Journal articles on the topic 'Skillmax (Program : N.S.W.)'

Analisa kestabilan lereng di lokasi tambang batubara tanah laut Kalimantan Selatan telah dilakukan analisis tegangan-perpindahan dan Faktor Keamanan (SF) dengan menggunakan program Plaxis-2D. Pada permukaan lereng komponen gravitasi yang bekerja pada tanah cenderung akan menggerakkan tanah ke bawah. Komponen gravitasi ini disebut sebagai gaya penggerak tanah. Lereng mempunyai perkuatan alami yang berasal dari komponen material tanah itu sendiri untuk melawan gaya penggerak tanah, sehingga gerakkan tanah atau kelongsoran tidak terjadi. Ada banyak metode analisis yang bisa digunakan dalam menganilisis kestabilan lereng, salah satunya adalah dengan menggunakan Metode Elemen Hingga (Finite Element Method). Permasalahan kestabilan lereng diselesaikan dengan Metoda Elemen Hingga dengan menggunakan program Plaxis 2D, dimana data analisis diperoleh dari hasil penelitian terdahulu. Data analisis merupakan kombinasi dari berbagai data analisis yaitu jenis tanah dan kemiringan lereng. Hasil analisis terdahulu dengan menggunakan program Slope-W untuk Potongan East (S-W Section), Potongan West (S-W Section), Potongan East HW (N-S Section), Potongan East LW (N-S Section) diperoleh model keruntuhan (collapse) dengan angka keamanan SF < 1.0 dan dibandingkan dengan Analisis dengan menggunakan Plaxis-2D, dimana nilai angka keamanan SF < 1 tidak bisa ditentukan. Berdasarkan analisa Slope-W diperoleh nilai SF < 1.0 (0.114) dan analisis Plaxis diperoleh nilai SF < 1 terjadi pada Potongan East (S-W Section), hal ini menunjukan bahwa Analisa dengan program Slope-W dan program Plaxis 2D mempunyai hasil yang sama dalam menentukan kemungkinan akan terjadi keruntuhan.

Powder-EPR studies at T = 295 K and T = 12 K on the unstable gold(II) complex [(n- C4H9)4N]2[AuII(mnt)2] diamagnetically diluted by the corresponding NiIIcomplex are reported. Due to (i) the small anisotropy of the g and the 197Au hyperfine tensor AAu, and (ii) the large 197Au quadrupole interaction the powder spectra possess a very complex pattern. Using different EPR frequencies - S band (2.4 GHz), X band (9.5 GHz), Q band (35 GHz) and W band (94 GHz) - the spectra could be analyzed successfully. All spectra were simulated with a computer program which diagonalizes the spin-Hamiltonian matrix exactly.

Background: Benefits of sprint interval training performed in hypoxia (SIH) compared to normoxia (SIN) have been assessed by studies mostly conducted around 3000 m of simulated altitude. The present study aims to determine whether SIH at an altitude as high as 4000 m can elicit greater adaptations than the same training at 2000 m, 3000 m or sea-level. Methods: Thirty well-trained endurance male athletes (18–35 years old) participated in a six-week repeated sprint interval training program (30 s all-out sprint, 4 min 30 s recovery; 4–9 repetitions, 2 sessions/week) at sea-level (SL, n = 8), 2000 m (FiO2 16.7%, n = 8), 3000 m (FiO2 14.5%, n = 7) or 4000 m (FiO2 13.0%, n = 7). Aerobic and anaerobic exercise components were evaluated by an incremental exercise test, a 600 kJ time trial and a Wingate test before and after the training program. Results: After training, peak power output (PPO) during the incremental exercise test increased (~6%) without differences between groups. The lactate threshold assessed by Dmax increased at 2000 m (+14 ± 12 W) and 4000 m (+12 ± 11 W) but did not change at SL and 3000 m. Mean power during the Wingate test increased at SL, 2000 m and 4000 m, although peak power increased only at 4000 m (+38 ± 38 W). Conclusions: The present study indicates that SIH using 30 s sprints is as efficient as SIN for improving aerobic and anaerobic qualities. Additional benefits such as lactate-related adaptations were found only in SIH and Wingate peak power only increased at 4000 m. This finding is of particular interest for disciplines requiring high power output, such as in very explosive sports.

This study compared the response of a 9-week cycling training on ventilatory efficiency under two conditions: (i) Combined with respiratory muscle training (RMT) using a new nasal restriction device (FeelBreathe) (FB group) and (ii) without RMT (Control group). Eighteen healthy elite cyclists were randomly separated into the FB group (n = 10) or Control group (n = 8). Gas exchange was measured breath by breath to measure ventilatory efficiency during an incremental test on a cycloergometer before (Pre) and after (Post) the nine weeks of training. The FB group showed higher peak power (Δ (95%HDI) (0.82 W/kg (0.49, 1.17)), VO2max (5.27 mL/kg/min (0.69, 10.83)) and VT1 (29.3 W (1.8, 56.7)) compared to Control at PostFINAL. The FB group showed lower values from Pre to PostPRE in minute ventilation (VE) (−21.0 L/min (−29.7, −11.5)), Breathing frequency (BF) (−5.1 breaths/min (−9.4, −0.9)), carbon dioxide output (VCO2) (−0.5 L/min (−0.7, −0.2)), respiratory equivalents for oxygen (EqO2) (−0.8 L/min (−2.4, 0.8)), heart rate (HR) (−5.9 beats/min (−9.2, −2.5)), respiratory exchange ratio (RER) (−0.1 (−0.1, −0.0) and a higher value in inspiratory time (Tin) (0.05 s (0.00, 0.10)), expiratory time (Tex) (0.11 s (0.05, 0.17)) and end-tidal partial pressure of CO2 (PETCO2) (0.3 mmHg (0.1, 0.6)). In conclusion, RMT using FB seems to be a new and easy alternative ergogenic tool which can be used at the same time as day-to-day training for performance enhancement.

Karyotypes were analyzed on 24 diploid taxa (mostly perennials) belonging to eight Triticeae genera, which are defined by genome content (basic set of seven chromosomes): (i) Agropyron (P genome), (ii) Thinopyrum (J genome), (iii) Secale (R genome), (iv) Hordeum (i genome), (v) Pseudoroegneria (S genome), (vi) Psathyrostachys (N genome), (vii) Australopyrum (W genome), and (viii) Critesion (H genome). In addition to traditional karyotype preparations, the metaphase root-tip chromosomes were analyzed by an interactive microcomputer program that printed an idiogram in which chromosomes were arranged by length. Genomes, arranged by decreasing length, are R, I, P, N, J, S, H, and W (with lengths ranging from 61.29 to 39.39 μm). Almost without exception, karyotypes of species within a genus manifest a pattern that is unique to the genome. Morphologically unique genomes are useful diagnostic features in genome identification and can complement interpretation of chromosome pairing in genome analysis.Key words: Triticeae, diploid, karyotype, genome relationship.

Context The ability to generate, absorb, and transmit forces through the proximal segments of the pelvis, spine, and trunk has been proposed to influence sport performance, yet traditional training techniques targeting the proximal segments have had limited success improving sport-specific performance. Objective To investigate the effects of a traditional endurance-training program and a sport-specific power-training program targeting the muscles that support the proximal segments and throwing velocity. Design Randomized controlled clinical trial. Setting University research laboratory and gymnasium. Patients or Other Participants A total of 46 (age = 20 ± 1.3 years, height = 175.7 ± 8.7 cm) healthy National Collegiate Athletic Association Division III female softball (n = 17) and male baseball (n = 29) players. Intervention(s) Blocked stratification for sex and position was used to randomly assign participants to 1 of 2 training groups for 7 weeks: a traditional endurance-training group (ET group; n = 21) or a power-stability–training group (PS group; n = 25). Mean Outcome Measure(s) The change score in peak throwing velocity (km/h) normalized for body weight (BW; kilograms) and change score in tests that challenge the muscles of the proximal segments normalized for BW (kilograms). We used 2-tailed independent-samples t tests to compare differences between the change scores. Results The peak throwing velocity (ET group = 0.01 ± 0.1 km/h/kg of BW, PS group = 0.08 ± 0.03 km/h/kg of BW; P &lt; .001) and muscle power outputs for the chop (ET group = 0.22 ± 0.91 W/kg of BW, PS group = 1.3 ± 0.91 W/kg of BW; P &lt; .001) and lift (ET group = 0.59 ± 0.67 W/kg of BW, PS group = 1.4 ± 0.87 W/kg of BW; P &lt; .001) tests were higher at postintervention in the PT than in the ET group. Conclusions An improvement in throwing velocity occurred simultaneously with measures of muscular endurance and power after a sport-specific training regimen targeting the proximal segments.

209 Background: The WICaRE Program is a part of the cross sectional Patterns of Care Study–Breast and Prostate (PoC-BP) that sought to evaluate the patterns of BC care in the state WI and to identify areas for potential improvement in data collection and factors associated with variation in care. This study was to examine the geographic disparities in SM and the use of RT in female BC patients diagnosed in WI in 2004. Methods: The Wisconsin Cancer Reporting System (WCRS) receives reports from 130+ facilities. Information of patient (disease status, sociodemographic, treatment, county of residence) was obtained from cancer registries and supplemental data was reabstracted from medical charts across 66 counties. Geographic regions were counties grouped by WI Dept. of Health Services (DHS) as Northeastern (NE), Northern (N), Southeastern (SE), Southern (S), Western (W). Results: A total of 1037 cases were reported. 25% age 20-49, 49% age 50-69, and 28% age 70+; Caucasian had 82%, black 10% and others 8%. 34% had T1 stage, 9% T2, 4% T3+, and 53% TX-T0/unknown stage. 46% had reported mild comorbidity, 9% had moderate or severe comorbidity. Majority (73%) lived in the Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA). 29% patients from NE region, 10% from N, 36% SE, 17% S and 8% W. Patients in the S and W had significantly lower % who received RT (46 and 48% respectively) than those in NE (61%), N (62%) and SE (63%), p=0.01; % mastectomy (MA) by regions were 43% (NE), 42% (N), 33% (SE), 47% (S) and 35% (W), p=0.009. Multivariate models adjusting for disease status, comorbidity, and sociodemographic factors showed that patients in MSA region were more likely to have RT compared to those in non-MSA (odds ratio, OR=1.66, 95%CI=1.14-2.40), but those in S were less likely than those in SE (OR=0.59, 95%CI=0.38-0.91). Patients in MSA had a decreased likelihood of undergoing mastectomy. NE (OR=1.6, 95%CI=1.08-2.29) and S (OR= 2.04, 95%CI=1.31-3.17) had significantly higher odds of having MA than those in SE. Conclusions: This study showed evidence of geographic disparity in medical care for BC patients in Wisconsin. Identifying factors mediating this disparity will help in developing appropriate treatment options and improving outcomes.

Abstract Background The SENTRY Antimicrobial Surveillance Program monitored the etiology of bloodstream infections (BSI) and other infections worldwide since 1997. We evaluated the results for BSI in the United States (US) and Europe (EU). Methods Organisms were consecutively collected (1/patient) from 79 medical centers located in the US (n=12,748; 35 centers), western EU (W-EU; n=12,198; 29 centers from 10 nations: Belgium, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom), and eastern EU (E-EU; n=3,297; 15 centers from 12 nations: Belarus, Croatia, Czech Republic, Greece, Hungary, Israel, Poland, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, and Turkey). Organisms were susceptibility tested by reference broth microdilution methods in a central laboratory. Results The most common organism found was S. aureus in the US and E. coli in W-EU and E-EU (Table). E. coli, S. aureus, and K. pneumoniae represented the top 3 organisms in all 3 regions and accounted for 53.9–54.8% of the collection. Gram-negative bacilli (GNB) represented 48.8% of organisms in the US, 59.8% in W-EU, and 65.6% in E-EU. MRSA rates were higher in US (41.6%) compared to W-EU (24.4%) and E-EU (24.6%). In contrast, susceptibility to ceftriaxone and levofloxacin among E. coli were lower in E-EU (66.4% and 55.8%, respectively) compared to W-EU (83.3% and 73.5%, respectively) and the US (83.0% and 65.8%, respectively). Among K. pneumoniae, susceptibility to ceftriaxone and meropenem were 86.6% and 98.7% in US, 64.3% and 84.7% in W-EU, and 30.2% and 72.5% in E-EU, respectively. CRE rates were lower in US (0.5%) compared to W-EU (2.8%) and very high in E-EU (10.4%). P. aeruginosa susceptibility to piperacillin-tazobactam and meropenem were 84.8% and 83.7% in US, 81.4% and 82.3% in W-EU, and 64.6% and 57.6% in E-EU, respectively. Vancomycin-nonsusceptibility (VRE) rates in the US, W-EU, E-EU were 3.2%, 0.9%, and 2.7% among E. faecalis, and 64.6%, 18.2%, and 30.6% among E. faecium, respectively. Table 1 Conclusion The frequency of GNB was lower in the US compared to W-EU and E-EU. Antimicrobial resistance rates among Gram-positive cocci were higher in the US compared to W-EU and E-EU; whereas, among GNB, resistance rates generally were higher in E-EU compared to W-EU and the US. Disclosures Helio S. Sader, MD, PhD, A. Menarini Industrie Farmaceutiche Riunite S.R.L. (Research Grant or Support)Allergan (Research Grant or Support)Allergan (Research Grant or Support)Allergan (Research Grant or Support)Cipla Ltd. (Research Grant or Support)Cipla Ltd. (Research Grant or Support)Melinta (Research Grant or Support)Merck (Research Grant or Support)Merck (Research Grant or Support)Paratek Pharma, LLC (Research Grant or Support)Pfizer (Research Grant or Support) Mariana Castanheira, PhD, 1928 Diagnostics (Research Grant or Support)A. Menarini Industrie Farmaceutiche Riunite S.R.L. (Research Grant or Support)Allergan (Research Grant or Support)Allergan (Research Grant or Support)Amplyx Pharmaceuticals (Research Grant or Support)Cidara Therapeutics (Research Grant or Support)Cidara Therapeutics (Research Grant or Support)Cipla Ltd. (Research Grant or Support)Cipla Ltd. (Research Grant or Support)Fox Chase Chemical Diversity Center (Research Grant or Support)GlaxoSmithKline (Research Grant or Support)Melinta Therapeutics, Inc. (Research Grant or Support)Melinta Therapeutics, Inc. (Research Grant or Support)Melinta Therapeutics, Inc. (Research Grant or Support)Merck (Research Grant or Support)Merck (Research Grant or Support)Merck & Co, Inc. (Research Grant or Support)Merck & Co, Inc. (Research Grant or Support)Paratek Pharma, LLC (Research Grant or Support)Pfizer (Research Grant or Support)Qpex Biopharma (Research Grant or Support) Cecilia G. Carvalhaes, MD, PhD, A. Menarini Industrie Farmaceutiche Riunite S.R.L. (Research Grant or Support)Allergan (Research Grant or Support)Cidara Therapeutics (Research Grant or Support)Cipla Ltd. (Research Grant or Support)Fox Chase Chemical Diversity Center (Research Grant or Support)Melinta Therapeutics, Inc. (Research Grant or Support)Merck (Research Grant or Support)Merck (Research Grant or Support)Merck & Co, Inc. (Research Grant or Support)Pfizer (Research Grant or Support) Rodrigo E. Mendes, PhD, A. Menarini Industrie Farmaceutiche Riunite S.R.L. (Research Grant or Support)Allergan (Research Grant or Support)Allergan (Research Grant or Support)Basilea Pharmaceutica International, Ltd (Research Grant or Support)Cipla Ltd. (Research Grant or Support)Department of Health and Human Services (Research Grant or Support)GlaxoSmithKline (Research Grant or Support)Melinta Therapeutics, Inc. (Research Grant or Support)Merck (Research Grant or Support)Merck (Research Grant or Support)Pfizer (Research Grant or Support)

Introduction: electrocardiogram (ECG) indices as a valuable tool for the diagnosis depolarization and repolarization of the myocardium are affected by aerobic exercise and detraining. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of 12-week moderate-intensity aerobic exercise and 5 months detraining on electrocardiogram (ECG) indices in post-menopausal women. Methods: Twenty-four post-menopausal women aged 50-70 years were randomly assigned to Exercise (E, n=12) and Control (C, n=12) groups. E group performed of 12 weeks moderate-intensity aerobic exercise program (W-WJMIAEP-R), and then 5 months detraining remained, but the C group participated in no intervention during 8-month. The ECG indices were measured at baseline, after 12-week exercise, and after 5-month detraining. Results: After 12-week in between-groups, ECG indices were not significantly different (P>0.05), except P-R interval (P≤0.05). After 5-month detraining in between-groups were not a significant difference for dependent variables (P>0.05), except P-R segment and S-T interval (P≤0.05). Conclusion: The Results suggest that 12 weeks of W-WJMIAEP-R increases P-R interval in sedentary post-menopausal women that is likely to be effective in preventing heart arrhythmias. The P-R segment and S-T interval decreased significantly after 5 months detraining period that 12 weeks W-WJMIAEP-R induced-ECG positive adaptations such as decrease P-R segment and S-T interval are maintained even after 5-month detraining and consequently prevents the increase in atrial aging process in postmenopausal women.

