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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Ski boots

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Academic literature on the topic 'Ski boots'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 23 June 2021

Last updated: 7 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Ski boots"

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Lace, Karol Lann vel, and Michalina Błażkiewicz. "How does the ski boot affect human gait and joint loading?" Biomedical Human Kinetics 13, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 163–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/bhk-2021-0020.

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Abstract Study aim: To investigate the effect of wearing ski boots on kinematic and kinetic parameters of lower limbs during gait. Furthermore, loads in lower limb joints were assessed using the musculoskeletal model. Material and methods: The study examined 10 healthy women with shoe size 40 (EUR). Kinematic and kinetic data of walking in ski boots and barefoot were collected using a Vicon system and Kistler plates. A musculoskeletal model derived from AnyBody Modeling System was used to calculate joint reaction forces. Results: Wearing ski boots caused the range of motion in the knee joint to be significantly smaller and the hip joint to be significantly larger. Muscle torques were significantly greater in walking in ski boots for the knee and hip joints. Wearing ski boots reduced the reaction forces in the lower limb joints by 18% for the ankle, 16% for the knee, and 39% for the hip. Conclusions: Ski boot causes changes in the ranges of angles in the lower limb joints and increases muscle torques in the knee and hip joints but it does not increase the load on the joints. Walking in a ski boot is not destructive in terms of forces acting in the lower limb joints.

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Hauser, Wolfhart, and Peter Schaff. "Ski Boots: Biomechanical Issues Regarding Skiing Safety and Performance." International Journal of Sport Biomechanics 3, no. 4 (November 1987): 326–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijsb.3.4.326.

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In a state-of-the-art paper on skiing performance and on skiing safety, aspects of ski boot design are discussed. The influence of ski boots on the skier-bootbinding-ski system is described, and suggestions are made about improving ski boots regarding better skiing performance, less inadvertent binding releases, and less lower extremity equipment related injuries. The design of the boot sole and the boot shaft with its influence on binding release values is particularly described. Furthermore, in the forward lean the shaft stiffness of modern ski boots and their pressure distribution is very important for good skiing performance and reduction of injuries of the ankle joint and the tibia. The built-in forward lean and the stiffness to the rear can be related to the acting forces in the anterior cruciate ligament, and first approximations to reduce the risk of these injuries are given.

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Campbell, Jeffrey R., Irving S. Scher, David Carpenter, Bruce L. Jahnke, and Randal P. Ching. "Performance of Alpine Touring Boots When Used in Alpine Ski Bindings." Journal of Applied Biomechanics 33, no. 5 (October 1, 2017): 330–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jab.2016-0256.

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Alpine touring (AT) equipment is designed for ascending mountains and snow skiing down backcountry terrain. Skiers have been observed using AT boots in alpine (not made for Alpine Touring) ski bindings. We tested the effect on the retention-release characteristics of AT boots used in alpine bindings. Ten AT ski boots and 5 alpine ski boots were tested in 8 models of alpine ski bindings using an ASTM F504-05 (2012) apparatus. Thirty-one percent of the AT boots released appropriately when used in alpine ski bindings. One alpine binding released appropriately for all alpine and AT boots tested; 2 alpine ski bindings did not release appropriately for any AT boots. Altering the visual indicator settings on the bindings (that control the release torque of an alpine system) had little or no effect on the release torque when using AT boots in alpine ski bindings. Many combinations released appropriately in ski shop tests, but did not release appropriately in the more complex loading cases that simulated forward and backward falls; the simple tests performed by ski shops could produce a “false-negative” test result. These results indicate that using AT boots with alpine ski bindings could increase the likelihood of lower leg injuries.

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AKIBA, MITSUO. "Deterioration of Ski boots and Mountaineering boots." NIPPON GOMU KYOKAISHI 68, no. 10 (1995): 692–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.2324/gomu.68.692.

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Noé, Frédéric, Xavier García-Massó, Damien Ledez, and Thierry Paillard. "Ski Boots Do Not Impair Standing Balance by Restricting Ankle-Joint Mobility." Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 61, no. 2 (October 3, 2018): 214–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0018720818801734.

