Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Skin diagnostics'
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Yuan, Ye. "Investigation of Skin and Skin Components Using Polarized Fluorescence and Polarized Reflectance Towards the Detection of Cutaneous Melanoma." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1147284058.
Full textPetruck, V. G., S. M. Kvaternyuk, A. P. Ivanov, V. V. Barun, B. A. Bolyukh, D. B. Bolyukh, В. Г. Петрук, et al. "Non-Invasive Optical Diagnostics of Pigment Formations of Human Skin." Thesis, Technical University of Moldova, 2014. http://ir.lib.vntu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/942.
Full textSandberg, Carin. "Aspects of fluorescence diagnostics and photodynamic therapy in non-melanoma skin cancer /." Göteborg : Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy University, University of Gothenburg, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2077/21192.
Full textIsaieva, O. A., and О. Г. Аврунін. "Video dermoscopy study of the skin." Thesis, Liverpool, United Kingdom, 2019. http://openarchive.nure.ua/handle/document/10265.
Full textTerstappen, Karin. "Aspects on in vivo imaging techniques for diagnostics of pigmented skin lesions /." Göteborg : Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Institute of Clinical Science, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2077/17794.
Full textXue, Wei Kai. "Multimodal Line-Field Confocal Optical Coherence Tomography (LC-OCT) for skin cancer diagnostics." Thesis, KTH, Tillämpad fysik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-239616.
Full textUshenko, Yu A., A. P. Peresunko, and Adel Bako Bouzan. "А new method of mueller-matrix diagnostics and differentiation of early oncological changes of the skin derma." Thesis, Hindawi Publishing Corporation, 2010. http://dspace.bsmu.edu.ua:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/3144.
Full textChopra, Nishtha. "Characterisation of skin-based THz communication channel for nano-scale body-centric wireless networks." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2017. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/25812.
Full textTantcheva-Poor, Iliana [Verfasser]. "Correlations of clinical, histomorphologic and molecular findings in the diagnostics and management of patients with selected genetic skin disorders / Iliana Tantcheva-Poor." Köln : Deutsche Zentralbibliothek für Medizin, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1144184347/34.
Full textAskeland, Winje Brita. "Comparison of QuantiFERON®TB Gold with tuberculin skin test to improve diagnostics and routine screening for tuberculosis infection among newly arrived asylum seekers to Norway." Thesis, Nordic School of Public Health NHV, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:norden:org:diva-3182.
Full textIntroduction: QuantiFERON®TB Gold (QFT), a new blood test that detects tuberculosis infection, currently provides few data from immigrant screening. This study aimed to compare results of QFT and tuberculin skin tests (TST) among newly arrived asylum seekers in Norway and also assess the role of QFT in screening for latent tuberculosis. Methods: All asylum seekers, 18 years or older, who arrived at Tanum reception center from September 2005 were invited to participate and included after informed consent. Enrollment was continued until a fixed sample size of 1000 participants was reached. The last participant was included in June 2006. In addition to mandatory TST and chest X-ray, study participants underwent a QFT test and answered standardized questions. Results: A total of 2813 asylum seekers arrived at Tanum reception center during the inclusion period. Among the 1000 study participants, 912 showed valid test results and were included in analysis; 29% (264) had a positive QFT test and 50% (460) tested positive with TST (indurations >6 mm), indicating a high proportion of latent infection within this population. Among the TST-positive participants, 50% were QFT-negative, whereas 7% of the TST-negative participants were QFT-positive. A significant association occurred between increase in size of TST induration and positive QFT result. Test agreement (71%–79%) depended on the chosen TST cut-off and was higher for nonvaccinated individuals. Conclusions: By implementing QFT as a routine screening test further follow up can be avoided for 42% of asylum seekers who would have been referred based only on a positive TST (>6 mm). The proportion of individuals referred remained the same whether QFT replaced TST or confirmed a positive TST; however, the number of individuals tested varied greatly. Different approaches would identify the same proportion (88%-89%) of asylum seekers with either a positive QFT or a strongly positive TST (>15 mm), but different groups will be missed.
ISBN 978-91-85721-53-5
Kulyk, Olena. "Light-tissue interactions for developing portable and wearable optoelectronic devices for sensing of tissue condition, diagnostics and treatment in photodynamic therapy (PDT)." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/13199.
Full textBodén, Ida. "Near infrared and skin impedance spectroscopic in vivo measurements on human skin : development of a diagnostic tool for skin cancer." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Kirurgi, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-50605.
Full textWallace, Vincent Patrick. "Spectrophotometry for the assessment of pigmented skin lesions." Thesis, Institute of Cancer Research (University Of London), 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.266622.
Full textAldridge, Roger Benjamin Lochore. "Dermato-informatic approaches to understanding and improving lesional diagnostic expertise in cutaneous oncology." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/31068.
Full textHuang, Ranxi. "Semi-automated techniques for the retrieval of dermatological condition in color skin images /." Online version of thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1850/11355.
Full textWilcox, Stephany Vanessa. "Molecular diagnostic approach to determine the degree of photoaging of the skin." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/96779.
