Relevant bibliographies by topics / Skin biomechanics

Academic literature on the topic 'Skin biomechanics'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Skin biomechanics"

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Ibrahim, Sherrif F. "Commentary: Biomechanics of the Skin." Dermatologic Surgery 39, no. 2 (February 2013): 204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/dsu.12006.

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Vesentini, S., A. Redaelli, and F. M. Montevecchi. "Skin nanostructural features determine suture biomechanics." IEEE Transactions on Nanobioscience 2, no. 2 (June 2003): 79–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tnb.2003.813925.

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Ebersole, G. C., P. M. Anderson, and H. M. Powell. "Epidermal differentiation governs engineered skin biomechanics." Journal of Biomechanics 43, no. 16 (December 2010): 3183–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2010.07.026.

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Lovald, Scott T., Shelby G. Topp, Jorge A. Ochoa, and Curtis W. Gaball. "Biomechanics of the Monopedicle Skin Flap." Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 149, no. 6 (September 30, 2013): 858–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0194599813505836.

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Mohd Noor, Siti Noor Azizzati, and Jamaluddin Mahmud. "A Review on Synthetic Skin: Materials Investigation, Experimentation and Simulation." Advanced Materials Research 915-916 (April 2014): 858–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.915-916.858.

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The skin, which acts as a protector of the body from potentially harmful external environment is a multi-layered tissue that exhibits complex mechanical behaviour. The aim of this paper is to review available studies of human skin using experimental and numerical methods in determining the mechanical properties of skin. Mechanical properties of skin are vital to the certain industries such as surgical, cosmetics, forensic science and etc., where skin study currently leads to the development of an ultimate skin-like substitute that contains anatomy and physiology characteristics. A number of research papers and journals related to skin were revised and currently findings show that available information in regard to skin biomechanical properties is limited and the actual skin behavior is not comprehensively examined. Nevertheless, further in-depth research is required to develop appropriate techniques in estimating the skin properties which are valuable to the development of biomechanics study of skin.
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Silva, Henrique, Francisco FC Rego, Catarina Rosado, and Luis Monteiro Rodrigues. "Novel 3D “active” representations of skin biomechanics." Journal Biomedical and Biopharmaceutical Research 13, no. 2 (December 2016): 219–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.19277/bbr.13.2.140.

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Corr, David T., and David A. Hart. "Biomechanics of Scar Tissue and Uninjured Skin." Advances in Wound Care 2, no. 2 (March 2013): 37–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/wound.2011.0321.

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Lucas, James B. "The Physiology and Biomechanics of Skin Flaps." Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America 25, no. 3 (August 2017): 303–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fsc.2017.03.003.

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Durak, Saliha, Tuncay olak, and Mehmet Yener. "Topographic Variations of Skin Biomechanics: Cadaver Study." Annals of Medical Research 29, no. 11 (2022): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5455/annalsmedres.2022.04.134.

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Objectives: The skin is a multifunctional organ that covers up the entire surface of the body. Material properties such as hyperelasticity, viscoelasticity and plasticity are very important for the development of new biological materials. The main focus of this study is to investigate the biomechanical properties of the dermis and to examine how these vary according to different body parts. Methods: Skin samples were dissected from various parts of the body. All skin samples were tested in uniaxial tension parallel to their long axis. A strength-elongation curve was obtained and the maximum strength and maximum elongation values were determined from this curve for each tensile test performed. Reaction forces and displacements were determined by software. Results: The results of our study showed a statistically significant difference in the evaluation between the scalp, face, upper and lower extremities for elastic modulus, tensile strength and thickness. It has been observed that the elastic modulus, tensile strength and thickness values vary depending on the topographic region of the body. According to our results, the upper extremity showed the highest elastic modulus among all regions (42.70 ± 8.92 MPa). The highest tensile strength was also measured for the upper extremity skin and its value was determined as 17.72 ± 4.00 MPa. Conclusions: Data obtained from this study may provide valuable information for modeling purposes, basic data for tissue grafts and comparison of tissue characteristics after head trauma or forensic examinations.
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Kuwazuru, Osamu, Jariyaporn Saothong, and Nobuhiro Yoshikawa. "WRINKLE ANALYSIS OF AGING SKIN BY FINITE ELEMENT METHOD(1E1 Computational Biomechanics)." Proceedings of the Asian Pacific Conference on Biomechanics : emerging science and technology in biomechanics 2007.3 (2007): S77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeapbio.2007.3.s77.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Skin biomechanics"

