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1
Hamilton, Suzanne. "Selling skills or selling out? : manufacturing educational need for semi-skilled and un-skilled work." Thesis, University of Canterbury. School of Educational Studies and Human Development, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/2252.
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This thesis uses interviews, personal experience and documentary evidence to explore
the day to day reality of a call centre enviromnent, and uses this to examine:
surveillance issues with reference to five theories, and concluding that Braverman's
control theories are alive and thriving in the call centre environment; discuss skill; and
address the question of who benefits from the provision of basic qualifications. It
argues that although benefits have moved in favour of industry, in the call centre sector
which already provides inhouse training, it is the institutions offering call centre
qualifications that are the sole benefactors.
2
Vallis, Lori Ann. "Infant bouncing, analysis of skilled and less-skilled behaviour." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape17/PQDD_0010/MQ28466.pdf.
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Loring, Ruth M. "Questions Used by Teachers with Skilled and Less Skilled Readers." Thesis, North Texas State University, 1986. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc331752/.
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This study described the way teachers used questions with skilled and less skilled readers during reading instruction. The cognitive level and functions of questions were analyzed based on data collected through direct observation within the natural environment of the classroom. In addition, the patterns of questioning which included wait-time and sequencing of questions were identified and reported. Twenty sixth grade teachers randomly selected from a metropolitan school district were observed while instructing skilled readers and less skilled readers. Data collected during non-participatory observation of reading instruction through audiotape recordings, a low-inference observation instrument, and field notes were analyzed using the chisquare statistic, log-linear analysis, and descriptive statistics. Each question/response/response loop which occurred during the eighty observations was analyzed as to the cognitive level and function of the question, designation and wait-time of the student's response, the appropriateness, type, and length of the student's response, and the content of the teacher's response. Within the limitations of this study, the following conclusions have been formulated. 1. Teachers use different cognitive levels of questions for particular functions as dictated by the specific needs and characteristics of the students in the skill level. 2. Although teachers ask the majority of questions at the cognitive-memory and convergent levels rather than the higher divergent and evaluative levels among both skilled and less skilled readers, the primary function is that of extending. It appears that teachers use questions as a way of encouraging student participation during reading instruction. 3. Among both skilled and less skilled readers, teachers practice a fast pace approach to questioning, waiting an average of one to two seconds for a response. 4. Paths of sequence for question/response/response loops are similar for both skilled and less skilled reading groups. The function of extending typically followed focusing and clarifying, demonstrating the teacher's apparent effort to include as many students as possible during instruction.
4
Cook, A. P. "Skill and skilled workers : A comparative and historical study." Thesis, University of Reading, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.380812.
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Rowe, Richard M. "Anticipation in skilled performance." Thesis, University of Reading, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.389657.
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Wolf, André-René [Verfasser]. "Mobility of skilled labour and skill formation / Andre-Rene Wolf." Kiel : Universitätsbibliothek Kiel, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1036406288/34.
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Kim, Hyeon Jin. "The impact of learning on low-skilled workers' skill-improvement." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1243956905.
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McPherson, Alexander Hugh. "Scottish international skilled labour mobility." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1994. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/5506/.
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The topic of international skilled labour mobility has received growing attention within the field of population geography and other disciplines. This interest reflects the large growth of international skilled labour mobility, especially during the 1980s. Attention of prior research has focused on the migratory movement of managers and professionals as they radiate across the globe, recording and representing the dispersal of international investment and the overseas expansion of producers of goods and services. The research examines Scotland's participation in the international exchange of skilled labour. The research undertaken addresses the varying theoretical, conceptual and methodological approaches of prior research on international skilled labour mobility in geography, as well as in other disciplines, such as management studies and occupational psychology. In doing so, the interplay between work and non-work spheres in shaping Scottish international skilled labour mobility is highlighted, as is the differing temporal and spatial focus of existing studies. The author's research thus investigates both the economic and social contexts of Scottish international skilled labour mobility, these contexts being characterised at macro, meso and micro level. In addition, the research adopts a broader definition of skilled labour movements than prior research, and so the study discusses the place of short term business travel as well as longer term migratory movements and the relationship between them. In illustrating the economic context of Scottish international skilled labour mobility, the research outlines macro level changes in the Scottish economy and the role of foreign direct investment as a source and channel of Scottish skill exchange. In turn, the specific institutional characteristics of activities generating these labour flows are examined and related to the occupational status of mobile persons.
9
Golby, Jim. "Psychopharmacological aspects of skilled behaviour." Thesis, University of Leeds, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.329505.
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Crown, Daniel Lee. "Skilled Immigration in Developed Economies." The Ohio State University, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1556786649496351.
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Schmidt, Murillo Karla. "Underemployment and Labor Market Incorporation of Highly Skilled Immigrants with Professional Skills." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/24180.
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This thesis project examined underemployment at the state and national levels. Underemployment is the inability of highly skilled migrants with degrees from their home countries to enter the workforce in the receiving country. Pending and enacted legislation was analyzed at the state level to determine in which ways the state of Oregon can implement similar policies to effectively incorporate underemployed immigrants into the state workforce. This project utilized primary data sources at the state and federal level, migrant interviews were used as illustrations of the barriers that exist for underemployed migrants, and secondary data sources from the fields of economics, social sciences, political sciences, and population studies were utilized to provide an understanding of how underemployment is addressed at the national level. Overall, my research found underemployed professional migrants are greatly underutilized, which translates into missed economic opportunities for individual migrants and for the United States as a whole.
12
Neal, Daphnie. "The Growing Income Inequality Between High-skilled and Low-skilled Workers: Is the Great Decoupling Responsible?" Kent State University Honors College / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ksuhonors1565645862097808.
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Millar, John Samuel. "Kinematics of drop punt kicking in Australian rules football - comparison of skilled and less skilled kicking." Thesis, full-text, 2004. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/2026/.
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The types of kick that are performed in the football codes fall into two broad categories: punt kick and place kick. One type of punt kick is the major means of ball movement in Australian Rules football – the drop punt kick.
Past studies have investigated the biomechanics of kicking. The pattern of segmental interaction during the kicking motion – known as the proximal to distal sequence (PDS) – is the most consistent finding that is reported in the biomechanics of kicking literature. In this sequence the proximal segment (thigh) initiates the forward swing of the kicking limb towards the ball and the forward rotation of the distal segment (shank) follows. PDS motions are also typified by a higher angular velocity of the distal segment (shank). Studies that have compared the difference between skilled and less skilled kickers in Australian Rules football have found that the difference in performance is the result of 1) the position of the shank at the end of the backswing is higher above horizontal (further in the clockwise direction) for the skilled than it is for the less skilled, 2) the maximum angular velocity of the thigh during the forward swing is greater for the skilled than it is for the less skilled and 3) the skilled kickers demonstrate greater mean maximum angular velocity of the shank at foot – ball contact. Apart from these findings there is inadequate information about the mechanical features of a skillful drop punt kick. The objective of this study was to quantify and compare the kinematics of skilled and less skilled kicking. A general profile of the drop punt kick and the reliability of the kinematic variables were also reported. The reliability study was conducted first. Six subjects were tested on two occasions to establish the reliability of the equipment and methods. Variables were deemed to be reliable if they demonstrated an ICC equal or greater than r = 0.80. Of the 95 variables that were analysed 42% had an ICC greater than r = 0.79 and 25% were classified as having questionable to moderate reliability because r = 0.50 – 0.79. Only reliable variables were used to compare the skilled and less skilled groups.