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Objective: This study was undertaken in order to provide new insight into sensorimotor control of posture when wearing high-shaft (HS) boots as ski boots. Background: Previous studies into the effects of HS boots on postural control have produced controversial results. Some studies reported postural control impairments with ski boots in bipedal postural tasks due to ankle movement restrictions without quantifying the actual restrictive effect of these boots and specifying the adaptations of the postural control system. Method: Eighteen young healthy subjects took part in the experiment. Bilateral postural control was assessed on stable and unstable surfaces, while standing barefoot or wearing ski boots. Center of pressure (COP) parameters, ankle, knee, and hip joints movements were calculated and EMG activity from main postural muscles was recorded. Results: Ski boots did not restrict the amplitude of ankle angular movements and largely impacted COP parameters and EMG activity on stable ground. In conditions of mediolateral instability, COP data illustrated an enhanced postural control in the frontal plane when wearing ski boots. Conclusions: Ski boots do not affect bipedal postural balance by restricting the ankle angular motions but induce complex adaptations of the postural control system which combine factors of a mechanical, motor, and sensorial nature. They impede postural control mainly when standing on stable ground without producing similar deleterious effects on unstable surfaces. Application: Our results show that HS boots as ski boots can improve lateral balance on unstable surfaces, which can contribute to prevent fall risk and ankle sprain.

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AUN, Siti Nadia, Michihiro SATO, and Yoshiki KAWANO. "Deformation Analysis of Ski Boots for Alpine Ski Competition." Proceedings of the Symposium on sports and human dynamics 2019 (2019): B—9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeshd.2019.b-9.

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Lee, H. T., Y. J. Kim, and Y. S. Kim. "Kinematic study with and without ski boots using ski simulator." Science & Sports 32, no. 1 (February 2017): e9-e14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scispo.2016.07.008.

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Virmavirta, Mikko, and Paavo V. Komi. "Ski jumping boots limit effective take-off in ski jumping." Journal of Sports Sciences 19, no. 12 (January 2001): 961–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/026404101317108462.

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Staniszewski, Michał, Przemysław Zybko, and Ida Wiszomirska. "Influence of a nine-day alpine ski training programme on the postural stability of people with different levels of skills." Biomedical Human Kinetics 8, no. 1 (March 7, 2016): 24–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bhk-2016-0004.

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SummaryStudy aim: In alpine skiing, balance is one of the key elements that determine the effectiveness of the ride. Because of ski boots, the foot and ankle joint complex is excluded from the process of maintaining the stability of the body. The aim of the study was to determine to what extent a few days of skiing activities and the level of technical skills affect the skiers’ level of postural stability. Material and methods: The study involved 10 beginner (20.7 ± 1.1 years, 76.4 ± 8.7 kg, 184.4 ± 6.1 cm) and 10 advanced (20.5 ± 0.5 years, 80.5 ± 13.7 kg, 184.5 ± 9.5 cm) skiers, who participated in a nine-day ski training camp. Measurements of the postural stability were taken on the first and last days of the camp, on an AccuSway (AMTI, USA) stabilometric platform. Results: In both groups, a significant (p < 0.05) improvement in stability was observed after the training camp only while standing in ski boots. While standing on two feet, the participants were more stable barefoot (p < 0.05), and when standing on one foot they were more stable in the ski boot trial (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Skiing had a positive effect on the postural stability only in measurement conditions that were similar to those in which this stability was practiced, i.e. in measurements involving ski boots. The restriction of mobility within the ankle joint significantly influenced the training-induced changes in the postural stability of both beginner and advanced alpine skiers.

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Immler, Lorenz, Kurt Schindelwig, Dieter Heinrich, and Werner Nachbauer. "Individual flexion stiffness of ski boots." Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport 22 (August 2019): S55—S59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2019.01.015.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Ski boots"

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Hsiao, Elizabeth T. "A dynamic model to study the influence of alpine ski boot characteristics on heel retention force /." Online version of thesis, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1850/11784.

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Stålbring, David. "Design of a ski boot fitting device : Increasing comfort and decreasing injuries." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för ekonomi, teknik, konst och samhälle, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-85822.