Full textENGLISH ABSTRACT: Context: Excessive exposure to ultraviolet radiation (UV) results in the risk of acquiring long-term harmful effects such as photoaging, which is characterised by deep wrinkles, roughness, dyspigmentation and an increased loss in elasticity. As a result, the detection of photoaging at an early stage is crucial to improving morbidity, whilst preventing the advancement of skin cancer. Aim: The aim of the study was to develop and to validate a diagnostic real-time PCR method in order to establish the gene expression profiles of potential biomarkers in the skin so as to quantify the degree of photoaging: this was conducted by retrieving total RNA from cells adherent to tape strips from sun exposed and non-exposed skin areas. Materials and methods: Twenty healthy volunteers consisting of seven males and thirteen females aged 25 to 67 years were included in this study. Tape stripping was performed using pre-cut D-Squame® 22 mm adhesive discs. Samples were collected on the right medial thigh area 20 cm above the patella and 2 cm below the lateral canthus of the right eye. Total RNA was extracted and relative standard curve method of gene expression was performed. TGF-β, MMP 9, TNF-α and IL-6 mRNA transcripts were selected as representative cytokines to determine the relative fold-change in sun exposed and non-exposed areas of the skin so as to determine extent of photoaging. Results: Repeatability and reproducibility was determined by the coefficient of variation (CV) was within an acceptable range. Thirty five percent (n=7) samples displayed down-regulatory effects for TGF-β. Down regulation of MMP 9 was observed within 30% (n=6) of samples, while 15% (n=3) showed marked up regulation. Only two samples showed measurable levels of TNF-α in the assay, of which one showed significant up regulation. Furthermore, we were unable to detect any IL-6 expression in any of the samples prepared. Conclusion: we have shown that epidermal cytokines can be retrieved from tape stripped samples and can be quantified via real-time PCR. However, the choices of cytokine biomarkers reveal that they are as important as the concentration of starting material. In this study cytokines such as IL-6 is not as informative in determining the extent of photoaging without high doses of ultraviolet radiation before sample collection as opposed to the other explored cytokines.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Konteks: Oormatige blootstelling aan ultraviolet (UV) bestraling kan tot ‘n risiko van skadelike en lantermynse nagevolge lei wat gekenmerk word deur foto-veroudering. Dit sluit in diep plooie, growwe vel en ‘n toenemende verlies in elastisiteit. Die ontdekking van foto-veroudering op ‘n vroeë stadium is van kardinale belang vir die verbetering van morbiditeit en die voorkoming van velkanker bevordering. Doelstelling: Die doel van hierdie studie was om ‘n diagnostiese polimerase kettings reaksie (PKR) metode te ontwikkel om geen uitdrukkings profiele van potensiële bio-merkers te vestig in die vel, om so die graad van foto-veroudering in areas van vel wat blootgestel word aan die son en beskermde van die son te bepaal deur totale RNS te versamel van kleeflintskyfies. Materiale en metodes: Twintig gesonde vrywilligers (sewe mans en dertien vroue), tussen die ouderdom van 25 en 67 jaar, was ingesluit in hiedie studie. Vel monsters was versamel deur gebruik te maak van Dsquame® 22 mm kleeflintskyfies 20 cm bokant die patella van die regterkanste mediale heup en 2 cm onder die regter oog. Totale RNS was geisoleer en die relatiewe vlak van geen uitdrukking was bepaal deur gebruik te maak van die kurwe model. Die boodskapper ribonukleiosier transkripsies van die sitokiene TGF- β, MMP 9, TNF-α en IL-6 was gekies as verteenwoordigers van foto-veroudering om die relatiewe verandering van foto-veroudering in die vel te bepaal. Resultate: Validering metodes was aanvaarbaar. ‘n Afwaarts reguleringseffek in TGF-β en MMP 9 merker uitdrukking is gevind in vyf en dertig persent (n=7) en dertig persent (n=6) van monsters, onderskuidelik. In vyftien persent (n=3) van monsters is ‘n opwaarts reguleringseffek in die laasgenoemde gevind. Slegs twee monsters het meetbare vlakke van TNF-α getoon in die eksperiment, waarvan slegs een ‘n noemenswaardige opwaartse regulering getoon het. IL-6 uitdrukking is nie gevind in enige van die monsters. Gevolgtrekkings: Hierdie studie het bepaal dat sitokiene van die vel geisoleer van kleeflint monsters en gekwantifiseer deer relatiewe PKR uitdrukking bepaal kan word. Die keuse van bio-merkers is egter net so belangrik as konsentrasie bepaling van die monsters. Die IL-6 sitokien, in vergelyking met ander, is slegs informaliet tydens hoë ultraviolet bestraling aan die vel blootgestel is.
Bagla, Victor P. "The demonstration of lumpy skin disease virus in semen of experimentally infected bulls using different diagnostic techniques." Electronic thesis, 2006. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-05272008-120446/.
Full textSteiner, Markus F. C. "Workplace health surveillance for occupational skin diseases : diagnostic accuracy and reliability of a teledermatology tool." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2011. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=186732.
Full textWong, David Michael. "The Intradermal Skin Test in the Horse: Value as a Diagnostic Modality in Equine Allergies." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/9916.
Full textMaster of Science
Isaeva, O., and О. Г. Аврунін. "Development of an automated system for video dermatoscopy." Thesis, KNURE, 2019. http://openarchive.nure.ua/handle/document/10198.
Full textAdjed, Faouzi. "Skin cancer segmentation and detection using total variation and multiresolution analysis." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLE042/document.
Full textThe vast majority of skin cancer deaths are due to malignant melanoma. It is considered as one of the most dangerous cancers. In its early stages, malignant melanoma is completely curable with a simple biopsy. Therefore, an early detection is the best solution to improve skin cancer prognostic. Medical imaging such as dermoscopy and standard camera images are the most suitable tools available to diagnose melanoma at early stages. To help radiologists in the diagnosis of melanoma cases, there is a strong need to develop computer aided diagnosis (CAD) systems. The accurate segmentation and classification of pigment skin lesions still remains a challenging task due to the various colors and structures developed randomly inside the lesions. The current work focused on two main tasks. Inthe first task, a new approach of the segmentation of skin lesions based on Chan and Vese model is developed. The model is adapted to segment the variations of the pigment inside the lesion and not only the main border. The subjective evaluation, applied on a database of standard camera images, obtained a very encouraging results with 97.62% of true detection rate. In the second main task, two feature extraction methods were developed for the analysis of standard camera and dermoscopy images. The method developed for the standard camera skin cancer images is based on border irregularities, introducing two new concepts, which are valleys and crevasses as first and second level of the border irregularity. The method has been implemented on DermIs and DermQues, two databases of standard camera images, and achieved an accuracy of 86.54% with a sensitivity of 80% and a specificity of 95.45%. The second method consisted of a fusion of structural and textural features. The structural features were extracted from wavelet and curvelet coefficients, while the textural features were obtained from the local binary pattern operator. The method has been implemented on the PH2 database for dermoscopy images with 1000-random sampling cross validation. The obtained results achieved an accuracy, a sensitivity and a specificity of 86:07%, 78.93% and 93.25%. Compared to the existing methods, the proposed methods in this work show very good performances
Tuppurainen, Eeva S. M. "The detection of lumpy skin disease virus in samples of experimentally infected cattle using different diagnostic techniques." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2004. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-03082005-101059/.
Full textBagla, Victor Patrick. "The demonstration of lumpy skin disease virus in semen of experimentally infected bulls using different diagnostic techniques." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/25041.
Full textDissertation (MSc (Veterinary Science))--University of Pretoria, 2006.
Veterinary Tropical Diseases
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Peters, Nazlea Behardien. "Determination of effective dose and entrance skin dose from dose area product values for barium studies in adult patients at a large tertiary hospital in the Western Cape." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2627.