Six elite skilled kickers and six elite less skilled kickers were used in the main study. All subjects used were AFL players at the time of the data collection. Two-dimensional video footage was taken of each kick using a high speed camera (200Hz). The camera was positioned so that its line of sight was perpendicular to the sagittal plane of motion. The video footage of each trial was processed through the Peak Motus motion analysis system.
The start of the kicking motion was identified by the maximum cw angle of the thigh. The time of foot – ball contact was the end of the motion. There were two phases that were identified during this time; transition and forward swing. The duration of each was 50% of movement time. The results of the current study showed that the skilled kickers held the ankle in a more plantarflexed position than did the less skilled kickers (skilled 46.7 degrees, less skilled 39.21 degrees, r = 0.70, ES = – 1.06, p = .071) at the time of foot – ball contact. This result indicates that a common trait amongst skilled kickers is the presence of a taut instep at foot – ball contact. This is one trait of skilled kickers that is often referred to by skills coaches within the AFL.
The maximum angular velocity of the shank (1402 degrees/second) was higher than that of the thigh (805 degrees/second). The mean knee extension angle at foot – ball contact was 50 degrees and the maximum knee extension angle occurred after foot – ball contact (150% movement time). There was no difference between groups in the magnitude of the angles or angular velocities (p > 0.2). There was a difference in the time between the maximum angular velocity of the thigh and the maximum angular velocity of the shank (p < 0.05). From this result we suggested that skilled kickers are distinguished from less skilled kickers based on the timing of the critical events not the magnitude of critical events.
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Millar, John Samuel. "Kinematics of drop punt kicking in Australian rules football - comparison of skilled and less skilled kicking." full-text, 2004. http://eprints.vu.edu.au/2026/1/millar.pdf.
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The types of kick that are performed in the football codes fall into two broad categories: punt kick and place kick. One type of punt kick is the major means of ball movement in Australian Rules football – the drop punt kick. Past studies have investigated the biomechanics of kicking. The pattern of segmental interaction during the kicking motion – known as the proximal to distal sequence (PDS) – is the most consistent finding that is reported in the biomechanics of kicking literature. In this sequence the proximal segment (thigh) initiates the forward swing of the kicking limb towards the ball and the forward rotation of the distal segment (shank) follows. PDS motions are also typified by a higher angular velocity of the distal segment (shank). Studies that have compared the difference between skilled and less skilled kickers in Australian Rules football have found that the difference in performance is the result of 1) the position of the shank at the end of the backswing is higher above horizontal (further in the clockwise direction) for the skilled than it is for the less skilled, 2) the maximum angular velocity of the thigh during the forward swing is greater for the skilled than it is for the less skilled and 3) the skilled kickers demonstrate greater mean maximum angular velocity of the shank at foot – ball contact. Apart from these findings there is inadequate information about the mechanical features of a skillful drop punt kick. The objective of this study was to quantify and compare the kinematics of skilled and less skilled kicking. A general profile of the drop punt kick and the reliability of the kinematic variables were also reported. The reliability study was conducted first. Six subjects were tested on two occasions to establish the reliability of the equipment and methods. Variables were deemed to be reliable if they demonstrated an ICC equal or greater than r = 0.80. Of the 95 variables that were analysed 42% had an ICC greater than r = 0.79 and 25% were classified as having questionable to moderate reliability because r = 0.50 – 0.79. Only reliable variables were used to compare the skilled and less skilled groups. Six elite skilled kickers and six elite less skilled kickers were used in the main study. All subjects used were AFL players at the time of the data collection. Two-dimensional video footage was taken of each kick using a high speed camera (200Hz). The camera was positioned so that its line of sight was perpendicular to the sagittal plane of motion. The video footage of each trial was processed through the Peak Motus motion analysis system. The start of the kicking motion was identified by the maximum cw angle of the thigh. The time of foot – ball contact was the end of the motion. There were two phases that were identified during this time; transition and forward swing. The duration of each was 50% of movement time. The results of the current study showed that the skilled kickers held the ankle in a more plantarflexed position than did the less skilled kickers (skilled 46.7 degrees, less skilled 39.21 degrees, r = 0.70, ES = – 1.06, p = .071) at the time of foot – ball contact. This result indicates that a common trait amongst skilled kickers is the presence of a taut instep at foot – ball contact. This is one trait of skilled kickers that is often referred to by skills coaches within the AFL. The maximum angular velocity of the shank (1402 degrees/second) was higher than that of the thigh (805 degrees/second). The mean knee extension angle at foot – ball contact was 50 degrees and the maximum knee extension angle occurred after foot – ball contact (150% movement time). There was no difference between groups in the magnitude of the angles or angular velocities (p > 0.2). There was a difference in the time between the maximum angular velocity of the thigh and the maximum angular velocity of the shank (p < 0.05). From this result we suggested that skilled kickers are distinguished from less skilled kickers based on the timing of the critical events not the magnitude of critical events.
15
Toward, Jeffrey Ian. "Metacognitive knowledge and skilled sport performance." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/9751.
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This investigation sought to examine expert-novice differences in metacognitive knowledge about action and metacognitive skill functioning, as they relate to the performance of the basketball foul shot. Twenty-four female undergraduate students served as subjects in this investigation. Twelve of the 24 subjects were classified as basketball experts (Group one) and 12 as basketball novices (Group two). Classification as either an expert or novice was dependent upon the total number of seasons having played competitive basketball. Both groups of subjects performed three tasks, each designed to assess a different aspect of their metacognitive functioning. Task one sought to identify group differences in the declarative component of metacognitive knowledge about action through the collection and comparison of instructional verbal protocols. Task two sought to identify both between group differences and the within group relationship between one's actions and the corresponding verbal description of those actions through the collection and comparison of verbal and visual protocols. It was believed that such a comparison would serve to identify group differences in the procedural component of metacognitive knowledge about action. Finally, Task three sought to identify group differences in metacognitive skill functioning as determined through each subject's ability to monitor her performance, predict performance outcomes, and explain the predictions made. When combined, the results obtained at these three tasks suggested that, specific to performance of the basketball foul shot, the level of metacognitive knowledge about action and metacognitive skill possessed by the subject within this investigation was a function of their level of expertise. The 'expert' subjects within Group one were seen to provide complete and accurate instruction in the proper execution of a basketball foul shot. Their ability to accurately describe the actions produced at Task two indicated that they possessed higher levels of the procedural component of metacognitive knowledge about action when compared to Group two subjects. Group one subjects were seen to make significantly more fouls hosts than Group two subjects at Task three and were also significantly better than Group two subjects with respect to their ability to monitor and successfully predict their performance outcomes. The results obtained at this investigation served to highlight the important, yet often overlooked, association between action and cognition.
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Sutton, Jon. "Bullying : social inadequacy or skilled manipulation?" Thesis, Goldsmiths College (University of London), 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.299893.
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Williams, Oliver Joseph Vyvyan Cook. "Asset pricing with heterogeneous skilled agents." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.611354.
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Counihan, Christopher R. "Private actors in highly-skilled migration." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file, 524 p, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1654495771&sid=4&Fmt=2&clientId=8331&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Morar, Teodora. "High Skilled Migration in Sweden and Canada: Labour Market Integration of young skilled Romanians in Sweden and Canada." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-21895.
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Lennie, Graeme Mark. "Retention strategies for skilled SARS customs employees." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/999.
