Relevant bibliographies by topics / Skin elastic

Academic literature on the topic 'Skin elastic'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 30 May 2022
Last updated: 31 May 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Skin elastic"

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Yassky, Noa, Nancy Wei, and Mark Lebwohl. "Pulmonary Manifestations in Pseudoxanthoma Elasticum: A Review of Current Literature." SKIN The Journal of Cutaneous Medicine 5, no. 2 (March 6, 2021): 90–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.25251/skin.5.2.2.

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Background: Pseudoxanthoma Elasticum is a hereditary disease characterized by calcification of elastic fibers that result in cutaneous, ophthalmologic, and cardiovascular complications. As the pulmonary system contains multiple cell types with abundant elastic fibers, pulmonary manifestations are expected yet not often observed. Objective: To review current literature reporting cases of pulmonary manifestations in patients with pseudoxanthoma elasticum. Methods: A search of the PubMed computerized database limited to English language case reports and cross-sectional cohort studies as of December 2020 was performed using the key words “pseudoxanthoma elasticum”, “PXE”, “pulm*”, and “lung”. Results: A total of 15 patients with clinical, radiologic, or histologic pulmonary manifestations of PXE were identified across four case reports and one cohort study. Patients who did present with pulmonary symptoms were exceedingly rare and reported only progressive exertional dyspnea. Discussion: Histologic and/or radiologic investigation of PXE patients who presented with progressive exertional dyspnea revealed calcification and irregularity of the elastic laminae in the pulmonary vasculature, the alveolar septa or both. Additionally, spirometry and diffusion studies in PXE patients revealed a restrictive pattern of lung disease with significantly decreased absolute total lung capacity compared to controls. Conclusions: PXE patients with pulmonary symptoms severe enough to have clinical impact are exceedingly rare, and thus investigative workup is not often pursued. Further research is needed to elucidate the clinical impact of lung calcification in PXE patients.
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Lebwohl, Lily, and Robert Phelps. "Association Between Pseudoxanthoma Elasticum and Bleeding." SKIN The Journal of Cutaneous Medicine 6, no. 1 (January 17, 2022): 8–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.25251/skin.6.1.2.

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Pseudoxanthoma Elasticum (PXE) is a rare genetic disease caused by a mutation of the ABCC6 gene, resulting in calcification of elastic fibers of the skin, eye and other organs and tissues that contain elastin. Because calcified arteries can bleed, hemorrhage from various organs is a reported complication of PXE. We conducted a literature review of all English language published articles reporting bleeding in patients with PXE. In this literature review, we identified 51 papers. Of those, 29 (57%) included at least 1 case of bleeding. Within these 30 papers, bleeding was reported in a total of 130 patients. Of the cases of bleeding, 113 occurred in the gastrointestinal tract, 12 occurred in the brain, 2 in the skin, 1 in the nose, 1 in the gums and 1 in the uterus. Clinicians and patients should be made aware of the risk of these significant complications, to facilitate preventive measures, prompt recognition and treatment.
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Nygaard, Rie Harboe, Scott Maynard, Peter Schjerling, Michael Kjaer, Klaus Qvortrup, Vilhelm A. Bohr, Lene J. Rasmussen, Gregor B. E. Jemec, and Michael Heidenheim. "Acquired Localized Cutis Laxa due to Increased Elastin Turnover." Case Reports in Dermatology 8, no. 1 (February 13, 2016): 42–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000443696.

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Cutis laxa is a rare disease characterized by abnormal skin wrinkling and laxity, due to decreased elastin synthesis or structural extracellular matrix defects. We have explored elastin metabolism in a case of adult onset cutis laxa localized to the upper body of a woman. For this purpose, we obtained skin biopsies from affected and unaffected skin areas of the patient and analyzed these with microscopy, polymerase chain reaction, western blotting and cell culture experiments. Skin from the affected area lacked elastin fibers in electron microscopy but had higher mRNA expression of elastin and total RNA. Levels of an apparent tropoelastin degradation product were higher in the affected area. Fibroblast cultures from the affected area were able to produce elastin and showed higher proliferation and survival after oxidative and UVB stress compared to fibroblasts from the unaffected area. In conclusion, we report a case of acquired localized cutis laxa with a lack of elastic fibers in the skin of the patient's upper body. The lack of elastic fibers in the affected skin was combined with increased mRNA expression and protein levels of elastin. These findings indicate that elastin synthesis was increased but did not lead to deposited elastic fibers in the tissue.
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Yu, Betty, Soo-Young Kang, Ariya Akthakul, Nithin Ramadurai, Morgan Pilkenton, Alpesh Patel, Amir Nashat, et al. "An elastic second skin." Nature Materials 15, no. 8 (May 9, 2016): 911–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nmat4635.

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Kim, Man-Seok, Ko-Eun Chun, Dong-Keun Lee, and Seh-Hyon Song. "Evaluation of the Efficacy of an Elastin-Inducing Composition Containing Amino Acids, Copper, and Hyaluronic Acid: Results of an Open Single-Center Clinical Trial Study." Cosmetics 9, no. 3 (May 16, 2022): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cosmetics9030051.