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Ebersole, Gregory C. "Engineered Skin Biomechanics and the Deformation Behavior of Tissue Engineering Scaffolds." The Ohio State University, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1306765479.

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Monat, Heath Barnhart. "Lumbar Skin Profile Prediction from Anterior and Lateral Torso Measurements." The Ohio State University, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1343062090.

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Lynch, Barbara. "Multiscale biomechanics of skin: experimental investigation of the role of the collagen microstructure." Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2015. https://theses.hal.science/tel-01237007/document.

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Skin is a complex organ consisting of three main layers, namely the epidermis, dermis and hypodermis. The dermis is responsible for most of the complex mechanical properties of skin, including non-linearity, anisotropy and viscoelasticity. Like all soft collagenous tissues, the dermis is constituted mostly of extracellular matrix proteins, fibrillar collagens being the major structural components. Modelling efforts using a scaling-up approach for skin generally lack appropriate micro-mechanical experiments to clarify the link between macroscopic mechanical properties and microstructural behaviour. The goal of this research was to measure the evolution of skin's microstructure during mechanical stimulation to identify the relevant mechanisms at the microscopic scale. Uniaxial tensile tests were carried out on ex vivo mice skin under a multiphoton microscope with Second Harmonic Generation detection. This technique allows for specific imaging of collagen fibres in the depth of the dermis. We were then able to simultaneously monitor the tissue's mechanical response and image the microstructural reorganisation of the fibrillar collagen network, using quantitative characterisations at both scales. We showed that the collagen fibres continuously align in the direction of traction with stretch, generating the observed mechanical response. A general framework of hypothetical microstructural mechanisms was proposed to account for the features observed experimentally. Genetic mutations inducing a decreased or abnormal collagen synthesis can result in defective mechanical properties in skin. For instance, patients suffering from Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, a general collagenous tissue disorder caused by mutations in the genes coding for a minor form of collagen, typically present hyperelastic skin. We applied our multiscale approach to two genetically-modified mice strains created in the context of investigating the Ehlers-Danlos syndrome. The ageing process is also a factor of change in skin's mechanical properties, and was investigated in this work through experiments on aged mice skin. Genetically-modified and aged mice skin exhibited altered collagen reorganisation and mechanical response during a tensile test. The variations were interpreted in the context of the microstructural interpretation developed for control mice, and can be used for phenotyping. These findings show that our multiscale approach provides new crucial information on the biomechanics of skin. It can be generalised to study other pathologies, other collagenous tissues, or other mechanical properties, such as the biaxial or viscoelastic response.
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Newman, Steven J. "Crawling without Wiggling: Muscular Mechanisms and Kinematics of Rectilinear Locomotion in Boa Constrictors." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin150512929603962.

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Blackstone, Britani Nicole. "Biomaterial, Mechanical and Molecular Strategies to Control Skin Mechanics." The Ohio State University, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1406123409.

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Schroeck, Christopher A. "A Reticulation of Skin-Applied Strain Sensors for Motion Capture." Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1560294990047589.

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Kahn, Julie. "Biomechanics of Patient Handling Slings Associated with Spinal Cord Injuries." Scholar Commons, 2013. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/4702.