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The South African Revenue Services (SARS) is an amalgamation of the former Departments of Customs and Excise, and the Receiver of Revenue. SARS obtained full autonomy from the Government in October 1997 in order for it to administer its own affairs. SARS has since made great strides in transforming its people and technology, although some growing pains are recently being experienced, i.e. the “retention question”. The problem statement, “What strategies can be implemented for retaining skilled employees within SARS Customs” is derived from a multitude of problematic issues currently being experienced world wide. Problem areas particular to South Africa, include: the mass exodus of white skilled labour; baby-boomers (aged 60 – 65) nearing retirement, affirmative action, employment equity, and a general lack of skills in the employment industry. An employee engagement survey (2007) conducted at SARS, shows figures that further exacerbates the problem. The objectives of the research were therefore, to conduct a literature study of employee retention strategies, investigate the research strategies currently being employed at SARS, the reasons for the low levels of employee engagement and to develop a strategic model for employee retention for use at SARS Customs in the Eastern Cape Region of South Africa The study takes the form of a case study, using quantitative and qualitative methods of research. A questionnaire was distributed to respondents, the results of which were analysed and presented. The findings show that SARS Customs is in a good position with regards to pay and benefits. Areas that require attention though are training, development and career management, effective supervision, and day-to-day activities.
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Diebel, Elizabeth. "Psychological Processes Involved in Skilled Golf Performance." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2014. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/426.
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The present research assessed the influence of golfers’ mindsets on their performance when accounting for their skill level. Better performance of three chip shots was expected from golfers with a strategic mental approach to golf performance, including motivation, confidence, and concentration. Golfers with these mindset components were also expected to be more skilled, lower handicap golfers. Prior to a performance situation, participants were asked to give a description that was expected to challenge their performance mindset. In the experimental conditions, participants were asked to describe either their best shot or their worst shot from a past round. In the control condition, they were asked to provide a neutral description. Participants’ subsequent performance of three golf chip shots was assessed. Contrary to the hypothesis, the results found that the pre-performance mindset manipulation did not significantly affect the performance of high or low CC golfers. However, significant correlations were found between two of the hypothesized performance mindset components, confidence and concentration, and golf performance, suggesting that successful golf performance may be related to a particular mindset.
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Lin, Chieh. "Skilled labour, employee ownership, and firm risk." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2017. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/19635/.
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Employing highly qualified and skilled workers is crucial for firms in the knowledge economy, as they compete in an increasingly complex and turbulent business environment. Whilst substantial research has focused on the potential benefits of investment in skilled labour, little attention has been given to its downside. This thesis examines one important aspect, namely increases in the firm’s equity risk. The quality of human capital in individual firms is generally unobservable. To bypass this, a labour skill index is constructed using industry-level data, representing the degree to which firms in a given industry rely on skilled labour. The index is calculated annually from 1990 to 2014 across a wide range of industries, and is the main test variable throughout the empirical chapters. The major findings of this thesis are as follows. First, firms located in more highly skilled industries are perceived by investors as having more volatile fundamentals, reflected in greater idiosyncratic return volatility. The relationship is moderated by the presence of broad-based employee ownership, highlighting the latter’s risk management implications. Second, with respect to the level of broad-based employee ownership, it displays an inverted U-shaped relationship with the labour skill index. The positive relationship between the two is reversed only for firms at the top end of the skill spectrum. Third, firms that rely more heavily on skilled labour incur a higher implied cost of equity. This is attributed to increased operating leverage which amplifies firms’ exposure to systematic risk. Summarising, this thesis provides evidence that reliance on skilled labour exacerbates both idiosyncratic and systematic components of the firm’s equity risk. In addition, this thesis corroborates broad-based employee ownership as a form of employee governance, and shows that its presence mitigates firm-specific return volatility associated with investment in skilled labour.
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Rawlinson, Ina Renee. "Strategies to Recruit Skilled Workers in Manufacturing." ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/6653.
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Manufacturing hiring managers in the United States who fail to implement adequate recruitment strategies for skilled production workers experience reduced profits and sustainability challenges. The purpose of this multiple case study was to explore the strategies that successful manufacturing hiring managers in North Carolina used to recruit skilled production workers to sustain business profitability. Inductive analysis was guided by the human capital theory, and trustworthiness of interpretations was strengthened by member checking. The population for the study consisted of 4 business leaders who demonstrated the use of effective recruitment strategies to sustain profitability in manufacturing businesses in southeastern North Carolina. Data were collected from face-to-face interviews with the leaders and review of artifacts pertaining to employee recruitment strategies. Six themes emerged: fueling competition for local labor market, enhancing advertising methods, networking, providing job training, growing talent, and building new perceptions of manufacturing. The application of the findings from this study could contribute to positive social change by providing manufacturing business leaders with effective strategies for recruiting skilled workers. Business leaders could contribute to positive social change by increasing workplace stability and employees' abilities to support their families. Businesses and individuals could benefit from improved standards of living, thereby contributing to the sustainment and prosperity of communities.
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Simmons, Michael L. "Strategies for Hiring Skilled Furniture Manufacturing Workers." ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/5125.
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In April 2013, the U.S. unemployment rate was 7.6% and did not drop as quickly in the recent recession as in past recessions. The Unemployment and Job Creation Program study informed readers that many employers could not find qualified workers. The purpose of this qualitative multiple case study was to explore hiring managers' strategies to locate and hire skilled workers in the furniture manufacturing industry. The target sample included 3 furniture manufacturers located in Huntsville, Alabama who have successfully developed and implemented strategies for hiring skilled workers. The skill shortage theory was the conceptual framework for this study. In the job market, skill was a persistent theme in the discussion of unemployment. The data collected resulted from face-to-face interviews with 3 managers in the furniture manufacturing business, transcribed interview responses, company documentation, and observation notes. Data analysis included an assessment of word frequencies, keyword coding, and theme identification. The findings included 4 themes: strategy, effective strategy, barriers, and mitigation. Implementing these recommendations may increase managers' effectiveness in hiring. Implications for social change include establishing a credible hiring strategy that provides an opportunity for increasing local employment. The benefits of industries implementing an effective hiring strategy are community awareness and less local unemployment. The employment growth strengthens the community with the increase in spending which creates a thriving economy. An increase in pay provides opportunities for higher education and better provisions for employees' families.
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Drouin, Dan. "The effects of fatigue on the mechanics of forward maximum velocity power skating in skilled and less-skilled skaters." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape9/PQDD_0010/MQ52539.pdf.
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Sardadvar, Sascha, and Christian Reiner. "Does the Presence of High-Skilled Employees Increase Total and High-Skilled Employment in the Long Run? Evidence from Austria." WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2015. http://epub.wu.ac.at/4549/1/Sardadvar_ePub_2.pdf.
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Studies conducted for the US have found a positive effect of human capital endowments on employment growth, with human capital endowments diverging at the same time. In contrast, studies for European countries have found convergence of human capital endowments. This paper tests these relationships for 99 Austrian districts for the observation period 1971-2011 by estimating how the presence of high-skilled employment affects total, low-skilled and high-skilled employment growth. To this end, OLS, fixed effects and first difference regressions are estimated. The results show continuous convergence of high-skilled employment which, however, slowed downed significantly since the 1990s. In contrast to previous studies, evidence for positive effects of high-skilled on total and low-skilled employment is only weak and varies over time. Furthermore, the results show that total and high-skilled employment in suburban areas grew faster than in other regions, while districts which bordered the Eastern Bloc were disadvantaged. Nevertheless, spatial neighbourhood effects within Austria are only weak. (authors' abstract)Series: Working Papers in Regional Science
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Iwaniuk, Andrew N. "The evolution of skilled forelimb movements in carnivorans." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape2/PQDD_0016/MQ49136.pdf.