The achievement of children's quality of life is undoubtedly linked to the development of positive habits that will continue to be practiced in future lives. This can be done by developing awareness and behavior of a balanced clean and healthy lifestyle. The purpose of this study was to determine the increase in the PHBS ability of children. Various efforts have been made so that children with intellectual disabilities can maintain their cleanliness. The efforts made by the teacher are still not maximal so that the delivery of information about PHBS must be completed by another method, namely demonstration. This research was conducted at SDLB 127710 Pematangsiantar5 with an action research method that refers to the Kurt Lewin model. Data collection techniques used purposive sampling and data analysis with the Wilcoxon test. The results showed an increase in understanding of the PHBS of children with intellectual disabilities able to learn SDLB 127710 Pematangsiantar through the demonstration method. This is evidenced by the increase in the score, where the initial assessment was obtained (59%), while in the first cycle, the average score was good (69.9%). In short, the understanding of children with intellectual disabilities being able to learn about PHBS is increased by using the demonstration method. Keywords: Intellectual Disability Children, PHBS program, Demonstration methods References Agarwal, R. (2017). Importancia de la atención primaria de salud en la sociedad. International Journal of Health Sciences, 1(1), 5–9. Aiello, A. E., Coulborn, R. M., Perez, V., & Larson, E. L. (2008). Effect of hand hygiene on infectious disease risk in the community setting: A meta-analysis. American Journal of Public Health, 98(8), 1372–1381. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2007.124610 Arip, M. pdfo., & Emilyani, D. 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Knowledge about clean and healthy life in children needs to be given early to shape behavior in everyday life. Knowledge about healthy living can be provided at school through various learning programs. This study aims to find the effectiveness of health promotion programs (JUMSIH) to increase children's knowledge about clean and healthy living. The research method is a pre-experimental one-shot case study design. The respondents of this study were 68 students aged 7-8 years. The results showed that the JUMSIH program can help children have knowledge about healthy living. Based on data analysis, n = 15 generally obtained scores above 2.6. It was concluded that healthy living skills are often performed by students such as hand washing, bathing, and toothbrush behavior which are basic skills for children to be able to live healthy lives. Suggestions for further research which is the development of various programs to increase awareness of clean and healthy living from an early age. Keywords: Clean and healthy life Knowledge, Early Childhood, Health Promotion Program (JUMSIH) References: Akçay, N. O. (2016). Implementation of Cooperative Learning Model in Preschool. Journal of Education and Learning, 5(3), 83–93. https://doi.org/10.5539/jel.v5n3p83 Allport, B. S., Johnson, S., Aqil, A., Labrique, A. B., Nelson, T., KC, A., … Marcell, A. V. (2018). Promoting Father Involvement for Child and Family Health. Academic Pediatrics, 18(7), 746–753. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acap.2018.03.011 Bonuck, K. A., Schwartz, B., & Schechter, C. (2016). Sleep health literacy in head start families and staff: Exploratory study of knowledge, motivation, and competencies to promote healthy sleep. Sleep Health, 2(1), 19–24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sleh.2015.12.002 Considerations, P., & Framework, N. Q. (2010). Health , Hygiene and Infection Control Strategies for Policy Implementation :2010(Vic). Conti, G., Heckman, J. J., & Pinto, R. (2016). 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Metode pelembagaan perilaku hidup sehat kaitannya dengan kesehatan lingkungan dan hygiene perorangan pada keluarga di Subang Jabar. Keshavarz, N., Nutbeam, D., Rowling, L., Khavarpour, F. (2010). Schools as social complex adaptive systems: a new way to understand the challenges of introducing the health promoting schools concept. Soc. Sci. Med., (70), 1467–1474. Kobel, S., Wartha, O., Wirt, T., Dreyhaupt, J., Lämmle, C., Friedemann, E. M., … Steinacker, J. M. (2017). Design, implementation, and study protocol of a kindergarten-based health promotion intervention. BioMed Research International, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/4347675 Langford, R., Bonell, C.P., Jones, H. E. (2014). The WHO health promoting school framework for improving the health and well-being of students and their academic achievement. Cochrane Database Syst, Rev. 4, CD008958. Manning, M. L., & Lucking, R. (1991). The what, why, and how of cooperative learning. The Clearing House. 64(3), 152–156. Marlina, R. L. (2011). Analisis Manajemen Promosi Kesehatan Dalam Penerapan Perilaku Hidup Bersih dan Sehat (PHBS) Tatanan Rumah Tangga di Kota Padang Tahun 2011. Padang: Universitas Andalas. Maryunani, A. (2013). Perilaku Hidup Bersih dan Sehat. Jakarta: Trans Info Media. McClure, M., Tarr, P., Thompson, C. M., & Eckhoff, A. (2017). Defining quality in visual art education for young children: Building on the position statement of the early childhood art educators. Arts Education Policy Review, 118(3), 154–163. https://doi.org/10.1080/10632913.2016.1245167 Mcisaac, J. D., Sim, S. M., Penney, T. L., & Kirk, S. F. L. (2012). School Health Promotion Policy in Nova Scotia: A Case Study. Revue PhénEPS / PHEnex Journal, 4(2). McIsaac, J. L. D., Penney, T. L., Ata, N., Munro-Sigfridson, L., Cunningham, J., Veugelers, P. J., … Kuhle, S. (2017). Evaluation of a health promoting schools program in a school board in Nova Scotia, Canada. 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In the present work a modified version of the program FPFIT (Reasenberg and Oppenheimer, 1985) is developed, in order to improve the calculation of the fault plane solutions. The method is applied on selected earthquakes from short period waveform data in the Mygdonia basin (N. Greece) as recorded by the permanent network of the Seismological Station of Aristotle University of Thessaloniki during the period 1989-1999. The proposed modification of the FPFIT program was developed in order to minimize the derivation of multiple solutions, as well as the uncertainties in the location of Ρ and Τ axis of the determined fault plane solutions. Compared to the original version of FPFIT the modified approach takes also into account the radiation pattern of SV and SH waves. For each earthquake horizontal and vertical components of each station were used and the first arrivals of Ρ and S waves were picked. Using the maximum peak-to-peak amplitude of Ρ and S waves the ratio Pmax/(S/\/2max+SE2max)1/2 was estimated, where S/Vmax and SEmax are the maximum amplitudes of the two horizontal components (N-S, E-W) for the S waves and Pmax is the maximum amplitude of the vertical one for the P- waves. This ratio for the observed data, as well as the corresponding ratio Prad/iS/Aad+SlAad)1'2 of the synthetic data was used as a weight for the determination of the observed and theoretical P-wave polarities, respectively. The method was tested using synthetic data. A significant improvement of the results was found, compared to the original version of FPFIT. In particular, an improved approximation of the input focal mechanism is found, without multiple solutions and the best-estimated Ρ and Τ axes exhibit much smaller uncertainties. The addition of noise in the synthetic data didn't significantly change the results concerning the fault plane solutions. Finally, we have applied the modified program on a real data set of earthquakes that occurred in the Mygdonia basin.

The enthusiasm in the Tahfidz House (TH) education program especially for children shows an increasing trend in Padang, a modeling city in developing Islāmic character for children. The purpose of this study was to investigate the Tahfidz House program trends development in early childhood in Padang. This study uses qualitative methods with data collection tools, namely inter- views, direct observation, and document analysis. The results showed that: First, the Tahfidz House program attracted public interest because it offered dimensions of character formation such as in- creasing Intelligence Quotient, Emotional Quotient, and Spiritual Quotient. Second, there is a theo- logical reason in the landscape of local people to think that the Qur'an offers a blessing concept in our lives. Third, Tahfidz House existences as non-formal education has two dominant affiliations, namely pure education and based on market interests or capitalization. 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Abstract Background Education about advance directives typically is incorporated into medical school curricula and is not commonly offered in residency. Residents' experiences with advance directives are generally random, nonstandardized, and difficult to assess. In 2008, an advance directive curriculum was developed by the Scott & White/Texas A&M University System Health Science Center College of Medicine (S&W/Texas A&M) internal medicine residency program and the hospital's legal department. A pilot study examining residents' attitudes and experiences regarding advance directives was carried out at 2 medical schools. Methods In 2009, 59 internal medicine and family medicine residents (postgraduate year 2–3 [PGY-2, 3]) completed questionnaires at S&W/Texas A&M (n = 32) and The University of Texas Medical School at Houston (n = 27) during a validation study of knowledge about advance directives. The questionnaire contained Likert-response items assessing attitudes and practices surrounding advance directives. Our analysis included descriptive statistics and analysis of variance (ANOVA) to compare responses across categories. Results While 53% of residents agreed/strongly agreed they had “sufficient knowledge of advance directives, given my years of training,” 47% disagreed/strongly disagreed with that statement. Most (93%) agreed/strongly agreed that “didactic sessions on advance directives should be offered by my hospital, residency program, or medical school.” A test of responses across residency years with ANOVA showed a significant difference between ratings by PGY-2 and PGY-3 residents on 3 items: “Advance directives should only be discussed with patients over 60,” “I have sufficient knowledge of advance directives, given my years of training,” and “I believe my experience with advance directives is adequate for the situations I routinely encounter.” Conclusion Our study highlighted the continuing need for advance directive resident curricula. Medical school curricula alone do not appear to be sufficient for residents' needs in this area.

Previously, we demonstrated the role of nitric oxide (NO) in transforming epithelial cells from a stationary to locomoting phenotype [E. Noiri, T. Peresleni, N. Srivastava, P. Weber, W. F. Bahou, N. Peunova, and M. S. Goligorsky. Am. J. Physiol. 270 ( Cell Physiol. 39): C794–C802, 1996] and its permissive function in endothelin-1-stimulated endothelial cell migration (E. Noiri, Y. Hu, W. F. Bahou, C. Keese, I. Giaever, and M. S. Goligorsky. J. Biol. Chem. 272: 1747–1753, 1997). In the present study, the role of functional NO synthase in executing the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-guided program of endothelial cell migration and angiogenesis was studied in two independent experimental settings. First, VEGF, shown to stimulate NO release from simian virus 40-immortalized microvascular endothelial cells, induced endothelial cell transwell migration, whereas N G-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME) or antisense oligonucleotides to endothelial NO synthase suppressed this effect of VEGF. Second, in a series of experiments on endothelial cell wound healing, the rate of VEGF-stimulated cell migration was significantly blunted by the inhibition of NO synthesis. To gain insight into the possible mode of NO action, we next addressed the possibility that NO modulates cell matrix adhesion by performing impedance analysis of endothelial cell monolayers subjected to NO. The data showed the presence of spontaneous fluctuations of the resistance in ostensibly stationary endothelial cells. Spontaneous oscillations were induced by NO, which also inhibited cell matrix adhesion. This process we propose to term “podokinesis” to emphasize a scalar form of micromotion that, in the presence of guidance cues, e.g., VEGF, is transformed to a vectorial movement. In conclusion, execution of the program for directional endothelial cell migration requires two coexisting messages: NO-induced podokinesis (scalar motion) and guidance cues, e.g., VEGF, which imparts a vectorial component to the movement. Such a requirement for the dual signaling may explain a mismatch in the demand and supply with newly formed vessels in different pathological states accompanied by the inhibition of NO synthase.

