Journal articles on the topic 'Skin Diseases Malaysia'
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Khoo, C. K., R. Dahlan, Z. Mat Desa, P. N. A. Syarina, S. S. H. Mohd. Salim, Z. Barker, M. H. Abu Hassan, R. Hassan, and F. H. Mohd Saeid. "Molecular Detection of Lumpy Skin Disease Virus in Malaysia 2021." International Journal of Infectious Diseases 116 (March 2022): S64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2021.12.150.
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Ridzuan, P. M., K. Proveen, and Kamarulzaman Siti-Arffah. "Isolation of Dermatophytes from Infected Stray Dogs in Selangor, Malaysia." Jurnal Berkala Epidemiologi 9, no. 2 (May 25, 2021): 123. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jbe.v9i22021.123-129.
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Background: Dermatophytosis is one of the most common skin diseases that affects cats and dogs. Geographic factors play an important role in determining prevalence, showing high rates of prevalence in warm and humid environments. Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine the macroscopic and microscopic identification of different types of dermatophytes present on stray dogs. Methods: The design of this study was laboratory-based research. Each sample was collected from an infection site (nail, hair, or skin) that was identified by conducting a physical examination of a stray dog that was infected with fungi. The skin scraping, nail clipping, and fur cutting samples were collected from infected dogs and then cultured on Sabouraud Dextrose Agar (SDA). The cultures were incubated at 26°C for five weeks. The isolates of fungi were then examined macroscopically and microscopically. The Lactophenol Cotton Blue (LPCB) staining technique was used for fungi morphology identification. Results: Overall, the most common type of dermatophytes that affected the dogs were Trichophyton spp. (64.70%), Aspergillus spp. (10.10%), Microsporum spp. (7.20%), and Curvularia spp. (5.60%). Conclusion: This study revealed the most common dermatophyte infections found on stray dogs in Selangor, Malaysia. This study can assist investigators in understanding the prevalence of the dermatophyte burden in stray dogs and help prevent further complication, such as the spread of illness, especially zoonotic infection.
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Yusof, Muhammad Zubir, Nik Ahmad Kamal Nik Mahmod, Nor Azlina A. Rahman, Ailin Razali, Niza Samsuddin, Nik Mohamed Nizan Nik Mohamed, Muhammad Shaqif Syed Jamaludin, Amalina Mohd Roze, and Ahmad Fitri Abdullah Hair. "PREVALENCE OF OCCUPATIONAL DISEASES AMONG SMALL AND MEDIUM INDUSTRY WORKERS IN MALAYSIA: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW." Journal of Clinical and Health Sciences 4, no. 2 (December 31, 2019): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.24191/jchs.v4i2.7508.
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Occupational diseases are one of the major health problems related to workplace hazards. However, the epidemiological data for this problem is scarce especially among Small and Medium Industry (SMI) workers. These workers are vulnerable to occupational health problem due to lack of knowledge and implementation of health and safety in the workplace. In Malaysia, most of the SMI workers have limited coverage for basic occupational health services which may worsen their health. Thus, this article aims to provide a review on the burden of occupational health problems among them. The electronic and library searches were used to extract the information from both published and unpublished articles that were not limited to any year of publication until 2017. One hundred and ninety-six published articles and 198 unpublished articles were retrieved from the database. Only 19 published articles and 25 unpublished articles met the eligibility criteria. Prevalence data of occupational diseases/poisoning, including overall and body specific (musculoskeletal disorders) was extracted in raw data from the eligible studies. Prevalent statistics on occupational musculoskeletal diseases (1.3% - 97.6%), noise-induced hearing loss (29.4% - 73.3%), occupational skin diseases (10.5% - 84.3%), respiratory (1.9% - 92.2%) and occupational poisoning (14.9% - 17.7%) among the working population is different within published papers compared to unpublished ones. In Malaysia, there are no specific statistic that give a true picture of the burden of occupational diseases in the SMI. However, this review concludes that musculoskeletal diseases are significant occupational problems among SMI workers.
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Kwan, Zhenli, Su-Ming Wong, Suganthy Robinson, Leng Leng Tan, and Rokiah Ismail. "Pattern of skin diseases among patients attending an outpatient dermatology clinic in a tertiary hospital in urban Malaysia." Australasian Journal of Dermatology 58, no. 4 (June 28, 2017): e267-e268. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ajd.12541.
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Lian-HuatTan, Adeeba Kamarulzaman, Chong-Kin Iiam, and Toong-Chow Lee. "Tuberculin Skin Testing Among Healthcare Workers in the University of Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia." Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 23, no. 10 (October 2002): 584–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/501975.
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Objectives:To determine the occupational risk of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection among healthcare workers (HCWs) and to examine the utility of tuberculin skin testing in a developing country with a high prevalence of bacille Calmette-Guerin vaccination.Design:Tuberculin skin test (TST) survey.Setting:A tertiary-care referral center and a teaching hospital in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.Participants:HCWs from medical, surgical, and orthopedic wards.Intervention:Tuberculin purified protein derivative RT-23 (State Serum Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark) was used for the TST (Mantoux method).Results:One hundred thirty-seven (52.1%) and 69 (26.2%) of the HCWs tested had indurations of 10 mm or greater and 15 mm or greater, respectively. Medical ward HCWs were at significantly higher risk of a positive TST reaction than were surgical or orthopedic ward HCWs (odds ratio, 2.18; 95% confidence interval, 1.33 to 3.57; P = .002 for TST positivity at 10 mm or greater) (odds ratio, 2.61; 95% confidence interval, 1.44 to 4.70; P = .002 for TST positivity at 15 mm or greater). A previous TST was a significant risk factor for a positive TST reaction at either 10 mm or greater or 15 mm or greater, but a duration of employment of more than 1 year and being a nurse were only significantly associated with a positive TST reaction at a cut-off point of 15 mm or greater.Conclusions:HCWs at the University of Malaya Medical Centre had an increased risk for M. tuberculosis infection that was significantly associated with the level of occupational tuberculosis exposure. A TST cut-off point of 15 mm or greater may correlate better with M. tuberculosis infection than a cut-off point of 10 mm or greater in settings with a high prevalence of bacille Calmette-Guerin vaccination (Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2002;23:584-590).
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Md Isa, Zaleha, Nor Rumaizah Mohd Nordin, Muhammad Hilmi Mahmud, and Syahirah Hashim. "An Update on Vitamin D Deficiency Status in Malaysia." Nutrients 14, no. 3 (January 27, 2022): 567. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14030567.
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Vitamin D is essential for maintaining serum calcium levels, ensuring sufficient bone mineralization, immunomodulatory properties, and a protective effect on the cardiovascular system, renal disease, cancer, as well as in pregnancy. Vitamin D deficiency is prevalent worldwide, and it is not related to a country’s development index. However, the data on vitamin D deficiencies are primarily taken from out-of-date, small-scale studies on target age groups or specific diseases, rather than from large-scale, population-based surveys. In Malaysia, for the past 16 years, studies were conducted involving adult men and women, pregnant women, postmenopausal women, adolescent, and children especially with specific diseases such as spina bifida, epilepsy, chronic liver disease, and atopic dermatitis. Only a few large surveys were conducted involving children and adolescents. Across the specific target population studied, vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency were seen particularly among females, Indians, and those of Malay ethnicity. This is related to widely known causes of vitamin D deficiency such as skin type (melanin) and sun avoidant lifestyles that include covering clothes, largely practiced by Malay Muslims in Malaysia. Other related causes or the high-risk groups are breastfed infants, the elderly, the obese, those on medications, and those characterized by fat malabsorption and geophysical factors. Vitamin D deficiency can be managed with pharmacological or non-pharmacological approaches, depending on the severity. The objective is to raise serum vitamin D to a normal level, hence, relieving the symptoms and reducing the adverse health outcomes. Despite no clear guidelines in treating vitamin D deficiency in Malaysia, this condition can be prevented with taking adequate vitamin D in food resources, sun exposure, or supplementation. Special attention should be given to high-risk groups including infants, obese patients, and the elderly.
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Ghassan Hadi, Mai Shihah Abdullah, and Rosmilah Misnan. "Protein profile of the most common fungi at Sultan Idris education univer-sity, Malaysia." International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 10, no. 2 (April 14, 2019): 1233–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v10i2.413.
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Fungi are vital pathogens related to airway and deferent diseases. Exposure to fungi will have adverse effects on human health through severe immune responses. Allergic diseases like allergic rhinitis, asthma, airborne dermatitis, or allergic conjunctivitis. These diseases may well be aggravated by fungi allergens from the natural atmosphere or from the indoor environment in enclosed areas, workplaces and houses. Fungi allergy prevalence for the Malaysian population has yet to be reported. Therefore, information on allergens of fungi species in Sultan Idris Education University (UPSI), Sultan Azlan Shah Campus will be used to profile the nation prevalence on fungi allergy. Hence, the present study is conducted at UPSI to identify the ten most common airborne fungal species as a preliminary work prior to sensitization study on common fungal allergens. Dust was collected from 54 rooms situated within the 3 blocks at UPSI Sultan Azlan Shah Campus buildings using a vacuum cleaner. The sieved dust was cultured using PDA media and incubated at room temperature to propagate pure culture and sent to the Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute for identification using PCR. In this study the 10 most common species were identified as, Penicillium simplicissimum, Aspergillus aculeatus, Rhodosporidiobolus ruineniae, Ceriporia lacerate, Aspergillus caliodustus, Syncephalastrum sp., Aspergillus sp., Aspergillus fumigatus, Fusarium sp., and Penicillium canescens. Fungi profile exhibited in this study will lead to a further study on fungi allergy with skin prick test and immunoblotting to be carried out.
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Abd Talib, A. K. A., S. S. Shaharir, N. A. Abdul Murad, N. Abdullah, E. A. Azizan, A. H. Abdul Gafor, R. Mustafar, et al. "POS0394 VALIDATION OF THE SLE SUSCEPTIBLE GENE LOCI IN THE MULTI-ETHNIC MALAYSIAN SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS (SLE) COHORT AND THEIR ASSOCIATIONS WITH CLINICAL MANIFESTATION." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 81, Suppl 1 (May 23, 2022): 453.2–453. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2022-eular.380.