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Iwaniuk, Andrew N., and University of Lethbridge Faculty of Arts and Science. "The evolution of skilled forelimb movements in carnivorans." Thesis, Lethbridge, Alta. : University of Lethbridge, Faculty of Arts and Science, 2000, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10133/94.
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Emancipating the forelimbs from locomotion for use in other activities, such as food manipulation, is a major evolutionary milestone. A variety of selective forces and evolutionary correlates may influence the evolution of various degrees of skill with which the forelimbs are used. Using the order Carnivora as a test group, I assesed the relative influence of six factors: relative brain size, neocortical volume, manus proportions, body size, phylogenetic relatedness, type of locomotion and diet. I developed a rating system to describe the dexterity of individual species and compared the scores to the six factors using modern comparative methods. Only phylogeny and diet were significanly correlated with forelimb dexterity. More specifically, forelimb dexterity tends to be higher in caniform than in feliform carnivorans and decreases with increasing specialisation on vertebrate prey. I conclude that food handling and feeding niche breath have a significant effect upon the evolution of skilled forelimb movements.xii, 151 leaves : ill. ; 28 cm.
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Behar, Alberto. "Are skilled and unskilled labour complements or substitutes?" Thesis, University of Oxford, 2007. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:1900a3c1-135a-4954-83c4-6baf474f1271.
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Using theoretical and empirical approaches, this thesis asks whether skilled and unskilled labour complement or substitute one another in production. We primarily investigate whether an increase in the proportion of workers with skills would raise or lower demand for those who remain unskilled. A secondary issue is the role of factor prices in labour demand. To study the role of factor prices, we estimate labour demand elasticities and Alien elasticities of substitution between capital and up to five occupations in South Africa. We supplement firmlevel data with household survey information and confirm theoretically that the elasticities can be estimated from a cost function under non-constant returns to scale. We show that separable disaggregated inputs can be used to find aggregate elasticities: more skilled and less skilled aggregates are p-complements, so a fall in skilled wages would lead to a rise in demand for less skilled labour. Disaggregated estimates suggest unskilled workers are p-complements with semi-skilled workers but p-substitutes with skilled/artisanal labour. We investigate the effects of a rise in skill supply on the relatively unskilled by estimating Hicks elasticities of complementarity and factor price. Aggregated estimates suggest more skilled and less skilled labour are q-complements, so an exogenous rise in the supply of skilled labour would raise demand for less skilled labour. Disaggregated estimates suggest skilled/artisanal and unskilled labour are q-complements while semi-skilled and unskilled labour are q-substitutes. The results allow for imperfectly elastic product demand and rigid wages. Using an endogenous growth model, we show technological progress is skill-biased in the South if it is in the North, resulting in rising wage inequality in developing countries. Assuming skilled and unskilled labour are perfect substitutes, we model expanded educational access as it adds relatively educated cohorts to the labour market. A rising skill composition causes accelerated skill-biased technological change and wage inequality. Relaxing the assumption of perfect substitutability, a one-off rise in skill supply only raises wage inequality if the elasticity of substitution is high, higher than existing empirical estimates.
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Hamerla, Sara Ruth. "Revising strategies of skilled bilingual fifth-grade writers." Thesis, Boston University, 2002. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/32770.
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Thesis (Ed.D.)--Boston UniversityPLEASE NOTE: Boston University Libraries did not receive an Authorization To Manage form for this thesis or dissertation. It is therefore not openly accessible, though it may be available by request. If you are the author or principal advisor of this work and would like to request open access for it, please contact us at open-help@bu.edu. Thank you.
This case study reports on the revising processes of 6 bilingual 5th grade students who have been identified as skilled English writers. The research was situated in two 5th grade mainstream classrooms an urban elementary school in the Northeastern United States. The following research questions guided the study: 1) How do bilingual fifth-graders evaluate and recognize needs in their writing and do they use their first language to meet these needs? 2) What strategies and languages do these bilingual students employ as they revise text written in English? The researcher observed the participants as they composed text during literacy block, audiotaped think-alouds during revising and peer revising conferences, collected written products from all stages of the writing process, and conducted interviews with the participants. Data were collected as the participants wrote four different assignments over a period of four months. The multiple data sources provided information not only on the products of writing, but also on the processes of writing. Quantitative and qualitative methods were employed to analyze data for evidence of evaluative ability and revising strategies. The levels of discourse at which participants revised (linguistic, textual, and pragmatic) and the operations employed in revision (deletion, addition, substitution, and reordering) were investigated. Data analysis also addressed the use of the participants' first language, Spanish, during composing and revising. Cross-case analyses investigated similarities and differences among participants. The findings suggest that the participants made the most revisions at the linguistic level. All participants engaged in textual changes, but very few pragmatic changes were initiated. Participants employed the following operations (ranked by frequency): substitution, addition, deletion, and reordering. The participants were able to revise their written work on their own and with help from peers and teachers. Revisions were made for a range of purposes throughout all writing process stages. Five of the participants incorporated Spanish words into their writing, and the most recently mainstreamed participant reported using Spanish during the phases of the writing process. Revision is an important cognitive ability developing in these young bilingual writers.
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Noumedem, Temgoua Claudia. "Highly-skilled migration : knowledge spillovers and regional performances." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BORD0173/document.
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Les travailleurs hautement qualifiés - scientifiques et ingénieurs en particulier - sont un atout important pour le développement d’un pays car ils sont des facteurs majeurs dans la production de connaissances. C'est ce qui justifie les efforts compétitifs déployés par plusieurs pays afin d'attirer ces travailleurs. Les pays de destination sont en général décrits comme étant les grands gagnants des migrations des travailleurs hautement qualifiés. Ce qui n'est pas le cas des pays d'origine où ces migrations sont perçues comme une perte en capital humain. Cependant, ce phénomène serait beaucoup plus complexe qu'il n'y parait. En effet, il existe d'autres facteurs inhérents à la dynamique des migrations des travailleurs hautement qualifiés qui restent soit partiellement ou totalement inexplorés dans la littérature. Ces facteurs sont liés à des éléments résultant de ces migrations et pouvant créer des retombées positives vers les pays d'origine tout en contribuant ainsi à l'innovation dans ces pays. Afin d'explorer plus en profondeur cette question, il serait nécessaire de conduire une analyse approfondie autour de la question sur la nature des liens entre migrants hautement qualifiés résidant à l'étranger d'une part et celle des liens qui lient ces migrants à leurs pays d'origine d'autre part. A travers cette analyse, nous nous proposons de contribuer au débat sur le « brain gain » en investiguant les dynamiques de diffusion des connaissances à l'intérieur du réseau des migrants hautement qualifiés dans les pays de destination, mais également vers les pays d'origineHighly skilled workers – scientists and engineers in particular – are an important asset for a nation in so far that they enter in the production of knowledge as highly valuable human capital. That is why many countries have been competing for attracting. Receiving countries are in general pictured as the biggest winners from highly skilled migration. While the latter is perceived as a loss for sending countries. However, the situation might not be as simplistic as it seems. Indeed, we believe there are several unexplored factors underpinning the dynamics of highly skilled migration which contribute to some positive feedback to the sending countries in terms of knowledge and innovation while spurring innovation in the destination countries. And for a better understanding of these factors, one needs to look further into the nature of the ties linking highly skilled migrants abroad on one hand and to their home countries on the other hand. With our research we intend to contribute to the brain drain – brain gain trade-off debate by investigating the dynamics of knowledge diffusion within migrants’ networks in receiving countries and more importantly to sending countries
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Kraus, Laura L. "Evaluating Telepsychiatry in a Rural Skilled Nursing Facility." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1594060357999188.