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Pressure ulcers and related skin integrity threats are a significant problem in current transfer/transport systems used for spinal cord injury patients. To understand this problem twenty-three different slings with varying type, material, and features were analyzed in hopes to identify at-risk areas for skin integrity threats such as pressure ulcers. Population samples included non-disabled (otherwise referred to as "healthy") volunteers as well as SCI patients from the James A. Haley Veterans Hospital. High resolution pressure interface mapping was utilized to directly measure the interface pressures between the patient and sling interface. Overall results provide relevant feedback on the systems used and to suggest a particular type of sling that might reduce and possibly minimize skin integrity threats as well as extend safe patient handling guidelines with sling use. It was found that the highest interface pressures convened along the seams of the sling, regardless of manufacturer or type.
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Balois, Thibaut. "Modélisation de croissance de tumeurs : cas particulier des mélanomes." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PSLEE033/document.

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Le mélanome est un cancer dont la mortalité augmente rapidement avec le temps. Afin d'assurer une détection précoce, des campagnes de sensibilisation ont été menées donnant des critères morphologiques pour le distinguer des grains de beauté. Mais, l'origine des différences d'aspects entre lésions bénignes et malignes reste inconnue. L'objectif est ici de relier les effets des modifications génétiques à l'aspect des tumeurs, en utilisant des outils venus de la physique macroscopique. Les mélanomes ont l'avantage d'être facilement observables et fins, ce qui en font un système idéal. Ce travail commence par rappeler les aspects physiologiques des cancers de la peau. On explique le fonctionnement de la peau saine, puis nous décrivons les différents types de lésions cutanées, et enfin nous donnons un bref aperçu des différents chemins génétiques connus menant au mélanome. Ensuite, nous faisons un rappel des différents modèles mathématiques du cancer. Nous nous attardons sur l'utilisation de la théorie des mélanges comme base théorique de mise en équation des tumeurs. Nous l'appliquons ensuite dans un modèle simplifié à deux phases en deux dimensions. Puis, nous analysons ces équations. Une étude des composantes spatiales montre la possibilité d'un processus de séparation de phases : la décomposition spinodale. L'étude temporelle permet de montrer que ces équations contiennent les ingrédients nécessaires à décrire plusieurs types de mélanomes observés in vivo. Nous terminons par l'étude des effets de la troisième dimension jusqu'alors mis de côté dans le modèle. Nous mettons en équation des mélanomes évoluant sur un épiderme ondulé, au niveau des mains et des pieds
Melanoma is a cancer whose mortality grows rapidly with time. In order to insure an early diagnosis, advertising campaigns have emphasized the importance of morphological criteria in order to distinguish moles from melanoma. But, the origins of those criteria are still poorly understood. Our goal is to understand the link between genetic modifications and melanoma patterns using physical tools. As melanoma is easily observable and thin, this makes it an ideal system. This work begins by recalling the physiological aspect of skin cancer. Healthy skin is thoroughly described, then cancerous lesions are depictesd, and melanoma genetic pathways are briefly discussed. Then, continuous mathematical models of cancer are reviewed. We show how mixture theory is used to put cancer into equations. Then, this framework is simplified in a two phases 2D model.Those equations are analysed. The spatial study shows the possibility of a phase separation process: the spinodal decomposition. And, the time study shows thet this model contains the ingredients necessary to describe several melanoma types seen in vivo.Focussing finally on the third dimension. Melanoma evolving on a wavy epidermis (hands and feet skin) are studied. We explain how melanoma patterns should follow the skin ridges (fingerprints)
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Li, Duo. "Biomechanical simulation of the hand musculoskeletal system and skin." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/44027.

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Pond, Damien. "Constitutive modelling of the skin accounting for chronological ageing." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/25376.