Full textBackground and objectives The issue of patient doses received during fluoroscopy procedures, raised concerns for the researcher, as there may have been probable past skin injuries or deterministic injuries that may not have been documented. Amongst the radiology staff, there was very little understanding of what the actual dose area product (DAP) value means in real terms of effective dose and entrance skin dose. The aims of the study were to: i) Measure the radiation doses received by the patient and determine a simple means of defining the DAP value to the radiographer in terms of the dose received by the patient. ii) Determine the effective dose, entrance skin dose and the relationship with the DAP value to assist with developing a conversion co-efficient for dose indicators. Method Direct radiation dose measurements can be obtained through DAP meters attached to the diagnostic equipment, but the DAP value is not an direct indication of the effective dose received by the patient. The DAP values captured from the DICOM header information for barium fluoroscopic procedures at a large tertiary was analysed and Diagnostic Reference levels (DRL) were determined for barium swallow, meal and enema procedures. The effective and skin doses were calculated by means of the Monte Carlo program. The results were compared to published values. The relationship between the entrance skin dose and the DAP value was determined and conversion factors were calculated. Results Correlation between the DAP and entrance skin dose and comparative 75th percentile threshold values were determined for barium swallow (BaS), barium meal (BaM) and barium enema (BaE) procedures. Effective to DAP conversation factors for BaS, BaM and BaE are 0.19, 0.26 and 0.60 respectively and 0.15, 0.11 and 0.14 for entrance skin to DAP. Conclusion The the research showed the relationship between the effective dose, entrance skin dose and DAP value and a simple, practical and applicable explanation of the DAP value by means of conversion factors.
Garzorz-Stark, Natalie [Verfasser], Kilian G. [Akademischer Betreuer] Eyerich, Carsten [Gutachter] Schmidt-Weber, and Johannes [Gutachter] Ring. "Novel diagnostic tools and markers for inflammatory skin diseases / Natalie Verena Garzorz-Stark. Betreuer: Kilian G. Eyerich. Gutachter: Carsten Schmidt-Weber ; Johannes Ring." München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1101695153/34.
Full textGarzorz-Stark, Natalie [Verfasser], Kilian G. Akademischer Betreuer] Eyerich, Carsten [Gutachter] Schmidt-Weber, and Johannes [Gutachter] [Ring. "Novel diagnostic tools and markers for inflammatory skin diseases / Natalie Verena Garzorz-Stark. Betreuer: Kilian G. Eyerich. Gutachter: Carsten Schmidt-Weber ; Johannes Ring." München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:91-diss-20160512-1293741-1-6.
Full textCarvalho, Odile. "Exploitation de la statistique du champ de speckle pour l'aide au diagnostic du syndrome cutané d'irradiation aigüe : confrontation des résultats biophysiques et biologiques." Thesis, Paris Est, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PEST0087.
Full textOverexposure to ionizing radiation is now a growing concern of clinicians. In case of external exposure, the skin is the first tissue exposed. However, there are no tools that can diagnose pathological tissue. The objective of this work is to demonstrate the possibility of using a non-invasive method for in vivo diagnosis and prognosis of acute cutaneous radiation syndrome. The first part of this work concerns the choice of the investigation method. Interaction of coherent light and scattering medium creates a phenomenon called speckle. A classical frequential analysis on the spekle field is supplemented by a stochastic approach to extract parameters characterizing speckle patterns. In the second part, the experimental setup has been tested in order to understand the parameters behavior in function of some physical properties of synthetic scattering media. The study revealed that some of the speckle parameters were more influenced by big scatterers (Mie) while others were by the smallest (Rayleigh). The third part concerns the in vivo application of this method on acute cutaneous radiation syndrome in pigs. Analysis of the results gained during the monitoring of several animals showeb the ability to discriminate between irradiated and healthy zones several weeks before apparition of firsts clinical signs. Finally, in order to understand the results on the radiological burn, we have confronted all physical results and those obtained by histological analyses
Lancaster, Gemma. "Oscillations in microvascular flow : their relationship to tissue oxygenation, cellular metabolic function and their diagnostic potential for detecting skin melanoma : clinical, experimental and theoretical investigations." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2016. http://eprints.lancs.ac.uk/78134/.
Full textGavanescu, Irina Catrinel. "Autoantibodies to Centrosomes are Diagnostic for Human Scleroderma and Can Be Induced by Experimental Mycoplasma Infection in Mice: A Dissertation." eScholarship@UMMS, 2002. https://escholarship.umassmed.edu/gsbs_diss/76.
Full textMalaman, Maria Fernanda. "Avaliação diagnóstica do exantema máculo-papular e urticária tardia induzidos por antibióticos beta-lactâmicos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5146/tde-17102014-123017/.
Full textThe beta-lactam antibiotic, mainly aminopenicillins: ampicillin (AMP) and amoxicillin (AMX), are frequently cited as causes of morbiliforme eruptions and late onset urticaria. A major problem with existing data on beta-lactam reactions of the delayed type includes a lack of standardized testing methods. Objectives: The goal of this study is to establish the frequency and significance of positive skin testing in patients with history of beta-lactam induced maculo-papular exanthema and late onset urticaria and the sensibility/specificity of in vitro tests for drug allergy investigation: lymphocyte proliferation assay and cytokine detection. Methods: Patients were submitted to complete penicillin (PEN) allergy test: specific detection for serum IgE antibody to benzyl penicilloyl polylysine, amoxicilloyl polylysine and ampicilloyl polylysine; puncture and intradermal skin test with benzyl penicilloyl polylysine and minor determinants mixture, benzylpenicillin (10.000 UI/ml), amoxicillin (2mg/ml), ampicillin (2mg/ml) were performed and read at 20 minutes, 48hours and 72 hours. All patients had epicutaneous patch testing done with the same drugs (5% amoxicillin, 5% ampicillin and 5000 IU/g penicillin G all in petrolatum). All tests were performed in duplicate with positive and negative controls. All subjects had blood collected for lymphocyte proliferation assay (H3-thymidine incorporation assay) and IL-5, TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma profile were analyzed in culture supernatant by ELISA. Results: None of the patients or controls had positive immediated skin test. Only three patients reacted positively to the 48 and 72 hours 15 reading of intradermal skin test and patch test with the same reagents. There was no positive skin test result among the control group. The lymphocyte proliferation test (LTT) was positive in only two control subjects, while in the study group, 10 patients had positive proliferation tests (50%). The LTT sensitivity varied from 25% to 55% depending on the drug and concentration tested. The specificity ranged from 80% to 100%. IFN-gamma and IL-5 detection had a high specificity, but low sensitivity, while TNF-alpha showed high sensitivity (95%) and low specificity (40%)
Santos, Gilvan Sampaio. "Desenvolvimento de ferramenta computacional para o pré-diagnóstico de câncer de pele." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2008. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=833.