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Mong, Sherry Newcomb. ""Discharged": Labor Processes in Skilled Home Health Care." The Ohio State University, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1342634405.
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Ferrucci, Edoardo. "Highly skilled migration, science and innovation : three essays." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BORD0854.
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Comment les travailleurs des domaines des STIM, à savoir les chercheurs universitaires et les inventeurs, affectent-ils les activités et les résultats de la recherche et de l’innovation? Dans la présente thèse, j’essaie de répondre à la demande croissante d’une recherche centrée sur l’Europe. Elle s’articule autour de trois chapitres empiriques s’écartant de la plupart des ́etudes précédentes qui évaluent les effets de l’immigration sur le marché du travail, en ce sens qu’elle essaie d’apporter des preuves à l’impact des travailleurs qualifiés étrangers sur l’innovation en Europe. Les deux premiers chapitres sont centrés sur les activités de brevets européens. Ils se réfèrent à la littérature économique sur la qualité des brevets et / ou les brevets en tant qu’indicateurs de l’innovation. Le troisième chapitre est davantage axé sur la recherche sociologique, l’identité sociale et le comportement de groupe. Dans le premier chapitre J’explore le lien entre performance et connexions ethniques d’une catégorie professionnelle, les inventeurs, dont l’engagement dans les activités d’innovation demeure une évidence. Je me base sur une vaste littérature qui étudie l’effet de la diversité ethnique et culturelle sur l’innovation, ainsi que sur l’auto sélection basée sur les compétences venant de la littérature des migrations. Les deux premiers chapitres sont centrés sur les activités de brevets européens. Ils se réfèrent à la littérature économique sur la qualité des brevets et / ou les brevets en tant qu’indicateurs de l’innovation. Le troisième chapitre est davantage axé sur la recherche sociologique, l’identité sociale et le comportement de groupe. Dans le premier chapitre J’explore le lien entre performance et connexions ethniques d’une catégorie professionnelle, les inventeurs, dont l’engagement dans les activités d’innovation demeure une évidence. Je me base sur une vaste littérature qui étudie l’effet de la diversité ethnique et culturelle sur l’innovation, ainsi que sur l’auto sélection basée sur les compétences venant de la littérature des migrations. Le deuxième chapitre est le plus pertinent d’un point de vue politique. Il explore la contribution à l’innovation dans les pays de destination des inventeurs ayant quitté l’ex- URSS pour l’Europe et Israel, après l’effondrement de l’Union soviétique en 1991. Ce choc politique a eu des répercussions importantes en termes de flux migratoires de travailleurs hautement qualifiés vers les pays occidentaux. L’Europe, Israel et les états-Unis, et ainsi constitue un évènement naturel dans les migrations. Le dernier chapitre cible les institutions académiques européennes, en particulier les écoles de commerce publiques et privées, y compris les départements de gestion des grandes universités. J’examine des publications scientifiques ayant plus d’un auteur, des revues de management. J’analyse ainsi leur impact scientifique et leur visibilité sur la base de la diversité culturelle des coauteurs. Dans la société moderne, les écoles de commerce comptent parmi les organisations les plus internationalisées et les plus actives en termes d’activités dans le domaine des connaissances. La littérature contemporaine de management a toujours mis l’accent sur l’importance de la diversité de la main d’oeuvre dans l’amélioration ou la limitation de l’efficacité des groupes. Ces deux derniers points font de ce domaine un sujet approprié et à la fois potentiellement attractif pour ces mêmes chercheurs qui y contribuentHow STEM workers, namely academic researchers and inventors, affect research and innovation activities and outputs?The present dissertation tries to meet such demand for a European-based research. Its three papers , which is made of three empirical chapters diverge from most of previous studies that evaluate the labour market effects of immigration in that it seeks to provide evidence on the impact of foreign skilled workers on innovation in Europe. The first two chapters center on European patenting activities They relate to and draw from the economic literature on patent quality and/or patents as innovation indicators. The third chapter is more compelled to the sociological research on social identity and group behavior.In the first chapter I explore the link between performance and ethnic connections of a professional category, inventors, whose engagement in innovation activities is selfevident. I build upon a vast literature that investigates the effect of ethnic and cultural variety on innovation, as well as on the migration literature on skill-based self selection. The second chapter is the most relevant from a policy perspective. It explores the contribution to innovation in destination countries by inventors who left former USSR countries for Europe and Israel, after the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991. This was a political shock that had both important repercussions in terms of highly skilled migratory flows towards Western Europe, Israel, and the United States, and serves well as a natural experiment in migration. The last chapter targets European academic institutions, in particular both public and private business schools, including management departments of large universities. I examine multi-authored scientific publications on peer-reviewed management journals, and explain their scientific impact and visibility with the cultural diversity of the co- authors. Business schools are one of the most internationalized and knowledge-intensive organizations in modern society, and contemporary management literature has widely investigate the importance of workforce diversity in enhancing or limiting group effectiveness, two circumstances that make the chosen field of study both appropriate and extremely likely to attract the attention of the same scholars that contribute to it
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Moodley, Auvasha. "Motivation for skilled professionals to accept expatriate assignments." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/44124.
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Orientation – The researcher, under the supervision of Dr Mark Bussin sought to explore and understand the factors that influence skilled professionals to accept expatriate assignments.
Research purpose – identify predominant factors that motivate skilled professional to accept or decline expatriate offers and understand the impact that age has on the priority of these factors.
Motivation for the study – There is little research that has been done thus far that identifies the factors that motivate skilled professionals to accept expatriate assignments and the impact that age may have on the priority of these factors.
Research design, approach and method – The researcher used an exploratory qualitative research approach and, more specifically, semi structured interviews.
Main findings – Career, family and geographic location appear to be key motivational factors for skilled professionals to accept expatriate assignments. There is also an increasing importance being given to the presence of a comprehensive company policy with regard to expatriate assignments which gives the skilled professional a sense of comfort when making the decision. In addition age does not appear to influence the factors that motivate skilled professionals to accept an expatriate assignment however importance to various factors may change dependent on age and position in career at the time of making the decision.
Practical/managerial implications – As a result of globalisation which is currently a very prevalent influence on the economic environment, there is an increased need for skilled professionals to accept expatriate assignments in multi-national companies. It is therefore important for employers to understand what motivates skilled professionals to accept these expatriate assignments.
Contribution/value-add – Although this study is explorative and descriptive, it suggests that if management at multi-national companies are aware of the factors that motivate skilled professionals to accept expatriate assignments, they stand a better chance of being able to fill positions appropriately if they are able to meet the needs of the skilled professionals.Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2014.
lmgibs2015
Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS)
MBA
Unrestricted
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Gorin, Clément. "Skilled mobility, networks and the geography of innovation." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSES030/document.