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BackgroundSystemic Lupus erythematous (SLE) is an autoimmune disease with a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations. Asian patients including Malaysia tend to have more severe disease with renal involvement. The differences could be due to the interactions between genetic and environmental factors. Thus, identifying the genetic associations from diverse populations provides a better understanding on the genetic architecture of this heterogeneous disease.ObjectivesThe primary objective of this study was to validate the previously described SLE susceptibility gene loci among other population in the multi-ethnic Malaysian SLE patients. The secondary objective was to determine the association between the gene loci with organ-specific involvement across different Malaysian ethnicities.MethodsThis was a case-control study involving the recruitment of SLE patients who attended the outpatient clinic in Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre (UKMMC) from July 2019 until March 2021. Their medical records were reviewed to record the socio-demographic characteristics and SLE clinical manifestations. The SLE susceptible gene loci from the NHGRI-EBI Catalog of human genome-wide association studies were reviewed. The gene loci with p values less than 5x10-8 tested in a total sample size of at least 1000 individuals were included in the genotyping study in our SLE patients. Healthy controls with frequency matching by gender and ethnicity-matched were also recruited in this study. Their peripheral blood samples were genotyped using the Agena MassARRAY system (Agena Bioscience). The genotype frequencies of susceptibility loci in all patients and controls were tested for Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium. Associations between phenotype and genotype were performed by logistic regression analysis.ResultsA total of 202 SLE patients and 206 healthy controls were recruited. The SLE cohort consisted of predominant Malay ethnicity (n=126,62.6%) followed by Malaysian Chinese (n=69, 34.2%) and Indian (n=7, 3.5%). After quality control and Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium test, a total of 27 candidate SNPs were genotyped in our study population. Meta-analysis revealed 5 gene loci at SNP rs4544377 (RNU6-546P), rs4917014 (IKZF1), rs1878186 (SLC12A1), rs4728142 (IRF5) and rs5029937 (TNFAIP3) were associated with SLE in Malaysian population (all p value <0.05). In Malay group, rs4544377 (RNU6-546P) and rs4728142 (IRF5) were found to be associated with SLE with adjusted OR 0.42 (95% CI: 0.24-0.74), p=0.002 and OR 3.08 (95% CI: 1.71-5.54), p=0.000169, respectively. In Malaysian Chinese group, rs4917014 (IKZF1) was found to be associated with SLE with OR 0.45 (95% CI: 0.23-0.86), p=0.016. Among Malay patients, rs1878186 (SLC12A1) was found to be associated with skin rash with OR 2.01 (95% CI: 1.20-3.35), p=0.008 while rs4544377 (RNU6-546P) and rs4917014 (IKZF1) were associated with lupus nephritis, with OR 0.48 (95% CI: 0.24-0.96), p=0.039 and OR 3.29 (95% CI: 1.18-9.20), p=0.023. In Malaysian Chinese patients, rs4544377 (RNU6-546P) was associated with muco-cutaneous manifestation with OR 2.82 (95% CI: 1.15-6.92), p=0.023 while rs4728142 (IRF5) was associated with haematological manifestation with OR 5.61 (95% CI: 1.69-18.60), p=0.005.ConclusionOur exploratory study demonstrates the associations of the established SLE genes in Malaysian SLE populations. There are variations in the SLE susceptible gene loci with clinical manifestations of SLE between Malay and Malaysian Chinese populations.References[1]J. E. Molineros, K. H. Chua, C. Sun, L. H. Lian, P. Motghare, X. Kim-Howard, et al. Evaluation of SLE Susceptibility Genes in Malaysians. Autoimmune Diseases 2014 Vol. 2014 Pages 305436AcknowledgementsThis study received funding from the Fundamental Research Grant Scheme (FRGS) of the Ministry of Education, Malaysia (FRGS/1/2018/SKK02/UKM/03/1)Disclosure of InterestsNone declared.
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Zin, Thant, Aza Sherin Mohamad Yusuff, Than Myint, Daw KS Naing, Kyaw Htay, and Aye Aye Wynn. "Body fat percentage, BMI and skinfold thickness among medical students in Sabah, Malaysia." South East Asia Journal of Public Health 4, no. 1 (February 2, 2015): 35–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/seajph.v4i1.21838.
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Nutrition is a critical part of human health and development. However, overweight and obesity prevalence are rising worldwide, with associated diabetes, cardiovascular diseases and other diet-related conditions. Body mass index (BMI) is an index of weight-for-height that is commonly used to classify overweight and obesity in adults. The skin-fold measurement method is the most widely used body fat composition testing method for assessing body fat percentage. The objective of the study was to measure the body weight and body fat of medical students of Sabah, Malaysia by using different types of nutritional assessment methods. A cross-sectional study among the selected Year 2 medical students of School of Medicine, University Malaysia Sabah was conducted using different types of nutritional assessment. The average BMI and mean body fat percentage measured by body fat analyzer of the re-spondents were 21.95±0.59 kg/m2, and 16.98±1.37% respectively. The mean body fat percentages calculated by different skinfold thickness were: abdominal 24.13±1.11%, supra-iliac 20.35±1.35%, subscapular 21.83±1.01%, and alternative three-site 19.46±1.02%. In reliability testing, results are variable between male and female internal consistency of the alternative three-sites skinfold calculation for body fat percentage showed male (excellent) and female (acceptable), and skinfold reading for body fat percentage for triceps, abdomen, sub-scapular and supra-iliac showed male (good) and female (poor to acceptable). Our findings could be used in obesity awareness promotion among Malaysian youth. However, further investigation about the determinants of obesity and body fat, including age, sex, race, nutrition, and changes over time, is needed.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/seajph.v4i1.21838 South East Asia Journal of Public Health Vol.4(1) 2014: 35-40
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Hemachandra, Galamula Hewage Tharuka Kanchana, Sinnadurai Thuvaragan, and Vinotha Sanmugarajah. "Pharmacological screening of Eryngium foetidum Linn – A Review." Borneo Journal of Pharmacy 4, no. 4 (November 30, 2021): 248–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.33084/bjop.v4i4.2377.
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Eryngium foetidum L. (Family Apiaceae) is a biennial herb, and it is used as a culinary herb and spice across the different countries of the world, including Sri Lanka, India, Bangladesh, Malaysia, Singapore, etc. due to its high aroma quality. Also, it is used to treat several ailments, such as respiratory diseases, gastrointestinal ailments, and skin diseases among different indigenous populations for its medicinal properties. Based on ethnomedical evidence, many studies have been conducted to identify the phytoconstituents, underlying mechanisms, and related pharmacological effects of different parts of this plant. This study reviewed the current state of findings related to the Pharmacological activities of E. foetidum. Based on this review, this plant is widely used for ethnomedical and culinary purposes. Pharmacological screening of the plant revealed that it had different activities such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, anthelminthic, anticonvulsant, anticancer, antidiabetic, antimalarial, larvicidal, and hepatoprotective activities. This review further promised that potential new chemical entities could be elicited from the phytoconstituents of E. foetidum.
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Semail, Noreafifah, Siti Suraiya, Romel Calero, Mayelin Mirabal, Humberto Carrillo, Mohamed Hashim Ezzeddin Kamil, Maria E. Sarmiento, Armando Acosta, and Mohd Nor Norazmi. "Microbial biodiversity in the throats of pulmonary tuberculosis patients and tuberculin skin test (TST) positive and negative healthy individuals in Malaysia." Tuberculosis 124 (September 2020): 101965. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tube.2020.101965.
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Chaudhari, Latesh Y., Saurabh P. Chaudhari, and Ghanshyam M. Chavan. "A BRIEF REVIEW ON TULSI: A HOLY PLANT WITH HIGH MEDICINAL VALUES AND THERAPEUTIC USES." International Journal of Research in Ayurveda and Pharmacy 13, no. 3 (June 7, 2022): 118–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.7897/2277-4343.130372.
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This is a medicinal plant belonging to the family Lamiaceae, and the botanical name is Ocimum Sanctum. Tulsi is widely used for its various healing properties and is called a ‘queen of the herb’. All the parts of the plant are helpful, including leaves and seeds. The Incomparable One and the mother of natural medicine are the other names of Tulsi. Tulsi is available in India, Burma, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Southwest Asia, China, Thailand, and Malaysia. The plant is an erect, much-branched subshrub, 30-60cm tall, with hairy stems and simple, green leaves that are strongly scented. It is native globally tropics and widely cultivated for its medicinal value. In the traditional system of medicine, different parts of Tulsi have been recommended for the treatment of bronchitis, malaria, diarrhoea, dysentery, skin diseases, eye diseases, arthritis, insect bites, and so on. Pharmacological actions like anti-cancer, antidiabetic, antioxidant, antimalarial, antimicrobial, and anti-fertility are present in the Aromatic plant. These activities may be attributed mainly to phytochemicals like eugenol, ursolic acid, rosmarinic acid, methyl chavicol, linalool, etc.
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Rahman, Sabariah Abdul, Effat Omar, Mardiana Abdul Aziz, and M. Kannan Kutty. "The histological diagnosis and prevalence of demonstrable microorganism in skin biopsies taken from patients attending a referral centre specializing in infectious diseases in Malaysia." Pathology 48 (February 2016): S151. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pathol.2015.12.411.
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Khaliq, Syed Abdul. "Syariah Compliant Milk Bank: The Need and Issues." International Journal of Human and Health Sciences (IJHHS) 7, no. 70 (January 22, 2023): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.31344/ijhhs.v7i70.511.