Full textSkin cancer is one of the most frequent tumors . When early diagnosticated this kind of cancer reachs high percentage of cure. But the identification of its characteristics is necessary. The characteristics to be analised are: Asymmetry (A); Irregularity border (B); Color (C) and diameter (D). The present work uses as tool for first diagnostic of skin cancer the digital images processing.
Happillon, Teddy. "Aide au diagnostic de cancers cutanés et de la leucémie lymphoïde chronique par microspectroscopies vibrationnelles couplées à des analyses numériques multivariées." Thesis, Reims, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013REIMP204/document.
Full textVibrational spectroscopy is a technology able to record a large amount of molecular information from studied samples. Coupled with chemometrics and classification methods, vibrational spectroscopy is an efficient tool to identify sample structures and substructures. When applied to the biomedical field, this tool shows a high potential for disease diagnosis. It is in this context that the works presented in this thesis have been realized. In a first study, dealing with algorithmic development, an automatic and unsupervised classification algorithm (based on the Fuzzy C-Means) and developed by our laboratory in order to help for skin cancer diagnosis using IR spectroscopy, was improved in order to i) reduce the computational time needed to realize clustering, ii) increase results quality obtained on infrared data, iii) and extend its application fields to simulated and real datasets, commonly used in the literature. This tool has been tested on 16 infrared spectral images of skin cancers (BCC, SCC, Bowen's disease and melanoma), and 49 real and simulated datasets. The obtained results showed the ability of this new algorithm to estimate realistic data partitions regardless the considered dataset. The second study of this work aimed at developing an independent chemometric tool to assist for chronic lymphocytic leukemia diagnosis by Raman spectroscopy. In this second work, different numerical preprocessing steps and a supervised classification algorithm, Support Vector Machines, have been applied on data recorded on blood cells coming from 27 healthy persons and 49 patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. The classification results showed a sensitivity of 80% and a specificity of 100% in the disease diagnosis
Ghandour, Raymond. "Diagnostic et évaluation anticipée des risques de rupture d'itinéraires basés sur l'estimation de la dynamique du véhicule." Compiègne, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011COMP1966.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is the development on an innovative methodology to address the issue of increasing road safety, by the diagnosis and the monitoring of the evolution of the parameters of the dynamic interaction of the vehicle with its surrounding environment. For that, the development and the evaluation of risk indicators seems necessary to warn the driver in order to avoid the risk situations. The research work of this thesis is divided in two methodologies. The first one, consists on the development of an estimator for the maximum friction coefficient estimation based on the Dugoff tyre-road interaction model and the iterative non-linear optimization method of Levenberg-Marquardt. This estimation is the base behind the development of the lateral skid indicator LSI, that compares the value of the used friction coefficient to the maximum one. An alert is generated, when the value of the LSI exceeds a threshold, to warn the driver on the risk situations. This methodology is validated in simulation using data from the vehicle dynamics simulator CALLAS® and in experimentation using the data from the laboratory vehicle of the IFSTTARMA. The simulation dat correspond to different road states (dry, wet, snowy and icy) and the experimental data correspond to a dry road state. The second methodology consists on the development of an algorithm for the anticipation of the risk situations by the evaluation of the risk indicators in future instant. This method is based on assumptions on the trajectory and longitudinal velocity and acceleration, to anticipate the vehicle dynamics parameters such as, the steering angle, the wheel rotational speed, the yaw rate, the side-slip angle, the normal forces, the lateral forces and the maximum friction coefficient. By knowing these parameters, we can calculate the risk indicators and evaluate them in future instant. The risk indicators evaluated in this method are the lateral load transfer LTR, based on the normal forces and the lateral skid indicator LSI based on the maximum friction coefficient. As well as for the estimation method, this method is validated using simulation data and experimental data. The results obtained in both methods have shown their applicability
Lullin, Justine. "Design, simulation and fabrication of a vertical microscanner for phase modulation interferometry - Application to optical coherence tomography system for skin imaging." Thesis, Besançon, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BESA2010/document.
Full textThis thesis describes the design, simulation and fabrication of a vertically actuated 4x4 array ofmicromirrors with embedded position sensing function. The vertical microscanner is meant to beintegrated within an array-type Mirau microinterferometer realized with optical microcomponentsfabricated using collective techniques. The microscanner, developed in this thesis, provides areference signal that is used for the implementation of phase modulation interferometery in an opticalcoherence tomography (OCT) system. This thesis first introduces the need for adapted imagingsystems for the early diagnosis of skin cancer and establishes the optical specifications requiredby this specific application. Based on these specifications, the design of the OCT system based onthe Mirau microinterferometer is presented. In parallel, the state of the art of the microactuationtechnologies is discussed and comb drive electrostatic actuation is chosen, for its compatibilitywith the design of the Mirau microinterferometer, to actuate and sense the position of the array ofmicromirrors. Then, the core of the thesis deals with the development of the vertical microscanner,i.e. its design and simulations, its fabrication and its characterization
Djeldjellani, Mohamed. "Étude d'un applicateur destiné à la mesure des propriétés diélectriques de la peau par réflectométrie temporelle." Besançon, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989BESA2019.
Full textCoelho, Talita Salles. "Implementação de algoritmos computacionais para interpretação de imagens dermatoscópicas para diagnóstico de tumores de pele." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/85/85133/tde-28012019-084648/.
Full textSkin cancer is the most frequent malignant tumor in Brazil representing approximately 29% of all diagnosed tumors. Malignant melanoma is the least common presentation, with about 1% of all diagnoses, but with higher mortality rate compared to other non-melanoma tumors. Early diagnosis ensures a high patient survival rate. The most used method for the analysis of these lesions is the ABCD rule, where features such as asymmetry, border, color and diameter of lesions are extracted. Dermatoscopy is a noninvasive technique that allows the recognition of skin structure with a magnification of up 400x. A good diagnosis is associated with the degree of subjectivity of the operator doctor. The contribution of this present work consists in the analysis of lesions associated with digital image processing technique, with the goal of provide a support tool to doctor, giving one support in time to give a diagnosis to the patient. The software developed here with dermatoscopic images of skin lesions associated with ABCD rule, giving a diagnosis, by the analysis of the lesion characteristics, indicating if the lesion is melanoma or no melanoma.
Stevens, Mathilde. "La peau comme fenêtre du système nerveux : physiopathologie et biomarqueurs." Thesis, Limoges, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIMO0029.