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Le fait que les activités d'innovation soient très concentrées dans l'espace, et en particulier dans les villes, a motivé un effort de recherche important pour comprendre les dynamiques spatiales de l'innovation. Si les flux de connaissances sont largement reconnus comme un facteur déterminant de la géographie de l’innovation, les mécanismes par lesquels ils se diffusent dans l'espace demeurent méconnus. En particulier, la littérature souligne l'importance de la mobilité des travailleurs qualifiés et des réseaux de collaboration scientifique. Cette thèse examine le rôle de la mobilité qualifiée dans la diffusion des connaissances, ainsi que la distribution spatiale des activités d’innovation qui en résulte. Pour répondre à cette question, cette thèse procède en trois étapes. Le premier chapitre fournit un cadre conceptuel articulant trois courants de littérature dont la nouvelle économie géographique, les modèles de croissance endogène, ainsi que les contributions empiriques sur la géographie de l’innovation. Une des conclusions principales de ce chapitre est que les modèles alliant économie géographique et croissance endogène fournissent un cadre théorique pertinent, puisqu’ils reconnaissent le rôle de la mobilité qualifiée et des externalités de connaissances dans la répartition des activités d’innovation. Cependant, leurs conclusions demeurent incomplètes pour au moins deux raisons.Premièrement, les dynamiques de migration sont très simplistes, et l’introduction de travailleurs avec des caractéristiques et des préférences de localisation hétérogènes altère le mécanisme cumulatif à la base de l’agglomération. Le second chapitre analyse les trajectoires de mobilité des inventeurs entre les villes Européennes, ainsi que leur dimension spatiale. En utilisant ces résultats, un modèle de gravité avec filtres spatiaux est utilisé pour estimer formellement comment le marché du travail, les réseaux de collaborations ainsi que les aménités, influencent les flux de mobilité des inventeurs.Deuxièmement, ces modèles ne considèrent pas la mobilité qualifiées comme un mécanisme de diffusion des connaissances. La littérature empirique a établi que les individus qualifiés influencent les flux de connaissances par leur mobilité professionnelle, ainsi que par les réseaux de collaboration et la capacité d’absorption qui en résulte. Le troisième chapitre estime un modèle spatial de Durbin pour étudier ces trois mécanismes dans un cadre unifié. L'hypothèse sous-jacente est que la mobilité et les réseaux donnent accès aux connaissances externes, mais la proportion de ces connaissances utilisée pour l'innovation dépend de la capacité d'absorption.Ces résultats ont de nombreuses implications pour la géographie de l'innovation. Alors que la mobilité de long terme devrait constituer une force d'agglomération importante, le développement des mobilités de court terme ou circulaires constituent une force de dispersion. L'importance relative de ces deux effets demeure incertaine, car les choix de localisation sont hétérogènes, de sorte que les trajectoires de mobilité varient considérablement. Ces éléments pourraient fournir une explication partielle aux écarts de croissance entre les zones urbaines, et dans une perspective plus dynamique, si cette différence tend à s’accroître ou à se résorber au cours du tempsThe fact that innovative activity is remarkably concentrated in space, and in particular in cities, has motivated an important research effort to understand the spatial dimension of innovation, and the underlying mechanisms at work. While the literature has established the importance knowledge flows for location of innovation, the mechanisms through which they diffuse in space remain largely understudied. In particular, studies have insisted on the importance of skilled workers' mobility and the networked nature of knowledge production for innovation. Building on these considerations, this thesis investigates the role of skilled mobility in the diffusion of knowledge, and the resulting distribution of innovative activity. To answer this question, the thesis proceeds in three steps. The first chapter sets the conceptual framework and surveys the related literature. One of the main conclusion of this review is that some new economic geography and growth models provide a useful theoretical framework, because they recognize the importance of skilled mobility and knowledge externalities for the distribution of innovation. However, they fail to provide a reasonable answer to our research question for at least two reasons. First, the migration dynamics are very simplistic, and introducing heterogeneity in workers' characteristics and location preferences alters the cumulative mechanism of agglomeration. The second chapter provides a descriptive analysis on the patterns of inventors' mobility across urban areas, and their spatial dimension. Using these results, a spatial filtering gravity model is used to analyse formally how employment opportunities, professional networks and urban amenities, influence inventors' mobility flows. Second, these models do not consider workers' role in the diffusion of knowledge. The literature has established that skilled individuals influence the diffusion of knowledge by moving across organisation, creating network relationships and building absorptive capacities. The third chapter implements a spatial Durbin model to study these three mechanisms in an integrated framework. It is assumed that that mobility and networks provide access to knowledge, but the proportion of accessible knowledge used for innovation depends on absorptive capacity. These results have implications for the geography of innovation. While long-term mobility acts as a strong agglomeration force, the development of short-term, circular patterns of mobility should give rise to dispersion. The relative importance of these two effects is uncertain, because workers have different propensities and motivation to move, so that mobility patterns differ considerably. This should help explaining the persistence of long-run growth differentials among urban areas, and in a more dynamic setting, whether these gaps tend to widen or fall over time
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Stokes, Paul. "The skilled coachee : an alternative discourse on coach." Thesis, Sheffield Hallam University, 2015. http://shura.shu.ac.uk/16629/.
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This thesis examines the role that coachees play in coaching conversations and relationships. It develops theoretical insights into the concept of a skilled coachee, providing an alternative discourse to that which is dominant in the coaching literature. Despite the emphasis on coachee benefits as an output of coaching, the prevailing discourse of coaching privileges the skills of the coach in coaching relationships and downplays the agency of coachees and the role this plays in coaching processes. Using a hybrid research methodology, which draws on central tenets of action research and grounded theory, seven coaching relationships are examined using a mixture of observation, paired and individual interviews. The subsequent analysis suggests a heuristic of coachee skills and behaviours deployed in coaching conversations. These sets of skills and behaviours include: enabling mechanisms which enhance and facilitate the coaching conversation and defensive mechanisms which coachees - often unconsciously - can adopt to protect themselves from embarrassment or threat. These coachee skills work in complement with coach skills, as articulated in the coaching literature. This study thus contributes an alternative discourse of coaching within which coachees are more agentic in the process, than has previously been acknowledged. This alternative discourse has three elements to it: (1) coaching is a skilled collaborative partnership where both parties utilise process skills; (2) all behaviours, whether enabling or defensive, are functional for the participants in maintaining a developmental relationship; (3) responsibility for the coaching process can be extended to encompass both coaches and coachees. These conclusions hold implications for a range of stakeholders, including coaches, coachees, scheme designers, academics, professional bodies, supervisors and therapists.
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Uprety, Dambar Uprety. "Skilled Migration and Remittances: Theoretical and Empirical Analyses." OpenSIUC, 2016. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/1181.
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This dissertation investigates the impact of skilled migrants' remittances and import tariffs of migrant-sending countries on skilled migration. The first chapter builds a model that predicts the positive association between emigration of skilled individuals and the proportion of remittances from them by considering heterogeneity of workers in skills. There are inter--industry and migration thresholds of skill in migrant sending countries. Both of these skill thresholds lower with remittances from skilled migrants. This is because of the rising wage gap effects. Remittance outflows from developed countries depress the demand for differentiated goods which in turn lowers the demand for workers in this sector. This leads to lowering the demand for skilled workers and thus wages of the marginal workers increases. Just opposite happens in migrant-sending countries and so wage gap increases, which pulls skilled workers from developing countries and therefore, emigration of such workers increases. The second chapter builds a model that predicts the complementarity between skilled migration and import tariffs levied by migrant sending countries. Migration skill threshold increases with the increase in tariffs thereby reducing skilled migration. However, the inter-industry skill threshold moves left with the rise in tariffs causing to expand differentiated sector in the developing country. On the contrary, the differentiated sector in the developed country shrinks. Expansion of differentiated sector in the migrant sending country and shrinking of such sector in the migrant-receiving country lowers the skilled migration from the developing to the developed country. The third chapter empirically tests the validity of the prediction of the first chapter. Using a panel data of 133 developing countries as migrant source countries and seven five-year windows between 1980 and 2010, we find that inflows of remittances are positively associated with subsequent stocks of highly educated migrants living in OECD countries. We find little association between remittance inflows and subsequent changes in stocks of less educated migrants.