Eating habits develop during the first years of a child's life, children learn what, when, and how much to eat through direct experience with food and by observing the eating habits of others. The aim of this study is to get a clear picture of the Eating program Healthy, starting from the planning, implementation, supervision, and evaluation as a case study of nutrition education; to get information about the advantages, disadvantages and effects of implementing a healthy eating program for children. This research was conducted through a case study with qualitative data analysed using Miles and Huberman techniques. Sample of children in Ananda Islāmic School Kindergarten. The results showed the Healthy Eating program could be implemented well, the diet was quite varied and could be considered a healthy and nutritious food. The visible impact is the emotion of pleasure experienced by children, children become fond of eating vegetables, and make children disciplined and responsible. Inadequate results were found due to the limitations of an adequate kitchen for cooking healthy food, such as cooking activities still carried out by the cook himself at the Foundation's house which is located not far from the school place; use of melamine and plastic cutlery for food; the spoon and fork used already uses aluminium material but still does not match its size; does not involve nutritionists. Keywords: Early Childhood, Eating Healthy Program References: Bandura, A. (1977). Social learning theory. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall. Bandura, Albert. (2004). Health promotion by social cognitive means. Health Education and Behavior, 31(2), 143–164. https://doi.org/10.1177/1090198104263660 Battjes-Fries, M. C. E., Haveman-Nies, A., Renes, R. J., Meester, H. J., & Van’T Veer, P. (2015). Effect of the Dutch school-based education programme “Taste Lessons” on behavioural determinants of taste acceptance and healthy eating: A quasi-experimental study. 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Association of meal and snack patterns with micronutrient intakes among Greek children and adolescents: data from the Hellenic National Nutrition and Health Survey. Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, 32(4), 455–467. https://doi.org/10.1111/jhn.12639 Moffitt, A. (2019). Early Childhood Educators and the Development of Family Literacy Programs: A Qualitative Case Study. ProQuest Dissertations and Theses, 96. Retrieved from http://proxy.mul.missouri.edu/login?url=https://search.proquest.com/docview/2242479347 ?accountid=14576%0Ahttps://library.missouri.edu/findit?genre=dissertations+%26+theses &title=Early+Childhood+Educators+and+the+Development+of+Family+Literacy+Progra ms%3A+ Mustonen, S., & Tuorila, H. (2010). Sensory education decreases food neophobia score and encourages trying unfamiliar foods in 8-12-year-old children. Food Quality and Preference, 21(4), 353–360. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodqual.2009.09.001 Myszkowska-Ryciak, J., & Harton, A. (2019). 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Korean Journal of Community Nutrition, 17(5), 517. https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2012.17.5.517 Osera, T., Tsutie, S., & Kobayashi, M. (2016). Using Soybean Products in School Lunch for Health Education may improve Children’s Attitude and Guardians’ Knowledge in Kindergarten. Journal of Child and Adolescent Behaviour, 04(05). https://doi.org/10.4172/2375-4494.1000310 Park, B. K., & Cho, M. S. (2016). Taste education reduces food neophobia and increases willingness to try novel foods in school children. Nutrition Research and Practice, 10(2), 221–228. https://doi.org/10.4162/nrp.2016.10.2.221 Pendidikan, K., & Kebudayaan, D. A. N. Menteri Pendidikan Dan Kebudayaan Republik Indonesia Nomor 137 Tahun 2013 Tentang Standar Nasional Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini. , (2015). Prima, E., Yuliantina, I., Nurfadillah, Handayani, I., Riana, & Ganesa, R. eni. (2017). Layanan Kesehatan,Gizi dan Perawatan. Jakarta: Direktorat Pembinaan Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini Direktorat Jenderal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini dan Pendidikan Masyarakat Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan. Resor, J., Hegde, A. V., & Stage, V. C. (2020). Pre-service early childhood educators’ perceived barriers and supports to nutrition education. Journal of Early Childhood Teacher Education, 00(00), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1080/10901027.2020.1740841 Rizqie Aulianaca5804p200-169314. (2011). Gizi Seimbang Dan Makanan Sehat Untuk Anak Usia Dini. Journal of Nutrition and Food Research, 2(1), 1–12. Retrieved from http://staff.uny.ac.id/sites/default/files/pengabdian/rizqie-auliana-dra-mkes/gizi-seimbang- dan-makanan-sehat-untuk-anak-usia-dini.pdf Sandell, M., Mikkelsen, B. E., Lyytikäinen, A., Ojansivu, P., Hoppu, U., Hillgrén, A., & Lagström, H. (2016). Future for food education of children. Futures, 83, 15–23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.futures.2016.04.006 Schanzenbach, D. W., & Thorn, B. (2019). 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Abstract This study is a contribution to the planning of hydrocarbon exploration program of the Koum sedimentary basin in North Cameroon. 3D modeling of WGM2012 gravity data derived from EGM2008 geopotential model in the Koum basin was used together with existing geological and spectral analysis information to give structural picture of the basin. The 3D model of the Koum basin confirms that the basin is developed as a half graben bounded by sub-vertical faults. The thickness of the Cenozoic sediments is about 1.5 km in the eastern part and reaches 4.5 km in the western part of the basin. Gravity lineaments computed by multi-scale analysis revealed structural trends in the E–W, NW–SE, NE–WS and N–S directions. The faults in the sedimentary terrain reach 6 km depth and have a predominant NW–SE trend with E–W trending faults along the contact between the sedimentary section and the basement complex in the northern edge.

In this paper, texts were experimentally transmitted by pulse width modulation (PWM) using an underwater wireless optical communication system (UWOC) in a channel containing water of varying salinity as a result of changes in the concentration of sodium chloride (NaCl). Mathematical equations are used using a MATLAB program to compare theoretical and practical results at different slop angle (θ0). (NaCl) concentration was changed from (0% w/v) to (90% w/v) to achieve different salinity of water (i.e., from clear water to turbid water). A diode laser with a power of 30 mW and a wavelength of 532 nm has been employed in the transmitter. The experimental results show that the extinction coefficient or the overall attenuation C(λ) is equal to (0.083/m) in the water containing a low concentration of (NaCl) which is consistent with pure seawater. Additionally, the obtained optical power (PR) and the signal to noise ratio (S/N) decreases to (27.6) mW and (23.99) dB, respectively. Furthermore, it was found that the water had a maximum total attenuation C(λ) equal to (2.565/m) in the water containing a high concentration of (NaCl) which was compatible with turbid harbour water, as well as the received power and (S/N) decreases to (2.306) mW and (13.2) dB, respectively. The theoretical results were similar to the practical results when the slope angle of the target or detector relative to the optical transmitter was (zero).

Эндофуллерены, содержащие один или несколько атомов металла внутри углеродного каркаса (металлофуллерены), представляют большой практический интерес в связи с возможностью создания на их основе эффективных контрастирующих агентов для магнитно-резонансной томографии (МРТ), антиоксидантных и противораковых средств. Данные соединения могут быть также использованы в спинтронике для создания наноразмерных электронных устройств. В настоящей работе в рамках теории функционала плотности произведен расчет структурных, электронных и термодинамических характеристик эндофуллеренов металлов подгруппы скандия с числом инкапсулированных атомов от одного до семи в газовой фазе. Описаны стабильные структуры с симметриямиCs, C2, C3 и Ci, соответствующие позициям, занимаемым атомами металла внутри каркаса фуллерена. Установлен теоретический предел числа атомов металла, при котором структура эндофуллерена сохраняет устойчивость – шесть атомов для скандия, четыре для иттрия и три для лантана. Расчет показывает, что наиболее устойчивыми являются структуры с двумя и тремя инкапсулированными атомами. Описана зависимость между числом инкапсулированных атомов металла и характером распределения электронной плотности. Общий заряд на инкапсулированном металлическом кластере положителен для соединений Me@C60 – Me3@C60, слабо положителен для Me4@C60(отдельные атомы имеют отрицательный заряд) и отрицателен для соединений Me5C60 – Me6@C60. Описан эффект спиновой утечки для структур с основным дублетным спиновым состоянием. Для соединений с тремя и более инкапсулированными атомами данный эффект незначителен, что указывает на нецелесообразность создания контрастирующих агентов для МРТ на их основе. ЛИТЕРАТУРА 1. Kroto H. W., Heath J. R., O’Brien S. C., Curl R. F., Smalley R. E. C60: Buckminsterfullerene. Nature.1985;318(6042): 162–163. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/318162a02. Kratschmer W., Lamb L. D., Fostiropoulos K., Huffman D. R. Solid C60: a new form of carbon. 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With the increase in offshore wind farms, the demands for umbilicals and power cables have increased. The on-bottom stability of umbilicals and power cables under the combined wave and current loading is the most challenging design issue, due to their light weight and the complex fluid–cable–soil interaction. In the present study, the methodology for dynamic lateral stability analysis is first discussed; and the reliable hydrodynamic load model and cable–soil interaction model based on large experimental test data are described in detail. The requirement of the submerged weight of a cable w s to obtain on-bottom stability is investigated for three types of soil (clay, sand and rock), using the finite element program PONDUS, and the results are w s , r o c k > w s , c l a y > w s , s a n d under the same load conditions. Several different aspects related to optimization design of the on-bottom stability are explored and addressed. There is a significant benefit for the on-bottom stability analysis to consider the reduction factors, due to penetration for clay and sand soil. The on-bottom stability is very sensitive to the relative initial embedment z 0 / D for clay and sand soil, due to the small diameter of the cables, and therefore, reliable prediction of initial embedment is required. In the energy-based cable–soil interaction model, the friction coefficient μ and the development of penetration affect each other and the total effect of friction force F f and passive resistance F r is complicated. The effect of the friction coefficient μ on the on-bottom stability is different from engineering judgement based on the Coulomb friction model. The undrained shear strength of clay is an important parameter for the on-bottom stability of umbilicals and cables. The higher the undrained shear strength of the clay, the larger the lateral displacement. Meanwhile, the submerged weight of sand has a minor effect on the lateral displacement of cables. The method used in the present study significantly improves the reliability of the on-bottom stability analysis of umbilicals and power cables for offshore wind application.

Abstract: The purpose of this study is to describe the implementation of the One-Roof Junior Secondary School as an alternative to the distribution of nine-year basic education in remote areas in the cultural setting of Central Kalimantan Betang Houses. This research is a qualitative research with a multi-site study design on 3 One-Roof Junior Secondary Schools in Gunung Mas Regency. Data collection is done by methods: in-depth interviews (indepth interview), participant observation (participant observation), and study documentation (study of document). Determination of data sources is done by using purposive sampling technique. Data analysis is done through the activities of organizing data, organizing and dividing data into units that can be managed, mensiteis, looking for patterns, find what is meaningful and what is researched to be decided and reported systematically (Bogdan and Biklen, 1998). Data analysis in this research was carried out in two stages, namely: data analysis for each site (single site) and cross-site data analysis. Checking the validity of the data is done by using a degree of credibility through both source and method triangulation techniques. The results of the study found that the values of the betang house culture that underlies the implementation of the One-Roof Junior Secondary School appeared on: (1) bureaucratic structure, including: SOP, coordination and empowerment of HR; (2) resources, including: human resources, infrastructure and financing; and (3) communication, including: internal communication, with supporting elementary schools, with related agencies, and the community around the school. Keywords: One-Roof Junior Secondary School, Remote Area, Betang House Culture Abstrak: Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mendeskripsikan penyelenggaraan program SD-SMP Satu Atap sebagai alternatif pemerataan pendidikan dasar sembilan tahun pada daerah terpencil dalam latar budaya rumah betang Kalimantan Tengah. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan rancangan studi multi situs pada 3 SMPN Satu Atap di wilayah Kabupaten Gunung Mas. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan metode: wawancara mendalam (indepth interview), observasi partisipan (participant observation), dan studi dokumentasi (study of document). Penetapan sumber data dilakukan dengan teknik purposive sampling. Analisis data dilakukan melalui kegiatan mengorganisasi data, menata dan membagi data dalam unit-unit yang dapat dikelola, mensitesis, mencari pola, menemukan apa yang bermakna dan apa yang diteliti untuk diputuskan dan dilaporkan dengan sistematis (Bogdan dan Biklen, 1998). Analisis data dalam penelitian ini dilakukan dalam dua tahap, yaitu: analisis data tiap situs (situs tunggal) dan analisis data lintas situs. Pengecekan keabsahan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan derajat kepercayaan (credibility) melalui teknik triangulasi baik sumber maupun metode. Hasil penelitian menemukan bahwa nilai-nilai budaya rumah betang yang mendasari dalam penyelenggaraan SD-SMP Satu Atap muncul pada: (1) struktur birokrasi, meliputi: SOP, koordinasi dan pemberdayaan SDM; (2) sumberdaya, meliputi: SDM, sarana prasarana dan pembiayaan; dan (3) komunikasi, meliputi: komunikasi intern, dengan SD penyangga, dengan dinas terkait, dan masyarakat sekitar sekolah. Kata Kunci: SD-SMP Satu Atap, Daerah Terpencil, Budaya Rumah Betang References: Arikunto, S. (1998). Prosedur Penelitian: SuatuPendekatan Praktek. Jakarta: Rineka Cipta. Ary, D., Jacobs, L. C., & Razavieh, A.(2002). Introduction to Research in Education. Sixth Ed. Belmont, CA: Wadswort. Thomson Learning. Bogdan, R. 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The paper studies the effect of temperature fields of heating during continuous laser treatment on T15K6 carbide insert performance. A tool with T15K6 indexable carbide inserts was exposed to laser treatment by heating the working surface with continuous laser radiation using the LK 3015ls07 PM industrial laser according to the KV_OSN program along insert contours with the cutting edge distance ~2 mm. Laser exposure time was 2–3 s in nitrogen as a shielding gas. The study used samples in the form of 12,70×12,70×4,76 mm quadrangular plates (GOST 19052-80) with variable radiation power in the range of q = 300±100 W/cm2, and laser radiation moving speed within VL = 20±10 mm/s. Hardness measured in the laser-hardened zone after laser exposure was Hμ = 15500÷21500 N/mm2. The laser impingement point was tested for cutting and abrasive wear with microstructure analysis. Cutting wear along the front and back surfaces of carbide inserts after laser treatment was up to 5 times reduced. It is shown that further laser power density increase to q = 400 W/cm2 provides no positive trend. Diamond abrasive wear with an increased q value indicates wear reduction to 40 wt.%. Microstructural analysis showed a decrease in the tungsten carbide grain size from 5,6 to 4,3 μm in the continuous laser treatment area.

The Covid-19 pandemic had a dangerous impact on early-childhood education, lost learning in almost all aspects of child development. The house-to-house learning, with the name Moving Home Learning Program (MHLP), is an attractive offer as an emergency remote teaching solution. This study aims to describe the application of MHLP designed by early-childhood education institutions during the learning process at home. This study used a qualitative approach with data collection using interviews, observation, and documentation. The respondents involved in the interview were a kindergarten principal and four teachers. The research data were analyzed using the data content analysis. The Findings show that the MHLP has proven to be sufficiently in line with the learning needs of early childhood during the Covid-19 pandemic. Although, the application of the MHLP learning model has limitations such as the distance from the house that is far away, the number of meetings that are only once a week, the number of food and toy sellers passing by, disturbing children's concentration, and the risk of damage to goods at home. The implication of this research can be the basis for evaluating MHLP as an adaptive strategy that requires the attention of related parties, including policy makers, school principals, and teachers for the development of new, more effective online learning models. Keywords: Moving Home Learning Program (MHLP), Children Remote Teaching References:Abdollahi, E., Haworth-Brockman, M., Keynan, Y., Langley, M. J., & Oghadas, S. M. (2020). Simulating the effect of school closure during COVID-19 outbreaks in Ontario , Canada. BMC Medicine, 1–8. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-020-01705-8 Arends, R. I., & Kilcher, A. (2010). 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In Santa Fe, Argentina, strawberries (Fragari ×ananassa Duch.) are cultivated in the area of Coronda where N fertilization usually exceeds crop requirements. The objective of this work was to test four types of fertilization methodology to optimize fertilizer use efficiency. Experiments were carried out at the horticultural center of the Facultad de Agronomía y Veterinaria, in Esperanza, Santa Fe, 31.15° S latitude, on a typical argiudol soil. `Chandler' was planted 13 Mar. 1996. Nitrogen demand was related to the dry matter production with N content decreasing to increment of biomass (W), soil N mineralization was estimated according to the program EDAFO version 3. Using previous data, a monthly balance was calculated and four treatments were devised: control (T0) = without fertilization; treatment 1 (T1) = N fertilization covering the accumulated monthly deficit, 53 kg·ha-1 (47 lb/acre); treatment 2 (T2) = N fertilization covering the monthly deficit 66 kg·ha-1 (58 lb/acre); treatment 3 (T3) = N fertilization covering the total crop demand 117 kg·ha-1 (104 lb/acre). All N treatments significantly increased yields over the control. Yield increased to increasing N rates from 0 to 53 kg·ha-1. This response was due to an increase in fruit number but not in fruit weight. High N rates promoted runner growth without increasing fruit yield. The use N balance method for strawberry fertilization showed satisfactory results. Accumulated N balance (T1), required the least amount of N fertilizer while producing good yield, thus it should be the method adopted to reduce costs and environmental risks of N fertilization.