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The degradation and reduction in number of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins are representative biological changes associated with decreased elasticity resulting in various skin problems. Elastin is an ECM protein that plays an important role in maintaining the skin’s structure. It is highly elastic and helps the tissue regain its shape after stretching or contracting. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of the product containing amino acids, copper, and hyaluronic acid on the improvement of skin aging. A small open single-center study involved four treatments performed on five subjects at 1-week intervals with Elastic Lab®. As a result, eye wrinkles, skin moisture, inner elasticity, thickness, and density were improved 1 week after the last treatment in all subjects compared to the baseline. Among all evaluation items, skin elasticity, thickness, and density showed significant increases. Therefore, by using a composition containing amino acids, minerals, and hyaluronic acid, the biosynthesis of elastin and collagen in the skin increases, restoring skin elasticity and improving various skin problems.
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Khoo, Chin Koi, Flora Salim, and Jane Burry. "Designing Architectural Morphing Skins with Elastic Modular Systems." International Journal of Architectural Computing 9, no. 4 (December 2011): 397–419. http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/1478-0771.9.4.397.

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This paper discusses the issues of designing architectural skins that can be physically morphed to adapt to changing needs. To achieve this architectural vision, designers have focused on developing mechanical joints, components, and systems for actuation and kinetic transformation. However, the unexplored approach of using lightweight elastic form-changing materials provides an opportunity for designing responsive architectural skins and skeletons with fewer mechanical operations. This research aims to develop elastic modular systems that can be applied as a second skin or brise-soleil to existing buildings. The use of the second skin has the potential to allow existing buildings to perform better in various climatic conditions and to provide a visually compelling skin. This approach is evaluated through three design experiments with prototypes, namely Tent, Curtain and Blind, to serve two fundamental purposes: Comfort and Communication. These experimental prototypes explore the use of digital and physical computation embedded in form-changing materials to design architectural morphing skins that manipulate sunlight and act as responsive shading devices.
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Schwartz, E., and R. Fleischmajer. "Association of elastin with oxytalan fibers of the dermis and with extracellular microfibrils of cultured skin fibroblasts." Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry 34, no. 8 (August 1986): 1063–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/34.8.3525665.

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The formation of a mature elastic fiber is thought to proceed by the deposition of elastin on pre-existing microfibrils (10-12 nm in diameter). Immunohistochemical evidence has suggested that in developing tissues such as aorta and ligamentum nuchae, small amounts of elastin are associated with microfibrils but are not detected at the light microscopic and ultrastructural levels. Dermal tissue contains a complex elastic fiber system consisting of three types of fibers--oxytalan, elaunin, and elastic--which are believed to differ in their relative contents of microfibrils and elastin. According to ultrastructural analysis, oxytalan fibers contain only microfibrils, elaunin fibers contain small quantities of amorphous elastin, and elastic fibers are predominantly elastin. Using indirect immunofluorescence techniques, we demonstrate in this study that nonamorphous elastin is associated with the oxytalan fibers. Frozen sections of normal skin were incubated with antibodies directed against human aortic alpha elastin and against microfibrillar proteins isolated from cultured calf aortic smooth muscle cells. The antibodies to the microfibrillar proteins and elastin reacted strongly with the oxytalan fibers of the upper dermis. Oxytalan fibers therefore are composed of both microfibrils and small amounts of elastin. Elastin was demonstrated extracellularly in human skin fibroblasts in vitro by indirect immunofluorescence. The extracellular association of nonamorphous elastin and microfibrils on similar fibrils was visualized by immunoelectron microscopy. Treatment of these cultures with sodium dodecyl sulfate/mercaptoethanol (SDS/ME) solubilized tropoelastin and other proteins that reacted with the antibodies to the microfibrillar proteins. It was concluded that the association of the microfibrils with nonamorphous elastin in intact dermis and cultured human skin fibroblasts may represent the initial step in elastogenesis.
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Ateş Özdemir, Deniz, and Kader Susesi. "The Potential Use of Elastic Tissue Autofluorescence in Formalin-fixed Paraffin-embedded Skin Biopsies." Acta Medica 53, no. 1 (March 17, 2022): 37–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.32552/2022.actamedica.655.

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Autofluorescence (AF) or naïve-florescence is the natural emission of light by biomolecules. During florescence microscope examination, we realized that elastic tissue is brighter or more autoflourescent than collagen and other biomolecules/cells in the skin. Consequently, we decided to review elastic tissue-related pathologies under a florescence microscope and to report the possible benefits of this technique from selected cases from the paraffin-block archive, by using the protease digestion immunofluorescence method. Selected and clinic-pathologically confirmed 3 elastofibroma dorsi, 3 pseudoxanthoma elasticum, 3 anetoderma, 3 arteriovenous malformations, 3 temporal arteritis, 3 scar tissue and 3 highly solar-damaged samples of skin from 2014-2019 were retrieved. Under the fluorescent microscope, coarse, thick and globularly-fragmented elastic fibers of elastofibroma dorsi, shortened, irregular and convoluted elastic fibers of pseudoxanthoma elasticum, internal elastic membranes of arteries and their integrity was visualized. None of the anetoderma cases had any signal representing elastic tissue. It was shown that elastic tissue can be observed easily under fluorescence microscope in the case of FFPE tissues. The resulting autofluorescence can be useful in recognizing elastic tissue-related pathologies, and it may be used as an ancillary or an alternative method to routine histochemical techniques.
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Kielty, Cay M., Michael J. Sherratt, and C. Adrian Shuttleworth. "Elastic fibres." Journal of Cell Science 115, no. 14 (July 15, 2002): 2817–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jcs.115.14.2817.

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Elastic fibres are essential extracellular matrix macromolecules comprising an elastin core surrounded by a mantle of fibrillin-rich microfibrils. They endow connective tissues such as blood vessels, lungs and skin with the critical properties of elasticity and resilience. The biology of elastic fibres is complex because they have multiple components, a tightly regulated developmental deposition, a multi-step hierarchical assembly and unique biomechanical functions. However, their molecular complexity is at last being unravelled by progress in identifying interactions between component molecules, ultrastructural analyses and studies of informative mouse models.
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Fanning, J. C., J. F. White, J. Kumaratilake, M. A. Gibson, and E. G. Cleary. "Immunoelectron microscopy in normal and diseased elastic tissues." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 45 (August 1987): 620–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100127530.