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Riffell, Zachary D. "Time on Task across Skill Sets in Construction Trades Classrooms: Preparation of Skilled Craft Workers." Scholar Commons, 2019. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/7909.
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The construction industry is an essential component of the U.S. economy, yet even amid good wages, construction companies are having trouble finding enough individuals who are ready for work in the industry, and they fear they will not be able to do so in the future because training options for potential workers are inadequate. Better training options are needed. Much research has pointed to soft and academic skills as necessary skills for successful workers that are missing from worker preparation programs, but little has been done to establish an actual correlation between these skills and workforce readiness.
In this study, the underlying premise was that students who spend more time on learning tasks are more engaged and will be more likely to be successful in school. As such, time on task (TOT) was defined as the time construction students spent in school preparing for competition at SkillsUSA National Leadership and Skills Conference (NLSC). TOT was measured for three skill sets: academic, soft, and hard skills. The results were correlated with student success at NLSC to determine if related preparation led to increased success in the competition (the proxy for workforce readiness in this study). The results across skills sets showed that competitors at this high level of competition spent a high percentage of their TOT integrating the skill sets. In addition, multiple hierarchical regression analyses were performed with the TOT in the three subscales and competition placement. Overall, related results suggested some limited correlation between skill set integration and final placement at NLSC. In this regard, it is possible that the homogeneity of the population likely limits the generalizability of results.
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Figueroa, Ana Magdalena Figueroa. "Migration and human development in Latin America: the longitudinal effect of low-skilled and high-skilled emigration in the sending countries." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/101/101131/tde-18042018-101133/.
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This research aims to study the dynamic effect of emigration on the human development of the sending countries. For this, emigration is measured through low-skilled and high-skilled emigrants, as well as remittances. Additionally, human development is understood as having a decent standard of life, long healthy life, and education. This research is not concerned with why migrants choose to move. Instead, the concern here is to assess what happens to the human development of the sending countries when they exit their home countries. This work is based on the New Economics of Migration theory and uses Latin America as the sample of sending countries. The data are analyzed through Feasible Generalized Least Squares, Panel Corrected Standard Errors, and GMM-IV. The period covered in this research goes from 1970 to 2015. 5-year-averages are employed in order to calculate the long-run effect of emigration on human development. From the results obtained through the statistical analysis, it can be said that the impacts of emigration on human development are heterogeneous, and that depend on the type of emigration (high-skilled or low-skilled) and on time (short-run or long-run). The findings suggest that there are important short-term benefits of emigration on the access to a decent living standard and to education. However, there are also some worrying negative short-term effects, mostly on a long healthy life. Nevertheless, most of these negative short-run effects revert in the long-run and become more positive. Furthermore, the results show that high-skilled emigration has more positive effects on living standards and on a long healthy life than the low-skilled emigration. On the other hand, in the case of education, it seems like low-skilled emigration has more positive long-run effects when compared to the high-skilled one.Esta pesquisa visa estudar o efeito dinâmico da emigração no desenvolvimento humano dos países de origem. Para isto, a emigração é mensurada através de emigrantes pouco qualificados e altamente qualificados, bem como remessas. Além disso, o desenvolvimento humano é analisado através de um nível de vida decente, vida longa e saudável, e educação. Esta pesquisa não estuda o porquê os migrantes escolhem se mudar. Em vez disso, a preocupação aqui é analisar o quê acontece com o desenvolvimento humano dos países de origem quando os migrantes saem dos seus países de origem. Este trabalho baseia-se na teoria da Nova Economia da Migração e usa a América Latina como a amostra dos países de origem. Os dados são analisados através de Feasible Generalized Least Squares, Panel Corrected Standard Errors, and GMM-IV. O período abrangido por esta pesquisa é desde 1970 até 2015. São empregadas médias de 5 anos para calcular o efeito de longo prazo da emigração no desenvolvimento humano. A partir dos resultados obtidos através da análise estatística, pode-se dizer que os impactos da emigração no desenvolvimento humano são heterogêneos e que dependem do tipo de emigração (altamente qualificados ou pouco qualificados) e do tempo (curto ou longo prazo). Os resultados desta pesquisa mostram que sugerem que há benefícios importantes no curto prazo no acesso a um nível de vida decente e na educação. No entanto, também há alguns efeitos negativos preocupantes, principalmente em uma vida longa e saudável. No entanto, a maioria desses efeitos negativos no curto prazo se revertem no longo prazo e tornam-se mais positivos. Além disso, os resultados mostram que a emigração altamente qualificada tem efeitos mais positivos sobre o nível de vida e sobre uma longa vida saudável do que a emigração pouco qualificada. Por outro lado, no caso da educação, a emigração pouco qualificada tem efeitos mais positivos no longo prazo quando comparada com a emigração altamente qualificada.
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Newman, Jackie. "Factors determind [sic] attrition in high wage technical fields at Western Wisconsin Technical College plan B paper." Online version, 2000. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2000/2000newmanj.pdf.
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Nguyen, Quy Khanh. "Vietnamese return skilled migrants and their reintegration in Vietnam /." [St. Lucia, Qld], 2004. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe18234.pdf.
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Kliegl, Reinhold, Jacqui Smith, Jutta Hechhausen, and Paul B. Bates. "Mnemonic training for the acquisition of skilled digit memory." Universität Potsdam, 1987. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2009/4025/.
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This article outlines a research strategy for investigating, in a laboratory setting, the acquisition and the "limits" of a cognitive skill. Expert digit memory is used as an illustration. Two participants with initial average digit- and word-span memory were trained to memorize and reproduce strings of 80
to 90 digits presented at 10- to 1-sec rates. The instruction and training program, based on a theory of skilled memory, focused on three components: (a) acquisition of a mnemonic system (i.e., recoding digits into historical dates or concrete nouns), (b) use of a long-term memory retrieval structure (i.e., instruction in the Method of Loci), and (c) improvement in processing speed. After 86 experimental sessions, one participant recalled 90 random digits presented at a 1-sec rate. The digits were, however, constrained to be compatible with the participant's historical knowledge. The second participant recalled 80 random digits presented at a 5-sec rate after 70 sessions. Speed of encoding and retrieval processing was the only component that required extensive practice for skilled digit-memory acquisition.
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Gobbi, Lilian Tersa Bucken. "Developmental trends in skilled locomotor behavior over uneven terrain." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq21351.pdf.
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Olsson, Eva. "Designing Work Support Systems – For and With Skilled Users." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis : Univ.-bibl. [distributör], 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-4275.
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Jared, Debra J. (Debra Jean). "The use of phonological information in skilled silent reading /." Thesis, McGill University, 1990. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=74668.
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Six experiments were conducted to address the role of phonological information in visual word recognition. A semantic decision task was used to ensure that word meanings were accessed. Experiments 1-4 showed that subjects make more false positive errors on homophone foils (e.g. living thing-FLEE) than on spelling controls (e.g. living thing-FLEX) only when both members of the homophone pair are uncommon and are similarly spelled. In Experiment 5, there was an increase in errors on low but not high frequency homophone category exemplars when they were preceded by a word related to the other member of the homophone pair (e.g. SHATTER-BRAKE). In Experiment 6, subjects produced longer decision latencies on homophone exemplars than on semantic controls only when they were low in frequency. These results indicate that, even in skilled readers, phonological information mediates the access of meaning for low frequency words, and that orthographic activation also contributes to the activation of their meanings.