The purpose of this activity IbM program is to help facilitate the management of village database particular use of information technology by using Microsoft Access. Currently in the village administration is still largely in the form of written records form (manual). Through the utilization of training computer-based applications, is expected to help support the management of the village administration to become more convenient, efficient and effective. IbM activity is carried out by providing training to the village on how to use information technology for database management village. The technology used is the application of system administration using Microsoft Access, which begins with the introduction phase of Microsoft Word and Microsoft Excel as basic training, further d i re c t e d t o u s e M i c ro s o f t A c c e s s p ro g r a m m i n g l a n g u a g e w i t h a s i m p l e s t a g e . Based on the results of community service that has been implemented, the following conclusions can be drawn: 1) Community service activities by the team can be conducted properly and smoothly; 2) Training participants consisting of 6 people, 5 of them have the ability to grasp in the category of medium (83.33%) and one person has the ability to grasp in the category of low (16.67%); 3) Making village database using Ms.Access not been up and still in the early stages of introduction. This is due to the low capacity of participants' understanding of the basic concepts of training materials and the allocation of limited time.

Abstract: Implementation is one of public policy process, that is crucial because it must be well prepared for the effective purpose. In Indonesia, BOS is one of public policy. Based on the data, shows an indication of implementation BOS hasn’t been optimal in Tambak sub-district. The conception of the authors apply some theories and concepts related to the study variables from several experts including George C Edward III, Merilee S. Grindle, Daniel A. Mazmanian and Paul A. Sabatier, Van Meter and Van Horn, to explain the relationship between independent variables with dependent variable. The located research in Tambak sub-district with sample are26 elementary schools. The research method used is quantitative analysis, the data obtained by questionnaire answers were analyzed with Kendall’s Tau, Konkordansi Kendall’s W and ordinal regression. Based on the findings of this study, the variable of bureaucratic structure need to be increased. Therefore, research is needed to assess the effect of bureaucratic structure variables to effectiveness of implementation. Keywords : Effectiveness, Implementation, and BOS. Abstrak: Implementasi merupakan proses dari kebijakan publik yang bersifat krusial karena harus dipersiapkan denganbbaik agar tjuan berjalan efektif. Salah satu program kebijakan pemerintah yaitu program BOS. Berdasarkan data di lapangan, menunjukkan indikasi belum optimalnya implementasi BOS di Kecamatan Tambak. Secara konsepsi, teori yang berkaitan dengan variabelvariabel penelitian diantaranya George C. Edward III, Merilee S. Grindle, Daniel A. Mazmanian dan Paul A. Sabatier, serta Van Meter dan Van Horn guna menjelaskan hubungan a n t a r variabel. Lokasi penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Kecamatan Tambak dengan 26 sampel SD Negeri. Metode penelitian yang digunakan bersifat analisis kuantitatif, data yang diperoleh berdasarkan jawaban kuesioner dianalisis dengan kendall’s Tau, konkordansi kendall’s W serta regresi ordinal untuk mengetahui pengaruh antara variabel independen dengan variabel dependen. Berdasarkan hasil temuan penelitian ini, efektivitas implementasi BOS di Kecamatan Tambak perlu ditingkatkan. Pada variabel struktur birokrasi menunjukkan hasil yang masih berpengaruh sedang terhadap efektivitas implementasi BOS di kecamatan Tambak. Oleh karena itu, perlu penelitian lebih lanjut guna mengkaji variabel struktur birokrasi terhadap efektivitas implementasi. Kata kunci : Efektivitas, Implementasi, Dan BOS.

Abstract Understanding the change of equatorial Pacific trade winds is pivotal for understanding the global mean temperature change and the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) property change. The weakening of the Walker circulation due to anthropogenic greenhouse gas (GHG) forcing was suggested as one of the most robust phenomena in current climate models by examining zonal sea level pressure gradient over the tropical Pacific. This study explores another component of the Walker circulation change focusing on equatorial Pacific trade wind change. Model sensitivity experiments demonstrate that the direct/fast response due to GHG forcing is to increase the trade winds, especially over the equatorial central-western Pacific (ECWP) (5°S–5°N, 140°E–150°W), while the indirect/slow response associated with sea surface temperature (SST) warming weakens the trade winds. Further, analysis of the results from 19 models in phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) and the Parallel Ocean Program (POP)–Ocean Atmosphere Sea Ice Soil (OASIS)–ECHAM model (POEM) shows that the projected weakening of the trades is robust only in the equatorial eastern Pacific (EEP) ( 5°S–5°N, 150°–80°W), but highly uncertain over the ECWP with 9 out of 19 CMIP5 models producing intensified trades. The prominent and robust weakening of EEP trades is suggested to be mainly driven by a top-down mechanism: the mean vertical advection of more upper-tropospheric warming downward to generate a cyclonic circulation anomaly in the southeast tropical Pacific. In the ECWP, the large intermodel spread is primarily linked to model diversity in simulating the relative warming of the equatorial Pacific versus the tropical mean sea surface temperature. The possible root causes of the uncertainty for the trade wind change are also discussed.

The purpose was to compare changes in lean tissue mass, strength, and myof-brillar protein catabolism resulting from combining whey protein or soy protein with resistance training. Twenty-seven untrained healthy subjects (18 female, 9 male) age 18 to 35 y were randomly assigned (double blind) to supplement with whey protein (W; 1.2 g/kg body mass whey protein + 0.3 g/kg body mass sucrose power, N = 9: 6 female, 3 male), soy protein (S; 1.2 g/kg body mass soy protein + 0.3 g/kg body mass sucrose powder, N = 9: 6 female, 3 male) or placebo (P; 1.2 g/kg body mass maltodextrine + 0.3 g/kg body mass sucrose powder, N = 9: 6 female, 3 male) for 6 wk. Before and after training, measurements were taken for lean tissue mass (dual energy X-ray absorptiometry), strength (1-RM for bench press and hack squat), and an indicator of myofbrillar protein catabolism (urinary 3-methylhistidine). Results showed that protein supplementation during resistance training, independent of source, increased lean tissue mass and strength over isocaloric placebo and resistance training (P < 0.05). We conclude that young adults who supplement with protein during a structured resistance training program experience minimal beneficial effects in lean tissue mass and strength.

Abstract Background The SENTRY Antimicrobial Surveillance Program monitors the frequency of occurrence and antimicrobial susceptibility of organisms from various infection types worldwide. In this investigation, we evaluate the results for organisms isolated from patients hospitalized with bacterial pneumonia. Methods 28,918 bacterial isolates were consecutively collected (1/patient) in 2016-2019 from 121 medical centers located in the United States (US; n=17,770; 82 centers), western Europe (W-EU; n=7,966; 25 centers from 10 nations), and eastern Europe (E-EU; n=3,182; 14 centers from 11 nations). Organisms were tested for susceptibility by reference broth microdilution methods in a central laboratory. Results The rank order of organisms varied markedly among geographic regions (Table). Gram-negative bacilli (GNB) represented 69.1%, 76.3%, and 88.6% of organisms; and non-fermentative (NF) GNB represented 34.6%, 26.9%, and 51.8% of organisms in US, W-EU, and E-EU, respectively. Among NF-GNB, P. aeruginosa ranked first in W-EU and E-EU and second in the US, A. baumannii ranked third in E-EU, and S. maltophilia was among the top 8 in all 3 regions (fifth in the US). P. aeruginosa susceptibility to piperacillin-tazobactam and meropenem (MEM) were 76.1% and 74.8% in the US, 75.4% and 76.9% in W-EU, and 57.4% and 48.3% in E-EU, respectively. Only 10.4% of A. baumannii isolates from E-EU were MEM-susceptible compared to 45.8% in W-EU and 58.7% in the US. MRSA rates in the US improved from 44.8% in 2016 to 40.2% in 2019 (p&lt; 0.05). Overall MRSA rates were 21.4% in W-EU, and 28.7% in E-EU. CRE rates decreased continuously in the US from 3.0% in 2016 to 1.7% in 2019 (p &lt; 0.05; 2.4% overall) and were higher E=EU (16.6%) than W-EU (2.2%). Among K. pneumoniae, susceptibility to ceftriaxone and MEM were 80.7% and 94.9% in the US, 70.1% and 90.7% in W-EU, and 34.5% and 70.4% in E-EU, respectively. Among E. coli, susceptibility to ceftriaxone and levofloxacin were 71.4% and 55.0% in the US, 79.2% and 71.2% in W-EU, and 62.6% and 55.9% in E-EU, respectively. Table 1 Conclusion Rank order and antimicrobial susceptibility of bacteria isolated from patients with pneumonia varied widely by geographic region. Multidrug-resistant NF-GNB represented an important cause of pneumonia in US and Europe. Disclosures Helio S. Sader, MD, PhD, A. Menarini Industrie Farmaceutiche Riunite S.R.L. (Research Grant or Support)Allergan (Research Grant or Support)Allergan (Research Grant or Support)Allergan (Research Grant or Support)Cipla Ltd. (Research Grant or Support)Cipla Ltd. (Research Grant or Support)Melinta (Research Grant or Support)Merck (Research Grant or Support)Merck (Research Grant or Support)Paratek Pharma, LLC (Research Grant or Support)Pfizer (Research Grant or Support) Cecilia G. Carvalhaes, MD, PhD, A. Menarini Industrie Farmaceutiche Riunite S.R.L. (Research Grant or Support)Allergan (Research Grant or Support)Cidara Therapeutics (Research Grant or Support)Cipla Ltd. (Research Grant or Support)Fox Chase Chemical Diversity Center (Research Grant or Support)Melinta Therapeutics, Inc. (Research Grant or Support)Merck (Research Grant or Support)Merck (Research Grant or Support)Merck & Co, Inc. (Research Grant or Support)Pfizer (Research Grant or Support) Jennifer M. Streit, BS, A. Menarini Industrie Farmaceutiche Riunite S.R.L. (Research Grant or Support)A. Menarini Industrie Farmaceutiche Riunite S.R.L. (Research Grant or Support)Allergan (Research Grant or Support)Melinta Therapeutics, Inc. (Research Grant or Support)Melinta Therapeutics, Inc. (Research Grant or Support)Melinta Therapeutics, Inc. (Research Grant or Support)Merck (Research Grant or Support)Paratek Pharma, LLC (Research Grant or Support) Rodrigo E. Mendes, PhD, A. Menarini Industrie Farmaceutiche Riunite S.R.L. (Research Grant or Support)Allergan (Research Grant or Support)Allergan (Research Grant or Support)Basilea Pharmaceutica International, Ltd (Research Grant or Support)Cipla Ltd. (Research Grant or Support)Department of Health and Human Services (Research Grant or Support)GlaxoSmithKline (Research Grant or Support)Melinta Therapeutics, Inc. (Research Grant or Support)Merck (Research Grant or Support)Merck (Research Grant or Support)Pfizer (Research Grant or Support) Mariana Castanheira, PhD, 1928 Diagnostics (Research Grant or Support)A. Menarini Industrie Farmaceutiche Riunite S.R.L. (Research Grant or Support)Allergan (Research Grant or Support)Allergan (Research Grant or Support)Amplyx Pharmaceuticals (Research Grant or Support)Cidara Therapeutics (Research Grant or Support)Cidara Therapeutics (Research Grant or Support)Cipla Ltd. (Research Grant or Support)Cipla Ltd. (Research Grant or Support)Fox Chase Chemical Diversity Center (Research Grant or Support)GlaxoSmithKline (Research Grant or Support)Melinta Therapeutics, Inc. (Research Grant or Support)Melinta Therapeutics, Inc. (Research Grant or Support)Melinta Therapeutics, Inc. (Research Grant or Support)Merck (Research Grant or Support)Merck (Research Grant or Support)Merck & Co, Inc. (Research Grant or Support)Merck & Co, Inc. (Research Grant or Support)Paratek Pharma, LLC (Research Grant or Support)Pfizer (Research Grant or Support)Qpex Biopharma (Research Grant or Support)

Abstract The Institute for Nuclear Safety and Protection (IPSN) launched the « Tournemire » program, in 1988. One of its aims is to understand and characterize the fluid transfer processes in argillaceous rocks. They are interesting rocks for the long-term storage of nuclear waste. To this purpose, the IPSN installed an experimental site in a tunnel, which gives access to a 250 m-thick Toarcian and Domerian shale unit near Tournemire (Aveyron, France) (fig. 1). The fluids, in this type of rock with very low intrinsic permeability, 10−14 m/s [Boisson et al., 1998], used to flow (calcite crystallizations in fractures), and still flow, principally in the fractures [Barbreau et Boisson, 1993 ; Boisson, 1995] formed during the tectonic history of the formation. In order to constrain the history of fluid flow in the formation, it was necessary to characterize the tectonic fracturing and to identify the tectonic events responsible, on the one hand, for the apparition of the fractures and, on the other hand, for their eventual reactivation. The method used was a microtectonic and kinematic analysis. The studied area belongs to the western border of the Causses basin, a Permian-Mesozoic basin trending N-S. The slightly monoclinal series in this area range from the Trias, discordant westward on the Permian formations of the St-Affrique basin, to the lower Kimmerigian locally present on the Larzac plateau (fig. 1). The upper Liassic shales (Domerian, Toarcian) are between two limestone and dolomite formations. Two major (regional-scale) ESE-WNW reverse faults, the Cernon fault and the St-Jean-d’Alcapies fault, cross the area. Their offsets may reach several hundred meters. These two faults limit an ESE-WNW trending block where the experimental site is located. The tectonic fractures in the area result from two main tectonic phases. Phase 1, extensional, occurred during the Mesozoic and comprises three episodes (fig. 2). The first episode, characterised by an E-W extension (fig. 3), did not produce significant structures in the Toarcian shales. The second episode, with a NW-SE extension direction (fig. 4 and fig. 5), occurred during the diagenesis of the shales. It led to the development of calcareous nodules. These nodules are considered to be « mode I » fractures formed in association with fluid expulsion during the sediment compaction (fig. 4). The last episode has a N-S direction, (fig. 7) and is probably late Jurassic in age [Macquar, 1973 ; Blès et al., 1989 ; Martin et Bergerat, 1996]. It produced E-W conjugate normal faults (fig. 6) and two perpendicular sets of extensional joints trending E-W and N-S. The second major tectonic phase corresponds to the « pyrenean » compression. The σ1 directions vary from NE-SW to NW-SE, with two major pulses striking N020-N030 and N160-N170 (fig. 2, fig. 9 and fig. 10). The N020-N030 direction corresponds to the paroxysm of the « pyrenean » phase, dated as late Middle Eocene [Arthaud et Laurent., 1995]. It reactivated major faults and formed associated folds (fig. 8). Numerous fractures due to the N160-170 compressional event are concentrated principally in the center of the block bordered by the ESE-WNW major faults (fig. 2). Chronological criteria indicate that the direction of compression rotated counter-clockwise during the « pyrenean » compressional phase (fig. 11). A third compression direction (N130) has been evidenced, for example, by N030 trending tension gashes cross-cut by N130 trending gashes (fig. 12). The significance of this last tectonic event is unclear. It is mainly observed in the west drift of the experimental site (fig. 1C), and could result of the re-orientation of the stresses at this site close to an important shear zone. Three sets of joints, trending N020, N160 and N090 (fig. 13 and fig. 14) have been recognized. The joints are classically extensional fractures that propagate perpendicular to the minimum principal stress σ3 [Endelger, 1985 ; Pollard et Aydin, 1988 ; Rives, 1992]. In strike-slip regimes, such fractures strike parallel to the maximum principal stress σ1. The average N020, N160 and N090 joints thus very probably are created respectively during the N020 pyrenean strike-slip event, N160 strike-slip event and N-S Mesozoic extension. The established chronology between the different compressional episodes involves the reactivation of the N020 and N160 fractures may have caused only senestral strike slip. However, the presence of dextral strike slip on some vertical planes trending N-S, not associated with conjugate planes but with E-W vertical planes indicates their origin is not related to the « Pyrenean » phase. Consequently, we assumed that a set of N-S joints created during the extensive phase, in the same time as the E-W joints. An elasticity theory model gives an account of field observations on this type of fractures. The model proposed by Caputo [1995] describes the geometry of networks, of joints as a function of the tectonic regime (fig. 15). Two coeval sets of joints form under the same tectonic event. For an extensive stress state, the two sets are orthogonal to each other. Under strike slip regimes, two orthogonal sets form but one of the two sets forms horizontally (parallel to the bedding planes when the stratification is horizontal). The mechanism involves a stress permutation between σ3 and σ2 in the vicinity of the first fracture zone at the moment of failure. The network of orthogonal joints (N-S and E-W) appeared under the N-S extensive event. We show two sets of joints with the same orientation formed at two different ages (fig. 16). Their differentiation was possible with the chronology of the deformation, which was determined by the microtectonic analysis. The pre-existing fractures, originated before the « pyrenean » phase, necessarily influenced the expression and the distribution of the fractures associated with the « pyrenean » phase. These pre-existing fractures must be taken into account to understand and constrain the fluid circulations in the Toarcian shales.