Full textSmall-fiber neuropathies (SFN), or painful neuropathies, are characterized by neuropathic pain and autonomic dysfunction, which are particularly disabling symptoms and whose current therapeutic management is not satisfactory. The skin biopsy, which is the "gold standard" in the SFN diagnosis, is an interesting easy to do and accessible. However, its current interpretation is limited, bringing only a quantitative information: there is a loss of intraepidermic nerve fibers, resulting from SFN more than an explanation of the symptomatology. In a first study, we compared the quantification of skin biopsy fibers with their functional analysis explored by SUDOSCAN®. We found a weak correlation between the two tools, confirming that skin biopsy is not a good reflet of fibers function. Nevertheless, in a second study on Charcot-Marie-Tooth 1A patients, we found a correlation between cutaneous biopsy and sensitivity to sting, sensitivity transmitted by small fibers. Regarding cutaneous biomarkers, analysis of Langherans cells in different neuropathies found an increase in these in diabetic patients and a lower density in healthy subjects, but also a decrease in patients affected with CMT1A, without ever having any correlation with small nerve fibers density. Finally, in a third part studying the POEMS syndrome, we found that the dermal vascularization, which is significantly higher in POEMS, would be an interesting candidate biomarker for etiological diagnostic purposes. The search for skin biomarkers to improve the diagnosis and to better understand the pathophysiology of fiber loss in order to find therapeutic targets to improve the management of these patients seems essential. Additional studies are needed, and some are ongoing as a continuation of this work
Pereira, Talita de Azevedo Coelho Furquim. "Feridas complexas classificação de tecidos, segmentação e mensuração com o classificador Optimun-Path Forest /." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/153761.
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Introdução: As feridas complexas apresentam difícil resolução e associam-se a perda cutânea extensa, infecções importantes, comprometimento da viabilidade dos tecidos e/ou associação com doenças sistêmicas que prejudicam os processos normais de cicatrização, cursam com elevada morbimortalidade e têm sido apontadas como grave problema de saúde pública. Na prática clínica, é importante avaliar as feridas e documentar a avaliação. O registro incompleto sobre o paciente e o tratamento em uso é apontado como um desafio no acompanhamento das feridas e também prejudica ações de gestão, pesquisa e educação. A incorporação de fotografias de feridas à pratica profissional, mostra-se como uma estratégia para auxiliar profissionais na observação, evolução e registro claro e preciso. O Optimum-Path Forest (OPF) é um framework para o desenvolvimento de técnicas de reconhecimento de padrões baseado em partições de caminhos ótimos e particularmente eficiente para a classificação de imagens. O classificador OPF gera resultados a partir do cruzamento das classes e características selecionadas. Objetivo: Descrever as etapas do desenvolvimento de um aplicativo para dispositivos móveis capaz de segmentar e classificar tecidos de feridas complexas baseado no Optimum-Path Forest (OPF) supervisionado. Método: Foi aplicada uma nova metodologia inteligente para análise e classificação de imagens de feridas complexas por meio de técnicas de processamento digital de imagens e aprendizado de máquina com o classificador de padrões Optimum-Path Forest (OPF) supervisionado. Criou-se o banco de imagens de 27 feridas complexas, que foram rotuladas por quatro especialistas conforme a classificação dos tecidos em quatro classes: granulação (vermelho), tecido fibrinóide (amarelo), necrose (preto) e hematoma (roxo), gerando 108 imagens rotuladas. Acrescentou-se duas classes: branco (o que está na foto, exceto o leito da ferida) e dúvida (divergência na classificação pelos profissionais). O classificador OPF foi treinado a partir dessas 108 imagens. Aplicou-se o OPF às imagens de feridas e verificou-se a acurácia. Em seguida, iniciou-se a construção do aplicativo. Resultados e Discussão: O presente estudo desenvolveu um esquema de classificação de tecido de feridas assistido por computador para avaliação e gerenciamento de feridas complexas, a partir de fotos de feridas da câmera digital de um smartphone. A aplicação do OPF a feridas complexas trouxe como resultado uma acurácia de 77,52% ± 6,14. Com esta ferramenta, foi desenvolvido como produto desta pesquisa um aplicativo para segmentação, classificação de tecidos e mensuração de feridas complexas. O aplicativo gera um relatório no formato Portable Document Format (PDF) que pode ser enviado por e-mail, impresso ou anexado a prontuário eletrônico compatível. Conclusão: Foi construído um banco com 27 imagens de feridas complexas, que quatro profissionais rotularam para treinamento do classificador OPF, aplicou-se o OPF às imagens de feridas complexas, avaliou-se a acurácia deste processo e desenvolveu-se um aplicativo para dispositivos móveis com as funções de segmentação da ferida, classificação de tecidos e mensuração da ferida. Os resultados mostraram que o valor da acurácia obtido na análise computacional teve valor significativo, equiparando-se a avaliação de especialistas em feridas. Comparando com estudos similares, a análise computacional de feridas mostrou-se com menor variabilidade em relação a avaliação de profissionais, sugerindo que a incorporação desta tecnologia na prática clínica favoreça o cuidado em saúde do paciente com feridas complexas, além de fornecer dados para a gestão, ensino e pesquisa.
Introduction: Complex wounds are difficult to resolve and are associated with extensive cutaneous loss, major infections, compromised tissue viability and / or are related to systemic diseases that impair normal healing processes, have high morbidity and mortality and have been identified as severe public health problem. In clinical practice, it is important to evaluate the wounds and document the evaluation. The incomplete record on the patient and the treatment in use is pointed out as a challenge in the follow up of the wounds and also impairs management, research and education actions. The incorporation of wounds’ photos in the professional practice, stands out as a strategy to assist professionals in the observation, evolution and clear and precise recording. Optimum-Path Forest (OPF) is a framework for the development of pattern recognition techniques based on optimal path partitions and is particularly efficient for image classification. The OPF classifier generates results from the intersection of the selected classes and characteristics. Objective: Describe the steps in developing a mobile application capable of segmenting and sorting complex wound tissue based on the supervised Optimum-Path Forest (OPF). Method: A new intelligent methodology was applied for the analysis and classification of complex wound images using digital image processing and machine learning techniques with the supervised Optimum-Path Forest (OPF) standards classifier. The image bank of 27 complex wounds was created, which were labeled by four specialists according to the classification of the tissues into four classes: granulation (red), fibrinoid (yellow) tissue, necrosis (black) and hematoma (purple), generating 108 images. Two classes were added: white (what is in the photo, except the wound bed) and doubt (divergence in classification by professionals). The OPF classifier was trained from these 108 images. The OPF was applied to the wound images and the accuracy was verified. Then, the application developing process was started. Results and Discussion: The present study developed a computer-aided wound tissue classification scheme for evaluation and management of complex wounds from photos of a smartphone. The OPF application to complex wounds resulted in an accuracy of 77.52 ± 6.14. With this 4 tool, it was developed the product of this research: an application for segmentation, tissue classification and measurement of complex wounds. The application generates a Portable Document Format (PDF) report that can be emailed, printed or attached to a compatible electronic medical record. Conclusion: A bank was made with 27 images of complex wounds, which four professionals labeled for training the OPF classifier, applied the OPF to complex wound images, assessed the accuracy of this process and developed a mobile application with the functions of wound segmentation, tissue classification and wound measurement. The results showed that the value of the accuracy obtained in the computational analysis had a significant value, being equal to the evaluation of specialists in wounds. Comparing to similar studies, the computational analysis of wounds showed less variability than professionals´ evaluation, suggesting that the incorporation of this technology in clinical practice favors the health care of patients with complex wounds, besides providing data for the management, teaching and research.