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Elastic tissue is recognised to be composed of a major amorphous component (consisting of the protein elastin) and a lesser microfibrillar component (complex structures containing at least two glycoproteins). The study of the components of elastic fibers in developing tissues has been hampered by the difficulty of establishing that the amorphous component is distinguishable from other amorphous structures. This is particularly a problem when the elastic material is deranged, so that the amorphous component is atypical in appearance. We have developed, in rabbits, and then affinity-purified, polyclonal antibodies to each of elastin (the amorphous component), “reductive guanidine extracts” of fetal bovine nuchal ligament and to a microfibril-associated glycoprotein (MAGP) isolated from these extracts.Samples of fetal and adult bovine tissues, including aorta, skin and nuchal ligament; and human tissues; including skin, aorta and breast cancers, were fixed for 4 h in 4% paraformaldehyde and 0.2% glutaraldehyde in phosphate buffered saline, pH 7.4, containing 4% sucrose and 5% polyvinyl pyrolidine;
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Skin elastic"

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Ita, Kevin Bassey. "Skin delivery of selected hydrophilic drugs used in the treatment of skin diseases associated with HIV/AIDS by using elastic liposomes / Kevin Bassey Ita." Thesis, North-West University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/302.

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Due to the immuncompromised status of AIDS patients, secondary infections and malignancies are common. Conditions secondary to AIDS for which patients require treatment include Karposi's sarcoma (treated with methotrexate), varicella-zoster (treated with antivirals such as acyclovir) and herpes simplex (also treated with antivirals like acyclovir or idoxuridme). However the clinical efficacy of these drugs is limited by poor skin permeability. Few reports, however, have dealt with the delivery of low molecular weight hydrophilic drugs from these vesicles (El Maghraby et al, 2000). The aim of our study was to investigate in vitro permeation of methotrexate, acyclovir and idoxuridine across human epidermal membrane from elastic liposomes. The intent was to establish whether formulation of these hydrophilic drugs into elastic liposomes would enhance their skin permeation parameters. We developed and validated high-performance liquid chromatographic techniques for quantitative analysis of methotrexate, idoxuridine and acyclovir. Elastic liposomes were prepared from various phospholipids- phosphatidylcholine 78.6%; phosphatidylcholine 50%; hydrogenated phosphatidylcholine 90%; phosphatidylcholine 95% and surfactants - sodium cholate, sodium deoxycholate, Span 20, 40, 60, 80. These vesicles were characterised by transmission electron microscopy. The solubilities of methotrexate, acyclovir and idoxuridine were determined. Phospholipon G (95% phosphatidylcholine) was chosen for the preparation of the liposomes with different surfactants. Permeation of methotrexate, acyclovir and idoxuridme from these vesicles across human epidermal membrane was investigated. Flux values for methotrexate, acyclovir and idoxuridine values (J) obtained by curve-fitting of data using Easyplot were compared to those obtained by linear regression. We used Student's t-test to determine statistically significant differences in the flux values of the formulations. A computer program http://www.physics.csbsju.edu/stats/ttest- bulk-form.html was used for this purpose. Our results indicate that there are no statistically significant differences between flux values from elastic liposomes and saturated aqueous solutions.
Thesis (Ph.D. (Pharmaceutics))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2004.
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Saville, Charis Rowan. "Hormonal modulation of ageing skin microstructure and mechanical properties." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2017. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/hormonal-modulation-of-ageing-skin-microstructure-and-mechanical-properties(fa635be5-a695-4b7a-989a-43db3868237b).html.

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Ageing tissue is characterised by an alteration in mechanical properties, with tissues becoming increasingly fragile, stiff and less resilient over time. This can lead to a loss of function in tissues which undergo a high degree of stretch and recoil, such as the skin, blood vessels and lungs. These changes are attributed to remodelling of the dermal extra cellular matrix (ECM) proteins which endow tissue with its mechanical properties. Principally the fibrillar collagens provide tensile strength, complemented by the elastic fibres which confer resilience and allow tissues to recoil following deformation. Intriguingly, at the time of menopause, which sees the cessation of the majority of circulating estrogen, skin undergoes accelerated ageing. This strongly suggests a direct link between circulating estrogen and youthful skin. Using an ovariectomised (Ovx) mouse model of human menopause the link between ageing, estrogen deficiency and the dermal ECM proteins was explored. Mechanical testing revealed a significant reduction in the tensile strength, Young’s modulus and stress relaxation time of estrogen deprived tissue, indicating postmenopausal skin would be weaker, more lax and less able to withstand sustained force. Corresponding histological analysis highlighted the elastic fibres are dramatically reduced by estrogen deprivation with seemingly little effects on the fibrillar collagen abundance or alignment. Direct comparison between Ovx and age, reveals age affects mechanical properties in a completely opposing way, with aged tissue higher in tensile strength, Young’s modulus and stress relaxation time compared to control and Ovx. Proteomic analysis by mass spectrometry confirmed elastic fibres to be highly sensitive to estrogen levels. Additionally small leucine rich proteoglycans (SLRP’s) were also significantly reduced by estrogen deficiency, which could affect collagen fibrillogenesis and leave tissue weaker and more susceptible to damage. Despite the opposing effects on mechanical properties, ageing and estrogen deficiency had comparable effects on ECM abundance, suggesting the amount of ECM is not a predictor of mechanical properties; however disparity may be in part due to increased advanced glycation end product crosslinking. Further investigation suggests the mechanism for elastic fibre degradation may be via significant subcutaneous adipose hypertrophy and/or increased gelatinase activity. Both estrogen replacement and stimulation of estrogen receptor α with the agonist 2,3-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-propionitrile (PPT) were found to prevent elastic fibre degradation and adipose hypertrophy. Additionally these treatments were also found to induce key elastic fibre proteins in both the mouse model and cultured human dermal fibroblasts. A deeper understanding of estrogen mediated ECM remodelling offers opportunities for targeted pharmacological intervention to slow the effects of menopause and ageing.
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MOTA, DANIEL EL JAICK DE SOUZA. "NUMERICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS OF THE BEHAVIOR OF SKIN EXPANDERS ON ELASTIC FOUNDATION." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2006. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=9015@1.