The collection of primary data in laboratory classes enhances undergraduate practical and critical thinking skills. The present article describes the use of a lecture program, running in parallel with a series of linked practical classes, that emphasizes classical or standard concepts in exercise physiology. The academic and practical program ran under the title of a particular year II module named Sports Performance: Physiology and Assessment, and results are presented over a 3-yr period (2004–2006), based on an undergraduate population of 31 men and 34 women. The module compared laboratory-based indexes of endurance (e.g., ventilatory threshold and exercise economy) and high-intensity exercise (e.g., anaerobic power), respectively, with measures of human performance (based on 20-m shuttle run tests). The specific experimental protocols reinforced the lecture content to improve student understanding of the physiological and metabolic responses (and later adaptations) to exercise. In the present study, the strongest relationship with endurance performance was the treadmill velocity at maximal aerobic power ( r = +0.88, P < 0.01, n = 51); in contrast, the strongest relationship with high-intensity exercise performance was the mean power output (in W/kg) measured during a 30-s all-out cycle ergometer sprint ( r = +0.80, P < 0.01, n = 48). In class student data analysis improved undergraduate indepth or critical thinking during seminars and enhanced computer and data presentation skills. The endurance-based laboratories are particularly useful for examining the underlying scientific principles that determine aerobic performance but could equally well be adapted to investigate other topics, e.g., differences in the exercise response between men and women.

Abstract. High resolution hydrographic observations of temperature and salinity were used to analyze the formation and distribution of isothermal (ZT), mixed (ZM) and barrier layers (BL) in a section of the southwestern Atlantic (0°30' N–14°00' S; 31°24'–41°48' W), adjacent to the northeastern Brazilian coast. Analyzed data consisted of 279 CTD casts acquired during two cruises under the Brazilian REVIZEE Program, one in late austral winter (August–October 1995) and another in austral summer (January–April 1997). Results indicated that the intrusion of subtropical Salinity Maximum Waters (SMW) brought by the South Equatorial Current (SEC) from the subtropical region into the western tropical Atlantic boundary is the major process contributing to the seasonal BL formation. During late austral winter, BL 5–90 m thickness (BLT) (median=15 m) was observed, but BLT>30 m was restricted to latitudes higher than 8° S as a result of a combination of deep isothermal layers (ZT≥90 m) and shallow mixed layers, where the latter was created by the intrusion of salty waters between 8–12.3° S. During austral summer, shallow isothermal and mixed layers prevailed and the BL formation was clearly driven by establishing a salt-induced pycnocline inside an isothermal layer. Observed BLT was less variable (5–70 m) and thicker (median=35 m). BLT≥30 m was observed not only in the southernmost part of the study area, as verified during late winter, but in the latitude range 2° S–14° S, where near surface salty waters were transported westward by the SEC flow.

Abstract. High-resolution hydrographic observations of temperature and salinity are used to analyze the formation and distribution of isothermal depth (ZT), mixed depth (ZM) and barrier layer thickness (BLT) in a section of the southwestern Atlantic (0°30´ N–14°00´ S; 31°24´–41°48´ W), adjacent to the northeastern Brazilian coast. Analyzed data consists of 279 CTD casts acquired during two cruises under the Brazilian REVIZEE Program. One occurred in late austral winter (August–October 1995) and another in austral summer (January–April 1997). Oceanic observations are compared to numerical modeling results obtained from the French Mercator-Coriolis Program. Results indicate that the intrusion of subtropical Salinity Maximum Waters (SMW) is the major process contributing to the seasonal barrier layer formation. These waters are brought by the South Equatorial Current (SEC), from the subtropical region, into the western tropical Atlantic boundary. During late austral winter southeastern trade winds are more intense and ITCZ precipitations induce lower surface salinity values near the equator. During this period a 5–90 m thick BLT (median = 15 m) is observed and BLT > 30 m is restricted to latitudes higher than 8° S, where the intrusion of salty waters between 8°–12.3° S creates shallow mixed layers over deep (ZT ≥ 90 m) isothermal layers. During austral summer, shallow isothermal and mixed layers prevail, when northeasterly winds are predominant and evaporation overcomes precipitation, causing saltier waters at the surface/subsurface layers. During that period observed BLT varies from 5 to 70 m and presents thicker median value of 35 m, when comparing to the winter. Furthermore, BLT ≥ 30 m is observed not only in the southernmost part of the study area, as verified during late winter, but in the latitude range 2°–14° S, where near-surface salty waters are transported westward by the SEC flow. These results indicate that the inclusion of salinity dynamics and its variability are necessary for studying mixed and barrier layer behaviors in the tropical Atlantic, where ocean-atmosphere coupling is known to be stronger.

The prevalence of ADHD children increases every year. Some researchers have shown that psychosocial behavior therapy (antecedents-consequences modification) was effective to decrease hyperactivity and increase attention to ADHD children. This study aims to find out the effectiveness of antecedents-consequences modification by parents and teachers to decrease hyperactivity and increase attention to a 6 years old boy with ADHD. The study was a single case experimental design. Psychosocial behavior therapy has been used with antecedents-consequences modification. The antecedents-consequences modification was applied by teacher at school and parents at home. Data were analyzed using Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test. Results showed that there’s a significant decrease of hyperactivity behavior and significant increase of doing his assignment both at school and also at home. Not only about the content of behavior therapy itself, but how to give the therapy is important. 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Prospective follow-up of girls with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder into early adulthood: Continuing impairment includes elevated risk for suicide attempts and self-injury. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology,80(6), 1041–1051. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0029451 Jackson, N. A. (2003). A Survey of Music Therapy Methods and Their Role in the Treatment of Early Elementary School Children with ADHD. Journal of Music Therapy, 40(4), 302–323. https://doi.org/10.1093/jmt/40.4.302 Johnston, Charlotte; Mash, E. J. (2001). Families of Children With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder : Review and Recommendations for Future Research. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 4(3), 183–207. Jr, W. E. P., Fabiano, G. A., & Pelham, W. E. (2008). Evidence-Based Psychosocial Treatments for Attention- Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder (Vol. 4416). https://doi.org/10.1080/15374410701818681 Kaiser, N. M., McBurnett, K., & Pfiffner, L. J. (2011). 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(Attention-deficit Hyperactivity Disorder). In R. A. Barkley (Ed.), E-book Pediatric เรื่องPsychiatry (Third Edit, Vol. 54, pp. 1–17). Retrieved from http://www.thaipediatrics.org/pages/Doctor/Download/48aedb8880cab8c45637abc7493ecddd:e0a186938dc3b74657fd46d32fac5fe6 Pastor, P., Reuben, C., Duran, C., & Hawkins, L. J. (2015). Association between diagnosed ADHD and selected characteristics among children aged 4-17 years: United States, 2011-2013. NCHS Data Brief, (201), 201. Patterson, G. . (1982). Coercive Family Process. Eugene: Castalia. Pfiffner, L. J ; Barkley, R. . (1990). Educational Placement and Classroom Management. In R. A. Barkley (Ed.), Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder : A Handbook for Diagnosis and Treatment. New York: Guildford Press. Pfiffner, Linda J; Barkley, R; DuPaul, G. (2006). Treatment of ADHD in school settings. In R. A. Barkley (Ed.), Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: A handbook for diagnosis and treatment (3th ed., pp. 547–589). 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(2009). Developing ADHD. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 50, 126–132. Thomas, R., Sanders, S., Doust, J., Beller, E., & Glasziou, P. (2015). Prevalence of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Pediatrics, 135(4), e994–e1001. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2014-3482 Tran, J. L. A., Sheng, R., Beaulieu, A., Villodas, M., McBurnett, K., Pfiffner, L. J., & Wilson, L. (2018). Cost-Effectiveness of a Behavioral Psychosocial Treatment Integrated Across Home and School for Pediatric ADHD-Inattentive Type. Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research, 45(5), 741–750. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10488-018-0857-y Tresco, K. E., Lefler, E. K., & Power, T. J. (2010). Psychosocial Interventions to Improve the School Performance of Students with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. Mind & Brain : The Journal of Psychiatry, 1(2), 69–74. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21152355%0Ahttp://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=PMC2998237 U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (2014). US Department of Health and Human Services. The Health and Well-Being of Children: A Portrait of States and the Nation, 2011-2012. (June), 1–109. Weiss, Gabrielle ; Hechtman, L. T. (1993). Hyperactive Children Grown Up. New York: Guildford Press.

As part of the Victorian Gas Program, new geological modelling of the Cretaceous to recent deposits in the Port Campbell Embayment and the Mussel Platform was carried out to investigate fault seal and trap integrity. Structural characterisation of the Late Cretaceous to present-day sedimentary sequence highlights cross-cutting fault trends defining potential structural traps containing Waarre Formation reservoirs. The fault trends are primarily controlled by Cretaceous-Paleogene extension and are reactivated during the Paleogene. Seismic facies in the top seal suggest an N-S environmental shift from open-marine to proximal nearshore marine. The quantification of fault membrane seals suggests that while reservoir-on-reservoir juxtapositions may enable some degree of lateral flow, efficient trapping relying on juxtaposition seal against the Belfast or Skull Creek mudstones is widespread. Fault geomechanics suggests that NW-SE and E-W faults accommodated most of the extensional strain and could have been associated with increased vertical structural permeability; however, there are no leakage indicators to support widespread vertical migration. These results do not support previous assumptions that fault seal integrity and top seal bypass represent a critical and widespread issue within the nearshore Otway Basin.

AbstractIn maximizing the profits to be obtained the company needs optimal production planning. The plan considers the resources of the company. PT XYZ is a furniture company. This research focuses on optimizing production planning on the manufacture of door products at PT. XYZ. There are several types of products issued in: D1 type door, D2 type door, D3 type door, and D4 type door. Production planning at PT. XYZ can be seen as an integer program model, which is a method related to optimizing resources to increase profits. Optimization is done by determining the amount of production for each type and each calculating existing resources. The solution search for this model is done by the Branch and Bound algorithm. Based on the calculation results using QM software for Windows, the amount corresponding to production is obtained by using Branches and Bound giving an increase of 36.5% compared to the acquisition of PT. XYZ before. Keywords: Branch and Bound Algorithms, Integer Programming,Optimization AbstrakDalam memaksimalkan keuntungan yang akan diperoleh perusahaan perlu adanya perencanaan produksi yang optimal. Perencanaan tersebut mempertimbangkan ketersediaan sumber daya pada perusahaan. PT XYZ merupakan perusahaan yang bergerak di bidang furniture. Penelitian ini fokus kepada pengoptimalan perencanaan produksi pada pembuatan produk pintu di PT.XYZ. Terdapat beberapa jenis produk yang diproduksi di antaranya: Pintu tipe D1, Pintu tipe D2, Pintu tipe D3, dan Pintu tipe D4. Perencanaan produksi di PT.XYZ ini dapat dikatakan sebagai model program integer, karena semua variabel menghendaki hasilnya berupa bilangan bulat. Program tersebut berhubungan dengan pengoptimalan ketersediaan sumber daya bertujuan untuk memaksimalkan keuntungan. Pengoptimalan yang dilakukan yaitu dengan menentukan jumlah produksi untuk masing-masing tipe serta mempertimbangkan semua ketersediaan sumber daya yang ada. Pencarian solusi untuk model ini dilakukan dengan algoritma Branch and Bound. Berdasarkan hasil perhitungan menggunakan software QM for Windows, diketahui bahwa penentuan jumlah produksi dengan menggunakan algoritma Branch and Bound memberikan peningkatan keuntungan sebesar 36.5% dibandingkan dengan keuntungan PT.XYZ sebelumnya. Kata kunci: Optimasi, program integer, algoritma Branch and BoundReferensi[1] Sofyan Assauri. Manajemen Produksi dan Operasi. Lembaga Penerbit FakultasEkonomi Universitas Indonesia. Jakarta. 2008.[2] Winston, W. L. Operations Research: Applications and Algorithms. Edisi Keempat.Canada: Brooks/Cole-Thomson Learning. 2004.[3] Akram, S. A., dan Jaya, A. I. Optimalisasi Produksi Roti dengan Menggunakan Metode Branch and Bound (Studi Kasus Pada Pabrik Roti Syariah Bakery, Jl. Maleo, Lrg.VIII No. 68 Palu). Jurnal Ilmiah Matematika dan Terapan, 13(2): 98-107. 2016.[4] Jiao, H. W., dkk. An Effective Branch and Bound Algorithm for MinimaxLinear Fractional Programming. Journal of Applied Mathematics, Volume 2014: 8. 2014.[5] Williams, H. P. The Problem with Integer Programming. Journal of Management Mathematics, 22(3): 213-230. 2011.[6] Falani, I. Penentuan Nilai Parameter Metode Exponential Smoothing dengan Algoritma Genetik dalam Meningkatkan Akurasi Forecasting. Journal of Computer Engineering System and Science, 3(1): 14–16. 2018.[7] Mehdizadeh, E., dan Jalili, S. An Algorithm Based on Theory of Constraints and Branch and Bound for Solving Integrated Product-Mix-Outsourcing Problem. Journal of Optimization in Industrial Engineering, 12(1): 167-172. 2019.[8] Taylor, B. W. Introduction to Management Science. Edisi ke-11. United States of America: Prentice-Hall International, INC. 2013[9] Puryani., dan Ristono, A. Penelitian Operasional. Yogyakarta: Graha Ilmu. 2012.[10] Yusrah N. dkk. Implementasi Algoritma Branch and Bound Dalam Penentuan Jumlah Produksi Untuk Memaksimalkan Keuntungan. Jurnal String Vol. 3 No. 1 Agustus 2018. ISSN: 2527-9661[11] Taha, H. A. Operations Research: An Introduction. Edisi ke-8. United States of America: Prentice-Hall International, INC. 2007.