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World Health Organisation (WHO) defines premature infants as those babies born before the completed 37th week of pregnancy (Turner-Maffei et al., 2014). Malaysian National Neonatal Registry (MNNR), reported an increase in the rate of premature births. This is also the trend seen worldwide. Premature babies, as they born prior to period of maturity, they are physically and physiologically still immature; their brain is immature, their eyes, their heart, their kidney, their gastrointestinal tract, their kidney and even their immune system are still very immature. Many may need admission into intensive care wards and special care nurseries to support, close monitoring and help them grow stronger. They are prone for infection, as their skin are still fragile, and they are not able to surmount an adequate immune response to fight off infection. Ensuring premature babies having access to breastmilk is of utter importance. Breastmilk has the protective capabilities such as the IgA, to prevent them from getting infections, breastmilk is more tolerable for premature babies and is proven to prevent serious diseases such as Necrotising Enterocolitis. Some mothers, however, cannot breastfeed their child and cannot supply expressed breastmilk due to various reasons. Therefore, there is a critical need for the development of milk bank. Milk Bank is not new, it is rather common in many countries. In fact, it is well established in the United States, United Kingdom and many other developed countries. The establishment of these milk banks has saved and protected the lives of newborn babies, especially the those premature. However, for Muslims, the issue arised in regards the issue of milk-kinship. The 97th Conference of the Fatwa Committee National Council for Islamic Religious Affair of Malaysia held on 15th – 17th December 2011 to forbid the establishment of milk bank in Malaysia. Thus, establishment of a syariah-compliant human milk bank is of a dire need. International Journal of Human and Health Sciences Supplementary Issue: 2023 Page: S8
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Shukla, Rahul, Anup Pathak, S. Kambuja, Sandeep Sachan, Ashutosh Mishra, and Sankul Kumar. "Pharmacognostical, Phytochemical and Pharmacological Overview: Cissus quadrangularis Linn." Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biological Research 3, no. 03 (September 30, 2015): 59–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.30750/ijpbr.3.3.10.
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Cissus quadrangularis (Linn) has been used by the common man in India, and neighboring countries, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Malaysia for promotion of fracture healing and well known as “Hadjod”. It is also known as Vitis quadrangularis Wall. belongs to family Vitaceae. It is a common perennial climber, which is distributed throughout India, particularly in tropical regions. It requires warm tropical climate and propagated by stem cuttings. The plant is prescribed in the ancient Ayurvedic literature as a general tonic and analgesic, with specific bone fracture healing properties. The plant is believed to be useful in helminthiasis, anorexia, dyspepsia, colic, flatulence, skin diseases, leprosy, hemorrhage, epilepsy, convulsion, haemoptysis, tumors, chronic ulcers, swellings. The scrutiny of the present overview revealed pharmacognostical, phytochemical and some notable pharmacological activities of the plant such as Anti-osteoporotic activity, antioxidant, free radical scavenging, antimicrobial, antibacterial, bone healing, anti ulcer, analgesic and anti inflammatory, diuretic, Anabolic and Androgenic activity and toxicity studies.
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Mve-Obiang, Armand, Richard E. Lee, Françoise Portaels, and P. L. C. Small. "Heterogeneity of Mycolactones Produced by Clinical Isolates of Mycobacterium ulcerans: Implications for Virulence." Infection and Immunity 71, no. 2 (February 2003): 774–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.71.2.774-783.2003.
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ABSTRACT Mycobacterium ulcerans is the causative agent of Buruli ulcer, a severe necrotizing skin disease endemic in tropical countries. Clinical evidence suggests that M. ulcerans isolates from Asia, Mexico, and Australia may be less virulent than isolates from Africa. In vivo studies suggest that mycolactone, a polyketide-derived macrolide toxin, plays a major role in the tissue destruction and immune suppression which occur in cases of Buruli ulcer. Mycolactones were extracted from 34 isolates of M. ulcerans representing strains from Africa, Malaysia, Asia, Australia, and Mexico. Thin-layer chromatography, mass spectroscopic analysis, and cytopathic assays of partially purified mycolactones from these isolates revealed that M. ulcerans produces a heterogeneous mixture of mycolactone variants. Mycolactone A/B, the most biologically active mycolactone species, was identified by mass spectroscopy as [M+Na]+ at m/z 765.5 in all cytotoxic isolates except for those from Mexico. Mycolactone C [M+Na]+ at m/z 726.3 was the dominant mycolactone species in eight Australian isolates, and mycolactone D [M+Na]+ m/z 781.2 was characteristic of two Asian strains. Mycolactone species are conserved within specific geographic areas, suggesting that there may be a correlation between mycolactone profile and virulence. In addition, the core lactone, [M+Na]+ m/z 447.4, was identified as a minor species, supporting the hypothesis that mycolactones are synthesized by two polyketide synthases. A cytopathic assay of the core lactone showed that this molecule is sufficient for cytotoxicity, although it is much less potent than the complete mycolactone.
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Rui, Tan Wen, Ahmad Rashidi Mohamed Tahir, and Nur Aizati Athirah Daud. "Medical Problems Among Rohingya Refugees and Medications Prescribed During IMARET Clinic Visits in Kelantan." International Journal of Human and Health Sciences (IJHHS) 5 (March 5, 2021): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.31344/ijhhs.v5i0.317.
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Introduction: For years, thousands of the Rohingya have fled Myanmar to reside in different states in Malaysia. Without any legal status, they have limited access to government medical and healthcare facilities. This is because Malaysia is not a State party to the 1951 Refugee Convention and its 1967 Protocol. IMAM Response and Relief Team (IMARET), a medical NGO, has organized charity clinics for this minority group to provide basic medical aids. Objectives: To identify common medical problems and medications prescribed during IMARET charity clinics in Kelantan. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study among Rohingya refugees attending IMARET charity clinics in Kelantan from June 2017 until May 2018. Data was collected from a medical clerking sheet. Medical problems were classified using ICD-10 classification, while medications prescribed were classified according to the first level of ATC code. Data were analysed using SPSS Version 24.0. Results: From 315 patients attended the clinic, most of the patients are of male gender (n=232, 73.1%). Mean age of the patients was 21.9 + 13.6 years (range: 1 – 75). Patients attended either one of the clinic locations; Tanah Merah (n=153, 48.5%), PengkalanChepa (n=78, 24.8%), and Kok Lanas (n=84, 26.6%). Most common medical problems observed were related to musculoskeletal system (n=104, 19.9%), mostly involving myalgia (n=96, 30.5%). Other common problems involved respiratory system (n=94, 18.0%), digestive system (n=68, 13.0%), and skin problems (n=57, 10.9%). Medications used for gastrointestinal disorders were mostly being prescribed in the clinics (n=179, 56.8%), followed by medications used for nervous system (n=114, 36.2%) and respiratory system (n=97, 30.8%). Most frequently prescribed medications include paracetamol, diclofenac, chlorpheniramine and multivitamins. Conclusion: Common medical problems observed among Rohingya refugees include myalgia, respiratory diseases and gastrointestinal problems. Therefore, medications used to treat these problems were shown to be frequently prescribed during clinics.International Journal of Human and Health Sciences Supplementary Issue: 2021 Page: S26
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Irekeola, Ahmad Adebayo, Rafidah Hanim Shueb, Engku Nur Syafirah E. A. R., Yusuf Wada, Zaidah Abdul Rahman, Suhana Ahmad, Rohimah Mohamud, Norhafiza Mat Lazim, and Chan Yean Yean. "Prevalence of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma in Patients with Dermatomyositis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis." Cancers 13, no. 8 (April 14, 2021): 1886. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers13081886.
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For more than 50 years, nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) has been associated with dermatomyositis (DM), a rare idiopathic inflammatory disorder that mainly affects the skin and muscles. Although the association between these rare diseases is well-documented, the actual prevalence of NPC in DM patients remains unknown. Here, a systematic review and meta-analysis of published data was conducted in accordance with the guidelines of Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA). Electronic databases including PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar were searched without year or language restrictions for studies reporting the occurrence of NPC in DM patients. The study protocol was lodged with PROSPERO (CRD42021225335). A total of 95 studies covering 303 cases of NPC among 16,010 DM patients was included. Summary estimates were calculated using the random-effects model. The pooled prevalence of NPC in DM was 3.3% (95% CI, 2.5–4.3). When stratified according to study location, higher prevalence estimates were obtained for Hong Kong (36.5%), Malaysia (27.7%), and Singapore (11.9%). There was a predominance of cases among male DM patients compared with females, and most patients were aged 40 and above. Many of the NPC cases were found to be diagnosed after the diagnosis of DM. It is therefore pertinent to screen for NPC in DM patients, especially among older DM patients in the Asian region.
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Mohamed, Nurul A., Nur N. Zulkifli Amin, Shalinawati Ramli, Ilina Isahak, and Nooriah Mohamed Salleh. "Knowledge, attitudes and practices of hand hygiene among parents of preschool children." Journal of Scientific and Innovative Research 5, no. 1 (February 25, 2016): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.31254/jsir.2016.5101.
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Background- Infections spread easily among children in nurseries due to overcrowding and their natural intimacy. Disease transmission via skin (particularly hand) contact is preventable through proper hand hygiene and good sanitation. Parental support and involvement in developing child’s hygienic behavior are essential in promoting child’s well being. This study aimed to determine knowledge, attitudes and practices of parents on hand hygiene, related to the care of their children. Methods- This cross-sectional study involved 240 parents of preschoolers in the Klang Valley, Malaysia. Participants were given self-administered questionnaires consisting statements related to personal hand hygiene, hand hygiene practices during childcare and infections related to poor hand hygiene. Results- The mean score for knowledge of hand hygiene was 2.72(SD 0.26) out of 3.00.Meanwhile, the mean score for attitude and practice of hand hygiene were 4.56(SD 0.58) out of 5.00 and 4.36 (SD 0.65) out of 5.00 respectively. Overall results showed that majority of parents had a good understanding of hand hygiene. However, about two thirds parents did not agree on washing hands before interacting with their children. Of concern, about 76% parents are unaware of correct hand washing techniques. Conclusions- This study highlighted the need for more comprehensive educational programs to create awareness regarding the importance of hand hygiene particularly among parents and children. This is very important for prevention of communicable diseases in the community.
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Alam, AHM Zahirul. "Editorial." IIUM Engineering Journal 19, no. 1 (June 1, 2018): i—iv. http://dx.doi.org/10.31436/iiumej.v19i1.917.