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Finding a boot that fits comfortably in a ski rental shop can be a difficult and tedious task for many people. Having properly fitting boots is important to prevent injuries in the user and reduce the risk of accidents happening on the mountain. The goal of this master thesis was to develop a tool that could make it easier for the customers in a ski rental shop to find the right boot for them. This was done by first sending out surveys to students at LTU and Swedish rental stores and interviewing rental store staff. It was found that a lot of the students don’t want to take the time to properly test their boots in the shop and that the staff don’t feel like they have the time to properly measure and fit every customer with a proper set of boots. It was theorised that making the measuring of the foot easier, faster, and more thorough would increase the chances of customers finding the right set of boots. The measurements that need to be taken for a proper boot matching to be made were found to be foot length, foot width, instep height, and calf volume. Through a design process combining a convergent/divergent and an iterative phase a tool that can take these measurements was designed and developed. The tool is a sock with built in stretch sensors that align themselves on the user’s foot in the correct places as the user puts on the sock. With a microcontroller the sock takes the measurements and sends them wirelessly to a screen that is placed in the store making it easy for the user to read the measurements. On the screen the user can also see what boot they are recommended to rent based on the measurements and book them directly on the screen.

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Pier, Jason D. (Jason David). "Design of an endoskeleton ski boot." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83735.

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Thesis (S.B.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 2013.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (page 43).
The design of ski boots changed continually from the 1950's until the 1980's, at which point ski boot manufactures started making a plastic shell around a soft liner. This design, which hasn't changed significantly in the last three decades, has a few underlying problems that prohibit it from ever having an optimal combination of comfort and performance. These problems are caused primarily by the need to hold the foot through the insulation, thereby packing out and thinning all insulation in the boot. A new boot design is proposed here that would solve this problem by featuring a skeletal design instead of a shell, which would be located inside the insulation. This new ski boot design features structural "beams" that encase the foot and the lower leg. These beams are close to the foot and leg, thereby holding it tightly. By controlling the thickness of the structure, it can be made to match the natural flex of the ankle. A rotating front part would be used to set the forward lean. An enclosure around this entire structure would be held tight by straps and Boa laces. An analysis of this design showed that carbon fiber was a strong enough material to make the boot, and the model was adjusted to feature a ~4mm displacement when a 145N force was applied.
by Jason D. Pier.
S.B.

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Greenberg, Susan B. "Control of subtalar motion with the use of ski-boot footbeds." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/28746.

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Research shows that up to 80% of recreational skiers have lower limb alignments which can impede their ability to turn their skis properly (Subotnick,1982). The most difficult of these alignment problems to control within a ski-boot is the varus alignment of the subtalar joint (Macintyre and Matheson, 1988). The use of custom molded footbeds made specifically for use inside of ski boots has been suggested as one method of compensating for a varus aligned foot. This study compared the effectiveness of one brand of custom molded ski boot footbed with that of a noncustom insole in controlling the motions of the lower limb associated with subtalar varus. Specifically these motions were those of the rearfoot and the navicular tubercle, along with the alignment of the tibial tuberosity with respect to the mid-line of the ski boot. In addition, subjects were given the opportunity to assess their subjective feelings of edge control, pain, and fatigue while skiing with both the custom molded footbeds and non-custom insoles. The subject group for this study consisted of 13 advanced level adult skiers who demonstrated more than three degrees of subtalar varus when non-weight bearing. Each subject received a pair of custom molded ski boot footbeds at the beginning of the study. Ski boots that had been cut away at the rear and the medial side were used in the laboratory in order to observe the motions of the navicular tubercle and the rearfoot as the subject transferred their weight in a simulated skiing motion. The right and left navicular tubercle, tibial tubercle, and the insertion of the Achilles at the calcaneus of each subject were located by palpation and marked. After sufficient practice of the weight transfer motion, two trials of each landmark were photographed using 35mm slide film. The subjects were first photographed while using the non-custom insoles and again using the custom molded footbeds. The slides were digitized and comparisons were made between the two types of insoles for both the start and end locations of the landmarks as well as for the ranges of motion through which the landmarks traveled. Statistical analyses of the group results indicated that there was significantly less (p=0.000) navicular motion during the shift from the start to the end positions with the use of the custom molded footbeds as compared to the non-custom insoles. The rearfoot angle was significantly less at both the start (p=0.000) and end (p=0.000) positions with the use of the custom footbeds as compared to the noncustom insoles. There was no statistical difference between the amount of rearfoot motion allowed by either type of insole. The tibial tubercle was positioned significantly (p=0.000) closer to the mid-line of the ski boot when using the custom footbeds than with the use of the non-custom insoles. These results indicate that the custom footbeds domaintain the subtalar joint in a more neutral position than do non-custom insoles. During the skiing section of the study the subjects rated the custom footbeds as providing better edge control (p=0.000) and resulting in less fatigue (p=0.000) than noncustom insoles. There was no statistical significance when comparing the ratings given by the group for the level of pain experienced with the use of either type of insole. There was a statistically significant improvement (p=0.000) in race times for the group when using the custom footbeds as compared to the non-custom insoles. The results of this study indicate that custom molded ski boot footbeds are able to control subtalar motion more effectively than a non-custom insole. It appears that this control of subtalar motion enhances the skiing experience by increasing edge control and reducing the amount of fatigue experienced.
Education, Faculty of
Curriculum and Pedagogy (EDCP), Department of
Graduate