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COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR
Apesar do conhecimento do comportamento de estruturas sobre base elástica ser importante para a engenharia de forma geral, a motivação deste trabalho está focada na Biomecânica, nos nossos trabalhos envolvendo o grupo de pesquisa da Clínica do Dr.Ivo Pitanguy e da Santa Casa de Misericórdia. Em tese recente de Doutorado, foi realizada uma modelagem da técnica cirúrgica de expansão da pele. A expansão da pele é um processo fisiológico, definido como a capacidade que a pele tem de aumentar sua área superficial em resposta a uma deformação imposta. Durante as expansões acompanhadas pode- se observar que dependendo da região em que o expansor é implantado seu comportamento pode ser bastante distinto. Expansores que são implantados no couro cabeludo iniciam a expansão da pele assim que é introduzida a solução salina no expansor. Quando o expansor é implantado em regiões com mais gordura, como por exemplo na coxa, a expansão da pele não se inicia imediatamente tendo em vista que o expansor se deforma para dentro, pressionando a gordura (que oferece menos resistência) e não a pele. Este comportamento ocasiona abertura dos pontos na cicatriz e pode chegar a inviabilizar todo o processo de expansão naquela região. Para a simulação do processo de expansão da pele, foi feita a expansão com lençol de borracha e para a base elástica foi usado um conjunto que consistia em uma bexiga elástica preenchida com um material viscoso no seu interior. Este trabalho é pioneiro em investigar tanto numérica quanto experimentalmente o comportamento da expansão de lençóis de borracha sobre base rígida e base elástica, comparando o seu comportamento. Os resultados numéricos e experimentais da expansão do lençol de borracha tiveram uma boa concordância e a análise paramétrica da espessura do lençol de borracha comprovou a importância da obtenção mais precisa da espessura da pele pelos médicos, já que as pressões verificadas são bem diferentes para cada espessura. Foram estudadas diversas equações constitutivas, procurando a que melhor descrevesse o processo da expansão da pele. A formulação do material Neo-Hookeano obteve os melhores resultados para o lençol de borracha. Também foi feito um estudo com a formulação de energia de Delfino para estudar a expansão da pele humana.
Despite the knowledge of the behavior of structures on elastic base being important for the engineering of general form, the motivation of this work is focused in the Biomechanics, in our works involving the group of research of the Clinic of the Dr.Ivo Pitanguy and the Saint Casa de Misericórdia. In recent thesis of Dsc., a modeling of the surgical technique of expansion of the skin was carried through. The expansion of the skin is a physiological process, defined as the capacity that the skin has to increase its superficial area in reply to an imposed deformation. During the expansions it could be observed that depending on the region where the expander is implanted its behavior could be sufficiently distinct. Expanders who are implanted on the head initiate the expansion of the skin immediately when the saline solution is introduced in the expander. When the expander is implanted in regions with more fat, as for example in the thigh, the expansion of the skin does not initiate immediately in view of that the expander is deformed to the inner part, pressuring the fat (that offers little resistance) and not the skin. This behavior causes opening of the points in the scar and can make impracticable the process of expansion in that region. For the simulation the process of skin expansion, it was made an expansion with rubber sheet and a set was used for the elastic base that consisted of a filled elastic bladder with a viscous material in its interior. This work is pioneer in investigating numerical and experimentally the behavior of the rubber sheet expansion on rigid base and elastic base, comparing its behavior. The numerical and experimental results of the expansion of the rubber sheet had a good agreement and the parametric analysis of the thickness of the rubber sheet proved the importance of a precise measure of the skin thickness by the doctors, since the verified pressures are different for each thickness. Diverse constituent equations had been studied, looking the one that better described the process of the expansion of the skin. The formularization of the Neo-Hook material got the best results for the rubber sheet. Also a study with the formularization of energy of Delfino was made to study the expansion of the human skin.
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Kokorev, A. E., A. O. Kiriak, and О. Г. Аврунін. "Some Models of Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Skin in the Context of Plastic Surgery." Thesis, Kharkiv, KNURE, 2019. http://openarchive.nure.ua/handle/document/10196.

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Andersson, Ida, and Anders Hedvall. "Relationships Between Skin Properties and Body Water Level." Thesis, KTH, Medicinsk teknik, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-133438.