Full textAbstract:
IIUM ENGINEERING JOURNAL
CHIEF EDITOR
Ahmad Faris Ismail, IIUM, Malaysia
TECHNICAL EDITOR
Erry Yulian Triblas Adesta, IIUM, Malaysia
EXECUTIVE EDITOR
AHM Zahirul Alam, IIUM, Malaysia
ASSOCIATE EDITOR
Anis Nurashikin Nordin, IIUM, Malaysia
LANGUAGE EDITOR
Lynn Mason, Malaysia
COPY EDITOR
Hamzah Mohd. Salleh, IIUM, Malaysia
EDITORIAL BOARD MEMBERS
Abdullah Al-Mamun, IIUM, Malaysia Abdumalik Rakhimov, IIUM, Malaysia Amir Akramin Shafie, IIUM, Malaysia Erwin Sulaeman, IIUM, Malaysia Hanafy Omar, Saudi Arabia
Hazleen Anuar, IIUM, Malaysia
Konstantin Khanin, University of Toronto, Canada Ma'an Al-Khatib, IIUM, Malaysia
Md Zahangir Alam, IIUM, Malaysia Meftah Hrairi, IIUM, Malaysia Mohamed B. Trabia, United States
Mohammad S. Alam, Texas A&M University-Kingsville, United States Muataz Hazza Faizi Al Hazza, IIUM, Malaysia
Mustafizur Rahman, National University Singapore, Singapore Nor Farahidah Binti Za'bah, IIUM, Malaysia
Ossama Abdulkhalik, Michigan Technological University, United States Rosminazuin AB. Rahim, IIUM, Malaysia
Waqar Asrar, IIUM, Malaysia
AIMS & SCOPE OF IIUMENGINEERING JOURNAL
The IIUM Engineering Journal, published biannually, is a carefully refereed international publication of International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM). Contributions of high technical merit within the span of engineering disciplines; covering the main areas of engineering: Electrical and Computer Engineering; Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering; Automation and Mechatronics Engineering; Material and Chemical Engineering; Environmental and Civil Engineering; Biotechnology and Bioengineering; Engineering Mathematics and Physics; and Computer Science and Information Technology are considered for publication in this journal. Contributions from other areas of Engineering and Applied Science are also welcomed. The IIUM Engineering Journal publishes contributions under Regular papers, Invited review papers, Short communications, Technical notes, and Letters to the editor (no page charge). Book reviews, reports of and/or call for papers of conferences, symposia and meetings, and advances in research equipment could also be published in IIUM Engineering Journal with minimum charges.
REFEREES’ NETWORK
All papers submitted to IIUM Engineering Journal will be subjected to a rigorous reviewing process through a worldwide network of specialized and competent referees. Each accepted paper should have at least two positive referees’ assessments.
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INTERNATIONAL ADVISORY COMMITTEE
A. Anwar, United States
Abdul Latif Bin Ahmad, Malaysia
Farzad Ismail, USM, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia Hanafy Omar, Saudi Arabia
Hany Ammar, United States
Idris Mohammed Bugaje, Nigeria
K.B. Ramachandran, India Kunzu Abdella, Canada
Luis Le Moyne, ISAT, University of Burgundy, France M Mujtaba, United Kingdom
Mohamed AI-Rubei, Ireland Mohamed B Trabia, United States
Mohammad S. Alam, Texas A&M University-Kingsville, United States Nazmul Karim
Ossama Abdulkhalik, Michigan Technological University, United States Razi Nalim, IUPUI, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States
Syed Kamrul Islam, United States
Tibor Czigany, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Hungary Yiu-Wing Mai, The University of Sydney, Australia.
Published by: IIUM Press,
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Whilst every effort is made by the publisher and editorial board to see that no inaccurate or misleading data, opinion or statement appears in this Journal, they wish to make it clear that the data and opinions appearing in the articles and advertisement herein are the responsibility of the contributor or advertiser concerned. Accordingly, the publisher and the editorial committee accept no liability whatsoever for the consequence of any such inaccurate or misleading data, opinion or statement.
IIUM Engineering Journal
ISSN: 1511-788X E-ISSN: 2289-7860
Volume 19, Issue 1, June 2018
https://doi.org/10.31436/iiumej.v19i1
Table of Content
CHEMICAL AND BIOTECHNOLOGY ENGINEERING
ADSORPTION OF HEAVY METALS AND RESIDUAL OIL FROM PALM OIL MILL EFFLUENT USING A NOVEL ADSORBENT OF ALGINATE AND MANGROVE COMPOSITE BEADS COATED WITH CHITOSAN IN A PACKED BED COLUMN... 1
Rana Jaafar Jawad, Mohd Halim Shah Ismail, Shamsul Izhar Siajam
INVESTIGATION OF BIOFLOCCULANT AS DEWATERING AID IN SLUDGE TREATMENT........................................ 15
Mohammed Saedi Jami, Maizirwan Mel, Aysha Ralliya Mohd Ariff, Qabas Marwan Abdulazeez HYDROGEN PRODUCTION FROM ETHANOL DRY REFORMING OVER LANTHANIA-PROMOTED CO/AL2O3 CATALYST............................. 24
Fahim Fayaz, Nguyen Thi Anh Nga, Thong Le Minh Pham, Huong Thi Danh, Bawadi Abdullah, Herma Dina Setiabudi, Dai-Viet Nguyen Vo
OPTIMIZATION OF RED PIGMENT PRODUCTION BY MONASCUS PURPUREUS FTC 5356 USING RESPONSE SURFACE METHODOLOGY......................................................... 34
Nor Farhana Hamid And Farhan Mohd Said
PRODUCTION AND STABILITY OF MYCO-FLOCCULANTS FROM LENTINUS SQUARROSULUS RWF5 AND SIMPLICILLIUM OBCLAVATUM RWF6 FOR REDUCTION OF WATER TURBIDITY.............................................................................. 48
Nessa Jebun, Md. Zahangir Alam, Abdullah Al-Mamun, Raha Ahmad Raus
ROLE OF SUBSTRATE BINDING ON THE PROTEIN DYNAMICS OF AN ENDOGLUCANASE FROM FUSARIUM OXYSPORUM AT DIFFERENT TEMPERATURES .............................................................307
Abdul Aziz Ahmad, Ibrahim Ali Noorbatcha, Hamzah Mohd. Salleh
CIVIL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING
DIMINISHING SEISMIC EFFECT ON BUILDINGS USING BEARING ISOLATION....................................................... 59
A. B. M. Saiful Islam
ELECTRICAL, COMPUTER AND COMMUNICATIONS ENGINEERING
A DISTRIBUTED ENERGY EFFICIENT CLUSTERING ALGORITHM FOR DATA AGGREGATION IN WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS.................................................................................. 72
Seyed Mohammad Bagher Musavi Shirazi, Maryam Sabet, Mohammad Reza Pajoohan
POWER QUALITY IMPROVEMENT WITH CASCADED MULTILEVEL CONVERTER BASED STATCOM................. 91
Mahdi Heidari, Abdonnabi Kovsarian, S. Ghodratollah Seifossadat
THE EFFECTS OF CABLE CHARACTERISTICS ON MAXIMUM OVERVOLTAGE IN COMBINED
OVERHEAD/CABLE LINES PROTECTED BY SURGE ARRESTERS.............................................................................. 104
Reza Alizadeh, Mohammad Mirzaie
SMART PORTABLE CRYOTHERAPY SYSTEM REPHRASED I.E. WITH CONTROLLED THERMOELECTRIC
COOLING MODULES FOR MEDICAL APPLICATIONS................................................................................................ 117
Abbas Rahmani, Reza Hassanzadeh Pack Rezaee, Naser Kordani
STATIC PIPELINE NETWORK PERFORMANCE OPTIMISATION USING DUAL INTERLEAVE ROUTING ALGORITHM 129
Siva Kumar Subramaniam1, Shariq Mahmood Khan, Anhar Titik, Rajagopal Nilavalan
A MODIFIED MODEL BASED ON FLOWER POLLINATION ALGORITHM AND K-NEAREST NEIGHBOR FOR DIAGNOSING DISEASES........................................................................ 144
Mehdi Zekriyapanah Gashti
A SINGLE LC TANK BASED ACTIVE VOLTAGE BALANCING CIRCUIT FOR BATTERY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM .158
A K M Ahasan Habib, S. M. A. Motakabber, Muhammad Ibn. Ibrahimy, A. H. M. Zahirul Alam
ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS AND APPLIED SCIENCE
ON THE CONTROL OF HEAT CONDUCTION.......................................... 168
Fayziev Yusuf Ergashevich
MATERIALS AND MANUFACTURING ENGINEERING
GREEN SYNTHESIS OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES USING SAGO (METROXYLON SAGU) VIA AUTOCLAVING METHOD......178
Aliyah Jamaludin, Che Ku Mohammad Faizal
EFFECT OF ALKALINE TREATMENT ON PROPERTIES OF RATTAN WASTE AND FABRICATED BINDERLESS PARTICLEBOARD....185
Zuraida Ahmad, Maisarah Tajuddin, Nurul Farhana Fatin Salim, Zahurin Halim
AMORPHOUS STRUCTURE IN CU-ZN-V-AL OXIDE COMPOSITE CATALYST FOR METHANOL REFORMING..... 197
Mohd Sabri Mahmud, Zahira Yaakob, Abu Bakar Mohamad, Wan Ramli Wan Daud, Vo Nguyen Dai Viet
PERFORMANCE OF ELECTRICAL DISCHARGE MACHINING (EDM) WITH NICKEL ADDED DIELECTRIC FLUID....215
Ahsan Ali Khan, Muataz Hazza Faizi Al Hazza, A K M Mohiuddin, Nurfatihah Abdul Fattah, Mohd Radzi Che Daud
ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION OF DURIAN SKIN NANOFIBRE BIOCOMPOSITE.......................................... 233
Siti Nur E’zzati Mohd Apandi, Hazleen Anuar, Siti Munirah Salimah Abdul Rashid
MECHANICAL AND AEROSPACE ENGINEERING
A REVIEW ON RHEOLOGY OF NON-NEWTONIAN PROPERTIES OF BLOOD....................................................... 237
Esmaeel Fatahian, Naser Kordani, Hossein Fatahian
NUMERICAL STUDY OF THERMAL CHARACTERISTICS OF FUEL OIL-ALUMINA AND WATER-.......................... 250
Hossein Fatahian, Hesamoddin Salarian, Majid Eshagh Nimvari, Esmaeel Fatahian
A PARAMETRIC STUDY ON CONTROL OF FLOW SEPARATION OVER AN AIRFOIL IN INCOMPRESSIBLE REGIME....270
Lakshmanan Prabhu, Jonnalagadda Srinivas
OPTIMIZATION OF BOX TYPE GIRDER WITH AND WITHOUT INDUSTRIAL CONSTRAINTS................................ 289
Muhammad Abid, Shahbaz Mahmood Khan, Hafiz Abdul Wajid
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MOHD ZOHDI, ROZAINI, SHAHIDA MUHAMAD MUKHTAR, FATIN AMELINA KAHARUDIN, KHURIAH ABDUL HAMID, HASIDAH MOHD SIDEK, NURULFAZLINA EDAYAH RASOL, FATMA SRI WAHYUNI, and NOR HADIANI ISMAIL. "ACUTE ORAL TOXICITY STUDY OF ROOT METHANOL EXTRACT OF Goniothalamus lanceolatus Miq. AND ITS ISOLATED BIOACTIVE COMPOUND (PARVISTONE D) IN MURINE MODEL." Malaysian Applied Biology 51, no. 2 (June 29, 2022): 77–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.55230/mabjournal.v51i2.2262.