The influence of family, school and peers on students' emotional social development is very important as a starting point for the design of school activities that will also improve student development in an integral way. The Star of the Week program was developed with the aim of helping students apply the knowledge, attitudes, and skills needed to socialize and understand and manage emotions. This study uses the Thiagarajan model stages, namely define, design, develop, and disseminate (4D). The results of the validity test from the experts show that this program has workable value with 91.1% material aspects, 90% emotional development aspects and 92% presentation aspects. For the practicality test results through teacher questionnaires obtained scores of 90%, and 88.67% through teacher observations of children who are in the high practical category. The results of the program effectiveness test showed a value of 89.08% on children's social-emotional development, because it showed an increase in values ​​before and after the intervention. The implication of further research is that it is hoped that various kinds of learning methods will develop aspects of child development based on cooperation and peer relationships. Keywords: Early Childhood, Peer Relationships, Star of the Week Program, Social Emotional References Acar, I. H., Hong, S. Y., & Wu, C. R. (2017). Examining the role of teacher presence and scaffolding in preschoolers’ peer interactions. European Early Childhood Education Research Journal, 25(6), 866–884. https://doi.org/10.1080/1350293X.2017.1380884 Acar, I. H., Rudasill, K. M., Molfese, V., Torquati, J., & Prokasky, A. (2015). Temperament and preschool children’s peer interactions. Early Education and Development, 26(4), 479–495. https://doi.org/10.1080/10409289.2015.1000718 Akhir, K., & Wisz, M. S. (2018). 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Districtwide Initiative to Improve Tier 1 With Evidence-Based Classroom Lessons. Professional School Counseling, 22(1b), 2156759X1983443. https://doi.org/10.1177/2156759x19834438 Moberly, D. A., Waddle, J. L., & Duff, R. E. (2014). Journal of Early Childhood Teacher Education The use of rewards and punishment in early childhood classrooms The use of rewards and punishment in early childhood classrooms. Journal of Early Childhood Teacher Education, 37–41. https://doi.org/10.1080/1090102050250410 Moore, J. E., Cooper, B. R., Domitrovich, C. E., Morgan, N. R., Cleveland, M. J., Shah, H., Jacobson, L., & Greenberg, M. T. (2015). The effects of exposure to an enhanced preschool program on the social-emotional functioning of at-risk children. Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 32, 127–138. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecresq.2015.03.004 Morris, A. S., & Williamson, A. C. (2019). Building early social and emotional relationships with infants and toddlers: Integrating research and practice. 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Language makes human communication possible. Apart from everyday applications, language can provide insights into individuals’ thinking and reasoning. Machine-based analyses of text are becoming widespread in business applications, but their utility in learning contexts are a neglected area of research. Therefore, the goal of the present work is to explore machine-assisted approaches to aid in the analysis of students’ written compositions. A method for extracting common topics from written text is applied to 78 student papers on technology and ethics. The primary tool for analysis is the Latent Dirichlet Allocation algorithm. The results suggest that this machine-based topic extraction method is effective and supports a promising prospect for enhancing classroom learning and instruction. The method may also prove beneficial in other applied applications, like those in clinical and counseling practice. References Blei, D. M., Ng, A. Y., & Jordan, M. I. (2003). Latent Dirichlet Allocation. Journal of Machine Learning Research 3, 993-1022. Bruner, J. (1990). Acts of meaning. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. Chen, K. Y. M., & Wang, Y. (2007). Latent dirichlet allocation. http://acsweb.ucsd.edu/~yuw176/ report/lda.pdf. Chung, C. K., & Pennebaker, J. W. (2008). Revealing dimensions of thinking in open-ended self-descriptions: An automated meaning extraction method for natural language. Journal of research in personality, 42(1), 96-132. Feldman, S. (1999). NLP meets the Jabberwocky: Natural language processing in information retrieval. Online Magazine, 23, 62-73. Retrieved from: http://www.onlinemag.net/OL1999/ feldmann5.html Mishlove, J. (2010). https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0XTDLq34M18 (Accessed June 12, 2018). Ostrowski, D. A. (2015). Using latent dirichlet allocation for topic modelling in twitter. In Semantic Computing (ICSC), 2015 IEEE International Conference (pp. 493-497). IEEE. Pennebaker, J. W. (2004). Theories, therapies, and taxpayers: On the complexities of the expressive writing paradigm. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 11(2), 138-142. Pennebaker, J.W., Boyd, R.L., Jordan, K., & Blackburn, K. (2015). The development and psychometric properties of LIWC 2015. Austin, TX: University of Texas at Austin. Pennebaker, J. W., Chung, C. K., Frazee, J., Lavergne, G. M., & Beaver, D. I. (2014). When small words foretell academic success: The case of college admissions essays. PLoS ONE, 9(12), e115844. Pennebaker, J. W., & King, L. A. (1999). Linguistic styles: Language use as an individual difference. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 77(6), 1296-1312. Recchia, G., Sahlgren, M., Kanerva, P., & Jones, M. N. (2015). Encoding sequential information in semantic space models: Comparing holographic reduced representation and random permutation. Computational intelligence and neuroscience, 2015, 1-18. Salzmann, Z. (2004). Language, Culture, and Society: An Introduction to Linguistic Anthropology (3rd ed). Westview Press. Schank, R. C., Goldman, N. M., Rieger III, C. J., & Riesbeck, C. (1973). MARGIE: Memory analysis response generation, and inference on English. In IJCAI, 3, 255-261. Taraban, R., Marcy, W. M., LaCour Jr., M. S., & Burgess II, R. A. (2017). Developing machine-assisted analysis of engineering students’ ethics course assignments. Proceedings of the American Society of Engineering Education (ASEE) Annual Conference, Columbus, OH. https://www.asee.org/public/conferences/78/papers/19234/view. Taraban, R., Marcy, W. M., LaCour, M. S., Pashley, D., & Keim, K. (2018). Do engineering students learn ethics from an ethics course? Proceedings of the American Society of Engineering Education – Gulf Southwest (ASEE-GSW) Annual Conference, Austin, TX. http://www.aseegsw18.com/papers.html. Taraban, R., & Marshall, P. H. (2017). Deep learning and competition in psycholinguistic research. East European Journal of Psycholinguistics, 4(2), 67-74. Weizenbaum, J. (1966). ELIZA—a computer program for the study of natural language communication between man and machine. Communications of the ACM, 9(1), 36-45. Winograd, T. (1972). Understanding natural language. New York: Academic Press.

Different radionuclides are emitted from the reactor core after the nuclear accident. These radionuclides are entered into human body through different pathways, which damage the cells. The dose consequence to the sensitive organ like lungs of human body is considered in the present study to show the dose effect for various radionuclides from a hypothetical nuclear reactor accident. The calculations were made with the in-house developed computer program “RaDARRA”. Cardinal directions like E, ENE, ESE, N, NE, NNE, NNW, NW, S, SE, SSE, SSW, SW, W, WNW and WSW are considered to observe the dose effect along the directions. For the calculations, lungs dose arising from 8 radionuclides e.g., 89Sr, 91Y, 95Zr, 95Nb, 131I, 133I, 140Ba and 144Ce have been considered. Of all these radionuclides the maximum and minimum dose contribution mainly come from 144Ce (30%) and 95Nb (4.43%). It is marked that dose is maximum along North East (NE) direction for all the distances and for all types of the radioisotopes. Methodology used in the present study can also be utilized for any type of severe accident and any type of reactor power. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjnm.v17i1.22489 Bangladesh J. Nuclear Med. 17(1): 30-37, January 2014

This study aims to determine the implementation of curriculum in learning activities of pre-school children and develop motion pattern-based learning media for pre-school children. This research was carried out in thirty kindergartens in East Jakarta. It was conducted in 4 months, from June to October 2018. This research is included in the development and evaluation research (mixed method). The scope of the research is the implementation of curriculum and the development of learning media for pre-school children by using customized tools. Data was collected by using questionnaires and analyzed by using Guttman scale and Likert scale. Percentage of the implementation of learning for pre-schoolers in Kindergarten in East Jakarta is very good. The goal dimension got 98.2%, the content dimension got 99.3%, the method dimension got 99.3% and the evaluation dimension got 98.3%. The product of this study is a learning media that is adjusted to the implementation of motion pattern-based learning activities for pre-school children. Keywords: Early childhood education curriculum, Motion Pattern-Based Learning Media, Pre-school children References Arikunto, S. (2010). Prosedur Penelitian Suatu Pendekatan Praktik. Jakarta: Asdi Mahasatya. Arikunto, S. (2014). Prosedur Penelitian. Jakarta: Rineka Cipta. Ayob, A., Badzis, M., & Nordin, A. L.Abdullah, R. (2016). Kurikulum Permata Negara. Tanjong Malim: NCDRC, UPSI. Azia, R. S. (1976). Curriculum Principles and Foundation. New York: Harper and Row Publisher. Boyle, T., & Phelps, R. (2010). Curriculum To Acknowledge Diversity. The International Journal of Learning, 17(2), 357–370. Brady, L. (1995). Curriculum development (5th ed.). Sydney: Prentice-Hall. Cholimah, N. (2012). Pengembangan Kurikulum PAUD Berdasarkan Permen 58 Tahun 2009. Criticos. (1996). Media. Amazon. George A.Beauchamp. (1981). Curriculum Theory. F.E. Peacock Publisher. Jamaris, M. (2006). Perkembangan dan Pengembangan Anak Usia Dini Taman Kanak-kanak. Jakarta: Gramedia Widiasarana. Johnson, M. (1967). Intentionality in Education. New York: Center for Curriculum Research and Services. Kawaitouw, Y. I., Widiastuti, A. A., & Kurniawan, M. (2018). Unit Studies Curriculum: Strategi Guru Dalam Implementasi Kurikulum di Jungle School Sidomukti. Jurnal Pendidikan Usia Dini, 12(November), 371–380. Kerlinger, F. N. (1990). Asas-asas Penelitian Behavioral (3th ed.). Yogyakarta: Gajah Mada University Press. Langgulung, H. (1989). Manusia dan Pendidikan: Suatu Analisa Psikologik dan Pendidikan. Jakarta: Pustaka al-Husna. MacDonald, J. B. (1965). Educational Models for Instruction. Washington DC: The Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development. Morrison, G. S. (2012). Dasar-dasar Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini. Jakarta: Indeks. Olivia, P. F. (1992). Developing the Curriculum (Third Edit). New York: Harper Collins Publishers Inc. Ornstein, A. C. (2004). Curriculum:Foundation, Principles, and Issues. Boston: Pearson Education, Inc. Ozturk, I. H. (2011). Curriculum Reform and Teacher Autonomy in Turkey: the case of the History Teaching". International Journal of Instruction, 4 (2)(2), 113–127. Prihatini, P. (2014). Kajian Ide Kurikulum 2012 PAUD dan Implikasinya dalam Pengembangan KTSP. Cakrawala: Jurnal Pendidikan Anak USia Dini. Rahelly, Y. (2018). Implementasi Kurikulum 2013 Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini di Sumatera Selatan. Jurnal Pendidikan Usia Dini, 12(November), 381–390. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.21009/JPUD.122.19 Rohmansyah, N. A. (2017). Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Problem Based Learning Terhadap Kemampuan Pemahaman Konsep Pendidikan Jasmani Pada Pembelajaran Tematik Terintegrasi Siswa Kelas IV. JURNAL PENJAKORA, 4(28–35). Saylor, J. G., & Alexander, W. M. (1981). Curriculum Planning for Better Teaching and Learning. Holt-Rinehart and Winston. Sujiono, Y. N. (2009). Konsep Dasar Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini. Jakarta: Indeks. Sukmadinata, N. S. (2000). Pengembangan Kurikulum Teori dan Praktek. Bandung: Remaja Rosdakarya. Sutapa, P. (2014). Pengembangan Model Pembelajaran Pendidikan Jasmani Berbasis Kinestetik Untuk Anak Usia Pra Sekolah. Yogyakarta. Webster. (1993). Webster’s New International Dictionary. GC Company. Widoyoko, E. P. (2012). Evaluasi Program Pembelajaran. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar. Winarno. (2011). Winarno. Metodologi dalam Penelitian Pendidikan Jasmani. Malang: Media Cakrawala Press. Winarso, W. (2017). Dasar Pengembangan Kurikulum Sekolah, (January 2015).