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A need for a quantitative method to determine body water level has been identified by a team of Clinical Innovation Fellows at the Centre for Technology in Medicine and Health (CTMH). A reliable way to determine body water level would bring great benefits to the healthcare sector, where no optimal method is available at the time of writing. A possible solution is a sensor that would measure alterations in skin properties due to changes in total body water. CTMH has had an idea of such a sensor, which is evaluated in this work. At an early stage of this evaluation process, it became clear that the research regarding correlations between skin properties and body hydration level was not sufficient to warrant the initiation of a sensor development process. Therefore, the main objective of this thesis became to investigate such correlations. An extensive literature review is presented, from which an experiment was developed. The experiment was performed on four human test subjects and involved measurements of skin thickness and elasticity parameters, before and after a weight loss of 3.2-3.7 % due to dehydration. The results showed clear decreases in skin thickness and indications of alterations in skin distensibility as well as in the skin’s immediate elastic response to applied negative pressure. It could also be seen that skin at different body sites does not respond in the same way - calves showed more distinct results than thighs and volar forearm. The material provided in this thesis encourages further studies of the correlation between the mentioned properties and total body water. If a predictable correlation can be found, a sensor development process could start. A reliable way to determine body water level would bring great benefits to the healthcare sector, where no optimal method is available at the time of writing.
Ett behov av att kvantitativt kunna mäta kroppens vattennivå har identifierats av Clinical Innovation Fellowship vid Centrum för Teknik i Medicin och Hälsa (CTMH). Ett tillförlitligt sätt att mäta kroppens vattennivå skulle gynna hälso- och sjukvården på många sätt då ingen optimal metod är tillgänglig i dagsläget. En möjlig lösning skulle kunna vara en sensor som mäter variationer i hudegenskaper till följd av förändringar i kroppens vattennivå. CTMH har haft en idé om en sådan sensor, vilken utvärderas i detta arbete. I ett tidigt skede av utvärderingsprocessen framkom det tydligt att tillräcklig forskning saknades gällande korrelationer mellan hudens egenskaper och kroppens vattennivå. Det huvudsakliga syftet med detta masterexamensarbete blev därför att undersöka sådana korrelationer. En omfattande litteraturgransking gjordes, och utifrån denna utformades ett experiment. Experimentet utfördes på fyra testpersoner och innefattade mätningar av hudens tjocklek samt elasticitetsparameterar. Dessa utfördes före och efter viktnedgång av 3,2-3,7 % till följd av vattenförlust. Resultaten visade på en tydlig minskning av hudtjockleken samt indikationer på förändringar av hudens tänjbarhet samt dess omedelbara elastiska respons vid pålagt negativt tryck. Det visade sig också att huden inte reagerar på samma sätt på olika kroppsdelar - vader visade tydligare förändringar jämfört med lår och armar. Det material som presenteras i detta examensarbete uppmuntrar till fortsatt utredning av korrelationer mellan de nämnda hudegenskaperna och kroppens vattennivå. Om det går att förutse korrelationer finns det förutsättningar för att påbörja utveckling av en sensor.
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Jayawardana, K. "Mathematical theory of shells on elastic foundations : an analysis of boundary forms, constraints, and applications to friction and skin abrasion." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2016. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1532145/.

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In this thesis we examine the behaviour of shells supported by elastic foundations. We begin by critically analysing the existing literature on the study of thin objects such as films, plates, membranes and shells, and we highlight their limitations, validity and present correct formulations when possible. We also do the same for various frictional laws, in particular, Coulomb's law of static friction. Then, we extend the capstan equation to noncircular geometries by modelling membranes supported by rigid foundations in presence of friction. We provide closed-form solutions and compare them to other similar existing models in the literature. Then, we begin the study of shells supported by elastic foundations. We treat the bonded case as a boundary form and prove the existence and the uniqueness of solutions, and thus, prove it is a mathematical theory and not merely a mathematical model. To conclude this case we conduct numerical experiments and compare the results against existing models in the literature. Finally, we introduce a constraint and assert that this condition is analogous to classical frictional laws. This constraint is then used to model shells supported by elastic foundations with friction. As with the previous case, we again prove the existence and the uniqueness of solutions, and conclude by conducting numerical experiments and comparing the results against existing models in the literature. Applications for our work can be found in cable drive electronic systems, curvilinear stretchable electronics and modelling skin abrasion.
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Patriota, Regia Celli Ribeiro. "Estudo comparativo pré e pós luz intensa pulsada no tratamento do fotoenvelhecimento cutâneo: avaliação clínica, histopatológica e imunoistoquímica." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5133/tde-10092009-115612/.