Full textAbstract:
Goniothalamus lanceolatus Miq. is widely used by the indigenous people of Sarawak, Malaysia as a folk remedy to treat various ailments including skin diseases, cold, and fever. A previous study reported that the root methanol extract, and parvistone D, an active compound of the plant, showed promising in vitro antiplasmodial activity against Plasmodium parasites. However, there is limited data reporting on its toxicological profile. Thus, this study aims to evaluate the potential toxicity of root methanol extract and parvistone D of G. lanceolatus in mice. The acute oral toxicity of the extract and compound was assessed at a single dose of 2000 and 500 mg/kg body weight, respectively. The animals were observed for any mortality, behavioral, motor-neuronal abnormalities, and body weight changes for 14 days. At the end of the experiment, relative organ weights were measured, and gross examination, as well as histopathological analysis, were performed. There was no sign of toxicity, and mortality seen in mice treated with G. lanceolatus root methanol extract, and parvistone D at the administered doses. In addition, no significant differences were observed in the body and relative organ weights between the control and treated groups. Gross and histopathological examinations showed normal appearance of the liver, spleen, kidneys, heart, and lungs as compared to their respective control groups. In conclusion, oral administration of root methanol extract, and parvistone D of G. lanceolatus are safe at the studied dosage levels and cause no acute toxicity in mice.
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Bala, Jamilu Abubakar, Krishnan Nair Balakrishnan, Ashwaq Ahmed Abdullah, Tay Kimmy, Yusuf Abba, Ramlan Bin Mohamed, Faez Firdaus Abdullah Jesse, et al. "Dermatopathology of Orf Virus (Malaysian Isolates) in Mice Experimentally Inoculated at Different Sites with and without Dexamethasone Administration." Journal of Pathogens 2018 (August 1, 2018): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/9207576.
Full textAbstract:
Orf is a clinical manifestation of parapoxvirus infection often fatal in goats and sheep especially when they are under stress or influenced by unfavorable environment. This study investigated the pathogenicity of two Orf virus isolates (ORFV UPM1/14 and UPM2/14) and host response in mouse model by using different inoculation sites with/without prior exposure to dexamethasone. Treatments with dexamethasone served as an immunosuppressant that may mimic stress situation in affected animals. Groups of five mice were given intradermal injection of 0.2 mL of tissue culture infective dose 50 (TCID50) of UPM1/14 (Group 1) and UPM2/14 (Group 2) at the dorsum (Group 1A; Group 2A), ear pinna (Group 1B; Group 2B), and labial commissure (Group 1C; Group 2C). An inoculum 0.2 mL of UPM1/14 was administered to animals treated with dexamethasone (n=5; 5 mg/kg/day intraperitoneally) and nondexamethasone (n=5) groups at the dorsum, ear pinna, and labial commissure. No significant difference (p>0.05) was observed in the mean lesion scores among the groups of different inoculation sites or between dexamethasone-treated and nontreated groups. However, there was a significant difference (p<0.05) in the mean stratum thickness of affected skin following inoculation with UPM2/14 isolate at the ear pinna and labial commissure. Histopathology examination revealed keratosis, acanthosis, and ballooning degeneration in the skin of affected mice. Orf virus DNA was detected in the skin samples by targeting F1L and B2L virus-specific genes in polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. Intradermal inoculation with UPM1/14 or UPM2/14 isolate produced a mild skin lesion in mice, and there was no significant difference in orf disease manifestation despite variation of inoculation sites. Similarly, short-term dexamethasone administration gave no adverse effects on pathogenicity of orf virus isolates.
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Farooq, Humaira, Suresh V. Chinni, Tahmina Monowar, Swe Swe Latt, Noor Hasliza Zainol, and Gokul Shankar Sabesan. "Epidemiology and molecular identification of mixed yeast isolates in Malaysia: A way forward." Current Medical Mycology, November 20, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18502/cmm.8.3.11209.
Full textAbstract:
Background and Purpose: Invasive candidiasis is one of the most common systemic mycoses, and studies have shown mixed yeast infections. Malaysia lacks mixed yeast culture data.
Materials and Methods: Yeast isolates were collected in Sultan Abdul Halim Hospital, North Malaysia, from October 2020 to October 2021. Chromogenic Candida differential agar media and PCR-RFLP were used to identify yeast species.
Results: A total of 206 yeast isolates were collected from different body sites of patients. The majority of the yeast isolates (n=104) were obtained from the urine. Other isolates were extracted from blood (n=52), vaginal swabs (n=45), ear discharge (n=2), tracheal aspirate (n=2), tissue (n=2), skin (n=1), nail (n=1), sputum (n=1), and cerebrospinal fluid (n=1). In total, 200 yeast samples were identified as single species, and six isolates were a mixture of Candida species.
Conclusion: Malaysia lacks accurate epidemiological data on mixed yeast infections. We identified all samples to the species level, including mixed yeast cultures, using the MspI enzyme and PCR-RFLP.
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Go, Zher Lin, Low Qin Jian, Nurul Aisyah Abd Rahman, Ng Ling Fong, Lau Ngee Siang, and Faizah Ahmad. "Prurigo Nodularis and Hodgkin’s Lymphoma: A Rare Association." Borneo Journal of Medical Sciences (BJMS), September 28, 2019, 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.51200/bjms.v0i0.1532.
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Prurigo nodularis (PN) is an uncommon skin condition known to be associated with underlying systemic diseases. This case report is about PN secondary to underlying Hodgkin’s lymphoma. A 30-year-old man presented with this skin condition three months before lymphadenopathy and systemic symptoms due to lymphoma. He had made multiple visits to general practitioners for the disturbing rash, given multiple courses of topical treatment without relief. His PN showed marked improvement after initiation of chemotherapy. This case reminds that an unexplained skin condition should prompt clinicians for investigating for an underlying systemic disease. This case, to our knowledge, is the first Hodgkin’s lymphoma-associated prurigo nodularis reported in Malaysia.
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Mohan, Anand, Yuwana Podin, Da-Wei Liew, Jeevithaa Mahendra Kumar, Peter Sie-Teck Lau, Yee-Yen Tan, Yi-Pinn Tai, et al. "Fine-needle aspiration to improve diagnosis of melioidosis of the head and neck in children: a study from Sarawak, Malaysia." BMC Infectious Diseases 21, no. 1 (October 15, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12879-021-06754-9.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Background Melioidosis, the infection caused by Burkholderia pseudomallei, is associated with a high case fatality rate, due in part to difficulties in clinical recognition and diagnostic confirmation of the disease. Although head and neck involvement is common in children, specific disease manifestations differ between geographic regions. The aim of this study was to provide a detailed description of melioidosis of the head and neck among children in Sarawak, Malaysia, and determine if fine-needle aspiration of suspected head or neck lesions could improve melioidosis diagnosis. Methods We conducted a retrospective descriptive study of all children aged < 12 years with culture-confirmed melioidosis presenting with head and neck manifestations and admitted to Bintulu Hospital in Sarawak, Malaysia, from January 2011 until December 2020. Fine-needle aspiration of head and neck lesions suspected to be due to melioidosis with inoculation in blood culture bottles (FNA + BCB) was used from the beginning of 2016. Results Of 34 children with culture-confirmed melioidosis, 20 (59%) had an infection involving one or more sites in the head and neck. Of these, 17 (85%) were diagnosed in or after 2016. Cervical lymph nodes were the most common organ or site affected, involved in 19 (95%) children. Clinical presentations of B. pseudomallei lymph node infections were highly variable. Five (25%) children had salivary gland involvement. Lacrimal gland involvement (dacryocystitis) and skin or soft tissue infection (scalp abscess) were less frequent. B. pseudomallei was isolated from the head or neck using FNA + BCB in 15 (75%) children and by standard culture methods of direct plating of pus on agar following incision and drainage in only 2 (10%) children. B. pseudomallei was isolated from non-head or neck specimens or blood in 3 (15%) children. Conclusions Manifestations of pediatric head and neck melioidosis in Sarawak, Malaysia, differ from those of other regions. Fine-needle aspiration, mainly of affected cervical lymph nodes, facilitates B. pseudomallei detection and enables confirmation of melioidosis infections.