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The skin is the largest organ in the human body. It is the first line of contact with the outside world, being subject to a harsh array of physical loads and environmental factors. In addition to this, the skin performs numerous physiological tasks such as thermo-regualtion, vitamin D synthesis and neurotransduction. The skin, as with all biological tissue, is subject to chronological ageing, whereby there is a general breakdown of tissue function and a decline in mechanical properties. In addition to this, skin undergoes extrinsic forms of ageing through exposure to external factors such as ultraviolet radiation, air pollution and cigarette smoking. Skin modelling is an area of biomechanics that, although medical in nature, has expanded into areas such as cosmetics, military, sports equipment and computer graphics. Skin can be approximated at the macroscopic continuum scale as an anisotropic, nearly-incompressible, viscoelastic and non-linear material whose material properties are highly dependent on the ageing process. Through the literature, several phenomenologically based models have been satisfactorily employed to capture the behaviour inherent to the skin, but despite the intrinsic link to age, to date no constitutive model for the UV-induced ageing/damage of skin has been developed that is both capable of capturing the material and structural effects, and is embedded in the rigorous framework of non-linear continuum mechanics. Such a mechanistic model is proposed here. The macroscopic response of the skin is due to microscopic components such as collagen, elastin and the surrounding ground substance and the interaction between them. An overview on the structure of the skin helps motivate the form of the continuum model and identifies which aspects of the skin need to be captured in order to replicate the macroscopic response. Furthermore, the ageing process is explored and a firm understanding of the influence of ageing on the substructures is established. Over time, elastin levels tend to decrease which results in a loss of skin elasticity. Collagen levels drop with age, but tend to flatten out which results in an overall increase in skin stiffness and loss of anisotropy. A worm-like chain constitutive model, arranged in an 8-chain configuration, is employed to capture the mechanical response of the skin. The use of such a micro-structurally-motivated model attempts to connect the underlying substructures (collagen, elastin and ground substance) present in the skin to the overall mechanical response. The constitutive model is implemented within a finite element scheme. Simple uniaxial tests are employed to ascertain the validity of the model, whereby skin samples are stretched to elicit the typical anisotropic locking response. A more complex loading condition is applied through bulge tests where a pressure is applied to an in vitro skin specimen. This more complex test is subsequently used to conduct a series of ageing numerical experiments to ascertain the response of the model to changes in material properties associated with ageing. A modified model is then proposed to capture the ageing response of the skin. The key microscopic biophysical processes that underpin ageing are identified, approximated and adapted sufficiently to be of use in the macroscopic continuum model. Aspects of open-system thermodynamics and mixture theory are adapted to the context of ageing in order to capture a continuous ageing response.
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Books on the topic "Skin biomechanics"

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Klyuchnikova, Valentina, Valentina Kostyleva, and A. A. Orlova. Designing of leather products. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1140659.

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The design characteristics of leather products, anatomical and physiological, anthropological and biomechanical fundamentals of designing leather products are given. Methods of modeling and designing, theoretical issues of gradation and dimensional and full range of shoes are considered. Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation. For bachelors of training areas 29.03.01 "Technology of light industry products", 29.03.05 "Design of light industry products", masters of training areas 29.04.01 "Technology of light industry products", 29.04.05 "Design of light industry products" of all forms of training, as well as for students in the direction 29.06.01 "Light industry technologies", orientation "Skin technology, furs, footwear and leather goods", light industry workers and students of the Institute of Additional Education.
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Kizʹko, A. P. Teoreticheskie i metodicheskie osnovy funkt︠s︡ionalʹnoĭ podgotovki sportsmenov: Na primere lyzhnykh gonok. Novosibirsk: Novosibirskiĭ gos. tekhnicheskiĭ universitet, 2001.

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1955-, Elsner Peter, ed. Bioengineering of the skin: Skin biomechanics. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2002.

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(Editor), Peter Elsner, Enzo Berardesca (Editor), Klaus-Peter Wilhelm (Editor), and Howard I. Maibach (Editor), eds. Bioengineering of the Skin: Skin Biomechanics, Volume V. Informa Healthcare, 2001.

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Elsner, Peter, Enzo Berardesca, and Klaus-Peter Wilhelm. Bioengineering of the Skin: Skin Biomechanics, Volume V. Taylor & Francis Group, 2001.

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Elsner, Peter, Enzo Berardesca, and Klaus-Peter Wilhelm. Bioengineering of the Skin Vol. 5: Skin Biomechanics, Volume V. Taylor & Francis Group, 2001.

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Millington, P. Skin (Biological Structure and Function Books). Cambridge University Press, 2009.