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Samuels, Philip S. "Building social capital through participation in adaptive ski programs a thematic content analysis of participants of the Tahoe Adaptive Ski School /." abstract and full text PDF (UNR users only), 2008. http://0-gateway.proquest.com.innopac.library.unr.edu/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:1460774.

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Engblom, Johan. "On the phase behaviour of lipids with respect to skin barrier function." Lund, Sweden : Dept. of Food Technology, Lund University, 1996. http://books.google.com/books?id=TdFqAAAAMAAJ.

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Hori, Tsuyoshi. "Qin Han fa zhi shi lun kao." [Peking] : Fa lü chu ban she : Xin hua shu dian jing xiao, 1988. http://books.google.com/books?id=Hz06AAAAMAAJ.

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Hu, Yongming. "Shi chang jing ji yu chan quan gai ge." Beijing : Zhongguo ren min da xue chu ban she, 1993. http://books.google.com/books?id=_A4yAAAAMAAJ.

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Anichtchenko, Evguenia V. "Open passage ethno-archaeology of skin boats and indigeneous maritime mobility of North-American Arctic." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2016. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/411811/.

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This thesis is an examination of prehistoric maritime mobility in the Arctic regions of North America through the ethno-archaeological analysis of skin boats. Covering over 100,000 km of coastline, the skin boat traditions of the Arctic and Subarctic zones are arguably among the most expansive watercraft technologies in the world, dating back at least 10,000 years. Despite the considerable material record generated by this geographically and chronologically extended use, and the potential this record contains for understanding Arctic maritime mobility, skin boat datasets are rarely considered in scholarly discussions on prehistoric exchanges and population movement. This study aims at closing this gap by focusing on the skin boat record as a key dataset for assessing the scale, nature and significance of maritime mobility in the North-American Arctic. The analysis of particular regional trends and cross-regional patterns is based on review of three case studies. Moving west to east this review starts in the Bering Strait region with a particular focus on the Kukulik site on St. Lawrence Island. Maritime mobility in the Chukchi Sea region is assessed through the archaeological assembly of the Birnirk site near Point Barrow, Alaska. The third case study is focused on the Qariaraqyuk site on Somerset Island, extending the geography of the research to the Central Canadian Arctic. Individual boat parts and the information they provide for reconstructing complete watercraft are analyzed along with the boat fragment frequency and spatial distribution. This provides understanding of the statistical and social makeup of seafaring in Arctic North America, of the logistics of maritime mobility, of the larger scale cross-regional and chronological patterns of skin boat design and use, and, ultimately, of the role of seafaring in constructing cultural landscapes of the prehistoric Arctic.

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Liao, Yupei. "Wo guo da xue tu shu guan xian shang gong yong mu lu shi yong zhe li yong zhi dao fang shi zhi yan jiu." Taibei Shi ; Niuyue : Han Mei tu shu you xian gong si, 1992. http://books.google.com/books?id=OuYVAAAAMAAJ.

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Books on the topic "Ski boots"

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Adler, Allen. National ski register--books. Barton, Vt: NETCO Press, 1992.

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Chiba, Akio. Bi sai kai shi. Taibei Shi: Dong li chu ban she, 1994.

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Sei to shi no "Kannongyō". Tōkyō: Daizō Shuppan, 2000.

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White magic. Thorndike, Me: Thorndike Press, 2000.

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Shi shi shi jing. Yangzhou Shi: Jiangsu Guangling gu ji ke yin she, 1991.

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The skin regime: Boot camp for beautiful skin. Goldens Bridge, N.Y: Verve Productions, LLC, 2012.