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Raja Arifin, Raja Nurul Ashiqin, and Juliana Jumal. "Antioxidant Activity of Averrhoa bilimbi Linn. Leaves Extract Using Two Different Types of Solvents." Malaysian Journal of Science Health & Technology, January 28, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.33102/mjosht.v7i.112.
Full textAbstract:
Exposed to the pollution has led to generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in human skin. ROS generated cause many skin diseases such as skin-aging, inflammation, melanogenesis and skin cancer. ROS is a family of oxygen-based free radicals that contains or capable of producing an unpaired electron. Antioxidant is a molecule that can inhibit the reaction of free radical from ROS by donating its electron. Averrhoa bilimbi Linn. (AVBL) is one of the potent natural antioxidant belongs to the group of Oxalidaceae which can be widely found in Asia including Malaysia. Traditionally, this plant has been used to treat many diseases such as cough, itchiness, pimple, fever and inflammation. As a result, much attention has been directed towards the studies regarding the potential of this plant in treating disease. The present study was undertaken to assess the antioxidant activity of AVBL leaves extract. The AVBL leaves were extracted using sonicator with ethanol and distilled water as two different types of solvent. The total phenolic content (TPC) and flavonoid content (TFC) of this study were determined by using Folin-Ciocalteu reagent and aluminium chloride colometric assay. Antioxidant activity of the plant extract was tested using 2,2- diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric reducing power (FRAP). From the analyses, water extract of AVBL possessed greater extraction yield (11.231%) as compared to ethanolic extract (5.358 %). However, ethanolic extract of AVBL leaves revealed higher result of TPC (126.4±0.35 mg/g gallic acid equivalent), TFC (32.80±0.37 mg/g quercetin equivalent), DPPH (0.0019±0.0003) and FRAP (41.81±0.45 mg/g gallic acid equivalent). The results of TPC and TFC have strongly positive correlation with antioxidant capacity (r = 1). Thus, it can be concluded that this plant is a potent source of natural antioxidant.
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Kow, Audrey Siew Foong, Lai Yen Fong, Leng Wei Khoo, Ji Wei Tan, Khozirah Shaari, Ming Tatt Lee, Daud Ahmad Israf, Faridah Abas, and Chau Ling Tham. "Clinacanthus nutans Aqueous Extract But Not Ethanolic Extract Inhibits the Release of Preformed Mediators in In Vitro Model of IgE-Mediated Mast Cell Degranulation." Progress in Bioscience and Bioengineering 1, no. 2 (November 6, 2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.29269/pbb2017.v1i2.6.
Full textAbstract:
C. nutans (Burm. f.) Lindau is a shrub that is commonly found in South East Asia, particularly in Malaysia, Thailand and Indonesia. This plant has diverse and potential medicinal uses in traditional herbal medicine for treating many diseases which include skin rashes. Skin rash is one of the symptoms that primarily occur in people with allergies. Till date, there has been no scientific evidence to support this traditional use of C. nutans as well as its potential of possessing anti-allergic properties. IgE and mast cells play an important role in the pathogenesis of allergy. Upon cross-linking of allergen to IgE antibodies bound to FcεRI on mast cells, pro-inflammatory mediators will be released as a result of degranulation. The release of pro-inflammatory mediators by mast cells activated by allergen in the skin causes large, itchy, red swellings of the skin. This study aimed to identify the most active C. nutans extract in inhibiting in vitro IgE-mast cell degranulation. Rat basophilic leukaemic cells (RBL-2H3) were pre-sensitised with IgE, pre-treated with C. nutans ethanolic (100%, 70% and 50%) or aqueous extracts and challenged with dinitrophenyl-bovine serum albumin (DNP-BSA) accordingly to analyse the release of β-hexosaminidase, histamine, interleukin (IL)-4 and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α. It was found that C. nutans aqueous extract was the most active extract compared to the ethanolic extracts as it was able to inhibit the release of β-hexosaminidase and histamine at concentrations of 5 mg/ml and above.
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Mohd-Qawiem, Firdaus, Saulol Hamid Nur-Fazila, Raslan Ain-Fatin, Qian Hui Yong, Md Isa Nur-Mahiza, and Abd Rahaman Yasmin. "Detection of zoonotic-borne parasites in Rattus spp. in Klang Valley, Malaysia." Veterinary World, April 22, 2022, 1006–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2022.1006-1014.
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Background and Aim: Rattus spp. are the most common animals capable of adapting to their environment. They can be reservoirs or vectors of diseases that facilitate the transmission of zoonotic-borne parasites to humans. Hence, a study on the detection of parasites in rat populations in urban areas is crucial to prepare for emerging zoonosis. Therefore, this study aims to identify blood parasites, ectoparasites, and helminths in Rattus spp. from wet markets located in Klang Valley, an urban area with a high-density human population. Materials and Methods: A total of 32 rats were trapped in several wet markets in Klang Valley, Malaysia. They were anesthetized for morphometric examination followed by exsanguination. Various parasitological techniques such as perianal tape test, simple flotation, direct examination of the intestine, and fecal smear were performed for intestinal parasite detection; hair plucking, skin scraping, and full body combing for ectoparasite identification; and blood smear, microhematocrit centrifugation, and buffy coat techniques for blood parasite detection. Results: The rats were identified as Rattus rattus (71.9%) and Rattus norvegicus (28.1%). The only blood protozoan found was Trypanosoma lewisi. The ectoparasites identified belonged to two broad groups, mites (Laelaps spp. and Ornithonyssus spp.) and fleas (Xenopsylla cheopis), known to be parasitic zoonotic disease vectors. The zoonotic intestinal parasites were cestodes (Hymenolepis nana), nematodes (Nippostrongylus brasiliensis, Strongyloides spp., Trichuris spp., Capillaria spp., and Syphacia spp.), and intestinal protozoa (coccidian oocysts and Giardia spp.). Microscopic images showing Giardia spp. are the first report of this organism in rats in Malaysia. Conclusion: Rats caught in this urban area of the Klang Valley harbor parasites can pose a potential zoonotic threat to humans, raising public health concerns because of their proximity to densely populated urban areas.
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Baling, Julan, Gabriel T. Noweg, Alexander K. Sayok, Ik Wadell, and Jovita E. Ripen. "MEDICINAL PLANTS USAGE OF JAGOI BIDAYUH COMMUNITY, BAU DISTRICT, SARAWAK, MALAYSIA." Journal of Borneo-Kalimantan 3, no. 1 (January 22, 2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.33736/jbk.619.2017.
Full textAbstract:
This paper reports on the medicinal plants used by the communities near Mount Jagoi in Bau District as part of the multidisciplinary studies in 2012. A total of 58 species of medicinal plants belonging to 38 families were identified and documented. Of these, close to 60% of these plants are found wild in the fallows and nearby Mount Jagoi forest while the rest are planted at the backyard and/or gardens close to their village. Most of the cultivated medicinal plants were also used as food or often used in their preparation to enhance their flavor. Herbs form the majority (27.6%) followed by shrubs (24.1% ) and trees (19.0%). Most of the plants are for treating stomach-related ailments followed by fever-related illnesses as well as treatment of hypertension and cuts/wounds. The main parts of the plants used were foliage or twigs followed by fruits and roots. Decoction was the main method of preparation and administration of the medicinal plants followed respectively by ingestion while pound and rub. The preparation of decoction depends on the types of plant parts used, they can be either fresh or further treatment necessary such as drying to the parts concerned before boiling in water or a mixture with other liquids such as vegetable oil. The mixture after boiling is the decoction, which be used as a drink or used in bathing. The latter use is usually for easing oneself during fever and treatment of the whole body such as to remove bad body odor as well as skin diseases that affect the whole body. It is noteworthy to mention that the study missed six species of medicinal plants from four families that are commonly used for food in the area which could be that the informants were not aware of the medicinal benefits. Should a future survey is being done in a community, it is recommended that the informants be also questioned their knowledge on those obvious plants so that they too can be included.
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"The Legality Aspects of Off Label Prescription in Malaysia: Challenges Related to Off Label Prescription." International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology 8, no. 5C (September 23, 2019): 773–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijeat.e1110.0585c19.
Full textAbstract:
Off label prescription occurs when a drug is prescribed for an indication, a route of administration, or a patient group that I snot included in the approved product in relation to the Federal Drug Administration (FDA). Off label prescription has been a major challenge for patients as most of time they are not aware of the indication they are prescribed for. For instance, the drug Methotrexate to treat cancer is being prescribed as off label to treat psoriasis. The adverse drug reactions incurring from a cancer drug can cause severe reactions, in which the burden being passed to a patient suffering from auto immune disease and skin disorder such as psoriasis. The legality aspects are certainly importance to enhance the role of the doctors which prescribing the off label prescription to the patients. The lack of awareness by the practitioners while practicing off label prescription for the sake of insufficient medication or lack of medication for certain diseases does not give a room to practice off label prescription. The purpose of this paper is to further define and discuss the status of off-label use of medications in children as the medication of children is lacking compared to adults. The legality of off label prescription has not been addressed and mainly left at the discretion of medical practitioners to apply off label prescription. The legality aspect of off label prescription can be addressed with improvise interpretations under Section 14(4) (d) of the Patents Act 1983.
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Collins, Jeffrey M., Jason E. Stout, Tracy Ayers, Andrew N. Hill, Dolly J. Katz, Christine S. Ho, Henry M. Blumberg, and Kathryn Winglee. "Prevalence of Latent Tuberculosis Infection among Non-U.S.–Born Persons by Country of Birth — United States, 2012-2017." Clinical Infectious Diseases, November 2, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaa1662.