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Freeman, Lynetta Jean. Skin wound healing in Ehlers-Danlos syndrome: Clinical, histopathological and biomechanical comparisons in affected and nonaffected dogs and cats. 1986.

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Mote, C. D., and Robert J. Johnson. Skiing Trauma and Safety: Seventh International Symposium (Astm Special Technical Publication// Stp). Astm Intl, 1989.

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Book chapters on the topic "Skin biomechanics"

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Maibach, Howard. "Biomechanics of Skin." In Drug Discovery and Evaluation: Pharmacological Assays, 3961–93. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-05392-9_106.

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Xu, Feng, and Tianjian Lu. "Skin Biomechanics Modeling." In Introduction to Skin Biothermomechanics and Thermal Pain, 155–206. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-13202-5_7.

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Maibach, Howard. "Biomechanics of Skin." In Drug Discovery and Evaluation: Pharmacological Assays, 1–40. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-27728-3_106-1.

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Kieser, Jules. "Biomechanics of Skin and Soft Tissue Trauma." In Forensic Biomechanics, 71–97. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118404249.ch4.

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Wainwright, S. A. "Fibrous Skin Mechanics: Superstructure and New Problems." In Frontiers in Biomechanics, 137–41. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-4866-8_11.

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Paul, Sharad P. "Patterns, Biomechanics and Behaviour." In Biodynamic Excisional Skin Tension Lines for Cutaneous Surgery, 173–83. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-71495-0_12.

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Tavares, Liliana, Lídia Palma, Osvaldo Santos, MªAngélica Roberto, Mª Julia Bujan, and Luís Monteiro Rodrigues. "Impact of Excess Body Weight on Skin Hydration and Biomechanics." In Measuring the Skin, 1–9. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-26594-0_113-1.

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Oomens, C. W. J., D. H. Van Campen, H. J. Grootenboer, and L. J. De Boer. "Experimental and Theoretical Compression Studies on Porcine Skin." In Biomechanics: Current Interdisciplinary Research, 227–32. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-7432-9_29.

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Luengo, Gustavo S., Anne Potter, Marion Ghibaudo, Nawel Baghdadli, Ramona Enea, and Zhenhhua Song. "Stratum Corneum Biomechanics (Mechanics and Friction): Influence of Lipids and Moisturizers." In Measuring the Skin, 1–15. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-26594-0_34-1.

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HajiRassouliha, Amir, Andrew J. Taberner, Martyn P. Nash, and Poul M. F. Nielsen. "Subpixel Measurement of Living Skin Deformation Using Intrinsic Features." In Computational Biomechanics for Medicine, 91–99. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-54481-6_8.

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Conference papers on the topic "Skin biomechanics"

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Maidhof, Robert, Abhinav Madhavachandran, Holly Eyrich, Ami Kling, Anindya Majumdar, John Lyga, and Sean J. Kirkpatrick. "In vivo quantification of the effects of skin product formulations on the mechanical stiffness of skin surface layers using optical elastography (Conference Presentation)." In Optical Elastography and Tissue Biomechanics V, edited by Kirill V. Larin and David D. Sampson. SPIE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2290254.

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Zhou, Kanheng, Kairui Feng, Mingkai Wang, Tanatswa Jamera, Chunhui Li, and Zhihong Huang. "High resolution SAW elastography for ex-vivo porcine skin specimen." In Optical Elastography and Tissue Biomechanics V, edited by Kirill V. Larin and David D. Sampson. SPIE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2288498.

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Kirby, Mitchell A., Peijun Tang, Hong-Cin Liou, John J. Pitre, Ruikang Wang, Matthew O'Donnell, Samuel Mandell, Russell Ettiger, and Ivan Pelivanov. "In vivo elasticity mapping in human skin with AuT-based OCE." In Optical Elastography and Tissue Biomechanics VIII, edited by Kirill V. Larin and Giuliano Scarcelli. SPIE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2577044.

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Shaw, Joshua, Liemin Au, Barbara Hull, and Shawn Hunter. "Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Sterilization Minimally Affects Human Allograft Skin Morphology and Biomechanics." In ASME 2010 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2010-19223.