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Hua, Hsüan. Phật thuyết Tứ thập nhị chân kinh. Burlingame, CA: Buddhist Text Translation Society, Trường đại học pháp giới, Tổng hội Phật giáo pháp giới, Vạn Phật thánh thành, 2000.

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Hua, Hsüan. Fo shuo si shi er zhang jing =: The sutra of forty-two chapters divulged by the Buddha. Taiwan: Pi lu chu ban she, 2005.

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Shu, ren, shi: Books, people, events. Beijing: Zhongguo you yi chu ban gong si, 1986.

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Leocha, Charles. Ski Europe. 8th ed. Hampstead, NH: World Leisure Corporation, 1992.

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Book chapters on the topic "Ski boots"

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Petrone, Nicola, and Giuseppe Marcolin. "Impact Behaviour of Ski-Boots against Different Obstacles (P243)." In The Engineering of Sport 7, 489–97. Paris: Springer Paris, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-2-287-09413-2_60.

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Gilmour, Jess K. "Bootes." In The Practical Astronomer’s Deep-sky Companion, 16–18. London: Springer London, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-0071-3_6.

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Coe, Steven R. "Which Books On Astronomy Should I Get?" In Deep Sky Observing, 359–65. London: Springer London, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-0365-3_18.

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Costa-Scorse, Brenda A., Will G. Hopkins, and Roald Bahr. "Evaluation of Ski-Binding-Boot System Safety Using Torque Testing." In Skiing Trauma and Safety: 20th Volume, 163–70. 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959: ASTM International, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/stp158220130158.

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Oggiano, L., L. S√ÜTran, and L. Agnese. "Airfolied Design for Alpine Ski Boots." In The Impact of Technology on Sport II. Taylor & Francis, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781439828427.ch118.

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Han, Chang Dae. "Rheology of Thermoplastic Polyurethanes." In Rheology and Processing of Polymeric Materials: Volume 1: Polymer Rheology. Oxford University Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195187823.003.0016.

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Thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) has received considerable attention from both the scientific and industrial communities (Hepburn 1982; Oertel 1985; Saunders and Frish 1962). Applications for TPUs include automotive exterior body panels, medical implants such as the artificial heart, membranes, ski boots, and flexible tubing. Figure 10.1 gives a schematic that shows the architecture of TPU, consisting of hard and soft segments. Hard segments, which form a crystalline phase at service temperature, are composed of diisocyanate and short-chain diols as a chain extender, while soft segments, which control low-temperature properties, are composed of difunctional long-chain polydiols with molecular weights ranging from 500 to 5000. The soft segments form a flexible matrix between the hard domains. TPUs are synthesized by reacting difunctional long-chain diol with diisocyanate to form a prepolymer, which is then extended by a chain extender via one of two routes: (1) by a dihydric glycol chain extender or (2) by a diamine chain extender. The most commonly used diisocyanate is 4,4’-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI), which reacts with a difunctional polyol forming soft segments, such as poly(tetramethylene adipate) (PTMA) or poly(oxytetramethylene) (POTM), to produce TPU, in which 1,4-butanediol (BDO) is used as a chain extender. There are two methods widely used to produce TPU: (1) one-shot reaction sequence and (2) two-stage reaction sequence. The reaction sequences for both methods are well documented in the literature (Hepburn 1982). It should be mentioned that MDI/BDO/PTMA produces ester-based TPU. One can also produce ether-based TPU when MDI reacts with POTM using BDO as a chain extender. TPUs are often referred to as “multiblock copolymers.” In order to have a better understanding of the rheological behavior of TPUs, one must first understand the relationships between the chemical structure and the morphology; thus, a complete characterization of the materials must be conducted. The rheological behavior of TPU depends, among many factors, on (1) the composition of the soft and hard segments, (2) the lengths of the soft and hard segments and the sequence length distribution, (3) anomalous linkages (branching, cross-linking), and (4) molecular weight.

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Eimeleus, K. B. E. E. "Conclusion." In Skis in the Art of War, translated by William D. Frank and E. John B. Allen, 132–37. Cornell University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501747403.003.0032.

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This concluding chapter takes a look at how other countries are developing and organizing skiing from a military perspective. The Scandinavian countries, certainly, have no shortage of knowledgeable and experienced skier-reserves who can bring a powerful ski division up to strength at will. The chapter then turns to the Western European countries and how they have adopted skiing into their military operations, with varying degrees of success. In Russia, far better conditions exist for the potential use of skis than in most other nations because of its geographic location and the character of the terrain. Thus, the chapter argues that the nature of Russia demands the wide use of skis. Indeed, there is a need to boost and regenerate the forgotten and neglected art of skiing.