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Abstract Background Most tuberculosis (TB) disease in the U.S. is attributed to reactivation of remotely acquired latent TB infection (LTBI) in non-U.S.–born persons who were likely infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis in their countries of birth. Information on LTBI prevalence by country of birth could help guide local providers and health departments to scale up the LTBI screening and preventive treatment needed to advance progress towards TB elimination. Methods 13 805 non-U.S.–born persons at high risk of TB infection or progression to TB disease were screened for LTBI at 16 clinical sites located across the United States with a tuberculin skin test, QuantiFERON ® Gold In-Tube test, and T-SPOT ®.TB test. Bayesian latent class analysis was applied to test results to estimate LTBI prevalence and associated credible intervals (CRI) for each country or world region of birth. Results Among the study population, the estimated LTBI prevalence was 31% (95% CRI 26% – 35%). Country-of-birth-level LTBI prevalence estimates were highest for persons born in Haiti, Peru, Somalia, Ethiopia, Vietnam, and Bhutan, ranging from 42%-55%. LTBI prevalence estimates were lowest for persons born in Colombia, Malaysia, and Thailand, ranging from 8%-13%. Conclusions LTBI prevalence in persons born outside the United States varies widely by country. These estimates can help target community outreach efforts to the highest risk groups.
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"BIOBOARD." Asia-Pacific Biotech News 18, no. 01 (January 2014): 4–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219030314000020.
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INDIA – Oral chlorea vaccine ‘offers protection for five years’. JAPAN – Gene discovery leads way to more rice. MALAYSIA – Top international hospitals to hold summit in Asia to address efficiency, patient safety issues. SINGAPORE – Study led by NUS scientists provides new insights into cause of human neurodegenerative disease. SINGAPORE – Recycled plastic proves effective in killing drug-resistant fungi. SINGAPORE – Singapore scientists engineer human stem cells and move closer to mastering regenerative medicine. SINGAPORE – A*STAR scientists discover novel hormone essential for heart development. SINGAPORE – New discovery on how skin cells form “bridges” paves the way for advances in wound healing and tissue engineering. AUSTRALIA – Pathogen study explores blocking effect of E. coli protein on immune system. CANADA – Alzheimer's risk gene may begin to affect brains as early as childhood. EUROPE – Simple blood test detects 85% of colorectal cancers and over 50% of polyps. JERUSALEM – New compound for slowing the aging process can lead to novel treatments for brain diseases. US – Older mice fed wolfberries show reduced risk for flu virus with vaccine diseases. US – Molecular sensor detects early signs of multiple sclerosis, Gladstone study finds. US – Scripps Research Institute scientists achieve detailed picture of key part of Hepatitis C virus. US – Researchers discover promising new treatment to help people with spine injuries walk better. US – Personalized vaccine for most lethal type of brain tumor shows promise.
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KUMAR, PANKAJ, RASHMI REKHA KUMARI, SARITA DEVI, MANOJ KUMAR TRIPATHI, JASPREET SINGH, RAVI KUMAR, and MANISH KUMAR. "Emergence and transboundary spread of lumpy skin disease in South Asia." Indian Journal of Animal Sciences 91, no. 7 (September 24, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.56093/ijans.v91i7.115893.
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Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is an OIE notifiable, transboundary pox viral disease of livestock. LSD is an emerging disease severely affecting livestock economics. The zoonotic potential of the LSD virus has not been extensively studied and reported. In approximately 90 years, the virus dispersed to numerous world locations after its first emergence in Zambia. LSD virus emergence in South Asia prevailed among livestock (cattle and water buffalo) owners due to economic/financial losses. The estimate of the economic impact of LSD in the southern, eastern and southeastern countries suggested direct losses of livestock and production of approximately USD 1.45 billion. In 2019, nearly the same time, the disease was reported for the first time from many bordering countries, such as India, Nepal, China, and Bangladesh. In 2020, the LSD was also recorded in Bhutan, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Vietnam and Southeast China. In 2021, it further spread to new countries such as Thailand, Malaysia and Cambodia. Cattle affected with LSD show a characteristic nodular lesion or skin lump over the whole body and may occasionally be associated with systemic signs. Hematophagous arthropod-borne mechanical transmission is considered primary and the most common route; however, other transmission routes related to illegal animal trade have played a role in the emergence of LSD in countries otherwise/earlier free from it. Among serological diagnostic tests, OIE recommends virus neutralization as the standard gold test. Diagnosis in LSD-free countries requires virus isolation and further sequencing of the isolate. Control of LSD is possible by most of the measures applied for rapidly transmitting viral infection, including vaccination. LSD virus-specific vaccines are considered suitable to confer protection to cattle and buffalo over heterologous vaccines. In countries such as India, the lack of a specific policy for LSD at the time of the first onset of this disease, the high density of susceptible unvaccinated populations, unawareness among farmers, veterinarians and prevailing laws of no slaughter of cattle created a favourable situation of its spread to many states. Amid COVID-19, the whole world is in turmoil; the emergence of diseases such as LSD is further lowering the economy, and hence must be reviewed to save and sustain the backbone of the developing country's economy in Southeast Asia.
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Mia, Md Abdur Rashd, Sahena Ferdosh, Qamar Uddin Ahmed, Abul Bashar Mohammed Helaluddin, and Md Zaidul Islam Sarker. "Bridging Indigenous Knowledge and Scientific Evidence for Pharmacological Studies of Phaleria macrocarpa: A Review." Natural Products Journal 11 (March 22, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2210315511666210322161112.
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Background: Phaleria macrocarpa (Scheff.) Boerl. (Thymelaeaceae), usually referred to as God’s crown, Mahkota dewa, Pau, grows all the year in tropical countries including Malaysia, Indonesia, Papua New Guinea and Australia. It is traditionally used to treat haemorrhoids, stroke, heart disease, tumour, impotence, diabetes, allergies, kidney and liver disorders, migraine, acne and skin ailments. Objective: The purpose of this systematic review is to provide important insight on P. macrocarpa’s traditional use, toxicity, classification of compounds, and pharmacological activities thus identifying the gap in scientific analysis and potential analytical opportunities for future directions on this herb. Method: The related data for this systematic review were collected from renowned online databases, namely Wiley Online Library, Web of Science, Springer Link, PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, and Google scholar. Results: Around 48 compounds, including benzophenone, xanthonoids, norcucurbitacin derivatives, flavonoids, lignans, fatty acids and esters, phytosterols, aromatic acids and so on were identified from different parts. These constituents and different solvent extracts using various identification techniques have been reported to show a broad range of pharmacological activities. Besides various traditional claims and pharmacological functions, scientific evidence on its ethnopharmacological aspects has been well-documented. Studies found that the plant demonstrates antidiabetic, antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticancer, anti-hypercholesterolemia and antihypertensive. Conclusion: Despite various claims, there is still inadequate scientific evidence particularly on P. macrocarpa’s benefit in the management of dysentery, asthma, skin diseases and rheumatoid arthritis, necessitates future studies. There is also a need to test its pharmacokinetics and toxicological data on humans to verify its potential bioactive properties.
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Sio, Yang Yie, Sze Lei Pang, Yee-How Say, Keng Foo Teh, Yi Ru Wong, Smyrna Moti Rawanan Shah, Kavita Reginald, and Fook Tim Chew. "Sensitization to Airborne Fungal Allergens Associates with Asthma and Allergic Rhinitis Presentation and Severity in the Singaporean/Malaysian Population." Mycopathologia, July 13, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11046-021-00532-6.
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AbstractFungal spores and conidia are the major components of total airspora in the tropical Asia environment, and their sensitization patterns are often associated with allergic diseases such as asthma, allergic rhinitis (AR), and atopic dermatitis. Hence, we recruited a cross-sectional cohort of 9223 Singapore/Malaysia Chinese adults and assessed their sensitization against Curvularia lunata allergen using the skin prick test approach. A subset of this cohort (n = 254) was also screened for specific Immunoglobulin E (sIgE) titers against a panel of 11 fungal allergens. We found significant association of Curvularia lunata sensitization with the risk of asthma (OR = 1.66, 95% CI: 1.17–2.33; p = 0.00391) and AR (OR = 1.69, 95% CI: 1.18–2.41; p = 0.00396). Among asthmatic patients (n = 1680), Curvularia lunata sensitization also increased frequencies of wheezing symptoms (OR = 1.81, 95% CI: 1.05–2.96; p = 0.0239), general practitioner/specialist visits (OR = 2.37, 95% CI: 1.13–4.61; p = 0.0157), and other asthma-related exacerbation events (OR = 2.14, 95% CI: 1.04–4.10; p = 0.0289). In our serum cohort, sensitization to Aspergillus spp. was the most common fungal sensitization, with 23.6% (n = 60) had a class 3 and above sensitization (positive sensitization; sIgE titers of > 3.5 kU/L) against this allergen. Increasing sIgE titer against Aspergillus spp. was also correlated with increased AR risk and AR-related symptoms. In conclusion, our findings emphasize an important role of fungal sensitization in the manifestations of asthma and AR in the Southeast Asian Chinese population.
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Mohd-Zuki, Abdul-Hadi, Mohamad-Rodi Isa, and Leny-Suzana Suddin. "A review on the Cost-Utility Analysis for the FELDA Residents in Malaysia with “Health Care Scheme (Skim Peduli Kesihatan) for the B40 Group” (PeKa B40) Coverage." Journal of Public Health Issues and Practices 6, no. 1 (2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.33790/jphip1100202.
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Introduction: People with low socioeconomic status are always found to be one of the significant factors to determine their health status. The Malaysian government has initiated multiple programs to address the issues related to the health quality improvement of the population in line with the United Nations (UN) target for Universal Health Coverage (UHC). One of them is the “Health Care Scheme (Skim Peduli Kesihatan)” or PeKa B40 which was recently launched in 2019 to improve the target community's health status by offering several benefits obtained by the program including free health screening at private or public facilities concerning non-communicable diseases (NCDs). The cost-utility analysis study for the FELDA residents in Malaysia with “PeKA B40” coverage is needed to increase the understanding of the program's benefits and weaknesses during its implementation. It will help in identifying specific factors related to the utilization of the PeKa B40 program and will fill the gap in the economic evaluation of the government initiative. The policymaker may take into consideration of the discussion and recommendation to improve awareness among healthcare providers, especially at the primary care level. Concerning the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG), the study can give an impact on achieving good health and well-being (SDG 3.0). Conclusion: In the 12th Malaysia Plan, the Malaysian government showed commitment to combat NCDs in line with the international target by targeting to reduce the NCDs prevalence by focusing on non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Therefore, a health reform commission needs to be established to improve the effectiveness, efficiency and equity of healthcare access to all residents mostly among B40 group in Malaysia.