Bisaccioni, Carla. "Reatividade clínica em pacientes com asma sensibilizados aos ácaros Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus e Blomia tropicalis." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5146/tde-09102013-152451/.
Full textAsthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways of global importance due to its high prevalence, with considerable impact on quality of life of patients. Among the different phenotypes of asthma, allergic asthma constitutes the majority of cases. Among the different triggers of asthma exacerbations, aeroallergens have the leading role, being mites group more important and prevalent. Among the mites, the most relevant to the study are Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Der p) and Blomia tropicalis (Blo t), with significant importance in tropical countries. Patients can be sensitive to these two mites or only one of them, but the positivity of test in vivo or in vitro clinical reactivity and does not mean that there is agreement with the relevant allergen for the triggering of symptoms. The cross-reactivity between these two mites has been studied. In vivo, there are few studies demonstrating the cross-reactivity between Der p and Blo t analyzing the correlation between skin tests and bronchial provocation. The aim of this study is to evaluate the clinical reactivity in patients with asthma sensitized to both house dust mites, Der p and Blo t. For this reason, patients with asthma, Ambulatory Service of Clinical Immunology and Allergy HCFMUSP were selected. Specific bronchial provocation tests were performed with both mites at different times. Eighteen patients with asthma were selected, and thirty-six provocations were performed. All provocations with the mite Der p were positive. Regarding Blo t, the result was positive in 93% of tests. In the present study, there was agreement in most cases between the presence of sensitization to mites and positivity in bronchial provocation test. Therefore, sensitization to mites in skin test identified is relevant to the triggering of asthma symptoms in these patients
Grillon, Antoine. "Borréliose de Lyme : rôle de l’interface cutanée et du microbiome dans la physiopathologie de la maladie." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017STRAJ097/document.
Full textLyme disease is the most common vector-borne disease in the Northern Hemisphere. Skin is a key organ in the disease, since it is the key interface where host cells, pathogen, skin microbiota and vector interact early during pathogen transmission. We developed a late lyme borreliosis model on mice. This model allowed us to develop a specific detection method of Borreliella proteins in the mouse skin by SRM-MS that might be used to develop a human diagnosis of disseminated Lyme disease. In a second part, we analysed the relationship between skin microbiota, resident skin cells (keratinocytes and fibroblasts), in the presence or absence of Borreliella. The secretome of three commensals bacteria, S. epidermidis, P. acnes and C. striatum was shown to have a synergistic activity with Borreliella in pro-inflammatory gene expressions by keratinocytes and fibroblasts. P. acnes and C. striatum secretomes were also able to inhibit partially the inflammatory response of keratinocytes that might help the transmission/dissemination of the pathogen
Cortial, Angèle. "Nouvelles applications des nanoparticules organiques : de la vectorisation d'un mélange d'actifs à travers la peau jusqu'au développement d'un test diagnostique in vitro de l'allergie aux parfums." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO10018/document.
Full textThe aim of this work was to develop and optimize methods for fragrance mix I (FMI) encapsulation into nanoparticles (NPs) of two types of nanoparticles (NPs) : polymeric NPs (poly-ε-caprolactone, PCL) and solid lipid NPs (SLNs) (prepared with petrolatum, shea butter, candelilla wax, C10-18 triglycerides, or cetyl palmitate). Then, these new NPss were evaluated as vectors through a pig skin to analyze the distribution of the FMI molecules in the different skin layers. In parallel, NPs have also been applied as solubilizers for the development of a new in vitro test for the diagnosis of fragrance allergy. Our results show that (i) NPs polymers, mainly anionic NPs, are the most suitable vectors to promote trans-epidermal penetration of fragrance. On the contrary, SLNs were found in the stratum corneum, leading to an accumulation of fragrance in this layer; (ii) whatever the type of NPs, the penetration of the FMI molecules in the deeper layers of the skin depends on their intrinsic partition coefficient; (iii) PCL-NPs significantly increase the FMI solubilization in conventional culture media and, allowing a robust reactivation of circulating specific T cells in patients with allergy to fragrances. All of these results confirm the potential of organic NPs for the development of future strategies (for the skin delivery of several actives in the different skin layers). These new vectors further offer a promising alternative to improve the diagnosis of contact dermatitis induced by fragrances and more generally by hydrophobic allergens
Ropog, József. "Konstrukce snímačů typu umělá kůže." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-230804.
Full textHéraud, Sandrine. "Adaptation de méthodes biophysiques et biomécaniques pour l'exploration des peaux reconstruites in vitro." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO10307.
Full textA skin equivalent consist of a epidermis reconstructed on the top of a dermis equivalent classically composed of fibroblasts cultured into a biomaterial scaffold which is often a collagen gel or sponge. This scaffold hold its own mechanical properties, influencing the global skin equivalent biomechanical response, so we choose to develop a scaffold-free skin equivalent (SFSE), based on the ability of fibroblasts to synthezise their own extracellular matrix. Our first objective was to optimize and characterize the structure, the reproducibility and functionality of this scaffold-free model. Our second goal was to adapt biophysical and biomechanical tools classically used for in vivo evaluation to in vitro skin equivalents. Their morphology was explored with different resolutions using echography, optical coherence tomography (OCT) and laser scanning microscopy whereas biomechanical functionality was evaluate by a suction test, the cutometry. This biophysical data were compared to more classical histological, immununohistological and transmission electronic microscopy results. The long-term culture of the scaffold-free model showed the good stability of epidermis and the continuous remodelling of MEC with notably an increase of collagen and elastin fibers. We selected a reference culture time, corresponding to the complete terminal differentiation of epidermis. At this culture time, we showed the epidermis and dermis thickness reproducibity in histology and OCT, the constant epidermis and dermo-epidermal junction maturity and the dermal expression of elastin, colocalized with fibrillin. The barrier function of epidermis was also demonstrated via stratum corneum and tight junctions impermeability
Melotti, Cláudia Zavaloni. "Pesquisa do rearranjo dos genes das cadeias leve e pesada de imunoglobulina nos processos linfoproliferativos cutâneos de células B." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5133/tde-12022008-134944/.