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"Darwin Among the Books." In i in the Sky, 13–19. Routledge, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203058725-5.

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RAHMEL, D. "Skip-bleach Simulation." In Nuts and Bolts Filmmaking, 325–29. Elsevier, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-240-80546-7.50066-0.

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"Skip-bleach Simulation." In Nuts and Bolts Filmmaking, 345–49. Routledge, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780080548784-72.

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Conference papers on the topic "Ski boots"

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"Pilot Study for the Evaluation of Thermal Properties and Moisture Management on Ski Boots." In Special Session on Effect of the Environment on the Sport Performance. SCITEPRESS - Science and and Technology Publications, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0004644401710179.

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Kuna, Danijela, Matej Babić, and Mateja Očić. "Hierarchical Classification Of Expert Models Of Exercises Designed To Eliminate Specific Mistakes Occurring In Short Ski Turn." In 12th International Conference on Kinanthropology. Brno: Masaryk University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.p210-9631-2020-8.

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The aim of the present study was to examine the structure of an expert model of exercises designed to eliminate the Lack of specific ski movement mistake in short ski turn, as well as offer a hierarchical classification of the expert model. For this purpose, a two-stage research was conducted. During the first stage of the research the exercises with the purpose of Lack of specific ski movement mistake elimination were designed by 20 skiing experts aged 25 to 45. By means of email and coordinated by the paper author, the experts first designed a model of 14 methodical exercises and subsequently selected the five most relevant ones, ranking them on a scale from 1 to 5. A nonparametric chi - square test (χ2) was used. The research showed there was no significant variation across the experts’eval-uation of the five most important methodical exercises (χ2 = 21,69; p = 0,06). The expert model of the most important methodical exercises for the Lack of specific ski movement mistake correction thus includes the following: Holding a ski stick under the handle, Jump turns, Hands on hips, Unbuttoned ski boots and Ski poles in vertical position in forwards. 307 skiing professionals of various levels of expertise participated in the second stage of the research, whose aim was to classify the Lack of specific ski movement mistake elimi-nation exercises. The participants’task was to rank the exercises based on their relevance. Total amounts of rank sums (ΣR) were calculated, the Kruskal-Wallis test (H-test) was car-ried out, and the corresponding levels of significance (p) were recorded, for the purpose of comparing the significance of diversity between rank sums and the expert model. The sta-tistically significant difference was found between the rank sums (ΣR) of the most eficient exercises for the Lack of specific ski movement mistake correction (H = 198,19; p < 0,001). The results obtained in the two stages of the research provide valuable insights regarding the methods of short ski turns. The hierarchical classification of the most important method-ical corrective exercises obtained from ski teachers and professionals with different levels of education and expertise yields accurate and precise data about corrective methodical exercises in the process of studying short ski turn. Any further research regarding the same object should evaluate the designed expert model of the most important methodical exer-cises, as well as their hierarchical classification, across different groups of participants.

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Saglio, Emilio, Ferruccio Mandorli, and Umberto Cugini. "Super-Finishing Tool Path Generation for Digitized Models Supported by Super-Finishing Form Feature Recognition." In ASME 1994 International Computers in Engineering Conference and Exhibition and the ASME 1994 8th Annual Database Symposium collocated with the ASME 1994 Design Technical Conferences. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/cie1994-0399.

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Abstract The realization of sculptured shapes using CAD systems is still today a very complex and time consuming operation. For these reasons, design by physical modeling is still in use and remains in force in many industries (automotive, ski boots, sport articles). For the manufacturing of complex free-form surfaces, in situations in which it is more desirable to proceed from a physical model to a numerical definition rather than use mathematics to derive the physical part, copy milling techniques are widely used. This paper gives a brief overview about copy milling techniques for 3 axis copy milling machines, and proposes a feature based method to support an automatic tool path generation for the super-finishing phase. The proposed method is divided in two parts: super-finishing features recognition and tool path generation. Using copy milling techniques, the model of the object to be milled is obtained by digitizing. Therefore a global mathematical surface description of the model does not exist. In such a situation a model interpretation phase is required to recognize the super-finishing features and thus proceed to the tool path generation. A two step algorithm for super-finishing feature recognition on a digitized model is proposed: features arc recognized on the basis of the digitized point density and the normal vectors of the triangles generated by the surface reconstruction (based on Delaunay triangulation method). The tool path is then generated using a method based on the calculation of the Voronoi diagram on the area identified as super-finishing feature. The super-finishing feature recognition and tool path generation modules have been integrated as part of a more general CAM system for copy milling called HICAM. The architecture of such a system will be presented together with examples of solutions obtained by means of the use of the implemented prototype modules.