The age period of 0-8 years is the most important moment for every human being to develop all the developmental features supported by parents at home and teachers / tutors at the Early Childhood Education Institute (ECE). In parenting, six main aspects must be known and applied by each parent. Lack of education, nutritional knowledge, care and care, and aspects of clean-living habits in the family can have an impact on children's growth and development processes. This study aims to develop a module 6 aspects of child development for parental guidance. This study uses a research and development approach to test the effectiveness of the posttest design. Respondents in this study are parents who have children up to 5 years and early childhood educators. The findings show that from these six main aspects, it seems that parents and ECE tutors do not yet understand the ECE concept. In another perspective, there is still a lack of knowledge about these 6 main aspects which require training and parenting modules to develop the 6 aspects of child development. Keywords: Early Childhood Education, Child Development Aspect, Parenting Training Module References: Arikunto, S. (2010). Prosedur Penelitian Suatu Pendekatan Praktik. Jakarta: Asdi Mahasatya. Britto, P. R., Lye, S. J., Proulx, K., Yousafzai, A. K., Matthews, S. G., Vaivada, T., … Bhutta, Z. A. (2017). Nurturing care: promoting early childhood development. The Lancet, 389(10064), 91–102. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31390-3 Coore Desai, C., Reece, J. A., & Shakespeare-Pellington, S. (2017). The prevention of violence in childhood through parenting programmes: a global review. Psychology, Health and Medicine, 22(February), 166–186. https://doi.org/10.1080/13548506.2016.1271952 Darling-Churchill, K. E., & Lippman, L. (2016). Early childhood social and emotional development: Advancing the field of measurement. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 45, 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appdev.2016.02.002 Davis, S., Votruba-Drzal, E., & Silk, J. S. (2015). Trajectories of Internalizing Symptoms From Early Childhood to Adolescence: Associations With Temperament and Parenting. Social Development, 24(3), 501–520. https://doi.org/10.1111/sode.12105 Đorđić, V., Tubić, T., & Jakšić, D. (2016). The Relationship between Physical, Motor, and Intellectual Development of Preschool Children. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 233(May), 3–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2016.10.114 Eisenberg, N., Taylor, Z. E., Widaman, K. F., & Spinrad, T. L. (2015). Externalizing symptoms, effortful control, and intrusive parenting: A test of bidirectional longitudinal relations during early childhood. Development and Psychopathology, 27(4), 953–968. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954579415000620 Gall, M. D., Gall, J. P., & Borg, W. R. (2007). Educational Research: An Introduction (4th ed.). New York: Longman Inc. Gardner, F., Montgomery, P., & Knerr, W. (2016). Transporting Evidence-Based Parenting Programs for Child Problem Behavior (Age 3–10) Between Countries: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 45(6), 749–762. https://doi.org/10.1080/15374416.2015.1015134 Gilmer, C., Buchan, J. L., Letourneau, N., Bennett, C. T., Shanker, S. G., Fenwick, A., & Smith-Chant, B. (2016). Parent education interventions designed to support the transition to parenthood: A realist review. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 59, 118–133. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2016.03.015 Grindal, T., Bowne, J. B., Yoshikawa, H., Schindler, H. S., Duncan, G. J., Magnuson, K., & Shonkoff, J. P. (2016a). The added impact of parenting education in early childhood education programs: A meta-analysis. Children and Youth Services Review, 70, 238–249. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2016.09.018 Guyer, A. E., Jarcho, J. M., Pérez-Edgar, K., Degnan, K. A., Pine, D. S., Fox, N. A., & Nelson, E. E. (2015). Temperament and Parenting Styles in Early Childhood Differentially Influence Neural Response to Peer Evaluation in Adolescence. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 43(5), 863–874. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-015-9973-2 Jones, D. E., Feinberg, M. E., Hostetler, M. L., Roettger, M. E., Paul, I. M., & Ehrenthal, D. B. (2018). Family and Child Outcomes 2 Years After a Transition to Parenthood Intervention. Family Relations, 67(2), 270–286. https://doi.org/10.1111/fare.12309 Jürges, H., Schwarz, A., Cahan, S., & Abdeen, Z. (2019). Child mental health and cognitive development: evidence from the West Bank. Empirica, 46(3), 423–442. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10663-019-09438-5 Kalland, M., Fagerlund, Å., Von Koskull, M., & Pajulo, M. (2016). Families First: The development of a new mentalization-based group intervention for first-Time parents to promote child development and family health. Primary Health Care Research and Development, 17(1), 3–17. https://doi.org/10.1017/S146342361500016X Knauer, H. A., Ozer, E. J., Dow, W. H., & Fernald, L. C. H. (2019). Parenting quality at two developmental periods in early childhood and their association with child development. Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 47, 396–404. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecresq.2018.08.009 Kopala-Sibley, D. C., Cyr, M., Finsaas, M. C., Orawe, J., Huang, A., Tottenham, N., & Klein, D. N. (2018). Early Childhood Parenting Predicts Late Childhood Brain Functional Connectivity During Emotion Perception and Reward Processing. Child Development, 00(0), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdev.13126 Kurniah, N., Andreswari, D., & Kusumah, R. G. T. (2019). Achievement of Development on Early Childhood Based on National Education Standard. 295(ICETeP 2018), 351–354. https://doi.org/10.2991/icetep-18.2019.82 Leijten, P., Raaijmakers, M. A. J., Orobio de Castro, B., van den Ban, E., & Matthys, W. (2017). Effectiveness of the Incredible Years Parenting Program for Families with Socioeconomically Disadvantaged and Ethnic Minority Backgrounds. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 46(1), 59–73. https://doi.org/10.1080/15374416.2015.1038823 Lomanowska, A. M., Boivin, M., Hertzman, C., & Fleming, A. S. (2017). Parenting begets parenting: A neurobiological perspective on early adversity and the transmission of parenting styles across generations. Neuroscience, 342, 120–139. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.09.029 Lucassen, N., Kok, R., Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J., Van Ijzendoorn, M. H., Jaddoe, V. W. V., Hofman, A., … Tiemeier, H. (2015). Executive functions in early childhood: The role of maternal and paternal parenting practices. British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 33(4), 489–505. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjdp.12112 Molchanov, S. V. (2013). The Moral Development in Childhood. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 86, 615–620. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.08.623 Morris, A. S., & Williamson, A. C. (2019). Building early social and emotional relationships with infants and toddlers: Integrating research and practice. Building Early Social and Emotional Relationships with Infants and Toddlers: Integrating Research and Practice, 1–351. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-03110-7 Parhomenko, K. (2014). Diagnostic Methods of Socio – Emotional Competence in Children. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 146, 329–333. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.08.142 Rutherford, H. J. V., Wallace, N. S., Laurent, H. K., & Mayes, L. C. (2015). Emotion regulation in parenthood. Developmental Review, 36, 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dr.2014.12.008 Sheedy, A., & Gambrel, L. E. (2019). Coparenting Negotiation During the Transition to Parenthood: A Qualitative Study of Couples’ Experiences as New Parents. American Journal of Family Therapy, 47(2), 67–86. https://doi.org/10.1080/01926187.2019.1586593 Sitnick, S. L., Shaw, D. S., Gill, A., Dishion, T., Winter, C., Waller, R., … Wilson, M. (2015). Parenting and the Family Check-Up: Changes in Observed Parent-Child Interaction Following Early Childhood Intervention. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 44(6), 970–984. https://doi.org/10.1080/15374416.2014.940623 Sulik, M. J., Blair, C., Mills-Koonce, R., Berry, D., & Greenberg, M. (2015). Early Parenting and the Development of Externalizing Behavior Problems: Longitudinal Mediation Through Children’s Executive Function. Child Development, 86(5), 1588–1603. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdev.12386 Theise, R., Huang, K. Y., Kamboukos, D., Doctoroff, G. L., Dawson-McClure, S., Palamar, J. J., & Brotman, L. M. (2014). Moderators of Intervention Effects on Parenting Practices in a Randomized Controlled Trial in Early Childhood. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 43(3), 501–509. https://doi.org/10.1080/15374416.2013.833095 UNDP. (2018). Human Development Indices and Indicators. 2018 Statistical Update. United Nations Development Programme, 27(4), 123. Retrieved from http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/2018_human_development_statistical_update.pdf%0Ahttp://www.hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/2018_human_development_statistical_update.pdf%0Ahttp://hdr.undp.org/en/2018-update

Abstract. Powerful high-frequency (HF) radio waves can be used to efficiently modify the upper-ionospheric plasmas of the F region. The pressure gradient induced by modulated electron heating at ultralow-frequency (ULF) drives a local oscillating diamagnetic ring current source perpendicular to the ambient magnetic field, which can act as an antenna radiating ULF waves. In this paper, utilizing the HF heating model and the model of ULF wave generation and propagation, we investigate the effects of both the background ionospheric profiles at different latitudes in the daytime and nighttime ionosphere and the modulation frequency on the process of the HF modulated heating and the subsequent generation and propagation of artificial ULF waves. Firstly, based on a relation among the radiation efficiency of the ring current source, the size of the spatial distribution of the modulated electron temperature and the wavelength of ULF waves, we discuss the possibility of the effects of the background ionospheric parameters and the modulation frequency. Then the numerical simulations with both models are performed to demonstrate the prediction. Six different background parameters are used in the simulation, and they are from the International Reference Ionosphere (IRI-2012) model and the neutral atmosphere model (NRLMSISE-00), including the High Frequency Active Auroral Research Program (HAARP; 62.39° N, 145.15° W), Wuhan (30.52° N, 114.32° E) and Jicamarca (11.95° S, 76.87° W) at 02:00 and 14:00 LT. A modulation frequency sweep is also used in the simulation. Finally, by analyzing the numerical results, we come to the following conclusions: in the nighttime ionosphere, the size of the spatial distribution of the modulated electron temperature and the ground magnitude of the magnetic field of ULF wave are larger, while the propagation loss due to Joule heating is smaller compared to the daytime ionosphere; the amplitude of the electron temperature oscillation decreases with latitude in the daytime ionosphere, while it increases with latitude in the nighttime ionosphere; both the electron temperature oscillation amplitude and the ground ULF wave magnitude decreases as the modulation frequency increases; when the electron temperature oscillation is fixed as input, the radiation efficiency of the ring current source is higher in the nighttime ionosphere than in the daytime ionosphere.

AbstractNEO research is a great challenge just now - for science, for exploration and for planetary defence. Therefore NEO discoveries, astrometric follow-up, orbit computations as well as physical studies are of high interest both to science community and humankind.The KLENOT Project of the Klet Observatory, South Bohemia, Czech Republic pursued the confirmation, early follow-up, long-arc follow-up and recovery of Near Earth Objects since 2002. Tens of thousands astrometric measurements helped to make inventory of NEOs as well as to understand the NEO population. It ranked among the world most prolific professional NEO follow-up programmes during its first phase from 2002 to 2008. The fundamental improvement of the 1.06-m KLENOT Telescope was started in autumn 2008. The new computer controlled paralactic mount was built to substantially increase telescope-time efficiency, the number of observations, their accuracy and limiting magnitude.The testing observations of the KLENOT Telescope Next Generation (NG) were started in October 2011. The new more efficient CCD camera FLI ProLine 230 was installed in summer 2013. The original Klet Software Package has been continually upgraded over the past two decades of operation. Along with huge hardware changes we have decided for essential changes in software and the whole KLENOT work-flow. Using the current higher computing power available, enhancing and updating our databases and astrometry program, the core of our software package, will prove highly beneficial. Moreover, the UCAC4 as the more precise astrometric star catalog was implemented. The modernized KLENOT System was put into full operation in September 2013. This step opens new possibilities for the KLENOT Project, the long-term European Contribution to Monitoring and Cataloging Near Earth Objects.KLENOT Project Goals are confirmatory observations of newly discovered fainter NEO candidates, early follow-up of newly discovered NEOs, long-arc follow-up astrometry of NEOs in need of further data. The higher priority is given to Potentially Hazardous Asteroids (PHAs) and Virtual Impactors (VIs), recoveries of NEOs in the second opposition and also follow-up astrometry of radar or mission targets, special follow-up requests and follow-up astrometry of other unusual objects (comets, bright TNOs) including analysis of cometary features of suspected bodies, and also search for new asteroids, especially NEOs as well as other objects showing unusual motion.The KLENOT Telescope is located at the Klet Observatory, South Bohemia, Czech Republic (Central Europe), at geographical position: latitude 14° 17' 17” E, longitude 48° 51' 48”N, elevation 1068 meters above sea level, in a rather dark site in the middle of the Protected Landscape Area Blanský les. Average number of clear nights per year about 120. Our IAU/MPC code is 246KLENOT Project Advantages: •full observing time is dedicated to the KLENOT team•quick changes in an observing plan possible, even during an observing night•long-term NEO activities at Klet (since 1992)•experienced observers/measurers visually validate each moving object candidate•real-time processing of targeted objectsKLENOT Next Generation Telescope technical data (since 2013): •new computer controlled paralactic mount•1.06-m f/3 main mirror (Zeiss)•four lenses primary focus corrector•1.06-m f/2.7 optical system•CCD camera FLI ProLine PL230•chip e2v 2048 × 2048 pixels, pixel size 15 microns, Peltier cooling•FOV 37 × 37 arcminutes, image scale 1.1 arcseconds per pixel•limiting magnitude mV=21.5 mag. for 120-sec exposure timeKLENOT Project First Phase Results(2002-2008)total of 52,658 astrometric measurements of 5,867 bodies, it contains: •13,342 astrometric measurements of 1,369 NEAs (MPC,NEODys)•confirmation and astrometry of 623 NEAs from NEOCP (MPECs)•recoveries of 4 comets and 16 NEAs (including 196P/Tichý)•astrometry of 157 Virtual Impactors (CLOMON, SENTRY)•detection of cometary features of 34 bodies (IAUCs)•discovery of splitting of comet C/2004 S1 (Van Ness)•independent discovery of 4 fragments of comet 73P/S-W 3•asteroid discoveries - 750 bodies•3 NEOs - Apollo 2002 LK, Aten 2003 UT55, Apollo 2006 XR4, 1 JFA 2004 RT109The first KLENOT Project Next Generation Results (since 2011)total of 10,054 astrometric measurements of 1,298 bodies, it contains: •2,211 astrometric measurements of 263 NEAs(MPC,NEODys)•confirmation and astrometry of 143 NEAs from NEOCP (MPECs)•astrometry of 18 Virtual Impactors (CLOMON, SENTRY)•detection of cometary features of 5 bodies (IAUCs)