Full textINTRODUCTION: The differential diagnosis of the lymphoproliferative B-cell infiltrates remains an important challenge for pathologists, dermatologists, hematologists and oncologists, despite the recent advances in immunohistochemical and molecular techniques. OBJECTIVES: This study has evaluated the diagnostic aid and the limitations of the clonality analysis using molecular biology in cutaneous B-cell lymphomas and pseudolymphomas, as well as the relevance of this analysis when combined with clinical, histological and immunohistochemical data. METHODS: The study covered 31 cases of cutaneous lymphoproliferative B-cell infiltrates classified by histological and immunohistochemical characteristics as 14 lymphomas, 6 pseudolymphomas and 11 non-conclusive cases. The clonality analysis was performed in all cases using PCR to detect the pattern of immunoglobulin light kappa and heavy chains gene rearrangements. RESULTS: The results have confirmed monoclonality in 61,5% of lymphomas. In addition, the method showed monoclonality in 20% of the cases previously classified as a non-conclusive through histological and immunohistochemical evaluation. CONCLUSION: These results highlight the importance of the PCR clonality analysis as an ancillary diagnostic tool in cutaneous lymphoma. The research of the immunoglobulin light kappa gene rearrangement was more efficient resulting in a higher rate of monoclonality detection when compared to the heavy chain analysis. Nevertheless, the use of both protocols improves the sensitivity of the method.
Van, der Walt Jacobus Gert. "Radiation field shaping through low temperature thermal-spray in radiotheraphy." Thesis, Bloemfontein : Central University of Technology, Free State, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11462/116.
Full textSuperficial cancerous lesions are commonly treated through low energy X-ray or electron radiation in radiotherapy. The treatment units that produce the radiation are equipped with square, rectangular and round applicators of different sizes. These applicators attach to the treatment units and define the radiation field size applied during treatment. An applicator is chosen to fit the shape of the cancerous lesion on the patient as closely as possible. Since cancerous lesions are irregular in shape, there will always be an area of healthy tissue between the edge of the lesion and the edge of the standard field shape. This healthy tissue will be irradiated along with the lesion during treatment which is undesirable since the cancer wound heals through reparative growth of the surrounding healthy tissue after treatment. Traditional techniques that were developed to shield this healthy tissue and thus shape the radiation field to the shape of the lesion present various shortcomings. This study introduces a new thermal-spray process for producing radiation field shaping shields which overcomes most of the shortcomings encountered with the traditional field shaping techniques. Since none of the commercially available thermal-spray equipment could be used to produce field shaping shields, new thermal-spray equipment was designed and fabricated tailor made to the application. Different techniques to determine the contours of the treatment area on the patient were investigated. These included a patient contact technique using a plaster bandage impression and a non-contact technique using 3D laser scanning. From the plaster bandage impression a plaster model can be produced onto which a high density low melt material such as Wood’ s alloy can be thermally sprayed to produce a field shaping mask. A model can also be produced from the 3D laser scanning data through laser sintering (LS) in nylon polyamide powder or through computer numerical controlled (CNC) milling in a block of low density polyurethane. The thermal-spray technique was evaluated by comparing the field shaping ability of radiation shields produced through the technique to the field shaping ability of shields produced through the traditional techniques. Radiographic film was used for this purpose and the results are presented in the form of isodensity charts. The required thicknesses of thermal-sprayed field shaping masks to shield radiation of various energies were also determined. The thicknesses were determined through radiation transmission measurements of known thicknesses of sprayed sheets of Wood’ s alloy. X-ray imaging showed that there were no defects present within thermal-sprayed layers of Wood’ s alloy that may negatively affect the shielding ability of masks produced through the technique.
Oselame, Gleidson Brandão. "Desenvolvimento de software e hardware para diagnóstico e acompanhamento de lesões dermatológicas suspeitas para câncer de pele." Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2014. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/973.
Full textCancer is responsible for about 7 million deaths annually worldwide. It is estimated that 25% of all cancers are skin, and in Brazil the most frequent in all geographic regions type. Among them, the melanoma type, accounting for 4% of skin cancers, whose incidence has doubled worldwide in the past decade. Among the diagnostic methods employed, it is cited ABCD rule which considers asymmetry (A), edges (B), color (C) and diameter (D) stains or nevi. The digital image processing has shown good potential to aid in early diagnosis of melanoma. In this sense, the objective of this study was to develop software in MATLAB® platform, associated with hardware to standardize image acquisition aiming at performing the diagnosis and monitoring of suspected malignancy (melanoma) skin lesions. Was used as the ABCD rule for guiding the development of methods of computational analysis. We used MATLAB as a programming environment for the development of software for digital image processing. The images used were acquired two banks pictures free access. Images of melanomas (n = 15) and pictures nevi (not cancer) (n = 15) were included. We used the image in RGB color channel, which were converted to grayscale, application of 8x8 median filter and approximation technique for 3x3 neighborhood. After we preceded binarization and reversing black and white for subsequent feature extraction contours of the lesion. For the standardized image acquisition was developed a prototype hardware, which was not used in this study (that used with enclosed diagnostic images of image banks), but has been validated for evaluation of lesion diameter (D). We used descriptive statistics where the groups were subjected to non-parametric test for two independent samples Mann-Whitney U test yet, to evaluate the sensitivity (SE) and specificity (SP) of each variable, we used the ROC curve. The classifier used was an artificial neural network with radial basis function, obtaining diagnostic accuracy for melanoma images and 100% for images not cancer of 90.9%. Thus, the overall diagnostic accuracy for prediction was 95.5%. Regarding the SE and SP of the proposed method, obtained an area under the ROC curve of 0.967, which suggests an excellent diagnostic ability to predict, especially with low costs, since the software can be run in most systems operational use today.
Szopinski, Jan Zbigniew. "Estimation of the diagnostic accuracy of organ electrodermal diagnostics." Thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/1989.