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Skin-based products are currently used to treat numerous acute and chronic injuries. Allograft skin typically used for burn treatment is recovered aseptically and either cryopreserved or provided fresh shortly after procurement in order to maintain viability for engraftment. Such skin is also further processed in a variety of ways, including decellularization and lyophilization, to create biologic dressings and skin substitutes. Although allograft skin is vigorously screened and disinfected to prevent pathogen transmission it is seldom terminally sterilized, which may be of concern when it is used for patients who are immunocompromised. Thus, the overall goal of this work is to develop a sterile, skin-based biomaterial for potential use as a matrix for tissue regeneration.
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Zhou, Kanheng, Kairui Feng, Chunhui Li, Zhihong Huang, Paul O'Mahoney, Eadie Ewan, Sally H. Ibbotson, and Yuting Ling. "Structural characterization on in vitro porcine skin treated by ablative fractional laser using optical coherence tomography." In Optical Elastography and Tissue Biomechanics V, edited by Kirill V. Larin and David D. Sampson. SPIE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2288492.

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Ayer, K., M. Lopez, and M. C. Murphy. "Measuring Skeletal Kinematics With Accelerometers on the Skin Surface." In ASME 2009 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2009-206868.

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Gait analysis is an area within biomechanics that quantifies the motion of an animal. The most common motion analysis method uses cameras to track the position of markers on bodily surfaces over time. Although each species has a common skeletal frame to reference recorded motions, the soft tissue covering each is not rigid. Markers, therefore, experience motion relative to the bone and do not accurately portray underlying bone activity. This limits clinical use of motion studies and the understanding of joint motion.
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Bancelin, Stéphane, Barbara Lynch, Guillaume Ducourthial, Christelle Bonod-Bidaud, Florence Ruggiero, Aurélie Benoit, Gaël Latour, Jean-Marc Allain, and Marie-Claire Schanne-Klein. "Ex-vivo multiscale biomechanics in murine skin and human cornea using multiphoton microscopy (Conference Presentation)." In Clinical Biophotonics, edited by Daniel S. Elson, Sylvain Gioux, and Brian W. Pogue. SPIE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2559626.

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Kinneberg, Kirsten R. C., Victor S. Nirmalanandhan, Heather M. Powell, Steven T. Boyce, and David L. Butler. "Combined Effect of Glycosaminoglycan and Mechanical Stimulation on the In Vitro Biomechanics of Tissue Engineered Tendon Constructs." In ASME 2007 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2007-176386.

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Tissue engineering offers an attractive alternative to direct repair or reconstruction of injuries to tendons, ligaments and capsular structures that represent almost 45% of the 32 million musculoskeletal injuries that occur each year in the United States [1]. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-seeded collagen constructs are currently being used by our group to repair tendon injuries in the rabbit model [2, 3]. Although these cell-assisted repairs exhibit 50% greater maximum force and stiffness at 12 weeks compared to values for natural repair, tissues often lack the maximum force sufficient to resist the peak in vivo forces acting on the repair site [3]. Our laboratory has previously demonstrated that in vitro construct stiffness and repair stiffness at 12 weeks post surgery are positively correlated [4]. Therefore, in an effort to further improve the repair outcome using tissue engineering, we continue our investigation of scaffold materials to create stiffer MSC-collagen constructs. Our group has recently evaluated two scaffold materials, type I collagen sponges fabricated within the Engineered Skin Lab (ESL, Shriners Hospitals for Children) by a freezing and lyophilization process with and without glycosaminoglycan (chondroitin-6-sulfate; GAG) [5] and found the ESL sponges to significantly improve biomechanical properties of the constructs compared to sponges we currently use in the lab (P1076, Kensey Nash Corporation, Exton, PA). This study also demonstrated that GAG significantly upregulates collagen type I, decorin, and fibronectin gene expression (unpublished results).
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9

Zhang, Jiangyue, Narayan Yoganandan, Frank A. Pintar, Yabo Guan, and Thomas A. Gennarelli. "Experimental Study on Non-Exit Ballistic Induced Traumatic Brain Injury." In ASME 2007 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2007-176407.