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Introdução: A luz intensa pulsada(LIP) tem sido muito utilizada no tratamento do fotoenvelhecimento sem completo conhecimento de seu mecanismo de ação. Métodos: Foram acompanhados 26 pacientes apresentando fotoenvelhecimento grau II-III (GLOGAU, 1994), os quais foram submetidas à avaliação clínica , histológica e imunoistoquímica 6 e 12 meses após o término do tratamento com LIP. Foram realizadas cinco sessões com intervalos de trinta dias. Além da quantificação histomorfométrica das fibras colágenas e elásticas na derme, foram avaliados CD1, CD4, CD8 e ICAM-1. Resultados: Após 6 meses houve melhora clínica moderada e intensa em 76,92% dos casos e a nota média de satisfação foi 8,57 correspondendo à melhora moderada. Após 12 meses do término do tratamento observou-se que 51,52% das pacientes apresentaram uma melhora clínica moderada em relação à clínica inicial. Os efeitos colaterais foram eritema (11/26), edema (10/26), ardência (7/26) e crostas (8/26). A quantificação das fibras colágenas mostrou aumento médio de 51,33% proporção média de fibra colágena na derme após 6 meses de tratamento e o aumento em relação a 12 meses do término do tratamento foi 30,17%; as fibras elásticas mostraram aumento de 44,13% após 6 meses e aumento de 143,19% após 12 meses do término do tratamento. Na análise imunoistoquímica não houve alteração de CD1 e CD8. Em relação ao CD4 houve redução significante após 12 meses do término do tratamento. Quanto ao ICAM-1 houve aumento em 6 meses com retorno aos níveis normais após 12 meses do término do tratamento. Conclusão: A melhora clínica observada foi comprovada pelo estudo histopatológico, que mostrou aumento das fibras colágenas e elásticas na derme. Após 12 meses do término do tratamento observou-se discreta redução do aspecto clínico da pele correlacionado ao histopatológico. Poucos efeitos colaterais foram observados, sendo todos reversíveis. Desta forma, a LIP constitui boa opção de tratamento para o fotoenvelhecimento cutâneo, sendo uma técnica não ablativa, segura e eficaz.
Introduction: The intense pulsed light has been used in the treatment of photoaging without full knowledge of its mechanism of action. Material and Methods: 26 patients were followed-up presenting photoaging grade II-III (GLOGAU, 1994), who were submitted to clinical evaluation, histological and immunohistochemistry 6 and 12 months after the treatment termination with LIP. Five sessions were made with 30-day intervals. In addition to histomorphometric quantification of collagen and elastic fibers in the dermis, CD1, CD4, CD8 and ICAM-1 were evaluated. Results: After 6 months there were moderate and intense clinical improvement on 76.92% of the cases and the mean score of satisfaction was 8.57 corresponding to moderate improvement. After 12 months of the treatment termination, it was observed that 51.52% of the patients presented a moderate clinical improvement in relation to initial clinic. The side effects were erythema (11/26), edema (10/26), burning (7/26) and crusts (8/26). The quantification of collagen fibers has shown mean increase of 51.33% in the dermis after 6 months of treatment and the increase regarding to 12 months of the treatment termination was of 30.17%; the elastic fibers has shown an increase of 44.13% after 6 months and increase of 143.19% after 12 months of the treatment termination. In the immunohistochemistry analysis there was no alteration of CD1 and CD8. In relation to CD4, there was a significant reduction after 12 months of treatment termination. Regarding the ICAM-1, there was an increase in 6 months with return to normal levels after 12 months of treatment termination. Conclusion: The observed clinical improvement was verified by the histopathologic study, which showed increase in the elastic and collagen fibers in the dermis. After 12 months of treatment termination, it was observed a discrete reduction of clinical aspect of skin correlated to histopathology. A few side effects were observed, being all reversible. Thus, LIP constitutes good option of treatment for skin photoageing, being a non-ablative, safe and effective technique.
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Jobeili, Lara. "Évolution de modèles tridimensionnels de peau reconstruite pour approfondir la connaissance des mécanismes du vieillissement cutané et validation de l’efficacité « anti-âge » du sélénium." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE1044/document.

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La peau et son vieillissement sont un enjeu de santé publique. Les modèles expérimentaux disponibles pour l'étude du vieillissement cutané restent perfectibles. Dans ce contexte, nos objectifs étaient simultanément d'utiliser les modèles de peaux reconstruites (PR) développés dans notre laboratoire afin i) de mieux comprendre les mécanismes du vieillissement cutané, ii) de démontrer l'efficacité et le mécanisme d'action du sélénium comme « anti âge » et enfin iii) de les faire évoluer en utilisant le support poreux ou auto-assemblé avec des fibroblastes du même donneur prélevés à des âges différents. Ainsi, le modèle de PR cultivé sur une longue période a montré une surexpression du microARN miR30-a par RT qPCR dans les PR « âgées » avec une altération de la fonction barrière mesurée par la perte insensible en eau et une perturbation de la différenciation terminale (baisse d'expression de la loricrine et de l'involucrine). Avec le même modèle in vitro, nos résultats démontrent que la supplementation en sélénium retarde la sénescence des kératinocytes souches. Cette efficacité passe non pas par un effet antioxydant comme attendu mais par l'activation de leur adhésion à la lame basale, qui participe à les conserver souche et donc à préserver le renouvellement épidermique. Enfin, nous avons eu la chance exceptionnelle de préparer des PR avec des fibroblastes provenant d'un donneur unique prélevé à 36 et 72 ans. Les résultats immunohistologiques montrent que l'âge induit une augmentation de l'expression de l'élastine et de la fibrilline ainsi que leur co-expression. L'augmentation de LTBP1 et aSMA suggère que cette augmentation inattendue est due à une dérégulation de la voie TGF-ß et une différenciation des fibroblastes en myofibroblastes. En conclusion l'utilisation de différents modèles de PR a permis d'explorer les mécanismes conduisant au vieillissement cutané et de démontrer l'efficacité du sélénium comme anti âge
Skin and its aging is a public health issue. In vitro skin models available for the study aging remain perfectible. In this context, our objectives were simultaneously to use skin equivalent (SE) developed in our laboratory i) to better understand mechanisms of skin aging, ii) to demonstrate the effectiveness of selenium as “anti-aging” and finally iii) to improve SE using the porous or scaffold free model with fibroblasts from the same donor at different ages. Thus, the model of SE mimicking senescence showed an overexpression of microRNA miR30-a by RT qPCR in old SE with an alteration of the barrier function measured by the transepidermal water loss and a deficiency of epidermal terminal differentiation (decreased expression of loricrin and involucrin). With the same SE model, our results demonstrate that selenium supplementation delays the senescence of keratinocytes stem cells. This effectiveness does not involve antioxidant effect as expected but the activation of their adhesion to the basement membrane, which participates in preserving stemness and epidermal renewal. Finally, we had the opportunity to prepare SE with fibroblasts from a single donor at 36 and 72 years old. The histological results show that age induces an increase in the expression of elastin and fibrillin as well as their co-expression. The increase of LTBP1 and aSMA suggests that this unexpected increase is due to deregulation of the TGF-ß pathway and fibroblasts differentiation into myofibroblasts. In conclusion, the use of different models of SE helps us to explore some mechanisms leading to skin aging and to demonstrate the efficacy of selenium as “anti-aging”
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Diaz-Ayil, Gilberto. "Spectroscopie optique multi-modalités in vivo : instrumentation, extraction et classification diagnostique de tissus sains et hyperplasiques cutanés." Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009INPL085N/document.