Full textMy previous investigations have indicated that a connection exists between the state of health of specific internal organs and the electrical characteristics of related, although sometimes remote, skin areas. These skin areas are referred to as organ projection areas (OPA) and include acupuncture points. Pathology of a particular organ causes a related OPA to rectify electrical currents, once the resistance ‘breakthrough effect’ has been induced in the skin. The ‘breakthrough effect’ is a rapid reversible decrease in skin resistance which takes place under certain electrical stimulatory conditions. Only after it occurs, the skin resistance measured by means of a positively polarised point electrode is significantly higher for diseased organs’ projection areas, when compared to the resistance for the same but negatively polarised measuring electrode (rectification / diode phenomenon). For healthy organs’ projection areas, this phenomenon is not observed. The pathology of an internal organ also increases the impedance of the corresponding OPA. The location of the skin zone, where a high degree of rectification and increased impedance is observed, indicates which particular organ is diseased. The degree of rectification or difference in impedance indicates the extent of the pathological process within the organ. These findings created the basis for a new non-invasive diagnostic method – organ electrodermal diagnostics (OED). Although the electrical phenomena of the skin described above have been confirmed clinically, the resistance and impedance values involved have not been characterized statistically. Therefore, in order to determine the accuracy of OED, optimization of OED parameters was undertaken. Evaluation of electrical characteristics revealed that for AC measurements, low frequency and high amplitude were most suitable. Therefore 250Hz was selected as the measurement frequency, since lower frequencies produced uncomfortable sensations under the measuring electrode. Measuring current amplitude was chosen to be 25uA (peak) since it was observed to be below the perception threshold. For DC measurements, the highest amplitude of the measurement stimulus that does not cause uncomfortable sensations was the most suitable. Since the skin resistance is very low after the ‘breakthrough effect’, 25uA was chosen as optimal. According to these parameters the OED device ‘Diagnotronics’ was built. The device specifies the actual condition of the organ related to the investigated skin area as 'HEALTHY', 'WITHIN NORMAL LIMITS', ‘SUBACUTE’ and ‘ACUTE’. A special display graded according to percentage of the disease intensity, makes it possible to specify accurately the activity of organ pathology. The locations of skin areas corresponding to the examined organs and final results are displayed on a screen. A double-blind comparative study of OED results and clinical diagnoses, as a criterion standard, was performed on a group of 200 inpatients at Helen Joseph Hospital's surgical department. The study was restricted to the following organs: oesophagus, stomach, gall bladder, pancreas, colon, kidneys, urinary bladder and prostate. These organs are relatively easy to access clinically, and their pathologies represent a variety of aetiological and pathogenetic factors e.g. infections, inflammation, neoplasms, immunological and metabolic disorders. In total 630 true OED results were obtained from the 714 subjects considered: detection rate 88.2% (85,6-90,5%). Established OED sensitivity was 89.5% (85,2-92,8%) and OED specificity equaled 87.5% (84,0-90,4%). The predictive value for positive OED results was 81.7% (76,9-85,9%) and for negative OED results 93.0% (90,1-95,2%). There were no significant differences in the results obtained from various internal organs. Healthy organs usually display the OED result 'HEALTHY' or 'WITHIN NORMAL LIMITS’, while subacute pathology displays 'SUBACUTE' and acute pathology as an 'ACUTE'. The OED results were affected neither by the type nor the aetiology of disease i.e. OED estimates the actual extent of the pathological process activity within a particular organ but does not explain the direct cause of the pathology. The OED results were not influenced by a patient's muscle tension, emotional state, skin humidity, environmental temperature or by procedure duration. The pressure of the measuring electrode had a limited influence (up to 5%) on the OED results and did not affect the final diagnoses. No side-effects of the OED examinations were observed. The study confirmed the existence of OPA on the skin surface and proved that OED is a reliable bioelectronic method of non-invasive medical diagnostic testing, with high rates of sensitivity, specificity and predictive values. OED may detect diseased organs and estimate the activity of the pathological process.
Volz, Dietmar [Verfasser]. "Modeling of light propagation in skin, and an application to noninvasive diagnostics / vorgelegt von Dietmar Volz." 2001. http://d-nb.info/963766341/34.
Full textGeadas, Carolina Dinis Godinho. "Latent tuberculosis infection : a diagnostic challenge : tuberculin skin testing versus interferon-γ release assays." Master's thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10451/23918.
Full textThe high incidence of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) is recognized as one of the barriers to eradication of tuberculosis (TB) worldwide. Latent cases of the disease account for a hidden pool of potentially infectious subjects within a community who are desirable targets for early screening. While the impact of contact transmission on the general burden of TB within a population is unknown, a recent meta-analysis estimated the overall prevalence of LTBI among high-income countries to be as high as 28%1, making this an important subgroup of patients at risk for infection and disease. To date there is no gold-standard method for diagnosing LTBI, and it is impossible to distinguish between remote and recent infection. Definition of LTBI is itself controversial. Tuberculin skin testing (TST) and Interferongamma release assays (IGRA) are the tools widely accepted for LTBI screening. Though IGRAs have been suggested to more accurately detect LTBI compared to TST, several questions have been raised about the agreement, specificity and sensitivity of both tests, as well as their predictive values and window periods for conversion. Because we acknowledge the need for a better means of differentiating between recent and remote infection in order to appropriately screen highrisk individuals, we conducted a literature review on this subject that included original papers, systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and opinion and perspective articles. The aim of this communication is to give a comprehensive, evidence-based perspective on the currently preferable approach to these patients.
A elevada incidência da infecção latente por tuberculose (LTBI) é reconhecida como um dos grandes obstáculos à erradicação da tuberculose (TB) no mundo. Casos latentes constituem um reservatório oculto de indivíduos potencialmente infecciosos numa comunidade que são, por isso, alvos desejáveis para detecção precoce. Apesar de o verdadeiro impacto da transmissão entre contactos na epidemiologia global da TB não ser conhecido, uma meta-análise recentemente concluiu que a prevalência da LTBI nos países desenvolvidos pode chegar aos 28%1, tornando este um importante subgrupo de doentes em risco de doença e transmissão. Até à data, não existe um método gold standard para o diagnóstico de LTBI e é impossível distinguir entre infecção remota e recente. A definição de LTBI é, em si mesma, controversa. O teste cutâneo da tuberculina (TST) e os testes de doseamento da libertação de interferão-gama (IGRA) são largamente utilizados para o controlo da LTBI. Apesar de o IGRA ser considerado superior ao TST na sua eficácia em detectar LTBI, várias dúvidas se levantam em relação à concordância entre os testes, à sua especificidade, sensibilidade, valores preditivos e períodos de conversão. Reconhecendo as limitações actuais e a necessidade de novos e melhores métodos para a detecção precoce da infecção latente por tuberculose nos contactos com exposição recente, desenvolvemos uma revisão de literatura que incluiu artigos originais, revisões sistemáticas, meta-análises, e artigos de opinião e perspectiva. O objectivo deste trabalho é a compilação e análise da evidência actualmente disponível sobre a mais eficaz abordagem a estes doentes.
Chang, Yua-Che, and 張淵哲. "Numerical study on the diagnostic method of active dynamic thermography for skin burn wounds of irregular shape." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/91847441258552392128.
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