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Amos, Andrew John. "The role of cat motor cortex in skilled locomotion." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.330048.
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Turner, Emma L. "Assessing orthographic similarity effects in skilled and dyslexic readers." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.437305.
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COELHO, SUZANA LANNA BURNIER. "WORLD VIEWS AND PROJECTS OF SECONDARY LEVEL SKILLED WORKERS." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2003. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=4331@1.
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COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIORA pesquisa descreve e analisa os processos de construção e reconstrução das visões de mundo e dos projetos de trabalhadores técnicos de nível médio em seu diálogo com a dinâmica cultural da sociedade na modernidade tardia. Foram entrevistados 20 técnicos de nível médio (16 homens e 4 mulheres), alguns recorrentemente, ao longo de três anos. Foram entrevistados ainda alguns pais e mães e visitadas algumas residências, locais de trabalho e espaços de lazer desses técnicos. Com foco nas concepções dos sujeitos, procurou-se identificar, descrever e interpretar o diálogo desses sujeitos, oriundos de diferentes contextos sócio- culturais, com os padrões culturais e disciplinares modernos encontrados, em diferentes graus e formas, nas famílias, vizinhança, escolas, empresas e nos espaços de sociabilidade e lazer. A pesquisa constatou que, ainda que inseridos no modelo mais geral de homem burguês, os técnicos, tanto os oriundos dos setores populares quanto de setores médios, apresentam universos simbólicos particulares, compostos, de forma híbrida, de práticas e representações selecionados de diferentes grupos sócio- culturais, em função dos eixos articuladores de seus projetos. Inúmeros fatores são descortinados como elementos que orientam tal seleção, desde as configurações familiares e as condições de vida até as características pessoais, passando ainda pelas instituições e práticas vivenciadas. As conclusões do estudo apontam para a clássica tensão entre sujeito, subjetividade e identidade, de um lado e racionalidade, universalidade e vida social de outro, equacionada de diversas maneiras nos vários grupos culturais. No caso dos técnicos investigados foi identificada uma tendência ao favorecimento do pólo da racionalidade, em detrimento do pólo da subjetividade, nas instituições acessadas ao longo de suas trajetórias de vida, como a escola profissional, os sindicatos, as universidades e as empresas. Mas tal tendência não é única e dialoga tensa e intensamente com os valores oriundos da cultura popular através de instituições como a família e a religião, e de espaços como a vizinhança e as redes de sociabilidade. Nesse quadro complexo, os técnicos constroem suas visões de mundo e projetos, plenos de limites mas também de possibilidades.
This research describes and analyses the construction and reconstruction process of secondary level skilled workers world views in their dialogue on the cultural dynamics of the late modern society. The data was collected through interviews with twenty secondary level skilled workers ( sixteen men and four women) some of them for three years following their life histories. Some of the workers´ fathers and mothers were also interviewed in their homes. Interviews also took place at work and in their places of leisure. Focusing on the subjects´ perceptions, the research tried to identify, describe and interpret the dialogue between these workers, which come from different socio-cultural contexts, and the modern cultural and disciplinary patterns encountered in their families, neighborhoods, schools, companies and places of leisure. The research findings show that, belonging to the bourgeois human model, the workers also are influenced by popular groups and also by the middle class. This reveals particular symbolic universes, hybrids, composed with practices and representations chosen from different social groups, institutions and media, and referred in the central elements of their projects. The research also points to various factors which direct these choices, from the familiar configurations to personal peculiarities and the experienced institutions and practices. The conclusions point to the classic tension between the individual, subjectivity and identity, on the one hand and, on the other, rationality, universality and social life - a tension that is differently managed by the various cultural groups. In the case of these workers, a tendency of the institutions accessed by them along their life histories was identified as encouraging the rationality aspects in prejudicing their subjectivity in areas such as educational establishments, trade unions, universities and work place. But this is not the only tendency and the rationality dialogues tensely and intensely with the popular culture values stemming from institutions such as the family and religion and from areas such as the local neighborhood and social networks. In this complex framework the skilled workers compose their world views and projects, full of limits as well as possibilities.
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Smith, Christopher Lane. "Essays on the youth and low-skilled labor market." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/45925.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Economics, 2008.Includes bibliographical references (p. 137-142).
This dissertation consists of three chapters on the youth and low-skilled labor markets. In Chapter 1, I show that teen employment is significantly more responsive than adult employment to immigration, and that growth in low-skilled immigration appears to be a partial explanation for recent declines in teen employment rates. Using variation in immigrant shares across metropolitan areas between 1980 and 2000, I demonstrate that the impact of immigration on youth employment is at least twice as large as the impact on adults, and that immigration affects school enrollment decisions and the type of jobs held by native youth. These effects are strongest for black youth and youth from poorer and less educated families. The estimates suggest that a 10 percentage point increase in the immigrant share of a city's low-skilled population reduces the teen employment rate by 5 percentage points, implying that between one-third and one-half of the fall in teen employment between 1990 and 2005 can be explained by increased immigration. In Chapter 2, co-authored with David H. Autor and Alan Manning, we offer a fresh analysis of the effect of state and federal minimum wages on earnings inequality over 1979 to 2007, exploiting substantially longer state-level wage panels than were available to earlier analyses as well as a proliferation of recent state minimum wage laws. We obtain identification using cross-state and over-time variation in the 'bite' of federal and applicable state minimum wages, as per influential studies by Lee (1999) and Teulings (2000, 2003).
(cont.) Distinct from this work, we use statutory minimum wages as instrumental variables for the bite of the minimum wage, thereby purging simultaneity bias stemming from errors-in-variables, which we hypothesize causes upward bias in prior OLS estimates. While we uphold the finding that the minimum wage reduces inequality in the lower tail of the wage distribution, we estimate that earlier OLS models overestimate this impact greatly-by 150 to 450 percent. Models purged of simultaneity bias indicate that the minimum wage explains at most one-third of the rapid rise in inequality during the 1980s, and a comparable share of the more modest subsequent rise. These impacts are still larger than would be implied by a simple mechanical application of the minimum to the distribution, suggesting spillovers. We identify these spillovers by structurally estimating the latent wage distribution, calculating the mechanical effect of the minimum wage through truncation, and inferring spillovers by comparison of the mechanical and observed distributions. Spillovers account for one-third to one-half of the minimum's modest impact on percentiles in the lower tail of the wage distribution. Their magnitude has declined in parallel with the direct effects of the minimum, though their share of the total effect has risen.
(cont.) In Chapter 3, I explore the extent to which polarization in the adult labor market-i.e. a gradual increase in the share of adults working in the highest and lowest paying occupations, caused by technology-induced (computers) changes in labor demand-has impacted youth employment. I show that, since 1980, teen employment rates fell more in states and commuting zones for which the share of adults in low-paying occupations increased the most. I also find that this measure of polarization is strongly associated with lower teen and low-skilled adult wages, and more weakly associated with lower employment rates for low-skilled adults. These results can be rationalized in a model of local labor markets for which a reduction in the price of computing capital reduces labor demand for middle -income, routine-task intensive (manufacturing) jobs, pushing these workers into lower-paying service jobs. This chapter therefore provides evidence that a portion of the recent decline in youth employment is attributable to a reduction in labor demand for youth, due to an increase in the supply of substitutable labor (i.e. the gradual movement of less-educated adults from middle-paying to lower-paying occupations).
by Christopher Lane Smith.
Ph.D.