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Ballistic-induced traumatic brain injury remains the most severe type of injury with the highest rate of fatality. Yet, its injury biomechanics remains the least understood. Ballistic injury biomechanics studies have been mostly focused on the trunk and extremities using large gelatin blocks with unconstrained boundaries [1, 2]. Results from these investigations are not directly applicable to brain injuries studies because the human head is smaller and the soft brain is enclosed in a relatively rigid cranium. Thali et al. developed a “skin-skull-brain” model to reproduce gunshot wounds to the head for forensic purposes [3]. These studies focused on wound morphology to the skull rather than brain injury. Watkins et al. used human dry skulls filled with gelatin and investigated temporary cavities and pressure change [4]. However, the frame rate of the cine X-ray was too slow to describe the cavity dynamics, and pressures were only quantified at the center of skull. In addition, the ordnance gelatin used in these studies is not the most suitable simulant to model brain material because of differences in dynamic moduli [5]. Sylgard gel (Dow Corning Co., Midland, MI) demonstrates similar behavior as the brain and has been used as a brain surrogate to determine brain deformations under blunt impact loading [6, 7]. Zhang et al. used the simulant for ballistic brain injury and investigated the correlation between temporary cavity pulsation and pressure change [8, 9]. However, the skulls used in these models were not as rigid as the human cranium. The presence of a stronger cranial bone may significantly decrease the projectile velocity and change the kinematics of cavity and pressure distribution in the cranium. In addition, projectiles perforated through the models in these studies. Patients with through-and-through perforating gunshot wounds to the head have a greater fatality rate than patients with non-exit penetrating wounds [10]. Therefore, it is more clinically relevant to investigate non-exit ballistic traumatic brain injuries. Consequently, the current study is designed to investigate the brain injury biomechanics from non-exit penetrating projectile using an appropriately sized and shaped physical head model.
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Yoganandan, Narayan, Frank A. Pintar, Joseph F. Cusick, and James P. Hollowell. "Human Head-Neck Kinetics Under Whiplash Loading." In ASME 1999 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1999-0488.

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Abstract The objective of the study was to determine the biomechanics of the human head-neck complex secondary to whiplash loading. Intact human cadaver head-neck complexes were prepared by maintaining the integrity of the skin and musculature around the ligamentous column. Retroreflective targets were inserted into the bony articulations of the cervical spine at all levels. The specimens were rigidly fixed to a six-axis load cell at the distal end. Instrumentation consisted of triaxial angular velocity sensors and accelerometers on the cranium. A linear accelerometer was attached to the distal end of the preparation. The specimens were subjected to dynamic loading at speeds ranging from 1.6 to 4.2 m/s. They were placed on the slider of the mini-sled pendulum which applied the whiplash loading pulse from the posterior to the anterior direction. The input pulse was measured in terms of acceleration-time histories. Principles of continuous motion analysis were used to determine the kinematics of the head-neck complex as a function of time. The specimens were radiographed pre- and post-test. Results indicated that the structure undergoes continuous change in the head-neck curvature. Initially, the cranium lags the cervical spine resulting in a reverse curvature, the upper cervical spine undergoes flexion with a concomitant extension of the lower cervical spine, and finally, the head catches-up with the lower cervical spine resulting in a single curvature. Increasing velocities/accelerations produced nonlinear increases in extension moment, axial and shear forces, and head-neck kinematics. These strength and kinematic information add to our knowledge of the understanding of the biomechanics of the human head-neck under whiplash.
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Reports on the topic "Skin biomechanics"

1

Brooks, Peter. UV-Induced Triggering of a Biomechanical Initiation Switch Within Collagen Promotes Development of a Melanoma-Permissive Microenvironment in the Skin. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada568969.

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2

Brooks, Peter. UV-Induced Triggering of a Biomechanical Initiation Switch Within Collagen Promotes Development of a Melanoma-Permissive Microenvironment in the Skin. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada555980.

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