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Sie, Astrini, Jonathan Realmuto, and Eric Rombokas. "A Lower Limb Prosthesis Haptic Feedback System for Stair Descent." In 2017 Design of Medical Devices Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dmd2017-3409.

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Though there are a variety of prosthetic limbs that address the motor deficits associated with amputation, there has been relatively little progress in restoring sensation. Prosthetic limbs provide little direct sensory feedback of the forces they encounter in the environment, but “closing the loop” between sensation and action can make a great difference in performance [1]. For users of lower limb prostheses, stair descent is a difficult and dangerous task. The difficulty in stair descent can be attributed to three different factors: 1) Absence of tactile and haptic sensations at the bottom of the foot. Although force on the prosthetic socket provides some haptic feedback of the terrain being stepped on, this feedback does not provide information on the location of the staircase edge. 2) Insufficient ankle flexion of lower limb prostheses. Dorsiflexion of the physiological ankle during stair descent is about 27°. Even prostheses that provide active dorsiflexion provide less than this number, and regular prostheses provide almost no ankle dorsiflexion. The first two factors are analogous to the sensation of stair descent for someone without amputation wearing ski boots. 3) Prosthetic feet are optimized for flat-ground walking, offering undesirable energy storage at ankle flexion and energy return at toe-off. This can result in unwanted extra energy at the end of stance phase, propelling the user forward down the stairs. Most lower limb prosthesis designs focus on flat ground walking, but there has been less progress in addressing the challenges of stair descent. One technique that users of prosthetic lower limbs can use for addressing these challenges is to employ an “overhanging toe” foot placement strategy. Under this strategy, the edge of the staircase is used as a pivot point for the foot to roll over the stair. This reduces the need for ankle flexion by allowing the knee and hip to compensate, and avoids storing energy in the prosthetic spring. This strategy is dynamic, and requires the user to know the amount of toe overhang to adjust the movement of the rest of the body. Most haptic devices built to assist individuals wearing prostheses focus on upper extremity tasks [2–4] or standing and walking [5,6]. Whereas previous lower limb sensory replacement systems have targeted standing measures, here we focus on stair descent. The system provides cues of the stair edge location via vibrotactile stimulations on the thigh.

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Rossi, Stefano, Paolo Cappa, and Fabrizio Patane`. "Experimental Measurement of the Ski Boot Stiffness in Sagittal and Frontal Planes." In ASME 2008 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2008-68774.

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In the present paper a novel device and a post-processing procedure are proposed to evaluate the mechanical behavior of a ski boot stiffness. The originality of the methodology consists in the following elements: (1) the stiffness is evaluated not only in plantar/dorsi flexion direction, but also in inversion/eversion one; (2) the loads are applied automatically and along programmable paths; and (3) the stiffness is calculated as the full jacobian of the applied moments. The testing apparatus is a XY Cartesian robot equipped with two linear potentiometers, a 6-axes load cell and a cardanic/prismatic joint for resembling the behavior of the knee complex. The experiments consisted of a cyclic horizontal displacement applied to the knee, with a period of 1 s in variable directions, and the measurement of the consequent boot reaction force. The chosen directions of load were straight lines passing through the neutral position of the boot; the lines changed their angle in respect to the ski when three displacement cycles were completed. The range of variation of flexion and inversion angles were 7° and 5°, respectively. The device showed a high level of repeatability, in comparison with the level of accuracy typical for the biomechanical evaluations, that permitted estimation of the stiffness of the tested boot as a 3rd order polynomial. The results achieved could be useful for the estimation of the reaction forces corresponding to ankle joint angles measurable during the skiing.