Self-regulation for pre-school children is very important to support children’s adjustments in all situations and conditions. The current problem is the instrument of self-regulation is more focused on regulation in learning which is not suitable for young children. This study aims to examine the validity and reliability of Preschool Self-Regulation Assessment (PSRA) in Indonesia by modifying several children self-regulation theories. The instrument was translated from English into Indonesian and it retranslated into the native language by linguists. The questions, then, were validated through a process of professional judgment and cognitive de-briefing. The study was carried out to 179 children aged 6 to 7 years old. Data were analyzed by using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). It showed that there are 5 dimensions of children's self-regulation, namely: attentional focus, behavioral control, self-motivated, self-autonomy and emotional control. The result showed that the five-dimensional model is agreed with the data and prove to measure children’s self-regulation. Cronbach’s alpha coefficient value was 0.899, indicating high scale reliability. Thus, the pre-school children’s self-regulation assessment has well psychometric for further use. Keywords: Children’s self-regulation, Confirmatory Factor Analysis, Construct validation, Pre-school self-regulation assessment, Reliability References Amanda, N. ., Antara, P. ., & Magta, M. (2016). Hubungan Pola Asuh Orangtua dengan Regulasi Diri Anak Usia 5-6 Tahun. Journal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha, 4(2), 1–11. Bentley, J. J. (2013). Parental Involvement, Parent-Child Warmth and School Engagement as Mediated by Self-Regulation. Brigham Young University. Bierman, K. L., Domitrovich, C. E., Nix, R. L., Welsh, J. A., Greenberg, M. T., Blair, C., … Gill, S. (2008). Promoting academic and social-emotional school readiness: The Head Start REDI program. Child Development, 79(6). Blair, C., & Diamond. (2008). Developing your Children Self-Regulation through Everyday Experiences. Blair, C., & Raver, C. C. (2015). School readiness and self-regulation: A developmental psychobiological approach. Annual Review of Psychology, 66, 711–731. Eisenberg, N., Hofer, C., & Vaughan, J. (2007). Effortful Control and Its Socioemotional Consequences. In J. J. Gross (Ed.), Handbook of emotion regulation (hal. 287–306). New York: Guilford Press. Eisenberg, N., Spinrad, T. L., & Eggum, N. D. (2010). Emotion-Related Self-Regulation and Its Relation to Children’s Maladjustment. Annual Reviews Clinical Psychology, 27(6), 495–525. Eisenberg, N., Valiente, C., & D.Eggum, N. (2010). Self-Regulation and School Readiness. Early Education Development., 21(5), 681–698. Goyette, P., Carrol, K., Smith-Donald, R., Metzger, M., Young, T., & Raver, C. C. (2006). Field Administration of an Emotional and Behavioral Assessment of Head Start Children:Preliminary Findings from the Preschool Self-Regulation Assessment. Grolnick, W. S., & Farkas, M. (2002). Parenting and the development of children’s self-regulation. In M. H. Bornstein (Ed.), Handbook of parenting (Vol. 5, hal. 89–110). Practical issues in parenting. Pino, D., & Whitebread, D. (2010). The Role of Parenting in Children’s Self-Regulated Learning. Educational Research Review, 5(3), 220–242. Raver, C. C., Jones, S. M., Li-Grining, C., Zhai, F., Bub, K., & Pressler, E. (2011). CSRP’s impact on low-income preschoolers’ pre-academic skills: Self-regulation and teacher-student relationships as two mediating mechanisms. Child Development, 82(1), 362–378. Rimm-Kaufman, S. E., Curby, T. W., Grimm, K. J., Nathanson, L., & Brock, L. L. (2009). The contribution of children’s self-regulation and classroom quality to children’s adaptive behaviors in the kindergarten classroom. Developmental Psychology, 45(4). Rochmah, S. N. (2017). Hubungan Konsep Diri Guru Terhadap Regulasi Diri Anak Usia Dini. Jurnal Tunas Siliwangi SPS UPI, 3(2), 160–174. Smith-Donald, R., Carroll, K., Goyette, P., Metzger, M., Young, T., & Raver, C. C. (2006). Preliminary Validity of the Preschool Self-Regulation Assessment (PSRA). Smith-Donald, R., Raver, C. C., Hayes, T., & Richardson, B. (2007). Preliminary construct and concurrent validity of the Preschool Self-regulation Assessment (PSRA) for field-based research. Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 22(2), 173–187. Tanribuyurdu, Findik, E., Yildiz, & Guler, T. (2014). Preschool Self-Regulation Assessment (PSRA): Adaptation Study for Turkey. Education and Science, 39(176), 317–328. Wang, L., Hamaker, E., & Bergeman, C. (2014). Investigating inter-individual differences in short-term intra-individual variability. Psychological Methods, 17(4), 2012. Zimmerman, B. (2002). Becoming a Self-Regulated Learner: An Overview. Theory Into Practice, 41(2), 64–70

Research suggests that child independence is more popular in countries with greater wealth and a higher percentage of the educated population. Various research implications expect children's independence and compliance to increase over time in developing countries. This study aims to describe the independence of early childhood who comes from low-income families or at low socioeconomic environment. Using quantitative descriptive, data collection techniques are carried out through a questionnaire. The study population was 30 respondents from the ECE institution who were included in the list of low-income families in 2018, using an area sampling technique. Overall, the teacher stated that all indicators of dependence on children from low-income families had reached the high category, which was 75%. The implication of further research is that aspects of independence in physical abilities, self-confidence, responsibility, discipline, sociability, sharing, and independence in terms of emotional control in early childhood can develop better in a low socio-economic environment. Keywords: Early Childhood, Independence skills, low-socioeconomic environment References [BPS] Badan Pusat Statistik. (2019). Berita resmi statistik. Bps.Go.Id. Amini, M. (2018). Parental Involvement in Improving Independence in Early Childhood. Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research (ASSEHR), 169(Icece 2017), 190–192. https://doi.org/10.2991/icece-17.2018.48 Blair, C., & Diamond, A. (2008). Biological processes in prevention and intervention: The promotion of self-regulation as a means of preventing school failure. Development and Psychopathology, 20(3), 899–911. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954579408000436 Blair, C., & Raver, C. C. (2015). School Readiness and Self-Regulation: A Developmental Psychobiological Approach. Annual Reviews Psychology, 3(66), 711–731. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-010814-015221.School Bridgett, D. J., Burt, N. M., Edwards, E. S., & Deater-deckard, K. (2015). Supplemental Material for Intergenerational Transmission of Self-Regulation: A Multidisciplinary Review and Integrative Conceptual Framework. Psychological Bulletin, 141(3), 602–654. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0038662.supp Brophy-Herb, H. E., Stansbury, K., Bocknek, E., & Horodynski, M. A. (2012). Modeling maternal emotion-related socialization behaviors in a low-income sample: Relations with toddlers’ self-regulation. Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 27(3), 352–364. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecresq.2011.11.005 Buckner, J. C., Mezzacappa, E., & Beardslee, W. R. (2009). Self-Regulation and Its Relations to Adaptive Functioning in Low Income Youths. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 79(1), 19–30. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0014796 Charilaos, Z., Anastasia, C., Artemis, G., & Dimitrios, S. (2018). The Relationship Between Performance of Neuromuscular Junction and Social Skills (Co-Operation, Interaction, Independence). European Journal of Physical Education and Sport Science, 4(12), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1455997 Cirino, P. T., Miciak, J., Gerst, E., Barnes, M. A., Vaughn, S., Child, A., Huston-Warren, E., Coelho, V., Cadima, J., Pinto, A. I., Guimarães, C., Dark-Freudeman, A., West, R. L., Eisenberg, N., Sulik, M. J., Huh, Y., Reigeluth, C. M., Kim, S., Holloway, S. D., … Cheah, C. S. L. (2018). Attachment and self-regulation. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin,16(2), 450–467. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022219415618497 Eisenberg, N., Valiente, C., & Eggum, N. D. (2010). Self-regulation and school readiness. Early Education and Development, 21(5), 681–698. https://doi.org/10.1080/10409289.2010.497451 Ellis, B. 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Context. Knowledge of the latitude variation of the solar granulation properties (contrast and scale) is useful to better understand interactions between magnetic field, convection, differential rotation, and meridional circulation in the solar atmosphere. Aims. We investigated the latitude dependence of the contrast and scale of the solar granulation, with the help of HINODE/SOT blue continuum images taken in the frame of the HOP 79 program, along the central meridian and along the equator on a monthly basis in 2009 during the last solar minimum of activity. Methods. We selected the sharpest images in latitude and longitude intervals. The selected images in all the N-S and E-W scans taken in 2009 were combined to get statistically reliable results. Results. The contrast of the solar granulation decreases towards the poles and the scale increases, but not regularly since a perturbation occurs at around 60° where both quantities return close to their values at the disk center. Conclusions. Such a latitude variation in a period of minimum of activity (2009), is probably not due to magnetic field, neither the quiet magnetic field at the surface, nor the strong magnetic flux tubes associated with active regions, which could be embedded more or less deeply in the convection zone before they reach the surface. The decrease in contrast and increase in scale towards the pole seem to be related to the differential rotation and the perturbation around 60° to the meridional circulation.

Background:Long-term physical activity (PA) and exercise is recommended as a cornerstone in the treatment of people with osteoarthritis (OA) (1), yet adherence to exercise is challenging (2). The treatment needs for this large group of patients cannot be fully managed within the health-care system, thus developing innovative and effective follow-up strategies is urgently needed.Objectives:To explore the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of a web-based, peer-supported exercise program for people with hip or knee OA.Methods:This study was a single-group, pre-post feasibility study. Patients aged 40-80 years with hip or knee OA who were not candidates for surgery were eligible. The 12-week intervention was delivered through a patient-organizations (The Norwegian Association for Rheumatic Diseases) web-based platforms, and included weekly exercise programs, weekly motivational messages, an OA and exercise website and assigned peer-supporters. Feasibility was evaluated by calculating the proportion of eligible patients who were enrolled and retained at follow-up, as well as time resources used on delivery of the intervention. Acceptability was evaluated by calculating proportion of patients who had valid baseline accelerometer data and completed the maximal cardiorespiratory exercise test according to protocol. Primary efficacy measures were change in PA assessed by accelerometers and change in exercise capacity (VO2peak) assessed by indirect maximal cardiorespiratory exercise test. Secondary efficacy measures were change in patient reported outcomes assessed by HOOS and KOOS (www.koos.nu) (a 10-point change in normalized scores was considered a minimally important change). Data was analysed using paired sample t-test, given as mean change (95% confidence interval) and p-values.Results:We identified 49 eligible patients of which 35 (71%) consented and were enrolled. Among those who consented, 22 (63%) were retained. Time resources used on delivery of the exercise programs and motivational messages were mean (SD) 7.3±1.1 min per week/patient. Compliance with wearing the accelerometer was mean (SD) 6.1±1.0 valid days (mean (SD) 13.8±1.3 hours/day). Twenty (67%) out of 30 patients who attended baseline testing performed the maximal cardiorespiratory exercise test, of which 18 completed according to protocol. Due to Covid-19 restrictions, follow-up testing of primary efficacy measures included only eight patients. For these patients there was a significant increase from baseline to follow-up on moderate-to-vigorous PA (mean change 16.4 minutes/day; 95% CI 6.9, 25.9, p=0.005) and VO2peak (mean change 1.83 ml/kg/min; 95% CI 0.29, 3.36, p=0.026). Across all secondary efficacy measures 30-52% of the patients (n=21) improved from baseline to follow-up (Figure 1).Figure 1.Proportion (%) of patients with Minimally Important Change (from baseline to follow-up) in normalized scores in subdomains of Hip disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (HOOS) / Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS).Conclusion:Overall, the examined study processes were considered to be feasible and acceptable. Some minor amendments should be applied to improve the recruitment and retention rate before it can be carried out in a larger trial. The efficacy results should be interpreted with caution due the small sample size. However, if the positive results in this study are confirmed in a power-calculated randomised controlled trial, our novel follow-up strategy may be implemented and recommended for long-term management of hip and knee OA.References:[1]Kolasinski SL, Neogi T, Hochberg MC, Oatis C, Guyatt G, Block J, et al. 2019 American College of Rheumatology/Arthritis Foundation Guideline for the Management of Osteoarthritis of the Hand, Hip, and Knee. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2020;72(2):220-33.[2]Williamson W, Kluzek S, Roberts N, Richards J, Arden N, Leeson P, et al. Behavioural physical activity interventions in participants with lower-limb osteoarthritis: a systematic review with meta-analysis. BMJ Open. 2015;5(8):e007642.Acknowledgements:The authors wish to acknowledge all patients for participating, the patient representative who gave invaluable input on interventional components and the peer-supporters for volunteering to provide interventional support.Disclosure of Interests:None declared

This study aims to create a model for developing expertise evaluation programs at the IAIN Surakarta PIAUD Department. The research method used is development research (Research and Development). The results showed that the EPPK model produced had two-dimensional constructs, namely processes and products. The dimensions of the process of publishing instrument planning, implementation and output. The product dimensions are complete instruments of dance ability, musical ability, storytelling ability and artistic ability. This EPPPK model has approved the feasibility of criteria: a. has a good format (average 79.7%), b. has approved the substance of a good evaluation model (average 79.2%), c. has a good evaluation procedure (average 80%). The EPPK model has a very good success rate, it is proven that expertise program lecturers can use the EPPK model easily. The results of the evaluation using the EPPK model can provide a complete and comprehensive description of the program for conducting expertise in the Surakarta IAIN PIAUD Department. Key Words: Early Childhood Education (PIAUD), Evaluation Model, Expertise Practice Programs for Early Childhood (EPPK) References Amrein-Beardsley, A., Polasky, S., & Holloway-Libell, J. (2016). Validating Bvalue added^ in the primary grades: one district’s attempts to increase fairness and inclusivity in its teacher evaluation system. Educational Assessment, Evaluation and Accountability. Educational Assessment, Evaluation and Accountability. Borg, W. R., & Gall, M. D. (1989). Educational research. New York: Longman. Briggs, D. C., & Dadey, N. (2017). Principal holistic judgments and high-stakes evaluations of teachers. Educational Assessment, Evaluation and Accountability. Cizek, B. J. (2000). Pockets of resistance ini the assessment revolution. Educational measurement issues and practice journal, 192. Elliot, R. B. (2018). Understanding Faculty Engagement in Assessment through Feedback and Dialogues: A Mixed Methods Approach. International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education, 7(2). Eseryel, D. (2002). Approaches to evaluation of training: Theory & Practice. Educational Technology & Society, 5(2). Hallinger, P., Heck, R., & Murphy, J. (2014). Teacher evaluation and school improvement: an analysis of the evidence. Educational Assessment, Evaluation and Accountability. Hasan, H. (2009). Evaluasi Kurikulum (II). Bandung: PT Remaja Rosdakarya. Herpich, S., & Pratoreus, K. A. (2018). Teachers’ assessment competence: Integrating knowledge-, process-, and product-oriented approaches into a competence-oriented conceptual model. Teaching and Teacher Education. Meng, L., & Muñoz, M. (2016). Teachers’ perceptions of effective teaching: a comparative study of elementary school teachers from China and the USA. Educational Assessment, Evaluation and Accountability. Ovretveit, J. (2002). Evaluation of quality improvement programmes. Quality and Safety in Health Care, 11(3), 270–275. https://doi.org/10.1136/qhc.11.3.270 Roegman, R., Goodwin, A. L., & Reed, R. (2016). Unpacking the data: an analysis of the use of Danielson’s (2007) Framework for Professional Practice in a teaching residency program. Educational Assessment, Evaluation and Accountability. Seng, K.-H., Diez, C. R., Lou, S.-J., Tsai, H.-L., & Tsai, T.-S. (2010). Using the Context, Input, Process and Product model to assess an engineering curriculum. World Transactions on Engineering and Technology Education, 8(3). Skedsmo, G., & Huber, S. G. (2016). Teacher evaluation—accountability and improving teaching practices. Teacher evaluation—accountability and improving teaching practices. Skedsmo, G., & Huber, S. G. (2018). Teacher evaluation: the need for valid measures and increased teacher involvement. Educational Assessment, Evaluation and Accountability, 30(1), 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11092-018-9273-9 Steinert, Y., Cruess, S., Cruess, R., & Snell, L. (2005). Faculty development for teaching and evaluating professionalism: From Programme Design To Curriculum Change. Medical Education. Stufflebeam, D. L. (2003). The CIPP model for evaluation. Oregon Program Evaluators Network. Uerz, D., Vorman, M., & Kral, M. (2018). Teacher educators’ competences in fostering student teachers’ proficiency in teaching and learning with technology: An overview of relevant research literature. Teaching and Teacher Education. Vrasidas, C. (2000). Constructivism Versus Objectivism: Implications for interaction, Course Design, And Evaluation In Distance Educatio. International Journal of Educational Telecommunications, 6(4). Wahyuni, A., & Kartawagirun, B. (2018). Developing Assessment Instrument Of Qirāatul Kutub At Islamic Boarding School. Jurnal Penelitian dan Evaluasi Pendidikan, 22(2).