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L’incidence des cancers cutanés est en constante progression. Leur diagnostic précoce et leur caractérisation in vivo constituent donc un enjeu important. Une approche multimodale et non invasive en spectroscopie fibrée résolue spatialement a été implémentée. L’instrumentation développée permet des mesures co-localisées en multiple excitation d’AutoFluorescence (AF, 7 pics entre 360 et 430 nm) et en Réflectance Diffuse (RD, 390 à 720 nm) résolues spatialement à 5 distances inter-fibres (entre 271 et 1341 µm). Le protocole expérimental a porté sur les stades précoces de cancers cutanés UV-induits sur un modèle pré-clinique. L’analyse histopathologique a permis de définir 4 classes de référence de tissus cutanés : Sain (S), Hyperplasie Compensatoire (HC), Hyperplasie Atypique (HA) et Dysplasie (D), menant à 6 combinaisons de paires histologiques à discriminer. Suite au prétraitement des spectres bruts acquis, puis à l’extraction, la sélection et la réduction de jeux de caractéristiques spectroscopiques, les performances de trois algorithmes de classification supervisée ont été comparées : k-Plus Proches Voisins, Analyse Discriminante Linéaire et Machine à Vecteur de Support. Différentes modalités ont également été évaluées : mono-excitation d’AF seule, Matrices d’Excitation-Emission en AF seules (EEMs), RD seule, couplage EEMs – RD et couplage EEMs – RD résolue spatialement. L’efficacité finale de notre méthode diagnostique a été évaluée en termes de sensibilité (Se) et de spécificité (Sp). Les meilleures résultats obtenus sont : Se et Sp ≈ 100% pour discriminer HC vs autres ; Sp ≈ 100% et Se > 95% pour discriminer S vs HA ou D ; Sp ≈ 74% et Se ≈ 63% pour HA vs D
The incidence of skin cancers is steadily increasing. Their in vivo early diagnosis and characterization is an important issue. An approach noninvasive: the spatially resolved multi-modality spectroscopy has been implemented. The instrumentation developed allows to co-localized measures in multiple AutoFluorescence excitation (AF, 7 peaks between 360 and 430 nm) and Diffuse Reflectance (DR, 390 to 720 nm) spatially resolved at 5 inter-fiber distances (between 271 and 1341 μm). The experimental protocol was focused on the early stages of skin cancer UV-induced in a preclinical model. Four reference classes were defined based on the histopathological analysis of the skin samples: Healthy (H), Compensatory Hyperplasia (CH), Atypical Hyperplasia (AH) and Dysplasia (D), leading to 6 combinations of class pairs to be discriminated. After preprocessing of the raw spectra, extraction, selection and reduction of the most discriminative spectroscopic data set were performed. Then, the efficacy of three supervised classification algorithms was compared: k-Nearest Neighbors, Linear Discriminant Analysis and Support Vector Machine. The contribution of the different modalities was also evaluated: single AF excitation alone, Excitation-Emission Matrices AF (EEMs) alone, DR alone, coupling of EEMs and RD, coupling of EEMs and DR with spatial resolution. The final efficiency of our diagnostic method was evaluated in terms of sensitivity (Se) and specificity (Sp). The best results obtained are: Se and Sp ≈ 100% for discriminating CH vs others; Sp ≈ 100% and Se> 95% for discriminating AH or D vs H; Sp ≈ 74% and Se ≈ 63% to discriminate AH vs D
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Neocleous, Vassos K. "UVR effects on collagen and elastin gene products in mouse skin." Thesis, London Metropolitan University, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.287619.

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Books on the topic "Skin elastic"

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The Skin Is the Elastic Covering that Encases the Entire Body. Two Lines Press, 2019.

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Neocleous, Vassos K. UVR effects oo collagen and elastin gene products in mouse skin. 1997.

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Book chapters on the topic "Skin elastic"

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Yan, Jie, Cheng Tan, Qing Miao, Wei Liu, Dong-Lai Ma, Gang Wang, Yi-Ming Fan, et al. "Dermal Elastic Tissue Diseases." In Atlas of Skin Disorders, 205–20. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-8037-1_16.

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van Geest, A. J., C. P. M. Franken, and H. A. M. Neumann. "Medical Elastic Compression Stockings in the Treatment of Venous Insufficiency." In Textiles and the Skin, 98–107. Basel: KARGER, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000072240.

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Uitto, Jouni, Sylvia Hsu-Wong, Stacy D. Katchman, Muhammad M. Bashir, and Joel Rosenbloom. "Skin Elastic Fibres: Regulation of Human Elastin Promoter Activity in Transgenic Mice." In Novartis Foundation Symposia, 237–58. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470514771.ch13.

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Magtanong, Emarc, Akihiko Yamaguchi, Kentaro Takemura, Jun Takamatsu, and Tsukasa Ogasawara. "Inverse Kinematics Solver for Android Faces with Elastic Skin." In Latest Advances in Robot Kinematics, 181–88. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-4620-6_23.

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Wilhelm, K. P., A. B. Cua, and H. I. Maibach. "In Vivo Study on Age-Related Elastic Properties of Human Skin." In Noninvasive Methods for the Quantification of Skin Functions, 190–203. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-78157-5_12.

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Sarkar, Sayantan. "Skin Segmentation Based Elastic Bunch Graph Matching for Efficient Multiple Face Recognition." In Advances in Intelligent and Soft Computing, 31–40. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-30157-5_4.