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Radnaeva, Vera, Dmitry Shalbuev, Nikolay Sovetkin, Khurelsukh Gaanbaatar, Solongo Khosbayar, Suvda Dashdorj, and Victoriy Alekhina. "Horse paws as raw material for fur industry." In The 8th International Conference on Advanced Materials and Systems. INCDTP - Leather and Footwear Research Institute (ICPI), Bucharest, Romania, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.24264/icams-2020.iii.14.

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Horse skin is used for processing various types of skin. However, paws of horse skin are not used as fur raw material. Usually they are burned or sent to landfills and may cause infectious diseases. It is possible to minimize negative impact on the environment by converting this waste into fur raw material. In cold regions of Russia high fur boots made of cattle and deer paws are very popular. The aim of the research is to study the possibility of using paws of horse skin as raw material for fur industry. Processing of horse paws based on well-known leather and fur processing technologies lead to semi-finished product characterized by increased stiffness and uneven properties on different skin parts. Such semi-finished product was not suitable for high fur boots manufacture. The aim of the research is to work out a new technology and study chemical and physico-mechanical properties. In the work various treatment options for horse paws and their properties are investigated: moisture content, amount of minerals and chromium oxide, pH of the aqueous extract, tensile strength, elongation at a voltage of 10 MPa, and stiffness are determined. The possibility of transferring horse paws from municipal solid waste into fur raw material is shown.

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Dwivedi, U., C. D. Carpenter, E. S. Guerry, A. C. Polk, S. R. Krishnan, and K. K. Srinivasan. "Performance and Emissions Characteristics of Diesel-Ignited Gasoline Dual Fuel Combustion in a Single Cylinder Research Engine." In ASME 2013 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icef2013-19108.

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Diesel-ignited gasoline dual fuel combustion experiments were performed in a single-cylinder research engine (SCRE), outfitted with a common-rail diesel injection system and a stand-alone engine controller. Gasoline was injected in the intake port using a port-fuel injector. The engine was operated at a constant speed of 1500 rev/min, a constant load of 5.2 bar IMEP, and a constant gasoline energy substitution of 80%. Parameters such as diesel injection timing (SOI), diesel injection pressure, and boost pressure were varied to quantify their impact on engine performance and engine-out ISNOx, ISHC, ISCO, and smoke emissions. Advancing SOI from 30 DBTDC to 60 DBTDC reduced ISNOx from 14 g/kWhr to less than 0.1 g/kWhr; further advancement of SOI did not yield significant ISNOx reduction. A fundamental change was observed from heterogeneous combustion at 30 DBTDC to “premixed enough” combustion at 50–80 DBTDC and finally to well-mixed diesel-assisted gasoline HCCI-like combustion at 170 DBTDC. Smoke emissions were less than 0.1 FSN at all SOIs, while ISHC and ISCO were in the range of 8–20 g/kWhr, with the earliest SOIs yielding very high values. Indicated fuel conversion efficiencies were ∼ 40–42.5%. An injection pressure sweep from 200 to 1300 bar at 50 DBTDC SOI and 1.5 bar intake boost showed that very low injection pressures lead to more heterogeneous combustion and higher ISNOx and ISCO emissions, while smoke and ISHC emissions remained unaffected. A boost pressure sweep from 1.1 to 1.8 bar at 50 DBTDC SOI and 500 bar rail pressure showed very rapid combustion for the lowest boost conditions, leading to high pressure rise rates, higher ISNOx emissions, and lower ISCO emissions, while smoke and ISHC emissions remained unaffected by boost pressure variations.

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Al-Fannah, Nasser Mohammed. "Making defeating CAPTCHAs harder for bots." In 2017 Computing Conference. IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/sai.2017.8252183.

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Leonelli, D., A. Vandooren, R. Rooyackers, A. S. Verhulst, C. Huyghebaert, S. De Gendt, M. M. Heyns, and G. Groeseneken. "Novel architecture to boost the vertical tunneling in Tunnel Field Effect Transistors." In 2011 IEEE International SOI Conference. IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/soi.2011.6081704.

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Beglerovic, Halil, Yasuhisa Hirata, and Kazuhiro Kosuge. "Formation control of multiple passive type boats for sea surveillance." In 2016 IEEE/SICE International Symposium on System Integration (SII). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/sii.2016.7844109.

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Reports on the topic "Ski boots"

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King, Michael Patrick. Summary of Total Dose Testing on IBM Bottom Oxidation Through STI (BOTS) FinFETs. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1467777.

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