagnosis of oral PXE. Since the manifestation of oral PXE is rare in this region, dental practitioners must be aware that this systemic condition may produce oral lesions, which sometimes may mimic other benign diseases of the oral cavity like Fordyce granules. So, the establishment of an appropriate diagnosis is necessary to provide adequate information and attention to the patient.

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36

Zanetti, Miriam, Paola Braghetta, Patrizia Sabatelli, Isabella Mura, Roberto Doliana, Alfonso Colombatti, Dino Volpin, Paolo Bonaldo, and Giorgio M. Bressan. "EMILIN-1 Deficiency Induces Elastogenesis and Vascular Cell Defects." Molecular and Cellular Biology 24, no. 2 (January 15, 2004): 638–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.24.2.638-650.2004.

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ABSTRACT EMILINs constitute a family of genes of the extracellular matrix with high structural similarity. Four genes have been identified so far in human and mouse. To gain insight into the function of this gene family, EMILIN-1 has been inactivated in the mouse by gene targeting. The homozygous animals were fertile and did not show obvious abnormalities. However, histological and ultrastructural examination revealed alterations of elastic fibers in aorta and skin. Formation of elastic fibers by mutant embryonic fibroblasts in culture was also abnormal. Additional alterations were observed in cell morphology and anchorage of endothelial and smooth muscle cells to elastic lamellae. Considering that EMILIN-1 is adhesive for cells and that the protein binds to elastin and fibulin-5, EMILIN-1 may regulate elastogenesis and vascular cell maintenance by stabilizing molecular interactions between elastic fiber components and by endowing elastic fibers with specific cell adhesion properties.

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37

Davis, Elaine C., Susan A. Blattel, and Robert P. Mecham. "Remodeling of Elastic Fiber Components in Scleroderma Skin." Connective Tissue Research 40, no. 2 (January 1999): 113–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/03008209909029107.

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38

Braverman, Irwin M. "Elastic Fiber and Microvascular Abnormalities in Aging Skin." Clinics in Geriatric Medicine 5, no. 1 (February 1989): 69–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0749-0690(18)30696-7.

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39

Trotta, M., E. Peira, F. Debernardi, and M. Gallarate. "Elastic liposomes for skin delivery of dipotassium glycyrrhizinate." International Journal of Pharmaceutics 241, no. 2 (July 2002): 319–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-5173(02)00266-1.

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40

Uitto, J. "Elastic fibre abnormalities in skin disorders: What’s new?" Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology 15, no. 4 (July 2001): 303–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.0926-9959.2001.00267.x.

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41

Sherratt, Michael J., Louise Hopkinson, Mark Naven, Sarah A. Hibbert, Matiss Ozols, Alexander Eckersley, Victoria L. Newton, Mike Bell, and Qing-Jun Meng. "Circadian rhythms in skin and other elastic tissues." Matrix Biology 84 (November 2019): 97–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matbio.2019.08.004.

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42

Uitto, J. "Elastic fibre abnormalities in skin disorders: What's new?" Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology 15, no. 4 (July 2001): 303–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1468-3083.2001.00267.x.

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43

Braverman, Irwin M. "Elastic Fiber and Microvascular Abnormalities in Aging Skin." Dermatologic Clinics 4, no. 3 (July 1986): 391–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0733-8635(18)30802-7.

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44

Jauho, A. P., and H. Smith. "Anomalous skin effect with general elastic boundary scattering." Journal of Physics F: Metal Physics 15, no. 9 (September 1985): 1951–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0305-4608/15/9/013.

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45

Patil, Sandip, Abhinav Malasi, Abhijit Majumder, Animangsu Ghatak, and Ashutosh Sharma. "Reusable Antifouling Viscoelastic Adhesive with an Elastic Skin." Langmuir 28, no. 1 (December 27, 2011): 42–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/la203871c.

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46

Yun, Yong Ju, Jongil Ju, Joong Hoon Lee, Sung-Hwan Moon, Soon-Jung Park, Young Heon Kim, Won G. Hong, et al. "Highly Elastic Graphene-Based Electronics Toward Electronic Skin." Advanced Functional Materials 27, no. 33 (July 27, 2017): 1701513. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201701513.

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47

Jiao, Yan, Tahwinder Upile, Waseem Jerjes, Hani Rhadi, Sandy Mosse, Stephen G. Bown, and Colin Hopper. "Interrogation of skin pathology using elastic scattering spectroscopy." Head & Neck Oncology 1, Suppl 1 (2009): O19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1758-3284-1-s1-o19.

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48

Doubal, Stanislav, and Petr Klemera. "Visco-elastic response of human skin and aging." AGE 25, no. 3 (July 2002): 115–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11357-002-0009-9.

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49

Jung, Dongjun, Chaehong Lim, Hyung Joon Shim, Yeongjun Kim, Chansul Park, Jaebong Jung, Sang Ihn Han, et al. "Highly conductive and elastic nanomembrane for skin electronics." Science 373, no. 6558 (August 27, 2021): 1022–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.abh4357.

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50

de Corte, Wouter, Arne Jansseune, Wim van Paepegem, and Jan Peeters. "Elastic Properties and Failure Behavior of Tiled Laminate Composites." Key Engineering Materials 774 (August 2018): 564–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.774.564.

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This paper focuses on the elastic properties and the failure behavior of tiled laminate composites. Such laminates, in which the plies are not parallel to the outer surfaces are found in InfraCore® based GFRP panels. This technology is developed for the construction of a robust FRP panel that is applicable for highly loaded structures, e.g. for bridges or lock gates. In general, the drawback in traditional FRP sandwich structures has always been debonding of skin and core. Such a debonding problem may occur after impact, followed by fatigue loading. Through the use of the InfraCore® technology, debonding is no longer possible, as multiple overlapping Z-shaped and two-flanged web structures are alternated with polyurethane foam cores acting as non-structural permanent formwork. Consequently, the fibers in the upper and lower skins as well as in the vertical webs run in all directions, especially in the connection between them, rendering a resin-dominated crack propagation impossible. As a result of the integration of core and skin reinforcement, a skin material is created in which the reinforcement is not parallel to the outer surfaces, but at a small angle. Such stacking is called a tiled laminate (TL), as opposed to plane-parallel (PP) and is not fully described by the classic laminate theory. In the paper, finite element analysis is used to assess the effect of the ply angle and the interlaminar properties on the assessment of stiffness and failure behavior of a tiled laminate.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Skin elastic'

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