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Awwad, T., S. Al Kodsi, V. Ulitsky, A. Shashkin, and L. Awwad. "Numerical Analysis Using Elastic–Plastic Soil Model for a Single Pile in Clay Layer to Examine the Effect Surcharge Loading on the Distribution of Skin Friction." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 499–506. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-0450-1_52.

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Paul, Sharad P. "Understanding the Interplay Between Elastin and Collagen During Surgical Procedures and Their Relationship to BEST Lines." In Biodynamic Excisional Skin Tension Lines for Cutaneous Surgery, 25–33. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-71495-0_3.

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Shiratsuchi, Eri, Misako Nakaba, Yasutaka Shigemura, Michio Yamada, and Kenji Sato. "Fish-elastin Hydrolysate: Development and Impact on the Skin and Blood Vessels." In Marine Proteins and Peptides, 467–86. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118375082.ch23.

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Weedon, David. "Disorders of elastic tissue." In Weedon's Skin Pathology, 331–51. Elsevier, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-7020-3485-5.00013-9.

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Conference papers on the topic "Skin elastic"

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Riemenschneider, Johannes, Martin Radestock, Srinivas Vasista, Oliver Huxdorf, and Hans Peter Monner. "Droop Nose With Elastic Skin." In ASME 2016 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2016-9130.

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Morphing is a technology with high potential to reduce emissions in aviation by adapting the shape of the wings to varying external operating conditions. This paper is presenting results from the EU FP7 funded CHANGE project, where different concepts to adapt a UAV wing airfoil to different demands were investigated. The paper is concentrating on the design and experimental testing of a droop nose, which transforms the leading edge part of the 60 cm chord airfoil from a NACA 6510 shape for loiter and low speed to a NACA 2510 shape for a high speed mission. This paper is presenting the use of an especially soft skin, which reduces the needed force for morphing. That way the requirements for the servos driving the droop nose could be reduced significantly. This paper is showing the implications of such a soft design on the accuracy of the shape generated. For such a skin design, the driving mechanism of the system is designed as a compliant mechanism, which was generated by topology optimization, taking into account aerodynamic loads. For easy manufacturing reasons, thermoplastic polylactic acid (PLA) with zero warp property was used for the manufacturing of this compliant mechanism. Finally deformation measurements of the morphing skin were carried out in a series of lab tests. The match between measured and numerically derived section is quite good, especially in the root region of the wing. Finally an example of an alternative concept to the soft approach is presented. It is the metal based compliant mechanism with a rather stiff GFRP skin. A discussion on the use of different materials and the way forward towards 3D skin optimization is wrapping up the paper.
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Lacour, S. P., I. Graz, D. Cotton, S. Bauer, and S. Wagner. "Elastic components for prosthetic skin." In 2011 33rd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iembs.2011.6092065.

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Crafton, Jim, Sergey Fonov, Robert Forlines, and Larry Goss. "Skin Friction Measurements Using Elastic Films (Invited)." In 48th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting Including the New Horizons Forum and Aerospace Exposition. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2010-42.

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Canpolat, Murat, Ayşe Akman, M. Akif Çiftçioğlu, and Erkan Alpsoy. "Detecting Skin Malignancy Using Elastic Light Scattering Spectroscopy." In European Conference on Biomedical Optics. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ecbo.2007.6628_20.

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Canpolat, Murat, Ayşe Akman, M. Akif Çiftçioğlu, and Erkan Alpsoy. "Detecting skin malignancy using elastic light scattering spectroscopy." In European Conference on Biomedical Optics, edited by Dietrich Schweitzer and Maryann Fitzmaurice. SPIE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.729463.

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Xiao, Ping, and Wen-bin Zhang. "Dynamic Analysis of Skin Temperature Distribution Exerted by Elastic Pants." In 2008 International Conference on Biomedical Engineering And Informatics (BMEI). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/bmei.2008.128.

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Le, Victoria, Hiromi Yanagisawa, and Jessica Wagenseil. "Characterization of Cardiac Function and Arterial Mechanics During Early Postnatal Development in Fibulin-5 Null Mice." In ASME 2013 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2013-14282.

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Fibulin-5 is an extracellular matrix protein that interacts with other proteins during a complex process that results in elastic fiber formation from the elastin precursor, tropoelastin [1]. Elastic fibers are an important component of tissues requiring elasticity, including large arteries, lungs and skin. In mice lacking fibulin-5 ( Fbln5−/−), these tissues contain disorganized elastic fibers and exhibit decreased elasticity [2]. The phenotype of Fbln5−/− mice is similar to that of humans with cutis laxa, a connective tissue disorder characterized by loose skin and narrow arteries with reduced compliance.
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Kundu, Abhishek, F. A. DiazDelaO, Michael I. Friswell, and Sondipon Adhikari. "Uncertainty analysis of corrugated skin with random elastic parameters and surface topology." In 16th AIAA Non-Deterministic Approaches Conference. Reston, Virginia: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2014-0814.

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Abbas, Laith, Xiaoting Rui, Pier Marzocca, Mostafa Abdalla, and Roeland De Breuker. "Nonlinear Aero-Thermo-Visco-Elastic Behavior of Geometrically Imperfect Curved Skin Panel." In 50th AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2009-2596.

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Arena, Maurizio, Rosario Pecora, Francesco Amoroso, Maria Chiara Noviello, Francesco Rea, and Antonio Concilio. "Aeroelastic analysis of an adaptive trailing edge with a smart elastic skin." In 2017 THE 2ND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENERGY ENGINEERING AND SMART MATERIALS: ICEESM 2017. Author(s), 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5002521.

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