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HEENA, JINDAL, PATEL SHITAL, RANA SHIVANI, and ROY LOPAMUDRA. "MARKET ASPECTS, THERAPEUTIC ADVANCEMENTS AND SYNERGISTIC POTENTIAL OF BLACK PEPPER." UTTAR PRADESH JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY, December 31, 2021, 1519–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.56557/upjoz/2021/v42i243316.
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Black pepper (Piper nigrum L.) is widely regarded as the "king of spices" due to its enormous trading share in the world market. This worldwide trade is not only attributed to its pungency properties, but widely due to its great health benefits and richness in the bioactive components. From the ancient times to the modern science, the black pepper has evolved as a one of the important medicinal agents which is not only used in the kitchen for its nutritional and heath properties, but widely employed in the pharmaceutical sciences for its scientifically proven pharmacological actions and therapeutic role. These actions are mainly due to the presence of the alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids, phenols, amides, lignans, essential oil etc. Piperine, a piperidine alkaloid and its derivatives are widely employed as a bioavailability enhancer and produces synergistic effects with many other phytoconstituents or medicinal drugs and contribute to improve the bioactivity, dose reduction, and even lessen the side effects of many pharmaceutical drugs. Black pepper is widely employed to increase appetite, treats the hypertension, cough, sinusitis, vomiting, epilepsy, gastric problems, dyspnea, worm infections, and skin diseases. It also found to possess several important pharmacological properties such as antimicrobial, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticonvulsant, hypolipidemic, hypoglycemic, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective, and anticancer activities. Due to these wide applications, the trade of black pepper is increasing day-by-day all the world. The black pepper is mainly produced throughout the world especially in Vietnam, India, Indonesia, Brazil, Malaysia, China, and Sri Lanka. In India, Karnataka, and Kerala account for almost 55 % and 34 % of the total production respectively. The present review outlined the recent advancements in therapeutic potential of black pepper (Piper nigrum L.) along with its synergism and analysed the trade performance in terms of area, production, import and export of black pepper in the world focusing on India.
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Al-Shami, Huda Zaid, Zaid Ali Mohammed Al-Mutawakal, Abdulwahab Ismail Mohamed Al-Kholani, Muhamed Ahmed Al-Haimi, Ahmed Mohammed Al-Haddad, Redhwan A. Ahmed, Ali Abdullah Al-Somainy, and Hassan Abdulwahab Al-Shamahy. "PREVALENCE OF HEPATITIS A VIRUS, HEPATITIS B VIRUS, AND HEPATITIS C VIRUS, AMONG PATIENTS WITH HEPATIC JAUNDICE IN SANA’A CITY, YEMEN: A HOSPITAL BASED STUDY." Universal Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, January 15, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/ujpr.v6i6.693.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Hepatic jaundice results from abnormal metabolism of bilirubin in the liver. The main hepatic jaundice causes are severe damage to hepatocytes due to autoimmune diseases, infectious diseases, drugs/ medication induced, or, less commonly, hereditary genetic diseases.
Aim: The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of hepatitis B Virus (HBV), hepatitis A virus (HAV), and hepatitis C virus (HCV), in patients with hepatic jaundice as causes of acute viral hepatitis (AVH) in Sana'a city, Yemen.
Subjects and Methods: Data of patients with hepatic jaundice tested for hepatitis B surface antigen, total anti-HCV antibody, and anti-HAV immunoglobulin M (IgM) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were collected from Class I Viral Diagnostic Laboratories in Sana'a for 3 years. Then the statistical analysis of the data was used where the descriptive analysis was calculated: frequency and percentage, as well as the association of infection with sex and age group by means of detection odds ratio, 95% CI and X2 more than 3.9 and P<0.05 were considered statistically significant.
Results: The study included 644 males (43.8%) and 826 females (56.2%), while most patients were less than 21 years old. The rate of Hepatitis viruses positive was 27.6% positive. Hepatitis A virus infection was the most common virus diagnosed accounting for 259 cases (17.6% of the total), while HBV was less common with 104 (7.1%) and HCV only 42 cases (2.9%). The highest incidence of hepatitis B was in 11-20 years patients (18.2%), with an associated OR 9.3 (p < 0.0001). The highest incidence of hepatitis C was in 31-40 years patients (7.3%), with an associated OR 3.3 (p<0.0001).
Conclusion: Alarmingly changing the epidemiology and dynamics of hepatitis A-C viruses in Yemen, a detailed study is required to understand the definite disease problem caused by these viruses. It is noticeable in this study the high prevalence of hepatitis A virus and hepatitis B virus in the Yemeni population with hepatic jaundice. Also, to our knowledge, this study is the first to report epidemiological transformation of hepatitis A virus in Sana'a, Yemen.
Peer Review History:
Received: 13 November 2021; Revised: 11 December; Accepted: 30 December, Available online: 15 January 2022
Academic Editor: Dr. Nuray Arı, Ankara University, Turkiye, ari@ankara.edu.tr
UJPR follows the most transparent and toughest ‘Advanced OPEN peer review’ system. The identity of the authors and, reviewers will be known to each other. This transparent process will help to eradicate any possible malicious/purposeful interference by any person (publishing staff, reviewer, editor, author, etc) during peer review. As a result of this unique system, all reviewers will get their due recognition and respect, once their names are published in the papers. We expect that, by publishing peer review reports with published papers, will be helpful to many authors for drafting their article according to the specifications. Auhors will remove any error of their article and they will improve their article(s) according to the previous reports displayed with published article(s). The main purpose of it is ‘to improve the quality of a candidate manuscript’. Our reviewers check the ‘strength and weakness of a manuscript honestly’. There will increase in the perfection, and transparency.
Received file: Reviewer's Comments:
Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 5.5/10
Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 7.0/10
Reviewers:
Dr. Gulam Mohammed Husain,, National Research Institute of Unani Medicine for Skin Disorders, Hyderabad, India, gmhusain@gmail.com
Dr. Salfarina Ramli, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 42300 Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia. salfarina2892@uitm.edu.my
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Hazali, Norazlanshah, Nurul Nadia Mohd Nazri, Muhammad Ibrahim, and Mashita Masri. "SUBCHRONIC TOXICITY OF MALAYSIAN ACALYPHA INDICA: BIOCHEMISTRY AND HAEMATOLOGY ANALYSIS OF RAT." Jurnal Teknologi 78, no. 5-5 (May 11, 2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.11113/jt.v78.8570.
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Acalypha indica is one of the medicinal plants that have been used since ages to treat various diseases such as pneumoniae, asthma and skin diseases. This study aimed to explore the subchronic toxicity effect of Acalypha indica on Sprague Dawley rats based on haematological and biochemical parameters. The extract of Acalypha indica was prepared by aqueous extraction technique. 48 Sprague Dawley rats aged 7 weeks, weighing 150-200g were randomly divided into four groups, 6 animals per gender. A control group received water vehicle while three treated groups received the extract at dosage of 100 (low dosage group), 200 (medium dosage group) and 300 (high dosage group) mg/kg body weight. The sample was administered orally by using oral gavage daily for 90 days. No sign of toxicity and mortality was recorded in all groups throughout the study. There were no significant different (p>0.05) in body weight gain, food and water intake between control and treatment group. However, there was significant different in uric acid between control and high dosage group of male and female rats but the mean were in normal range. There were also reduced in mean of urea and creatinine in all dosage group of male and urea for all dosage group of female. Statistically significant reduced in urea was recorded between control and high dosage group of male only. Other parameters showed no significant different between control and treatment groups. Therefore, Acalypha indica is safe for human consumption and might be potential in reducing kidney damage problem.
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"Bioboard." Asia-Pacific Biotech News 13, no. 03 (March 2009): 5–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219030309000159.
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AUSTRALIA – First iPS Cell Line Puts Australia in the Lead of Stem Cell Research. AUSTRALIA – New Treatment Hope for Prostate Cancer. CHINA – AIDS Is China's Top Killer Among Infectious Diseases. CHINA – Anti-bird Flu Drug for Human Clinical Trial Approved by China. CHINA – China Plans 120 Billion Dollar Health Reform By 2011. CHINA – 13 000 Fowl Culled in China After Bird flu. CHINA – China-Russia Joint Research Center. CHINA – Pig's Adult Stem Cells Produce Better Skins. CHINA – More Health Scares Amid Slowdown, Warns China. INDIA – Indian Experts Find Bacteria to Beat Global Heat. INDIA – Two Indian Firms to set up Pre-clinical Trial Units in Malaysia. JAPAN – Breakthrough in Universal Flu Vaccine Development. SINGAPORE – Taiwan Pork Banned by AVA. SINGAPORE – Stem-Cell Treatment For Joint Pain Gives New Hope. SINGAPORE – Next Generation Healthcare Information System. SINGAPORE – Top US University Sets up Research Centre in Singapore. SINGAPORE – Increase in Life-saving Umbilical Cord Donations. SINGAPORE – Singapore and China Scientists Report Breakthrough Research in Psoriasis. SOUTH KOREA – Harmful Bacteria in French Baby Formula. SOUTH KOREA – World's First Cloned Wolves to Test Reproductive Fitness. TAIWAN – Genetic Testing on the Rise. TAIWAN – Chinese Herbal Medicines Contain Western Drug Ingredients. VIETNAM – Bird Flu Strikes in Five Provinces in Vietnam. VIETNAM – Opening of Vietnam's First Stem Cell Bank, "MekoStem". VIETNAM – Hanoi Suffers Worst Measles Outbreak in Decade. OTHER REGIONS — EUROPE – Social Networking = Disease? OTHER REGIONS — EUROPE – Cancer Morbidity 'to Double in 40 Years'. OTHER REGIONS — NORTH AMERICA – Scientists Close in on 'Universal' Vaccine for Flu. OTHER REGIONS — NORTH AMERICA – Hong Kong and US Scientists Develop New Bird Flu Vaccine.